Podcasts about post world war ii

When a mysterious gastrointestinal illness starts turning into a dangerous neurologic disease accompanied by green tongues in post WWII Japan, researches scramble to find out why people are becoming sick. We'll do a deep dive on this one to figure out the cause.Sources:-https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/when-cure-is-cause-180967666/-https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15152488/-https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC478909/?page=1-https://newint.org/features/1981/01/01/devils-https://www.medchemexpress.com/biology-dictionary/subacute-myelo-optico-neuropathy-smon.html?locale=ja-JP (How Clioquinol causes green tongue and urine)-https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6571072/ (Clioquinol deep dive)-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Meade (Dr Who Wrote the 1970's paper)-https://www.byuradio.org/ea2808e3-db19-4656-878c-f4804984ffc2/constant-wonder-dirty-hands--green-tongues?playhead=1844&autoplay=true (Radio interview with author)-https://www.nature.com/articles/sc201068 (Imaging findings in SMON)-https://molmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1007/BF03401927 (Possible Clioquinol Toxicity Mechanism)-https://shizuka.com.au/the-health-benefits-of-a-japanese-diet/ (Japanese diet and Zinc)-https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/yoken1952/24/4/24_4_195/_pdf/-char/en (Kono paper) ----- Patreon Page (support the show) -----Submit a Question for Mike's Trivia Challenge Segment (website form with instructions)-----Podcast Linktree (social media links / reviews / ratings)-----DrMqx (Follow Dr. Max on Twitch)

We interviewed Dr. Casey Jakubowski about teacher retention, policy, and practice. Dr. Jakubowski shared that Appalachia extends into New York State, and we reflected on how New York has large rural communities. Much of Dr. Jakubowski's work has focused on these communities and beyond (including West Virginia). We discuss the changing trends of job availability to applicants. We discuss burnout of new rural teachers and pay disparities between urban versus suburban teaching. The revolving door of teachers causes students not to have a permeance of personalities and connections with teachers. Interpersonal relationships between teachers and students are important to student success. We discussed some common issues facing rural education, including internet access and lack of amenities such as Starbucks as a cultural expectation of new teachers. One solution noted by Dr. Jakubowski is for rural districts to partner to address the unique challenges in rural education. We shift to discuss the rural funding in New York State. Dr. Jakubowski shares that given this perceived decrease in the number of kids in rural education states, such as New York, are starting to cut budgets for rural education. This has a direct impact on programs and teachers in these schools. We discuss how teachers hold significant responsibility for the welfare of their communities, families, and students to help students succeed. Finally, Dr. Jakubowski discusses place-based teaching as a solution to give resources to rural teaching. This helps facilitate partnerships between the teachers and the community to help students see how their education is connected to their community. These can be connected to science, history, math, and other topics. Further, he suggests we should celebrate other educational programs such as the Scouts of America, 4-H, and other programs that assist in preparing students for leadership and the workforce. Check out Dr. Jakubowski's book Getting to the Hearts of Teaching, as some of the topics discussed come from this book. Casey Jakubowski Phd founder of Dragontamer.us is the author of books on Rural Education and the teacher retention crisis. Thinking about Teaching, A cog in the machine, ang Getting to the Hearts of Teaching(EduMatch Publishing) are rural inspired and rural focused. He is the co author of Crush it from the start: 50 tips for new teachers (SchoolRubric) designed to help the educator retention crisis. A historian,,Casey wrote Rural Education history: state policy meets local implementation (Lexington) that delves into the failed school consolidation policies. His book, Minerva Conflict in the hills (Lexington) examines the history of the Post World War II centralization policy towards education. My Credential sponsors this episode at https://www.mycredential.com/

In the early 1930s, as the EMM launched its mission in Tanganyika, Ethiopia became a parallel interest. Struggling under Italian occupation from 1935, Ethiopia saw Emperor Haile Selassie I flee in 1936, only to return five years later to continue modernization efforts. Post-World War II, the Mennonite Church initiated a relief program in Nazareth, Ethiopia, marked by the establishment of the Haile Mariam Mammo Memorial Hospital in 1947. EMM deliberated on missionary work in Ethiopia, eventually sending Daniel and Blanche Sensenig in 1947 to lay the groundwork under a mandate that included educational and medical services alongside evangelism.

Is it possible that a household name from a Japanese Monster flick inspired by Post World War II weapons testing in the South Seas could be the ultimate poster boy for United Nations PROPAGANDA? Tune in to find out as I point out the many instances of mostly intentional, yet hidden in plain sight, propaganda (and much more) throughout the first 21 years of Gojira's box office blowouts. Sit back, relax and EDIFY #godzilla #predictiveprogramming #gojira #unitednations #japan Get a copy of my very first book "World War YOU"PAPERBACK and KINDLE: https://a.co/d/fYOAfDjEBOOK: https://books2read.com/u/mBAx6OCheck out the Third Eye Edify Website:http://thirdeyeedify.comDo you Play Bass Guitar? Join my exciting new Bass Player University! https://jorgemesamusic.com/bassplayeruniversityCheck out my Patreon to help support all of my EDIFYING future content along with some unique perks and exclusive content: http://www.Patreon.com/ThirdEyeEdifyGet a premium Rokfin membership to support me PLUS get access to all of the other incredible content on their platform:https://www.rokfin.com/ThirdEyeEdifyCheck out my Third Eye Edify Merch Shop:https://thirdeyeedify.creator-spring.com/Check out my wife Petri's Amazing new Podcast!:https://earthsidebirth.org/enter-podcast Join my Telegram group:https://t.me/ThirdEyeEdifyCheck out my Linktree:https://linktr.ee/thirdeyeedifyPlease Like and Subscribe on Patreon, Rokfin, Bitchute, Rumble, YouTube and all major Podcast sites: #thirdeyeedifypodcast Get bonus content on Patreon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Iskolat, a Latvian communist, returns to teach us more about the shrouded history of Latvia, which was a part of the Soviet Union, officially known as the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic continuously from 1944 to 1990. In this second and final part we'll be discussing the post-World War II era of building socialism in Latvia and the Baltics at large. We cover the successes of socialist construction, its weaknesses, and ultimately the downfall of soviet system in Latvia in the early 1990s and how that played out. Iskolat also delves into present day realities of Latvia that don't always make international news. www.patreon.com/aesthepodcast Isoklat twitter: twitter.com/iskolat Workers' Struggle (English/Latvian/multilang): https://t.me/StradniekuCina BalticSSRs (Reddit): https://reddit.com/r/BalticSSRs/ Riga History Group (Russian): https://t.me/RigaHistoryGroup… School of Scientific Communism/Ruslan Dzugov Channel (Russian section): https://t.me/rusdzugov Dictatorship of the Proletariat (YT channel of the Russian section of the Political School): https://youtube.com/@user-xk6xj4xm4n Anna Louise Strong's The New Lithuania: https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89017381948&seq=5  The Baltic Riddle by Greg Meiksins: https://archive.org/details/TheBalticRiddle   

Jan 23, 2024 – There are a number of critical chokepoints when it comes to global shipping and international trade: the Malaccan Strait in Southeast Asia, the Suez Canal where ships are currently under attack, and many others. Edward Gustely...

Jan 23, 2024 – There are a number of critical chokepoints when it comes to global shipping and international trade: the Malaccan Strait in Southeast Asia, the Suez Canal where ships are currently under attack, and many others. Edward Gustely...

Jan 23, 2024 – There are a number of critical chokepoints when it comes to global shipping and international trade: the Malaccan Strait in Southeast Asia, the Suez Canal where ships are currently under attack, and many others. Edward Gustely...

Are you unhappy with your job because you want more fulfillment and meaning out of life? Most people think retirement is the answer. But rather than delivering on its promises, retirement is a trap. Instead, you must learn to live on purpose. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1IxQgBIPn8 Prepare to unearth the secrets of living a life of purpose and financial independence with insights from Nelson Nash's Infinite Banking Concept detailed in his trailblazing book 'Becoming Your Own Banker'. This episode promises a powerful discourse on how taxation, government programs, and exceptions are sculpting a potential financial crisis for Americans. Brace yourself as we expose the ramifications of the government's soaring borrowing and spending, pointing towards a possible great reset, and how deferring taxes could be your road to financial doom. Post World War II, the landscape of unions, benefits, and pensions drastically transformed, but did it serve or undermine the individual worker? Let's journey together through this significant period, shedding light on how governmental control and the taxation system have eroded individual autonomy. Discover how liberating decision-making from the clutches of the government can propel societal growth and well-being. Finally, let's delve into the work of Edward Deming on the 'constancy of purpose' and the adoption of a new philosophy. We'll stir your thought process by discussing the necessity of demolishing barriers, ousting fear, and nurturing a culture of innovation. We'll also touch upon Nash's 14 points of quality and his seven deadly sins. So gear up to seize control of your life, money, and future - the journey might be arduous, but the reward is an empowered life, filled with purpose and growth. In the end, the choice to shape your financial life is in your hands - will you emulate the successful few or follow the multitude? Listen in to find out how. Join us to get a fresh perspective on living with purpose and succeeding in improving the quality of your finances. Relinquishing ControlHow Do Taxes Work?Control Your Livelihood and PurposeLeadership and OwnershipLearn from OthersTake ActionLive on PurposeBook A Strategy Call Relinquishing Control [02:08] “[Nelson] says when government creates a problem—onerous taxation—and then turns around and creates an exception to the problem they created—tax shelter retirement plans—aren't you just a little bit suspicious that you're being manipulated?” This is the crux of the problem when the government asks you to relinquish control of your dollars to them. They make promises that it'll be good for you, but it's even better for them. One promise, for example, is that you get to defer taxes or take a tax credit. And while you get to do that now, that doesn't exempt you from paying taxes later.  And the unfortunate truth is that not only are you paying taxes on the harvest (i.e. the larger sum), but taxes are also much likelier to increase over time than to decrease. In the end, you can't guarantee future tax rates, but you can plan for them now. Wouldn't you rather pay taxes now to be exempt later?  It's important to stop and think WHY you're being told to take certain actions and figure out who benefits most. This is especially true if you're being asked to relinquish control of your dollars to someone else.  How Do Taxes Work? When we talk about taxes, it's important to note exactly what that means. United States income taxes are marginal, which means that everybody's dollars are taxed the same from the bottom up. So the first $11,000 of every person's income is taxed at the same percentage. Then everyone's dollars from $11,001 to $44,705 are taxed at the same percentage. So when we say that someone is in a 24% tax bracket, that doesn't mean all of their income is being taxed at 24%. Their income is just high enough to have a portion of their income taxed at that percentage.  So,

The Secret History of Women at the CIA - Liza Mundy The Not Old Better Show, Smithsonian Associates Interview Series Welcome to The Not Old Better Show, Smithsonian Associates Interview Series on radio and podcast.  I'm your host, Paul Vogelzang, and today we delve into a riveting chapter of espionage history with our Smithsonian Associates Interview Series. Our special guest is Liza Mundy, an acclaimed journalist and author, who brings us her groundbreaking work, "The Sisterhood: The Secret History of Women at the CIA." Liza Mundy will be appearing at Smithsonian Associates coming up, so please check out our show notes today for details on Liza Mundy's presentation at Smithsonian Associates, titled. “The Secret History of Women at the CIA.” We'll be talking with Liza Mundy today about her upcoming Smithsonian Associates presentation and her new book, The Sisterhood: The Secret History of Women at the CIA , about a hidden narrative at the CIA about the Post-World War II, role of women. These women, often relegated to roles like sending cables, making clandestine 'dead drops,' and meticulously maintaining the agency's secret files, faced a ceiling of discrimination. Yet, perhaps it was this very underestimation that carved their path to becoming some of the CIA's most astute operatives, including clandestine trips to a morgue in the Mediterranean. That, of course, is our guest today, Smithsonian Associate Liza Mundy,  her new book, The Sisterhood: The Secret History of Women at the CIA  Further, Liza Mundy will tell us today, and she compellingly argues that as the CIA grappled with its identity post-Cold War, it was a tightly knit network of female analysts who first perceived the rising threat of al-Qaida, though, tragically, their cautions were repeatedly dismissed.  Unlikely spies, yes, but perfect for the role. Seen as inconsequential, these pioneering women navigated the espionage hotbeds of Bonn, Geneva, and Moscow, even the capture of Osama bin Laden, and adeptly swiping secrets right from under the noses of their KGB counterparts. Back at the CIA headquarters, they were the architects of the agency's critical archives, transitioning from manual to digital, always perceptive to details unnoticed by their male superiors. Please join me in  welcoming Smithsonian Associate Liza Mundy takes us through these untold stories, revealing how these women not only helped shape the modern intelligence era but also how their marginalization made our world more vulnerable. Stay tuned for a journey into the secret corridors of history, where the unsung heroines of the CIA finally get their due. My thanks to Smithsonian Associate Liza Mundy who's new book, The Sisterhood: The Secret History of Women at the CIA it's available now…please check it out.  You can check out Liza Mundy at Smithsonian Associates coming up, so please refer to our show notes today for details on Liza Mundy's presentation at Smithsonian Associates, titled. “The Secret History of Women at the CIA.”  My thanks to the Smithsonian team for all they do to support the show, and my thanks to you, my wonderful Not Old Better Show audience on radio and podcast.  Please be well, be safe, and Let's Talk About Better©.  The Not Old Better Show, Smithsonian Associates Interview Series on radio and podcast.  We will see you next week.

DeSoto's Legacy: Triumph and Demise November 18 1960As the sun dipped low, casting its final rays upon the DeSoto Automobile Company, the twilight of an era approached, leaving in its wake a legacy that once roared with the vibrant promise of American automotive ingenuity. The tale of DeSoto's demise is one of triumph and tribulation, of a shifting landscape within the industry.Chrysler thrust DeSoto on the automotive landscape in 1928, DeSoto filled the void between modest Plymouths and opulent Chryslers. Inspired by Spanish explorer Hernando DeSoto, the brand swiftly gained traction with its eye-catching designs and groundbreaking features. In the 1930s and 40s, DeSoto pioneered innovations futuristic designs like the Airflow – initially met with skepticism, it later propelled aerodynamic advancements in the industry.Post-World War II, DeSoto surfed the crest of an economic boom. The 1950s witnessed the birth of iconic models like the Firedome and Adventurer, encapsulating an optimistic and prosperous America. Sleek designs and robust V-8 engines carved (yes they even put a HEMI in it) a niche in American car enthusiasts' hearts.Yet as the 1960s dawned, a shifting market and intensifying competition posed challenges for DeSoto. Struggling to maintain its identity amidst Chrysler's diverse offerings and evolving consumer preferences further eroded DeSoto's foothold. In a staggering turn of events on November 18, 1960, Chrysler President William C. Newberg pronounced the end of DeSoto's line – a shock to dealerships and loyal customers alike.The 1961 model year marked DeSoto's swan song – a brand once emblematic of American automotive innovation. Though its closure signaled a significant chapter's end in automotive history, DeSoto's legacy lingers in memories of those who reveled in its artful designs and sturdy engines.Enthusiasts and collectors still cherish remaining DeSoto vehicles, parading them at car shows and events dedicated to preserving classic automobiles' heritage. DeSoto's conclusion prompts contemplation on the ever-changing automotive industry, a reminder that even the most established and inventive brands can falter in a perpetually evolving market.The story of DeSoto is not merely a company's end; it mirrors broader forces shaping industries and society's influence on customer preferences. Ultimately, DeSoto's closure was not just an American car brand's death knell; it marked the finale of a story woven into the fabric of American automotive history. The echoes of DeSoto's legacy persist, evoking an era when the open road called, and the roar of a DeSoto engine mirrored a nation's aspirations on the move.www.nodrivingloves.com#cars #car #collectorcars #oldcars #cartalk #electriccars #ev #hotrod #carhistory #automotivehistory #automobile #thisdayinautomotivehistory #thisdayinhistory #classiccars #onthisday #NaPodPoMo #ithappenedtoday #chrysler #desoto #airflow

Birth of Scuderia Ferrari November 16In the heart of Italy, on this day, November 16th, 1929, the racing legacy of Scuderia Ferrari was born. A tapestry of roaring engines and burning passion unfurled, weaving one of the most storied and triumphant chapters in motorsports history.The roots of Scuderia Ferrari burrow deep into the zeal and vision of its founder, Enzo Ferrari. Born in 1898, Enzo's soul was intertwined with cars and racing from his earliest memories. His automotive odyssey ignited as a test driver for a humble automobile manufacturer. Yet it was his time with Alfa Romeo in the 20s that molded his destiny.Enzo swiftly garnered a reputation as a masterful racer and shrewd businessman. In 1929, he established Scuderia Ferrari initially as Alfa Romeo's racing division. The term "Scuderia" translates to "stable" in Italian, underlining the team's dedication to stable and competitive racing.Under the banner of Scuderia Ferrari, Enzo helmed Alfa Romeo's racing endeavors, amassing a legion of gifted drivers and engineers. Throughout the early 30s, Scuderia Ferrari thrived as Alfa Romeo's racing arm, snatching victories in prestigious races like the Mille Emilia and Targa Florio – solidifying its stature as an unstoppable force in the racing realm.The 1930s marked a pivotal transition for Scuderia Ferrari. In 1939, Enzo severed ties with Alfa Romeo, birthing an independent racing team crowned with the iconic prancing horse emblem. Inspired by an emblem on World War I ace Francisco Baracca's fighter plane, the prancing horse became synonymous with Ferrari's racing prowess.Post-World War II, Scuderia Ferrari faced challenges in rebuilding amid a shifting racing landscape. Yet in 1947, they made a triumphant return, securing victory at the Rome Grand Prix with the 125S – Ferrari's first production car.The 50s heralded Scuderia Ferrari's dominance in Formula One. Legendary drivers like Alberto Ascari and Juan Manuel Fangio steered the team to multiple championships. Ferrari's red cars became emblematic of speed, passion, and victory.Scuderia Ferrari's legacy transcends the racetrack. Enzo's unwavering commitment to excellence and innovation forged a brand that surpasses racing. The iconic Rosso Corsa racing red hue and the distinctive roar of a Ferrari engine evolved into symbols of automotive elegance and luxury.Across decades, Scuderia Ferrari has weathered the highs and lows of motorsport, from the Schumacher era's dominance to recent challenges. Their dedication to success remains steadfast.In conclusion, Enzo Ferrari's founding of Scuderia Ferrari forever altered the landscape of motorsports. From its humble inception as an Alfa Romeo racing division to its current status as an iconic racing team and luxury brand, Scuderia Ferrari embodies passion, competition, and excellence in the world of racing.www.nodrivingloves.com#cars #car #collectorcars #oldcars #cartalk #electriccars #ev #hotrod #carhistory #automotivehistory #automobile #thisdayinautomotivehistory #thisdayinhistory #classiccars #onthisday #NaPodPoMo #ithappenedtoday #ferrari #cosa #tesstarossa #enzo

Hey all! Welcome to another episode of Mr. P.'s Tales from the Road. In this edition, we drive out to East Cleveland, Ohio and into to one of the saddest examples of what economic collapse can do to a place; enter the crumbling and rotting remains of Chapman Avenue, once part of a thriving Post-World War II neighborhood and now a shattered urban wasteland where ghosts of the past are to be seen in abundance. A rather personal subject, as I have been there many times and have seen a great deal on just this one street. As always, tales abound, so procure a warm apple cider, whip up some chicken noodle soup, listen in and enjoy the show! Have a great weekend and we'll see you in next week's episode! -Mr. P. MR. P. INFO: The majority of my work gets published at the Mr. P. Explores Facebook Community: https://www.facebook.com/MrPExplores/  Stop by for full photo explorations, history and stories told from the road! Mr. P. Explores Instagram (extras that never make the site or videos, and much more!): https://www.instagram.com/mr.p_explores/@mr.p_explores TWITTER (X?): https://twitter.com/ExploresMr @ExploresMr  (come on over and say hello!)  Thanks all, and have a great week! I am also now on VERO, @mrpexplores or directly at: https://vero.co/mrpexplores

AP correspondent Karen Chammas reports on United Nations Global Finance.

Defining Post World War II American conservatism is a difficult task, as a new book on the subject explains. https://mcclanahanacademy.com https://brionmcclanahan.com/support http://learntruehistory.com --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/brion-mcclanahan/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/brion-mcclanahan/support

Women so often don't get enough spotlight when it comes to art history. Art historian, author and podcast host Katy Hessel seeks to change that. Hessel is the host of The Great Women Artists Podcast and author of the new book, The Story of Art Without Men. She joins us all week to take us on a journey through art history to learn about the trailblazing female artists who don't get enough attention. Today, we learn more about post World War II artists and the Black Arts Movement. 

Some claim the pandemic has ushered in a "post work" era when the concepts of work, workplace, and commute are being remade. Digital technologies, artificial intelligence, co-creation and multi-locational work sites are creating new spaces for work and encouraging the merging of work and non-work spaces like never before. These changes are also hastening the development of unequal labour landscapes across our cities. This panel explores the impact of the "post-work" condition on how we work in, move through, and engage in the city. This event has been co-organised with the Australasian Cities Research Network. Panel Dr. Jim Stanford is an economist and Director of the Centre for Future Work. Jim founded the Centre for Future Work at the Australia Institute in 2016. He has served for over 20 years as Economist and Director of Policy with Unifor, Canada's largest private-sector trade union. He divides his time between Vancouver, B.C., and Sydney Australia. Jason Lindsay is the founding partner of the successful Petridish Shared Office Space that celebrated its five year's mark in 2021. With a career working in film and television in the United Stated and New Zealand Jason is now heavily invested in helping start-ups design products through his “Inventors' Lab.” Charlotte Lockhart is the founder of the 4 Day Week Global campaign she works promoting internationally the benefits of a productivity-focused and reduced-hour workplace. She is also on the board of the Wellbeing Research Centre at Oxford University. Katharine McKinnon is a professor and the director of the Centre for Sustainable Communities at the University of Canberra. Katharine is also the chair of Community Economies Institute Australia. Katharine has extensively published on topics of community wellbeing and development and economies of care. Marcus Spiller is the founding partner at the SGS Economics and Planning with a core passion is social justice. Marcus is past National President of the Planning Institute of Australia. He has served on the Commonwealth Government's National Housing Supply Council. He is a Ministerial appointee to the Housing Supply Expert Panel for South East Queensland and sits on the Ministerial Advisory Committee on planning mechanisms for affordable housing in Victoria. Etienne Nel is Professor and heads the School of Geography at the University of Otago, New Zealand. He has more than 30 years of experience in researching economic and urban history and development. Eteinne extensively teaches on Economic Geography in the Post-World War II era. Ashraful Alam coordinates the Master of Planning Programme at the University of Otago. He teaches Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Work. Ash is the committee member of the Australasian Cities Research Network ACRN.

Roma figures have been an essential part of European folklore, myths, and literary traditions for centuries, with writers from Cervantes to Shakespeare to Victor Hugo drawing on the stereotype of the free-spirited, bohemian "Gypsy." Post-World War II, Roma characters began to appear in a new literary medium: American comic books. Roma heroes and villains alike fill the pages of DC and Marvel comics, with iconic characters like Dr. Doom, Magneto, Scarlet Witch, and Nightcrawler depicted as Roma. Almost exclusively written and drawn by non-Romani, however, these characters are often flawed or stereotypical, or, in recent years, they've been stripped of their Roma identity. Despite this, Roma comic book characters have become an important source of inspiration and empowerment for Roma youth around the globe. In this episode, Roma human rights activist and pop culture expert Vicente Rodriguez Fernandez joins me to talk about depictions of Romani characters in comic books, film and TV, the use of Roma identity as a literary trope, and comics as a tool of empowerment for minority groups. Music in this episode: Desert City by Kevin MacLeod. License. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/popular-culture

Roma figures have been an essential part of European folklore, myths, and literary traditions for centuries, with writers from Cervantes to Shakespeare to Victor Hugo drawing on the stereotype of the free-spirited, bohemian "Gypsy." Post-World War II, Roma characters began to appear in a new literary medium: American comic books. Roma heroes and villains alike fill the pages of DC and Marvel comics, with iconic characters like Dr. Doom, Magneto, Scarlet Witch, and Nightcrawler depicted as Roma. Almost exclusively written and drawn by non-Romani, however, these characters are often flawed or stereotypical, or, in recent years, they've been stripped of their Roma identity. Despite this, Roma comic book characters have become an important source of inspiration and empowerment for Roma youth around the globe. In this episode, Roma human rights activist and pop culture expert Vicente Rodriguez Fernandez joins me to talk about depictions of Romani characters in comic books, film and TV, the use of Roma identity as a literary trope, and comics as a tool of empowerment for minority groups. Music in this episode: Desert City by Kevin MacLeod. License. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/film

Roma figures have been an essential part of European folklore, myths, and literary traditions for centuries, with writers from Cervantes to Shakespeare to Victor Hugo drawing on the stereotype of the free-spirited, bohemian "Gypsy." Post-World War II, Roma characters began to appear in a new literary medium: American comic books. Roma heroes and villains alike fill the pages of DC and Marvel comics, with iconic characters like Dr. Doom, Magneto, Scarlet Witch, and Nightcrawler depicted as Roma. Almost exclusively written and drawn by non-Romani, however, these characters are often flawed or stereotypical, or, in recent years, they've been stripped of their Roma identity. Despite this, Roma comic book characters have become an important source of inspiration and empowerment for Roma youth around the globe. In this episode, Roma human rights activist and pop culture expert Vicente Rodriguez Fernandez joins me to talk about depictions of Romani characters in comic books, film and TV, the use of Roma identity as a literary trope, and comics as a tool of empowerment for minority groups. Music in this episode: Desert City by Kevin MacLeod. License. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Roma figures have been an essential part of European folklore, myths, and literary traditions for centuries, with writers from Cervantes to Shakespeare to Victor Hugo drawing on the stereotype of the free-spirited, bohemian "Gypsy." Post-World War II, Roma characters began to appear in a new literary medium: American comic books. Roma heroes and villains alike fill the pages of DC and Marvel comics, with iconic characters like Dr. Doom, Magneto, Scarlet Witch, and Nightcrawler depicted as Roma. Almost exclusively written and drawn by non-Romani, however, these characters are often flawed or stereotypical, or, in recent years, they've been stripped of their Roma identity. Despite this, Roma comic book characters have become an important source of inspiration and empowerment for Roma youth around the globe. In this episode, Roma human rights activist and pop culture expert Vicente Rodriguez Fernandez joins me to talk about depictions of Romani characters in comic books, film and TV, the use of Roma identity as a literary trope, and comics as a tool of empowerment for minority groups. Music in this episode: Desert City by Kevin MacLeod. License. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/intellectual-history

Roma figures have been an essential part of European folklore, myths, and literary traditions for centuries, with writers from Cervantes to Shakespeare to Victor Hugo drawing on the stereotype of the free-spirited, bohemian "Gypsy." Post-World War II, Roma characters began to appear in a new literary medium: American comic books. Roma heroes and villains alike fill the pages of DC and Marvel comics, with iconic characters like Dr. Doom, Magneto, Scarlet Witch, and Nightcrawler depicted as Roma. Almost exclusively written and drawn by non-Romani, however, these characters are often flawed or stereotypical, or, in recent years, they've been stripped of their Roma identity. Despite this, Roma comic book characters have become an important source of inspiration and empowerment for Roma youth around the globe. In this episode, Roma human rights activist and pop culture expert Vicente Rodriguez Fernandez joins me to talk about depictions of Romani characters in comic books, film and TV, the use of Roma identity as a literary trope, and comics as a tool of empowerment for minority groups. Music in this episode: Desert City by Kevin MacLeod. License. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Roma figures have been an essential part of European folklore, myths, and literary traditions for centuries, with writers from Cervantes to Shakespeare to Victor Hugo drawing on the stereotype of the free-spirited, bohemian "Gypsy." Post-World War II, Roma characters began to appear in a new literary medium: American comic books. Roma heroes and villains alike fill the pages of DC and Marvel comics, with iconic characters like Dr. Doom, Magneto, Scarlet Witch, and Nightcrawler depicted as Roma. Almost exclusively written and drawn by non-Romani, however, these characters are often flawed or stereotypical, or, in recent years, they've been stripped of their Roma identity. Despite this, Roma comic book characters have become an important source of inspiration and empowerment for Roma youth around the globe. In this episode, Roma human rights activist and pop culture expert Vicente Rodriguez Fernandez joins me to talk about depictions of Romani characters in comic books, film and TV, the use of Roma identity as a literary trope, and comics as a tool of empowerment for minority groups. Music in this episode: Desert City by Kevin MacLeod. License. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/literary-studies

Roma figures have been an essential part of European folklore, myths, and literary traditions for centuries, with writers from Cervantes to Shakespeare to Victor Hugo drawing on the stereotype of the free-spirited, bohemian "Gypsy." Post-World War II, Roma characters began to appear in a new literary medium: American comic books. Roma heroes and villains alike fill the pages of DC and Marvel comics, with iconic characters like Dr. Doom, Magneto, Scarlet Witch, and Nightcrawler depicted as Roma. Almost exclusively written and drawn by non-Romani, however, these characters are often flawed or stereotypical, or, in recent years, they've been stripped of their Roma identity. Despite this, Roma comic book characters have become an important source of inspiration and empowerment for Roma youth around the globe. In this episode, Roma human rights activist and pop culture expert Vicente Rodriguez Fernandez joins me to talk about depictions of Romani characters in comic books, film and TV, the use of Roma identity as a literary trope, and comics as a tool of empowerment for minority groups. Music in this episode: Desert City by Kevin MacLeod. License. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/communications

FreshEd is on break! While we are away, we'll re-play some of our favourite episodes. Two quick notes: First, please consider donating to FreshEd to keep us open access and ad-free. https://paypal.me/FreshEdPodcast Second, applications are open for Season 3 of FreshEd Flux. Apply now! https://freshedpodcast.com/flux/apply/ -- The World Bank hasn't always made loans to education. Post-World War II, the Bank focused mainly on infrastructure. Even when it did start lending to education in the 1960s, it used the idea of manpower planning, the process of estimating the number of people with specific skills required for completing a project. Only in the 1970s did the World Bank begin to think of education in terms of rates of return: the cost-benefit calculation that uses expected future earning from one's educational attainment. The introduction of rates of return inside the World Bank was no easy process. The internal fights by larger-than-life personalities were the stuff legends are made from. Yet, these disputes often go unnoticed, hidden behind glossy reports and confidence. Today Stephen Heyneman takes us back in time when he introduced rates of return to the World Bank. He discusses how he used them to his advantage and how he ultimately lost his job because of them. Stephen Heyneman is Professor Emeritus of international education policy at Peabody College, Vanderbilt University. He served the World Bank for 22 years between 1976 and 1998. Citation: Heyneman, Stephen, interview with Will Brehm, FreshEd, 155, podcast audio, May 20, 2019. https://www.freshedpodcast.com/heyneman/ -- Get in touch! Twitter: @FreshEdpodcast Facebook: FreshEd Email: info@freshedpodcast.com Support FreshEd: www.freshedpodcast.com/donate

Today's podcast is part of a series on food waste. When farmers produce more of a product than people are willing to buy, or when the demand for a product falls unexpectedly, food is wasted. What role do agricultural policies and politics play in creating and perpetuating cycles of supply challenges? Our guest today is Dr. Garrett Graddy-Lovelace of American University. Garrett is an agricultural policy expert and she studies the problem of food gluts through the lens of social sciences, international affairs, history and analysis of USDA data. Interview Summary   This podcast is co-sponsored by the Recipes Food Waste Research Network led by American University and funded by the National Science Foundation.   Norbert: Garrett, from your perspective, why do you think a historical policy analysis is useful in discussions of contemporary issues of food waste and loss?   It's a crucial question. The current situation of wasted food is uniquely contemporary and it's unprecedented, but its root causes have long roots. On one hand, there's a complicated but telling geography kind of spatial aspect to the wasted food fiasco we're in. We have vast global supply chains with pinch points of precarity. There are so few processors to butcher and process such vast quantities of meat. So few mega ports for all of these millions of shipping containers. So few companies owning all these markets and so few grain storage facilities for these mountains of corn and soy. So it's a spatial situation. But, it is also a historical situation. There are conditions and incentives driving commodity crop production and overproduction right now that have deep roots in US history, in global history, even in colonial history. So historical perspectives are crucial to help tell the why and the how. The current situation in configuration might seem natural or inevitable, but unpacking how we got here helps us understand, dismantle and reconfigure the policies, political economies and paradigms that got us in to this mess.   Brenna: Those are really interesting perspectives, Garrett, and I'm looking forward to hearing more. So since we are on the topic of policy now, how do you think Ag policy and particularly the Farm Bill has shaped or created food waste?   Good question. So the broader World Trade Organization began in the mid '90s and it's an extension of the general agreement on tariffs and trades, which was the Bretton Woods's Post World War II, World War I set of international governance paradigms. It really liberalized agricultural trade and arguably neoliberalized it. And so it set in motion a whole situation that we're in now which deregulated national and federal government policies around supply coordination, supply management. So from the mid '90s on, you've got a set of policies around the world that really opened up trade. But, it also opened up the incentives to compete with each other around the world. So farmers were competing with each other in this arguably race to the bottom of farm gate prices, which incentivized cycles of overproduction that we're in now. The policy shifts that happened domestically, and all of these countries around the world, emerged from the paradigms of the mid '90s. The WTO and the broader focused on moving enormous quantities of commodity crops around the world in a comparative advantage model. But it ended up creating enormous quantities of food circulating around the world that then is very conducive to supply chain gluts and to pinch points where there are blocks and a precarity that we're in now.   Norbert: Thank you for that. I would love for you to point out one particular historical policy that you think is critical for us to understand this.   The elimination of export subsidies was crucial and many of the intentions behind what ended up becoming the WTO were actually about decreasing dumping. So the anti-dumping measures are so crucial as a broader paradigm and a governance goal. But as you know better than others as Ag economists, the loopholes allowed for some countries like the US to continue overproducing a certain commodity crop and then offshoring it through complicated ways that were not explicit subsidization of exports. So the ending of export subsidies is a universal good, but it did not end the broader problem. And obviously, this is a exceptionally complicated topic, but the broader question of policy needs to be contextualized within political economy. So there's a set of political economies at work that we're in now, which gives inordinate power to private industry in terms of input suppliers and in terms of commodity crop purchasers. As a result, the situation we're in now is that you have a handful of firms who are price setters and they can really decide the price of inputs and the farm gate price of various commodity crops. And the broader configuration is that farmers are squeezed around the world with expectations and incentives of expensive input purchases, annually purchased inputs, and then farm gate prices that don't cover the cost of the production. So that's a political economic situation. The question is what's the role of policy? I think what's interesting for me and for Norbert and for others in our research team is that there's a long history of policies, governmental policies particularly in the United States, that have attempted to protect farmers from this squeeze. This treadmill of buying more inputs and trying to sell more and growing more to cover the cost of what they've invested in that particular season. And, it lends itself to overproduction unless there's a way to mitigate that kind of treadmill cycle of overproduction. So, the policies that we're interested in began in the 1920s and the 1930s which we'll talk about with the Agricultural Adjustment Act. They really were ended in the WTO in a convoluted way in the attempt to end trade distortions. There was a way in which the corporate interests or the private firms gained even more power and say in the broader trade and agricultural economics and practices around the world. I think the WTO is so fascinating because the intentions behind it are truly important. And many of the measures like the anti-dumping and the ending of subsidized, explicitly subsidized exports which are so deleterious, so destructive to local farm economies around the world were mitigated, but the loopholes have grown. And actually the disparity between kind of corporate interests and the private firms and farmers themselves, small and medium-sized farmers has grown even more egregious. So, the role of policy in that I think is what we're analyzing today.   Norbert: Garrett, you've done archival work looking at agricultural policy from the Agricultural Adjustment Act, the original Farm Bill legislation from 1933. What has inspired you to see food waste and loss as a critical issue?   It's a great question. The Farm Bill in its current iteration enables and exacerbates wasted food. But it would be, I think, reductive to say it causes it and stop the analysis there. So, this kind of takes some historical analysis. We're going to go back to the archives, but before we do, we kind of think about the 20th century. Over the course of the 20th century, the Farm Bill has become a behemoth mechanism for disposing of surplus commodity crop production. So if you think about Title I, Commodity, and Title II, Conservation, those actually have at their origin - the beating heart of the Farm Bill - an attempt to prevent another great depression economically, that's a commodity title, and another Dust Bowl. That is the environmental impacts of overproduction, Title II, conservation. So there was a supply management coordination attempt to end overproduction and end the price fallout of overproduction woven into the heart of Title I and Title II. Once you get to Title III which is Trade, and you go back to the archives, the justification for Title III was move this surplus. We've got to get rid of this growing pile of surplus. The Commodity Crop Corporation, the broader CCC arm of the government is trying to mitigate overproduction by buying the surplus and getting it off the backs of the farmers. But then it had a huge kind of glut. So trade was a matter of offshoring and offsetting the food aid and the food trade in the 1950s and the 1960s. And then frankly, Title IV nutrition, which has all of these noble crucial intentions of feeding the people actually is a surplus disposal mechanism as well when you look back at the archives. And even Title IX which is Energy, has a surplus disposal mechanism of corn in moving it into bioethanol. So the Farm Bill has kind of hidden overproduction through these surplus disposal mechanisms and not been able to prevent it. And then of course, we get into where we are now where why doesn't the research title fund investigations into wasted food interventions? Why aren't there discussion of composting systems or ecological biodigesters to divert methane from landfills in the research title? So right now, it's more what the Farm Bill doesn't do. It doesn't curtail excessive monopolies in the agrifood sector. It ends up subsidizing them. It doesn't provide nearly enough for regional adaptive supply chains or markets which are much more adaptive to shocks in the system like Ukraine or climate change. So the Farm Bill doesn't do what it needs to do, but it's not the root cause of wasted food.   Brenna: Those are really interesting points that I think many of us at least from an agricultural economist perspective don't necessarily talk about in that way. One thing I wanted to follow up is you mentioned the current Farm Bill doesn't really do much to address food waste. I think the most recent Farm Bill did establish the food waste and loss liaison to try to kickstart some food waste reduction initiatives. So I'm curious just to get your thoughts, would you say that that effort is not nearly enough?   Yes, it's such a good question. So the Miscellaneous Title is the best thing happening in the Farm Bill. All the farmers know and the practitioners and the activists and the scholars. And so, there's an optimistic way you could look at this and say there are such innovative, broadly far-reaching exciting pilot programs tucked into the Miscellaneous Title or even into the Horticultural Title around farmer's markets, around racial justice, around food waste prevention, wasted food prevention. But on a macro level, it's tucked into the Miscellaneous Title, oftentimes with discretionary funding, not mandatory, so you have to fight for it each five years. And the appropriations get divvied out, so it's not rock solid in terms of mandatory appropriations. And so there are wonderful pilot programs that began in the 2018 Farm Bill, frankly, directly because of scholars and activists and civil society clamoring for it. But on the macro level, the bulk of the Farm Bill itself is status quo in terms of commodity crop overproduction when you really kind of see where it's going and it's largely going to ethanol or to concentrated animal feeding operations, CAFOs, or to highly processed additives for foods that aren't nourishing. So yes, it's exciting that there are these micro provisions and there's these pilot programs that are so exciting tucked away into the Miscellaneous Title, but arguably the scale of the problem that we're in now demands a much more transformational approach to the Farm Bill.   Brenna: Thank you so much for weighing in on that. I was excited to hear your thoughts.   Norbert: Garrett, I know that you are committed to social justice, especially around food and agriculture. What is the social equity lens to food waste and loss that you think is important for people to consider?   Thank you for that. So wasted food is a tragedy of squandered farm work, top soil, water, energy, shipping containers, and single-use plastic wrapping. All of the labor, all of the time going into food that ends up becoming methane and egregious climate greenhouse gas. And so I think when we look at this situation, there's an issue of wasted resources, but there's also the injustice of the people who are doing much of the work along that supply chain to get that food to people's table themselves can't afford food. So the inequity, the acute injustice of food insecurity next to and even within the system of wasted food is a disaster. But, it's also defining of a failure of governance and a failure of our research institutions. There are so many smart people in the US, so many expensive labs, so many great research infrastructures and networks. Surely there's a way to coordinate these smart minds into analysis and interventions that prevent wasted food and that move agricultural production to where it needs to go, to hungry mouths and to people's plates and to remunerate food producers fairly for their harvests. So the urgency of wasted food has become one of the defining parts of my research and my teaching in my scholarship. In terms of the history of this, I was fascinated with how surplus is not used as a term. This is something that Norbert and I are researching. Ag economists and Ag policy experts don't use the words overproduction or glut or surplus these days. But if you go back into the archives, it is such a ubiquitous problem that in the archives, it's called the Farm Problem. It's actually just called the Farm Problem and it's the problem of overproduction. And so, a little bit of history here, World War I, there was a whole incentive structure by the US government to feed the allies over in Europe and win the war through wheat production. So all of these farmers in Europe and throughout the Middle East who were part of World War I were in the trenches. They needed wheat. So, the US ramped up wheat production. It actually incentivized farmers to go out into the prairies and dig up those deep-rooted prairie grasses and plant wheat, single season wheat. And prices were good. And so, what do farmers do when prices are good? They grow more. And so, there was more and more production in 1914, 1915, 1916. Then the survivors of World War I crawled out of the trenches, went back to their farms and grew their own wheat. Then there was too much wheat on the global market and prices started to go down. What do farmers do when prices go down? They grow more. So all of a sudden, US farmers were madly ripping up prairie grasses, deep rooted prairie grass, planting more wheat. There was so much wheat on the global market in 1918 that it crashed the prices. There was an agrarian economic crisis in the US in 1919 and 1920, and farmers went to DC and said, "Please help us end this cycle of overproduction. We're competing with ourselves, with each other, our neighbors, and it's suicidal." And so that began the broader political movement to have supply management with the price floor for farmer viability and a way to not overproduce and destroy the soil, which is what led to the Dust Bowl. By the time you get to the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933, you've got a whole system of supply management which was in place. It was dysfunctional. It was not perfect. It largely helped White male farmers and it had some other issues to excluding tenant farmers who were largely Black farmers in the deep south, but as a principle to stave off the ravages of just kind of capitalism unfettered in agriculture, it was important to think about as a precedent. And so, cut to 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, by the 1970s, it's really eroded the supply management and by the 1980s, 1990s, it's gone. By the 1996 Farm Bill, there's hardly any supply management or price floors left. I think what's interesting for us is that there's a powerful precedent from a governance perspective of ways to mitigate cycles of overproduction. Now we're in a situation where there's not only no mechanisms from a policy perspective to mitigate overproduction, it's enabled and totally forgotten. There's really an amnesia about these parody policies, these price floors, these supply managements, these non-recourse loans, these quotas, which again, were not perfect, but they were an honest recognition that you have to have some protection. Otherwise, the corporate buyers and the broader political economy will just drive down the farm gate price and the farmers individually will just overproduce to try to get out and exacerbate the problem. I think looking at the historical origin of the Farm Bill helps us have clues as to how we could update it. How we could expand it. How we could make it more fair for a broader diversity of farmers. How it could apply to much more diverse crops than just these eight commodity crops, these kind of handful of commodity crops that it was designed for. So how could parody pricing and supply management be updated for ecological production, nourishing food production for a whole new generation of BIPOC farmers? I think we're thinking about that history as inspiration for agricultural policies moving forward that coordinate supply and demand more wisely frankly.   Brenna: Those are really interesting perspectives. I had no idea about the Farm Problem language use and I'm really curious to hear more about what you and Norbert are doing and look forward to seeing those results in the future. I was wondering if you could tell us a little bit more about what food waste and loss looks like from an international perspective and what are some of the policies abroad or globally that you think contribute to the wasted food that we see today?   It's a great question, Brenna. I'll preface by saying there are myriad international perspectives. So I certainly don't want to presume to speak on behalf of these international perspectives, but I'll also say that one cannot address this issue from a national perspective alone. One never could, but particularly now because the US agricultural policies and practices and the actual food stuffs and the climate emissions are deeply connected to those around the world and vice versa. There's a dominant political economy that is really impacting farmers and fishers around the world. It's really fascinating that the millions of different agricultural, aqua agricultural food systems around the world are now related to each other through price setting that is globalized and through supply chain pressures. Even at this point, Ag extension and national governments are all working very closely with or for a few set of agro-corporate firms. There is this incredible interconnectedness and interconnectedness sounds great, but in this context, it is an interconnectedness to a set of private industries - Cargill, Archer-Daniels-Midland, Walmart, PepsiCo, Monsanto, Bayer - input suppliers and corporate buyers. They have inordinate influence on national governments and agricultural extensions and ministries of Ag around the world. And philanthropy - the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation - which is technically a philanthropic organization, but has deep ties to private industry from the standpoint of Microsoft data and agricultural data. Which is, frankly, as farmers say around the world, "my data is worth more than my product." There's an enormous political economy of agricultural data at work right now. So there is an interconnectedness around the world that we need to analyze.   There's also a set of political economies and paradigms around the world that are very powerful. A model of development that is so pervasive around the world is that there is, underdeveloped or developed, there is a paradigm or an expectation that farmers around the world will want to and need to industrialize their respective farms. And that expectation, that model or that paradigm demeans or denigrates a whole set of agricultures around the world that are small scale and that are low input and that are biodiverse and that are not export oriented. That are oriented toward feeding local farmer's markets or local village markets or local families or networks. So there's a systemic devaluation of farming practices that are oriented toward local or regional production that have agro-biodiversity at their heart, that have semi-subsistence or low input agricultural models at their heart. A systemic glorification of very high input, intensive export-oriented commodity crop monocultural overproduction. So that paradigm makes its way into Ag extension agents, makes its way into philanthropic donations, makes its way into agricultural aid, agricultural development funding. And that paradigm is global. Every village around the world is either internalizing the inferiority of their small-scale production and their biodiverse production or resisting it, frankly. There's a whole global movement that's resisting that paradigm and says actually a climate-resilient future would need to have agroecological production grounded in Indigenous and African diaspora foodways. A lot of culturally-specific, place-based agrarian knowledge, which is not necessarily export-oriented though it could be, but is more geared toward feeding or nourishing local villages or communities or networks. There is a whole global movement of farmers and farm coalitions that say why denigrate that as underdeveloped? Why not celebrate that as actually the future of climate-resilient, climate-just agroecological production.   Brenna: Garrett, I know that you are committed to social justice, especially around food and agriculture. So what is the social equity lens to food waste and loss that you think is really important for people to consider?   So thank you for that. I'll say the first one is that there is food insecurity. There's hunger in the system that's producing wasted food and that, as I've said before, is a tragedy and an injustice and a failure of research and governance to think through how we can prevent that. And, how we can move nourishing food to people who need it and while remunerating the farmers and the food providers and the fishers for the beautiful work of feeding people. So that's the most acute level. But I also want to say, getting back to history, I know that's one of the themes of today, looking at histories of policies are so important. The archives have so much to teach us. But also elders and farmer elders around the world have so much to teach us. So oral history is a methodology that I love and I respect and I use and particularly Indigenous and African diaspora and immigrant elders in the US who have such knowledge of agrarian practices, of agroecological production, of seed saving, of foodways, of nourishing foodways, of climate-resilient foodways. Those sets of knowledges have been frankly systematically devalued by academia - by my institutions - as underdeveloped or as passe or as irrelevant. But in fact, as climate crisis encroaches, those knowledges of how to forage in the forest, how to grow nourishing gardens, how to grow agrobiodiverse farms, how to raise livestock breeds, heritage breeds, these knowledges that have been devalued frankly along gender and class and racial lines need to be celebrated. There's an epistemic inequity at work in our current situation where the real knowledges of how to grow nourishing food and provide nourishing food have been devalued when right now we need those knowledges more than ever. So there's a whole reevaluation and reclamation of agrarian place-based agroecological knowledge that I think will help us, not just prevent wasted food and really re-localize and re-regionalize supply chains and markets and economies and ecologies, but also help us provide nourishing food for communities in a climate-resilient and climate-just way.   Bio:   Garrett Graddy-Lovelace researches and teaches agricultural policy and agrarian politics. A critical geographer, she draws upon political ecology and decolonial studies to research agricultural biodiversity conservation, agrarian cooperatives, land use decisions, and domestic and global impacts of US farm policies. This includes community-based research-action with grassroots groups on the Farm Bill (see disparitytoparity.org project). Her forthcoming book, The Power of Seeds & Politics of Agricultural Biodiversity, is with M.I.T. Press. She is co-PI for a SESYNC-NSF Pursuit, entitled "Diverse Pathways to Nourishment: Understanding How Agricultural Biodiversity Enhances Food Security, Sovereignty and Nutrition" and Senior Personnel for AU's $15M NSF RECIPES grant on Wasted Food. She was awarded the inaugural Provost Associate Professor title, the 2022 School of International Scholar-Teacher of the Year Award, and the SIS Excellence in PhD Mentoring Award. Graddy-Lovelace co-founded and co-leads School of International Service's Ethnographies of Empire Research Cluster, and the nation-wide Agroecology Research-Action Collective. She is a Faculty Affiliate for AU's Antiracist Research & Policy Center and Associate Director for the new Center for Environment, Community & Equity. Additionally, she works on and for open knowledge and Indigenous data sovereignty.

Post-World War II, there was something seen as even worse than being a communist in U.S. politics: being gay. We discuss how lives and careers were lost through decades of bipartisan homophobia. James Kirchick joins Meghna Chakrabarti.

Post-World War II, there was something seen as even worse than being a communist in U.S. politics: being gay. We discuss how lives and careers were lost through decades of bipartisan homophobia.

Trusted Eye: Post-World War II Adventures of a Fearless Art Advocate with Claudia Fontaine Chidester Trusted Eye is a compelling narrative of an American wife and mother finding her place amid the rubble of war-torn Germany. Virginia Fontaine fought continually for recognition—as a woman, a photographer, an art curator, and, perhaps most importantly, a liaison between beleaguered German artists and the outside world. Through journals, letters, and photographs, she recorded her uniquely intimate perspective on this period, amid an ever-changing constellation of artists and friends. Virginia Fontaine documented her life from a young age: her struggles at Yale Art School, her year as a newlywed in the British Virgin Islands, and her employment in a munitions factory. Later, she helped the Jewish underground in Europe; traveled with gallerists throughout Germany, Switzerland, and France Trusted Eye is both a biography and a visual almanac for an intricate slice of the twentieth century. For more information visit: fontaine.org *************************************************** For more information about BITEradio products and services visit: http://www.biteradio.me/index.html To view the photography of Robert at: rpsharpe.picfair.com

Since 2020, the AASHTO Committee on Environment and Sustainability has held a weekly webinar series throughout the month of September with each week's segment hosted by one of its four subcommittees. This year, when the Cultural Resources Subcommittee sat down to plan their webinar, it became clear that there was one topic on everyone's mind– and that was: Post-World War II construction (and what to do with it).The Cultural Resources webinar on the topic illuminated the desire for more resources on how to best deal with post war construction as a practitioner. As such, the subcommittee is conducting their own nationwide survey of the state DOTs on their post war practices and protocols. Heading up that effort is Scott Williams, Cultural Resources Program Manager, Washington State Department of Transportation. Scott joins us on the AASHTO's ETAP podcast to tell us about the project.

Since 2020, the AASHTO Committee on Environment and Sustainability has held a weekly webinar series throughout the month of September with each week's segment hosted by one of its four subcommittees. This year, when the Cultural Resources Subcommittee sat down to plan their webinar, it became clear that there was one topic on everyone's mind– and that was: Post World War II construction (and what to do with it). The Cultural Resources webinar on the topic illuminated the desire for more resources on how to best deal with post war construction as a practitioner. As such, the subcommittee is conducting their own nationwide survey of the state DOTs on their post war practices and protocols. Heading up that effort is Scott Williams, Cultural Resources Program Manager, Washington State Department of Transportation. Scott joins us today to tell us about the project. Email jbillo@aashto.org to join the subcommittee friends list!

Riding Shotgun With Charlie#130Ashley HlebinskyFirearm HistorianThe DC Project   Ashley Hlebinsky is THE coolest firearm historian you'll ever meet! We were both speakers at AMMcon (hosted by the Second Amendment Foundation) in Dallas recently.  Since she is a  historian and we were in Dallas there is only one place for us to visit: Dealey Plaza.  Of course, you know this is where Kennedy was shot by Lee Harvey Oswald. I LOVE the Kennedy assassination conspiracies! All of them. And while watching any documentary on it, I will buy whatever theory they're selling. But not Ashley.  She likes the real story!   Ashley wanted to be a doctor like many folks, but she was interested in battlefield medicine which led to firearms and firearm history. Ted Koppel said about her, she wanted to learn to save lives then to things that could take lives. But she's really into much more about how firearms work, how the evolution of firearms has changed, and its impact on the industry, technology, society, and culture.     One of her personal interests is in guns used in crimes. Many museums don't want to bring up the firearms used in crimes, but Ashely really enjoys that part of the story about firearms. She says that not knowing about firearms leads museums to put some wrong firearms on display.  This is where she really enjoys working, coming up with how a firearm used in a crime can be a valid and educational display at a museum.    During her undergrad years after she changed majors, she was doing as much as she could including volunteering,  internships, researching, and  learning to shoot.  While a senior in college, Ashley was able to parlay internships into getting hired by the Smithsonian.  She was able to go from the Smithsonian to the Cody Firearms Museum in Wyoming, where she ran just about everything behind the scenes and all the displays for the exhibitions, collections, and education.     Once we get to Dealey Plaza, the conversation turns to the Kennedy assassination and what was going on during the 1960's and many of the various conspiracies. We do get some selfies at the School Book Depository, the grassy knoll, and the two X's where the bullets hit Kennedy.  Ashley brings up what she calls the Post World War II era and how the turbulent times and several assassinations lead to the Gun Control Act of 1968. We talk about the possibility of Frank Sinatra and Marilyn Monroe ties to the Kennedys, the similarities between Lincoln & Kennedy. And other irrelevant and interesting topics. Including James Earl Jones, where the Carcano rifle is, and the FBI trying to get Martin Luther King, Jr to commit suicide.    Besides everything that Ashley is involved with she's also with The DC Project. She testified in front of Congress. She's a producer of TV shows on the paranormal on the TRVL Channel and several shows for Brother in Arms and Midway USA's Gun Stories.    Ashley was a great sport going to Dealey Plaza and taking the conversation in several places. I'm glad that I was able to have her as part of the Stagecoach Across America.  Favorite quotes: “Personally, I'm more fascinated by guns used in crime and how to interrupt them than guns not used in crime.” “A lot of people want to work in the gun vault. And he said I was the only person that he actually thought could do it.”  “When I go to a museum, I don't like to read. I'm there to see the stuff.” “Because there's so much armed radicalism, the government starts doing some crazy stuff.” “I wouldn't be surprised if it was an inside job. Because they're doing kinds of stuff for the benefit of I'm not sure who. ” Ashley Hlebinsky Instagram https://www.instagram.com/historyinheels/   Ashley Hlebinsky Facebook https://www.facebook.com/officialashleyhlebinsky   Ashley Hlebinsky Twitter https://twitter.com/ashleyhlebinsky   The DC Project https://www.dcproject.info/   Gun Freedom Radio https://gunfreedomradio.com/   Pot of Gold Estate Auctions https://potofgoldestate.com/ Second Amendment Foundation http://saf.org/   Citizens Committee for the Right to Keep and Bear Arms https://www.ccrkba.org/     Please support the Riding Shotgun With Charlie sponsors and supporters.    Buy RSWC & GunGram shirts & hoodies, stickers & patches, and mugs at the store! http://ridingshotgunwithcharlie.com/rswc-shop/   Keyhole Holsters  Veteran Owned, American Made http://www.keyholeholsters.com/   Dennis McCurdy Author, Speaker, Firewalker http://www.find-away.com/   Self Defense Radio Network http://sdrn.us/

The 1950s featured a musical battle, pitting composers like Boulez, Carter, and Babbit against Bernstein, Copland, and Messaien. But how did the Post World War II movement towards total serialism and the avant-garde came about? And how did even the most forward thinking of artists become caught between the two camps of the tonalists and the serialists? We'll talk all about this today, as the battles between these two camps have ensnared almost every composer and continue to this day. Join us to learn more!

University of Central Florida professor Yanek Mieczkowski teaches a class about some of the people who challenged the status quo of the U.S. auto industry from the post-World War II era to the present day. He discusses the successes and failures of people such as Harley Earl, Preston Tucker, John DeLorean, and Elon Musk. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Jill Phillips is a retired occupational therapist and the author of Lamlash Street: A Portrait of 1960's Post-War London Through One Family's Story.   She is a storyteller with a passion to inspire families to connect through the telling of their past.  Today we discuss the importance of using stories to create family connections and to preserve and honor the past. 

Today I'm sharing about The Scent of Water by Elizabeth Goudge. It is my personal favorite of her many novels. This beautiful story, set in the rural English countryside during the Post World War II years, centers around a community of people with lives changed by one woman's faith and obedience. Elizabeth Goudge was a writer of hope, and she freely offered this beautiful gift to the world. I have found my own life enriched by her books, The Scent of Water, in particular. I hope you will enjoy this book as well.   Affiliate link to Bookshop.org: The Scent of Water

Historian and author Dr Nicola Tallis explores the astonishing story of the House of Kutchinsky, from its modest beginnings in the East End of London to becoming a Post-World War II jewellery powerhouse that became internationally renowned. And her guide is none other than journalist Serena Kutchinsky, whose father, Paul Kutchinsky, created the world's largest jewelled egg – one that would rival Fabergé's.Join the conversation on social media by visiting @historygemspod on both Twitter and Instagram - and check out @house_of_kutchinsky and @Skutchinsky for more information about the jewellery discussed and Serena's upcoming book.

While post World War II America was a country filled with prosperous opportunity, Italy was not. In the first of this four-part mini-series about immigrating from Italy to America in the 1970s as a tweleve-year-old boy, Jerry Casarella discusses his hometown of Bisaccia, Italy. He talks about the way of life for poor towns, the people of Bisaccia and his parents' experiences living in German-occupied Italy. Listen to Palmaria on Spotify and follow on Instagram @palmariaofficial

The 1940s and 1950s saw changes to how women were portrayed in film. A change from the victim of the 1930s. Post World War II films introduced the ‘Femme Fatale’ and with it women characters who were mysterious and dangerously seductive, not victims. During the war, women had taken the place of men in the workforce, bringing an independence that for many, had never been experienced before.  These movies were known as ‘Film Noir’ (French for ‘dark film’), classics of the 1940s and early 1950s. 'The Queen of Noir' Ann Chernow So I turned my attention to ‘The Queen of Noir’, renowned artist Ann Chernow. Ann has been painting this genre for over a decade. She does paintings, prints and drawings always in the abstract capturing the essence of the ‘Femme Fatale’. Ann has gone from actual portraits of the films’ stars, to imaginary faces of film, to painting scenes from the films to inventing scenes from ‘Film Noir’ movies. Then came a night alone at an Italian restaurant in NYC and a bottle of wine. The evening resulted in creation of ‘Bad Girls’ – eight separate stories and eight separate images. Film Noir and Femme Fatales have been with her ever since that evening. ‘The reason for women: everybody has a guess. It’s psychological. It has to do with the women in the films. The women in Noir movies all had fabulous clothing and the men just had gray suits and hats. There’s nothing to paint – just gray suits and hats, so the male figure is sometimes an abstract support.’ Meet Ann Chernow Artist, ‘Queen of Noir’, Mother, Grandmother and Teacher. Ann has taught art for over 26 years. Born in New York City in 1936, Ann has been a resident of Westport, Connecticut, considered a haven for artists for the last 50+ years. Ann is a beloved leader in the extended arts community. She has worked in the mediums of lithography, silkscreen, etching and colored pencil as well as oil painting. Ann’s second husband, Burt Chernow founded the Housatonic Museum of Art. He was an art historian and professor at the Housatonic Community College. Burt passed away in 1997. Ann later became the life partner of actor and documentarian, Martin West (d. 2020). Ann’s work evokes a sense of veiled mystery. A veiled mystery that is the essence of Film Noir and Ann’s creativity. I had the privilege of talking with Ann about our favorite genre of film, her beginning, her philosophy, the pandemic and her continued mining. Age 3 ½ - the beginning The RKO theaters and going to the movies at 11 Victims and Heroines The ‘Queen and King’ of Noir Femme Fatales 1930’s and Post World War II Those clothes The abstract ‘That looks like my grandmother’ Miss Bette Davis How to get an invitation Artists and life Advice to young artists Keep on mining

Post World War II, Germany and Berlin get divided into 4 administrative zones each run by the US, UK, Soviet Union and France. The Allies soon start bickering leading to the Berlin Blockade which will result in the US getting established as the new leader of the free world.

Authors Glenn Hubbard and Tony O'Brien discuss early thoughts on the Biden Administration's economic plan. They consider criticisms of the most recent stimulus packages price tag of $1.9B that it may spur inflation in future quarters. They offer thoughts on how this may become the primary legislative initiative of Biden's first term as it crowds out other potential policy initiatives. Questions are asked about what bounce we may see for the economy and comparisons are made to the Post World War II era. Please listen and share with students!

One of Milwaukee County’s most cherished and popular shared spaces is Bradford Beach. Swimmers, sunbathers and volleyball players enjoy its sweeping vista along Lake Michigan. But there are rumblings of concern over a proposal, critics say, would privatize a portion of this public treasure. Its 1950s-era pavilion, officially called the Bradford Beach Bathhouse, resembles a ship with its curved lines and second-floor deck. Acccording to the Milwaukee County Historical Society, the structure is an “excellent example of the Art Moderne style popular during the Post-World War II period” and received historic landmark designation in 2005. In 2019, Nicholas Hynes and his partner signed a 5-year lease with Milwaukee County to operate a restaurant on the first level of the historic Bradford Beach Pavilion. They also operate the tiki hut bars on the beach. Last year, Hynes and his partner floated the idea of constructing a wall of cabanas along the upper deck. The city’s Historic Preservation

Historians trace Lowrider culture back to the early 30’s and 40’s as an extension of pachuco culture. If you’re unfamiliar with pachuco culture, check out Edward James Olmos in Zoot Suit. Yes, he was in other movies beyond Stand and Deliver! Some historians trace its origins to the El Paso/Juarez region, while others say it originated in the barrios of East LA. We’ll leave that debate to the Tejanos and the East Los crowd. Post World War II, many ex-military men from the southwest migrated to Los Angeles to work in aircraft factories, bringing along their passion for customized rides. By the 60’s, lowriders became identified with the Chicano movement, as these cars began to symbolize a proud cultural identity that still exists today. These cars are an artistic expression of familia, culture and religion. They glow with brilliant colors, religious symbols, and wired rims. You might see the sparks fly from their bodies scraping the pavement as they creep down the street “low and slow” or hear the squeaks of the hydraulics as they bounce from side-to-side. Lowrider culture has had significant influence in the worlds of music, fashion, and art. Back in the 70’s, you could hear War’s Chicano Rock anthem Lowrider pulsating from car speakers on downtown streets from Burque to LA. The marriage between car culture and music re-emerged in the 90’s with videos featuring South Central LA rappers Eazy E and Dr. Dre. Remember the G-thang video? Lowrider influenced fashion even made its way into mainstream pop music. Do you remember Gwen Stefani rocking the chola look in her early No Doubt days? Lowriders as an expression of mobile art can be found in prominent art galleries, in national museums like the Smithsonian, and adorning international avenues from Japan to Australia. Facebook groups highlighting Lowrider Culture have six-figure followings and towns, like Española, NM have branded themselves the Lowrider Capital of the World. I think it’s safe to say, the culture has officially moved from the underground to the mainstream.Dr. Frank releasing had the opportunity to catch up with two OGs from Duke’s Car Club--Frank Chavez and Albert Muniz to learn more about lowrider culture and its worldwide appeal.

Post World War II, manufacturing was the driver for our economy. Canada maintained hundreds of thousands of good paying manufacturing jobs that fueled middle class living. Over the years, the face of manufacturing has changed and pre COVID, Canada shed another 300,000 manufacturing jobs. So, what does the future of manufacturing looks like post COVID. To help us with the discussion is Paul Meo. Paul is the president and CEO of NTN Bearing Corporation of Canada which is located in Mississauga. Paul has been with NTN for 37 years and has seen a thing or two in manufacturing. Paul is also the Sector Leader for manufacturing on MBOT's Mississauga Economic Recovery Group.

New Age Nanny State White PaperParents' Rights In Education WebsiteSocial Emotional Learning Issues PageDONATE TODAY!In a nutshell, SEL is latest educational fad teaching students to rely on themselves, their peers, and the progressive culture, not the truths proposed by their faith and their families. Progressive social norms become their moral authority. PRIE opposes the “whole child” concept, including character and ethics education, psychological insights, and group dynamics, training children in consequentialist (moral relativism) moral reasoning.  The current popularity of social-emotional learning (SEL) represents progressive education's greatest victory in its 100-plus-year campaign to transform our public schools, and, thus, the nature of America itself. Since it began, the mission of progressive education has been to liberate American students from the “shackles of traditional wisdom.” John Dewey and his legion of educationalists saw the elementary and secondary schools as the vehicle to form the New American, one who would be liberated from the prejudices of family, church, and tradition. In the early 20th century, their ideological victories were largely symbolic. They captured intellectually shallow schools of education, but not the public schools themselves. Those schools were rooted in their communities, reflecting local values and governed by local citizens. Post-World War II, the “in loco parentis” tradition of school gave way to more and more control, first by states and more recently by federal intervention. Input from parents on what was to be learned and how schools were to be conducted gave way to ever larger educational commissions and more distant experts.  Instead of parents' deciding on the ultimate question of education, “What is most worth knowing?” for our children, the new controllers of public education stepped in. Enter the progressive educators. The term “public” came to mean “secular.” The long-held view of the public schools—not only teaching the core disciplines, but also helping children develop a sense of right and wrong and the good habits to put morality into practice—became the battleground. The wisdom of the past, with its history of wars and bigotry, had to be ignored. Prohibited, too, was any reference to God and organized religion. The only source of moral authority for the secular progressives was and is science and “empirically verifiable knowledge.” The problem with this plan is that science and the empirical method do not lend themselves well to dealing with the questions of the moral life. The ultimate questions of life, which were once a staple of an education, such as “What is a good person?” “How should I live my life?” and “Is there a God?” cannot be answered by the scientific method. Thus, these questions and issues have been eradicated from our schools. Into this barren educational landscape entered the pseudo-scientific SEL and its claim that social-emotional learning can fill the gap in the lives of America's children. SEL advocates see teaching students their five “competencies” of self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision-making as the effective replacement for schools' former moral education and character formation. Committed as they are to development of “the whole child,” progressive educators are promoting these skills as a secular replacemenSupport the show (https://www.parentsrightsined.com/support-the-cause.html)

Marie Kondo has garnered mass mainstream attention through her book The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up (2011) and the corresponding Netflix show “Tidying Up With Marie Kondo” (2019). In media, Kondo is known for the phrase “spark joy”. As Kondo helps her clients tidy up their houses, she encourages them to think about if the item “sparks joy”. References 1. Doyle, Mika. “Marie Kondo Credits This Spiritual Practice With Helping Her Figure Out Her Tidying Philosophy.” Bustle, January 24, 2019. https://www.bustle.com/p/how-shinto-influenced-marie-kondos-konmari-method-of-organizing-15861445. 2. Gould, Hannah. “Marie Kondo and Kuyō: Is Throwing Things Away Really a Religious Experience?” Religion News Service, February 20, 2019. https://religionnews.com/2019/02/19/marie-kondo-and-kuyo-is-throwing-things-away-really-a-religious-experience/. 3. “Korean War and Japan's Recovery.” U.S. Department of State. U.S. Department of State, n.d. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/korean-war. 4. Wolken, Lawrence C. “The Modernization of an Ancient Culture: Time for Conflict or Cooperation.” SAGE. Mays Business School, n.d. https://maysweb.tamu.edu/sage/gradescourses/9th-12th-grade/economics/the-modernization-of-an-ancient-culture-preface/the-modernization-of-an-ancient-culture-time-for-conflict-or-cooperation/. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/pacific-atrocities-education/support

*From April through June, the U.S. economy experienced its biggest quarterly activity plunge ever, decreasing by 9.5%-- or by 32.9% on an annualized basis.* *Today's Stocks & Topics: Apple Split, Critical Listening And Critical Reading, SSYS - Stratasys Ltd., MARK - Remark Holdings Inc., 401k Contributions, MET - MetLife Inc., IAU - iShares Gold Trust, SEDG – Solar Edge Technologies Inc., FB - Facebook Inc. Cl A, XLE - Energy Select Sector SPDR ETF.* *TRIVIA QUESTION: "Measured in dollars, what is the approximate value of retirement assets held in 401(k) plans? AND--what is the average 401(k) plan account balance among participants in their sixties with more than 30 years of tenure?"* *Plus: Key Benchmark Numbers and Market Comments for: Oil, Gasoline, Gold, Silver and Treasury Yields.* Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/investtalk-investment-in-stock-market-financial-planning/donations Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brands

On this episode of Theatre is Dead, Cara and Charlie discuss how drama got depressing after World War II and get personal with playwright, Lorraine Hansberry.

We live in a post-World War II world. Do you know what that means? Learn more about how what you see on the news has been influenced by the outcome of the Second World War, for both good and ill.

In this episode I finally reach the dawn of the Open Era, the one we live in and watch today on our televisions and computers. I talk about the consequences the war had in the world of tennis, albeit briefly, and in SW19. Finally, I reach the period where tennis giants such as Margaret Court, Rod Laver, Ken Rosewall, and Roy Emerson make their appearances and start setting their all-time records. Hope you enjoy!Follow me on Instagram: @tennisandbagelsLike my Facebook page: /tennisandbagels--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/tennis-and-bagels/messageSupport this show http://supporter.acast.com/tennis-and-bagels. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

In this episode I finally reach the dawn of the Open Era, the one we live in and watch today on our televisions and computers. I talk about the consequences the war had in the world of tennis, albeit briefly, and in SW19. Finally, I reach the period where tennis giants such as Margaret Court, Rod Laver, Ken Rosewall, and Roy Emerson make their appearances and start setting their all-time records. Hope you enjoy! Follow me on Instagram: @tennisandbagels Like my Facebook page: /tennisandbagels --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/tennis-and-bagels/message

All links, notes, disclosure statements and audio can be found for this episode via the blog post provided in the link below:https://yourfavoriteblockhead.com/2020/02/15/episode-126-shadow-and-substance-post-world-war-ii/

“…social democracy recognizes the need for the state to put some band-aids on some sores, right? Democratic socialism comes along and says, that doesn't work. That's not enough. That really, that we need to change society institutionally.”—big mike Listen: iTunes, Spotify, Mixcloud | Transcript In this episode: 00:00 A brief recap of last episode: how can the uprising of communism and fascism in the 20th century be seen as responses to the crises of capitalism? 05:26 Why is it important for us to think about the history of the Cold War, and how we think about the history of the Cold War (and beforehand)? Why was the Russian Revolution such a massive, world-historical event? 12:50 How does the Western response to the Russian Revolution (and the ensuing civil war) shape the trajectory of Soviet communism towards state power? How does the need to accumulate capital lead to a communism that, when lived on the ground, is essentially like fascism? 26:14 How does the brief, tenuous alliance between the Soviet Union and the U.S. during World War II collapse into the Cold War? Post-WWII, how and why do perceptions form, at least in Northern and Western Europe, of communism as more viable and powerful than capitalism, a perception immensely foreign to us in the U.S.? How does this lead to the rise of social democracy, or at least social democratic party and policy, in Europe? 35:26 What's social democracy, and how does it differ from ‘ameliorated capitalism'? How is the role of charities in ameliorated capitalism similar to the role of the state in social democracy? 39:29 What is the move that takes us from social democracy to democratic socialism? Why is a fundamental restructuring and redistribution of resources necessary to democratic socialism, and what are some historical examples of this? 46:31 If America is heading towards further and further privatization, how does that create problems over who has the power to make decisions over economic and political life? How do those tensions over equality of power also exist in a democratic socialist society in which the state has control over resources and distribution? 56:26 If we're going to have the structural changes needed to face our crises and still respect everyone's autonomy? How will this require changes in the way we live, and the way we think about how we live?

Depois de breve hiato o ClioCast volta com um episódio especial: estamos participando da Semana Antifa da Podosfera Antifascista e a nossa bancada formada pelo Bruno, Victor e Gustavo faz um panorama histórico sobre o fascismo, desde o período entre-guerras até os nossos dias.Perfil do Irene no Céu no Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/irenenoceu/Resenha do Victor para o livro Como Nasce e Morre o Fascismo: https://medium.com/clio-historia-e-literatura/como-nasce-e-morre-o-fascismo-clara-zetkin-uma-resenha-cr%C3%ADtica-4459283c6766Trilha sonora do programa: Our Dream - Sovietwave Mix, link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMoCM_FgLP8Bibliografia:Livros:Clara Zetkin - Como Nasce e Morre o FascismoLeon Trostky - Como Esmagar o FascismoArtigos:André Rodrigues - Bandeiras Negras Contra Bandeiras Verdes: Anarquismo e antifascismo nos jornais A Plebe e A Lanterna (1932-1935)http://e-revista.unioeste.br/index.php/temposhistoricos/article/view/17657Ricardo Figueiredo de Castro - A Frente Única Antifascista (FUA) e o antifascismo no Brasil (1933-1934)http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2237-101X2002000200354Ricardo Figueiredo de Castro - O Homem Livre: Um jornal a serviço da liberdade (1933-1934)https://www.ifch.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/ael/article/view/2520/1930Links:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-fascismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa_(United_States)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-World_War_II_anti-fascismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifaschistische_Aktionhttps://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa_(Brasil)https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frente_%C3%9Anica_Antifascistahttps://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Homem_LivreTem alguma dúvida, crítica, sugestão?Manda no nosso e-mail cliohistoriaeliteratura@gmail.comCampanha de financiamento contínuo no CatarseEntre em www.catarse.me/clio e conheça a nossa campanha de financiamento coletivo no Catarse, a partir de R$ 5,00 você já ajuda o Clio a se manter no ar e produzir mais conteúdos para vocês Financiadores desse episódioBruno Machado, Cristina Lima, Gabriel Bastos, Gui Aschar, Humberto Athayde, Lucas Pereira, Marcelo Kriiger, Natália Castilho, Paula Guisard, Rosana Vecchia, Suzana AthaydeSiga o Clio nas redes sociaisYouTube - Instagram - Twitter - Facebook

The Aftermath (2019) Post World War II, a British colonel and his wife are assigned to live in Hamburg during the post-war reconstruction, but tensions arise with the German who previously owned the house.

The Aftermath (2019) Post World War II, a British colonel and his wife are assigned to live in Hamburg during the post-war reconstruction, but tensions arise with the German who previously owned the house.

The World Bank hasn’t always made loans to education. Post-World War II, the Bank focused mainly on infrastructure. Even when it did start lending to education in the 1960s, it used the idea of manpower planning, the process of estimating the number of people with specific skills required for completing a project. Only in the 1970s did the World Bank begin to think of education in terms of rates of return: the cost-benefit calculation that uses expected future earning from one’s educational attainment. The introduction of rates of return inside the World Bank was no easy process. The internal fights by larger-than-life personalities were the stuff legends are made from. Yet, these disputes often go unnoticed, hidden behind glossy reports and confidence. Today Stephen Heyneman takes us back in time when he introduced rates of return to the World Bank. He discusses how he used them to his advantage and how he ultimately lost his job because of them. Stephen Heyneman is Professor Emeritus of international education policy at Peabody College, Vanderbilt University. He served the World Bank for 22 years between 1976 and 1998.

SUITS People wear suits. People love suits. People hate suits. There’s a popular TV series called Suits. Suits tell stories. They tell stories, and we buy into them. Sometimes, the stories are innocent. Sometimes, they’re not. This episode explores the history of suits in Western culture. It looks at how styles have changed as well as the symbolic stories that accompany those styles. You’ll learn about how you see others and yourself as we travel through time with changing fashions. These are some of the stops we’ll make along the way: Regency period – early 19th century – the age of Beau Brummell, a British dandy and fashion setter. Victorian period – mid 19th century – the age of the morning coat and the introduction of the dinner jacket for men. Edwardian period – early 20th century – the morning coat becomes standard business dress in town and country. Post World War I into the 1920s – short suits become popular and the dinner jacket dominates. Post World War II – emergence of the grey flannel suit – it comes to represent drab middle class conformity. Late 20th century and early 21st – rise of the individualistic entrepreneur – the gradual demise of corporate culture Today, the suit does not tell the story of influence, respectability, and authority as strongly as it used to.  We see the rise of new icons like Gary Vee, slightly disheveled, rough around the edges, and highly influential. A new look with a new story. The story of suits is the story of power and influence. What stories do your clothes tell, and how do they affect your happiness and success?

What does it mean to be a conscientious consumer of food? Does it make a difference to the economy, the environment, or is it simply a personal decision? What do people of faith have to say about it? We'll explore these issues today on the Leading Voices in Food Podcast with our guest, Dr Aaron Gross, an Associate Professor of theology and religious studies at the University of San Diego. About Aaron Gross Aaron Gross as a historian of religions who writes and speaks about animals and factory farming, as well as modern and contemporary Jewish thought and ethics, and Jewish food and animal ethics in particular. He is the co-chair of the American Academy of Religions' Animals and Religion Group and is the founder and CEO of Farm Forward, a nonprofit advocacy organization that seeks to promote conscientious food choices, reduce animal suffering, and to advance sustainable agriculture. Aaron, you write and speak about animals in factory farming. What first inspired you to engage in this work, both in your scholarship and through the Farm Forward? I think entrance into the food space often comes through different doors. For me, the door was really thinking about animals. And it happened when I was pretty young, based on values I had from my family and the real, kind of explosive moment, was learning about industrial farming, really from reading materials from nonprofit organizations and just getting a kind of quick picture of what the poultry industry, beef industry, and the pork industry had come to look like. And I had a very different vision of what that was supposed to be. On my mother's side, she grew up on a working farm. I had a kind of picture of what those ethics were supposed to be. A lot of my own values I understood as really coming out of an experience of being a farmer. And it was this huge delta between the reality of what I had learned had become virtually totally dominant, And this other picture of what farming should be. It kind of first propelled me into these issues. First with the sensitive sensitivity to the animal issue. But once you start paying attention to the system, you realize it's kind of a bad for multiple issues at once. Many issues intersect there. So I became more interested in the ecological issues. Ultimately the questions of social justice and equity concerned me. And so it's not been hard to make a career of it. It turns out You've collaborated with novelist Jonathan Safran Foer on the book and subsequent documentary Eating Animals. Could you tell me more about the genesis of that partnership? Yeah. One of the interesting experiences that I've had is the reactions I get from people when I tell them I'm interested in these issues. In particular, reactions that I often get to being a vegetarian, which is surprisingly complicated in ways that I didn't necessarily expect. There's a certain kind of way you can find yourself threatening people without having any intention to because you eat very differently. This was something that Jonathan and I got to kind of bond over when there was a major investigation into a kosher slaughterhouse that became a pretty national issue that broke in the New York Times. Follow up stories ended up being part of my dissertation later on, but when it first happened, it exposed just horrific cruelty in a kosher slaughterhouse. Aberrant stuff. So the details are difficult and not necessarily worth the trauma of rehearsing them. Not specific to kosher, or it didn't have to be specific to kosher, though it was bound up with it in this case. And Jonathan and I both as people from a Jewish background cared about it more because of that kind of connection to our community. And we got talking and we both had that same experience that his on and off and my fairly steady commitment to vegetarianism had provoked a lot of interesting intellectual conversations that told us that there was some depth going on here. Something that was raising deeper questions for people. And Jonathan wanted to write about this, that is a combination of kind of social concern, kind of animal suffering at the center and kind of going out to consider all those other issues I mentioned. And then tying that with the reality that not anybody can talk about these issues. Just directly talking about, the animal suffering and environmental pollution or social inequity tied with it often just shuts people down. And so it seemed like a good challenge for somebody who is primary a novelist and works kind of with empathy and how do you speak to people on their own terms. And for me, coming at it more as an advocate, and a scholar, it was an exciting thing to be able to help somebody who has that facility in writing and that kind of audience talk about these issues. So it was a very exciting collaboration. You started the organization Farm Forward in 2007. Could you tell our listeners just what makes the organization unique and what are some of your goals? Yeah, so at the time I started Farm Forward, it was the only organization that specifically focused on factory farming as an issue instead of it being a kind of subset of a larger agenda. There were a lot of other organizations working on it at the time as there are now. I felt good about those organizations, but I thought not being able to focus exclusively on this issue lead to certain kinds of challenges. So the main motivation was just, there wasn't really a space completely focused on this and one of the effects of that was you tended to have a split in orientation. Some that would be advocating for vegetarianism or veganism as a way to kind of combat or divest from factory farming. And those groups would talk about meat reduction, but very unlikely to talk about high welfare farming and really serious support for farmers who were trying to do it outside of the factory farm system. Certainly no resource allocation. They might feel good about it, but tended to not do it. On the other hand, you had groups which were pretty committed to helping farmers, trying to get people who are running sustainable high welfare farms to survive. But in general, in that community, not so good to acknowledge that vegetarianism and veganism might be another way to challenge the factory farm. What do you mean by high welfare farming? So that's a complicated question. Yeah, it would depend on the industry. So we'd have to really drill down and look at specifically, the meat industry and poultry or the egg laying industry in poultry. And I could tell you about some of my particular thoughts. What I'll say is the shorthand is there's a certification called Global Animal Partnership. That's the largest animal welfare certification in the country. At all Whole Foods stores though products with that label are sold everywhere. And they break it into five tiers. Tier one being just a little bit better than industry standard, and tier five being kind of top tier and you could walk through all of those differences. So when I'm saying high welfare, I'm thinking things that are step three, four and five on the gap system, things that are significantly better than average but may or may not be optimal. And that's directly related to the treatment of the animals. So welfare, I'm using specifically to refer to the treatment of animals. Though the correlation between welfare and sustainability and justice issues is far greater than I think is generally appreciated. And in my own kind of reflection on these issues, I think it's often a reluctance to address these issues in tandem that leads to the kind of fractured approaches to resisting factory farming. I mean, what we do know is nobody's really been successful resisting factory farming. It's just grown, and grown more slowly in places where there's been points of resistance, but that's not exactly a victory and I do think that has a lot to do with the way in which people who would have a concern about factory farming has been kind of divided into these different constituencies which then can be handled. How are those things linked - the environmental sustainability and the animal welfare? So a lot of the environmental problems come from concentrating animals and unnatural numbers and if we look at the kind of history of how that happened, it broke a lot of taboos about how you raised animals. Post World War II you have a change in attitude towards farming and the kind of introduction of a strongly, well let's say an attitude that claimed science as it's guiding kind of light though no more motivated by kind of industry and profit, but claiming a scientific outlook. And they really kind of overthrew husbandry treatment oriented approaches. So this was very visible at universities. You had departments of animal husbandry closed down and replaced by departments of animal science, which is pretty much what we have today at big land grant universities, at least in the U.S. It's a little bit more complicated in places like India where there still are departments of animal husbandry. So husbandry referred to a tradition that was very serious about productivity and economics. It was about, raising animals in an economic context, but that had long standing values that came out of the farm tradition kind of baked into it. That was, in some ways, the point of a critique of the scientists. So this isn't a fully rational system, this is a system that's got these, a strange ways of looking at things. They consider animals as sentient beings that have to be managed as such, instead of just an economic production unit. So straight through the 1970s, if you look at an industrial farm magazines and materials, the language, which is not the way they would put today, is extremely explicit in terms of things like treat the pig just like a machine. Don't look at these as animals. Look at them as production units. And where you previously had a kind of concern for the animals overall wellbeing kind of balanced with profitability and linked to profitability--where you genuinely had an overlap between keeping an animal healthy and vibrant and having an animal that would be profitable for you. And that link was just totally severed in this new system. It said if we could completely erase all of our values and just could do anything we want to these animals, how would we raise them? What would we do? And so you had a very different system arise and one of the things that you started doing was cramming animals in small spaces and figuring out you could make that work if you gave them drugs in their feed and controlled their conditions inside. And then you had a concentration of feces that turned from an advantage and extensive systems that were driven by kind of husbandry logic to becoming a kind of toxic problem. And then you had, good old things like the expense of getting rid of that, driving a kind of let's just let it leak out into the rivers and so forth. And so you have kind of pollution. You also are eliminating at the same time, the small farmer. So, if you go back to the 1920s, we're dealing with something like 25 million-plus small poultry farms producing eggs with an average of less than 30 birds. Now you can't be producing eggs with less than, I mean, realistically, probably no less than 100,000 birds. That is a couple barns with at least, 30,000 animals in a barn. Totally different system. And you also went from a lot of independent ownership. A lot of the Ag industry was, for example, in the hands of a women, to being owned by these corporations, which increasingly became totally vertically integrated. And so you had all these questions of how people were now being treated. So instead of it being a place where somebody can, work hard and make a living and build a farm, it became a system where people were hired hands, or these contract farmers. Especially in the poultry industry where they're technically independent farmers, but they don't own their birds, the equipment and stuff that's mortgaged and they're completely in the control of the large companies by design. So here now, we've got a kind of justice issue kind of mixed into this, but it's in some ways driven by throwing out this ethical orientation of traditional animal husbandry and deciding to cease looking at animals as animals. And cease looking at farming as a system of organizing how we relate to other life forms and seeing it just as a business. What is Farm Forward's role in taking us back to more of a husbandry and sort of welfare minded system and what are the activities that you engage in to do self? We try to work in three areas that is changing actual farming practices, changing things on the farm, changing how people are eating, especially at an institutional level and changing the stories we tell. Obviously the way I just narrated the history of modern farming is not the way we normally tell that story, which is one of victory and progress and efficiency with, oh, maybe there was a few problems introduced as we got efficient along the way. So in the area of farming, we do a lot of work through certifications. This is one of the ways to add value to a farmer's product in a way that also a consumer who doesn't necessarily have a lot of knowledge can trust. So I see one of the best ways to help farmers is getting them into certification systems, making sure certification systems are actually farmer friendly, because a lot of the best farmers are least adapted to current certification system. So I would say that's one of the major areas we're working on right now. If you want to just get a lot of people in a certification system, you're working with industry because that's the dominant industry. And so you could create a certification system that does improve things for animals, improve conditions on the farm for the workers, but isn't necessarily really focusing on the best farmers. It's focusing on a little bit better than the norm. Getting really top farmers in the system and getting them to benefit from it is a more challenging thing. So that's where those tiers, I mentioned before, having a tiered welfare system where your lower tiers are going to be an inexpensive product that's produced in a way that's better than average, but probably not optimal. Acknowledging that that's not the best, instead of just saying it's got a humane label, it's perfect. Where tiers four and five should really be representing a relatively small number of farmers into tier five who were really the leaders and who needed to be reached out to probably don't have the resources to be putting time into doing the kind of paperwork and stuff that's involved in doing these certifications, and getting them in the system in an easy way that really allows them to communicate to the public what they're doing. What are the kinds of practices that make you a top farmer in your eyes or the eyes of this certification? Yeah, so let me speak to that. Again, it'll be industry specific. So let's take the chicken meat industry, which is really the most fully industrialized. One of the tragedies in the chicken industry that is not as well understood as it could be is the way in which genetics have driven suffering. So the chickens we eat today, if I compare them to chickens from 50, 60, 70 years ago, they're growing three times as fast while eating a third of the feed daily. So sort of picture this: you're dealing with, if you were to imagine an analogy with a human child, you've got a five year old who's gone through puberty, it looks like they're 15 and they've only eaten breakfast. It's a dramatic a modification of the animal's genome and it's done through a form of breeding that doesn't involve gene splicing, but is definitively I think genetic engineering by any kind of common sense definition of it, even if it falls outside of that definition by a certain kind of technical definition. And one of the features that's know very bad for farmers is it means the animals that are sold to farmers can't be reproduced. So you have to go back to the corporation to get these things. One of the things that's very bad for animals is their bodies are built to grow so fast that for about the last third of their life, they're in chronic pain. They can't walk without pain. They certainly can't fly, which is a normal thing for a chicken to be able to do. I remember seeing kids visit a traditional farm, getting to the higher welfare farm ,seeing chickens fly and being like, chickens don't fly! And the farmer responds, my chickens do! So there are farmers who have preserved the traditional genetics. These birds are going to grow slower, they're going to cost more, the feed is going to be a lot more, but they're going to have healthy, robust immune systems. They're gonna survive out on pasture. They can navigate through a foot of snow. It's a totally different kind of animal and that would be the real distinguishing characteristic in poultry of top tier. And if you wanted to identify it, it would be you're looking for American Poultry Association certified breeds, the ones that were a pre this kind of hybrid breeding system that I mentioned, this intensified breeding. Let's focus in on the top or best or better kind of value base assignments that you've given. How would you respond to folks who would argue that in terms of efficiency and farmer livelihood and the market-based system that they're operating within, how to assign those values of being better on the welfare side versus the ability to run a farm efficiently in the current system that's set people up to do things in a more efficient manner in the CAFO (Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation Style) and that produces affordable food for folks. Well, two things there. One, I think it's really a myth that the system is efficient. You've caught me that I've said ", in the name of efficiency," but the reality is the system only appears to be efficient because of the degree of externalities. If you externalize all your environmental costs, you've externalized all your workers healthcare costs, deliberately organize your processing and slaughter plants with the use of undocumented labor. If you do all these things, yeah you can "be efficient," but somebody is paying for it. And this is not even getting into the health problems that get generated by just a quantity of otherwise previously expensive foods like meat dropping in price and quantity explosion and that creating other issues. So I'm not so sure it's actually more efficient, but a farmer in that system has to face that dilemma and we just have to be attentive to that. That's where a certification is very powerful because a certification can allow the farmer to sell their product for more. The truth is there's plenty of people ready to pay more for higher welfare products. The problem is with the supply, is with getting that supply, and building the connective tissue in a kind of reliable way. So consumers, in some ways I've already kind of stepped up and said, if you all demonstrate to me that this product is really different, I'm ready to pay a good bit more for it. And this is true across economic classes. I mean in rural India with people living on the equivalent or five or $6 a day, it is common for them to pay 100 percent more, twice as much for eggs or meat from birds that are the equivalent of these heritage birds I mentioned in the Indian context. So whether we're talking about in the US or abroad, wealthy people or people of modest means--they're ready to pay more for animals that have been raised in a good way. We just haven't created the system that allows the truly high welfare farmer to distinguish him or herself from somebody who's just trying to game the system and make money off of this demand. So free range, for example, is an unregulated term that means virtually nothing. Somebody who is marking up their chicken and calling it free range might be doing something better, might not. Right? Those are the kinds of problems we need to address. Your scholarship focuses on religion, especially the Jewish tradition. So how does that faith-based element factor into your work? Excellent. Yeah, so I mentioned that one of the things Farm Forward tries to focus on this narrative. One of the things I think we often don't realize in change movements is the degree to which we have narratives that shape what we do. And this is where religion becomes very powerful because religion often holds the kind of master narratives that guide us in communities of faith, are the places where we discussed these stories about who we want to be. Is efficiency our ultimate value? At the end of our lives we want to say, "and I was efficient as a farmer," or do we want to talk about values like stewardship, which has a long tradition going back to the Bible. And what would that really mean and how would it look like? So faith communities I think are both places we can tell the story of farming differently, and also resources for what that new story might look like. Produced by Deborah Hill, Duke World Food Policy Center

Rhianna Dhillon reviews Joe Cornish's latest film ‘The Kid Who Would Be King' Netflix's ‘The Umbrella Academy' and the new TV show ‘Traitors'. Dr Hannah Fry tells us how to win massively in monopoly and breaks down the maths behind Artificial Intelligence. Chiwetel Ejiofor joins us to chat about directing his first feature film 'The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind' and Keira Knightley drops by to talk about her new Post-World War II film ‘The Aftermath'

Kriben Govender (Honours Degree in Food Science & Technology) and James Shadrach (Honours Degree in Psychology) have a wide ranging discussion with Dr Zach Bush MD on the rise of autism, glyphosate and the microbiome, plant based eating, regenerative farming and much more   Bio: Zach Bush, MD is one of the few triple board-certified physicians in the USA with expertise in Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Hospice/Palliative care. The breakthrough science that Dr. Bush and his colleagues have delivered offer profound new insights into human health and longevity. In 2012, he discovered a family of carbon-based redox molecules made by bacteria. He and his team subsequently demonstrated that this cellular communication network functions to compensate for glyphosate, and many other dietary, chemical, and pharmaceutical toxins that disrupt our body's natural defence systems. This science has resulted in a revolutionary class of dietary supplements, including the product, RESTORE. Dr. Bush points to his kids as the driving force behind his passion for change. He is fiercely motivated by a desire to have them experience a much brighter and healthier future. His education efforts provide a grassroots foundation from which we can launch change in our legislative decisions, ultimately up-shifting consumer behaviour to bring about radical change in the mega industries of big farming, big pharma, and Western Medicine at large. Learn more at www.zachbushmd.com, www.intrinsichealthseries.com, and www.restore4life.com.   Topics discussed:   Gut Brain connection  Our three brains Human connection via technology What does it mean to be human? Collision of spirituality and science The significance of Vacuum space and the Flower of Life https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlapping_circles_grid#Modern_usage http://www.davidfurlong.co.uk/egypttour_osirion.html Data flow in Black Holes and Hawking Radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation Collective consciousness Extinction of the earth’s biology and the human race Life boats off planet earth Why are we getting sicker?  Chronic disease in children The Healthcare Burden The Rise of Autism The Productivity burden of Chronic Diseases Can Australia learn from the USA Glyphosate (Roundup) Cancer Alley- The highest rate of cancer on the planet Glyphosate (Roundup)- The microbiome destroyer The Impact of Glyphosate (Roundup) in Australia Childhood Asthma in Australia A message for Australian Policy Makers and Politicians The intrepidness of Australian Consumers Transition to Regenerative Agriculture http://farmersfootprint.us/our-story/ https://www.charliearnott.com.au/ (AUS) Carbon Depletion in Plants via NPK usage The effective of over tilling on the soil mycobiome  The benefits of Soil rolling and crimping/ live stock management Recovering ancient seed banks to rejuvenate top soil Cover crops What is leaky gut? Glyphosate(Roundup) and the microbiome Our intelligent barrier system- tight junctions Alcohol and leaky gut The Impact Glyphosate on our barrier system Tight junctions in blood vessels and blood brain barrier Endocrine dysfunction What is Terrahydrite (Restore)? Terrahydrite, a liquid circuit board for cellular communication Terrahydrite and Ageing  Why are seeing a rise in Autoimmune dysfunction The cascade of multiple Autoimmune dysfunctions How Zach instills his values to his children Choosing low footprint foods The benefit of plant based eating on our planet Reducing meat consumption The negative impacts of dairy milk Fermented dairy products The impact of pasteurised dairy Eating Organic Organic to Regenerative Farm Know your farmer Zach’s top diet tip       Brought to you by:   Nourishmeorganics- Gut Health Super Store- Shine from the Inside https://www.nourishmeorganics.com.au/   Restore Products available here (10% off using code Zach):   https://www.nourishmeorganics.com.au/collections/restore    Allele Microbiome- Gut Microbiome Testing   Shop Microbiome Stool testing (10% off Gut Explorer Pro using code: gutlove)    https://www.allele.com.au/collections/frontpage/products/gut-microbiome-analysis     Connect with Dr Zach Bush MD:   Website- http://zachbushmd.com/ Facebook- https://www.facebook.com/ZachBushMD/ Twitter- https://twitter.com/DrZachBush Youtube- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1SXr9d2DYawP_bwcNpbd2w Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/zachbushmd/      Connect with Kriben Govender:  Facebook- https://www.facebook.com/kribengee/ Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/kribengovender/ Youtube- https://www.youtube.com/c/Nourishmeorganics?sub_confirmation=1 Gut Health Gurus Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/nourishmeorganics/     Download links             If you enjoyed this episode and would like to show your support:   1) Please subscribe on Itunes and leave a positive review     Instructions:   - Click this link  https://itunes.apple.com/au/podcast/gut-health-gurus-podcast/id1433882512?mt=2   - Click "View in Itunes" button on the left hand side - This will open Itunes app - Click "Subscribe" button - Click on "Ratings and Reviews" tab - Click on "Write a Review" button     2) Subscribe, like and leave a positive comment on Youtube   https://www.youtube.com/c/Nourishmeorganics?sub_confirmation=1   3) Share your favourite episode on Facebook, Instagram, and Stories 4) Let your friends and family know about this Podcast by email, text, messenger etc   5) Support us on Patreon for as little as $5 per month and get same day, early access to our latest podcasts (typically around 4 to 6 weeks earlier than the general public) https://www.patreon.com/nourishmeorganics   Thank you so much for your support. It means the world to us.   Full Transcript   Kriben Govender:          Hey, you guys. Kriben Govender from the Gut Health Gurus Podcast. I've got a background in food science. My colleague, James Shadrach, has got a background in psychology. We have got a guest for you today, Dr. Zach Bush, MD, coming live from the US. Zach, thank you so much for coming on the show. Zach Bush:                    What a pleasure to be on with you guys. Thank you, everybody listening, for your time and attention and interest in this subject. We're really going to be knocking on some of the most important foundations of the human health, human epidemics of disease around the world, and really the financial wellness of our nations going forward. So excited to have all you guys present. Thank you for being so kind to have me here as a guest. Kriben Govender:          Our pleasure. Zach, what we like to do is, just to set the scene for the audience, who is Dr. Zach Bush, MD? Zach Bush:                    You're making it sound very mysterious there. But, yeah, I think I'm on a lifelong journey to figure that out as well. I think that's part of why we're here. It's to figure out who we are and why we're here and where we're heading. Zach Bush:                    I am, I think, a reformed or continuously reforming medical doctor. I spent 17 years in the academic experience of becoming a doctor and going through all my postdoctoral training. I became triple board-certified first in internal medicine. I went on in internal medicine in the hospital environment to be chief resident and teach residents and students and faculty at University of Virginia. Zach Bush:                    Then went on to a fellowship training in endocrinology and metabolism, which is the study of hormones and how they regulate everything from the brain to a neurologic function to organ systems, things like the thyroid, reproduction, different aspects. It was then on faculty in endocrinology at the University of Virginia. Zach Bush:                    Decided to leave my research in 2010. My research was in chemotherapy development in cancer and how it related to nutrition ultimately, like how does metabolism or the fueling of the machine have to do with cancer cells. That was my niche was finding chemotherapeutic nutritional agents, vitamin A compounds and the like, that could disrupt cancer metabolism at the mitochondrial level. Zach Bush:                    I left all of that in 2010 to start a nutrition center in a poverty-stricken area of Virginia, a little town of 550 people, serving about 40,000 rural people who really were in a food desert; no grocery stores of any quality, et cetera. Zach Bush:                    In that journey, I had to continuously be deconstructing my understanding of not just being a doctor in human health, but really deconstructing my understanding of biology itself. What does it mean to be biologically human? That has a lot to do with things like inflammation, immune function, all these general topics. But, interestingly, excited be on your show because you tie in the psychology so well. Zach Bush:                    The psychology and mental health turns out to be very tied into nutrition now. We know that have turned over the last decade to this whole gut-brain axis as a huge new understanding of human physiology, and that makes it sound like the human gut is tied to the human brain. While that is true, and every day more true, the new science over the last three or four years that's really pointing to the microbiome, the ecosystem outside of the human is actually regulating the gut which is regulating the brain. Zach Bush:                    In a very interesting fashion, we can say that the first brain, from my perspective, is now the microbiome. The second brain is the gut and how it deals with the information of the microbiome. Then the third brain, the central processing unit, and nothing more than that, is the human brain. Zach Bush:                    We have to stop thinking of this as the cognitive center of human experience. Start to understand it's only our relationship to nature itself that would initiate the opportunity for self-identity in a world of consciousness, for the initial thought, for the maintenance of healthy brain function. Zach Bush:                    90% of the serotonin made in the body is made in the gut lining, the [inaudible 00:04:19] cells. 50% of the dopamine is made in the gut lining and another 40% of the total body is made in the kidneys. So 90% of dopamine, 90% of serotonin. That's a whole new world for understanding neuropathologies, neuro health, all of this. Zach Bush:                    Who is Zach Bush is starting to become really I am a product of my environment, and my environment is certainly my microbiome at the individual level. I'm starting to understand myself better and better in relationship to I'm only as healthy as the ecosystem that I live within. Zach Bush:                    If I limit my experience to drywall boxes that we call houses, plastic off-gassing cars, and a carpeted, artificially-infused office space, if that's my environment, I can't actually be Zach Busch. I will be some sort of diminishing version of Zach Bush, but I won't be the full self-identity, self-encapsulated, self- purposed machine that I should be. Zach Bush:                    That's at the individual level. But what I'm finding in my own life is my spiritual wellness and my own psychological conception of cognition is starting to rise as I get more and more integrated into the macro community as well. It's only through interacting with beautiful people like yourselves that I really get to see myself in its fullest measure. Zach Bush:                    This is the phenomenon and the beauty of community and my one excitement about technology. In general, I think the information technology age has threatened human health on many, many levels. But the one silver lining is connection. The ability for us to sit here and look at each other ... You're at 3:00 a.m. there, so it's kind of you guys to be up in the middle night for me, I'm mid-morning here in Virginia, and yet we're having a real communion together through this technological thing. Zach Bush:                    We can celebrate the opportunity we have to become a global community outside of the manipulation of the third parties that has historically determined who your network is, who is your sphere of influence who can help you move to your next level. That's now become freely accessible to the vast majority of humans. Carry a cell phone, you're connected to the world. Zach Bush:                    I am excited that while we continue to understand the extraordinary relationship and opportunity we have in the microbiome, that's our micro-ecosystem. Our macro-ecosystem should mirror that in opportunity. That's a long answer that I'm starting to think lays the foundation for the rest of our conversation. Kriben Govender:          Absolutely. Zach, what does it mean to be human? Zach Bush:                    Wow! Such a cool question. I think this is something that's always been batted around by the spiritual world, religion giving us some constructs over the last 5,000 years, no matter if it's in the pre-Christian world where we have the Roman and Greek mythologies predated by the Persian mythologies and going back in time. The spiritual religious realms have been batted around. What is it to be human? What are gods? What is outside of human consciousness? Where's all this coming from? Zach Bush:                    That, of course, went into conflict in some ways with the scientific realm as the Persians developed the science. Then that matured through the brilliance of the Greek philosophy and starting to really wrap systematic thought processes and philosophical structures around the science. We're good 3,000, 4,000 years into collision of religion and science in regard to this question of was is it to be human. Zach Bush:                    My [inaudible 00:08:04] about being alive right this moment and in the part of my career that I'm in right now is I feel like, for the first time in 180,000 years of human existence, we're knocking on this moment now where religion and spiritual belief systems are cross-secting scientific evidence. We're starting at what is the fabric of being human? But it has a lot of structures that haven't been preached to or understood in the spiritual realm. Zach Bush:                    What is it to be human, you are ultimately made of the same fabric that the stars are made of, that the planet itself is made of, bizarrely, even the vacuum space out there between the planets. You're made of the same fabric, and that fabric is a combination of atoms and their system. An atom is the building block for what would be an element in the periodic chart. The periodic chart becomes the building blocks for a molecule. A molecule becomes a building block for a cell. A cell becomes the building block for a human organ. Human organs become the building blocks for a whole 70 trillion-celled organism that we would call human. Zach Bush:                    But one thing that we have to hold on to, because right now if you go into a doctor, they're going to do maybe a CT scan or an MRI and take pictures of all your organs, and they're going to convince you that you're an organ system creature and you're built up of two kidneys and a liver and a brain and the neurologic system and two lungs and heart. It's a rudimentary belief system about who you are and what you are physically. Zach Bush:                    What's been lacking in modern medicine, which is anything but modern when you start to consider the physics of the situation, the modern medicine continues to look at the solid part of you. The problem with that is that only 0.001% of you is actually solid. 99.999% of you is actually vacuumed space. Zach Bush:                    That is truth based on the structure again of the atom. The atoms that make up the entire universe are inherently a tiny, tiny bit solid. There's a tiny little solid core made up of protons and neutrons, which, bizarrely, actually have the same structure. A proton has the same structure as the black hole that's in the center of our galaxy. It's a double tetrahedron. Zach Bush:                    Bizarrely, that double tetrahedron is the three-dimensional Star of David or the star on the Muslim flag or it is the two dimension ... If you project the three-dimensional structure, which is called a 64 double tetrahedron, down into a two-dimensional structure, it's actually the flower of life. Zach Bush:                    That two-dimensional design of the flower of life, if you haven't seen this thing, just Google flower of life and you'll see a million different depictions of this, and you'll find out that that depiction was actually etched with some sort of laser technology. We don't know what it was, but predating the Egyptians, whoever built the pyramids 10,000 years ago, etched this flower of life into the structures, into the blocks of many other pyramids. Zach Bush:                    All the way back 10,000 years, somehow they knew that this was the secret to life itself. This was the structure that was the fabric of everything. To find out now in just the last few years that that flower of life, when popped into a three-dimensional structure, is a 64 double tetrahedron, which was the structure of our proton, which is the structure of a black hole, you start to realize what is it to be human? To be human is simply to be yet another face, another pixel version of the expression of the universe itself. Kriben Govender:          Wow! Zach Bush:                    That sounds very heady and very grandiose on some level, and yet we have some very interesting concrete proof that this actually plays out at the macro level of being human and being in the human experience. These experiments were done on college campuses. Zach Bush:                    Before I tell you what the study was, I need to explain to you that a black hole, whether out in a galaxy or representing the structure of a single proton in one of your atoms, is a structure called a double torus in regard to its motion. It's a gravitational field that pulls everything inside of it. People are familiar with the black hole concept, right? It's such a powerful gravitational force. It even pulls light into it. Zach Bush:                    Well, part of that thing that's getting sucked in at the proton level is actually the electron itself. We think that the electron is being sucked right inside the proton into the black hole and then spitting back out, and it's cycling in and out of there in an extraordinarily fast millionths of a second speed of rate. Zach Bush:                    The black holes out in the universe also are taking in and spitting out electrical data. Stephen Hawking, the famous astrophysicists who passed away recently, Stephen Hawking became famous for discovering these particles that are coming out of this information stream, out of black holes in the universe, and so they got named Hawking particles. He held that that was this random information flowing out of black holes. Zach Bush:                    It turns out that many other physicists, and including himself in the end, would agree that there seemed to be structure to that information, meaning that there's some sort of data or knowledge that's flowing in and out of black holes. He and other physicists have proved that all the black holes are connected through wormholes or some other phenomenon in the astrophysics quantum world, such that any black hole putting in and out information would have the same information exchanged across all the black holes in the whole galaxy, and then in the whole universe [inaudible 00:13:59]. Zach Bush:                    As such, every single proton within every single atom within every single molecule within every self, we have complete singularity of access to information as well. How did they even start to look at this as a possibility of really being the fabric of reality we live in, because this sounds super weird? Zach Bush:                    What they do is they take two groups of students and they put them on opposite sides of the campus. They gave both groups a very complicated crossword puzzle. They asked the first group to start and they time the length at which they could finish this crossword puzzle. No communication, physically or otherwise, to the other group. The other group had to sit and wait for this team to finish. Zach Bush:                    They finish at 48 minutes. As soon as they finish, they wait I think it was five minutes or 10 minutes. They waited some number of minutes. Then they start the second group to solve the same crossword puzzle. They've done this many times now across different environments and always the second group finishes a few minutes faster than the first group. Kriben Govender:          Wow! Zach Bush:                    Meaning that there's an exchange of knowledge, there's an exchange of information through the experience of the first group traveling through vacuum space in connection to all of those black holes within each of those individuals. Zach Bush:                    That's a test environment on a university campus, but as an entrepreneur who has started a bunch of companies now, I get to bump into a bunch of entrepreneurs and thought leaders around the world now, and I see this happening actually on the macro, macro level, which is once an idea comes up through an inventor, as a new revelation happens, within a few months, I find out that somebody else over there on the other side of the world had the same thought within the same few-week period, and over there there was somebody else that almost had the same thought over there. Zach Bush:                    Knowledge is literally percolating up to the fabric of humanity, which is very hopeful to me, because if we look around, we have a complete desire in regard to our species in that every technological leap forward we have made has accelerated our consumptive behavior. We consume resources faster and faster and faster as a species and we're literally gobbling up the world's resources in regard to food, mineral resources, oil and gas, air itself, fresh water, you name it. We're using up the precious resources on earth and don't have a way to recycle that energy. If we don't change and if we don't break out of the behaviors and technologies that we currently depend on, then we're going to be extinct within roughly the next 60 to 70 years. Kriben Govender:          Wow! Zach Bush:                    That's a daunting and sad scenario. How do we know that? It's because of the current rate of extinction that we have on the planet. We're losing one species to extinction every 20 minutes. Even in this short podcast, we're going to lose two species that may have been even unnamed and undiscovered will disappear from the planet. Over the last 50 years, we've lost 40% of the biodiversity on the planet. We're nearly halfway done with the complete extinction of biology on the planet at the macro level. In [inaudible 00:17:10] years, we expect to collapse completely to the point where human existence becomes unviable on this planet. Zach Bush:                    It's not too much of a coincidence, I believe, that the billionaires around us who built this consumptive environment, the Amazons, the Facebooks, and all the advertisers out there that have built our consumer behavior and capitalized that, they are working on space travel. They're trying to figure out their exit strategy off a planet that is literally collapsing. They are trying to build their own lifeboats to jump off the Titanic because the Titanic already hit the iceberg. Zach Bush:                    Everybody who can see at this macro level because of their, level of influence or whatever it is, can see that everything is not viable. There's not a single sustainable company on the planet right now. With this understanding, they start looking for lifeboats off the planet. Kriben Govender:          Wow! Zach Bush:                    That's another long conversation to a short question of what does it mean to be human? To be human right now is a very, very big opportunity and a very, very big purpose. You showed up here right now. If you're on earth at the moment, you chose to show up. When I say you chose, I believe your soul jumped on into your body and animated you for a purpose at this tipping point of human history. Zach Bush:                    We've been here by the fossil record for 180,000 years and we got 60 years left, and you showed up right now, which means you showed up at the moment that you would have the potential to either be aware and awake and conscious to learn as much as you can and we can from the decline and ultimate disappearance of our species, so that perhaps in the universe we raise consciousness through this awful experience of extinction so that perhaps somewhere out there, life is being created on another planet or otherwise and with the knowledge and experience we have. Zach Bush:                    Either you're here to be conscious and awake to add to the experience of all of the mistakes we've had or you're here with me and everybody else to transform, to transcend, to rise consciousness to the point where we actually can reinvent our relationship to nature, so that we become a synergist, regenerative species rather than a consumptive species. We do have the opportunity to do that together, and I believe it's through the connection like we have here tonight. With the opportunity for human connection unperturbed by advertisers and all the other third-party manipulators, we can solve every problem on the planet by looking straight to nature for the templates of how life happens. Kriben Govender:          That's giving me goosebumps, Dr. Zach. I'm mind-blown. Thank you so much for sharing that wonderful monologue. It was amazing. Now I just wanted to go to sideways a little bit on why are we getting sicker? Zach Bush:                    Yes. This is the perfect next step in some ways because now we've painted the goal: we need to transform. To understand how we're going to get there, we need to understand where we are right at the moment. Over the last 30 years, we've seen the most rapid collapse never imagined. Never imagined. Zach Bush:                    I mean I've talked to a lot of the health experts that built the American healthcare system as it stands today back in the 1970s, and they predicted a lot of things in 1976 about the year 2000. They predicted oil and gas changes. They actually predicted the Internet and, in some ways, they predicted a lot of the technologies that would come along, and they prepared for that in their modeling of how human health in a healthcare system might be supported. Zach Bush:                    What they failed to imagine was the possibility that our total chronic disease burden in this country of the United States would move from 4% to 46% of our children with a chronic disease. 4% of the entire population in the late '60s had a chronic disease. Now 46% of just our children have a chronic disease. Zach Bush:                    There was nobody who could have imagined that level of collapse and there's nobody who prepared for the possibility of that financially or otherwise for our country to prepare us for that. We are now in free fall around the effort to support this. Zach Bush:                    Our entire military budget in the United States is at $680 billion a year roughly. An insane amount of money to spend on defense and trying to kill other people and all kinds of stupid stuff, but it pales in comparison as a number to the $3 trillion a year that we're spending five times more on trying to manage chronic disease, because remember we don't spend much money at all on prevention or health itself. We're spending all of that on disease management. $3 trillion, if you add it all up, we're upwards of $4 trillion between defense and human disease. Zach Bush:                    We're looking at an enormous portion of our gross domestic product going to non-productive aspects of human support. You create jobs, but you don't create productivity through a disease. That reality that we're in right now is being depicted because of this rise of chronic disease. Zach Bush:                    When did that start? It really took off in the 1990s. In 1992, we started to get a few echoes of it in the US. But it wasn't until '96, '98 where we see this extremely rapid rise in neurologic degenerative conditions. In our children, it was attention deficit and autism disorders. In our adults, in the males, it was Parkinson's. In the females, it was Alzheimer's, dementia. All of those conditions, children, women and men in the geriatric phase all started taking off with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's in the late '90s. Zach Bush:                    By the late 2000s, 2008, 2010, we had reached catastrophic levels of autism, for example. We had moved from one in 5,000 children with autism to one in 88 children with autism by 2012. In the next three years, between 2012 and 2015, we would again be one in 46 or one in 48 kids. Then one year later, our current numbers that just came out is one in 36 kids with autism. Just one year later. Zach Bush:                    We're on track right now in the United States to have one in three children on the autism spectrum by 2035. Just 16 years out. The next 16 years is going to determine if we can turn the boat around in this country. If we fail to change the fabric of human health in this country over those 16 years and we continue on our current trajectory, the US will no longer be a global power. It is literally impossible for us to keep up with expenses because the productivity is going to be dropping so fast. Zach Bush:                    If one in three children in a single generation have an autistic condition that's limiting their ability to engage on a productive physical level, then it's going to take two of that generation to take care of that one, just in their health care, just in the maintenance of that, their support and everything else. A whole generation is going to be spending all their money on one disease process, ignore that 80% of the adult population will have cancer by that time, not to mention all the mental health disorders, autoimmune diseases, chronic fatigue, chronic pain, you name all the rest of it. Now you start to see that there will not be a productive society by the mid-2030s in this country. Kriben Govender:          Wow! Zach Bush:                    What's our opportunity? Let's say, worst-case scenario, the US becomes the poster child on what not to do. You guys in Australia have an opportunity to very, very rapidly learn from what we've done and do it differently. We better quickly figure out how did the US manage to create chronic disease epidemics across the brain, across the immune system, across the liver, across the kidneys? How did all of the diseases take off at the same time in the mid-1990s? Zach Bush:                    That, of course, comes down to the smoking gun that my group in my lab had been working on for the last six years, which is ... It's 2019 now, for the last seven years. For the last seven [inaudible 00:25:30] been working on this molecule glyphosate. Glyphosate is the active ingredient in the weed-killer Roundup that's used worldwide on the genetically modified crops, so GMO corn and soybean grown in Australia, alfalfa, canola. All of these crops are now GMO. They've been genetically modified to be able to be sprayed directly with this chemical glyphosate. Zach Bush:                    Glyphosate started its spraying on crops in 1992 in the US with the application on wheat. Within a couple of years of that, we had an epidemic of wheat allergies called celiac disease and gluten-sensitivity. We invented gluten-sensitivity out of the application of glyphosate or Roundup to this gluten-containing wheat. Zach Bush:                    We now spray many of our staple crops, the legumes, the lentils, the beans. So many other things are being sprayed now just like the wheat, not to kill weeds but to actually dry the crop quicker. We use them as a desiccant. That desiccating process means that we're spraying the crop hours or days before harvest, which means that the individual is going to get very high residues of those chemicals. Zach Bush:                    Those aren't genetically modified compounds. In fact, they're trying to kill the plant faster and dry it out. Those aren't GMO'ed. They're simply heirloom grain or a hybridized grain that's being sprayed directly or, in case of the legumes, the same thing. Then there's the genetically modified compounds, the corn, soybean, and everything else that's being sprayed directly with the herbicides. Zach Bush:                    What's happened is water-soluble toxic called glyphosate at such high volumes around the planet, currently 5.5 billion pounds a year being sprayed, all of that being sprayed onto the soils of the planet. Water-soluble means that it doesn't stay on the surface of anything. It immediately gets intercalated or brought into the fruit or the vegetable in all its water content. Your typical fruit or vegetable is 60% to 70% water, just like the human body. It then goes into the water system, gets pulled into the river [inaudible 00:27:30] the oceans. Zach Bush:                    In the United States, we have the Mississippi River. It runs from north to south. The last 90 miles of the Mississippi River are between Baton Rouge and New Orleans, Louisiana. That is now called cancer alley. It has the highest rates of cancer in the entire developed world in the last 90 miles of the Mississippi River. Zach Bush:                    Why is that? I believe it's because 85% to 90% of all the glyphosate sprayed in our rich farmlands is ending up in one water system concentrating throughout the whole system of the Mississippi into that last 90 miles, and it's killing life starting at the microbial level. Zach Bush:                    Glyphosate, as it turns out, has not been patented as a weed-killer. It's been actually patented as an antimicrobial, antibiotic, antifungal, you name it. As that compound hits the microbiome of the soil or the water or the air, we could lose microbiome. As you lose microbiome, you lose the ability to grow larger things, plants, animals, humans, et cetera. Zach Bush:                    With a water-soluble molecule on this planet, it turns out it doesn't stay put in the river or the ocean that it's pouring into. It goes into the air itself. Through evaporation, we end up with 75% of the air around the Mississippi also contaminated with Roundup. We're breathing this compound. It turns out that that ends up in a cloud and now we have 75% of our rainfall contaminated with Roundup. Zach Bush:                    You're starting to get the picture that we're living it, we're breathing it, we're drinking it, we're eating it. One molecule all over the planet. We can follow the chronic diseases around the world in their progression with their adoption of glyphosate and Roundup and GMO cropping and the death of their soils. Zach Bush:                    For you guys in Australia, you were about 15 years behind us. We really took off in the US really aggressively with the spraying of this in early 1992, but it's really '96 that everything really launched. Zach Bush:                    Glyphosate as a compound came off patent in 2007 for taking over the vast majority of the production of generic glyphosate and dumping that into the global marketplace. Unfortunately, it had an extremely adverse effect on Australia because you guys had a free trade agreement with China that continues today, which means you were pennies on the dollar of glyphosate, which could be sprayed around your lands all over the place. Zach Bush:                    It wasn't just your farmers. Your homeowners are spraying it in their yards. Your municipal systems, if you're anything like [inaudible 00:29:59] along our roadways, along our utility lines, we're using it as a broad-spectrum killer of weeds all over the place, schoolyards. You go on down the list. Zach Bush:                    What do we see happening on the public health level, in the United States we have one in 10 children now with asthma, which we can track directly back to a small intestine injury from Roundup as it does its damage along the gut lining. If we look at in comparison, you guys had a very low level of childhood asthma right up until 2008, 2009, and then started rising. Zach Bush:                    You guys are actually seeing a faster rise in your children than even in the United States, and you're now one in four children with asthma. You guys are having a chronic disease epidemic that's going to be even probably out of proportion to the US if things don't change. Over the next 20 years, it's not going to be asthma that's going to cripple your economy. It's actually going to be the cancer and the degenerative neurologic conditions in your adult population that are going to cripple your economy. Zach Bush:                    You guys have a national healthcare system which is going to be paying every dollar of expense to manage this chronic disease epidemic as it takes off. If I were within your government or an advisor to your government, I would simply take all of our public health data and its trajectories, match you guys up there, and say, "Okay. Now we can predict what's going to happen five years out, 10 years out, and 20 years out if we don't change things in Australia." Zach Bush:                    One of the very fortunate things that you guys have, I think, is there is an intrepidness about the Australian people that is in conflict right now with the extreme bureaucratic tendencies of the government. The Australian government is even more bureaucratic than the US government in regard to things like drug oversights and a lot of health oversight and regulations around doctors and medical care and all of that. You guys are bumping into an intense regulatory, bureaucratic environment. Zach Bush:                    What I'd do is I'd work with Australian farmers and everything else. I'm just more and more convinced that you guys have, at the people level, an extreme tenacity and extreme tendency to have a revolutionary mindset. I think that that could really change technology fast in the farming industry quickly. Zach Bush:                    We're trying to step this up. Every dollar that we make out of my biotech company that's made by Restore, which is the [inaudible 00:32:28] from soil that we might talk about, every dollar there, we're flowing back into other companies, including we've started a non-profit now called Planet Earth Home, and Planet Earth Home is really working to show farmers that they really are the foundation for the future of our species. Zach Bush:                    If they change behavior and they start working synergistically to create a regenerative farm and soil management system, they can be the ones to revolutionize American or Australian health rather than the doctors who are always going to be just throwing Band-Aids on the problem. That's our excitement is, yeah, we have a lot of science that has flowed out of understanding human health out of our Restore products, but now we can reapply that science to the farming industry to educate those farmers why they may need to make this very rapid transition to regenerative agriculture. Kriben Govender:          [inaudible 00:33:17] pause for a minute just to dig in a little bit deeper. If there's any Australian farmers listening to this podcast, what are some of the practices they could be adopting to address this problem that we're facing in the world? Zach Bush:                    In a nutshell, I mean there's a very long answer that I'll try to avoid for that, just because I don't want to take up the next three hours for that response. I've got links at the end to our nonprofit where they can get more information. But the short answer is carbon. Farmers are trained to augment their soils and plant growth with nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium. Zach Bush:                    NPK fertilizers really started in the 1960s, coming out of the war environment. Post-World War II, there was a glut of oil. They were looking for other ways in which to use the oil and petroleum industry, and so they redirected from fuel to oil-based or petroleum-based fertilizers for soils, rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Zach Bush:                    They're so effective at creating a green plant that this movement of NPK fertilizers became known as the Green Revolution. We were still coming out of the Dust Bowl where we had killed all of our topsoil in the US, and so we were having huge loss of topsoil across the whole country from the 1930s onward. By the 1950s, we were starting to reverse that by getting a lot more plants growing because of NPK fertilizers. Zach Bush:                    The thing that we didn't understand then, and to this day farmers are not taught, is that if you pour nitrogen into soil without an adequate offset of carbon, you actually speed the depletion of carbon molecules out of the soil. With the [inaudible 00:34:59], you actually lose the fabric of the integrity of the plant. You lose its immune system, you lose the integrity of its root system. You get a very vulnerable plant, which means it's maybe prone to pests. Both weeds and bugs are likely to start to attack that crop. Zach Bush:                    Over and over again, we see that invasive weed species and all of this are coming in in an effort to increase carbon content in the soil, and yet the farmer's been trained to either kill that weed or stop it before it can get there by overtilling their ground, and in so doing, they're blocking the ability of Mother Nature to get the carbon to offset all of this nitrogen that they're pouring into the soil, and by so doing, they're literally killing their soil. Zach Bush:                    In a nutshell, you need to stop spraying nitrogen. You need to start to rely on your weeds and your intelligent ecosystems to start bringing an equal balance of nitrogen and phosphorus and carbon back in. You need to stop tilling the ground. Tilling kills the microbiome and, importantly, the mycorrhizae and the mycology of the soil, which, of course, blocks the ability of the soil to bring carbon out of the air. Zach Bush:                    Both by eliminating the weeds and killing the ability to reabsorb carbon through the mycelial bed, we eliminate the recycling capacity of the planet and we start to lose topsoil very quickly. As a farmer, you need to stop tilling. Instead of tilling the soil to get rid of weeds, you're going to start rolling. Zach Bush:                    There's a very simple implement. It's called a crimper roller. Very cheap compared to a combine or a disker. The small ones are about $4,000 to $6,000, used. The larger ones, especially brand new, can be up to a couple hundred thousand dollars. But per size of the equipment for the scale of your land, you're looking at very much less than you would for an equivalent disker or tilling equipment. Cheaper to implement and much more safe for the mycology. You actually preserve the soil architecture with a roller crimper. Instead of trying to disk the soil or till it all up to kill the weeds, you simply roll the weeds. Zach Bush:                    This creates an armor on top of the soil so that when it rains, you don't wash your topsoil off, and it creates all that carbon content on top of the soil that will be reintegrated into the matrix, so that your soil can handle the nitrogen that will come from those beneficial weeds and the rest. Zach Bush:                    There are such a thing as beneficial weeds. I would say every single weed on your property is there on purpose. It's trying to serve some part of nature to help recover your farmland. Zach Bush:                    Let the weeds be there. If you let them do their whole cycle, roll them and crimp them at the end of their life cycle, you'll find out the very next year you have fewer weeds and they're different character of weeds. They're now doing their purpose in their restorative capacity, and you roll those the next year. Zach Bush:                    If you do this repetitively, you're going to start growing seeds that are going to come up out of the seed bank that's already in your fossilized aspects of your soil. 200, 300, 400-year old seeds are going to start to grow again, which means you're going to recover prairie land that is completely devoid of anything we would think of as an invasive weed. It's actually bringing extremely rich topsoil-building capacity back to your farm. Zach Bush:                    You're going to start rotating, of course, your pack animals. Whether you're using cattle or sheep ... In Western Australia, obviously most of it is sheep, but you'll use the sheep or the hoofed animal as your processing plant that moves from paddock to paddock around your land, and it will start with regenerating the seed bank and working with this. Zach Bush:                    We usually will use a combination of allow the weeds and put in a cover crop. We want about 16 species minimum as your cover crop. You don't want to do a monoculture with your cover crop. Seed 16 to 30 species of good, diverse cover crop and let the weeds grow up within that as needed. Then roll and crimp that. You can have a seed drill running right behind. Zach Bush:                    If you push your roller crimper on your tractor, you can pull your seed drill on the back and, with one pass, you'll wipe out seeds and you'll get your crop in the ground. It'll come up within 14 days, and you've got yourself a one-pass system. You've saved yourself fuel, you haven't disrupted the soil, and you've sprayed zero chemicals. Zach Bush:                    This is the process that we're teaching now is a regenerative agriculture process based around rapid transition of livestock, if you're utilizing livestock in your environment. If there is no livestock, then its roller crimping. If you have good livestock management, you don't even need a roller crimper. The animals will do it for you. Livestock, roller crimpers, multi-species cover crops, and then seed drills behind that. That's your [inaudible 00:39:38]. Kriben Govender:          That's wonderful, Dr. Bush. I think that'll be very insightful for farmers. What we will do is we'll put some links into the show notes to direct people to your organizations, where they can find more information. Really appreciate you sharing that. Now let's talk about leaky gut. What is leaky gut and how do we fix it? Zach Bush:                    Very good. I was pointing to the year 1992, with the advent of glyphosate spraying on wheat, and 1996 on all of our staple crops. How did that correlate with chronic disease? Two forms. Number one, we kill the microbiome. It's an antibiotic. You start to kill the microbiome. If you lose the microbiome, you become vulnerable at the gut layer and the immune system that sits right behind that, there are lots of different diseases. Zach Bush:                    What is the process of that or the mechanism by which that vulnerability happens is what we uncovered in 2012. In 2012, in my nutrition center, I was seeing people get worse on health food. I couldn't figure out why kale and Brussels sprouts and all these superfoods were actually making people more inflamed and sicker. Zach Bush:                    It turns out that they had this thing called leaky gut. With leaky gut, you lose the integrity of the gatekeepers or the barrier system of your immune system to the outside world. Your body is made up of 70 trillion cells, and many billions of those cells are the epithelial lining that runs from your nasal sinuses, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, and rectum. That whole gut environment covers more than two tennis courts in surface area. Massive, massive exposure to the outside world. Zach Bush:                    That's your most important ground zero of your exposure, your self-identity as a human. What does it mean to be human? An intact, intelligent barrier system of the gut. The skin, in comparison, is only one and a half square meters. One and a half square meters versus two tennis courts, you can see how much more, 85% to 90% more surface area in your gut than your skin. Zach Bush:                    Who is human is that which is wrapped within this intelligent barrier system. The billions of cells that make up those two tennis courts in surface area are called epithelial cells. They're all bonded together by these little proteins that look like Velcro. It's called tight junctions. As the glyphosate hits the gut membrane, the tight junctions fall apart and dissolves the tight Junction. Zach Bush:                    It's not the first time in history that humans have been creating the opportunity for gut leak. It turns out that the oldest medicine on earth, I would argue, is alcohol. That medicine has obviously been used as a drug, both medically as well as recreationally. But it turns out alcohol was probably our first leaky gut injury. We damage tight junctions with alcohol. Zach Bush:                    Alcohol and glyphosate and other pharmaceutical compounds like ibuprofen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, all of the constipation medicines, they all damage tight junctions to create leaky gut. Once you've damaged all the Velcro, you no longer have an intelligent barrier that keep that stuff out, bring this stuff in, this should come this way. We need water, we need nutrients, but we don't need insoluble fibers. We don't need plastic. We don't need all the junk in our food, and so that intelligent barrier starts to break apart. Zach Bush:                    There's many herbicides and pesticides out there. For example, the typical red wine made in the United States has 64 different chemicals that are pesticides and herbicides. Glyphosate is far from our only problem. Zach Bush:                    Why do I spend so much time saying this is our biggest problem? Because it is the one chemical that has that direct effect of breaking apart the front barrier system. Sorry for the vibrational noise. Zach Bush:                    The opportunity there for the glyphosate to open up the tight junctions in the gut, that is what then is, I would say, the gatekeeper drug, if you will, that then opens up the toxicity of all the other chemicals that are going to come behind it, because you no longer have an intelligent barrier system. I think glyphosate really is public enemy number one here globally because of its ability to erode this barrier system, cause the leaky gut. Zach Bush:                    Now that's horrible news. That's bad news chemical right there. But it's important to point out that, as we were talking earlier about consciousness and psychology, it turns out that the gut barrier is not the only thing held together with tight junctions. The same proteins hold together your entire blood vessel tree. All of the capillaries, the blood vessels are made of endothelial cells held together by the same tight junctions. Your kidney tubules that are responsible for detoxing your body, held together by the same tight junctions. Zach Bush:                    Then, very importantly, your blood-brain barrier. That barrier that would protect your central and peripheral nervous system as the holy of holies is also made of the same tight junctions. We have just now proved this out. We're talking about this for years, but we've just proved it in our labs by growing blood-brain barrier in conjunction with gut epithelial, that if you injure the gut with a glyphosate injury, you immediately get a loss of the blood-brain barrier as well. With one fell swoop, you're grading leaky gut, leaky blood vessels, leaky kidneys, and leaky brain. Kriben Govender:          Wow! Zach Bush:                    It's one chemical right now that's eroding not just human self-identity, but the self- identity of these different organ compartments that are supposed to be carefully regulated. What's in your bloodstream should not be what's in your brain. Zach Bush:                    If it does become unregulated, your brain is going to start to have a lot more chronic inflammation, the central nervous system, immune system gets easily overwhelmed by a bunch of stuff it should have never dealt with, and you start to get chronic inflammatory changes in the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. You develop chronic fatigue, brain fog, poor sleep quality, sex drive collapses, and endocrine dysregulation, low testosterone, low estrogen levels, you get premature menopause, you get premature pubarche or puberty in the children. Instead of going through it at 13, these girls are going through puberty at six years old now. Kriben Govender:          Wow! Zach Bush:                    We have this complete breakdown in the endocrine system because the blood-brain barrier has also dissolved. It's a terrifying situation that we decided to create a food chain around a single chemical that would destroy self-identity and organ identity throughout the system. Kriben Govender:          Wow! It's definitely a huge concern. Let's say, going on to Terrahydrite ... Did I say that correctly? Zach Bush:                    Uh-huh. Kriben Govender:          What is it and how did you discover it? Why is it potentially a benefit? Zach Bush:                    Perfect. Terrahydrite is a word that we've coined. We've termed in 'Terra', meaning earth there in Latin there. You've got earth and an interaction between oxygen and hydrogen. My discovery in 2012 in the soil science was that we found a bunch of molecules that looked similar to the chemotherapy I used to make. Zach Bush:                    Since 4,000-year-old Chinese medicine, we've been looking to herbs and plants as our medicinal source. Suddenly, in a single few minutes in my clinic, when somebody brought in the soil science paper and is flipping through it and found this molecule, the idea that there could be medicine in soil was a revolution in my mind. Zach Bush:                    But most importantly, when we found out that molecule was being made by bacteria and fungi, it finally closed the loop on my cancer research, and UCSF, UCSD, many universities around the world, that we're starting to find out that if you're missing certain bacteria, you get prone to cancer of this type. If you miss these bacteria, you get breast cancer. You lose these bacteria, you get colon cancer. You lose these bacteria, you get prostate cancer. Zach Bush:                    We knew these correlations, but we couldn't figure out why or how the bacteria could possibly be affecting in such a predictable fashion the outcomes of the big human organism. The discovery of these molecules suddenly answered that because each species of bacteria and fungi makes a subset, different subset, of these carbon molecules, each one looking different with different function. Zach Bush:                    We call them carbon snowflakes. Everybody is relatively familiar with the concept that each snowflake looks different at the crystal level and everything else, all H2O, but organized in different three-dimensional structures, they have different features. The carbon snowflakes made by the bacteria and fungi, each species contributing to this fluent communication [inaudible 00:48:00], if you lose communication here in this aspect of Terrahydrite, then we start to become prone to dysfunction over here. Zach Bush:                    That's the journey into Terrahydrite. Terrahydrite is a term for a large family, many millions of different variants of carbon snowflakes made by bacteria and fungi, and that's the active ingredient that would go on to become our supplement line called Restore. What you're taking in Restore is literally a supplement that intends to do nothing to your body. It's the first supplement, I think, that really tries to do nothing. Zach Bush:                    The reason why it's trying to do nothing is because it's much different than a vitamin A or alpha-lipoic acid or curcumin or any of these other compounds that we think of as having medicinal features. All of those go on to bind to some sort of receptor, and a receptor that goes on to change genetic behavior of the thing. It might be an anti-inflammatory, it may up-regulate antioxidants, it may have all kinds of important medicinal features. Zach Bush:                    Restore is much different. It has no molecule within it that's trying to bind a cell receptor. Instead, it's working with this oxygen, hydrogen, this hydrite component of the carbon molecule that's exchanging information over distances. You can think of Restore as a liquid circuit board, a liquid circuit board that spreads across the cellular environment to take information from one cell and passage it to a distant cell. Zach Bush:                    In this way it functions as the wireless communication network of the whole body. When you take Restore, you might experience many different things. If you're super healthy, you may not notice much because you're going to simply start aging a little slower. What does it feel like to age slower? It feels a lot like you did yesterday, and that's the goal. If you keep feeling like yesterday, you're not going to age. Zach Bush:                    Sometimes the best way to find out is Terrahydrite working or not is take it for three or six months and then stop it, because you're going to suddenly catch up with your aging process and you're really like, "Oh, I did feel six months younger in that six months. I just didn't notice it because it felt a lot like yesterday." It can be interesting to watch that slowing of the aging process. Zach Bush:                    That's a heady thing to say, we figured out how to slow aging. In fact, aging is not complicated. Aging is literally 50% of it is dehydration inside the cell, which results from leaky gut, leaky blood vessels, leaky kidneys, and the second 50% of the aging process is a loss of this communication across cell structures. Zach Bush:                    With one compound made by bacteria and fungi, you're fixing the leak, improving hydration, and bringing the communication network back into play. That's, in a nutshell, what is Terrahydrite and what is Restore. Kriben Govender:          That's awesome. We're pretty much coming up to time, but we've got a couple of questions from our community. We have a community, a Facebook group of about ... It's approaching 10,000 people now. Our post says, "[inaudible 00:50:59] we've got Dr. Bush coming on. Send me your questions." We'll just rapid-fire these questions. Kriben Govender:          There was a question specifically, and I think you might have tackled this during the discussion, but why are we seeing a rise in autoimmune disease? That's the part one to the question. Part two is why is that once you get autoimmune disease, you tend to have [crosstalk 00:51:31]- Zach Bush:                    [crosstalk 00:51:31]. Kriben Govender:          ... on top of it? Zach Bush:                    Great question. We talked about leaky gut. 60% to 70% of your immune system by volume and 80% of the antibody production that's done in your whole body is done in the one or two millimeters behind the gut membrane. I'd mentioned this as your frontline of defense. You have two tennis courts. You start to very get leaky gut, your immune system lining behind that is now getting exposed to the whole world. Zach Bush:                    Autoimmune disease develops when you've overwhelmed the immune system and stimulated it with a bunch of foreign material. For every single fiber, protein molecule that's foreign to your body that flows through that leaky gut, your immune system has to mount a response, and it begins with a T-cell, which is a type of white blood cell, responding to that protein or that foreign material. Zach Bush:                    The T-cell, once activated, recognizing a foreign material, will call in a B-cell, another type of immune cell. The B-cell becomes the manufacturing plant for the antibody needed to attack that foreign material. The B-cells start cranking out throughout the whole gut lining to attack the outside world that's flowing through this unregulated barrier system. Zach Bush:                    What happens with an autoimmune disease is that sooner or later it's literally a roulette wheel: you make enough antibodies to enough different protein structure. Sooner or later, one of the proteins in your body is going to be close enough in structure to that foreign material that the antibodies from your B-cell is going to cross-react with your own tissue. Zach Bush:                    In rheumatoid arthritis, you're attacking the supportive joint space, the surfaces of the joints. In the case of Hashimoto's or thyroid disease, which is the number one most common autoimmune disease right now in the world, it's the thyroid that cross-reacts. Type I diabetes, it's a specific cell within the pancreas. Adrenal insufficiency is a specific adrenal cell getting knocked out. Celiac disease, a specific protein within the gut lining. All of these proteins start to cross-react with the B-cell manufacturing system; you end up with autoimmune disease. Zach Bush:                    Because the pathophysiology of one autoimmune disease is caused by all this overwhelm and it's a roulette wheel, sooner or later you're going to get one, now you're just as likely to get two or three or four autoimmune diseases over time because, again, the same pathophysiology is there for the thyroid disease versus type I diabetes versus all the rest. It's an open gate. The leaky gut is the beginning of an autoimmune process. Chronic stimulation of those B-cells is the conclusion of it. Kriben Govender:          That's awesome. That's an amazing explanation to why we're facing these epidemic of this [inaudible 00:54:13] inflammatory situation. The next question is from what I've read ... In fact, correct me if I'm wrong ... that you're very much driven by your children and I guess wanting to h

In the last podcast, we had traced the evolution of cricket until the early 1980s. The first two ODI World Cups had been held in England, and West Indies had triumphed on both occasions. In the 3rd ODI World Cup, India pulled off a stunning upset over the mighty West Indies in the final winning by 43 runs, ending the hegemony of the West Indians in ODIs. Just to prove that win was no fluke, India repeated their triumph in the World Championship of Cricket in Australia in 1985. They annihilated Pakistan in the final by 8 wickets and served notice to the rest of the world that they were a force to be reckoned with in international cricket. Their cricket team was beginning to be noticed for the quality of their cricket and the huge population in the sub-continent meant that it became the financial powerhouse of the cricketing world. Listen on...

In the previous podcast, we had covered cricket since its beginning to the period immediately preceding World War 1. The last Test before the War was played between England and South Africa in February 1914. With the onset of the war, there wasn’t any Test cricket played between the 3 countries as priorities changed. Ironically cricket was played in India, whereas in England, South Africa and West Indies, First Class cricket was abandoned for the entire duration of the war. In Australia and New Zealand, cricket was played in the 1914-15 season but afterwards, First-Class matches were completely abandoned. At least 210 cricketers were known to have joined the armed forces of which 34 were killed. Listen on...

Tupolev Post World War II Airliner Projects by AeroSociety Podcast

In this episode, Ambassador C. Donald Johnson joins CAA Live! host Ambassador Rosapepe to discuss international economic institutions at the end of World War II. Ambassador Johnson recently authored The Wealth of a Nation: A History of Trade Politics in America. He is the Director Emeritus of the Dean Rusk Center for International Law and a former United States Trade Representative.

This past weekend (5/20/18) marked the closing of the Pasadena Showcase House for the Arts. And it coincides with the end of our coverage as well. Following are our final three conversations. I think you will enjoy them. But first, a little bit more about the Pasadena area that you might not be aware of and how this region of Southern California has shaped the way we live and design and it’s probably not what you might be expecting. Pasadena is rich with tradition from the Tournament of Roses parade, it’s 1915 Beaux Arts City Hall and the pomp and grandeur of Colorado Boulevard. But there is a fork in the road in Pasadena. Literally, a giant fork in the road at the intersection of Pasadena and St. John Avenues. Why, who knows. It was erected by two locals with a sense of humor and sticktoitiveness when it was taken down. They got the blessing of the city, bought the insurance, paid for the permits and there it is. From a big fork in the road to living in a bubble. There is the Bubble House. Probably one of the most simple architectural masterpieces anywhere. It’s not exotic, beautiful or remarkable in any way other than in it’s ingenuity. Post World War II, returning GI’s, a blossoming economy and booming society led to a housing shortage, sound familiar? So Wallace Neff came up with an idea. Neff inflated a giant rubber balloon, covered it with wire and gunnite and removed the balloon. What remained, essentially, is an upside down swimming pool. Neff believed he had the solution to the housing crisis at the time, and planned on building over 400,000 bubble houses. Short of 3,000 ever made it and the final one resides in Pasadena. The Bubble House was home to Neff until his death in 1982. I would like to think that this idea still has merit today. An 18 foot high fork in the road and a bubble house in historical Pasadena. Who knew. Know you do. It’s a little bittersweet that this will be the last podcast episode of the 2018 pasadena Showcase House for the Arts. This episode features Benefits Chair, Vikki Sung who is going to share historical reference and the process for participating in the project. After that s a very fun look at the treehouse on the property. You really are going o love this. Finally, we speak with one of my favorite designers, Jeanne Chung. If not familiar with Jeanne, check out her work and listen to her perspective and you’ll see why I’m such a fan. All that is coming up, but first, I want to make sure you know that you can still find all of the videos of the Pasadena Showcase AND we will continue to produce new videos and post them to the YouTube channel @ConvoByDesign, you can also go to www.ConvoByDesign.com and you will find them there as well. If you happen to find yourself on our YouTube channel or our iTunes page, please leave us a review and a 5 star rating. It helps new listeners find the show and it is very much appreciated. Music provided by Electric Sol Artist: Electric Sol Song: Your Love Makes Me High www.electricsolmusic.com

Latest episode of Owen's Amazing Science Students

Rochelle Almeida speaks at the South Asia Seminar on 24 January 2017. Despite the fact that India's Anglo-Indians migrated en masse following Independence in 1947 and have spent almost 70 years as a settler-community, they remain relatively unknown in the United Kingdom and rarely counted among South Asia’s diaspora. This seminar will address their trajectory from immigrants who faced hostility and rejection in the Post-World War II era to a well-established and well-accepted ethnic minority in the multi-cultural environment of contemporary Britain. It will also analyse reasons for their 'invisibility' and the cultural erasure this assimilation has engendered.

Former newspaper editor and multi-genre author Patricia McLinn lets the muses guide her when she writes her books. I confess that as a writer I don't have nearly as much confidence as today's podcast guest, Patricia McLinn. This interview was fascinating for me because Patricia shares a bit about her writing process, which does not involve outlines and planning - even when she's writing mysteries! Patricia also writes romance, but today we're focused on her Caught Dead In Wyoming series. Book 6 in the series, Back Story, will be published in October 2017, and in the meantime you can start at the beginning of journalist, and amateur sleuth, Elizabeth Danniher's story with Sign Off, which is free in ebook form right now. You can find out more about today's guest, Patricia McLinn, and all her books on her website PatriciaMcLinn.com. You can also find her on Twitter @PatriciaMcLinn. Click on any of the book covers to go to Patricia's books on Amazon. Press play (above) to listen to the show, or read the transcript below. Remember you can also subscribe to the show on Apple Podcasts. And listen on Stitcher. You can also click here to watch the interview on YouTube. Transcription of Interview with Patricia McLinn Alexandra: Hi, mystery readers, I'm Alexandra Amor. This is "It's A Mystery" podcast and I'm here today with Patricia McLinn. Hi, Patricia. Patricia: Hello, how are you today? Alexandra: Very well. How are you? Patricia: I'm doing great. Alexandra: Good. Patricia: And it's a good day. Alexandra: Excellent. Well, let me introduce you to all of our listeners. Patricia McLinn is a "USA TODAY" bestselling author of more than 40 novels, mostly romance and mystery. The readers and reviewers cite for their warmth, wit, and strong characters. She has spoken on writing for Melbourne, Australia to Washington DC, including being a guest speaker at The Smithsonian. She always wanted to write novels but took a detour into practicality with a journalism career that included more than 20 years as an editor in the Washington Post. It was great training, not to mention giving her lots of material for her characters in the "Caught Dead in Wyoming" mystery series which we're going to talk about today, which features her fish out of water sleuth TV journalist Elizabeth Margaret Danniher. The sixth book in this series, Back Story is available for preorder now and will be out late October 2017 as long as Patricia keeps her nose to the grindstone. Today we are gonna talk mostly about the "Caught Dead in Wyoming" series but you have a fantastic story on your website about the first book you ever wrote. It's the wallpaper paste story and I wondered if you could tell our listeners about that, please. Patricia: I would be happy to. I tried previously and always I would start at the beginning and I'd get a couple of chapters in and then I didn't know what was going on. But this one story really... And I give up. And my sister-in-law said she would never read anything from me again that wasn't finished because she would get involved in these stories and I'd go, "I don't know what happened." I started this story and I was working at my house, a 1948 Post World War II house, outside of Washington DC. And it had layer upon layer of wallpaper. Layer of paint, then wallpaper, paint, wallpaper, paint, wallpaper, paint. In some rooms, I had six layers. And the only way to get it off was with a wide-bladed putty knife. So I would go and chip wallpaper and there's not a lot to think about while you're chipping wallpaper. So the story would start coming. I'd put down the wide-bladed putty knife and go write for a while. And then I'd sort of run out of my headlights, you know, I couldn't see any further with the story so I'd go back to the wide-bladed putty knife and the chipping the wallpaper. And I'd go back and forth and back and forth.

Joe Campanale kicks off the new year in style on a brand new episode of In the Drink. He’s joined by one of the most important New York wine figures, Jeff Porter, Beverage Director at B&B Hospitality Group. Jeff was born and raised in Texas. He became interested in wine at his first restaurant job in Austin. To learn all that he could about wine, Porter eventually took a stocking position at one of Austin’s best wine shops. He excelled there and was soon buying wine for the shop and traveling throughout Europe. Porter then moved to the West Coast where he first worked for a wine distributor in the Bay Area and then served as Wine Director at Tra Vigne Ristorante in St. Helena, where his passion for wine and hospitality took off. Most recently, Jeff held the positon of Beverage Director at Osteria and Pizzeria Mozza in Los Angeles. He moved to New York City in March of 2011 to head up the beverage program at Del Posto. He is recognized as an “Advanced Sommelier” by the Court of Master Sommeliers and is currently a candidate for the “Master Sommelier” designation. This program was brought to you by Michter’s. “I always call Italy the newest oldest wine region in the world. Obviously they’ve been making wine forever but they had to figure things out. Post World War II, Italy was super poor – even through the 50’s, 60’s and 70’s. It wasn’t until the 90’s that people started seeing money in wine.” [19:00] –Jeff Porter on In the Drink

After World War II, without forgetting the terrible suffering earlier in the century, there was a new confidence expressed in the artistic commissions of the time. Older artists who had been active before World War I such as Epstein and Matisse received commissions as well as younger artists...