Podcasts about nature plants

Posiblemente no hayas oído hablar, hasta ahora, de que muchas plantas tienen capacidad para elevar su temperatura por encima del ambiente. Esa capacidad para generar calor se denomina termogénesis, un fenómeno fascinante que ha jugado un papel crucial en la evolución de la polinización por insectos. Un estudio publicado en Nature Plants y firmado en primer lugar por David Peris, nuestro invitado en Hablando con Científicos, ha examinado las características de las plantas termogénicas actuales y las ha comparado con los linajes de plantas fósiles. El resultado indica que la capacidad para generar calor en algunas plantas es un fenómeno que se remonta 200 millones de años atrás, mucho antes de que tuviera lugar la aparición de las primeras plantas con flores.

Posiblemente no hayas oído hablar, hasta ahora, de que muchas plantas tienen capacidad para elevar su temperatura por encima del ambiente. Esa capacidad para generar calor se denomina termogénesis, un fenómeno fascinante que ha jugado un papel crucial en la evolución de la polinización por insectos. Un estudio publicado en Nature Plants y firmado en primer lugar por David Peris, nuestro invitado en Hablando con Científicos, ha examinado las características de las plantas termogénicas actuales y las ha comparado con los linajes de plantas fósiles. El resultado indica que la capacidad para generar calor en algunas plantas es un fenómeno que se remonta 200 millones de años atrás, mucho antes de que tuviera lugar la aparición de las primeras plantas con flores.

Posiblemente no hayas oído hablar, hasta ahora, de que muchas plantas tienen capacidad para elevar su temperatura por encima del ambiente. Esa capacidad para generar calor se denomina termogénesis, un fenómeno fascinante que ha jugado un papel crucial en la evolución de la polinización por insectos. Un estudio publicado en Nature Plants y firmado en primer lugar por David Peris, nuestro invitado en Hablando con Científicos, ha examinado las características de las plantas termogénicas actuales y las ha comparado con los linajes de plantas fósiles. El resultado indica que la capacidad para generar calor en algunas plantas es un fenómeno que se remonta 200 millones de años atrás, mucho antes de que tuviera lugar la aparición de las primeras plantas con flores.

Posiblemente no hayas oído hablar, hasta ahora, de que muchas plantas tienen capacidad para elevar su temperatura por encima del ambiente. Esa capacidad para generar calor se denomina termogénesis, un fenómeno fascinante que ha jugado un papel crucial en la evolución de la polinización por insectos. Un estudio publicado en Nature Plants y firmado en primer lugar por David Peris, nuestro invitado en Hablando con Científicos, ha examinado las características de las plantas termogénicas actuales y las ha comparado con los linajes de plantas fósiles. El resultado indica que la capacidad para generar calor en algunas plantas es un fenómeno que se remonta 200 millones de años atrás, mucho antes de que tuviera lugar la aparición de las primeras plantas con flores.

This is the weekly columnDid the extinction of dinosaurs play a part in the creation of wine? While it may sound far-fetched,  according to an article in the prestigious, peer-reviewed scientific journal Nature Plants, there is scientific evidence to support the theory.Researchers discovered fossil grape seeds in South America dating back 60 million years. Fossil grape seed evidence in India dates back 66 million years. The dinosaur extinction occurred 66 million years ago. Coincidence? Science indicates no.The extinction marks the end of the Cretaceous Period. Approximately 75 percent of all plant and animal species were lost, including all non-avian dinosaurs. That transformed the entire world. With large animals not around to eat or knock down trees, forests reset themselves, becoming much more dense and layered. Trees grew taller, and there were many more of them.Grape vines are tree climbers. Trees are their natural habitat. As trees grew up, grape vines were right there with them, climbing toward sunlight. Vineyard structures are simulated trees. The increase in birds and mammals also helped. Grape globes are designed to be eaten. Grape seeds are designed to survive digestion, then spread by animals that eat them.Soft, grape globes, of course, did not fossilize. Seeds did. Although grape seeds are tiny, scientists identified particular shapes and other morphological features. CT scans identified internal structures that confirmed the grape seed identity.While grape vines existed before the great extinction, the extinction created vast new, favorable conditions and ecological niches. The extinction did not cause the appearance of grape vines, it did favor their spread and diversification, as it did for all flowering plants.The next time you sip wine or munch on a raisin or a table grape, pause to thank the asteroid that slammed into Earth 66 million years ago. That event may have killed dinosaurs, but it helped give us grape vines. And wine.Tasting notes• FIOL Prosecco Rosé Millesimato 2021: Fresh, fruity, elegant, fun. Blend of 85% glera and 15% pinot noir. Ideal for a Sunday brunch. $18 Link to my review• Baron Philippe de Rothschild Mouton Cadet Blanc X Nathan 2023: Low acidity—for a sauv blanc—allows tasty fruit to shine. People not into sauv blanc will enjoy this effort. $16-19 Link to my review• Etude Pinot Gris, Grace Benoist Ranch Vineyard, Carneros 2022: Bright, fresh, easy drinker; delivers depth, aromatic intensity. $23-28 Link to my review• Rodney Strong Vineyards Russian River Valley Reserve Chardonnay 2021: Rich, premium pour. Skillfully touches all the bases of the oak and malo Russian River style; avoids cartoony excess. $46-50 Link to my reviewLast roundDrinking wine usually is not the answer, but it does help you forget the question.Email: wine@cwadv.comNewsletter: gusclemens.substack.comWebsite:  Gus Clemens on Wine websiteFacebook:  facebook.com/GusClemensOnWine/posts/Twitter (X): @gusclemensLong form wine stories on Vocal: Gus Clemens on VocalLinks worth exploringDiary of a Serial Hostess Ins and outs of entertaining; witty anecdotes of life in the stylish lane.As We Eat Multi-platform storytelling explores how food connects, defines, inspires.Balanced Diet Original recipes, curated links about food systems, recipe reviews. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit gusclemens.substack.com/subscribe

Is the reason we have great wine today thanks to the dinosaurs going extinct? That's what scientists conclude in a paper published in the journal Nature Plants. Humans have loved grapes for thousands of years, whether eaten fresh, dried as raisins, or fermented into wine. However, during the time of the dinosaurs, their large bodies knocked down trees, resulting in less dense forests than we see today. After the dinosaurs went extinct, forests became denser, forcing plants to compete more intensely for sunlight and resources. Vines, including grapevines, had a competitive edge because they could climb off the forest floor to access more sunlight. Additionally, the diversification of mammals and birds after the dinosaur extinction helped disperse grape seeds to new locations. This theory is supported by the discovery of the world's oldest known grape seed fossil, found in India and dating back 66 million years. Its age coincides with the mass extinction event caused by an asteroid impact. Ancient grape seed fossils had not been discovered in South America before, but scientists in this study suspected their presence and searched for them. They found nine new species of fossilized grape seeds across Colombia, Panama, and Peru, ranging from 19 million to 60 million years old. Finding ancient fruit evidence is challenging due to the rapid decomposition of soft flesh. However, the hard seeds on which this study is based were preserved as fossils. One of these species, called ‘Susman's stone grape', is related to the subfamily Vitoideae, which gave rise to modern commercial grapes. So, next time you savour a glass of wine, remember that the rich history of grapes, from ancient fossils to their global spread, owes much to the catastrophic events that wiped out the dinosaurs. LISTEN ABOVESee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Alô, Alô! Se você pudesse escolher ter nascido diferente, você escolheria? Por exemplo, se soubesse que você poderia nascer com uma doença grave, você escolheria mudar isso? Ou mudar o seu tamanho, a sua cor de pele, sua memória... Você arriscaria fazer isso? E se você pudesse usar esse poder em outros seres vivos? Ou seja, escolher as características de animais, micróbios e plantas antes mesmo de eles nascerem? Por exemplo, escolher que uma vaca nasça sem chifre; ou que uma bactéria seja capaz de produzir um medicamento; ou que uma planta tenha mais nutrientes e frutos maiores? Estou falando de exemplos do poder que a edição genética pode ter. Muitas das coisas já são possíveis de serem feitas. Existem algumas maneiras de se fazer essa edição genética. Uma das mais famosas é a transgenia (que produz os alimentos transgênicos), mas uma nova maneira de fazer edição genética é o método CRISPR. Esse episódio está muito especial! Em um forma de ensaio jornalístico e com uma narrativa envolvente, conversamos com seis especialistas para entender o que é edição genética, quais as vantagens e perigos de usá-los e como eles são vistos pela legislação brasileira. Aperta o play e entenda essa história. Assuntos abordados: 00:00 - O que é edição genética? DNA, genoma e fenótipo.04:05 - O que é CRISPR?07:30 - Vantagens de se usar o CRISPR.10:30 - Transgênicos são seguros?17:26 - Problemas do CRISPR: O Efeito Fora do Alvo (off-target).27:39 - Problemas sociais e econômicos que o CRISPR pode causar.37:22 - Efeitos do CRISPR em cadeias alimentares.38:29 - Leis que controlam o CRISPR no Brasil. Especialistas entrevistados: Santuza Teixeira - Professora do Depto. Bioquímica e Imunologia da UFMG. Sarah Agapito - Geneticista do Genok, centro de Biossegurança da Universidade Ártica da Noruega. Gabriel Fernandes - Engenheiro agrônomo e assessor técnico do Centro de Tecnologias Alternativas da Zona da Mata. Renato Cardoso - Professor do programa de pós-graduação em Direito e em Neurociência da UFMG. Leonardo Melgarejo - engenheiro agrônomo que já foi representante do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário na CTNBio. Francisco Aragão - engenheiro agrônomo da Embrapa e doutor em Ciências Biológicas (UnB). Criador do feijão transgênico.

• Kyutai è un progetto privato e non profit che mira a promuovere lo sviluppo e la ricerca sull'Intelligenza Artificiale, presentato presso Station F, il principale incubatore di startup francese, il 17 novembre. I tre co-fondatori sono Xavier Niel (CEO di Iliad), Rodolphe Saadé (presidente di CMA CGM) ed Eric Schmidt (ex CEO di Google). Iliad ha investito 100 milioni di euro, CMA CGM altri 100 milioni, e la fondazione di Eric Schmidt e altri investitori ha contribuito con ulteriori 100 milioni. Jen-Hsun Huang, co-fondatore e CEO di Nvidia, ha fornito supporto tecnologico cruciale. Il presidente Emmanuel Macron ha sottolineato l'importanza dell'open source e della regolamentazione nell'Intelligenza Artificiale. La presentazione ha incluso interventi e panel sull'Intelligenza Artificiale, con il supporto tecnologico di Nvidia e Scaleway di Iliad;• Durante il Torino Film Festival odierno, verrà presentato "Cassandra", il primo cortometraggio frutto della collaborazione tra intelligenze umane e artificiali. In anteprima, è possibile visionare il trailer in esclusiva, mentre il film completo sarà accessibile su RaiPlay. Il 28 novembre, il cortometraggio sarà proiettato presso la Scuola Holden di Torino e sarà parte di una masterclass sull'intelligenza artificiale durante il Talents and Short Film Market, evento organizzato da A.I.A.C.E. e partner fondatore di TFI Torino Film Industry. Questo lavoro cinematografico è stato realizzato dalla Scuola Holden in collaborazione con Rai Cinema, sotto la direzione di Riccardo Milanesi di Holden.ai Storylab;•Un ambizioso progetto promosso dalla Global Forest Biodiversity Initiative, coinvolgendo oltre 150 scienziati e sfruttando la potenza dell'intelligenza artificiale, ha migliorato la comprensione delle foreste globali e la necessità di proteggerle. Tre studi, pubblicati su Nature e Nature Plants, affrontano questioni cruciali legate all'ecologia forestale. Il primo, su Nature ad agosto, esplora l'invasione di alberi non autoctoni, rilevando che fattori climatici e attività umane incidono sulla gravità dell'invasione. Il secondo, pubblicato su Nature, valuta il potenziale globale di carbonio delle foreste, indicando che il 61% si trova in aree esistenti, sottolineando l'importanza della protezione e gestione sostenibile. Infine, uno studio su Nature Plants ad ottobre indaga la variazione globale nel tipo di foglia degli alberi, offrendo informazioni cruciali sui cambiamenti climatici futuri. Il professore Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, coautore, sottolinea che nonostante le foreste siano un serbatoio di carbonio cruciale, i cambiamenti antropogenici ne minano la capacità di assorbimento.

Diese Woche geht es darum, wie der Klimawandel Kaffee verändert. Außerdem schauen Anka und Kerstin, wie viel Weltraumschrott so um unsere Erde herumfliegt und wie es um den Grünen Klimafonds steht. Und: Warum sich Sri Lanka um Trockenheit nicht so viele Sorgen machen muss.**********Zusätzliche InformationenAnn-Kathrin Horn und Kerstin Ruskowski **********In dieser Folge:00:00:00 - Warum unser Kaffee bald vielleicht anders schmeckt00:07:05 - Was passiert eigentlich mit Weltraumschrott?00:13:30 - Grüner Klimafonds soll ärmeren Ländern helfen00:16:25 - Was geht: Jahrtausende altes Bewässerungssystem in Sri Lanka00:21:39 - Natursound: Frösche**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Aus diesen Ländern bekommt Deutschland KaffeeStudie zu neuen Anbaugebieten für Kaffee, Cashews und AvocadosWasserverbrauch Kaffee-AnbauStudie zu Liberica, aus Nature Plants, vom 15.12.2022Pressemitteilung US-Kommunikationsbehörde FCC zu WeltraumschrottAlle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.**********Weitere Wissensnachrichten zum Nachlesen: https://www.deutschlandfunknova.de/nachrichten**********Ihr habt Anregungen, Ideen, Themenwünsche? Dann schreibt uns gern unter updateerde@deutschlandfunknova.de.

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Mindestens 50 Treppenstufen pro Tag sorgen für bessere Herz-Gesundheit +++ Oxford war im Mittelalter wohl krimineller Hotspot +++ Darum sind Karotten orange +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Update-Erde-PodcastDaily stair climbing, disease susceptibility, and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A prospective cohort study, Atherosclerosis, 15.9.2023Medieval Murder Maps, University of Cambridge, 28.9.2023Population genomics identifies genetic signatures of carrot domestication and improvement and uncovers the origin of high-carotenoid orange carrots, Nature Plants, 28.9.2023How does mindfulness reduce stress at work? A two-study examination using a stress appraisal perspective, Personality and Individual Differences, Dez. 2023The earliest basketry in southern Europe: Hunter-gatherer and farmer plant-based technology in Cueva de los Murciélagos (Albuñol), Science 27.9.2023**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.

The research, published today in Nature Plants, shows plants have gradually developed their range of anatomical designs throughout the passage of time, punctuated by episodic bursts of innovation to overcome and adapt to environmental challenges. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

References Plant Biochemistry lectures archives :Guerra Phys.Chem. Chem. Phys., 2020,22, 7912-7934 Nature Plants 2017. volume 3, Article number:17041 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message

Pflanze „frisst“ Sonne, Tier frisst Pflanze, Tier frisst Tier. So kennen wir das, so soll das sein. Dass die Biologie so ist, wie sie ist und sich nicht an solche Regeln hält irritierte schon Carl von Linné, seines Zeichens Biologie-Superstar, vor über 250 Jahren. Erst 100 Jahre später wagte sich Charles Darwin — ebenfalls Biologie-Superstar — wissenschaftlich fundiert zu postulieren: „Pflanze frisst Tier“ ist sehr wohl möglich. Mittlerweile zweifelt keiner mehr daran, dass es Pflanzen gibt, die sich von Tieren ernähren. Aber warum ist das so? Was bringt einen Organismus, der seine Energie aus der Fotosynthese gewinnt dazu, aufwendige Fangmethoden zu entwickeln, um Tiere zu erbeuten? Wir tauchen in dieser Folge tief in die Grundlagen des Stoffwechsels ein und beleuchten die Biologie der faszinierenden fleischfressenden Pflanzen, die viele von uns sicherlich schon im Kinderzimmer stehen hatten. Warum hinter diesen Organismen mehr steckt als ein nettes Geschenk für Kinder, welche grandiosen Fangmethoden sie entwickelt haben und inwiefern von ihnen Gefahr für uns ausgeht: Darum gehts in Folge bp42. QuellenSpencer, Edmund (26–28 April 1874). "Crinoida Dajeeana, The Man-eating Tree of Madagascar" (PDF). New York World.Rost, K., & Schauer, R. (1977). Physical and chemical properties of the mucin secreted by Drosera capensis. Phytochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88783-XCatapulting Tentacles in a Sticky Carnivorous Plant (Videos der Katapult-Tentakel): https://naturedocumentaries.org/5072/catapulting-tentacles-carnivorous-plant-hartmeyer-2012/Suda, H. et al. (2020). Calcium dynamics during trap closure visualized in transgenic Venus flytrap. Nature Plants. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-00773-1Forterre, Y. et al. (2005). How the Venus flytrap snaps. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03185Chase, M. W.  et al. (2009). Murderous plants: Victorian Gothic, Darwin and modern insights into vegetable carnivory. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01014.xCross, A. T. et al. (2022). Capture of mammal excreta by Nepenthes is an effective heterotrophic nutrition strategy. Annals of Botany. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcac134BildquellenCoverbild: NoahElhardt, Drosera capensis bend, CC BY-SA 3.0Sonnentau: Denis Barthel, DroseraPeltataLamina, CC BY-SA 3.0Kannenpflanze: Alex Lomas, Nepenthes maxima × sanguinea (2943627683), CC BY 2.0Saugfallen: Liliane ROUBAUDI, Utricularia australis traps (03), CC BY-SA 2.0 FRVenusfliegenfalle: Tippitiwichet, Venus Flytrap 020, CC BY 2.0Support the show--------------Wer uns unterstützen möchte (Danke!), hat hier die Möglichkeit dazu: support.biophonpodcast.de

Today, nearly 2 billion people suffer from vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Labeled as the ‘hidden hunger', this puts them at greater risk of infection, lower cognitive function, and leads to 1 million  premature deaths. A new study published in the journal Nature Plants reports that there are 1,044 edible plant species that show promise as key sources of B vitamins. I speak with the lead author of the study, PhD student Aoife Cantwell-Jones, about their findings. She also shares some fun stories from her current work on expedition in the Arctic circle, where she studies bumblebees and plants in the wild! Learn more about her research on Twitter at @aoifecj  #PlantDiversity #ClimateChange #bumblebees #Vitamins #Nutrients #Podcast

In this episode, Divya talks to Dr. Johan Oldekop. Johan is a senior lecturer at the Global Development Institute at the University of Manchester. He conducts interdisciplinary research and uses large-scale publicly available datasets to understand tradeoffs and synergies between conservation and development outcomes. In this conversation, they primarily focused on Johan's work on the impact evaluation of the zero hunger program in Brazil and his parallel research exploring the links between forests and livelihoods in the global south. For both these projects, Johan conducted large-scale research and worked with big datasets. As we discussed these projects, it was interesting to learn what working on a large scale with big datasets looks like, including its advantages and also some of the key limitations. Johan shared that in his research on the impact evaluation of the zero hunger program, a program that was implemented to meet the sustainable development goal of reducing hunger in Brazil, he found that in addition to addressing hunger, the program also improves households' access to nutrition and address the supply chain issues of agriculture production. Johan emphasized that it is important to evaluate and understand the multidimensional impacts of social protection programs so they can be implemented to their fullest potential and yield maximum benefits. For his research on exploring forest-livelihood linkages in the global south, Johan's research showed that forest management and restoration programs that prioritized community rights are more likely to reduce deforestation and poverty and eventually align with global goals for climate mitigation, environmental justice, and sustainable development. Divya and Johan wrapped up the conversation with a discussion on Johan's upcoming research project, which aims to examine the drivers of reforestation and sustainable forest transitions in India, Nepal, Brazil, and Mexico. References: Oldekop, J. A., Holmes, G., Harris, W. E., & Evans, K. L. (2016). A global assessment of the social and conservation outcomes of protected areas. Conservation Biology, 30(1), 133-141. Oldekop, J. A., Sims, K. R., Karna, B. K., Whittingham, M. J., & Agrawal, A. (2019). Reductions in deforestation and poverty from decentralized forest management in Nepal. Nature Sustainability, 2(5), 421-428. Hajjar, R., Oldekop, J. A., Cronkleton, P., Newton, P., Russell, A. J., & Zhou, W. (2021). A global analysis of the social and environmental outcomes of community forests. Nature Sustainability, 4(3), 216-224. Oldekop, J. A., Rasmussen, L. V., Agrawal, A., Bebbington, A. J., Meyfroidt, P., Bengston, D. N., … & Wilson, S. J. (2020). Forest-linked livelihoods in a globalized world. Nature Plants, 6(12), 1400-1407. Erbaugh, J. T., & Oldekop, J. A. (2018). Forest landscape restoration for livelihoods and well-being. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 32, 76-83. Oldekop, J. A., Chappell, M. J., Peixoto, F. E. B., Paglia, A. P., do Prado Rodrigues, M. S., & Evans, K. L. (2015). Linking Brazil's food security policies to agricultural change. Food Security, 7, 779-793.

Jack and Shobita chat about the disasters in British politics, the CHIPS and Science Act, and how to determine whether self-driving cars are safe. Plus we chat with anthropologist Glenn Davis Stone, Professor at Sweet Briar College and author of the recent book The Agricultural Dilemma: How Not to Feed the World. Stone argues that we've been learning the story of the Green Revolution all wrong, and this has huge implications for how we think about more recent agricultural technologies like fertilizer and genetically modified organisms.Links related to the episode:Dan Reed and Darío Gil (2022). "Insufficient NSF funding could doom the Chips and Science Act." The Hill. October 13.Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation (2022). "Responsible Innovation in Self-Driving Vehicles."Glenn Davis Stone (2022). The Agricultural Dilemma: How Not to Feed the World. Routledge.Glenn Davis Stone (2022). "Surveillance Agriculture and Peasant Autonomy." Journal of Agrarian Change.Glenn Davis Stone (2020). "A Long-term Analysis of a Controversial GMO Crop." Nature Plants. March 13.Glenn Davis Stone (2020). "The Philippines has rated ‘Golden Rice' safe, but farmers might not plant it." The Conversation. February 7.Study Questions:How is the CHIPS and Science Act being framed in the United States?What are the problems with the conventional tale of the Green Revolution?Why has the myth of the Green Revolution been so persistent?What is the problem with GMOs, and specifically BT crops, in India?How have publics gotten more involved in the decisions of the agricultural system? What are the impacts?

Many students ask us what A Course in Miracles has to say about plants and animals? If the world around us is an illusion, what does that mean for nature? Should we just ignore it? We usually assume that humans have great worth and intelligence, but we don't tend to grant that same assumption to plants and animals. In light of this, when the Course talks about animals, plants, and even grains of sand and waves on the ocean, it offers us a surprisingly different perspective. In this fascinating conversation, Robert Perry and Emily Bennington ask us to consider the concept of all living things being an honored part of the Sonship, and how this can help us heal a world that is in desperate need of healing.

我们常说的“铁树开花”中，铁树的学名便是苏铁。苏铁是地球上现存最古老的种子植物，是著名的“活化石”植物。它的起源可以追溯到大约3亿年前，在侏罗纪时代达到最盛期，曾与恐龙一起称霸整个地球。近日，华大联合多家科研单位完成苏铁基因组解析工作，发布苏铁完整基因组图谱。4月18日，《自然-植物》（Nature Plants）以封面文章发表该研究成果。本次发布的苏铁基因组，代表着种子植物基因组演化研究中的最后一块拼图已顺利完成。

In dense tropical forests in Sierra Leone, scientists have rediscovered a coffee species not seen in the wild in decades — a plant they say may help secure the future of a valuable commodity that has been imperiled by climate change. The researchers said that the species, called Coffea stenophylla, possesses greater tolerance for higher temperatures than Arabica coffee, which makes up 56% of global production, or robusta coffee, which makes up 43%. The stenophylla coffee, they added, was demonstrated to have a superior flavor, similar to Arabica. Botanist Aaron Davis, who led the study published April 19 in the journal Nature Plants, said stenophylla was farmed in parts of West Africa and exported to Europe until the early 20th century before being abandoned as a crop after robusta's introduction. Many farmers throughout the world's coffee-growing belt already are experiencing climate change's negative effects — an acute concern for the multibillion-dollar industry. Arabica's flavor is rated as superior and brings higher prices than robusta, which is mainly used for instant coffee and coffee blends. But Arabica has limited resilience to climate change and research has shown its global production could fall by at least 50% by mid-century. Stenophylla grows at a mean annual temperature of 24.9 degrees Celsius — 1.9 degrees higher than robusta coffee and up to 6.8 C higher than Arabica coffee, the researchers said. The stenophylla rediscovery, Davis said, may help in the “future-proofing” of the coffee industry, which supports the economies of several tropical countries and provides livelihoods for more than 100 million farmers. While 124 coffee species are known, Arabica and robusta comprise 99% of consumption. “The idea is that stenophylla could be used, with minimum domestication, as a high-value coffee for farmers in warmer climates,” said Davis, head of coffee research at Britain's Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (Reuters) To be continued… This article was provided by The Japan Times Alpha.

To mark 50 episodes on the podcast, I share my own evolving thoughts on food. I reflect on the state of agriculture and on what sustainability might mean in the food movement today. My experience over the last half decade engaging with the food movement has been that debates are all too often reduced to soundbites on social media. Complex arguments are reduced to 280 characters on Twitter, angry posts on Facebook, and rants on YouTube. We're talking past each other. That's unhelpful.  By sharing my thoughts, I hope to encourage more honest, open and nuanced discussions with whoever is listening.  In this episode, I briefly discuss: The failed promises of industrial agriculture The winners and losers of our food system Food sustainability through different lenses Agriculture and humanity's relationship to nature The future of farming through Charles C. Mann's Prophets and Wizards The land sharing land sparing debate Funding: where does all the money flow? Agroecology and its critics The dilemmas of cell-based and plant-based meat   References (in chronological order): World Health Organisation (WHO) - Obesity and Overweight Fact Sheet Lappé, Francis M., Fowler, Carey and Collins, Joseph (1977) Food First: Beyond the Myth of Scarcity White, Allen (2016) - 'Solving the 10,000-Year-Old Problem of Agriculture: An Interview with Wes Jackson' In These Times Online  Jackson, Wes & Berry, Wendell (2011) Nature as Measure: The Selected Essays of Wes Jackson Ritchie, Hannah (2021) 'Cutting down forests: what are the drivers of deforestation?' Our World In Data  United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) (2021) 'Our global food system is the primary driver of biodiversity loss' Mann, Charles C. (2018) The Wizard and the Prophet: Two Remarkable Scientists and Their Dueling Visions to Shape Tomorrow's World. Knopf publishing. Barretto, Alberto & Berndes, Göran & Sparovek, Gerd & Wirsenius, Stefan. (2013). Agricultural intensification in Brazil and its effects on land-use patterns: An analysis of the 1975–2006 period. Global change biology. 19(6). 10.1111/gcb.12174.  Holt-Giménez, Eric & Shattuck, Annie & Altieri, Miguel & Herren, Hans & Gliessman, Steve. (2012) We Already Grow Enough Food for 10 Billion People … and Still Can't End Hunger. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 36. 595-598. Biovision Foundation for Ecological Development & IPES-Food (2020) Money Flows: What is holding back investment in agroecological research for Africa? Biovision Foundation for Ecological Development & International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems De Schutter, Olivier & Vermeylen, Margot (2020) The share of agroecology in Belgian official development assistance: an opportunity missed  Meier, M. S. et al. (2015) Environmental impacts of organic and conventional agricultural products – are differences captured by life cycle assessment?  Journal of Environmental Management 149, 193–207  Van der Werf, H.M.G., Knudsen, M.T. & Cederberg, C. (2020) Towards better representation of organic agriculture in life cycle assessment. Nature Sustainability 3, 419–425  Declaration of the International Forum for Agroecology (2015) Nyéléni, Mali. Via Campesina website IPES-Food (2016) From uniformity to diversity: a paradigm shift from industrial agriculture to diversifed agroecological systems. International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food systems.  Levidow, Les (2016) Agroecological Innovation. International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM).  Cook, C.D., Hamerschlag, K., and Klein, K. (2016) Farming for the Future: Organic and Agroecological Solutions to Feed the World. Friends of the Earth. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2009) 1.02 billion hungry. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2009) The state of food insecurity in the world. Rome, Italy: Economic and Social DevelopmentDepartment Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Reganold, J., Wachter, J. (2016) Organic agriculture in the twenty-first century. Nature Plants 2, 15221  Rodale Institute (2020) The Truth about Organic. Kutztown, PA.  Galloway McLean, Kirsty & Castillo, Ameyali & Rubis, Jennifer. (2011). Indigenous Peoples, Marginalized Populations and Climate Change: Vulnerability, Adaptation and Traditional Knowledge Debal Deb (2009) “Valuing folk crop varieties for agroecology and food security”, Independent Science News (26 October 2009).  United Nations (2015) United Nations General Assembly, Right to Food, UN Doc. A/70/287 Philpott, Stacy & Lin, Brenda & Jha, Shalene & Brines, Shannon. (2008). A multi-scale assessment of hurricane impacts based on land-use and topographic features. Agric Ecosyst Environ. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 128. 12-20.  Rosset, Peter & Sosa, Braulio & Jaime, Adilén & Avila, Rocio. (2011). The Campesino-to-Campesino Agroecology Movement of ANAP in Cuba: Social Process Methodology in the Construction of Sustainable Peasant Agriculture and Food Sovereignty. The Journal of peasant studies. 38. 161-91. Poux, X., Aubert, P.-M. (2018). An agroecological Europe in 2050: multifunctional agriculture for healthy eating. Findings from the Ten Years For Agroecology (TYFA) modelling exercise, Iddri-AScA, Study N°09/18, Paris, France  Fairlie, Simon (2010) Meat: A Benign Extravagance. Permanent Publications, Hampshire, UK.  Carrington, Damian (2019) '$1m a minute: the farming subsidies destroying the world - report' The Guardian.  The Food and Land Use Coalition (2019) Growing Better: Ten Critical Transitions to Transform Food and Land Use. The Global Consultation Report of the Food and Land Use Coalition. You might also like: FFS 000 - Why A Food Podcast? FFS 041 - On the Frontlines of Food FFS 033 - A Case for Eating Meat

Dans ce nouvel épisode de Eat's Business, la revue de presse du Business de la Bouffe, Olivier Frey et Daniel Coutinho reviennent sur le “Coffea stenophylla”, cette variété de café résistante au réchauffement climatique avec la participation de David Nigel Flynn de Cafés Belleville, sur la composition des repas dans la station spatiale internationale, ainsi que sur un nouveau record de consommation de viande prévu pour 2021.Dans cet épisode, sont aussi évoqués l'essoufflement du secteur bio, l'impact des désordres climatiques sur le vin, et les conséquences internationales du changement d'alimentation des animaux chinois. Mauvais temps pour le bioLe Figaro, Coup de froid sur l’eldorado du bio, 25/04/2021Lancé en juin 2018, le programme "Ambition Bio 2022" s’était fixé pour objectif d’arriver à 15 % des surfaces agricoles françaises en agriculture biologique d'ici à 2022. Le ministre de l’Agriculture Julien Denormandie vient tout récemment d’admettre qu’il ne sera pas tenu. D’ailleurs, l’article précise qu'avec la crise, les consommateurs se ruent moins sur les produits bio et que, par conséquent, le rythme des conversions est à surveiller.Ainsi, dans les fruits et légumes, l’interprofession Interfel affirme que “les très nombreuses surfaces qui arrivent en fin de conversion ne sont plus en adéquation avec le tassement des ventes de fruits et légumes bio”. Dans le lait, les deux grandes coopératives Agrial et Sodiaal ont décidé de stopper les nouvelles conversions jusqu’à fin 2021 afin d’avoir “le temps d'absorber les surplus de volumes issus des dernières bascules en bio”. Le président d’Agrial est même catégorique lorsqu’il affirme “nous n'initions plus de conversions car les débouchés ne sont pas là”.Et comme l’explique Sabrina Laroche de chez Kantar Worldpanel, hormis lors du 1er confinement, la hausse des achats de produits bio a été moins forte que sur l'ensemble des produits de grande consommation ». Ceci a eu pour conséquence une stagnation de la part des produits bio dans les achats alimentaires en grandes surfaces en 2020 (à 5,6%).  Au final, comme le résume Laurent Gradin d’Interfel, « la question, c'est de savoir si nous sommes à un palier ou à un plafond ». Une variété de café résistante au réchauffement climatiqueThe Economist, How to save coffee from global warming, 24/04/2021Voilà une bonne nouvelle pour tous les amateurs de café. Et celle-ci se nomme “Coffea stenophylla”.Il faut dire qu’avec le réchauffement climatique l’approvisionnement en café est de plus en plus en difficulté. The Economist nous apprend que le marché actuel du café est dominé par “Coffea arabica”, et “Coffea canephora”, plus communément appelé robusta.L'arabica est originaire des hauts plateaux d'Éthiopie et du Sud-Soudan. Il préfère des températures de 18 à 22°C. À mesure que les températures augmentent, le nombre d’endroits où il peut pousser diminue.Le robusta est originaire d'Afrique centrale et occidentale, et pousse à des altitudes plus basses. On pensait autrefois qu'il était capable de supporter des températures de 30°C, mais des travaux récents suggèrent qu'il ne s'épanouit pas au-dessus de 24°C. Par ailleurs, s’il représente la meilleure alternative à l’arabica, le robusta est tout de même gustativement inférieur.Néanmoins, comme l’explique le Dr Aaron Davis, qui travaille aux Jardins botaniques royaux de Kew, en Grande-Bretagne, on recense 124 espèces de café différentes qui existent à l'état sauvage. Si certaines d'entre elles poussent dans des conditions beaucoup plus sèches et beaucoup plus chaudes que l’arabica, “elles ont un goût dégoûtant”. Ainsi, lorsque ce dernier est tombé sur un article rédigé en 1834 par George Don, un botaniste écossais, mentionnant le “Coffea stenophylla”, cela a suscité son intérêt. Il a notamment découvert que le stenophylla pousse dans certaines régions de la Guinée, de la Sierra Leone et de la Côte d'Ivoire où la température oscille entre 24 et 26 °C. Il semble résistant à la chaleur, mais surtout les experts affirment que sa qualité est similaire à celle de l'arabica. Par conséquent, ce grain de café, que l'on croyait perdu à la fin du siècle dernier, pourrait donc bien sauver les amateurs de café.Pour ceux qui veulent aller plus loin sur le thème du café :le papier publié dans Nature Plants par Aaron Davis et ses co-auteurs est disponible icides statistiques et des graphiques animés que réalisés par Olivier Frey sur le marché mondial du café à découvrir ici pour connaître les principaux pays producteurs, exportateurs et importateurs.  Conséquences des désordres climatiques sur le vinLes Echos, Climat : cinq questions sur le sort promis au vin français, 25/04/2021L’article répond à 5 questions pertinentes suite à l’épisode de gel de ce mois-ci.1. Le gel fait-il plus de dégâts dans la vigne que la grêle ou la sécheresse ? : comme la grêle peut tomber n'importe quand dans l'année, il n'y a pas de solution. La sécheresse est plus structurelle mais les épisodes de chaleur devraient se multiplier. Si la vigne supporte très bien le gel l'hiver jusqu'à moins 20 degrés quand elle est au repos, au printemps le gel est plus compliqué à gérer.2. Une vigne qui a gelé est-elle durablement abîmée ? :il existe des variétés de vigne qui peuvent refaire des bourgeons grâce à des rameaux secondaires mais ceux-ci font moins de fleurs et donc moins de raisins.3. Faut-il changer les cépages ? : sur ce point les mentalités évoluent. 4. Certains cépages sont-ils menacés de disparition ? : certains sont plus fragiles que d’autres car ils sont plus précoces et donc plus exposés au gel de printemps.5. Quelle est l'incidence du réchauffement sur la qualité du vin ? :la chaleur va augmenter le taux de sucre ainsi que le degré d'alcool. Qu'est-ce qu'on mange dans l'espace ?New York Times, It’s Dinner Time on the Space Station. Lobster or Beef Bourguignon?, 22/04/2021Le NYT s’est intéressé aux repas que Thomas Pesquet a emportés avec lui sur la station spatiale internationale. Entre le homard, le bœuf bourguignon, les galettes de pommes de terre aux champignons et les tartelettes aux amandes et aux poires caramélisées, comme l’a bien résumé Thomas Pesquet, “il y a beaucoup d'attentes lorsque vous envoyez un Français dans l'espace”.Comme l’illustre le NYT, les repas en atmosphère ont souvent été le parent pauvre des expéditions spatiales. En 1961, Youri Gagarine avait pour repas un pressé de boeuf réduit en purée ainsi que de la sauce au chocolat mais conditionnés dans des sortes de tubes de dentifrice. Quelques mois plus tard, John Glenn se contentait pour sa part d’avaler de la compote de pommes.Cette année, les astronautes dégusteront des plats préparés par trois institutions culinaires françaises (les chefs Alain Ducasse et Thierry Marx mais également Servair, la société de restauration qui travaille pour Air France). Comme le rappelle le NYT, les astronautes de la station spatiale ne vont pas manger du homard et du bœuf bourguignon tous les jours car ces plats seront réservés aux occasions spéciales comme les anniversaires.La nourriture à destination des expéditions spatiales doit répondre à quelques impératifs :La plupart des aliments sont lyophilisés, l'eau étant extraite, afin de réduire leur taille et leur volume.D'autres aliments sont chauffés à haute température pour tuer les germes, afin qu'ils puissent rester à température ambiante, enfermés dans des boîtes de conserve et des sacs en plastique, pendant quelques années avant d'être consommés.Elle ne doit pas être friable pour ne pas qu’elle se désintègre en morceaux qui pourraient être inhalés ou flotter dans l’air ambiant.Pour la santé des astronautes, les aliments sont généralement pauvres en sodium, en sucre et en graisses.Enfin, l'alcool est interdit, ce qui est, comme le dit bien le NYT, “un défi particulier pour la cuisine française qui fait la part belle au vin”. Parmi les futurs défis alimentaires dans l'espace : la cuisson et la culture de plantes. Cela deviendra crucial pour les missions plus longues, comme les voyages vers Mars, car il n’y aura pas de vaisseaux de ravitaillement. Des records de consommation de viande en 2021...MIT Technology Review, We’re on track to set a new record for global meat consumption, 26/04/2021Un article consacré à la viande qui va un peu à rebours de toute la frénésie autour des protéines végétales et des alternatives à la viande. Il fait notamment écho à l’appel de Bill Gates qui, dans son dernier livre, affirme que “tous les pays riches devraient passer au bœuf synthétique à 100%”.Tout d’abord, l’article rappelle que les terriens devraient manger plus de viande en 2021 que jamais auparavant. La FAO prévoit en effet que la consommation mondiale de viande augmentera de plus de 1% cette année et la croissance la plus rapide se produira dans les pays à revenu faible ou intermédiaire. Mais comme l’explique l’article, “il est peu probable que l'on puisse inverser cette tendance en essayant de détourner les goûts des gens de la viande”. En effet, même si aux États-Unis la consommation de bœuf par habitant a considérablement diminué ces dernières années, elle reste plus élevée que dans presque tous les autres pays.L’article passe ensuite en revue les différentes solutions existantes pour réduire l’impact écologique de la viande dans ce contexte.Si les substituts à la viande, que ce soit à base de protéines végétales ou de viande “cultivée”, semblent intéressants, l’article rappelle que ces alternatives “ne peuvent que modérément réduire la production animale”. En effet, il n'existe tout simplement pas de substituts à base de plantes ou de cellules dont le goût, l'apparence et la sensation sont similaires à ceux des morceaux de viande entiers comme des côtes de porc ou un onglet de boeuf. Et ces morceaux entiers représentent une part importante de la consommation de viande (40% de la consommation de bœuf aux États-Unis, par exemple).L’autre solution à ne pas négliger selon l’article est de trouver le moyen d'élever du bétail sans générer autant d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Des entreprises travaillent déjà sur des méthodes prometteuses permettant aux éleveurs de réduire leurs émissions (voir un exemple dans l’article suivant). Ainsi, selon l’article, l'intensification de la production bovine, par exemple en fournissant des aliments à base de plantes et en augmentant la productivité des pâturages, est l'une des meilleures possibilités de réduire l'utilisation des terres agricoles et les émissions au niveau mondial.Car comme le résume bien l’article “nous ne devons pas fonder nos espoirs sur la perspective de voir des milliards de personnes “arrêter de manger de la viande” d'un seul coup”. Moins de soja et de maïs pour l'alimentation animale en Chine - des conséquences internationalesReuters, Reshaping grain trade? China moves to change animal feed recipes, 21/04/2021La Chine fait désormais la pluie et le beau temps sur les principaux marchés agricoles mondiaux, et notamment sur celui des céréales. La Chine est notamment le premier acheteur mondial de maïs et de soja. Chaque année, la Chine consomme environ 175 millions de tonnes de maïs et importe près de 100 millions de tonnes de soja qui sont utilisés pour l'alimentation animale, selon les données du ministère de l'agriculture.Le ministère de l'agriculture chinois vient de publier de nouvelles directives recommandant de réduire la quantité de maïs et de soja dans l'alimentation des porcs et des volailles, Le ministère a ainsi déclaré que le riz, le manioc, le son de riz, l'orge et le sorgho pouvaient également remplacer le maïs, tandis que la farine de colza, la farine de coton, la farine d'arachide, la farine de tournesol, les drêches de distillerie, la farine de palme, la farine de lin, la farine de sésame et les sous-produits de la transformation du maïs constituaient de bonnes options pour remplacer la farine de soja. Ces nouvelles directives vont donc forcément impacter le flux des céréales au niveau mondial. Mais, selon des analystes, il est difficile de donner des estimations sur le niveau de la baisse de la consommation de maïs et de farine de soja qui fera suite à ces directives. Découvrez l’émission Eat’s Businesshttps://businessofbouffe.com/podcast-eats-business Pour vous abonner à la newsletter Eat’s Businesshttps://businessofbouffe.com/revue-de-presse-eats-business-newsletter 

Learn about how scientists discovered that Venus flytraps can store short-term “memories,” why you shouldn't use real-time updates when waiting for the bus, and how epigenetics can make your DNA change within your lifetime. Venus flytraps store short-term ‘memories’ in their hairs by Grant Currin  Segarra, C. (2020, October 14). How Venus flytraps store short-term ‘memories’ of prey. Science News. https://www.sciencenews.org/article/how-venus-flytraps-store-short-term-memories-prey Suda, H., Mano, H., Toyota, M., Fukushima, K., Mimura, T., Tsutsui, I., Hedrich, R., Tamada, Y., & Hasebe, M. (2020). Calcium dynamics during trap closure visualized in transgenic Venus flytrap. Nature Plants, 6(10), 1219–1224. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-00773 Platt, J. R. (2015, January 22). Venus Flytraps Risk Extinction in the Wild at the Hands of Poachers. Scientific American Blog Network. https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/extinction-countdown/venus-flytraps-risk-extinction-in-the-wild-at-the-hands-of-poachers/ Waiting for the bus? Science says you shouldn't use real-time updates by Kelsey Donk Want to wait less at the bus stop? Beware real-time updates. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-10/osu-wtw101220.php Liu, L., & Miller, H. J. (2020). Does real-time transit information reduce waiting time? An empirical analysis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 141, 167–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.09.014 With Epigenetics, Your DNA Can Change Within Your Lifetime by Ashley Hamer Cath Ennis. (2014, April 25). Epigenetics 101: a beginner’s guide to explaining everything | Cath Ennis. The Guardian; The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/science/occams-corner/2014/apr/25/epigenetics-beginners-guide-to-everything  Rönn, T., Volkov, P., Davegårdh, C., Dayeh, T., Hall, E., Olsson, A. H., Nilsson, E., Tornberg, Å., Dekker Nitert, M., Eriksson, K.-F., Jones, H. A., Groop, L., & Ling, C. (2013). A Six Months Exercise Intervention Influences the Genome-wide DNA Methylation Pattern in Human Adipose Tissue. PLoS Genetics, 9(6), e1003572. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003572  Singh, S., & Li, S. S.-L. (2012). Epigenetic Effects of Environmental Chemicals Bisphenol A and Phthalates. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 13(8), 10143–10153. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms130810143  Suderman, M., Borghol, N., Pappas, J. J., Pinto Pereira, S. M., Pembrey, M., Hertzman, C., Power, C., & Szyf, M. (2014). Childhood abuse is associated with methylation of multiple loci in adult DNA. BMC Medical Genomics, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1755-8794-7-13  ‌Eriksen, K. G., Radford, E. J., Silver, M. J., Fulford, A. J. C., Wegmüller, R., & Prentice, A. M. (2017). Influence of intergenerational in utero parental energy and nutrient restriction on offspring growth in rural Gambia. The FASEB Journal, 31(11), 4928–4934. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201700017r  Kaati, G., Bygren, L., & Edvinsson, S. (2002). Cardiovascular and diabetes mortality determined by nutrition during parents’ and grandparents’ slow growth period. European Journal of Human Genetics, 10(11), 682–688. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200859  Berezow, A. (2014, April 16). End the Hype over Epigenetics & Lamarckian Evolution. Big Think; Big Think. https://bigthink.com/think-tank/end-the-hype-over-epigenetics-lamarckian-evolution  Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Ashley Hamer and Natalia Reagan (filling in for Cody Gough). You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Al Ware (University of Nottingham) and Catriona Walker (University of Leeds) discuss a recent paper published in Nature Plants entitled ‘Auxin export from proximal fruits drives arrest in temporally competent inflorescences’. We chat about auxin, mind-numbing phenotyping and local arrest of flowering. The post Catriona Walker and Al Ware discuss Arresting Flowers appeared first on Weeding the Gems.

中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所金志强研究员团队联合华大基因、法国国际农业研究中心等单位完成并发布了双单倍体香蕉野生种M. balbisiana 的精细基因组图谱。研究发现，香蕉成熟速度、品质、口感等性状均有相应的遗传基础，以上研究成果发表于《Nature Plants》。

This week our friend of the show Esme comes on to take on her special subject of Nature, Plants and Geology, how will she get on?

Craft Brew News – 10/26/18https://www.brewbound.com/news/last-call-canada-lifts-tariff-on-u-s-aluminum-cans-climate-change-effects-on-beer-refutedCanada Lifts Tariff on U.S. Aluminum Cans; Climate Change Effects on Beer RefutedIn response to a shortage of aluminum cans, the Canadian government has lifted a 10 percent tariff on U.S.-made aluminum cans, according to Reuters.Luke Harford, president of trade group Beer Canada, told the outlet that Canadian brewers had faced a shortage of 16 oz. cans, which are only available from U.S.-based suppliers. That forced some companies to halt production for weeks, or delay product launches.Meanwhile, President Donald Trump’s 10 percent tariff on imported aluminum remains in effect.Brewers and Farmers Refute Barley Shortage FearsA recent paper published by 10 international scientists in the Nature Plants journal suggested a barley shortage caused by climate change could cause beer prices to double. The report said heat waves and droughts could lead to barley yield declines of as much as 17 percent while beer production could drop 16 percent.However, Brewers Association (BA) chief economist Bart Watson told NPR that the “study isn’t a great indicator of what is going to happen in the real world” and the study overstates the effects on the beer industry.Dwight Little, president of the Idaho Grain Producers Association, added that climate change is likely to occur slowly, which will give farmers time to adapt and change their planting schedules.Craft Beer Cellar Lawsuit Against Glassdoor Thrown OutA federal court has dismissed a lawsuit filed by Craft Beer Stellar LLC, the franchisor of the Craft Beer Cellar retail outlets, against Glassdoor. In the suit, Craft Beer Stellar argued that anonymous users — possibly franchisees — had unfairly critiqued the company and violated the federal Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, among other claims.According to Massachusetts trial attorney Andrew Caplan, the court tossed out Craft Beer Stellar’s lawsuit, citing the federal Communications Decency Act, which bans lawsuits against website publishers for defamatory statements posted by third parties.A-B’s Natty Light 77-Packs Draw Ire of Maryland ComptrollerMaryland Comptroller Peter Franchot is accusing Anheuser-Busch of promoting binge drinking following the release of specialty 77-packs of Natural Light, which were exclusively sold in College Park, the home of the University of Maryland.“Corporate beer manufacturers claim to care about the public health impacts of alcohol, but the message they send by selling a 77-pack of beer designed to look like a keg in a college town shows they care more about their bottom line than the negative impacts of binge drinking,” Franchot spokesman Alan Brody told the New York Daily News.A-B released the multipacks earlier this month to celebrate the year of the brand’s creation. The packages, which retailed for around $30, quickly sold out.Franchot has drawn headlines in the last couple of years for his advocacy of the state’s craft breweries.Heady Topper is a double India Pale Ale brewed by The Alchemist in Stowe, Vermont. It is unfiltered and contains 8% ABV, with hints of citrus flavors. Unpasteurized, it is kept refrigerated by authorized retailers until point of sale.

It was a big night for Boston supporters, with the Patriots hanging on to win this game, 43-40, and the Red Sox also winning nearby at Fenway Park to even up the ALCS with the Astros. Craig Kimbrel was nearly hit with a beer can coming out of the bullpen at Yankee Stadium last week, so these kinds of ugly and uncalled for displays are not unique to just Boston, of course. But the angry Patriot fans’ contempt for Hill was bred from the Chiefs wide receiver absolutely shredding the New England defense all night. With Hill as his primary weapon, Mahomes went toe-to-toe with Tom Brady down to the final drive, but ultimately came up short. Stephen Gostkowski hit a 28-yard field goal as time expired, and the Patriots ended the Chiefs’ unbeaten streak this season. Tom Brady passed for 340 yards and a touchdown and ran for another score in his 200th victory as a starting quarterback, tops all-time. Brady also passed former teammate Adam Vinatieri for most career wins in the regular season and playoffs combined with 227. Through Vulcan, Allen's network of philanthropic efforts and organizations, the Microsoft co-founder supported research in artificial intelligence and new frontier technologies. The group also invested in Seattle's cultural institutions and the revitalization of parts of the city. Allen owned two professional sports teams, the NFL Seattle Seahawks and NBA Portland Trailblazers. He was also an electric guitarist who occasionally jammed with celebrity musicians including Bono and Mick Jagger, and a huge music fan. He funded and designed the Experience Music Project in Seattle, devoted to the history of rock music and dedicated to his musical hero Jimi Hendrix. (It has since been re-christened the Museum of Pop Culture.) The building was designed by architect Frank Gehry to resemble a melted electric guitar. Vulcan CEO Bill Hilf said, "All of us who had the honor of working with Paul feel inexpressible loss today." A study that claims global warming could harm barley production and raise beer prices relies on a climate projection that’s increasingly been called into question by experts. Probably not very much. That’s because the study’s headline-grabbing results rely on a global warming projection that’s increasingly been called into question by experts. The study, published in the journal Nature Plants on Monday, found that global barley production could drop as much as 17 percent on average under a “business as usual” scenario. That would “result in dramatic regional decreases in beer consumption and increases in beer prices,” the study found. “Although not the most concerning impact of future climate change, climate-related weather extremes may threaten the availability and economic accessibility of beer,” the study’s authors wrote.

Can farmers save the planet? We all know that the weather impacts agriculture, but farmers are also changing the weather. Dr. Nathan Mueller, head of the Mueller Lab and Assistant Professor of Earth System Science at the University of California, Irvine, walks us through cutting edge research on the complex and interesting relationship between agriculture and climate, and some of the powerful ways farmers can steer global environmental change. The Mueller Lab: https://www.ess.uci.edu/~nmueller/people.html Climate Change and Agriculture: https://www.ess.uci.edu/~nmueller/research.html Check back soon for the new study on climate change and the future of the global beer supply! Xie, W, W Xiong, J Pan, T Ali, Q Cui, D Guan, J Meng, ND Mueller, E Lin, and SJ Davis. in press. Decreases in global beer supply due to extreme drought and heat. Nature Plants. Episode Transcript This is the Young Farmers Podcast. I'm Lindsey Lusher Shute. We already know that weather impacts farmers and the food system. So what will the future of farming look like in the face of climate change? To get an answer to that question, I spoke to Dr. Nathan Mueller. He works at the Department of Earth Systems Science at the University of California-Irvine. He's studying this exact topic, how climate change and farming relate to one another, how weather influences farmers, and farmers influence the weather. Hi, I'm Greta Zarro, organic farmer at Unadilla Community Farm and co-leader of the Leatherstocking Young Farmers Coalition in New York State. I'm a member of the National Young Farmers Coalition because NYFC provides me with a platform for connecting with fellow beginning farmers in my region. For $35 a year, you can become a member too. As a member, you're part of a community of beginning small family farms following sustainable and fair practices. And you get discounts too like 10 percent off High Mowing Seeds. To join, go to youngfarmers.org. Lindsey:  And Nathan, what is your area of study? And what do you do? I know your website says the Mueller Lab. That is like a group of researchers working together? Nathan:  So I study, uh, the intersection of agriculture and global environmental change, thinking about land use, biogeochemistry, the climate system. And then I'm also thinking about the ways in which global environmental change is influencing agriculture and farmers. Um, so for example, how changes in climate are influencing crop yields and how we can adapt to those changes in the future. Lindsey:  Can you talk about how climate change is currently impacting agriculture and what we anticipate for, for the future of agriculture? I heard you share one stat that there's going to be an 80 percent loss of maize production by 2080 just in the US, which is pretty incredible. What are we seeing already and what does it look like, uh, going into the future? Nathan:   So that particular stat is an interesting one to start with. There was a paper that came out about 10 years ago now, using statistical models of past weather variability and yields and they projected this potentially very large decline in the productivity of US staple crops, and the conversation has evolved since then talking about statistical modeling, so throwing a bunch of data at the problem, talking about process based modeling, so using our best understanding of how crops grow and how they respond to temperature and radiation and soil moisture. And what we see is that the picture is mixed. I wouldn't say we're confident about that 80 percent number. One thing that is clear is that climate change will pose a greater headwind to crop productivity. It's unlikely, given, especially in the US, given the way that technology advances. So it's unlikely that we'll get net declines, but we might see that increase start to slow in the future. Lindsey: So the productivity gains will not continue on sort of the same trajectory given the increasing challenges of growing food in certain regions. Nathan:  Yeah, you can think of that in line of yields going up. And we actually have some new research coming out soon, fingers crossed, where we've looked at historical trends in climate over the US. And we've had this really interesting thing for corn farmers where kind of moderate temperatures have increased but extreme temperatures have have actually decreased just a little bit in the corn belt, and this seems to actually have given a little bit of a boost to yields, but looking into the future that trajectory may change as warming is projected to increase quite a lot. Lindsey:  That's really interesting. The reduction in extreme temperatures, do you think potentially that's related to some of your other research on how corn and agriculture of some of these commodities is changing the weather? Nathan:  Yeah. So, you know, when we think about climate change our default is to just think about carbon, right? The big greenhouse gas. But there are many different greenhouse gases including nitrous oxide, which, uh, you know, we see released from the use of nitrogen fertilizers for example. But you can also have a regional climate changed by land surface properties. So irrigation, when we have irrigated large swaths of land, that actually can lead to a cooling of daytime maximum temperatures. Think about, you know, when you walk into a lawn that's just been watered or something. It feels nice and cool compared to your pavement. Lindsey:  So this reduction- am i characterizing that right-- it's a reduction in extreme temperatures or sort of moderation because of this irrigated agriculture. And is that just in the midwest that you're seeing that or is that something that's happening outside of the Midwest as well? Nathan:  Right. So is something that's happening globally. Everywhere we have irrigation development, it influences regional climate. In the Midwest, we've seen it in the central valley. In places like the North China Plain and other places where a summer crops have intensified and where irrigation has developed as well. Lindsey:   This irrigation phenomenon in moderating the climate, is this some sort of a bubble...this impact because farmers are in many cases reliant on groundwater and underground aquifers for irrigation? Is this, is this something that you anticipate will not be the case in the future as some of those supplies dwindle? Or do you think that just the techniques, even with rain fed agriculture are so much more advanced than they were at one point that this trend will continue? Nathan:  That's a great question. If we zoom in on the Midwest and of course as you go to the western part of the corn belt in Nebraska and the great plains, you have irrigated crop lands. But farther east, very little irrigated and in those areas to the east, when there's a big drought, that cooling effect goes away. It evaporates, no pun intended. Um, and so yeah, you could think very similarly in the irrigated areas, if your water dries up, this sort of buffering induced by the land surface change is going to go away. In agricultural landscapes, you've got multiple factors influencing that regional climate. One factor, as we were just talking about, can be changes to the land surface. It can be increasing productivity of crop lands and more water use. But then we also have the influence of what we typically think about as global climate change. We have increasing greenhouse gases accumulating in the atmosphere, trapping energy and leading to warming of air temperatures and surface temperatures. So it's kind of the balance of all of those factors that are going to drive climate into the future. And well, I think it's fair to argue that the landscape change has had a big influence, for example, in the Midwest during the summer, the greenhouse gas signal is having a bigger effect during other seasons and at some point is going to lead to warming during the summer for those very extreme temperatures as well in the Midwest. Lindsey:  When you say other seasons, I imagine one of the things that you're talking about would be, for instance, in the Southwest, we're seeing some of what would normally fall into the mountains as snow is coming as rain or the melt is happening sooner, that type of thing? Nathan:   Definitely. Yeah. So winter is warming. In general, nighttime temperatures have been warming more than daytime temperatures and winter temperatures have been waming more than summer temperatures. And I think the snow question is a really interesting one and really critical, especially here in California, we rely so much upon the natural reservoir of snowpack. It's pretty unclear how globally, you know, how much of our food supply is really dependent upon snow melt for water supply and what the vulnerability is in the future. But I would say it's clearly something to worry about. Lindsey:   Right, yeah, our western farmers are pretty concerned in the four corners area in particular just about what the reservoirs are like right now. Um, some of them didn't get any allocation of surface water, river water this year, and they receive like 60 percent of their allocation of storage water that comes from that snow pack and the reservoir is lower going into the fall than it typically is. So that is definitely on the minds of a lot of our farmers thinking about are we going to get enough snow this winter to keep us through next summer? Nathan:  And one thing with that is that, you know, it's not just the average changes but also the changes in extreme events and routes that we're really concerned about, especially multiyear droughts like we had in California recently. When these events happen year after year, it can really influence the financial viability for farmers and um, could end up pushing people out of agriculture, which is something we certainly don't. Lindsey:  Oh yeah, that's absolutely true. You know, we talk about resilience oftentimes when it comes to farmers adapting and being prepared for, um, climate extremes. But there's also like a financial viability as a big part of that as well. Like, can your business make it through those tough seasons? Nathan: Well, I have a great postdoctoral scholar who is just starting to investigate snow melt dependence of irrigated agriculture from a global perspective. Lindsey:  All right, excellent. Nathan:   So we'll let you know what we find out. Lindsey:  You know, with climate change, there's a couple of other elements of it that I'm curious about. Certainly out east this year we had a major hailstorm on our vegetable farm. It was a really extreme storm with like softball size hail that knocked out solar panels that are rated for golf ball sized hail, that kind of thing. I just wonder like are these sort of extreme storms that we're seeing- is this normal or can this also be in any way associated with climate change? Nathan:  One of the projections from the models is in fact that we will see more frequent and severe rain events, in the midwest to the northeast. And so that certainly could be related. There is a growing field within the climate science community called attribution. And the idea is that when we get extreme events that you can actually use the tools of climate science, these global climate models, and use them to characterize what the influence of climate change is on the probability of some event occurring. And as scientists we're always very hesitant to say that anything is definitively because of climate change. What we can say is when something is more likely to have occurred because of climate change. Lindsey:  And I'm wondering too, one of the things that I know we've experienced on our farm has been, um, you know, different pests and disease pressures and whatnot because of, you know, warmer winters. Um, and I'm wondering what do the climate models project in terms of disease pressure and how that is going to change nationally? Is that something that you could speak to? Nathan:  There was just a brand new study that came out in Science which was one of the, uh, I'll say one of the fanciest journals out there, and they did a nice job connecting climate projections with essentially pest prevalence, and they do predict that this will be a major mechanism by which agriculture is effective. Lindsey: This is really an intriguing idea how farmers are impacting the weather. It's a difficult thing for farmers to internalize, right? Like what a responsibility it is to actually have impact on global climate systems. To think about that and take responsibility for that I think is quite important. So I'm just wondering if you can just name all of the ways that farmers are presently impacting weather now and into the future. Nathan:  I guess there are two main mechanisms by which farmers and agriculture in general influence the weather and our climate system. One is by influencing these biophysical mechanisms that we were talking about earlier. So for example, how much water is used on the landscape, irrigation, changes in crop productivity, and land use change. So for example, deforestation. All of these factors influence the climate from that biophysical perspective. And then the other main way that farmers and agriculture influence the climate system is through greenhouse gas emissions. Agriculture in general contributes about 25 percent of greenhouse gas emissions. About half of that is coming from land use change, uh, primarily in the tropics, deforestation and related carbon emissions. And then the other half has to do with kind of on farm management practices as well as livestock. Ruminate livestock commit methane is a greenhouse gas. Um, rice cultivation also releases methane. The use of nitrogen fertilizers releases N2o. And those are some of the big ways in which farmers influence and agriculture and food consumers such as myself influence, uh, the greenhouse gas budget of the world. It's not fair to, you know, I don't think we'd want to put it all on farmers, for some of these are like unavoidable consequences and they are very, I would say, difficult to deal with emissions, compared to changing power plants, etc. Lindsey: When it comes to transition of forested land or prairie land or whatnot, and I guess a lot of this is happening right now in the tropics, can you explain what that means for greenhouse gas emissions or how that impact occurs? Nathan: Yeah. So let's take as an example, Indonesian Rainforest that is being cleared for oil palm. And so they'll come in and clear the land often through burning. And so you release the carbon locked up in the above ground biomass in the trees when you burn, and then when the soil is disturbed, that also releases carbon from the soil. And then in Indonesia, there's another interesting case where you have wetlands soils and when these wetland soils are drained, um, that increases the decomposition of the biomass that's essentially locked up in those soils. And so, um, you can see a lot of emissions from the soils as a result of that. Lindsey: And what about in the Midwestern context? Um, when we see a native native prairie, uh, turned into cultivated land, I suppose as an example. Are there similar greenhouse gas emissions in that scenario? Nathan:  Yeah, exactly. Very similar mechanisms at play where you have a pulse of carbon coming from the above ground biomass and then also when that soil is tilled and worked with, um, you see emissions from below ground as well. In general, there's this enthusiasm about focusing on soil health and how focusing on soil health can actually be a really key way to help solve the climate problem. Specifically the idea that these soils can be made more carbon-rich through management and that that sequestration of carbon can really help. Lindsey:  Do you have a sense of like the scope of such soil health practices that would be required to really play a meaningful role in climate mitigation? Nathan:  You know, I don't have the numbers off the top of my head, but I will say that the researchers that have been doing field studies on this topic, they find that pretty large sequestration rates are possible on cropland and on degraded pastures. And um, and then, you know, when they do back of the envelope calculations to see, you know, how this could scale up, you do get some really large numbers. Um, the majority of countries in the world with the exception of the US have agreed to, um, you know, limit climate warming to two degrees celsius with a more aspirational goal of one and a half degrees. And it turns out that in these models, one of the only ways they can get there is if they assume there's some way in which we're able to actually suck carbon out of the atmosphere. So these are Called negative emissions. And one of the ways that you could get negative emissions is if you produced bioenergy and also capture the carbon and sequestered some of the carbon associated with that bioenergy. Lindsey:   So when you say a bioenergy, it's some sort of replacement fuel to a fossil fuel in addition to having negative emissions? Nathan:  Right. Lindsey: And so negative emissions would be, I guess one way to do that would be soil carbon sequestration? Nathan: Yeah, exactly. It's a little disturbing that, you know, the scenarios that we can come up with that allow us to meet the goals that we have stated for ourselves with climate change. But it's another way of emphasizing the importance of agriculture in all of this, and we'll see how it ends up. Lindsey: Some of your work has been on farmer attitudes on climate change and what makes a farmer associate a particular, um, uh, I guess weather event or weather trend as climate change or not. Could you tell me a little bit about the work you've done on that? Nathan:  Sure. So yeah, I had the opportunity to collaborate with a great researcher at the University of Vermont, Meredith Daniels. So in our specific study we were looking at actually farmers in New Zealand, um, and we were comparing perceptions about how climate was changing to how climate was changing locally in those regions. And so we saw, you know, it was really a mixed bag in that population. One thing that was interesting is that their belief and whether climate change was occurring at the global level was related to their perception of whether they thought that a change was occurring locally, and the farmers were also very accurate in capturing the fact that uh, the winter was warming a quite substantially. Lindsey:   So if the farmers observed local events, they were more likely to believe that global climate change was occurring. Is that correct? Nathan:   Yeah. So, uh, it was actually, if they believe that global climate change was occuring-- Lindsey:   Oh, ok, I'm wrong. It's the other way around-- Nathan:  --they were a bit more likely to perceive the local change. Yeah. Which was really interesting. We also saw that you know, for some of the perceptions, like for example, with the winter warming were certainly right on, which tracks with the fact that who's going to be a better observer of weather and climate than farmers. Lindsey:   So you're finding is that if a farmer believes that global climate change is happening, they would associate weather anomalies or winter warming or whatnot also with that climate belief. Nathan:  Their beliefs were associated with their perceptions of local change for sure. Um, but, uh, some of the perceptions definitely tracked the local changes. And here in the US, um, my understanding of the latest research on this is that across the country a majority of farmers do believe that climate change is happening and is likely to affect them. But, um, there is still less than half that believe it to be anthropogenic. Lindsey:  How much should we use that data in thinking about encouraging and working with farmers to get more of them engaged in these efforts on climate mitigation? Nathan:                     That is a really, really interesting question and I'm not sure I have a perfect answer for you. Uh, but certainly some practices that might be considered an adaptation to climate change may just be also something that's good for the soil. It's good for the bank account and so whether the motivation is fundamentally about climate change or the weather, it may or may not matter as much once you get down to actually just adopting certain practices that are going to be beneficial for the farmer. Lindsey:   Yeah it's something that I've thinking a lot about since hearing experts say that they need farmers to play such an important role, but also knowing that farmers aren't necessarily aware of what's expected of them or hoped for their practices. And I feel like there's a sort of a fundamental disconnect there, broad scale or maybe just on farm scale. Like what are the top things that could change, particularly with US agriculture, that would really make a significant difference? New Speaker:  Yeah. So I think all this research coming out about soil carbon sequestration is really key. We also see that nitrous oxide is emissions from nitrogen fertilizer use, but inorganic and organic sources, of course. We also see nitrous oxide from organic nitrogen sources. Managing nitrogen, increasing nitrogen use efficiency, promoting precision agricultural technology are all means by which we can help reduce those emissions. One way that we can influence greenhouse gas emissions as food consumers is through how much room and meat we consume. And this becomes a little tricky. I think it's hard too because, you know, I have relatives that raise cattle and there are livelihoods and cultures, uh, associated with meat production. And so I don't know, it's a hard conversation to have. Lindsey:   So some of that is reducing meat consumption, but also, we have more people, right? So if we even just stay at the level we're at now, that's less meat per person. New Speaker:  The key thing here is like if in the developed countries, our diets are a little bit less than intensive, you know, we also have massive population growth, massive increases in the richness of diets. In the developing world, increasing meat and dairy consumption. So I don't think we're talking about like a net negative decline in meat and dairy globally, by any means. But at least, that is a lever that can be pulled on to have an influence. Lindsey:  And I know this isn't your specific area of study, but when you say ruminant agriculture, there is a difference between ruminants that are grown in a confinement situation and those that are raised on pasture in terms of methane emissions. Nathan:  Yeah. So I'm not familiar with all of the details of that work. I know that it matters, you know, what the rates of emissions are. And there was some recent work suggesting that the grass-fed impacts are actually a little bit larger. Lindsey:  Because of the length of time to raise a given animal. Nathan:  Exactly. Yeah. So I think one bigger picture thing that I've found since getting into this topic from an academic perspective is that it's difficult because we all come from different backgrounds and have different ideas about, you know, what we think sustainable looks like or ought to look like, and you find yourself sort of humbled over and over where you know, you realize maybe your perceptions weren't right and you have to reevaluate in the face of evidence. You know, for example, in the case of this greenhouse gas emissions of grass fed cattle thing, it was a surprise to me. Lindsey:   Is there a tendency to just look at all of that carbon emissions narrowly too, as opposed, you know, like you think of a pasture based system as being very healthy for the ecosystem as well, that it supports, whereas a confinement operation is dramatically altering that ecosystem to support growth of animals and livestock. So I think it's really interesting to see what that carbon balance is, but what is being missed in that conversation? Nathan: That's a great point. Yeah. Even though we, you know, need to bring numbers to bear on all of these issues, it's really important not to look too narrowly and to consider all of the dimensions of the system, all of the services that are being produced by that landscape, and the impacts of how it's managed. And in research about ecosystem services as a little subfield of environmental science where we're talking about how the services provided to humans of different landscapes-- they often have these plots that are like flower petals. And each petal encompasses some dimension that we care about. So you know, one could be greenhouse gas emissions, one could be biodiversity for example. Something that's nice about that is you get this nice visual picture of how these different landscapes compare. You can see what it looks like and not just go down to one particular axis but look at a bunch of different outcomes together and that's a nice framing to keep in mind. Lindsey:  There is so much complexity to all of this and I think there is no choice but to embrace that complexity. Right? Because ignoring any part of it, I think-- Nathan:  Exactly, I think that's very true. Lindsey:  You know, not just this narrow sort of carbon balance equation when you're thinking about um, raising livestock, but also just like thinking about how we get more farmers engaged in climate mitigation. We're like attitudes and cultural beliefs and you know, regional practices, etc. like how that plays into economic variables and I don't know, the list goes on and on and on. But yeah, these are the conversations we need to be having and as challenging as they may be, because the climate impacts, it's happening now. Nathan: Absolutely. Lindsey:  Nathan, thank you so much for joining us today. I learned a lot. Nathan:  Thanks so much for having me. Lindsey:  Thanks so much for your time. Dr. Mueller, thank you so much for being on the show and for explaining so much. I have to mention that Nathan Mueller is also a coauthor on a new paper on the impacts of climate change on the global beer supply. We will link to that paper in the show notes as well as some of his other research. If you like what we're doing here on this show, please leave us a note on iTunes. It really does help more people find the pod. This show is edited by Hannah Beal and recorded with the generous help of Radio Kingston. See you next week.

"George Soros non detterà le lineee politiche all’Italia” Mentre la nave Aquarius dell'Ong Sos Mediterranee e due unità militari italiane con a bordo 629 migranti stanno entrando nel Canale di Sicilia, destinazione Valencia, una nave della Marina militare americana è in attesa di indicazioni per sapere come comportarsi con i 41 migranti e i 12 cadaveri recuperati martedì sera dopo un naufragio al largo delle coste libiche. Malta prosegue il silenzio, mentre la Ong tedesca Sea Watch chiede l’intervento delle autorità italiane. Stamani intanto è sbarcata a Catania la nave Diciotti della Guardia Costiera con a bordo 937 migranti. L'Italia continua dunque a mostrare tutta la sua umanità e determinazione nel salvataggio di vite umane, contro ogni forma di mistificazione della realtà. "Non è possibile che istituzioni private finanziate da chissà chi possano imporre tempi e modi dell'immigrazione", dichiara il ministro degli Interni, Matteo Salvini al Senato, dopo avere annunciato che i finanziamenti alle ong saranno oggetto di una prossima informativa. Salvini ha sottolineato: "Io adoro ogni tipo di generosità, ma quando leggo che dietro qualche organismo c'è la Open society di George Soros qualche dubbio inizia a venirmi su quanto sia spontanea questa generosità”.A Parigi piacciono le armi Braccio di ferro Roma - Parigi. Il ministro dell’Economia Tria annulla il viaggio nella capitale francese previsto per oggi e l'incontro con l’omologo Le Maire. Il ministro degli Esteri, Enzo Moavero Milanesi, convoca alla Farnesina l’ambasciatore francese con una nota dai toni piuttosto duri: "Consideriamo inaccettabili le parole usate nelle dichiarazioni di Parigi” Di più: "Simili dichiarazioni stanno compromettendo le relazioni tra Italia e Francia. I toni impiegati sono ingiustificabili, tenuto conto che da molti mesi ormai il nostro Paese ha pubblicamente denunciato l’insostenibilità dell’attuale situazione di latitanza di un approccio coordinato e coeso a livello europeo circa la gestione dei flussi migratori, rispetto ai quali l’Italia non si è mai tirata indietro.” Il vice premier Matteo Salvini, intervenendo al Senato, ha esortato la Francia a farsi carico dei 9mila migranti che si era impegnata ad accogliere nel piano di redistribuzione previsto dalla Ue. Parigi, ha sottolineato il capo del Viminale, ha accolto solo 340 migranti. Ci accusano di cinismo - ha aggiunto Salvini - ma dal 1 gennaio al 31 maggio Parigi ha respinto alle frontiere 10.249 persone, comprese donne e bambini disabili”. Ricordiamo che un anno fa Parigi ha emesso un ordine di vendita di 455 milioni di euro in armi all’Arabia Saudita, ordine confermato ed ampliato di recente. Servono bombe per lo Yemen, il paese più povero al mondo. Lì, nello stretto di Aden, ci sono 22 milioni di persone che hanno bisogno di aiuti umanitari da tre anni ma non c'è nessuna nave di nessuna ong pronta a portare via dall’inferno gli yemeniti. Nessuna nave pronta a salvare gli yemeniti Nel totale silenzio mediatico e politico, la coalizione guidata dall'Arabia Saudita e appoggiata dagli Stati Uniti ha avviato l'offensiva per conquistare la città di Hudaydah principale punto di accesso dello Yemen e il più grande porto del mar Rosso, fortemente strategico per l'esercito yemenita. Da questa mattina proseguono i raid aerei sulla città di Hudaydah, che conta 600mila abitanti. Il distretto sud è già caduto, mentre la resistenza Houthi tenta di attaccare una nave saudita. L’aggressione saudita, finora, è costata la vita a 11mila yemeniti, 2230 bambini e 1698 donne. I bombardamenti contro le aree residenziali hanno provocato 22.215 feriti, compresi 3248 minori, 2645 donne e 2081 disabili. Nello Yemen, paese con una popolazione di 29 milioni di persone, più di 22 milioni hanno bisogno di assistenza umanitaria e di questi, 11,3 si trovano in condizione di grave bisogno. 17,8 milioni di persone soffrono di insicurezza alimentare e questo dato è destinato a peggiorare, dal momento che l’escalation dei combattimenti nella zona del porto di Hudaydah blocca l’ingresso di aiuti nel paese: da qui passano il 70% dei rifornimenti alimentari, oltre che medicine e altri beni essenziali per salvare la vita di milioni di persone allo stremo. A completare il quadro, oltre 16 milioni di persone nel paese devono sopravvivere con acqua sporca, con metà delle strutture sanitarie distrutte, senza accesso ai servizi sanitari di base. Un dato che ha contribuito all’esplosione della più grave epidemia di colera della storia recente che, dopo aver contagiato oltre 1,1 milioni di persone e causato 2.200 vittime, continua a diffondersi tra la popolazione. Muore il baobab, fonte di vita per l’Africa Nove dei tredici alberi più antichi del continente africano sono morti dal 2006 a oggi. E' quanto emerge da una ricerca pubblicata sul Nature Plants da un gruppo di ricercatori internazionali che individuano nel cambiamento climatico, sempre più rapido nella regione australe dell’Africa, la possibile causa di questa scomparsa. Per Adrian Patrut, co-autore dello studio “Statisticamente parlando, è praticamente impossibile che un numero simile di grossi e vecchi baobab muoia in così poco tempo per cause naturali”. I baobab esaminati hanno un’età che va dai 1100 ai 2500 anni. Alcuni sono talmente legati simbolicamente alle loro comunità da avere un nome, come Panke, nello Zimbabwe, di 2450 anni, o l'albero di Platland, in Sudafrica, con un tronco che supera i 10 metri di diametro. I baobab è un albero sacro per molte tribù e luogo di riunione intorno al quale si sviluppa la vita dei villaggi africani; rappresenta, soprattutto, una fonte essenziale di vita: è un’enorme riserva d’acqua, produce frutti che nutrono animali, oltre che esseri umani, e permette a moltissimi uccelli di nidificare. Le sue foglie sono usate come vegetale commestibile ma anche per preparare medicine tradizionali e la corteccia serve a creare corde, ceste e vestiti. Il cambiamento climatico, un’altra rapina dell’Occidente ai danni del Sud del mondo. Lula: impedita la visita all'emissario del Papa All'avvocato argentino Juan Gabrois e consulente dell'ex Pontificio Consiglio della Giustizia e della Pace, e' stato impedito, dalla polizia federale di Curitiba, di incontrare il leader brasiliano Ignacio Lula da Silva. Il Vaticano smentisce l’intenzione di far pervenire all’ex presidente brasiliano, in carcere da due mesi, una missiva di Papa Francesco. Ma conferma la consegna di un rosario. In ogni caso, sostiene il noto sito d’informazione brasiliano Brasil 24/7, “Si tratta di un incidente che potrebbe creare avere gravi riscontri diplomatici. Lula, prosegue il portale brasiliano, resta il leader cattolico piu' amato nella storia del Brasile, mentre Temer e' il piu' odiato". Brasil 24/7 cita, tra l’altro, con chiaro riferimento alla situazione politica brasiliana, una recente omelia di Papa Francesco che condanna "i colpi di stato sponsorizzati dai media conservatori”. Nonostante le accuse di corruzione, Lula rimane in testa come favorito per le presidenziali in tutti i sondaggi condotti da 8 diversi istituti di opinione. Mosca promette rappresaglia contro le nuove sanzioni USA A poche ore dall’apertura dei mondiali di calcio, Mosca è pronta a misure di ritorsione contro le nuove sanzioni statunitensi che colpiscono cinque società e tre individui russi. Sanzioni motivate dal Dipartimento del Tesoro USA con presunte "attività cyber maligne” e collaborazione con forze armate e servizi segreti di Mosca. Secca la risposta del vice ministro degli Esteri russo, Sergey Ryabkov: "Implementeremo le misure contro quei candidati americani che eccellono nelle loro politiche aggressive anti-russe e che ostacolano la normalizzazione dei rapporti bilaterali”. Ryabkov ha inoltre sottolineato che la miglior risposta di Mosca "alla politica illegale di sanzioni dell'Amministrazione Trump” sarà la promozione dello sviluppo economico.

"George Soros non detterà le lineee politiche all’Italia” Mentre la nave Aquarius dell'Ong Sos Mediterranee e due unità militari italiane con a bordo 629 migranti stanno entrando nel Canale di Sicilia, destinazione Valencia, una nave della Marina militare americana è in attesa di indicazioni per sapere come comportarsi con i 41 migranti e i 12 cadaveri recuperati martedì sera dopo un naufragio al largo delle coste libiche. Malta prosegue il silenzio, mentre la Ong tedesca Sea Watch chiede l’intervento delle autorità italiane. Stamani intanto è sbarcata a Catania la nave Diciotti della Guardia Costiera con a bordo 937 migranti. L'Italia continua dunque a mostrare tutta la sua umanità e determinazione nel salvataggio di vite umane, contro ogni forma di mistificazione della realtà. "Non è possibile che istituzioni private finanziate da chissà chi possano imporre tempi e modi dell'immigrazione", dichiara il ministro degli Interni, Matteo Salvini al Senato, dopo avere annunciato che i finanziamenti alle ong saranno oggetto di una prossima informativa. Salvini ha sottolineato: "Io adoro ogni tipo di generosità, ma quando leggo che dietro qualche organismo c'è la Open society di George Soros qualche dubbio inizia a venirmi su quanto sia spontanea questa generosità”.A Parigi piacciono le armi Braccio di ferro Roma - Parigi. Il ministro dell’Economia Tria annulla il viaggio nella capitale francese previsto per oggi e l'incontro con l’omologo Le Maire. Il ministro degli Esteri, Enzo Moavero Milanesi, convoca alla Farnesina l’ambasciatore francese con una nota dai toni piuttosto duri: "Consideriamo inaccettabili le parole usate nelle dichiarazioni di Parigi” Di più: "Simili dichiarazioni stanno compromettendo le relazioni tra Italia e Francia. I toni impiegati sono ingiustificabili, tenuto conto che da molti mesi ormai il nostro Paese ha pubblicamente denunciato l’insostenibilità dell’attuale situazione di latitanza di un approccio coordinato e coeso a livello europeo circa la gestione dei flussi migratori, rispetto ai quali l’Italia non si è mai tirata indietro.” Il vice premier Matteo Salvini, intervenendo al Senato, ha esortato la Francia a farsi carico dei 9mila migranti che si era impegnata ad accogliere nel piano di redistribuzione previsto dalla Ue. Parigi, ha sottolineato il capo del Viminale, ha accolto solo 340 migranti. Ci accusano di cinismo - ha aggiunto Salvini - ma dal 1 gennaio al 31 maggio Parigi ha respinto alle frontiere 10.249 persone, comprese donne e bambini disabili”. Ricordiamo che un anno fa Parigi ha emesso un ordine di vendita di 455 milioni di euro in armi all’Arabia Saudita, ordine confermato ed ampliato di recente. Servono bombe per lo Yemen, il paese più povero al mondo. Lì, nello stretto di Aden, ci sono 22 milioni di persone che hanno bisogno di aiuti umanitari da tre anni ma non c'è nessuna nave di nessuna ong pronta a portare via dall’inferno gli yemeniti. Nessuna nave pronta a salvare gli yemeniti Nel totale silenzio mediatico e politico, la coalizione guidata dall'Arabia Saudita e appoggiata dagli Stati Uniti ha avviato l'offensiva per conquistare la città di Hudaydah principale punto di accesso dello Yemen e il più grande porto del mar Rosso, fortemente strategico per l'esercito yemenita. Da questa mattina proseguono i raid aerei sulla città di Hudaydah, che conta 600mila abitanti. Il distretto sud è già caduto, mentre la resistenza Houthi tenta di attaccare una nave saudita. L’aggressione saudita, finora, è costata la vita a 11mila yemeniti, 2230 bambini e 1698 donne. I bombardamenti contro le aree residenziali hanno provocato 22.215 feriti, compresi 3248 minori, 2645 donne e 2081 disabili. Nello Yemen, paese con una popolazione di 29 milioni di persone, più di 22 milioni hanno bisogno di assistenza umanitaria e di questi, 11,3 si trovano in condizione di grave bisogno. 17,8 milioni di persone soffrono di insicurezza alimentare e questo dato è destinato a peggiorare, dal momento che l’escalation dei combattimenti nella zona del porto di Hudaydah blocca l’ingresso di aiuti nel paese: da qui passano il 70% dei rifornimenti alimentari, oltre che medicine e altri beni essenziali per salvare la vita di milioni di persone allo stremo. A completare il quadro, oltre 16 milioni di persone nel paese devono sopravvivere con acqua sporca, con metà delle strutture sanitarie distrutte, senza accesso ai servizi sanitari di base. Un dato che ha contribuito all’esplosione della più grave epidemia di colera della storia recente che, dopo aver contagiato oltre 1,1 milioni di persone e causato 2.200 vittime, continua a diffondersi tra la popolazione. Muore il baobab, fonte di vita per l’Africa Nove dei tredici alberi più antichi del continente africano sono morti dal 2006 a oggi. E' quanto emerge da una ricerca pubblicata sul Nature Plants da un gruppo di ricercatori internazionali che individuano nel cambiamento climatico, sempre più rapido nella regione australe dell’Africa, la possibile causa di questa scomparsa. Per Adrian Patrut, co-autore dello studio “Statisticamente parlando, è praticamente impossibile che un numero simile di grossi e vecchi baobab muoia in così poco tempo per cause naturali”. I baobab esaminati hanno un’età che va dai 1100 ai 2500 anni. Alcuni sono talmente legati simbolicamente alle loro comunità da avere un nome, come Panke, nello Zimbabwe, di 2450 anni, o l'albero di Platland, in Sudafrica, con un tronco che supera i 10 metri di diametro. I baobab è un albero sacro per molte tribù e luogo di riunione intorno al quale si sviluppa la vita dei villaggi africani; rappresenta, soprattutto, una fonte essenziale di vita: è un’enorme riserva d’acqua, produce frutti che nutrono animali, oltre che esseri umani, e permette a moltissimi uccelli di nidificare. Le sue foglie sono usate come vegetale commestibile ma anche per preparare medicine tradizionali e la corteccia serve a creare corde, ceste e vestiti. Il cambiamento climatico, un’altra rapina dell’Occidente ai danni del Sud del mondo. Lula: impedita la visita all'emissario del Papa All'avvocato argentino Juan Gabrois e consulente dell'ex Pontificio Consiglio della Giustizia e della Pace, e' stato impedito, dalla polizia federale di Curitiba, di incontrare il leader brasiliano Ignacio Lula da Silva. Il Vaticano smentisce l’intenzione di far pervenire all’ex presidente brasiliano, in carcere da due mesi, una missiva di Papa Francesco. Ma conferma la consegna di un rosario. In ogni caso, sostiene il noto sito d’informazione brasiliano Brasil 24/7, “Si tratta di un incidente che potrebbe creare avere gravi riscontri diplomatici. Lula, prosegue il portale brasiliano, resta il leader cattolico piu' amato nella storia del Brasile, mentre Temer e' il piu' odiato". Brasil 24/7 cita, tra l’altro, con chiaro riferimento alla situazione politica brasiliana, una recente omelia di Papa Francesco che condanna "i colpi di stato sponsorizzati dai media conservatori”. Nonostante le accuse di corruzione, Lula rimane in testa come favorito per le presidenziali in tutti i sondaggi condotti da 8 diversi istituti di opinione. Mosca promette rappresaglia contro le nuove sanzioni USA A poche ore dall’apertura dei mondiali di calcio, Mosca è pronta a misure di ritorsione contro le nuove sanzioni statunitensi che colpiscono cinque società e tre individui russi. Sanzioni motivate dal Dipartimento del Tesoro USA con presunte "attività cyber maligne” e collaborazione con forze armate e servizi segreti di Mosca. Secca la risposta del vice ministro degli Esteri russo, Sergey Ryabkov: "Implementeremo le misure contro quei candidati americani che eccellono nelle loro politiche aggressive anti-russe e che ostacolano la normalizzazione dei rapporti bilaterali”. Ryabkov ha inoltre sottolineato che la miglior risposta di Mosca "alla politica illegale di sanzioni dell'Amministrazione Trump” sarà la promozione dello sviluppo economico.

Febbraio è tutto un Darwin Day. A Milano, al Museo di storia naturale, gli incontri iniziano domenica 4 e finiscono lunedì 12 febbraio. Giorgio Manzi, paleoantropologo dell’Università La Sapienza, ci anticipa qualcosa del suo intervento di martedì 6 febbraio, ore 20:30, dal titolo “Ultime notizie sull’evoluzione umana”. - Nella seconda parte di trasmissione voliamo all’Università di Modena-Reggio Emilia, dove ci aspetta Anna Maria Mercuri, del laboratorio di Palinologia e Paleobotanica, per spiegarci la sua ricerca appena uscita su Nature Plants. - Notizie in chiusura.

Febbraio è tutto un Darwin Day. A Milano, al Museo di storia naturale, gli incontri iniziano domenica 4 e finiscono lunedì 12 febbraio. Giorgio Manzi, paleoantropologo dell’Università La Sapienza, ci anticipa qualcosa del suo intervento di martedì 6 febbraio, ore 20:30, dal titolo “Ultime notizie sull’evoluzione umana”. - Nella seconda parte di trasmissione voliamo all’Università di Modena-Reggio Emilia, dove ci aspetta Anna Maria Mercuri, del laboratorio di Palinologia e Paleobotanica, per spiegarci la sua ricerca appena uscita su Nature Plants. - Notizie in chiusura.

Can organic agriculture feed the world? Well, no, probably not entirely. But a recent paper in Nature: Plants suggests that as a farming system, it scores better than conventional farming systems on many key indicators of sustainability. This, say the paper's authors, suggests organic systems should be playing a larger role in world food production than it currently is. In this episode, I talk to Jonathan Wachtel, co-author of the study. We talk about sustainability metrics, current barriers to the expansion of organic systems, and why we shouldn't assume that organic farming alone can feed the world.   The graphic we discuss in the episode is available at theruminant.ca. Graphic credit: John P. Reganold and Jonathan M. Wachter and Nature Plants.