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A (relatively) in-depth analysis of the single Rip It Up by Orange Juice (as well as some other general stuff) in just under thirty minutes.After releasing a series of singles on the independent Postcard label, the debut album by Orange Juice 'You Can't Hide Your Love Forever', was realeased by Polydor in February 1982. The album received mixed reviews. Retrospectively, however, it is often regarded as a classic of the era and a key influence on the C86 generation. The group's second album 'Rip It Up', issued in November 1982 featured the single of the same name, which reached number 8 on the UK Singles Chart in February 1983. Referencing both Chic and the Buzzcocks, the record galvanised Orange Juice's reputation as one of the brightest bands in the 'new pop' scene. In this episode I am in discussion with Dr. Andrew Webber.I do hope you enjoy this episode.Mathew Woodallhttps://buymeacoffee.com/lownoiseWhy buy me a coffee?Low Noise is proudly ad-free. If you would like to to say thank you for any of the content you have enjoyed (and help support the continuation of creating more), the above link provides a way to make a small donation of your choice (I also function on coffee!).Feel free to leave a note with your donation to let me know what you enjoy about the podcast or any topics you would like me to discuss in the future.

How to study the BIBLE: cont. Part IV. C) The aftermate of Cain sin: 1) The reason why; Cain mudered his brother Able. A. Jealousy. B. Envy. Those are the main two things the fuel hatred in any relationship. C. How did God find it out?Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/chatting-from-the-word-hosted-by-oscar--4081759/support.

How to study the BIBLE: Part IV. Defining the word: Prospectively - In preparation of the future. Example of it in the scriptures: 1) Adam and Eve, the fall from grace. 2) Cain and Able: A) the first murder and the first murderer. B) Cain murdered his brother AbleBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/chatting-from-the-word-hosted-by-oscar--4081759/support.

In this episode, Meagan and Julie tackle hot topics like the VBAC calculator, epidurals, and uterine rupture. What does the evidence actually say? And why do providers give such drastically different statistics from one practice to the next? When you know the facts, you are equipped to take charge of your VBAC journey!VBAC CalculatorACOG: Deciding Between a VBAC and a Repeat CesareanVBAC Calculator Online LibraryEpidural Side EffectsVBA2C PubMed ArticleEvidence Based BirthⓇ: The Evidence on VBACUterine RuptureHow to VBAC: The Ultimate Prep Course for ParentsFull Transcript under Episode Details Julie: Welcome, welcome. You are listening to The VBAC Link Podcast, and guess what? We have a special guest for you today, and that is me. It's Julie Francom. I am here today with Meagan, and I am joining her for a really cool information-packed episode debunking some common misunderstandings about VBAC and showing you what the evidence is and where you can find more evidence-based information about VBAC. Without further ado, your host, Meagan. How was that?Meagan: Oh my gosh. Thanks Julie for the amazing welcome. Oh, so fun. It's so fun. Yes. I am so excited for this episode because it's one of the last episodes with you and I. No, it's not one of the last episodes. It is the last episode of you and I of the year which is so crazy. It is so crazy. Julie: This year has flown. Time is wild. Time is wild. Meagan: It's so strange to me, but that's okay. We will welcome in 2025, and we will say goodbye to 2024. We want to say goodbye to it with, like she said just a really great evidence-based packed episode for you guys.I feel like all year we have gotten messages like, “I had a C-section. I'm being told I can't ever have a vaginal birth. Is this true? Is VBAC safe or possible?”We've had, “I've had one and two C-sections. I've had three C-sections. Is VBAC possible? My provider gave me a 20% chance to VBAC. Is that true? Can I VBAC? Do I really have that low of a chance?”How about this one? This one was more recent that I've heard from our last recording. “You have a 60% chance of uterine rupture if you choose to VBAC.” Ugh. Seriously, so many things that we have heard along the way where it's just–Julie: Lies, lies, lies, lies. It's lies. Let's just call it what it is. Meagan: Aggravating. Julie: For the most part, I do not think providers mean to spread lies or misinformation. I do think that there is a lot of information related to birth in general, but especially VBAC about how this is the way we've always done it. They are just regurgitating information that they have heard from some unreliable source somewhere and aren't really taking the time to keep up with the actual facts about VBAC, about birth, and about anything in general. Also, our system is not set up for continuing educating all of the providers in all of the things. Our hospital providers, I feel like in some capacity we have to give them some grace because they are incredibly overworked. They work crazy hours. They see lots of things and deal with a lot. The medical system is that way. But I also feel like who's responsibility is it to make sure that you are providing the best care? But how can you when the system is working against not only the parents but also the providers and the nurses and everybody. It's really hard because it puts the responsibility on you, the parent, in order to really dig and discover what your options are so that you can make the right choices that benefit you because the system is not set up to support you in any other way besides their hospital policies and following their rules, etc. So, yeah. I don't want this to turn into a provider-bashing episode. I don't think it will either. Sometimes, I think with me talking especially with me being more salty now, it can come across that we are anti-provider or whatever which we are not, but the system is just really frustrating. It takes everybody's efforts to try and change it, everybody's efforts. Not one part of the system can be passive if we want to change it and we want to influence it for better.Meagan: I agree so much. Like you said, we don't want to ever shame the hospital system or providers, but a lot of times, the things we are saying definitely does happen. But it's because there is a lot of fault. There is a lot of fault in these areas. Like you were saying, a lot of these things are lies. The biggest and hardest thing that I found when I was going through my VBAC journey. Julie, I wanted to speak for you and probably say that is the same for you, and that's why we created The VBAC Link: How to Prep VBAC Course is because we didn't know what was right and what wasn't. We just didn't know, and there were so many avenues on Google that you could go down, and you could actually find truth on both sides sometimes even. Julie: And trying to figure out which is true and credible and which is not sometimes is really tricky.Meagan: It's really, really tricky. We want to talk more about that today. We recently talked about hospital policies and what that means and how to go about those, but along with hospital policies come a lot of other things that providers do or suggest or say, so we've got this random policy that was created over here, then we've got all of these random things that are being said over here. We want to know our options. We know hospital policies are what they are. If you haven't listened to the episode, go listen. It's back in November, last month. Go look for it. But today, we are going to be talking about what is the evidence. What are the facts?Let's talk about the VBAC calculator. Let's just start right there because this is where a lot of providers actually begin to determine someone's ability or qualifications if they can VBAC. They'll pull out this list, this calculator, that is online. You can actually get it online. If you want to play around with it, I'll try and make sure to put the link in our show notes because I actually find it very interesting to play around with. We used to do that when we would do in-person courses. We would have everyone pull out their phones, type in the calculator, and type in different scenarios. It was pretty mind-blowing to see how much it could change based off of the answer that you give this computer. You want a VBAC. You have determined that a VBAC is something you want to explore. You want to learn what you can do to have a VBAC. You go to your provider and you go, “Hey, I've had a C-section. I don't want that experience this time. I want a different experience. I would like to have a VBAC,” or what they would call a TOLAC, a trial of labor after a Cesarean. And they're like, “Great. That's wonderful.” Then they're like, “Let's talk about it.” They pull up their calculator and they ask you questions like what, Julie?Julie: They ask you questions like, hold on. I was just digging into the history of the VBAC calculator a little bit more because I was curious about it. They ask you what was the reason for your previous Cesarean? How much do you weigh? It used to ask what your ethnicity was then they docked you if you were black or Hispanic. It also asks, let's see. Meagan: It asks if there was an arrest of descent. Arrest of descent is if you needed a Cesarean because your baby didn't come down. It asks about your history as in have you had a vaginal birth before? Have you had a VBAC? What was the reason for your previous Cesarean? It even asks if you've been treated for hypertension. Interesting. Julie: Interesting. Meagan: Yeah. So height, weight–Julie: Oh, because the chronic hypertension requiring treatment is what replaced the race. When they replaced the race question with do you have chronic hypertension requiring treatment? It may serve as an obvious proxy for race and appears to function similarly in the revised calculator in terms of statistical performance. Meagan: Oh my gosh. Yeah, it says that right on the website. “The information on this website describes the outcome of vaginal birth after Cesarean in term pregnancy for population individuals who receive care at hospitals within (blah, blah, blah) network.” It says, “The information on this website is not intended to be the only basis for making care decisions for individuals nor is it intended to be definitive,” meaning it's not going to be yes, you have to have this or this is the exact chance of you having a VBAC, but yet we have so many providers who go off of this as in point-blank fact.Julie: Like it's the law and like it's a crystal ball. Meagan: Really though. It's so frustrating. Sorry, what were you going to say before?Julie: I just sent you this link from what I was digging into. It's so interesting about the VBAC calculator. It's interesting because first of all, a couple things. The likelihood of the VBAC calculator being accurate for you, the higher percentage of having a successful VBAC, the more likely it's going to be. It's more accurate when the predicted success rates are above 60%. The lower success rate, the more likelihood it is to be inaccurate. Do you know what that tells me? That tells me that most people who attempt a VBAC are going to be successful. That's what that tells me. It's just so stupid because I mean, the development of the calculator was in the early 2000s. From the outside, it actually looks like a good sample size. There were 11,856 people with one prior Cesarean between 1999 and 2002. It was analyzed whether they had a successful VBAC or an unplanned repeat Cesarean. It was analyzed retrospectively. Retrospectively means they looked back on births. It doesn't mean that they did the study when people were pregnant. They looked at it after it had already been done. I like retrospective studies because there's a lot. It really removes the chance for bias related to the study. The interesting thing is that the risk factors that they chose were related to BMI, if you're overweight, age, history of prior vaginal deliveries– so did you have a prior vaginal birth or not– if the prior Cesarean was because of labor dystocia, so that's stalled labor, or your race– black or Hispanic ethnicity. They used these criteria to determine whether or not you were going to be successful in having a VBAC. Here's the stupid thing about this. What it doesn't take into account is the bias in our system against people of color and against people who are overweight. It does not take into account the bias and the different ways people who are overweight and people who are not white are treated in the system. I mean, there are just so many flaws against it as well, but also, I don't know. It says here– sorry. Before I get to my also. It says here– first of all, there are only 19 academic hospitals that were included, so I feel like the sample size of 19 academic hospitals, so university hospitals, and it's between 1999 and 2002. Also, there was a lot of backlash from all of the controversies surrounding uterine rupture in the mid-1990s from that carrying over into that as well. If you didn't know this, they started inducing VBACs with Cytotec in the mid-1990s. It increased the risk of uterine rupture like crazy. I'm not going to do a history lesson right now, but this was only 4 years after all of that. There was probably still a lot of fear and everything related to uterine rupture and everything during all of the time that they were collecting this data. Sorry, I'm probably really nerding out right now. But the thing is that when the predicted success rate was over 60%, it tended to be more inaccurate when it was less than 60%. Accuracy of lower estimates was mixed but generally decreased as predicted success rates declined. I said this before and I'll say it again. My first client ever as a doula had a predicted success rate of 4%, like the number 1-2-3-4. You count to 4. That was her predicted success rate, and she pushed her baby out in 20 minutes. So, I think the VBAC calculator is garbage.  Also, ACOG says in their most recent guideline, actually for the most couple VBAC bulletins that they have put out, is that a low chance of success is not a good reason to exclude somebody from attempting to have a VBAC. But yet, there are so many providers who will not take you if your predicted chance of success is less than 60%. But what did we just say? We just said that if your predicted success rate is less than 60%, it's less likely to be accurate. Isn't that stupid?Meagan: Yes. The other thing I have noticed from providers who do the VBAC calculator is that not only if they say your chances are lower, if they are doing it and it is lower than 50-60%, they automatically go in their mind and they're like, “Oh, she has a lower chance.” They may start being tolerant, but I think it's something to watch out for. If your provider is pulling out this calculator and putting too much weight on the calculator, it might be something to watch out for and understand that there may be a bait and switch coming up or that provider may not end up feeling comfortable with you being able to VBAC or TOLAC. We've talked about this with other providers where they say they are uncomfortable. That is a really good time to say, “You are not comfortable with this. I am comfortable with this. We are not a good match.” Julie: Yes. Don't let your provider dictate how your birth goes. I love that you brought that up, Meagan, because I'm in a member of a Facebook group for labor and delivery nurses. There are 12,000 labor and delivery nurses in there. I'm mostly quiet. I mostly watch because I like to see the climate of the profession and the attitudes around VBAC, birth photography, doulas, etc. There was a post actually this morning in there. The nurse asked, “What is your hospital's protocol around vaginal breech deliveries?” I was like, “Oh, this is going to be good.” I went through the comments, and I was stalking the comments because I know that having a vaginal breech delivery in a hospital is a freaking unicorn. It's a unicorn. You don't usually see it. It was interesting to see the labor and delivery nurses' comments. One of them stuck out to me. I almost commented back, but I pulled myself back. I was like, “This is for labor and delivery nurses. I don't want to stir the pot. I'll stir this pot in other places, but I don't want to stir the pot in this community most of the time.” One of the nurses said that vaginal breech delivery carries risks, and it is up to the provider and patient to decide what risks are safest and what risks to assume. I rolled my eyes at that because it should be like that. It should be the provider AND the patient together to decide the risk, but how often is it the provider only who decides the risks that these patients are going to take on? No. It's not the patient and the provider. It's the provider deciding. It's the provider deciding. Nowhere in the normal, typical, standard conversation does it include providers and patients making decisions. Not real ones. Not when they disagree. Not when they want a little flexibility or not when they want to go against hospital policy, right? Meagan: Yeah. Julie: I mean, there are sometimes, but it's really rare. Meagan: This comment reminds me of the many scenarios that I see or hear within my own clients here in Utah of, “Hi, I really want a VBAC. I met with my provider, and they said they would let me do.” It reminds me of the “let me”. This provider looked at me, read my history, and said that this is what I can and cannot do. This is what they let me do. Julie: Or they led me to the calculator.Meagan: Yeah. We're losing that conversation. Women of Strength, I encourage you to go forward and have conversation with your providers, especially if you are getting this kickback and especially if you are not being told the risks for both VBAC and repeat Cesarean, and you're just being told, “Oh, you have a 46% chance of VBAC based off of this calculator, so I'll let you try, but don't count on it.” Seriously? If I hear anymore providers, ugh. It's so frustrating.Julie: They're doing you a favor. “We'll let you try. Okay, you can try.” Or they say, “But you have to go into labor by 40 weeks or we'll schedule a C-section, but we won't induce you.” Come on. Come on. They're trying to be this savior. We'll let you try, but…Meagan: Don't stand for that unless that's what you're okay with. I can't tell you, “No. You can't see anybody like that.” That's not my place, but I will say that if you're having a provider in the very beginning pull out this calculator telling you that they'll let you try, but the chances are low, your pelvis hasn't done it before, don't know if it will do it again, your cervix didn't dilated to 10, these are problems. These are red flags.  Okay, so the VBAC calculator, we talked about it. We talked about the stats. We talked about our rant. Now, let's talk about uterine rupture. This is a big one that I feel like hovers. It's that dark cloud. Julie: The elephant in the room. Meagan: Yeah. It hovers over people and their fear. I see it daily within our community. “I really want a VBAC. A different experience is so important to me, but in the end, I'm so scared. I'm so scared of uterine rupture.” Valid. I just want to validate your fears right now. It's okay that you feel scared. It's valid that you feel nervous about it. Julie: Mhmm. Meagan: It's also understandable that you may feel extra nervous about it because the outside world talks so poorly about it. Julie: Mhmm. Meagan: They make it sound scary. It is scary. Julie: It can be, yeah, when it happens. It is. Meagan: When it happens, it can be, but the chances are actually quite low, you guys. We want to talk a little bit about it. I know we've talked about it in the past, but I feel like you can't talk about uterine rupture enough. Julie: Yeah, it keeps coming up, so we'll keep talking about it. Meagan: It keeps coming up. It keeps coming up.Okay, so let's talk about one C-section. You've had one C-section. Your baby didn't come down. You pushed for 2 hours. You had a C-section. You dilated to a 5. You didn't progress. They did all of the interventions. You had a C-section. You got an epidural. Your blood pressure dropped. Your baby didn't do very well. Decelerations. You had a C-section. There are lots of scenarios of why we have C-sections. One C-section– Julie, let's talk about the evidence of uterine rupture after one C-section.Julie: So here's the thing. There are multiple studies out examining uterine rupture and things like that. It's interesting because I feel like it does vary. There are some studies with very small sample studies that have 0% uterine ruptures in their studies, and there are some studies that show higher rates. Now, what I have found as I have been digging is that the studies that are the most credible and most reliable will usually have a rate of rupture between 0.2%-0.9%. I feel like if you have anybody telling you that your chance of rupture is half of 1% or you have a 1% chance of rupture or that the chance of uterine rupture is less than 1% or 1 in 200 or 1 in 100, all of those, I feel like, are pretty accurate representations of what the actual risk of rupture is. Now, there are lots of things that contribute to that of course, but I feel like if you ever have a provider tell you, “Oh, it's about 1%”, that's pretty cool. Meagan: Yeah. Yeah. That's pretty reliable to know that they are within–Julie: Within range.Meagan: They are looking at some study that is within accurate range. Julie: Or I think 0.4%. One of the bigger studies that we cite in our course is 0.4% or 1 in 250. Those are all that for me, personally, I would feel that yeah, you are presenting the data pretty accurately. Yeah. I feel like you're trying to lead this a certain direction.Meagan: No, I'm not. That's exactly something I wanted to talk about is how it can range. You may see something that's 0.2% and you may see something that's 0.47, and you may see something that's 0.7, so I love that you pointed that out. Julie: Yeah. I think that's why the more I go on, I used to say 0.4% or half of a percent whenever somebody would ask me, “What's the rate of uterine rupture?” Those are the numbers I would go to, but now, I feel like it's a little more fluid, and I feel like there's more nuance to that. Meagan: Yeah. I usually say around 1%. What about people who are wanting to VBAC after two C-sections? Because this is another big ask, then it gets even stickier.Julie: So sticky. Meagan: And when we talk about 3+. The evidence after two C-sections– again, everyone has different reasons, but I was told slightly over 1%. Julie: Right.Meagan: 0.7% to 1.1-1.4%. Julie: Well, here's the thing, too. There are not a lot of studies about VBAC after two Cesareans. There's just not, but there are two large studies in the ACOG VBAC bulletin that ACOG cites, and it actually says that– I'm actually going to quote the guideline right now. It says, “Women who have had two previous low transverse Cesarean deliveries should be considered for a trial of labor after Cesarean (TOLAC). However, other factors should also be considered to determine the likelihood of successful VBAC.”Now, here's the thing. It cites two studies in their bulletin as far as risk of uterine rupture. One study that they cite shows that there is not increased chance of uterine rupture from one to two Cesareans. There is one that shows no statistical differences. Now, the other study that they reference shows double the risk of rupture. So, what? 0.5% to 1%? I think it was 1.2% is what the ACOG bulletin says. I'm not sure. I don't have the actual bulletin pulled up right here in front of my face except for that. Meagan: This is another thing where it depends on what you're reading. Some of them are 0.1-1.5% or 1-1.5% and that's even on the higher end of the chances. Julie: Right. The interesting is that ACOG even says that, yet people are going to go say double and triple, or whatever. They're going to make up all of these crazy statistics. Now, gosh dangit. I literally had that guideline. Do you have it open?Meagan: No. The ACOG? No. I don't.Julie: I'm going to find it exactly because we've been called out for this. We literally quoted the exact phrase from ACOG and got thrown under the bus for spewing misinformation when it was literally a quote from ACOG, but whatever. Meagan: While you are finding that, there is an article showing vaginal birth after two Cesareans There was a systemic review and a meta analysis of the rate of adverse outcomes in a VBAC after two. It talks about how the VBAC after two success rate was around 71.1% and the uterine rupture rate was 1.63%, so that is within this. We will have all of these here. If we are quoting something, we're going to make sure that we have it here in the show notes. Please, please, please make sure to go down and check it out. You're going to want more information. We don't have all the time to go over all of these, but I think these are such great reads.  Sorry, have you already found it?Julie: Yep. Meagan: Okay, go ahead. Julie: Excuse me while I clear my throat and crack my knuckles. I'm ready. Let's go. Oh, do you know what? This is actually a pdf from an actual publication, so it's not going to be the exact page that I said. There is a whole section called, “More than one previous Cesarean delivery”. Now, what it says about the studies, I'm going to quote it exactly. “Two large studies with sufficient size to control for confounding variables reported on the risks for women with two previous Cesarean deliveries undergoing TOLAC. One study found no increased risk of rupture, 0.9% versus 0.7% in women with one versus multiple prior Cesarean deliveries whereas the other noted a risk of uterine rupture that increased from 0.9% to 1.8% in women with one versus two prior Cesarean deliveries. “Both studies reported some increased risk in morbidity in women with more than one prior Cesarean delivery, although the absolute magnitude of the difference in those risks was small.”Meagan: Mmm, send me the link so I can put the exact link in the show notes so everybody can go read more.Julie: Yeah. Yep. It also says, “The likelihood additionally retrospective–”. Remember, retrospective is looking back on data that already exists. “Retrospective cohort data has suggested that the likelihood of achieving VBAC appears to be similar for women with one previous Cesarean delivery and women with more than one previous Cesarean delivery. Given the overall data, it is reasonable to consider women with two previous low transverse Cesarean delivers to be candidates for TOLAC, and to counsel them based on the combination of other factors that affect their probability of achieving successful VBAC.” Meagan: Hey, see? They're even saying that it's reasonable. Here we are. It's reasonable. But then, there are so many people who are like, “Nope. Out of the question. It is not acceptable. We will not support VBAC after two C-sections.” Julie: Actually, I don't think you are supposed to publish this. You might not be able to distribute it. Meagan: Oh. Julie: Because you just do a search on the dark web for ACOG VBAC bulletin 205 pdf and it will pull up. I promise. Meagan: Okay. There you go, everybody.Julie: I just don't want you to do anything illegal. Meagan: Yeah. Get on a search. Get on a search. I do want to talk when it comes to three. When it comes to three, the hardest part for me with three C-sections being shut down is that the evidence is still not there. The concrete evidence is not being studied that much. Julie: Mhmm. Even the studies that do exist, they don't have super large sample sizes. They are very old. They are 20+ years old, so that's the best data that we have to use. Sometimes those studies are just automatically disqualified because of their age, their smaller sample sizes, and things like that so it's hard to make any definitive statements about its safety or risks. Meagan: Yeah. Then there is evidence with induction. Increasing around 1.1% if you use Pitocin. A lot of people say, “We can't use Pitocin. It increases it astronomically.” I mean, to some, 1.1% and having that be their rupture rate, that may make sense, but for a lot of people, 1.1% is still quite low. I did just want to throw it out there that the risk of uterine rupture is not dismissed because you schedule a C-section. It's not. Julie: That's true. In fact, you are more likely to undergo a uterine rupture during the Cesarean than you are by attempting a VBAC. Meagan: You are? I thought it was 0.06. Julie: No, it's in our course. I have the charts from the National Institute of Health. Because of the pressure during the surgical procedure, your uterus is more likely to rupture. Now, granted, it's probably “safer” to have a uterine rupture on the operating room table because baby is already coming out, but there is data that shows it. I'm pretty sure there are graphs and charts in there from the National Institute of Health. Meagan: Yeah. I'm going to go find it. I was reading about it. It was 0.02%. It's just really important to know that it's not just eliminated. Your risk is not just eliminated. Okay, let's talk about– and anything else you want to talk about with that?Julie: Mm-mmm. Meagan: Let's talk about epidurals and the risk that we have with that. Julie: Not ugh about epidurals. That sound was not about epidurals in general. It's about how I know where you're going with this. Sorry. Meagan: No, it's okay. I just want to talk about the risk with epidurals because a lot of people don't know that some of the things that happen after epidurals can be placed or things to do before if you're planning to get an epidural like hydrating and making sure that we're good there. I want to talk a little bit about epidurals. Epidurals can do a few things. They can lower our blood pressure. That's one of the most common that I have seen right out of the gate. But it's given, and the blood pressure drops. Mom's blood pressure drops. Baby's heart stops responding. Julie: Baby's heart rate drops a little bit too.Meagan: Yeah. In fact 13 out of 100 women have epidurals cause low blood pressure. Epidurals can also increase infections. Now, yes. Infections are in our back and stuff, but I'm actually talking about vaginally because I feel like the vagina is an open door. Once an epidural is placed–Julie: Then you have the catheter too. That will give UTIs. Meagan: Yep. Yes. We've got a catheter, then it's like, “Oh, I can check you. You can't feel that.” We keep introducing bacteria. Julie: More cervical checks. Meagan: Yes. Julie: Increased infection.Meagan: Yes. It also can cause problems urinating because we've got this catheter. It can sometimes be placed for hours and hours.Julie: Yeah. 24 hours sometimes depending on how long you're in labor.Meagan: Yes. Approximately 18 out of 100 women will have urinary issues because of cather and things like that. It's kind of interesting. Epidurals can also cause itching. Is there morphine in epidural? I think that's why.Julie: Fentanyl.Meagan: Okay. It wears off, and it can cause itching. It can cause you to go so numb that you're unable to move and groove. Julie: These are small risks. They are small risks. It's okay to have an epidural. Don't be scared out of having one if that's what you want. You can still have a VBAC with an epidural.Meagan: I want to talk about that. I'm still going over these risks. Going into what you were saying, there's an article that I'm reading right now. It says that 75 out of 100 women who had an epidural and they were very satisfied with the pain relief that they received. 75 out of 100 is really great. That's really great. It says, “50 out of 100 women who were very satisfied with the pain relief.”Of opioids, sorry. It says, “Compared to 50 out of 100 women who were very satisfied with pain from opioids.” There are risks to epidurals, but there's also a lot of great things that come with epidurals because we can be more present and have less trauma. It comes to a point sometimes where labor– we talk about pain versus suffering, and if you're suffering, that's not usually going to lead to a positive experience.But, let's talk about the just-in-case epidurals. We have talked about this before. Julie: That's what my sound was for.Meagan: I had a feeling. The just-in-case epidurals are frustrating. We've talked about them before. It just doesn't make sense to me. It doesn't make sense. One of these days, I would like someone to sit down and try to make this make sense. It doesn't make sense to me. Is there anything else you would want to share?Julie: Just-in-case epidurals. I just want to do the math on it though. Just-in-case epidurals don't make sense. It's not logical. The idea is that a lot of hospitals will have a requirement that you have to have an epidural placed but not turned on. If you don't want to have it turned on, you don't have to have it turned on, but you have to have it placed just in case of a uterine rupture so they can give you an epidural quickly and go get the baby out without having to put you under general anesthesia because general anesthesia is riskier. That is true. The problem with that is that in order for an epidural to be dosed to surgical strength, it takes 15-20 minutes to be dosed to surgical strength even if it is turned on already. If you have a catastrophic uterine rupture where baby needs to be out in minutes, 15-20 minutes is not going to do it. You're going to be put under general anesthesia anyways. Even if you have an epidural, and baby needs to be out in seconds or minutes, then you will be put under general anesthesia. If there is time to wait, there is time to do a spinal block in the OR. It takes effect in 5 minutes, and boom. You don't have to be put under general anesthesia. So the math isn't mathing there whenever they do that.I've had clients ask when they say, “Hey, just-in-case epidural,” and my clients will be like, “Even if I have the epidural turned on and need the baby out immediately, how much time would it take to get to surgical strength or would I have to be put under general anesthesia anyways?” They'd be like, “Well, we'd probably have to put you under general anesthesia if it's a true emergency.” Every time you ask somebody, the math doesn't math. You can't explain it. Anyways, that is my two cents about that. I think that is the most nonsense VBAC policy ever because you can't make it make sense. It is not even make it make sense. You have people say that about everything nowadays. Make it make sense, but this one literally doesn't make sense.Meagan: Yeah. It's a tricky one. It's a really tricky one. There are risks to getting an epidural, but don't be scared of getting an epidural. It's still okay. It's still okay. Just know, if you are getting an epidural, do things like hydrate. Wait as long as you can. Make sure you go to the bathroom. Eat before. Get your blood sugar up. I'm trying to think of all of the other things. Don't think that just because you get an epidural, you have to get cervical exams anytime they want. Julie: Yeah. Meagan: Yeah. Yeah. It's okay to turn your epidural down if you decide it's too heavy. Julie: There are also some providers who will tell you that you can't have an epidural with a VBAC because then how will they know if you have a uterine rupture? Anyway, the hospital policies that we see are just so different. They change and they are so drastically different even from one hospital to the next in the same area. Anyways. Meagan: Okay. Anything else that you want to cover or think that we should cover? Julie: No. Is there anything else pressing? I feel like we intended to cover more things, but we just keep chatting about it, but that's okay because there are some good stuff in this episode. Meagan: No, I think it's great. So if you guys have any questions or if you have any studies that you have found that contradict anything that we are saying, share it. Julie: Yeah. Send it over. Meagan: I would always love to read it. There are times where we miss updates studies or there are studies that we haven't seen, so please, if you have a study that either contradicts or goes along or says something slightly different, share it with us. You can email us at info@thevbaclink.com.ClosingWould you like to be a guest on the podcast? Tell us about your experience at thevbaclink.com/share. For more information on all things VBAC including online and in-person VBAC classes, The VBAC Link blog, and Meagan's bio, head over to thevbaclink.com. Congratulations on starting your journey of learning and discovery with The VBAC Link.Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/the-vbac-link/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brands

Dr. Candice Johnson was in fifth grade when she started a newspaper in her elementary school. She rallied her teachers and classmates, assigned them roles on the newspaper "staff", and published four issues within that school-year called "The Price Press". It was then she realized how her confidence and unique vision could produce results. Today, she owns her own consulting business called Vision S.P.E.A.K Consulting. Despite her obvious success, Dr. Johnson encountered her fair share of challenges in pursuit of God's purpose for her life. Retrospectively, she can see how God connects everything--even the seemingly insignificant things--towards our greater purpose and His greater glory. Listen to Dr. Johnson's podcast called "Her Renewed Mind" here.Check out her book, "Queen, Arise" here. SUPPORT His Heartbeat through Crown of Beauty Internationalhttps://www.crownofbeautyinternational.com/donateCONNECT with His Heartbeat and Crown of Beauty InternationalWebsite// Facebook//InstagramEmail: crownofbeautyinternational@gmail.comConnect with Sue Corl's Instagram//Facebook// WebsitePurchase Sue's Transformational Bible Studies and Devotionals on Amazon!Sue Corl's best-selling books: Crown of Beauty Bible Study, Broken But UndefeatedCrown of Beauty International: EMPOWERING WOMEN AROUND THE WORLD WITH GOD'S TRUTH!

fWotD Episode 2656: Worlds (Porter Robinson album) Welcome to Featured Wiki of the Day, your daily dose of knowledge from Wikipedia’s finest articles.The featured article for Monday, 12 August 2024 is Worlds (Porter Robinson album).Worlds is the debut studio album by the American electronic music producer Porter Robinson, released on August 12, 2014, by Astralwerks. Initially known for his heavier bass-centric production, Robinson became increasingly dissatisfied with the electronic dance music (EDM) genre, believing it limited his artistic expression. In 2012, Robinson released his first song with a greater emphasis on melody, "Language", and decided thereafter to prioritize aesthetic and emotional qualities in his work. He was inspired by media that evoked nostalgia for his childhood, and wrote music integrating elements taken from anime, films, and sounds from 1990s video games.Robinson's primary inspirations for Worlds were Daft Punk's Discovery (2001) and Kanye West's Graduation (2007). Critics described the work as electropop, noting similarities to the styles of M83 and Passion Pit. In late 2013, a bidding war ensued to determine which label was to release the record. The album was preceded by four singles: "Sea of Voices", "Sad Machine", "Lionhearted", and "Flicker", and promoted with a tour in North America and Europe.Worlds was well-received by most critics, who praised it as innovative and forecasted a promising career for Robinson, though others felt the record lacked coherence or was unexciting. Retrospectively, the album was noted for its impact on the EDM scene. It charted in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and the Netherlands. Following Worlds's positive reception, Robinson felt pressured to write an appropriate follow-up work. As a result, he experienced a period of writer's block and depression, leading to the seven-year gap until his next studio album, Nurture (2021).This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:52 UTC on Monday, 12 August 2024.For the full current version of the article, see Worlds (Porter Robinson album) on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Niamh.

fWotD Episode 2619: Wildest Dreams (Taylor Swift song) Welcome to Featured Wiki of the Day, your daily dose of knowledge from Wikipedia’s finest articles.The featured article for Saturday, 6 July 2024 is Wildest Dreams (Taylor Swift song)."Wildest Dreams" is a song by the American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift; it is the fifth single from her fifth studio album, 1989 (2014). Swift wrote the song with its producers Max Martin and Shellback. "Wildest Dreams" has an atmospheric balladic production incorporating programmed drums, Mellotron-generated and live strings, and synthesizers; the rhythm interpolates Swift's heartbeat. Critics described it as synth-pop, dream pop, and electropop. The lyrics feature Swift pleading with a lover to remember her even after their relationship ends. Big Machine in partnership with Republic Records released "Wildest Dreams" to radio on August 31, 2015.When the song was first released, some critics found the production and Swift's vocals alluring but others found the track derivative, comparing it to the music of Lana Del Rey. Retrospectively, critics have described "Wildest Dreams" as one of Swift's most memorable songs. The single peaked within the top five on charts of Australia, Canada, Poland, and South Africa. It was certified eight-times platinum in Australia and platinum in Canada, Portugal, and the United Kingdom. In the United States, "Wildest Dreams" peaked at number five and became 1989's fifth consecutive top-ten single on the Billboard Hot 100; it peaked atop three of Billboard's airplay charts. The Recording Industry Association of America certified the track four-times platinum.Joseph Kahn directed the music video for "Wildest Dreams". Set in 1950s Africa, it depicts Swift as a classical Hollywood actress who falls in love with her co-star but ends the fling upon completion of their film project. Media publications praised the production as cinematic but accused the video of glorifying colonialism, a claim that Kahn dismissed. Swift included "Wildest Dreams" in the set lists for two of her world tours, the 1989 World Tour (2015) and the Eras Tour (2023–2024). Following the dispute regarding the ownership of Swift's masters in 2019 and the viral popularity of "Wildest Dreams" on the social media site TikTok in 2021, Swift released the re-recorded version "Wildest Dreams (Taylor's Version)".This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:05 UTC on Saturday, 6 July 2024.For the full current version of the article, see Wildest Dreams (Taylor Swift song) on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm standard Kendra.

"Retrospectively, a lot of ex-DigiCash employees understand why Chaum was so paranoid.  As a cryptographer you have to assume the whole world is trying to rip you off.  A certain amount of paranoia is part of the job. Chaum had also worked for intelligence agencies, and that didn't fortify his faith in the good intentions of humankind. His vision of the privacy of the individual was almost an obsession.  In 1996 he said, in the relations magazine of Honeywell-Bull: "The difference between a bad electronic cash system and well-developed digital cash will determine whether we will have a dictatorship or a real democracy." ~ NEXT Magazine, 1999 Today's story unfolds around the rise and fall of DigiCash, a pioneering company in digital currency from the 90s. It delves into the paradox of its founder, David Chaum, a visionary yet paranoid cryptographer, whose brilliance in cryptography was overshadowed by his poor business acumen and inability to delegate. This leads to a compelling question: How did DigiCash, despite its advanced technology and potential to revolutionize digital payments, fail and how would the past have been different if it hadn't? This is an amazing blast from the past with many lessons to learn, don't miss the article and the Guy's Take to follow! Check out the original article at How DigiCash Blew Everything. (Link: http://tinyurl.com/2s37ew47) Host Links Guy on Nostr (Link: https://tinyurl.com/yc376bff) Guy on X (Link: https://twitter.com/theguyswann) Bitcoin Audible on X (Link: https://twitter.com/BitcoinAudible) Check out our awesome sponsors! Get 9% off the COLDCARD with code BITCOINAUDIBLE ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠(Link: bitcoinaudible.com/coldcard⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠) Swan: The best way to buy, learn, and earn #Bitcoin (Link: https://swanbitcoin.com) “The most effective way to destroy people is to deny and obliterate their own understanding of their history.” ~ George Orwell --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/bitcoinaudible/message

"Retrospectively, a lot of ex-DigiCash employees understand why Chaum was so paranoid.  As a cryptographer you have to assume the whole world is trying to rip you off.  A certain amount of paranoia is part of the job. Chaum had also worked for intelligence agencies, and that didn't fortify his faith in the good intentions of humankind. His vision of the privacy of the individual was almost an obsession.  In 1996 he said, in the relations magazine of Honeywell-Bull: "The difference between a bad electronic cash system and well-developed digital cash will determine whether we will have a dictatorship or a real democracy." ~ NEXT Magazine, 1999 Today's story unfolds around the rise and fall of DigiCash, a pioneering company in digital currency from the 90s. It delves into the paradox of its founder, David Chaum, a visionary yet paranoid cryptographer, whose brilliance in cryptography was overshadowed by his poor business acumen and inability to delegate. This leads to a compelling question: How did DigiCash, despite its advanced technology and potential to revolutionize digital payments, fail and how would the past have been different if it hadn't? This is an amazing blast from the past with many lessons to learn, don't miss the article and the Guy's Take to follow! Check out the original article at How DigiCash Blew Everything. (Link: http://tinyurl.com/2s37ew47) Host Links Guy on Nostr (Link: https://tinyurl.com/yc376bff) Guy on X (Link: https://twitter.com/theguyswann) Bitcoin Audible on X (Link: https://twitter.com/BitcoinAudible) Check out our awesome sponsors! Get 9% off the COLDCARD with code BITCOINAUDIBLE ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠(Link: bitcoinaudible.com/coldcard⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠) Swan: The best way to buy, learn, and earn #Bitcoin (Link: https://swanbitcoin.com) “The most effective way to destroy people is to deny and obliterate their own understanding of their history.” ~ George Orwell --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/bitcoinaudible/message

Today's topic aligns perfectly with the season theme of 'Redefine' as we explore today how focus reshapes our running experience. Did you know our attention span averages 8 seconds? Yes, that's a second shorter than a goldfish! So much for Ted Lasso's 'be a goldfish, Sam' pep talk after a blunder, right? We're all in the same boat, pulled by the allure of 'pretty things.' Our focus is a precious commodity, and we hold the reins on where it goes. If, like me, you're eager to find a solution to that persistent craving for another dopamine hit, stick around. What we really want is a quiet brain. A calm brain. Maybe physical exhaustion after a hard or long run is currently your ticket to finally feeling the calm settle in. So often we run to feel better physically and mentally but more often than not we return feeling disillusioned when the results of what we typically track (such as pace and distance) seem ‘blah'. We then feel frustrated and to top it off the mind still feels wired from the 2-3,000 thoughts we experienced during the hour we were running. Retrospectively, we noticed we had a difficult time connecting with the run. We need a solution to our TikTok brains. Ready? Click play. Connect with Stine: By Email Run Aligned ChiRunning Retreats (women mindful running retreat) Run Aligned Retreat on instagram Stine's Instagram Shop my Amazon store for books I love. Curious to learn more about the ChiRunning technique? ChiRunning Book: ChiRunning By Danny and Katherine Dreyer Chi Living Website

On this week's episode, I have author Shelia Heti, book writer of Pure Color, Motherhood, Alphabetical Diaries, and many many more. We talk about how I discovered her writing and why Pure Color meant so much to me. She also explains her writing process and how she approaches a story. There is so much more.Show NotesSheila Heti Website: https://www.sheilaheti.com/Sheila Heti on Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheila_HetiMichael's Online Screenwriting Course - https://michaeljamin.com/courseFree Screenwriting Lesson - https://michaeljamin.com/freeJoin My Newsletter - https://michaeljamin.com/newsletterAutogenerated TranscriptSheila Heti:That's what I was thinking.Michael Jamin:It was work harder.Sheila Heti:I was like, I got to work harder than any other writer alive.Michael Jamin:And what did that work look like to you?Sheila Heti:Just always writing and always not being satisfied and being a real critic of my work and trying to make it better and trying to be more, try to get it to sound and more interesting and figure out what my sentences were and letting myself be bad and repeat myself until I got better. And I don't think that I ever let that go. I'm not sitting here today saying, I work harder than any other writer alive. I do remember having that feeling when I was young. That's what I need to do. That's the only wayMichael Jamin:You're listening to What the hell is Michael Jamin talking about? I'll tell you what I'm talking about. I'm talking about creativity. I'm talking about writing, and I'm talking about reinventing yourself through the arts.Michael Jamin:What the hell is Michael Jamin talking about today? Well, ladies and gentlemen, I'm talking about, honestly, one of the greatest, I feel, one of the greatest writers of my generation. Yep, yep. Her name is Sheila Hedy. She's the author of I guess 11 books, including Pure Color, although it's spelled with a U, the Canadian Way, a Garden of Creatures, motherhood, how Should a Person Be? And her forthcoming book, alphabetical Diaries. And she's just an amazing talent. So she's an author, but I don't describe her this way. And by the way, I'm going to talk about Sheila for about 59 minutes, and then at the end I'll let her get a word and then I'll probably cut her off. But I have to give her a good proper introduction. She's really, really that amazing of a writer. So author isn't really the right word. She really is, in my opinion, an artist who paints with words.And if you imagine going up to a Van Gogh painting, standing right up next to it, and then you see all these brushstrokes, and then you take a step back and you're like, okay, now I see the patterns of the brushstrokes. And you take a little step back, oh, the patterns form an image. Then another step back, you say, oh, that's a landscape. It really is like that with her writing. She has these images that she paints with words, and then they form bigger thoughts and you pull back and it's really amazing what she does and how she kind of reinvents herself with each piece. And so I'm so excited and honored she for you to join me here so I can really talk more about this with you. Thank you for coming.Sheila Heti:Yeah, thanks. That introduction made me so happy. Thank you for saying all that.Michael Jamin:Lemme tell you by the way, how I first discovered you. So I have a daughter, Lola, she's 20, she's a writer, and we trade. I write something we trade. It's really lovely that we get to talk about. And so she's off at school, but she left a book behind and I'm like, all right, what's this book she left behind? Because that way I can read it and we can talk about that, have our book club. And she left Pure Color. And I was like, oh, I like the cover, so I'll take a look at it. And what I didn't realize, it was the perfect book to discover you by because it's book about among other things, about a father's relationship with his daughter. So I text her, I say, I'm reading pure color. She goes, Sheila Hedy's, one of my favorite authors. If I could write anybody, it would be her. I'm like, all right, well, I got to continue reading this. And then a couple of days later, I get to the part and I send her a text. I say, you and me would make a great leaf. And she goes, that's my favorite part. The tree. That's my favorite part.You're also an interviewer. You've interviewed some amazing writers. Joan Didion, Margaret Atwood, big shots. And so I'm sure as an interviewer, you give a lot of thought to your first question. So I was trying to, I better give a lot of thought to my first question, and I kept coming back to the same one, which is pure color. It's such a big swing. If you were to pitch me this idea, you'd say, I'm going to write a book. It's about a father's relationship with his daughter, but it's also about a woman's unrequited love with her friend, but it's also about the soul and what it means to have a life. I'd say, I don't know, Sheila, that's kind of a big swing. I don't know about this, but you hit it out of the park, you did it. It was beautifully done. And so my first question is, you come up with an idea like this, where do you get the nerve to think that you can actually pull this off? This is really where do you get the nerve to think that, okay, I'm going to do this.Sheila Heti:The nerve.Michael Jamin:Well, it's such a big swing. It's like, how do you know you can do this? Do you know what I'm saying?Sheila Heti:Yeah. I don't know. I mean, I don't know that I could do it. So it's nice to hear. I mean, I don't think that you ever think you're going to be able to finish the book that you start, and then when you finish a book, you never think you're ever going to start a new one. That's sort of where I am right now. In that confused place. There's a part of it that always feels like, I dunno how to explain it. I mean, I don't know how to answer that question. It's a weird process. There's no process. There's no system to doing it, and then you hope you did it. You feel good and it feels done, but you dunno how you ever got there.Michael Jamin:And how do you know you arrived? How do you know when it's time to quit on something? And do you ever quit on something?Sheila Heti:Yeah. Yeah, A lot. A lot. But usually not like three or four years in, usually 60 pages in or something like that.Michael Jamin:60Sheila Heti:Pages is when you start thinking this is not working.Michael Jamin:Is it a gut feeling? How do you knowSheila Heti:Your curiosity runs out?Michael Jamin:Your curiosity runs out. Okay, so you get bored by it yourself?Sheila Heti:Yeah.Michael Jamin:Is that what you're saying?Sheila Heti:Yeah, it's just like, that was fun. That was nice. That was a good couple of weeks. I was really excited. I really thought this was going somewhere. And then it just ends. It's like a relationship. You think, oh, this is so great, I'm going to be with this person. And then after six months you're like,Michael Jamin:I was kidding myself. But you're writing. I have so much I want to say, it seems like you reinvent yourself with each piece. You know what I'm saying? It's like pure color is very, very different from how should a person be, which I was like, okay, I want to read this. I'm not sure how should a person be, which is extremely different from alphabetical diaries, which is almost like an experiment. And I wonder, do you get pushback from your agent or your publisher? Do they want you to do the same thing? We know it works.Sheila Heti:No, I think that at this point there's no expectation of that. When I wrote my second book, there was a feeling like that's not the first one. And there was some disappointment and the publisher said, this book doesn't count as your next book. In part, I think it was so different, but I think at this point that's, I mean, I've been publishing for 20 years. That's not really what people say to me anymore.Michael Jamin:Really? What do they say? They say, oh good, this is fresh. And it's more from you.Sheila Heti:No, I mean, I guess I changed publishers a lot more than other people do. So my publisher of motherhood didn't like pure color, so they rejected it. So I found a different publisher and the publisher of Tickner, my second book didn't like how should a person be? So I found a different publisher. So I think I move around a lot for that reason.Michael Jamin:Is that common with authors? You have to tell me all about this author thing? No, it's not really common.Sheila Heti:No. Usually you have one publisher and one editor and you just stick with them for a long time. SoMichael Jamin:It seems though you came up through the art. Alright, I have this idea of who you are from reading your books. You have, it's all very personal what you write and which makes it brave. It's brave for a couple of reasons. It's brave because you're being so vulnerable, you're putting yourself out there, but it's also brave. I feel like you're trying something new each time and that could fail. And so that to me is part of what makes your writing so exciting. But do you have any expectation when you're writing something which is so different, do you have an expectation of your reader how you want them to react?Sheila Heti:I mean, I want them to get to the end of the book. That's what I want. I want to draw them through, but I don't think I have a feeling like, oh, I want them to be sad on this page and I want them to be curious of this page and feel this way on this page. I just want them to be interested enough to get to the end. So how do I keep that momentum up and how some people conversation, they have long monologues, they're like a monologue, but I'm not because I'm always afraid people are going to lose interest. So I kind of feel like the same with my book. I'm always afraid that somebody's going to lose interest. So I'm always trying to keep it moving,Michael Jamin:But it's not an emotional reaction. I mean, your writing is very philosophical to me. When I'm reading your work, I feel like maybe this is my theory about what you have, and I'm sure it's not right, but it's that there are passages which I feel are so rich and so smart, and I have so much thought that I have to go back and read it again. So I'm wondering if that's what you're thinking. I want to write something that makes people have to read it again.Sheila Heti:No, I never think that because a very fast reader, and I don't reread passages and I don't read slowly. So for me, I'm always thinking that people are reading. I'm always imagining the person reading kind of fast,Michael Jamin:But thought. I mean some of them are really, some of your thoughts are very deep and very profound, and I'm like, I'm not sure if I understood all this. I got to read it again. I mean, don't you think? No.Sheila Heti:Yeah, I guess so. I don't know. I don't really think about that. I don't really think about the person, the reader in that way of like, are they going to have to read this again? Is this going to be hard for them to understand? I think my language is very straightforward. Yeah. I don't know how I think about the reader. I think of myself as the reader. So I'm really writing it so that I like every sentence. I like the way it turns. I like the pictures it makes.Michael Jamin:But when you say I want them to get to the end, what are you hoping they'll do at the end? Is there any hope or expectation?Sheila Heti:Well, I think especially in pure color, the end is really important. It kind of makes the whole book makes sense. And motherhood too, and maybe less how should a person be and less alphabetical diaries. But I think in some cases, a book, I'm somebody who doesn't always read books to the end. I like getting taste of different author's minds and so on. But I think in the case of some books, you have to read it to the end to really understand the whole, so that's in the case of pure color, why I wanted people to get to the endMichael Jamin:BecauseSheila Heti:It makes the beginning mean something different. If you've read.Michael Jamin:It does. I mean it is, and it's about processing grief. So do you outline when you come up with an idea, where do you begin?Sheila Heti:Well, with pure color, I thought I want to write a book about the history of art criticism. So I always start off really far away from where I end up. I always think that I want to write a book of nonfiction and I'm not a good nonfiction writer, so it always ends up being a novel. But I think I usually start off with an, well, in the case of this book, I also started off with this title that I had in my dream. The title was Critics Bayer, BARE. So I was thinking about art criticism and so on, but then I don't know, the books kind of take on their own direction. I never really understood when people said that they had characters that sort of did things that they didn't expect. But I feel like that is true sometimes of the book as a whole. It moves in a direction I didn't expect, so I couldn't outline.Michael Jamin:You don't outline all. And so does it require you to discover what the story is then once you find it, toss out the stuff that's not the story orSheila Heti:Yeah, I basically write way too much and then just cut and try to find the story and move things in different orders and try to find the plot after. I've written a ton of stuff already,Michael Jamin:Because I know from reading, you come from the art world, you're an artist and I think you hang out with artists, people, so you talk about what art is, is that right or no, do not shatter what I think of now. That's not itSheila Heti:Mean and relationships and all that kind ofMichael Jamin:Stuff and relationships. Because I mean, I don't know, it seems like that's why I say you're an artist. You have these conversations even about what art is. And do you draw inspiration from paintings when you approach?Sheila Heti:Yeah, I'm interested in the book as art. I think more than storytelling. I'm interested in the book as sort of an experience that you're undergoing in different way from just the experience of being told a story. I don't think that I'm so interested probably in the things that a lot of other novelists are interested in, character and plot and conflict and all those things.Michael Jamin:Well, it's really, I've heard you say this, it's really, you're writing various forms of you and it's very personal and very intimate. But you also made the distinction in something I read where there's Sheila, the author, then there's Sheila, the character. Is that right?Sheila Heti:Yeah. I mean, in two of the books there's kind of a character that sort of stands in a way for me, but it never really, it doesn't feel like a direct transcription of myself or my life or my thoughts. There's always this feeling of maybe it's like how actors are, there's a part of yourself that goes into the character and there's other parts of yourself that are left out.Michael Jamin:And so I was going to say, is there stuff about you that you leave out, for example? I mean, how should a person be? Or alphabetical diaries, it feels like we're talking about you, right?Sheila Heti:Yeah. Well, how should a person be felt? A lot like a character pretty, I was thinking about Paris Hilton and Lindsay Lohan. This was like 2005, and Britney Spears and these kind of women in culture that were bad girls and doing things sort of the subject of so much attention and so narcissistic or considered Narcissistic and the Hills, which was a show that I really loved. And sort of thinking about this character in the book being a voice that was somewhere between me and those girls. So there was this, this layering on of personalities, which I'm not thinking about. What does it mean to try to be a celebrity? What does it mean to be one? To be looked at, to idolize oneself? Those are my diaries. So there wasn't a sense of a character in the same way, but because the sentences are separated from one another, I guess it's like I don't feel like I'm telling anybody anything about my life. There's no anecdote in there.Michael Jamin:But I see that's the thing. And we'll just talk about alphabetical diaries because you're telling with such an, let me tell people what it's, so it's basically an ordinary diary is chronological. This is what I did today and this is tomorrow, whatever. But you grouped your diary by the first letter of each sentence, which organized, and this is again, another high degree of difficulty. This could have easily been gimmicky, but it was a rethinking of what a diary is. And when I say patterns emerge, so for example, when you get to D, these was do not whatever or do this or that. So you hear, okay, so here's a person creating rules for themselves. And then an E was even though, so now they're creating rules, but creating exceptions for these rules, making allowances. And so what you have is, and was so interesting about it, many of these thoughts were contradictory.So you're painting a picture of this person, but in one sentence, okay, maybe she's dating this guy. And the next sentence, this other guy, I'm like, well, what's going on here? Then I realize, oh, this is not chronological. And so I'm getting a complete picture of this person, which is so interesting, but, so I know who I guess know who you are, but I don't know who you are today. I know who you are as this arching thing in your life, which is so fricking interesting. And that was where the thought process going into this,Sheila Heti:Yeah, mean. So it's like 10 years of diaries and I put it into Excel and the a z function. So it's completely alphabetical first letter of the sentence and then the second letter and the third letter. And it was just, I mean, I guess I wanted to see exactly that. What happens if you look at yourself in that way? Do you see patterns? Do you understand yourself in a different way? Not narratively, but as a collection of themes or Yeah, exactly. That a scientific or sort of a cross section of yourself.Michael Jamin:Yeah,Sheila Heti:And it worked that way. I think with the diaries, what you do see is, oh, there are sort of these recurring thoughts and these recurring themes and these recurring ways of perceiving the world and perceiving yourself that persists over 10 years. That actually the one self, you think of yourself as this thing that's constantly changing through time and especially a diary gives you that feeling, but then when you do it alphabetical, the self looks like a really static kind of thing in way, no, I'm actually just these few little bubbles of concerns that don't change,Michael Jamin:That keep recurring when, by the way, when people say everything's been done before everything's been written, it's like, well, you haven't read Sheila Heady. Start reading hers. This is different. This why's so interesting about, that's why I think you're such an amazing writer, and it totally worked. Totally. You get a picture of this person and the recurring themes and recurring worries and, and even one of them, some things that struck me, there was one passage where it's like you go into a bookstore and you're like, isn't this also novels? Isn't it also unimportant? And I'm like, no, if it was, you wouldn't be doing this. So this was just a thought that you had at one point. It's not how you feel. It's how you felt at this one moment, right?Sheila Heti:Yeah, yeah. Literary fiction. Yeah. Like what a little tiny thing that is.Michael Jamin:But when people, okay, so now we have this picture of you and when you go do, let's say book signings or whatever, and people come up to you, they must have a parasocial relationship with you where they feel they know you. Your writing is so intimate. And what's your response to that?Sheila Heti:I think that's nice. I mean, I think that that's kind of the feeling you want people to have is it is your soul or your mind or whatever that you're trying to give people. And so if somebody feels that they know you well, in a certain sense they do. I mean, obviously not that well, they knowMichael Jamin:What you share, but there's, okay, I don't know what kind of music you like. I've read to all this stuff, but I know your insecurities and fears, but I don't know what you think is funny. I don't know what music you like. There's stuff you held back.Sheila Heti:Yeah, absolutely. But I think that's like, I don't know. I mean, I don't know. People aren't really very weird with me. Ed books or things, people are just pretty nice. And I never get this. I, I've rarely had interactions that feel creepy or weird or presumptuous or any of those things.Michael Jamin:Well, I'm not even going even that far, but they feel like they must feel like they know you certainly, but they know what you share. They know as much as you share. Right?Sheila Heti:TheseMichael Jamin:Kind of brave, bold decisions you make to create all this stuff. Is there a writer whose work you emulated in the beginning? Where do you begin to come up with this stuff? Was there someone who you wanted to write? Just like,Sheila Heti:I mean, I really loved Dostoevsky and Kafka and the heavy hitters. Yeah, I mean, I just loved all the greatest writers,Michael Jamin:But did you want to write like them?Sheila Heti:No, I mean, I think the closest I ever felt like I wanted to write a writer was, do you know Jane Bowles? BOW Elliot? She was married to Paul Bulls.Michael Jamin:No, to me, much of your work felt a little bit like it. Tall Cals, some of it works. Some of it was very ethereal and meditative.Sheila Heti:Yeah, I mean, I think Jane Bowles was the only one that I really felt myself imitating her sentences. She wrote a book called Two Serious Ladies, which I still really love. That was the only time when I felt like I was falling into somebody else's cadences and rhythms and so on. AndMichael Jamin:What happened whenSheila Heti:That was with my first book, the Middle Stories, and then the second book was written was so different. The second book I wrote was in such a different style that left me, but maybe there's still a way in which I still do. I think she's probably the writer that I write the most, if anyone. But I mean, she only wrote one book. So it's a very different kind of life than the one that I've had. No, I'm just always just trying to keep myself interested. So I think that I don't ever want to, I a very, I just want it to be fun for me. And so if I was to write the same book again, it wouldn't be fun. And books take five years to Write, or this diary book took more than 10 years to edit. So by the time I'm done a book, no, I'm such a different person than I was in some way when I started, even though I just said that you don't really change, but there's a way in which you get tired of thinking about the same things over,Michael Jamin:But then you think it would be hard to not constantly tinker with it. Isn't that part of the problem?Sheila Heti:I like constantly tinkering with it. That's fun.Michael Jamin:But then you have to let go. But how do you let go of it though?Sheila Heti:Well, at a certain point you start making it worse. You're like, oh, I think I'm starting to make it worse. You start to become self-conscious, and then you start to want to correct it, and then you start to want it to sort of be the person that you are today rather than the person you were five years ago. But you've got to honor the person that was five years ago that started the book. So you can't carry it on so far that you become, you've changed so much that now you're a critic of the book that's going to destroy the book.Michael Jamin:Yeah. See, that's so interesting. That's something I think about quite a bit. Yeah. How do I just let it go? And that someone else, it's funny when you talk about the language, because that's one thing that struck me about pure color. Your sentences are written in very, they're very, it's kind of brief, very, I dunno what the best way to describe it, but it's almost terse. And to be honest, if you had told, as I'm reading this, I could have thought this was said 150 years ago, and then occasionally you say you make a reference to something modern Google, and I'm like, oh, wait a minute, this takes space today. So that was a conscious, obviously decision that you made to kind of give it a timelessness.Sheila Heti:Yeah, I always kind of want that because I think that's my hope for a book is that it could be understood in a hundred years or 500 years, or you need Plato today, you want to write something that people could understand in a thousand years.Michael Jamin:But you know what I'm saying, the language, it almost felt, but your language is different though, in an alphabetical diary. Well, obviously since it's a diary, but man, so to me it's like you're not doing, like I said, you're not doing the same thing. I don't know, it could have been two different authors. That's what I'm saying. I guess it felt like two very different pieces and it was just wonderful. But when you say, so what then? Because like I said, you have these art friends, I have this whole life for you, you have these because you went to art, you studied art, and you hang out with a bunch of artists and you talk about art, and I want to know what these conversations are because we don't talk about art and TV writing. No one, we don't think we're doing art, but I feel like that's what you guys are doing. So do you talk about what the whole point of art is?Sheila Heti:I think I did when I was younger,Michael Jamin:Right? Then you grewSheila Heti:Out of it when I was in my twenties. And then you kind of figure that out for yourself in some way. Well, then you have your crises and whatever, and then you got to think about it and talk about it again. But no, I think these days what I talk about with my friends is just whatever the specific project is, whatever problems you're having with a specific thing, mostly complaining, the difficulty of not being able to pull it off or feeling like you are stuck or you're never going to be able to write it. I have these three other writers that I share my work with we're meeting tomorrow. So before I got on the call with you, I just sent something off to them, and tomorrow we're just going to have read each other's things and talk about how we feel about it. But for me, I'm just like, I think what I need at this point from them is reassurance, honestly.Michael Jamin:Reassurance,Sheila Heti:Yeah. Because you're so lost in the middle and you don't know what you're communicating and if you're communicating anything, and is it worth continuing? Should it just all be thrown out? There's so much doubtMichael Jamin:Because it's so very humble of you. You're a master writer, and yet you make it sound like you're still a student. You know what I'm saying?Sheila Heti:I mean, you think, I don't know if it's the same for you, but don't you think you're always kind of a student? BecauseMichael Jamin:Whenever you start, yeah, yeah. Look, yes. When every time you're looking at that blank page, I dunno how to do any of this.Sheila Heti:Yeah, exactly. You always feel like you're back at square one somehow.Michael Jamin:Yeah.Sheila Heti:Although now, not exactly square one. I've been starting this new book this week, and again, it may get to 60 pages and fall away from me, but now I have a different feeling that I had when I was in my early twenties. The feeling I have now is like, oh, I did that. Oh, I've had that thought before. Oh, I've written senses in that way before. What I'm trying to do now is none of the things that I've already done. They just, and so, yeah, where is this part of myself that I haven't written from yet? So that's kind where I'm now. So it's not really starting from square one, but it's still just as hard,Michael Jamin:Right? Because you feel like you've said everything you had to say or done everything you wanted. Is that what it is? Or,Sheila Heti:I know what my sentences sound like, so I feel like, oh, I'm not surprised by that sentence. That sounds like a sentence that my, I feel like I'm, you get this rhythm that is very pleasurable to write if the sentences have a rhythm, but now I'm just like, I'm tired of that rhythm. That rhythm can only give me one kind of sentence or one kind of thought. So I'm trying to figure out what else is there inside.Michael Jamin:Yeah, I imagine that's hard for someone. Basically, you're a physician who's made a hit and another hit, and what if I don't do it again? How do I do it differently? Or how do I reinvent myself now?Sheila Heti:And even just what's the meaning in this for me now? With every book, there's a different phase of life you're at. And I'm 46 now, so I dunno how old you are.Michael Jamin:How dare you? I'm 53.Sheila Heti:Yeah, I figured you were just a few years older than me. So it's a very different age to write from because you are not hungry in the same way you were when you were 23 and you were both in houses. You have accomplished certain things. And so what's the deepest part of yourself that still needs to do this when you're 23? Every part of yourself needs to do it in this extreme way. You've got to make a life for yourself. You've got to prove to yourself, you can do it. You've got to make money, you've got to all this kind of stuff. So what's the place at 46 or 53 that you're writing from that is just as vital and urgent as that place at 23?Michael Jamin:Yeah, I think actually that's why I started changing mediums. I've kind of done this headcount thing. What else can I do?Sheila Heti:So the essay, the podcast? Yeah.Michael Jamin:Well, most of the essays, the essay started the whole thing. It was like, it's funny, in your book or a couple of times, you mentioned, should I go to LA? And I'm thinking, why does she want to go to la? What was that about? What'sSheila Heti:That about? I've got family there. When I was a little kid, my parents used to put me on a plane. I was five years old and I'd be sent to LA and I had relatives and I would stay with them. And it was just, to me, it's such happy childhood memories and I just love Los Angeles. Whenever I go back, I think this is a place in the world besides Toronto that I'd most like to live.Michael Jamin:Really? So different.Sheila Heti:Yeah. I just love it. Yeah, so I love everything. I love it.Michael Jamin:Oh my God, I don't what, I've been to Toronto. I had, well, then ISheila Heti:Remember that LA's in America, and then I like, no, maybe not.Michael Jamin:Yeah, good point. Good point. So there's something else. I remember what I wanted, what I want to say. You had in one book, it was like, you're lamenting. I hope I never have to teach. And now you're teaching, right?Sheila Heti:Yeah, just for this one year.Michael Jamin:Okay. What was that about that decision?Sheila Heti:Well, I love teaching and I wanted the money because I didn't want to have to feel like I had to rush to start a new book. So I just wanted a year where I didn't have to have that anxiety of what's my next book going to be like, I've got to start. I've got to get a certain ways in and then sell it. And I like teaching a lot, and I just felt excited about the idea, but it was supposed to be a two year position, and now I've just changed it to a one year position. It becomes too much, even one day. And teaching a week is like, there's no point to writeMichael Jamin:Because you have to read all the whatever they write on the side. You're saying, well,Sheila Heti:I've got to commute two hours to get there, and then two hours home, and then, I don't know. And then your brain just sort of stays in that university space with your students for three or four days, and then you have two days where you're not with them and then you go back to school.Michael Jamin:So what does your life really look like? Your writing life? What is it like to be an author on a dayday basis?Sheila Heti:What your life is all day long? You're either writing emails or you're writing writing. Probably spend more time writing emails and doing correspondence and businessy stuff than writing. Writing, and then all the life stuff, walking the dog, doing household chores. I don't have a very regimented existence, but I just sitting in bed and being on my computer, that's sort of myMichael Jamin:Favorite. That's where you write on laptop. Oh my God, my back would kill me. But something else you said, because I really was turning to you for answers as I was reading it. I'm like, she's got the answers. And you said, and you're like, I don't have the answers, but no, I'm like, no, she's got the answers. And you said, art must have at one point, art must have humor. I think you said that in How should a person be? And I was like, really? That's what you guys think. There has to be humor in art.Sheila Heti:Oh yeah. You got to know where the funny is. Yeah, I think,Michael Jamin:Sure. I don'tSheila Heti:Understand. It's the two. I read your essay. It was very funny.Michael Jamin:Yeah. But thank you. But I have an intention. I have an intention when I write, but I don't understand why you think there has to be humor. Alright. Why do you think there has to be humor it in art?Sheila Heti:Humor's such a part of life. I mean, if you don't have humor in life or art, you're missing a huge part of the picture. I mean, it's all, it's just the absurdity of being a human. It's,Michael Jamin:Well, see the thing as a sitcom writer, look, I'm grateful to have made a living as a sitcom writer. It's what I wanted to do, but it's not like anyone looks at what we do. It's like, oh, that's high art. They go, it's kind of mostly, people think it's kind of base. And I think, and when you think about even at the Oscars, when they're fitting the best picture, it's never a comedy. It's that the comedies are not important enough. And so that's why I had this feeling like, well, can humor be an art? Can it be, ISheila Heti:Mean, I think great art always has humor in it, but it's the same thing in literature. The funny writers are not as respected as the serious ones, but I think that they're wrong. I mean, Kurt Vonnegut, I love Kurt Vonnegut. He's extremely funny, but he's never had the same status as somebody like, I dunno, Don DeLillo or whatever, because he's not serious enough. But I think it's a very, who are the people that are making that judgment? That the solemn writers that have no humor are the best writers. They're just idiots. I mean, it's not the case.Michael Jamin:I gave my manuscript to one publisher. I was rejected from him, and he wrote, he was very kind. He goes, oh, this book really works. I like it, but it's not high literature. And we do high literature here. And I was like, how dare you? I was like, well, I totally agree. It's not high literature. Not that I could write high literature, but I didn't set out to do. But there was still that sting of what you're doing is not important because it's funny.Sheila Heti:Yeah. That's a stupid editor.Michael Jamin:Well, he got the last laugh. Wait a minute, wait a minute. But yeah, I don't know. Okay. But is humor in painting and humor in all art? I mean,Sheila Heti:Yeah, levity. Well, just that scent, that aspect of life. That is the laugh that is that bubbling up laughing. Yeah. I mean, I think that that's joy. Joy and humor are very closely connected. And a work of art without humor is a work of art without joyMichael Jamin:AndSheila Heti:Wants to take that in.Michael Jamin:Then what is art? I'm honest here. You learned this when you're 20 and I haven't learned it yet. So what is art to you and what's the difference between good art and bad art?Sheila Heti:It's a reflection of the human experience. It's like an expression of what it feels like to be a human, that a human is making for another human.Michael Jamin:Okay, so it's this interpretation of what you feel, what it means to be human, is that right?Sheila Heti:It's an expression of what you feel like it means to be human.Michael Jamin:Right. Okay. And then how do youSheila Heti:That in an object?Michael Jamin:And then how do you know if it's good art or bad art?Sheila Heti:I mean, there's no consensus, right? You liked pure color, but a lot of people don't. There's just no consensus because it touched you, but somebody else thinks it's the worst book they've ever read, and that's okay. I mean, I think that that's right. We can't all speak to each other. We're not all here for all of each other.Michael Jamin:Oh, just because you mentioned that it was so touching this one moment, it really hit me where you explain how you felt the father, how his love for his daughter was so much that it put pressure on her not to have her life because her life was so important to him. And I thought, oh crap, I hope I'm not doing that because my feeling is no, it's just pure love. It's an expression of pure love. But from the other side, I can see that.Sheila Heti:Yeah. Yeah. I think that that's what I was thinking about in that book. That's the sort of tragedy ofMichael Jamin:Yes,Sheila Heti:Families and friendships and so on, that we want to love each other, but we can't in the way that we want to.Michael Jamin:Hey, it's Michael Jamin. If you like my content, and I know you do because you're listening to me, I will email it to you for free. Just join my watch list. Every Friday I send out my top three videos of the week. These are for writers, actors, creative types, people like you can unsubscribe whenever you want. I'm not going to spam you, and the price is free. You got no excuse to join. Go to michaeljamin.com. And now back to, what the hell is Michael Jamin talking about?Michael Jamin:It was just so beautiful to express that as two souls stuck in a leaf, where is this coming from? It felt completely appropriate, but also almost out of the blue. And that's what was so amazing about that whole section. Thanks.Sheila Heti:Yeah. I don't even remember where that idea came to me. I don't know if you feel like this with your writing, but sometimes you remember exactly where an idea came from. You can even picture yourself being right there having it, and sometimes you almost have anesia around it,Michael Jamin:Really? And what about the part? There was so many lovely moments of this woman working in a lamp store, and she has to turn the lamps on every single lamp on, and it's almost like, I got to do this, but there's her counterpart who has to turn the lamps off at the end of the day, something equally horrible. It was really funny, and it was just, I don't know. Did you ever work in a lamp store?Sheila Heti:No. No. But there was this lamp store that I used to pass on the way to one of my first jobs, and I would look in the window, and I did eventually buy a lamp from that store with all the money I had in the world. But I never worked in a lamp store, but I was obsessed with this lamp. I really thought it was going to change my life.Michael Jamin:And do you still have it?Sheila Heti:No. It got broken in aMichael Jamin:Fit ofSheila Heti:Rage situation. Yeah, it got broken rage.Michael Jamin:I was stuck on a paragraph I wrote against this important list. ItSheila Heti:Was in the box on the floor, and somebody stepped on it. And anyway, it's sad, but whatever.Michael Jamin:Okay. But alright. So much of it felt like, yeah. Okay. So it was a version of you that wasn't exactly, but where was this coming from? You said you had a point you were making. I don't rememberSheila Heti:Where, because at some parts you remember where they came from and some parts you justMichael Jamin:Kind of pull out of, pullSheila Heti:Out of. You don't remember how they came about?Michael Jamin:Yeah. I don't know. I always feel like when I'm writing, if there's an idea that has a strong emotional reaction, like, okay, maybe there's something there.Sheila Heti:A strong emotional reaction in you.Michael Jamin:Yeah. In me. I have a terrible memory, but if I remember something, why do I remember it? There must be a reason.Sheila Heti:You have a terrible memory too,Michael Jamin:And you wouldn't know it, but I guess you document everything in your diary.Sheila Heti:I mean, the diary is usually not about things that happened. It's more about the feelings that I'm having in the moment that I'm writing it. I wish that my diary was more about things that happenedMichael Jamin:Really Well, you get to decide what you put in your diary.Sheila Heti:I know usually when one writes a diary, it's because you're in a moment of high emotion that you need to get your feelings out.Michael Jamin:Do you write every day in your diary?Sheila Heti:No. No, no. Just when I need to. And I don't even really do it anymore now.Michael Jamin:Interesting. Yeah, there is. There's something else you said about it. Yeah. There's so many moments that were so interesting. Like you said at one point that the men you date don't understand you. I'm like, well, don't they read your book? I mean, why don't you just give 'em your book and didn't understand you?Sheila Heti:No, I mean, I don't know.Michael Jamin:You don't know. We'll get back to, I don'tSheila Heti:Even think that it's really all Yeah, like you were saying earlier, it's not really you. It's just an expression of a corner of you.Michael Jamin:Yeah. I don't know. But do you really feel that? I mean, I'm going back and forth. You'll see I contradict myself, but what you write is so to me, it feels so personal. I don't know how it cannot be you.Sheila Heti:I mean, I don't know. When I'm working on it, it doesn't feel like me. It just feels like writing on a page. It feels very plastic. I don't feel like it's me.Michael Jamin:So there's no, wow, because there's no inhibition there because it's very intimate. There's no inhibition. You don't feel to be judged. This is just a character named Sheila, by the way.Sheila Heti:I mean, I just don't think about it. Just I have this, that part of my brain is not awake when I'm editing or writing that people that are going to think it's meMichael Jamin:Or whatever. Well, that's bold. That really is bold because the notion that you're not worried about being judged, you're not worrying about expressingSheila Heti:Yourself. I worry about being judged for an email that I send. That's a stupid email much more than I ever worry about a book.Michael Jamin:Really? Really? Yeah. Your book is permanent and it's your art.Sheila Heti:But I have so much control over it. I have so much. I take so much time with it. It's not spontaneous. It's really thought through. So I'm not, and it's art. It's not me. An email is me. A book is not, it's its own thing.Michael Jamin:Okay. How should a person be? I mean, this to me felt like this is your struggle. It was really interesting when it was a narrative struggle about a woman trying to find herself in a brief period of time. And I felt like, no, this is you. Right?Sheila Heti:I mean, it doesn't really feel like that. No.Michael Jamin:Alright. This interview's over. That's why I think when I said, you're brave, I think that's what makes you brave, is that this fearlessness of I can put it out there and I'm not really worried about it.Sheila Heti:Yeah. I just don't care. I care about being judged as a human in the world, as a person, but not through my books, not through your I care about it and Oh, she's wearing a really stupid outfit. I care about it in all those ways that everybody does, but not via the books. Not as the books as a portal to judgment about me.Michael Jamin:Wow. Wow. I I don't know if you know how profound that is. To me. It really is. Yeah, because it gives you so much freedom to write then.Sheila Heti:Yeah. I mean, but fiction is different from essays. I think with essays you do feel like it's you, but with novels you don't. Or I don't,Michael Jamin:Yeah. But I guess, and I didn't really know this term, it's auto nonfiction, which I guess is this term. I was not familiar withSheila Heti:Auto fiction. They call itMichael Jamin:Auto fiction. That's what I meant. Auto fiction. Yeah. And soSheila Heti:I like auto nonfiction though. I think that's how it should start to be called.Michael Jamin:Really? Yeah. Just by my dumbest. Yeah. But when you call it auto itself, so I don't know.Sheila Heti:Yeah, I didn't give it that term. The critics give it that term, auto fiction, but all writing is auto fiction. All writing comes from yourself. It's a really silly term, but I mean, they guess they use it for people that write characters that have their name. Which again, that's only, and how should a person be? Does the character have my name? None of the other books.Michael Jamin:Well, okay, but Well, theSheila Heti:Diaries, obviouslyMichael Jamin:The diaries, but also I also know that pure color was taken from your life. I mean, we know that inSheila Heti:A lot ofMichael Jamin:Ways. So I also want to know about this, and I know I'm concentrating on how should person, well, on both of 'em I guess. But this play that you were commissioned to write, how does that work that you were tortured by throughout the whole book? You felt like you couldn't come up with anything good. How does that come about? So a local theater said, will you write us a play?Sheila Heti:Yeah, yeah.Michael Jamin:And it was their idea.Sheila Heti:Yeah. Yeah. They commissioned a play for me,Michael Jamin:But they said, I mean, this is what we want it to be about. Or they said right aboutSheila Heti:It was a feminist theater company, and they said it could be about anything as long as it was about women in it. And I really had the hardest time. I mean, I wrote a play, I'm sure you experienced this in Hollywood, and then there was a lot of notes. And in theater we call it dramaturgy. And I got so confused and I just couldn't make the play better from the notes. And it was just this torture, because when you're writing a book, or at least in my case, editors aren't like that. They're not giving you their notes to make the book something other than what you want it to be. But in theater, what's this character's motivation? Why does this happen here? There was just so much feedback and I just lost my sense of what I liked about it and what it was.Michael Jamin:And then how did you find it ultimately? You were happy with it, weren't you?Sheila Heti:Ultimately, I just, when it got put on a couple years after, how should a person be was published, it was just my original draft. So I never ended up editing it according to any of the notes in the end.Michael Jamin:Wow. So you won that battle?Sheila Heti:I guess so you did. It wasn't them who put it on. It was some other, some kid.Michael Jamin:Oh,Sheila Heti:I mean, he's not a kid anymore, but he seemed like a kid at the time.Michael Jamin:But you also do something called trampoline hall, which struck me as really fun. It seems like you're just part of this artwork. You make art. Well, I don't care what it is. Let's just do something weird and interesting until trampoline hall, which I love the premise of it's you say people deliver lectures on subjects they don't know anything about.Sheila Heti:Is that what it's, it's not their area of professional expertise. So they can do, oh,Michael Jamin:So they are experts.Sheila Heti:They can do research for their talk. It's just that it can't be their professional expertise.Michael Jamin:So they're not talking out of the rests. They're talking to about if they know No. Oh, okay.Sheila Heti:They do the research. Yeah. And then there's, so the talk lasts about 15 minutes, and then there's a q and a, and then So there's three of those and night, and yeah, it's been running once a month in Toronto since December, 2000 or 2001. Them. I haven't been involved in it. You them? Oh, no, no. I mean, I started it, and my friend Misha Goberman is and was the host, but after about three or four years, I left around 2005 or so. But he still keeps it going. So now I used to pick the three people every month, and I just used to, when I was in my twenties, I had crushes on people all the time. And it was fascinated by people in such a way that it was a way of having these friendships where I would go out with them and talk about what their talk was going to be about, and then I'd see them on stage.And it was just a way of being with people. My life is not really like that anymore, where I'm coming into contact with so many people that I just have to have a show and put them on stage. I find 'em so fascinating. And the culture's changed because again, in the early two thousands, there weren't, the internet wasn't what it is. And I just felt like there's all these smart people with all these interesting things to say, and nobody's paying any attention to them. And here's a venue for them. You obviously don't need that, a barroom lecture series for people to have a voice in this culture anymore. Yeah,Michael Jamin:Right. That's right. Now you deal with students, young people. And so what's your take then, as an artist, as you deal with people of this younger generation? What do you see?Sheila Heti:I don't know. I mean, I only see them through a very narrow lens. You don't show your teacher that much of your life. I see them sitting in a classroom for two and a half hours once a week. I've only done it for seven weeks.Michael Jamin:But you read their work or you pretend to?Sheila Heti:I read it. There's not that much. I mean, I don't know. You can't really generalize about a generation. Every person's different.Michael Jamin:One of the stories in my book is about that. It was about me trying to, being in a creative writing class, trying to impress my teacher, and just having no idea how to write, just none. And feeling complete. You're smiling. You can relate or you see it.Sheila Heti:Well, because I'm smiling, because yeah, that's how people feel. And it's sort of a failure of the way that creative writing is taught that makes a person feel like they can't writeMichael Jamin:Well. Okay. So what's the first thing you tell? What's the most important thing you tell your students then maybe?Sheila Heti:Well, I try to show them all these examples of, so-called bad writing and stuff that's intentionally boring and that's badly put together because I just think it's a better route. You're more likely to become a good writer if you are trying to do something bad than if you're trying to do something good. If you're reading the greatest writers and you're trying to emulate them, and you're all intimidated and blocked and nervous, and you're trying to write in a style that has nothing to do with yourself.Michael Jamin:So then how does showing them something bad help? Do you say, go ahead and write or write. What's the point of showing them somethingSheila Heti:Bad? I don't want 'em to try to write. WellMichael Jamin:Write Well, you don't, but you don't want 'em to write schlocky or poorly written stuff either.Sheila Heti:I'd rather have them write basic. I don't know. I just think when you're trying to impress, when you're writing to try to impress somebody, it's just you're starting off on completely the wrong foot. I want them their writing. So for example, in this class, one of the first experiments we did was I told them to go into their messages, their text messages, threads, and to copy out every single text message that they'd sent and put that in a document and make it a long sort of monologue, because that is actually what they write. That is what they're writing. You got to start from what you're actually saying and what you're actually writing, not this imaginary idea of what writing is.Michael Jamin:Right, right, right. That's exactly right. So there's this thought of what writing should be and what writing, how get, I guess, how did you get over that, especially when you were writing your favorite authors were the greats. How did you find the confidence to have your own voice, I guess?Sheila Heti:Well, when I was young, when I was a teenager, I read all the Paris Review interviews, and I just got the sense like, oh, there's no way to do it no one way. Everyone has their own way. Faulkner has his way, and Dorothy Parker has her way, and John au has his way, and there's just no consensus. And so you just have to figure out your own way. That's what they all did. I just sort of saw that's what each one of them had done.Michael Jamin:See, that's where I struggled with, and you're getting my therapist now and my creative writing teacher when I was starting to write this book. Because as a TV writer, my job is not to have a voice. My job is to emulate the voice of the show or the characters. And I'm a copy. I'm a mimic. That's what I do. And that's what I've been doing for 27 years. And then to write, this was an experiment to me. What would it be like to write just whatever I want to write with no notes, no one telling me what to do. And it was very scary in the beginning. And it was very, I loved David Sari. How can I do him? And so I wrote a couple of pieces. I studied him, I read all, I've studied books over and over again. He was so entertaining. He writes so beautifully. And I read it over and over again, and I wrote my first pieces, almost like I was doing him. And I felt, oh, this is good. And then I let it sit for a couple of weeks, and then I read it with fresh eyes. And this is terrible. It sounds like someone pretending to be him is terrible.Sheila Heti:Yeah, yeah. But that's a stage that you still probably learned a bunch by doing that, maybe about structure or about something.Michael Jamin:No, not that I learned that I felt like I was a pretender, but my thought was, well, he's doing it. He's successful. I write and now I perform my pieces as well, which is what, and I tore a little bit, and I thought, well, if it works for him, why reinvent the wheels? He's obviously got a market. And then I realized I had to come to the conclusion that it was almost heartbreaking. I can never write like him. I can't, no matter much. I want to, it'll never happen. And then I had to let go of that, and then had to come to the more, even a larger, heartbreaking realization was like, oh, I have to write me. And who the hell is that?Sheila Heti:And how did you find it?Michael Jamin:It was a lot of just drafts after draft. And then the problem, and this is something else, but I find some of the earlier pieces are very different from the later pieces. And I've tempted to go back and change the earlier ones. But like you're saying, I'm also tempted. I feel like I can't, can't, it's time to let 'em go.Sheila Heti:Right. That was that person.Michael Jamin:But it's all in the same book, and it felt like, well, should there be any kind of, is that okay? Is it okay to feel like each one's a little different from the other? I don't know.Sheila Heti:Yeah. I don't know. I mean, are the early ones still good, even if they're different?Michael Jamin:Yeah, I think they're good. I'm not sure if anyone else would notice except for me, but I noticedSheila Heti:Maybe not. Yeah, probably. Yeah. And I think it's okay if they're a little different from each other.Michael Jamin:Yeah. I don't, well, we'll find out. But that was very difficult for me to figure out how to, and I turned a lot to, and I wonder if you do this, you kind of answered a little bit. I didn't want to turn to other writers. I turned to musicians to music. Do you do that asSheila Heti:Well? Which musicians?Michael Jamin:It was turning to musicians to find out what is art? What am I supposed to be doing here? Yeah.Sheila Heti:I always look to painters for that.Michael Jamin:So painter, is it contemporary painters orSheila Heti:Contemporary or not contemporary?Michael Jamin:And how do you pull, what are you looking for them? Yeah. When you look at a painting, how does that help you?Sheila Heti:Well, how does it help you to look at musicians?Michael Jamin:Well, there's two things with music, and I feel like music is too, they're telling us, they get to tell a story with lyrics and with music. So if you didn't hear the lyrics, maybe you'd still get the sentiment of it. And so I feel like they have two tools where we only have one because they can set a mood just for the tune. And so I looked to them for the intimacy in their bravery. You'd look, okay, Stevie Nicks, she's singing about herself. That's all she's doing. And okay, you can do that. It just felt so vulnerable to be doing this.Sheila Heti:Yeah.Michael Jamin:And that's why I'm shocked that you're so brave about it.Sheila Heti:I mean, it's the only job is to not care about yourself in relation to it, that the book matters. And you don't matter.Michael Jamin:Right. That's your job is to put the art first. Right.Sheila Heti:To not do things because worried about what people will think of you. That's the first. And I guess when I was younger, I was reading so many avant-garde writers that did that in such flamboyant ways. It just seemed to me the only Henry Miller, it just seemed to me maybe the first lesson, not even a conscious lesson, just like, oh, clearly he's not worried about what people are going to think of him or his reputation among decent people.Michael Jamin:Yeah. Right. And so you don't have that, obviously, you don't have that worry.Sheila Heti:No, but I don't know. A lot of decent people.Michael Jamin:Yes, you do. But yeah, I don't know. Again, it's what makes you, I don't know, such a fantastic writer. I mean, I want everyone to read your work because it's really fantastic. I have some questions here that I have to ask from. So my daughter, Lola, I tell her she's a way better writer than I was at her age. But the truth is, she may be a better writer than I'm now, but I don't tell her that part. But she has these questions. She put down some questions like, damn, you've got some good questions. So I can't take credit. I can't take credit for this question. GiveSheila Heti:Me Lowes questions.Michael Jamin:Okay. First of all, she says, what are your dreams for your writing, and how do you let them go while also keeping them alive? Oops. I dropped a rock.Sheila Heti:My dreams. You dropped a rock.Michael Jamin:Yeah, I dropped. I have magic crystals by my computer that are supposed to make my work better.Sheila Heti:Oh, what kind of rock is that?Michael Jamin:It came out of my head. You want some? Yeah. I don't know. They're magic, but they're on my computer. So what are your dreams for your writing, and how do you let them go while also keeping them alive? And I guess what she means is, I guess, ambitions at the age You were talking about that young age.Sheila Heti:Young. Yeah. How old is she? 20.Michael Jamin:Yeah.Sheila Heti:When I was 20, my dream was to be the best living writer, just to be the best novelist, just to work harder than any other writer alive. That's what I was thinking. ItMichael Jamin:Was work harder.Sheila Heti:I was like, I got to work harder than any other writer alive.Michael Jamin:That's what I was. And what did that work look like to you?Sheila Heti:Just always writing and always not being satisfied, and being a real critic of my work and trying to make it better, and trying to try to get it to sound more interesting and figure out what my sentences were, and letting myself be bad and repeat myself until I got better. And I don't think that I ever let that go. I am not sitting here today saying, I work harder than any other writer alive. But I do remember having that feeling when I was young. That's what I need to do. That's the only way it's going to work.Michael Jamin:Yeah. That importance. Yeah, becauseSheila Heti:It's just so hard. It's just so hard to write. Well, to write anything good for people.Michael Jamin:I think you give the perfect answer on that. I'll give her another theSheila Heti:Parental answer. In any case, work hard.Michael Jamin:Work hard. Well, but it was really,Sheila Heti:It's true. I think it's true that, and I remember being her age and interviewing this older Canadian writer, Barbara Gowdy, who I really loved, and she told me, and she's terrific. She told me, I was writing for the student newspaper, and she said, it's funny, I've got my students who have talent, clear talent, and then I've got these other students who don't seem to have so much talent, but the ones who don't so much talent work really hard, and they end up doing better than the ones that have talent. And I thought, oh, I never even would've known that. I would've thought that. I didn't know that hard work meant could mean more than talent. So hopefully you have talent, and then you can also make the choice to talentMichael Jamin:Work. And you learned this at a young age, you're saying thisSheila Heti:Part? I mean, my mother was also just very strict about working hardMichael Jamin:Right.Sheila Heti:Studies and stuff.Michael Jamin:Interesting. Yeah. She's a delian mom. Hungarian.Sheila Heti:Yeah.Michael Jamin:Do you speak any Hungarian?Sheila Heti:No. Do you? No.Michael Jamin:No, I don't. But I do know there's a Hungarian expression that really helped me. I'll tell you what it is. So do you speak any other languages?Sheila Heti:No,Michael Jamin:No, no. That's your next task. I wrote about this in one of my stories as well. There's a Hungarian expression where it says, okay, so let me take it back. So I learned to speak Spanish as a teenager and then Italian as an adult. So each time when you learn a new language that you're not born into, there's that moment where it's like it's really hard to talk. It takes months and months, and then finally one day you open your mouth and the words just come out without thinking just like that magic. And it's turning on a light bulb. And I've had a hard time explaining to people what that feels like. But then I discovered a Hungarian expression, which said it perfectly. It says, when you learn a little language, you gain a new soul. And I thought, that's exactly what it feels like, because you're talking, you're like, who is this? I don't speak this language. Who am I? That's incredible. And you talk about soul so much in your work. I thought maybe that's something you had experienced.Sheila Heti:I never got that far. I mean, I studied French and I never got close to a new soul. I didn't have always translation.Michael Jamin:You're always translating in your head,Sheila Heti:Right? Yeah.Michael Jamin:It's just that moment, like, I don't know who I am. And then you find yourself reacting differently. And also using, if I find myself, I can't say, I don't know how to say this, so I'll say it this way, which is not how I

Yakka, Gremlin and Pigpen look back on 2023 and forward to 2024! They also sift through a heavy mailbag in this episode...

Jen was joined by RTE Entertainment journalist Alan Corr to talk about art that, over time, became controversial and was changed!

It's Clint Eastwood hour again as Mita and Nadeem watch the best picture winner from 2004, "Million Dollar Baby." Retrospectively, it's clear "The Office" really liked Hilary Swank. 

We love music on #theopentabspodcast anyway you choose it! But we really love the genre of Yacht Rock! Retrospectively named in 2005, it's a sub genre of soft rock that gives you that feeling of sailing off of the Catalina Coast after the old Catalina Wine Mixer. Maybe you have a special someone with you, maybe you have a bottle of Malbec and a Chacuterie board. You decide, but what you must have is the right music! Well we discuss what the right music is, who the right artists are and we even did you the solid of creating a spotify playlist to go with this episode! It's our season 4 premier episode in earnest and we can't wait to bring you our line up! In the meantime listen to or watch this episode. Like and subscribe. Recommend it to a fellow music lover, but don't tell us what we "forgot" because while we may have left it off we forgot NOTHING! Season 4! Open Tabs!

When challenges arise it's been noticed that two contrasting team types emerge, resilient teams and brittle teams.Resilient teams have each others' backs. They see adversity as an opportunity to improve: to learn, grow and create better preparedness for future set-backs. As teams grapple with increasing complexity and competition, resilient teams are much better placed to not just survive, but to thrive.So how are resilient teams likely to review the year? The more resilient teams don't just do this informally. They stake a structured approach to review how they did so that they can augment their capacity to move forward stronger and more resilient.

Jeff Fenech joined us after he was awarded his fourth World Title retrospectively with the World Boxing Counsel overturning the 1991 Azumah Nelson decision Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Do you think we should charge teachers retrospectively for abusive and violent behaviour? Cont See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Do you think we should charge teachers retrospectively for abusive and violent behaviour? Cont See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Do you think we should charge teachers retrospectively for abusive and violent behaviour? See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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No office experience? No problem! Hey there, listeners! Welcome back to another episode of Leaving the Nest. I'm your host, Kathleen Pellegrino from ROCS Grad Staffing. Our mission is to help you find a job out of college and thrive in the real world. I am joined today by a colleague and a friend. Her name is Darcy Grogan and she's been a member of our team since 2019. She has worked her way up from Associate Recruiter all the way up to an Account Manager. This is so awesome to see because I love seeing longevity in someone's career, and I love seeing others develop and grow and create their own story here at ROCS. And that's why I invited Darcy to join me on the podcast today. I wanted her to share her story with all of you because I believe it's a really important one. Before she started with us, Darcy didn't have any office experience. She graduated from Longwood University and then worked as a Restaurant Manager for a few years, so you can imagine some of the challenges she must have faced during her job search. And so if you're a job seeker that's in the same boat as Darcy, I'm sure you'll find her advice and experience very insightful and eye-opening. But if you're an employer listening to this podcast, I believe it's important to remember that sometimes when you're working with entry-level candidates, you should give them a shot based on just their potential alone. You might find that is how you can find some of the best people. Enjoy! In This Episode:[01:49] - An introduction to today's guest, Darcy Grogan. [03:03] - What brought Darcy to Longwood University? [05:15] - Darcy changed her career path halfway through college. [06:55] - How Darcy was able to balance her work life, social life, and collegiate life while at Longwood. [09:10] - Darcy explains her hiring and orientation at Cooper's Hawk after graduation. [11:53] - We hear about the orientation and training process Darcy went through for Cooper's Hawk. [13:55] - The path from server to floor supervisor to restaurant manager. [16:38] - What motivated Darcy to work her way up? [18:08] - Who gave Darcy a hard time for working in the foodservice industry after she graduated college? [19:52] - The greatest lessons Darcy learned from working at Cooper's Hawk. [21:45] - Darcy reveals how she felt leaving her work family. [24:06] - Does Darcy still keep in touch with her old team? [26:03] - We learn how Darcy's job search went and what she was looking for in her next career. [28:02] - The biggest setback for Darcy was knowing where to start. [29:05] - What Darcy remembers about her interview with Kathleen at ROCS Grad Staffing. [29:51] - Moving from the restaurant industry into an office workplace was a culture shock for Darcy. [32:32] - Here's what Darcy missed when leaving Cooper's Hawk? [34:04] - How did Darcy handle the transition to working from home because of the 2020 COVID-19 lockdowns? [35:49] - Darcy's growth at ROCS Grad Staffing. [38:39] - Retrospectively, Darcy isn't sure she would have known her career path would lead her to where she is today. [39:52] - We find out Darcy's favorite memories working at ROCS so far. [41:19] - Kathleen shares her favorite memories working at ROCS also. [42:05] - Darcy gives her biggest piece of advice for people following in her footsteps. [44:26] - This is how Darcy believes candidates without office experience can stand out in their next job interview. [46:38] - How we can contact Darcy. Resources: ROCS Grad Staffing Connect with Kathleen: kathleen@rocsjobs.com LinkedIn Call: 703-579-6677 Connect with Darcy: darcy@rocsjobs.com LinkedIn

Today, I will talk about the case of Punjab State Cooperative Agricultural Development Bank Ltd. v. Registrar, Cooperative Societies and Others, 2022 SCC OnLine SC 28, wherein the Hon'ble Supreme Court discussed the concept of vested or accrued rights of an employee and “whether such vested or accrued rights can be divested with retrospective effect by the rule making authority.”To know more about the present post, please visit https://www.desikanoon.co.in/2022/01/what-are-vested-rights-and-can-such.htmlTelegram: https://t.me/Legal_Talks_by_DesiKanoonYouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMmVCFV7-Kfo_6S42kPhz2wApple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/legal-talks-by-desikanoon/id1510617120Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3KdnziPc4I73VfEcFJa59X?si=vYgrOEraQD-NjcoXA2a7Lg&dl_branch=1&nd=1Google Podcasts: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS84ZTZTcGREcw?sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiuz4ifzpLxAhVklGMGHb4HAdwQ9sEGegQIARADAmazon Music: https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/4b89fb71-1836-414e-86f6-1116324dd7bc/Legal-Talks-by-Desikanoon Please subscribe and follow us on YouTube, Instagram, iTunes, Twitter, LinkedIn, Discord, Telegram and Facebook. Credits: Music by Wataboi from Pixabay Thank you for listening!

Studying and living in a beautiful place with friends from all around the world is not something everyone gets to experience. In this episode, Clayton Kramp (‘15) and Alaina Headrick (‘15) reminisce about their time at Cranbrook Schools. They reflect on the arts, the grounds, and the magical experiences they shared with each other and their friends. Hear about what makes the school and its community so special, and how their time there taught them to appreciate life and those around them.About the Guests:Clayton Kramp is a Software Engineer & AAPI ERG Leader at Maxar. His work centers on helping track satellite imagery over Tanzania, checking the rainforest, and he is currently using his technical and programming skills in helping the environment. He recently joined as a leader in the AAPI (Asian American and Pacific Islander) community in their company. Clayton received his M.S. in Computer Science and B.S. in Computational and Applied Mathematics from Colorado School of Mines. Alaina Headrick is a Biomedical Engineer at Bio-rad. She's keen on seeking to combine her passion for biology, innovation, and collaboration to promote wellness and serve her community. She's particularly interested in Systems Engineering, focusing on the interfaces between departments and technologies and understanding how to tailor systems and testing protocols to meet product design requirements for the health and wellness industry.Reach Them At:Clayton on LinkedIn and IGJoin Clayton's Class in UdemyAlaina on LinkedIn and IGSelected Quotes:Remembering the Extraordinary Gardens and Learning About NatureAlaina [00:03:08]: I remember walking around the grounds in the first grade. Just being blown away like this little kid on this giant campus, with all the art and everything, and all the flowers. I still love flowers, gardens, and things like that. So I remember the sunken garden by the Cranbrook House. It was just like a magical place to me in my mind at that time… Even the bog garden by the Cranbrook House with all the turtles and frogs. I remember going there with my classes and learning about all different species while looking at those ponds and things like that. It was just, a really cool place to learn about the world, with all this nature, and everything around you. So, that's great. A very good place to be a little kid, too.The English Program at Cranbrook Clayton [00:04:42] The English program at Cranbrook was the most brutal thing I ever experienced. It was so hard and every essay I wrote got destroyed to pieces, and you know, red everywhere. At the time, I was very unappreciative… Retrospectively thinking about it, it was probably everything I needed. In terms of getting up to speed, and really learning how to write good essays and things like that. That was a great way to kick-start and prep myself for everything else.Magical Performances Alaina [00:06:22] We worked so hard, but it was so fun. It was a close-knit group of people. Our concerts felt like a magical experience. You know, we were able to perform in Christ Church, which has incredible acoustics. And Paige Hall and the Cranbrook dining hall, just being able to be in such amazing spaces, creating art that we all really, really worked hard on. I remember we sang this piece, Dark Night of the Soul, and we sang it with the men's choir, the women's choir, and also a smaller chamber orchestra in Christ Church. It was a 45-minute piece. That was my first time ever doing a piece with the orchestra. It was so powerful. I remember people were crying during it, people stood up. It just was incredible to create something like that and do it with such a group of people that I loved, in a beautiful space. That led me to keep doing that kind of stuff. I was in a symphony chorus in college and then still am now.Finding Community at CranbrookClayton [00:09: 53]: So growing up, I spent a year in a school or, maybe as short as three months, or as long as three years. And, I was always the new student in all of these different schools that I went to. It was always difficult to make real, lasting bonds and friendships, in the sense that I was always new. It was difficult to have long-lasting relationships ‘cause I was only there for a few years. Where Cranbrook was different for me was that it was the first school that I spent four years in, which is very long in my experience. And I was not the only new student. All the boarders were completely new to the school. So, we were able to make this new bond altogether, kind of starting fresh.Advice to Current Students: Cherish and Relish Your Time at CranbrookAlaina [00:20:05]: I think just remembering what a masterpiece you're going to every day. You, literally, as a student there, you're going to one of the most renowned art pieces in the world. Being able to separate yourself from all the stress and all the anxiety of getting into college and all the tasks and everything like that. Just sit and be grateful and appreciate this beautiful world that you're in.

Guardians of the Galaxy. Join Matthew Rushing and John Mills on their journey through the MCU and this week we continue on in Phase Two with our first venture into space with the Guardians of the Galaxy. Chapters In the Theater (00:02:47) Retrospectively (00:05:22) A Tone Shift (00:10:18) Chris Pratt (00:15:52) Rest of the Cast (00:21:11) What Thanos is After (00:30:28) Could be Done Better (00:32:49) Score and Soundtrack (00:42:28) Rating (00:53:08) Rankings (00:56:52) Hosts Matthew Rushing and John Mills Production Matthew Rushing (Editor and Producer) C Bryan Jones (Executive Producer) John Mills (Producer) Social Twitter: @The602Club Instagram: @the602clubtfm

Guardians of the Galaxy. Join Matthew Rushing and John Mills on their journey through the MCU and this week we continue on in Phase Two with our first venture into space with the Guardians of the Galaxy. Chapters In the Theater (00:02:47) Retrospectively (00:05:22) A Tone Shift (00:10:18) Chris Pratt (00:15:52) Rest of the Cast (00:21:11) What Thanos is After (00:30:28) Could be Done Better (00:32:49) Score and Soundtrack (00:42:28) Rating (00:53:08) Rankings (00:56:52) Hosts Matthew Rushing and John Mills Production Matthew Rushing (Editor and Producer) C Bryan Jones (Executive Producer) John Mills (Producer) Social Twitter: @The602Club Instagram: @the602clubtfm

Leeds' furious and funky post-punk innovators The Gang of Four make an indelible, unforgettable visit to London, Ontario's Wonderland Gardens, four months after the chaotic Iggy Pop gig at the same venue. Euphoria ensues. I had been listening to the band incessantly during that 1980-83 corridor and was thrilled they were coming.  This March 1983 concert was not only my first ticketed gig of a musically busy year, it also marks the start of a new and welcome chapter in my life as well.  This podcast recalls the concert but also reflects on key changes in my social life at this time as I began my 20s and finally found my local co-conspirators. Special Guest Phil Robinson, who I met at this time, returns to share his memories of the gig and the party after. Phil and I also reminisce about first meeting each other and our favourite live music haunts (Fryfogle's, The Vic, The Embassy), dance clubs (Notes on Monday Nights, Studio 812), and drinking dens (Singapore's, The Brunswick, The Richmond) that we and our friends frequented circa 1983-4 in London, Ontario. Phil's cat Oliver also makes an angry and verbal guest appearance. Tune in for intensity and celebration, a lipstick covered forehead, and finding your own tribe. That and standing next to Catherine O'Hara and Kate McGarrigle in bars. You can read the original blog entry at the mylifeinconcert.com blog.   Next on Stage: The next concert crystalizes a moment in time, representing a changing of the guards in the alternative music world, when The Beat—or The English Beat as they were called on this side of the pond—come to Alumni Hall in London, Ontario with a new, unknown American band called R.E.M. in tow as the opening act.   The show took place as The Beat were in the last throes of their career but also peaking in popularity in North America.  Meanwhile, R.E.M. released their classic debut LP, “Murmur,” during that same week. Retrospectively, it marks the sundown of one era and the sunrise of the next. Returning Special Guest Phil Robinson has a lot of great memories from the night which he shares. Tune in next time for stage invasions, a cultural shift, and wondering what the hell I was thinking.  (EP 22, no. 16) The (English) Beat with R.E.M.: End of the Party, Alumni Hall, UWO, London, Ontario, Canada, Tuesday April 12, 1983 mylifeinconcert.com

The S&P/ASX200 closed up Tuesday, gaining 12 points or 0.2% to 7,437 after tailwinds drove the market higher on light trading volumes. Wall Street ended mixed, the NASDAQ lower. Oil hit six-week highs and iron ore ten-month lows. That scenario largely played here in the morning session as tech stocks tanked, and the energy names collected. RBA Governor Phillip Lowe spoke at lunchtime, on "Delta, the Economy and Monetary Policy", but really about how rates won't rise until 2024. From there the market picked up, the Real Estate sector coming home with a wet sail, Scentre Group (SCG) climbing 3.2%. The top performers today were Beach Energy (BPT) and Chalice Mining (CHN) up 7.5% and 6.55% respectively. Retrospectively, Brambles (BXB) perhaps should not have given any guidance today, at a time when no one else is, down 8.8%.Our top three VODs:An update on Heath's "high risk" uranium stock callsYour guide to investable Australian semiconductor companies: KennisMathan is hitting the gym, having a drink and not doing his banking in this buy hold sell See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

What Hayden brings to the podcast, is a beacon of light that can support others to make the switch before falling into the trap that many don't recognize until it is too late.   Many of my guests talk about Life Transitions which sadly come about due to serious illness or unforeseen circumstances. I often describe this as the Curve Ball because it appears to come at us unseen and out of the blue. Retrospectively most recognize the signs that led up to this momentous event, and that ignoring the warnings is what caused it. Hayden is different. He had the wisdom and the tools to turn his life in a direction that supported his well-being before it was too late. What's more, he also uses his positive outlook to support others in making the switch in their lives.     Full Text for this post along with Hayden's website and social links are all available at: www.lifepassionandbusiness.com/hayden-humphrey-drop-the-script   If you are interested in working with Hayden, he runs a quarterly eight week program entitled ‘Unscript Your LIfe'. He is also offering a downloadable quiz to discover how scripted your life is.  Links to both of these are included on our website via the above link.     Life Passion & Business is dedicated to exploring what it takes to be Extraordinary, to face challenges and rejoice in the opportunities they bring, and expand our vision into new ways of thinking and living. There is a lot to gain from listening to other people's stories, however the real work begins by taking action in your own life. For full details of Events, Resources and Services visit: www.lifepassionandbusiness.com     Support For Podcasters: Running a podcast is fun, but it takes time and dedication. Whenever you enjoy a podcast please share your appreciation with comments, likes, shares and reviews. It helps other listeners find good content and supports the content creators and their guests. Another way you can support the Life Passion & Business podcast is with small donations: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/lifeandpassion  

After a successful first twenty episodes James and dKiff decide to revisit the films they've already reviewed and check if the scores they gave at the time still hold true with how they now feel about them. Retrospectively retconning scores both up and down as they go! This episode also sees the first entrants to the Field Of Screens Hall Of Fame! GET IN TOUCH Email: fieldofscreenspod@gmail.com Twitter: @fos_pod

TRIGGER WARNING: The content of this discussion is sensitive and may have a trigger effect for you.  Topics discussed: pregnancy loss miscarriage abortion grief rape post-traumatic stress forced medical and community interventions historical societal interactions around sex education and baby loss Please take a moment to consider opting out if you think this topic may negatively affect you. Click HERE for Accessible Transcript In this episode, Caroline Lloyd, a PhD candidate in her final year at Trinity College Dublin, joins me to discuss her research on adolescent development and the impact that baby loss has on young women across their lifespan.  Her previous employment background was in corporate business environments, counseling,and she has significant experience as a volunteer, particularly with cancer and bereavement charities.  As a bereavement counsellor and facilitator of bereavement support groups, Caroline saw a real dearth of information on baby losses, miscarriage, stillbirth and neonatal losses and the level of affect it has on women across their life span which is what inspired her research. We talk about how her research evolved from just looking at the emotional response to baby loss and grief, to the socio-historical and cultural factors of how others interacted with women after their loss.  Retrospectively, how were they treated by their parents, medical professionals, other students, and teachers. The blaming, shaming and the lack of agency and voice adolescent girls have. Caroline also discusses the effectiveness (or lack thereof) of sex education as formal part of learning in school and the lack of counseling or mental health care available for these young women.   We discuss post-traumatic growth after experiences such as this, why sensitivity matters in these situations, the way someone is treated, and how words spoken can impact how girls think about themselves throughout their life.  Caroline discusses productive equality, how boys and girls are socialized, and the way that society treats boys and girls differently when it comes to sex and reproductive education.  We discuss the importance of continued research and how crucial it is to get findings like hers out to educate wider society because knowledge is power.  While great strides have been made in sex education, proper education is important for educators, medical doctors, political figures and governmental bodies on enacting proper sex education that is not shame based or ambiguous.  We question who is teaching sex education and consent, how are they teaching it, and what messages are going out to children? Sex education should not come from friends and porn.  Sex and reproductive education needs to be presented with competence, frankness, honesty, and without shame or sex shaming. You can find Caroline's book on Amazon and all booksellers online. Grief Demystified: An Introduction by Caroline Lloyd https://www.amazon.co.uk/Demystified-Caroline-Lloyd-Foreword-Jennifer/dp/1785923137/ref=nodl_ Her book has a whole section at the end signposting to reputable organisations globally. Caroline's Website: www.carolinelloyd.co.uk Caroline's Twitter: @CLloydTCD 

This video can be seen at: https://www.piworld.co.uk/2021/04/16/a-piworld-interview-rosemary-banyard-launching-a-fund-during-covid19/ Rosemary launched the VT Downing Unique Opportunities Fund on 23rd March 2020, just days from the nadir of the market crash. Here, she discusses launching a fund when there is 'blood on the streets'. She outlines some of her investing criteria including intrinsic valuation and Return on Equity, with a disregard to PEs. Where she finds ideas. Then, she goes on to discuss a few of the holdings. A very informative interview. 00:40 Rosemary's background 02:36 What inspired the Downing VT Downing Unique Opportunities Fund? 04:47 How's it performed in its first year? 05:53 How did it feel to launch a fund in the nadir of the market crash? 08:45 Retrospectively what would you have done differently? Have you sold anything? 12:00 Investment criteria. Intrinsic value, versus other metrics and qualitative factors. 18:50 Valuations and PE 22:23 Why would you sell? 25:23 What is the ideal number of holdings and percentage weighting? 29:10 Of your holdings do you think is the most undervalued: Elementis #ELM 32:40 Which of your holdings is the most risky? James Fisher #FSJ 35:10 Which of your holdings is a buy and forget? Impax Asset Management #IPX 36:17 Where do you get your ideas from? 39:57 Does liquidity limit positions you can get into? 42:40 Outlook for the market Rosemary Banyard began her career with James Capel & Co where she was a senior investment analyst for 12 years before becoming a fund manager at AIB Govett. She rose to prominence and developed a reputation as one of the leading female fund managers in the UK after she joined Schroders in 1997. For almost 20 years she was known for running the acclaimed Schroder UK Smaller Companies Fund with Andy Brough, and was for many years lead manager of the award-winning Schroder Mid Cap Fund PLC as well as heading up several other segregated UK equity mandates, managing total assets of c £1 billion. In 2016 she joined Sanford DeLand to launch and manage the Free Spirit Fund. The Schroder UK Mid Cap trust returned 17% pa while she was manger and in her two and a half years managing money at Sanford DeLand the Free Spirit Fund returned 31% placing it in the top decile of the IA UK All Companies sector. She joined Downing in March 2020 to launch the VT Downing Unique Opportunities Fund.      

Today, I am blessed to have here with me Cynthia Thurlow. Cynthia is a globally recognized expert in nutrition and intermittent fasting, highly sought-after speaker, and the CEO and founder of Everyday Wellness Project. She's been a nurse practitioner for 20+ years, and is a two-time TEDx speaker. Her viral TEDx Talk: Intermittent Fasting: Transformative Technique has been viewed nearly 5.5 million times in less than 9 months. She has been featured on ABC, FOX5, KTLA, CW and in Medium and Entrepreneur. She's also the host of Everyday Wellness podcast, which was listed as "20 Podcasts That Will Help You Grow in 2020" by Entrepreneur magazine.In this episode, Cynthia dives deep into her viral TEDx Talk. She speaks about what it was like to prep for her speeches and how her hospital experience fueled her drive even more. Then, we talk about why Cynthia ended up leaving clinical medicine; she had been feeling very disillusioned with the practice for a long time. Fortunately, Cynthia landed on her feet, and she loves being an entrepreneur and teaching people about nutrition and intermittent fasting. Tune in as we chat about sex, healthy foods, and the life lessons we should teach our children.[04:00] What It's Like To Actually Give An Unforgettable TEDx TalkFor Cynthia’s first TEDx Talk, her most significant concern was if she could pull off memorizing 15 to 20 minutes of a speech. During the event, her goal was to be the best speaker.After the first experience, Cynthia felt completely confident that she could pull off another TEDx Talk. A month before the second TEDx Talk, Cynthia was sent off for an emergency CAT scan which revealed that her appendix had ruptured. Unfortunately, the entire length of her colon was inflamed, which explained why she was in so much pain.Next, the surgeon came in, and the first thing she said was, “if I take you to surgery tonight, you'll lose your colon.” Cynthia was in a panic – she didn’t want to lose her colon. However, Cynthia wasn’t getting any better. She had lost fifteen pounds in five days.When they did the second CAT scan, they realized that she developed abscesses in her abdomen.27 days after Cynthia left the hospital, she did the talk on intermittent fasting. Ten days later, Cynthia had her appendix out. [12:25] Writing A Speech And Committing It To Memory For TEDxCynthia knew that she needed a solid two weeks to write a speech and commit to memory. She only had twelve minutes – it was a challenge because when you get up in front of a live audience, your cadence generally slows down. Once you find your stride, you relax, and you might draw things out a little longer.So, midway through her talk, Cynthia realized that she didn't have enough time to get through the whole speech. Right after the TEDx Talk, Cynthia told her coach it was the worst one that she has ever done. [15:15] Becoming A Popular TEDx Talk After Almost DyingCynthia knows that mindset is everything. So, Cynthia wanted to get up there and give her talk no matter what. After, she knew she was going to be so proud of herself.Retrospectively, she has no idea how it all came together. When she watches it now, she thinks about how painful it was.Luckily, Cynthia is now in a completely different place on every level.[24:05] Ditching Doctor Days For The Untamed World Of EntrepreneurshipOn April 1, 2016, Cynthia left clinical medicine. She had been feeling very disillusioned with clinical medicine for a long time.Eventually, Cynthia realized what truly lit her up. What Cynthia enjoys doing is food and nutrition work. Plus, she loves to talk about the influence of food and nutrition on our well-being and our health.Cynthia spent the rest of 2016 navigating the journey from being a clinician to being an entrepreneur. She built a group program and was profitable fairly quickly.Plus, Cynthia started podcasting – it is an amazing opportunity to connect with people![32:10] Potential Pitfalls When Treating Symptoms Rather Than The Root CauseChronic disease management is terribly unfulfilling.Doctors forget to talk to patients about the quality of the foods they eat. Plus, many doctors tell patients that saturated fat is bad and they should be drinking these plant-based garbage seed oils.Sadly, there isn’t enough time for doctors to talk with patients about nutrition.Cynthia’s patients opened her up to the possibility that maybe there were other alternatives or other ways of thinking about things rather than these medications. Many medications have sexual side effects – what 35-year-old would want erectile dysfunction? Unfortunately, our society is increasingly metabolically unstable and obese. Men can actually aromatize testosterone to estrogen.[43:50 Taking The Power Of Your Sex Life As You Get OlderYou have to schedule a time for intimacy. Also, intimacy can represent many different things.Intimacy doesn't have to mean penetrating sex, it could be like someone's giving you a massage, or you're just cuddling with one another.You have to schedule time together.Cynthia recommends looking into Susan Bratton, a trusted sex advisor: https://susanbratton.com/.Plus, you should continue to date your spouse.Lastly, don’t be afraid to explore using new devices.[56:15] Overwhelmed In 2021? Find Balance!You have to have a partner who is supportive of your needs.For Cynthia, there's a lot of role modeling that goes on. Her kids see that she is committed to being physically active.When you're trying to find balance, then you need to acknowledge the things you don't do well and pay someone else to do them. [61:50] Foods That Promote A Healthy Heart PeppersTomatoesEggplantsSalmonMackerelTunaSardinesButterAvocadosOlive oil[65:50] Top Foods For A Developing Child SalmonTunaAvocado WalnutsMacadamia nuts Olive oilOlivesCoconut butterCoconut milk[76:20] What Cynthia Hopes Her Children Learn In SchoolCynthia hopes her children learn to think outside the box and to not be afraid to do or live differently than the way their peers do.She hopes that her boys feel confident enough in themselves that they will follow their own path without necessarily doing everything that their peers are doing.Overall, we're the only ones that are responsible for our happiness.AND MUCH MORE!Resources from this episode: As always, if you got value from today's conversation, please let us know by subscribing and sharing the show. It goes a long way in allowing us to impact more lives. Also, if you really feel called to impact the Thrive Tribe, you can leave a review for the show here.Master Your Nutrition hereFollow Jeremy on Instagram hereApply for 1 on 1 Coaching hereGet your Ultimate Shrooms hereGet your CBD here (use code COACHJEREMY)Get your Purity Coffee here (use code COACHJEREMY)Check out Cynthia’s Website: https://cynthiathurlow.com/Cynthia on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/cynthia_thurlow_/Cynthia on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CHTWellness/Cynthia on Twitter: https://twitter.com/_CynthiaThurlowCynthia on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/cynthia-thurlow-50395a9/Listen to Everyday Wellness: https://cynthiathurlow.com/podcast-1Disclaimer: This podcast is for information purposes only. Statements and views expressed on this podcast are not medical advice. This podcast including Jeremy Abramson disclaim responsibility from any possible adverse effects from the use of information contained herein. Opinions of guests are their own, and this podcast does not accept responsibility of statements made by guests. This podcast does not make any representations or warranties about guests qualifications or credibility. Individuals on this podcast may have a direct or non-direct interest in products or services referred to herein. If you think you have a medical problem, consult a licensed physician. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Following our experiences with homeschooling in 2020, Term 1 has presented a welcome return to the classroom and an opportunity to start the year afresh. It also has many parents eager to make a conscious effort to make this year count. If you are parent keen to continue supporting your child's learning from home you're in the right place Lucky for us we are joined by James Burnett who will share tips that can help. James is the CEO, co-founder of Origo Education, a father of three, and an expert how to teach primary school children mathematics at school and at home. Origo at Home a free online resource designed to help parents - with more than 20,000 have already accessed the program. We ask James questions including: What do you think is the most important tip you can give parents who are wanting to support their children's education and teach maths at home? Why do you think it's important for parents to support their children's education at home? Retrospectively, what do you see being the positives in the experiences of parents homeschooling their children during lockdown - if any? You mentioned Visual Representations are a great way to better engage students - why is that and can you tell us a little more? What do you find are the most common challenges children experience in learning maths? How can parents' best overcome those challenges whilst supporting their children's education? Collaborating and communicating is so important for everyone, especially when working in teams, but how can this help children and adults when they are learning new ideas, especially in mathematics? You talk about how important it is to help children understand the importance of mathematics and how they can apply that to real life situations. Can you tell us about this in more detail and perhaps give our parents some ideas of how they can present opportunities to teach to their children?   For James full article: https://kiddipedia.com.au/top-tips-to-support-kids-maths-study-in-2021/ For further information, visit: https://www.origoeducation.com.au/ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Retrospectively analyzing your life is a very powerful tool to determine whether you were able to enact your resolutions and are headed in the right direction.This episode is all about the past, growing up and the life-changing experiences we had along the way to where we are now. This also includes advice to our younger selves as well as what we consider good traits in parents.As with any biographical piece there certainly are some ideas that you might find helpful as well!For a little more information on what we're up to, check out our blogs:Yasin: https://veritabile.com/Elias: https://a-wandering-mind.com/Contact Us:We'd love to receive some feedback from you guys - whether it is a nice comment, an idea you want us to discuss or some useful advice, just send us a mail to inmindsight.community@gmail.com

Prof. Hector Chinoy (Manchester, UK), Dr Jesús Loarce-Martos (Madrid, Spain) and Dr James Lilleker (Manchester, UK) talk to Dr Marwan Bukhari about their recent paper. They discuss the history of myositis classification criteria, results from their study, and implications for subtyping idiopathic inflammatory myopathy in clinical practice.

Prof. Hector Chinoy (Manchester, UK), Dr Jesús Loarce-Martos (Madrid, Spain) and Dr James Lilleker (Manchester, UK) talk to Dr Marwan Bukhari about their recent paper. They discuss the history of myositis classification criteria, results from their study, and implications for subtyping idiopathic inflammatory myopathy in clinical practice.

Prof. Hector Chinoy (Manchester, UK), Dr Jesús Loarce-Martos (Madrid, Spain) and Dr James Lilleker (Manchester, UK) talk to Dr Marwan Bukhari about their recent paper. They discuss the history of myositis classification criteria, results from their study, and implications for subtyping idiopathic inflammatory myopathy in clinical practice.

Full Text of ReadingsMonday of the Fifth Week in Ordinary Time Lectionary: 329All podcast readings are produced by the USCCB and are from the Catholic Lectionary, based on the New American Bible and approved for use in the United States _______________________________________The Saint of the day is St. Josephine BakhitaOn February 8, the Church commemorates the life of St. Josephine Bakhita, a Canossian Sister who was kidnapped and sold into slavery in Sudan.Josephine Bakhita was born in 1869, in a small village in the Darfur region of Sudan. She was kidnapped while working in the fields with her family and subsequently sold into slavery. Her captors asked for her name but she was too terrified to remember so they named her Bakhita, which means fortunate in Arabic.Retrospectively, Bakhita was very fortunate, but the first years of her life do not necessarily attest to it. She was tortured by her various owners who branded her, beat and cut her.In her biography she notes one particularly terrifying moment when one of her masters cut her 114 times and poured salt in her wounds to ensure that the scars remained.I felt I was going to die any moment, especially when they rubbed me in with the salt, Bakhita wrote.She bore her suffering valiantly though she did not know Christ or the redemptive nature of suffering. She also had a certain awe for the world and its creator.Seeing the sun, the moon and the stars, I said to myself: 'Who could be the Master of these beautiful things?' And I felt a great desire to see Him, to know Him and to pay Him homage.After being sold a total of five times, Bakhita was purchased by Callisto Legnani, the Italian consul in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan.Two years later, he took Bakhita to Italy to work as a nanny for his colleague, Augusto Michieli.He, in turn, sent Bakhita to accompany his daughter to a school in Venice run by the Canossian Sisters.Bakhita felt called to learn more about the Church, and was baptized with the name Josephine Margaret. In the meantime, Michieli wanted to take Josephine and his daughter back to Sudan, but Josephine refused to return.The disagreement escalated and was taken to the Italian courts where it was ruled that Josephine could stay in Italy because she was a free woman.Slavery was not recognized in Italy and it had also been illegal in Sudan since before Josephine had been born.Josephine remained in Italy and decided to enter Canossians in 1893. She made her profession in 1896 and was sent to Northern Italy, where she dedicated her life to assisting her community and teaching others to love God.She was known for her smile, gentleness and holiness.She even went on record saying, If I were to meet the slave-traders who kidnapped me and even those who tortured me, I would kneel and kiss their hands, for if that did not happen, I would not be a Christian and Religious today.St. Josephine was beatified in 1992 and canonized shortly after on October 2000 by Pope John Paul II. She is the first person to be canonized from Sudan and is the patron saint of the country. Saint of the Day Copyright CNA, Catholic News Agency

2 more rehearsal room-bound bands...

In this episode of the Sloopcast Jared and Kyle provide camp updates. Are any of the freshmen WRs creating separation from the rest? What about the QB battle between Miller and Stroud? Has the battle for right tackle been won? Sevyn Banks and Cam Brown are fighting for snaps, but who's winning?Then it's time to do the SlooPicks! Maybe the biggest question of the weekend… is Miami for real? Is Kyle Trask the future or a flash in the pan? Georgia is good, I guess? Is Notre Dame a playoff team?Then they answer your AskSloopCast questions…+What is the biggest threat to #OhioState's national championship run?+Retrospectively, how would they fix 2018?+Stadium food preferences?+Biggest item on the football bucket list?+Pork rinds or cracklings? Music:Crooked Spines (https://thecrookedspines.bandcamp.com/)How It Went (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zb1Xt9Od4Bs&list=OLAK5uy_lTQVW9QAhh36x7f_UO3qrBf_-u7X9DJAI&index=2) Master Link: https://campsite.bio/sloopcast#GoBucks, #OhioState, #BuckeyeNation, #Buckeyes

Retrospectively looking back at the difference in eager and enthusiastic lovemaking pre-baby to what happens after a baby is born, there is a significant contrast between the two.  The levels of passion in the bedroom go from one extreme to another with sleep deprivation end up being the biggest anti-aphrodisiac of all leaving you looking at your bed longing to be able to sleep undisturbed in it.  Relationship changes begin with the shift of focus to the baby.  Understandably, along with hormonal changes a women's body goes through, this can mean couples can easily lose their mojo. To help talk to us about how you can get your's back we welcome our special guest, Dr Janet Hall a parenting expert, sex coach, hypnotherapist and author of 15 books and 17 audio recordings all on this subject.    For the last 40 years, Dr Jan has regularly featured in the media, television and radio. She has also authored another 8 parenting books 54 audios/ebooks.  We ask Dr Janet questions including: What are common challenges new parents face with intimacy post birth? What is the physical reality of intimacy post-birth? If a women has had a caesarean section, why is it important she should wait until she's fully recovered to have intercourse again? Do you need a doctor to give you the all clear before reigniting your sex-life again? Are there any other hormonal changes that can make a women unresponsive? What advice do you have for couples to strengthen their intimate bond again? How can couples find new ways to express their physical affection again? What are the main considerations a new father needs for the mother of his baby in regards to the changes in her body and how it affects their intimacy. For Dr Janet's full article, please go to: https://kiddipedia.com.au/when-and-how-to-reignite-your-sex-life-after-baby-is-born/ For more information: http://www.drjanethall.com.au/ https://www.sex-therapy.com.au/ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Retrospectively uploading these reviews as podcasts, I've sometimes disputed my initial review - nothing comes close to this, inexplicably given 7.5/10. It's genuinely atrocious, a pointless and stupid film that takes the over-used trope of going to a major city and blowing up famous landmarks and makes an entire film out of it. A 3/10 awful nadir in the Marvel universe.

Espiode 18, A Strange Mastery, focuses on Thomas Wiggins, aka, Blind Tom (1849-1908). Wiggins was born blind and sold a slave with his parents to a plantation family in Georgia. From a young age Wiggins was a musical prodigy, and under the management and exploitation of his master’s family, he went on to become one of the most popular and lucrative performance acts of the 19th century. Retrospectively diagnosed as an autistic savant, Wiggins piano performances wowed audiences by his ability to imitate any music after a single listen, to play three songs at the same time, as well as by his own compositions inspired by the sounds of rain storms, sewing machines, and civil war battles. By audiences and the media, he was called an idiot and a genius, a monkey and a medium, as well as an African-American icon and an Uncle Tom. This episode looks into the lore and reality of blindness in African-American music and explores the fascinating and controversial life of a truly gifted artist, whom many call the “last American slave.” Welcome to a blind faith…

This week, the NTWIC crew talks EDM! Skrillex and Diplo proved to be a dynamic duo in their 2015 release "Jack U". Retrospectively considering this one definitely gives interesting insight into the current state of the EDM scene and its future. Kody brings updates on the current losses of the music industry under the COVID 19 epidemic. As usual, things get spicy..

In this episode, I conclude my podcast and give you my perspective on the book. I also make an intriguing announcement about reading during this global pandemic. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/fahrenheit451podcast/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/fahrenheit451podcast/support

Live from Dave & Buster's Lance and Rampage express their concern about the Covid-19 epidemic... Retrospectively the next week on 3.10.20 Rudy Golbert tested positive starting a complete shutdown of sports and ultimately Covid-19 caused a National Lockdown from Mid March into the end of April killing 35K Americans as of April 15th 2020 and perhaps ending life as we have known it...

Type 2 funMud. Up to my knees. And rain. Heavy rain. A long day trudging with a heavy rucksack, head down, shoulders hunched against the cold wind. The only good thing about today was that it would eventually end.I was trekking across the lunar highlands of Iceland towards the Hofsjökull glacier. My friend Chris and I were alone in the wilderness, carrying a month's supplies on our backs. We had endured wading icy rivers and crossing lava fields that bruised our feet, but this evening's mud was the worst. This was the last straw at the very end of a horrible day. All I wanted to do was pitch the tent, escape from the weather and go to sleep. Instead, I was stuck fast and struggling in a soup of mud, stones and boulders. I was filthy and exhausted. ‘This,' I growled to Chris, ‘is definitely Type 2 fun.'Writing this description today in my shed, I looked back at some photos from Iceland to remind me of the details. There's a picture of me, bent double in exhaustion beneath a massive pack. Retrospectively, the memory strikes me as hilarious. It was an experience I am definitely glad to have gone through, despite how furious and miserable I felt at the time. In a similar vein, I found rowing the Atlantic to be mostly a cocktail of nausea, misery, fear and boredom. And yet when the four of us gathered seven years later for a reunion in a small curry house in Cornwall, our recollections were very different. We spent the entire evening convulsed in hysterical laughter, to the bemusement of the other diners. It was one of the happiest gatherings I have ever been to. A gruelling experience had been polished by time into something precious and gleaming. The pursuit of retrospective pleasures is a recurring theme in my life: the warm glow of achievement after icy swims and hot deserts. Sensible people choose to spend their time doing things that are conventionally fun in the here and now. Eating cheese, Morris dancing, listening to the snooker on the radio – the usual stuff. These activities can be labelled as Type 1 Fun. If you smile while you're doing it, you're in the Type 1 zone.Type 2 Fun, by contrast, is not fun. You embark on the quest for Type 2 Fun when you set out to attempt things that are deliberately hard. These often involve suffering, misery, fear, foul language and repeated vows never to do something this stupid ever again. Tremendous amounts of time and effort and commitment disappear into these endeavours. This is something that you are not doing for instant gratification. It is deeper, darker – and ultimately richer and more rewarding. Anyone who has run a marathon or completed a dissertation or assembled flatpack furniture knows about Type 2 Fun. Your version of Type 2 Fun might be very different to mine – appearing on stage in your first play, hosting a street party, coaching the U9s football team…This is the world of doing something hard in the hope that at some unknown point, in an unknowable future, the endeavour will reward you with a sense of achievement, satisfaction, purpose and peace. Type 2 exploits will one day be a pleasure to recount over a poppadom and a pint. (A friendly word of caution: steer away from the pursuit of Type 3 Fun. Such activities are not fun. And they will never appear so in the future, no matter how warm the fireside reminiscences. The vows to never repeat anything so stupid hold firm even years later at last orders.)Type 2 Fun is both an investment and a speculation. And it is often at the heart of the process of trying to live more adventurously. I encourage you – I dare you – to make the effort to toss a little more Type 2 Fun into your life. In my experience, while fun is fun, the more meaningful, enduring sensations of satisfaction and reward come through gritted teeth and Type 2 Fun. Writing this book, I have found it hard to set the tone and expectations appropriately. I am trying to champion small steps – a 5km parkrun before an ultramarathon, your first blog post before demanding a juicy advance from a publisher. But I also do not want this book to be an opt-out, an excuse for settling low or embracing mediocrity. I will always applaud excellence, ambition and ridiculous persistence. Start small, yes, but once you are up and running, you ought to be willing to suffer. Stretching yourself hurts, yes. But that is how you grow.So if these pages have any whiff of elitism to them, let it be here. To champion effort and struggle and those who pour their heart into Type 2 fun, wading doggedly through the mud and storms to accomplish goals far beyond what you thought yourself capable of. Over to You: What time-consuming Type 1 Fun could you swap for something new? What Type 2 Fun activity would you like to try? When will you do this? ★ Support this podcast ★

For those of us who thought ski jumping was the wildest sport at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah, there was a surprise that had all us viewers on the edge of our seats.    Skeleton was on the official lineup, for the first time since 1948.    If you’ve never seen it before, skeleton involves plunging head-first down a steep, twisty ice track, atop a sled that’s barely more substantial than a cafeteria tray.   2002 was also the year Jon Montgomery discovered the sport of skeleton. In his early 20s at the time, the Manitoba-born Montgomery was visiting Calgary with his parents, saw a skeleton competition at Canada Olympic Park, and fell so deeply in love that he began competing himself, almost immediately. And eight years later, representing Canada on our Olympic skeleton team, he won gold, bringing awareness of this formerly little-known sport to an entire nation.    While Montgomery may have discovered his Olympic sport relatively late in life, sport is in his soul—and nearly two decades later, both he and his wife Darla Deschamps-Montgomery, a fellow skeleton racer, volunteer generously for sports-focussed charities including KidsSport and Right to Play, an international organization that works to provide opportunities for all kids to participate in sport and creative play.     Montgomery believes in pushing himself outside his comfort zone, an attribute that’s helped him succeed in widely diverse endeavours. This is his eighth year as host of The Amazing Race Canada, a role that won him a Canadian Screen Award in 2016. He’s also co-hosted The Junos with the iconic Canadian performer Jann Arden. He’s a father of two, an automotive auctioneer—and that’s not even the complete list.   Montgomery took time out of his busy schedule to speak with the Real Money Talk Podcast about his thoughts on what it takes to make it as an Olympian, how to overcome the financial hurdles, and staying motivated in life.   This Ratehub.ca podcast is brought to you by EQ Bank and the EQ Bank savings plus account   [0:00 - 3:12] Intro   [3:13 - 7:19] Money Mistakes - Apple computer repair, skating lessons, getting scammed and gouged   [7:20 - 9:06] The Jon Montgomery Story - Were you always interested in pursuing Olympics? His start as an auctioneer and in car sales and wanting to represent Canada on the world stage. You need passion.    [9:07 - 11:10] I thought it was a luge accident. I wanted to represent Canada. I saw Theo Fleury win a gold. Berating the French judge for collusion. TSN Turning Point.    [11:11 - 12:43] Are you a speed demon at heart? I wanted to try something hair brained and bananas. I went Sky Diving. I was seeking out challenges. I approached fear, pushed past it, and came to terms with it.    [12:44 - 14:39] If you fear something, you should move towards it. Yes, absolutely - wife, college, university, olympics - all were cause for pause. Overcoming inertia is incredibly difficult. To keep it moving is much easier. Gotta take the first steps. The experience in the world today, means we have to do it now, because it takes so much effort.    [14:40 - 19:10] You need money to pursue dreams. How did you fund your training and make ends meet? How did you survive? What would you tell future Olympians about funding? I’m lucky and privileged. My parents gave me a beat up car and saved for my education. I didn’t have the burden of student loans. My parents championed going to school. I wasn’t going to get a free ride. Take the risk of bestowing an education upon yourself. I had a trade that allowed me to find opportunities in sport. A bank will give you credit with an education.    [19:11 - 22:11] Debt isn’t bad, you need it to build credit. With kids of your own, will you pay for their education? You have to think about it now with RESPs. If you help people, you will get what you want. I never sold a car, I solved transportation problems. Hopefully there are scholarships. Our kids will be average and normal. Expecting otherwise is wishful thinking.    [23:12 - 26:22] What if your kids wanted to pursue the Olympics? What advice would you give about funding for Canadian Athletes? I’m opportunistic. Do it because you love it. Work towards it. Don’t do it for the glory, but because you love it. There are multiple rewards. Know your with, trying it and you’ll learn. Attitude shapes our lives. Perspective is everything. Attitude will determine success.    [26:23 - 27:09] Tyler’s friend is training his son to throw left handed to make the MLB. Let your kid have fun.    [27:10 - 31:45] Your attitude is always on display. Talk to us about your charitable initiatives Kidsport and RightToPlay. Being a part of something bigger than yourself is important. If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together. I failed to qualify for the 2014 Olympics. Sport is a right. Playing is a right. We need to be celebrated individually. That can happen in sports. Your place in society is created in structured organized sport.    [31:46 - 33:49] Sandra’s kid is able to take drama much better because of sport. School drama goes away because of being on a team. Perspective is everything. Sport is an outlet to realize life is multi faceted. It’s easier to not internalize the bad.    [33:50 - 37:39] Do you think all your experiences have helped you in your life now? Retrospectively, when you look back at everything is where you gain insights, that’s where the lessons are found. Martina and Phil from season 6 of Amazing Race Canada - out of their comfort zone - watching someone overcome adversity, you understand it much better. I revere people who push through the struggle.    [37:40 - 47:49] RAPID FIRE QUESTIONS  - What’s in your wallet? What’s your favourite book? Favourite sport to watch, play and - do you still skeleton? What are you binge watching right now? Have you seen Free Solo? What’s the biggest mistake a future Olympian can make? What does your billboard say?   [47:50 -  50:32] Financial tip for the week - You need to build an emergency fund. Here’s how.    [50:33 - 51:44] Outro

Season 1- episode 18 Beautiful Surrender: He Has My Yes Part 3: The Lifestyle of Surrendering. Chapter 17: He Is Faithful "Looking back at that summer of hesitation, I realize how silly it was not to trust God with this area of my life. Retrospectively, I have had to surrender and trust God with so much more than just my singleness. But that is what is so awesome about this lifestyle of surrendering. Every moment that we choose to surrender both the big and the small there is something deposited in us. This deposit allows us to not only endure through any circumstance but it also prepares us for the next big or small thing that we are being asked to surrender. Sometimes it's helpful in this journey with Jesus to remember the mountains from yesterday in strengthening our faith in facing the ones we have in front of us. God doesn't change, he remains good and faithful. He is constantly saying yes to us and is inviting us to reply with the same. Even when we say no he remains the same for, “He cannot deny himself.”" Thanks for listening!

Pr. Steven D. Rice

In this episode I talk about my past decade of growth and how looking retrospectively can help us through the hard days now.

Retrospectively we have no idea what was going on here.

“You have to have fear to overcome it.” Rapper, writer, producer, MVP stops by SQR podcast and drops nothing but jewels. Wise beyond his years, MVP eloquently shares his journey from birth to present. Growing up in a single parent household in Jersey City NJ, mom instilled a strong work ethic and brutal honesty, which he appreciates to this day. Listen as he shares his mom’s honesty about Santa Clause, the responsibility that comes with having that information at such a young age and its impact on others. MVP holds nothing back in this heart to heart recap of his times in high school, which he genuinely enjoyed. On the 1st day during freshman orientation he was presented with a challenge or an opportunity which he confidently stepped up to and, in an instance, made his mark on the entire freshman class. MVP shares the disadvantages of starting high school with all the attention and his lack of commitment to his grades. Retrospectively, he speaks of the importance of education and a significant shift in his perspective on good grades throughout high school. MVP recaps a passionate “A--ha” moment when the principle sat him down and she demanded him to step up to his full potential, which he did and never forget. Talented and wise, MVP separates himself from others with authenticity. Enjoy  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN2YWGURe_tTvQLiUDcuDGA www.facebook.com/sqrpodcast www.sqrpodcast.com

Retrospectively Produced this episode is focused on welcoming new listeners.  Jim & Tom talk about the evolution of the show and where we are headed in this prequel. 

Why can't we ever find gratitude in the midst of s*** hitting the fan? Why does it always have to be weeks, months or years later before we can realize, “oh yeah...that thing that I thought was awful...it was actually great for me and I'm glad that it happened.” Retrospectively finding the gratitude and the growth is a great practice, and one I think we'll continue to do. I also think there's tremendous opportunity to set some things in place to support us in real-time gratitude when stuff goes awry. So in this episode, I'm sharing a quick list of things that can help you in those moments. I'm calling them the 3 P's (super innovative I know! haha). So not just what they are, but specific examples of things within each of those areas. Can you think of a situation where you could've lost all your marbles, but instead were able to navigate yourself through it - like Neo in The Matrix dodging bullets? What did you do, and what helps you stay grateful despite life's challenges?

Paul Wang:         Welcome to the monthly podcast “On The Beat”, for Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology. I am Dr. Paul Wang, Editor-in-Chief, with some of the key highlights from this month's issue. We'll also hear from Dr. Suraj Kapa, reporting on new research from the latest journal articles in the field.                                 In our first article, Adetola Ladejobi and associates studied 1,433 patients, between 2000 and 2012, who were discharged alive after sudden cardiac arrest. A reversible and correctable cause was identified in 792 patients, or 55%. A reversible cause for sudden cardiac arrest was defined as significant electrolyte or metabolic abnormality, evidence of acute myocardial infarction or ischemia, recent initiation of antiarrhythmic drug, or illicit drug use, or other reversible circumstances.                                 Of the 792 sudden cardiac arrest survivors, due to reversible or correctable cause, 207 or 26% of the patients received an ICD after their indexed sudden cardiac arrest. During a mean follow-up of 3.8 years, 319 or 40% of patients died. ICD implantation was highly associated with a lower all-cause mortality, p < 0.001, even after correcting for unbalanced baseline characteristics.                                 In subgroup analyses, only patients with sudden cardiac arrest, were not associated with myocardial infarction, extracted benefit from the ICD, p < 0.001.                                 The authors concluded that in survivors of sudden cardiac arrest, due to a reversible and correctable cause, ICD therapies associated with lower all-cause mortality, except if the sudden cardiac arrest was due to myocardial infarction.                                 Further prospect of multi-center randomized control trials will be needed to confirm this observation.                                 In our next study, Carlo Pappone and associates, studied 81 patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, randomized to undergo high density electrophysiological mapping, to identify repetitive regular activities, before modified circumferential pulmonary vein ablation, or modified circumferential pulmonary vein ablation alone. The primary endpoint was freedom from arrhythmia recurrence at one year.                                 In the 81 patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, there were 479 regions exhibiting repetitive regular activities in these patients, or 5.9 repetitive regular activities per patient. There were 232 regions in the mapping group, which consisted of 41 patients, and 247 regions in the control group, consisting of 40 patients. Overall, 39% of the repetitive regular activities were identified within pulmonary veins, whereas 61% were identified in non-pulmonary vein regions.                                 Mapping-guided ablation resulted in higher arrhythmia termination rate, as compared to conventional strategy, 61% vs. 30%, p < 0.007. Total RF duration, mapping, and fluoroscopy times were not significantly different between the groups. No major procedure related adverse events occurred.                                 After one year, 73% of the mapping group of patients were free of recurrences, compared to 50% of the control group, p = 0.03.                                 The authors concluded that targeted ablation of regions showing repetitive regular activities provided adjunctive benefit in terms of arrhythmia freedom at one year in treatment of patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. These findings should be confirmed by additional larger randomized multi-centered studies.                                 In the next article, Maciej Kubala and associates examine repolarization abnormalities in 40 patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, comparing extent and location of abnormal T-waves of one millimeter or greater in depth, downsloping elevated ST segment in two or more adjacent leads to the area and location of endocardial bipolar and unipolar, and epicardial bipolar voltage abnormalities. They found an abnormal unipolar right ventricular endocardial area of 33.4% with presence in eight patients without negative T-waves. Patients with negative T-waves extending beyond V3, seen in 20 patients, had larger low bipolar and unipolar endocardial areas, and larger epicardial low bipolar areas, compared to those with negative T-waves limited to leads V1 to V3.                                 ECG localization of negative T-waves regionalized to the location of substrate. Patients with downsloping elevated ST segment, all localized to leads V1, V2 had more unipolar endocardial abnormalities involving outflow in mid-right ventricle, compared to patients without downsloping elevated ST segment.                                 The authors concluded that in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, abnormal electric current areas were proportional to the extent of T-wave inversion on the 12 lead electrocardiogram. Marked voltage abnormalities can exist without repolarization changes. Downsloping elevated ST segment patterns in V1 and V2 occurs with more unipolar endocardial voltage abnormalities, consistent with more advanced trans neural disease.                                 In the next manuscript, Teresa Oloriz and associates examine the timing and value of program stimulation after catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia. They performed 218 program ventricular stimulations six days after ablation in 210 consecutive patients, 48% with ischemic cardiomyopathy in the median left ventricular ejection fraction of 37%. After ablation, ICDs were programmed according to NIPS results. Class A were noninducible, Class B non documented inducible VT, and Class C documented inducible VT. Concordance between the programmed ventricular stimulation at the end of the procedure and at six days was 67%. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were higher for the programmed ventricular stimulation at day six. Ischemic patients and those with preserved ejection fraction showed the highest negative predictive value.                                 Among noninducible patients at the end of the procedure, but inducible at day six, 59 patients had VT recurrence at one year follow-up. Recurrences were 9% when both studies were noninducible. There were no inappropriate shocks, incidents of syncope with 3%, none harmful. The rate of appropriate shocks per patient per month according to NIPS was significantly reduced, comparing the month before and after the ablation.                                 The authors concluded that programmed ventricular stimulation at day six predicts VT recurrence.                                 In the next study, Tor Biering-Sørensen and associates examined ECG global electrical heterogeneity, GEH, in its longitudinal changes, are associated with cardiac structure and function, in their Atherosclerosis Risk and Community study, ARIC, consisting of 5,114 patients, 58% which were female and 22% African Americans. Using the resting 12-lead ECGs, and echocardiographic assessments of left ventricular ejection fraction, global strain, left ventricular mass index, end diastolic volume index, end systolic volume index at visit five.                                 Longitudinal analysis included ARIC participants with measured GEH at visits one to four. GEH was quantified by spatial ventricular gradient, the QRST angle, and the sum of the absolute QRST integral. Cross sectional and longitudinal regressions were adjusted for manifest subclinical cardiovascular disease.                                 Having four abnormal GEH parameters was associated with a 6.4% left ventricular ejection fraction decline, a 24.2 gram/meter square increase in left ventricular mass index, a 10.3 milliliter/meter square increase in left ventricular end diastolic volume index, and a 7.8 milliliter/meter square increase in left ventricular end systolic index. All together, clinical and ECG parameters accounted for approximately one third of the left ventricular volume in 20% of the systolic function variability.                                 The associates were significantly stronger in patients with subclinical cardiovascular disease. The QRST integral increased by 20 millivolts/meter second for each three year period participants who demonstrated left ventricular dilatation at visit five. Sudden cardiac death victims demonstrated rapid GEH worsening, while those with left ventricular dysfunction demonstrated slow GEH worsening.                                 The authors concluded that GEH is a marker of subclinical abnormalities in cardiac structure and function.                                 In the next manuscript, Takumi Yamada and associates studied 19 patients with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias, originating in the parietal band in 14 patients, in the septal band in 5 patients. Among 294 consecutive patients with right ventricular arrhythmia origins, parietal band and septal band ventricular arrhythmias exhibited a left bundle branch block, with left inferior in 12 patients', superior in 2 patients' axes, in left or right inferior axis pattern in four and one patients respectively.                                 In Lead 1, all parietal band ventricular arrhythmias exhibited R-waves, while septal band ventricular arrhythmias often exhibited S-waves. A QS pattern in lead AVR, in the presence of a knock in the mid QRS were common in all infundibular muscle ventricular arrhythmias. During infundibular muscle ventricular arrhythmias, a far-field ventricular electrogram, with an early activation, was always recorded in the His bundle region, regardless of the location of ventricular arrhythmia regions. With 9.2 radiofrequency applications in a duration of 972 seconds, catheter ablation was successful in 15 of the 19 patients. Ventricular arrhythmias recurred in four patients during a fallout period of 43 months.                                 In the next paper, Uma Mahesh Avula and associates examine the mechanisms underlying spontaneous atrial fibrillation, in an Ovine model of left atrial myocardial infarction. The left atrial myocardial infarction was created by ligating the atrial branch of the left anterior descending artery. ECG loop recorders were implanted to monitor atrial fibrillation episodes.                                 In seven sheep, Dantrolene, a Ryanodine receptor blocker, was administered in vivo, during the observation period. The left atrial myocardial infarction animals experienced numerous episodes of atrial fibrillation during the eight day monitoring period, that were suppressed by Dantrolene. Optical mapping showed spontaneous focal discharges originating through the ischemic/normal-zone border. These spontaneous focal discharges were calcium driven, rate dependent, and enhanced by isoproterenol, but suppressed by Dantrolene.                                 In addition, these spontaneous focal discharges initiated atrial fibrillation-maintaining reentrant rotors anchored by marked conduction delays at the ischemic/normal-zone border. Nitric oxide synthase one protein expression decreased in ischemic zone myocytes, or NADPA oxidase in xanthine oxidase enzyme activities in reactive oxygen species increased. Calmodulin aberrantly increased, Ryanodine binding to cardiac Ryanodine receptors in the ischemic zone. Dantrolene restored the physiologically binding of Calmodulin to the cardiac Ryanodine receptors.                                 The authors concluded that atrial ischemia causes spontaneous atrial fibrillation episodes in sheep, caused by spontaneous focal discharges that initiate re-entry. Nitroso redox imbalance in the ischemic zone is associated with intensive reactive oxygen species production, and altered the Ryanodine receptor responses to Calmodulin. Dantrolene administered normalize the Calmodulin response and prevents left atrial myocardial infarction, spontaneous focal discharges in atrial fibrillation initiation.                                 In the next study, Wouter van Everdingen and associates examine the use of QLV for achieving optimal acute hemodynamic response to CRT with a quadripolar left ventricular lead. 48 heart failure patients with left bundle branch block were studied. Mean ejection fraction 28%, mean QRS duration 176 milliseconds. Immediately after CRT implantation, invasive left ventricular pressure volume loops were recorded during biventricular pacing, with each separate electrode at four atrial ventricular delays.                                 Acute CRT response, measured as a change in stroke work compared to intrinsic conduction, was related to the intrinsic interval between the Q on the electrocardiogram and the left ventricular sensing delay, that is the QLV, normalized for the QRS duration, resulting in QLV over QRS duration in the electrode position.                                 QLV over QRS duration was 84% and variation between the four electrodes was 9%. The change in stroke work was 89% and varied by 39% between the electrodes. In univariate analysis, an anterolateral or lateral electrode position in a high QLV to QRS duration ratio had a significant association with a large change in stroke work, all P less than 0.01.                                 In a combined model, only QLV over QRS duration remained significantly associated with a change in stroke work, P less than 0.5. However, a direct relationship between QLV over QRS duration in stroke work was only seen in 24 patients, while 24 other patients had an inverse relation.                                 The authors concluded that a large variation in acute hemodynamic response indicates that the choice of stimulated electrode on the quadripolar electrode is important. Although QLV to QRS duration ratio was associated with acute hemodynamic response at a group level, it cannot be used to select the optimal electrode in the individual patient.                                 In the next study, Antonio Pani and associates conducted a multi-centered prospective study evaluating the determinance of zero-fluoroscopy ablation of supraventricular arrhythmias. They studied 430 patients with an indication for EP study and/or ablation of SVT. A procedure was defined as zero-fluoroscopy when no fluoroscopy was used. The total fluoroscopy time inversely was related to number of procedures previously performed by each operator since the study start. 289 procedures, or 67%, were zero-fluoro. Multi-variable analyses identified as predictors of zero-fluoro was the 30th procedure for each operator, as compared to procedures up to the ninth procedure, the type of arrhythmia, AVNRT having the highest probability of zero-fluoro, the operator, and the patient's age. Among operators, achievement of zero-fluoro varied from 0% to 100%, with 8 operators, or 23%, achieving zero-fluoro in 75% of their procedures. The probability of zero-fluoro increased by 2.8% as the patient's age decreased by one year. Acute procedural success was obtained in all cases.                                 The authors concluded that the use of 3D mapping completely avoided the use of fluoroscopy in most cases, with very low fluoro time in the remaining, and high safety and effectiveness profiles.                                 In the next paper, Demosthenes Katritsis and associates examine the role of slow pathway ablation from the septum as an alternative to right-sided ablation. Retrospectively, 1,342 undergoing right septal slow pathway ablation for AV nodal reentry were studied. Of these, 15 patients, 11 with typical and 4 with atypical AVNRT, had a left septal approach following unsuccessful right sided ablation, that is, the righted left group. In addition, 11 patients were subjected prospectively to a left septal only approach for slow pathway ablation, without previous right septal ablation, that is, left group. Fluoroscopy times in the right and left group, and the left groups were 30.5 minutes and 20 minutes respectively, P equals 0.6. The rate of [inaudible 00:18:24] current delivery time for comparable, 11.3 minutes and 10.0 minutes respectively.                                 There are no additional ablation lesions at other anatomical sites in either group, and no cases of AV block were encountered. Recurrence rate for arrhythmias in the right and left group was 6.7% and 0% in the left group, in the three months following ablation.                                 The authors concluded that the left septal anatomical ablation of the left inferior nodal extension is an alternative to ablation of both typical and atypical AV nodal reentry when ablation at the right posterior septum is ineffective.                                 In our next study, Mark Belkin and associates reported prior reports of new-onset device-detected atrial tachyarrhythmias. Despite the clear association between atrial fibrillation and the risk of thromboembolism, the clinical significance of new-onset device-detected atrial tachyarrhythmias and thromboembolism remains disputed.                                 The authors aim to determine the risk of thromboembolic events in these patients. Using the Ovid Medline, Cochrane, SCOPUS databases to identify 4,893 reports of randomized control trials, perspective or retrospective studies of pacemaker and defibrillator patients reporting the incidence of device detected atrial tachyarrhythmias.                                 The authors examine 28 studies, following a total of 24,984 patients. They had an average age of 69.9 years and a mean study duration of 21.8 months. New-onset device-detected atrial tachyarrhythmias was observed in 23% of patients. Among nine studies, consisting of 8,181 patients, reporting thromboembolism, the absolute incidence was 2.1%. Thromboembolic events were significantly greater among patients with new-onset device-detected arrhythmias, with a relative risk of 2.88, compared to those who had less than one minute of tachyarrhythmias, 1.77 risk ratio.                                 The authors concluded that new-onset device-detected atrial tachyarrhythmias is common, affecting close to one quarter of all patients with implanted pacemakers and defibrillators.                                 In our last paper, Sanghamitra Mohanty and associates performed a meta-analysis systematically evaluating the outcome of pulmonary vein isolation with and without thermoablation in patients with atrial fibrillation. For pulmonary vein ablation alone, only randomized trials conducted in the last three years reporting single procedure success rates, off antiarrhythmic drugs at 12 months or greater follow-up were included. In the PVI plus FIRM group, all public studies reporting a single procedure off antiarrhythmic drug success rate with at least one year follow-up were identified.                                 Meta-analytic estimates were derived, using the DerSimonian and Laird Random-effects Models, and pooled estimates of success rates. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q test and I-square. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.                                 15 trials were included, 10 with PVI plus FIRM, with 511 patients, non-randomized perspective design, and 5 pulmonary vein isolation-only trials, consisting of 295 patients, all randomized.                                 All patients in the pulmonary vein only trials had 100% non paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, except for one study, and no prior ablations. About 24% of the PVI plus FIRM patients had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.                                 After 15.9 months of follow-up, the off antiarrhythmic drug pooled success was 50% with FIRM plus PVI, compared to 58% in the PVI alone. The difference in the effect size between the groups was not statistically significant. No significant heterogeneity was observed in this meta-analysis.                                 The authors concluded that the overall pooled estimate did not show any therapeutic benefit of PVI FIRM over PVI alone.                                 That's it for this month, but keep listening. Suraj Kapa will be surfing all journals for the latest topics of interest in our field. Remember to download the podcast On The Beat. Take it away, Suraj. Suraj Kapa:          Thank you, Paul, and welcome back to “On The Beat”. Again, my name is Suraj Kapa and I'm here to review with you articles across the cardiac electrophysiology literature that were particularly hard hitting in the month of February.                                 To start, we review the area of atrial fibrillation, focusing on anticoagulation. Reviewing an article published in this past month's issue of the Journal of the American Heart Association, by Steinberg et al., entitled Frequency and Outcomes of Reduced Dose Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Anticoagulants, results from ORBIT AF II. The ORBIT AF II registry, also called the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation, is a prospective national observational registry of AF patients.                                 The author sought to describe the frequency, appropriateness, and outcomes of patients prescribed reduced doses of NOACs in the community practice. They reviewed the records of almost 8,000 patients receiving NOACs and noted that the vast majority, nearly 84%, received a standard dose of NOACs, consistent with the U.S. FDA labeling. While only 16% received a reduced dose, only 43% of these were consistent with labeling instructions. Those who received reduced dose NOACs inappropriately more often tended to be younger and have, interestingly, lower overall bleeding risks scores.                                 Furthermore, compared with those appropriately receiving dosing, patients receiving inappropriately reduced dose NOACs had a higher unadjusted rates of thromboembolic events and death.                                 These data are important to understand, in that, discussion with patients, that inappropriate reduction of NOACs does not necessarily offer appropriate protection against long-term risk of thromboembolic events. Thus, close attention must be paid to consideration of the use cases and instructions for use.                                 While the registry cannot get into the details of why the dose was reduced in the spectrum of patients, it does highlight the fact that this continues to be a problem in general practice.                                 Further data is needed to understand what leads to inappropriate dose reduction, which could include factors such as patient preference, or physician education.                                 Staying within the realm of anticoagulation and understanding individual needs, we next review an article published in this past month's issue of Circulation, by Nielsen et al., entitled Female Sex Is a Risk Modifier Rather Than a Risk Factor for Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation. Should we use a CHA2DS2-VA score rather than CHA2DS2-VASc? In this review, the authors sought to evaluate whether female sex is truly an overall risk factor, as opposed to a risk modifier.                                 Using three nationwide registries, they identified patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation between 1997 and 2015, and they calculated two sets of scores. The first score, they termed a CHA2DS2-VA score, calculated for men and women with follow-up of one year in the Danish National Patient Registry. They wanted to calculate the risk based on this pseudo-value method. They then reviewed female sex as a prognostic factor by inclusion as an interaction term on the CHA2DS2-VA score, to calculate overall thromboembolic risk.                                 Amongst over 200,000 patients with atrial fibrillation, almost half of whom are women, they noted that the mean CHA2DS2-VA score, where sex is excluded, was a tad higher in women than men, namely 2.7 vs. 2.3. However, women had an overall higher one year thromboembolic rate of 7.3 vs. 5.7 per 100 person-years. Interestingly, with a CHA2DS2-VA score of zero, the absolute risk of thromboembolism was equal amongst men and women, around .5%. Once overall points increased above one, however, women exhibited a higher stroke risk. This interaction was statistically significant.                                 Thus, the authors indicated that female sex is a risk modifier for stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, rather than a risk factor. The terminology is important to consider. Essentially, what they are noting is that at the lower risk level, female sex, in and of itself, is not something that necessarily puts somebody in the higher risk cohorts. Instead, at higher risk levels, because of other factors, a woman may have a higher overall risk of stroke than men. Thus, stroke risk is accentuated in women, who would have been eligible for oral anticoagulating treatment anyway, on the basis of a CHADS score above one.                                 These data highlight the importance of thinking about the fact that at the lower risk score level, female sex alone might not be sufficient to say that a patient has reached the CHA2DS2-VASc score of one and above. But, really, you need an overall CHA2DS2-VA score, or a risk score, inclusive of at least two other risk factors to indicate that now, being a female is going to modify the risk and further accentuate it.                                 Now, one thing to note is, these data are very consistent with the guidelines. The European guidelines indicates that female sex alone, which in the CHA2DS2-VASc score would confer a risk score of one, should not, by itself, construe the need to put somebody on anticoagulation.                                 However, it's important to highlight that these data show that at a CHA2DS2-VASc score of one in females, they should really be construed as equivalent to a CHA2DS2-VASc score of zero in men.                                 Using the CHA2DS2-VA score, where sex is excluded, but considering that women overall have a higher incidence of stroke at any given CHA2DS2-VA level above one, will help better counsel women about the importance of being on anticoagulants.                                 The next article we review relates to long-term risk related to atrial fibrillation, published in February's issue of Heart Rhythm, by Nishtala et al., entitled Atrial Fibrillation and Cognitive Decline in the Framingham Heart Study. While there's much out there about the potential long-term role of cognitive decline in atrial fibrillation patients, longitudinal research investigating the relationship is relatively sparse. Thus, the authors sought to investigate the association between atrial fibrillation and cognitive performance, cross-sectionally and longitudinally.                                 They chose patients within the Framingham study who are dementia and stroke-free at the time of baseline neuropsychological assessments. They evaluated atrial fibrillation status as a two level variable, namely prevalent atrial fibrillation vs. no atrial fibrillation in cross-sectional analyses. And they also separated into prevalent atrial fibrillation at baseline, interim development of atrial fibrillation, and those who didn't develop any atrial fibrillation in longitudinal analysis.                                 They studied 2,682 participants in the Framingham Heart study, including original and offspring cohorts. They noted that a baseline of about 4% had diagnosed atrial fibrillation. Prevalent AF was noted to be significantly associated with poorer attention. Interestingly, sex differences were noted, with men performing worse on test of abstract reasoning and executive function than women.                                 They noted that prevalent atrial fibrillation was significantly associated with the longitudinal decline in executive function, in both the original cohorts, as well as interim atrial fibrillation being significantly associated with longitudinal decline in executive function of the offspring cohorts. Thus, they noted that atrial fibrillation is associated with a profile of long-term change in cognitive function.                                 The importance of these data are to further highlight the potential contribution of atrial fibrillation to cognitive decline. While the exact mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, the question of how to get ahead of the cognitive decline associated with atrial fibrillation is further put out by these data.                                 Whether the relationship between atrial fibrillation and cognitive decline is due to recurrent thromboembolic events vs. the therapies used vs. other factors such as humid anatomic factors resulting in poor brain perfusion, are relatively unclear.                                 Certainly it is also possible that atrial fibrillation simply reflects a process associated with other factors that might lead to cognitive decline. However, again, further mechanistic studies and potential treatment interventions to mitigate the risk of cognitive decline are still needed.                                 Speaking of this, we next review a paper published in the European Heart Journal this past month, by Friberg and Rosenqvist, entitled Less Dementia with Oral Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation.                                 Speaking of treatments to avoid long-term cognitive decline, the authors sought to evaluate if oral anticoagulant treatment might offer protection against long-term dementia risk in atrial fibrillation.                                 These retrospective registry studies of patients with the hospital diagnoses of atrial fibrillation and no prior diagnosis of dementia in Sweden, including patients between 2006 and 2014. The study included a total of 444,106 patients over 1.5 million years. They noted that patients who were on anticoagulant treatment at baseline were associated with a 29% lower risk of dementia than patients without anticoagulant treatments. Thus, there is an overall 48% lower risk on treatments with the appropriate anticoagulation. There is no difference on whether Warfarin or the newer oral anticoagulants were used.                                 Thus, the authors concluded that the risk of dementia is higher without oral anticoagulant treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation, suggesting that early initiation of anticoagulant treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation could be of value to preserve long-term cognitive function.                                 This relates directly back to the previous paper, which focused more on the epidemiologic risk, while this paper focuses on elements that might construe mechanism or treatment options.                                 Many authors have concluded the incredible importance of early recognition of the need for anticoagulant initiation in patients with atrial fibrillation. While the exact mechanism of cognitive decline and dementia in atrial fibrillation remains to be completely elucidated, certainly recurrent thromboembolic events that might be relatively silent as they occur, but result in a long-term cumulative risk might be helped by placing patients on anticoagulants.                                 This becomes another reason to counsel patients on the importance of long-term anticoagulant therapy. Certainly, the limitations of these studies, however, are the retrospective nature and the fact that there might be some subtle differences that may not be otherwise able to be construed from retrospective registry data regarding the relative role of anticoagulants in truly protecting against long-term cognitive decline. However, the data are certainly provocative.                                 Continuing within realm and discussing outcomes associated atrial fibrillation, we next review an article by Leung et al., entitled The Impact of Atrial Fibrillation Clinical Subtype on Mortality, published in JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology this past month.                                 The author sought to investigate the prognostic implications of a subtype of atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal or persistent, on long-term prognosis. They sought to evaluate differences in mortality between paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation amongst 1,773 patients. They adjusted for comorbid diseases associated with atrial fibrillation, as well as CHA2DS2-VASc score. In the study, a total of about 1,005 patients or about 57% had persistent atrial fibrillation. Over the follow-up period, about 10% of those with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and 17% of those with persistent atrial fibrillation died.                                 They noted that persistent atrial fibrillation, after correcting for other comorbidities, was independently associated with worse survival. Thus, they concluded that persistent atrial fibrillation is independently associated with increased mortality in the long term.                                 These data are relevant in that they highlight that persistent atrial fibrillation in its nature might construe an overall higher risk cohort. It remains to be fully understood what are the true mechanistic differences between persistent and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Overall, however, the community grossly agrees that persistent atrial fibrillation likely suggests a higher degree of atrial myopathy. If we believe this, then it is reasonable to believe that the risk associated with this specific form of atrial fibrillation might result in higher long-term harm.                                 Of course, these data are subject to the same limitations of all retrospective data. Namely, these persistent atrial fibrillation patients might have received different therapies or been more sick to start with that cannot be construed by comorbidities alone.                                 Furthermore, these data do not necessarily get to the point of whether treating atrial fibrillation in the persistent patient more aggressively necessarily reduces the risk equivalent to that of paroxysmal patients. Thus, further understanding is needed to understand how to use these data to reduce this mortality difference.                                 Continuing within the realm of epidemiology of atrial fibrillation, we next review an article published in this past month's issue of Circulation, by Mandalenakis et al., entitled Atrial Fibrillation Burden in Young Patients with Congenital Heart Disease. It is assumed that patients with congenital heart disease are vulnerable to atrial fibrillation because of multiple factors. These include residual shunts, hemodynamic issues, atrial scars from previous heart surgery, valvulopathy and other factors.                                 However, there's limited data on the overall risk of developing atrial fibrillation and complications associated with it, especially in children and young adults with congenital heart disease. Furthermore, these children and young adults with congenital heart disease have never been compared with overall risk and control subjects.                                 The authors use the Swedish Patient and Cause of Death Registries to identify all patients with diagnoses of congenital heart disease born from 1970 to 1993. They then matched these patients with control subjects from the Total Population Register in Sweden. They noted amongst almost 22,000 patients with congenital heart disease and almost 220,000 matched control subjects that 654 patients amongst the congenital heart disease cohort developed atrial fibrillation, while only 328 amongst the larger control group developed atrial fibrillation. The mean follow-up overall was 27 years.                                 They noted the risk of developing atrial fibrillation was almost 22 times higher amongst patients with congenital heart disease than control subjects. They noted the highest risk with a hazard ratio of over 84 was noted in patients with conotruncal defects. Furthermore, at the age of 42 years, over 8% of patients with congenital heart disease had a recorded diagnosis of atrial fibrillation.                                 Interestingly, heart failure was a particularly important complication in patients with congenital heart disease and atrial fibrillation, with over 10% of patients developing atrial fibrillation and [inaudible 00:38:20] congenital heart disease developing a diagnosis of heart failure as well.                                 These data are important in that they help in counseling the importance of close follow-up of patients with congenital heart disease and their long-term risk of other complications. Even if patients might be perceivably well managed, incident atrial fibrillation might increase risk of stroke in these patients. It is further important to note that many of these patients cannot be evaluated according to traditional risk or evaluations. Thus, it is important to consider whether or not a patient should be treated with anticoagulation once they develop atrial fibrillation.                                 The high risk of overall atrial fibrillation incidents, particularly in patients with more complex congenital defects, needs to be taken into consideration when advising on the frequency of follow-up.                                 It is important to further note that we must think of this overall risk as the minimum possible risk, namely, counseling a congenital heart disease patient that up to one in ten of them may develop atrial fibrillation by the age of 42 years, is likely the minimum amount. The reason for this is many patients, due to either lack of follow-up or lack of sufficient monitoring, and the asymptomatic nature of atrial fibrillation in many patients might have not been diagnosed.                                 Implications or treatments remain to be seen, and whether or not there are methods to reduce the overall risk of atrial fibrillation is unclear. However, engaging congenital heart disease experts and advising patients, especially at younger ages, on the importance of close electrocardiographic monitoring for a potential atrial fibrillation risk is critical.                                 Next within the realm of atrial fibrillation, we switch to the topic of ablation. And review an article by Pallisgaard et al., published in this last month's issue of European Heart Journal, entitled Temporal Trends in Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence Rates After Ablation, between 2005 and 2014: a nationwide Danish cohort study.                                 Ablation has been increasingly used as a rhythm control strategy for patients with atrial fibrillation. Over this time, we have all noted evolution in both the experience and the techniques used. Thus, the authors sought to evaluate whether recurrence rate of atrial fibrillation has changed over the last decade. They included all patients with first-time AF ablation done between 2005 and 2014 in Denmark. They then evaluated recurrent atrial fibrillation based on a one year follow-up. They included a total of 5,425 patients undergoing first-time ablation.                                 They noted, interestingly, that the patient median age increased over time, and the median AF duration prior to ablation decreased over time. However, the rates of recurrent atrial fibrillation decreased from 45% in 2005 to 31% in the more recent years of 2013, 2014. With the relative risk of recurrent atrial fibrillation almost being cut in half.                                 They noted that female gender, hypertension, atrial fibrillation duration more than two years, and cardioversion with one year prior to ablation were all associated with an increased risk of recurrent atrial fibrillation, regardless of year.                                 These data, again, are retrospective and thus must be taken in the context of that consideration. However, they highlight that it is possible either our selection of appropriate patients for atrial fibrillation ablation or our techniques have improved overall success.                                 The fact that atrial fibrillation ablation is still a relatively young field, with evolving approaches and evolving techniques, needs to be taken into consideration when advising patients on success rates. Using data from many years prior to informed discussion today is fraught with potential error, especially as our catheter design and mapping system use and understanding of appropriate lesion set changes.                                 Of course, some criticism is required as well. While the patients included were relatively older in more recent years, the total AF duration prior to ablation decreased over the years. This suggests that patients are being ablated earlier than they were in the early days of atrial fibrillation ablation.                                 There is some data out there to suggest that earlier ablation for atrial fibrillation might result in a lower long-term recurrence rate. Thus, this might account for some of the difference. However, it is unlikely that it accounts for all of it, given the degree of reduction in overall risk of occurrence.                                 Staying within the trend of talking about changes in techniques for atrial fibrillation ablation, we next review an article published in this past month's issue of Heart Rhythm, by Conti et al., entitled Contact Force Sensing for Ablation of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: A Randomized, Multicenter Trial. Contact force sensing is one of the newer techniques being used to optimize the success rates for atrial fibrillation ablation. It is generally felt that understanding when one is in contact will optimize atrial fibrillation ablation outcomes by ensuring the physician knows each time they are in contact, and also potentially reducing complications by avoiding excessive contact.                                 Thus, the authors designed the TOUCH AF trial to compare contact force sensing-guided ablation vs. contact force sensing-blinded ablation. They included a total of 128 patients undergoing first-time ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation, and thus randomized them to a situation where the operator was aware of the contact force vs. blinded to the contact force. While the force data was hidden in the blinded cohort, it was still recorded on the backend.                                 In all patients, wide antral pulmonary vein isolation plus a roof line was performed, and patients were followed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, with clinical visits, ECGs, and 48-hour Holter monitoring.                                 The primary endpoint was cumulative radio frequency time for procedures, and atrial arrhythmia is greater than 30 seconds after three months is considered a recurrence.                                 They noted that average force was higher in the contact force-guided arm than contact force-blinded arm, though not statistically significant, with an average of 12 grams in the latter and 14 grams in the former.                                 Interestingly, the total time of ablation did not differ between the two groups. Furthermore, there was no difference in the single procedure freedom from atrial arrhythmia, computing to about 60% in the contact force-guided arm vs. the 63% in the contact force-blinded arm. They did notice, however, that lesions with associated gaps were associated with significantly less force and less force-time integral.                                 The authors concluded from this, the contact force-guided ablation did not result in significant decrease in total radio frequency time or 12-month outcomes in terms of freedom from atrial arrhythmias.                                 These data are important to help guide us in terms of thinking about how the tools we use, as they change, actually alter outcomes. Sometimes we may perceive benefits based on logical thinking that's knowing more about what is happening when we are performing a procedure should optimize that procedure. However, this is not necessarily always the case, and thus highlights the importance of randomized trials to directly compare different situations, such as awareness of contact force vs. lack of awareness of contact force.                                 The relevance of these particular articles is that when we compare catheters with different designs, it does not necessarily highlight the importance of the force number itself. Namely, comparing a contact force catheter vs. non-contact force catheter implicates use of essentially two completely different catheters. To understand the incremental utility of force in making decisions, it is important to consider the same catheter, but simply with awareness or lack of awareness of the actual force number.                                 One of the limitations, however, is that individuals who might have been trained on using the same force sensing catheter might have some degree of tactile feedback and understanding of the amount of force being applied to the tip of the catheter, based on having been repeatedly exposed to contact force numbers during use of said catheter. Thus, there might be a difference in being blinded to contact force in early stage operators than in later stage operators who might have been trained based on repeated feedback.                                 Thus, it's difficult to conclude, necessarily, that contact force is not offering mental benefit. In fact, there's a fair chance that it does. However, offering a skeptical viewpoint to help guide the importance of continually evolving technology in actually improving outcomes is important.                                 Finally, within the realm of atrial fibrillation, we review an article published by Pathik et al., in this past month's issue of Heart Rhythm, entitled Absence of Rotational Activity Detected Using 2-Dimensional Phase Mapping and the Corresponding 3-Dimensional Phase Maps in Human Persistent Atrial Fibrillation.                                 Current clinically used phase mapping systems involve 2-dimensional maps. However, this process may affect accurate detection of rotors. The authors sought to develop 3-dimensional phase mapping technique that uses a 3D location of the same basket electrodes that are used to create the currently available 2-dimensional maps. Specifically, they wanted to determine whether the rotors detected in 2D phase maps were present in the corresponding time segments and anatomical locations in 3D phase maps.                                 They used one minute left atrial atrial fibrillation recordings obtained in 14 patients, using the basket catheter, and analyzed them offline, using the same phase values, based on 2-dimensional vs. 3-dimensional representations.                                 They noted rotors in 3.3% using 2D phase mapping, 9 to 14 patients demonstrated about 10 transient rotors, with a mean rotor duration of about 1.1 seconds. They noted none of the 10 rotors, however, were seen at the corresponding time segments and anatomical locations in 3D phase maps. When looking at 3D phases maps, 4 of the 10 corresponded with single wavefronts, 2 of 10 corresponded with simultaneous wavefronts, 1 of 10 corresponded with disorganized activity, and 3 of 10 had no coverage by the basket catheter at the corresponding 3D anatomical locations.                                 These data are important, in that they highlight the importance of when we consider reflecting 2-dimensional systems in a 3-dimensional world of atrial fibrillation. The role of ablating rotors is still in question. However, it is still an important question, and it requires continued study. The best way of identifying a rotor, knowing a rotor is a rotor, and understanding where the rotor is, are going to be critical to further evaluating whether actual ablation of these rotors has any relevance to long-term atrial fibrillation ablation.                                 The truth is, that we need to be sure that we are properly identifying all the rotors in order to help guide whether or not we are actually being successful in ablating atrial fibrillation. The importance of the study is in reflecting whether 2-dimensional representations of the 3-dimensional geometry is sufficient to reflect what is actually happening in that 3-dimensional geometry. These authors suggest that it is not.                                 One of the limitations, however, might be that when we wrap a 2-dimensional framework into 3 dimensions and perform additional post-processing, this might result in some degree of attenuation of the data. However, it does highlight the importance for continued rigorous evaluation of current approaches to phase mapping.                                 Several articles have been published in recent months as well, about different single processing techniques to evaluate whether or not a rotor is, in fact, a rotor and to help optimize identification of them.                                 The jury is still out on whether or not targeted ablation of rotors will, in fact, improve overall long-term atrial fibrillation ablation outcomes. The limitations might not necessarily be that rotors are not an appropriate target, but that we just don't understand entirely where rotors are, based on limited single processing options, or based on limitations of anatomical localization.                                 Next, delving into the realm of ablation at large, we review an article by Iwasawa et al., published in this past month's issue of Europace, entitled Trans Cranial Measurement of Cerebral Microembolic Signals During Left-Sided Catheter Ablation with the Use of Different Approaches - the Potential Microembolic Risk of a Transseptal Approach.                                 The authors note the importance of considering microemolization in subclinical brain damage during catheter ablation procedures. They evaluated microembolic signals detected by transcranial Doppler during ablation of supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias with the use of either a transseptal or a retrograde approach.                                 The study set was small, only including 36 patients who underwent catheter ablation. They noted in about 11 patients left-sided ablation was done with transaortic approach, and in 9 patients a transseptal approach was used. The other 16 patients were not included, as they only had right-sided ablation.                                 The total amount of microembolic signature, based on transcranial Doppler were counted throughout the procedure and then analyzed offline. There is no significant difference in number of radio frequency applications, total energy delivery time, total application of energy, or total procedure time between the different groups. However, they did note that the mean total number of microembolic signals was highest in those undergoing transseptal approach to left-sided ablation. It was significantly lower in those having retrograde aortic approach, and lowest in those having right-sided only ablation.                                 Interestingly, many of the microembolic signals were detected during the transseptal puncture period, and then during the remainder of the procedure there was relatively even distribution of emboli formation. A frequency analysis suggested that the vast majority of microembolic signals are gaseous, in particularly Group 1 and Group 3, though only 91% in Group 2. No neurological impairment was observed in any of the patients after the procedure.                                 Recently, there's been a lot of focus on the potential long-term risk of cognitive impairments due to microembolic events in the setting of ablation. At least one recent paper in ventricular arrhythmias and several recent papers in atrial fibrillation ablation have suggested a fairly high risk of incidence cerebral emboli noted on MRI post ablation. While these results do not necessarily get at MRI lesions, they do suggest microembolic events. And what is most interesting, they look at microembolic events that occur throughout the entire ablation period with different approaches.                                 Interestingly, there is a massive spike in overall microembolic signals during the transseptal puncture period, and relatively even distribution throughout ablation, irrespective of application of radio frequency or not. Furthermore, while nearly all microembolic signals are gaseous, based on frequency analysis, with retroaortic approach or in those having right-sided only ablation, significantly less seem to be due to gaseous events in those having a transseptal approach.                                 It is known that there's possible damage to the internal dilation system when exposing it to transseptal needles or wires. Thus, one has to wonder whether some of the embolization could be from material associated with the actual transseptal puncture, either from portions of the punctured septum itself, or perhaps from the plastic material that which is being pushed transseptally.                                 These data still need to be considered and we have yet to see what the long-term applications of these kinds of findings are. It may be possible that while transseptal approach seems to offer more instant microembolic signals, if the long-term risk is no different, does it really matter?                                 However, these findings are provocative in the sense that they highlight potential significant differences and the risk of silent cerebral damage, based on the approach we use to ablation.                                 Changing gears, we next focus on the role of devices. And the first paper review is in the last month issue of JACC: Heart Failure, by Gierula et al., entitled Rate Response Programming Tailored to the Force Frequency Relationship Improves Exercise Tolerance in Chronic Heart Failure.                                 The authors sought to examine whether the heart rate at which the force frequency relationship slope peaks can be used to tailor heart rate response in chronic heart failure patients with cardiac pacemakers, and to see whether this favorably influences exercise capacity.                                 They performed an observational study in both congestive heart failure and healthy subjects with pacemaker devices. They then evaluated in a double-blind, randomized, controlled crossover study, the effects of tailored pacemaker rate response programming on the basis of a calculation of force frequency relationship based on critical heart rate, peak contractility, and the FFR slope.                                 They enrolled a total of 90 patients with congestive heart failure into the observational study cohorts, and 15 control subjects with normal LLV function. A total of 52 patients took part in the crossover study. They noted that those who had rate response settings limiting heart rate rise to below the critical heart rate were associated with greater exercise time and higher peak oxygen consumption, suggesting the tailored rate response program can offer significant benefit, particularly in congestive heart failure patients.                                 The importance of this trial is in that it highlights the importance of thoughtful decision-making in programming devices, and that group decision-making involving exercise physiologists, alongside pacemaker programming, and involving our congestive heart failure specialists might be the most critical in optimizing the approach to programming.                                 It might be that more aggressive measures are needed in congestive heart failure patients to decide on what optimal programming is, than it is in otherwise normal patients.                                 Staying within the realm of devices, we next focus on a publication by Sanders et al., published in this past month's issue of JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology, entitled Increased Hospitalizations and Overall Healthcare Utilization in Patients Receiving Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Shocks Compared With Antitachycardia Pacing.                                 The authors sought to evaluate the effect of different therapies and healthcare utilization in a large patient cohorts. Specifically comparing antitachycardia pacing with high voltage shocks. They used the PROVIDE registry, which is a prospective study of patients receiving ICDs for primary prevention in 97 U.S. centers. They categorized these patients by type of therapy delivered, namely no therapy, ATP only, or at least one shock. They then adjudicated all ICD therapies, hospitalizations, and deaths.                                 Of the 1,670 patients included, there was a total follow-up of over 18 months. The vast majority, 1,316 received no therapy, 152 had ATP only, and 202 received at least one shock.                                 They noted that patients receiving no therapy and those receiving only ATP had a lower cumulative hospitalization rate and had a lower risk of death or hospitalization. The cost of hospitalization was known to be significantly higher for those receiving at least one shock than for those receiving only ATP therapy.                                 They noted no difference in outcomes or cost between patients receiving only ATP and those without therapy. Thus, the authors concluded that those receiving no therapy or those receiving only ATP therapy had similar outcomes, and had significantly reduced hospitalizations, mortality, and costs compared to those who received at least one high voltage shock.                                 The relevant findings from this study is similar to prior studies that suggest that any shock over follow-up is associated with potential increase in long-term mortality. The difficulty in assessing this, however, is the fact that it might be that those who have VT that can be appropriately ATP terminated, might be at a somewhat lower risk than those who need to be shocked to get out of their VT. Thus, the presumption of needing a shock to restore normal rhythm might suggest a higher risk cohort, it cannot be gleaned from traditional evaluation of morbid risk factors.                                 This is why the importance of considering how devices are programmed and whether or not a patient who has received shocks can be reprogrammed to offer ATP only therapy to terminate those same VTs, needs to be taken into consideration. How to best tailor this therapy, however, is still remaining to be determined, though more and more clinical trials are coming out to suggest in terms of optimal overall population-wide programming for devices.                                 Staying with the realm of devices, we next review an article by Koyak et al., in this past month's issue of Europace, entitled Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease.                                 Heart failure is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality amongst patients with congenital heart disease. But there's limited experience in the role of cardiac resynchronization therapy amongst these patients. Thus, the authors sought to evaluate the efficacy of CRT in adults with congenital heart disease.                                 They performed a retrospective study on a limited number of 48 adults with congenital heart disease who received CRT, amongst four tertiary referral centers. They have defined responders as those who showed improvement in NYHA functional class or improvement in systemic ventricular ejection fraction. The median age at CRT implant was 47 years, with 77% being male. There was a variety of syndromes included.                                 They noted that the majority of patients, nearly 77%, responded to CRT, either by definition of improvement of NYHA functional class, or systemic ventricular function, with a total of 11 non-responders.                                 They noted that CRT was accomplished with a success rate comparable to those with acquired heart disease. However, the anatomy is much more complex and those technical challenges in achieving success o

Video games are a billion dollar industry.  155 million Americans, of all ages, play video games.  It is the preferred form of entertainment for most kids.  Due to the impact of video games on our society, it’s important for parents, educators, gamers, and game designers to understand the effects of video games.  Retrospectively, video games have received negative publicity.  Within the research, there is controversy regarding the negative effects of video games.  But, video games can also be helpful.  This podcast is going to focus on the positive attributes that video games provide to individuals. Contributor: Kelle Daniels References Adachi, P. p.,& Willoughby, T. (2013). More Than Just Fun and Games: The Longitudinal Relationships Between Strategic Video Games, Self-Reported Problem Solving Skills, and Academic Grades. Journal Of Youth & Adolescence, 42(7), 1041-1052.doi:10.1007/s10964-013-9913-9 Cicchino, M. m.(2015). Using Game-Based Learning to Foster Critical Thinking in Student Discourse. Interdisciplinary Journal Of Problem-Based Learning, 9(2), 57-74. doi:10.7771/1541-5015.1481 Greitemeyer,T., & Cox, C. (2013). There's no 'I' in team: Effects of cooperative video games on cooperative behavior. European Journal Of Social Psychology, 43(3), 224-228. Grizzard, M.,Tamborini, R., Lewis, R. J., Wang, L., & Prabhu, S. (2014). Being Bad in a Video Game Can Make Us More Morally Sensitive. Cyberpsychology, Behavior & Social Networking, 17(8), 499-504.doi:10.1089/cyber.2013.0658 Hamlen, K. R.(2014). Video Game Strategies as Predictors of Academic Achievement. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 50(2), 271-284. doi:10.2190/EC.50.2.g King, D. L.,Delfabbro, P. H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2011). The Role of Structural Characteristics in Problematic Video Game Play: An Empirical Study. International Journal Of MentalHealth & Addiction, 9(3), 320-333. doi:10.1007/s11469-010-9289-y Krcmar, M., & Cingel, D. P. (2016). Moral Foundations Theory and Moral Reasoning in Video Game Play: Using Real-Life Morality in aGame Context. Journal Of Broadcasting& Electronic Media, 60(1), 87-103. doi:10.1080/08838151.2015.1127246 Lorentz, P.,Ferguson, C. J., & Schott, G. (2015). The experience and benefits of game playing. Cyberpsychology, 9(3),52-56. doi:10.5817/CP2015-3-1 Rice, S.,Graves, W., Stauble, M., & Mehta, R. (2015). The Perception of Video Game Experience and Its Effects on STEMTasks and Tests. Ubiquitous Learning: An International Journal,8(2), 13-19. Soukup,C. (2007). Mastering the Game: Gender and the Entelechial Motivational System of Video Games. Women's Studies In Communication, 30(2), 157-178. Suziedelyte, A.(2015). MEDIA AND HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT: CAN VIDEO GAME PLAYING MAKE YOU SMARTER?. Economic Inquiry, 53(2), 1140-1155. doi:10.1111/ecin.12197 Entertainment Software Association. Essential Facts about the computer and video game industry. 2015 Sales, Demographic and Usage Data.   

Julie F. Johnson is a 27 year old dedicated Author, CEO of Non Profit Organization SDIAG Inc, victim advocate , CASA and public speaker who has devoted her life to breaking the silence on topics such as child abuse and sexual abuse through education and public awareness . A survivor of child sexual and physical abuse she understands and knows first hand the cause and effects abuse can cause on once soul. Retrospectively she also knows first hand that you can heal and live a abundant life -free of the shackles that keep victims bound. Although she has obtained a masters degree she is also currently striving on becoming Child advocate attorney . She accredits her recovery to her Lord and Savior and recognizes that healing is always a journey and not a destination. http://www.sdiagorg.com http://www.juliefrancejohnson.com and  https://www.facebook.com/sdiagorg

"Break The Silence" Sexual Abuse Awareness Month Julie F. Johnson is a 27 year old dedicated Author, CEO of Non Profit Organization SDIAG Inc, victim advocate , CASA and public speaker who has devoted her life to breaking the silence on topics such as child abuse and sexual abuse through education and public awareness . A survivor of child sexual and physical abuse she understands and knows first hand the cause and effects abuse can cause on once soul. Retrospectively she also knows first hand that you can heal and live a abundant life -free of the shackles that keep victims bound. Although she has obtained a masters degree she is also currently striving on becoming Child advocate attorney . She accredits her recovery to her Lord and Savior and recognizes that healing is always a journey and not a destination. http://www.sdiagorg.com http://www.juliefrancejohnson.com and  https://www.facebook.com/sdiagorg

The only way to be free from the slavery to fear is being adopted into the family of God. Retrospectively, if one is not part of the family of God, he or she will find herself enslaved. There is no in between. We are either sons & daughters of God or salves to fear.12 So then, brothers,[a] we are debtors, not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh. 13 For if you live according to the flesh you will die, but if by the Spirit you put to death the deeds of the body, you will live. 14 For all who are led by the Spirit of God are sons[b] of God. 15 For you did not receive the spirit of slavery to fall back into fear, but you have received the Spirit of adoption as sons, by whom we cry, “Abba! Father!” 16 The Spirit himself bears witness with our spirit that we are children of God, 17 and if children, then heirs—heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ, provided we suffer with him in order that we may also be glorified with him.

AFTERBUZZ TV – Breaking Bad edition, is a weekly “after show” for fans of AMC’s Breaking Bad. In this very special show, our hosts Paul Ashton, Kenny Harrison, John Comerford, and Tamara Berg broadcast live from the Kari Feinstein Emmy’s Style Lounge gifting suite from the world famous Mondrian Hotel on Sunset Blvd in Los [...]

Retrospectively almost 14,000 erythrocytes glutathione peroxidase (eGSHPx) activities of cattle from the clinic for ruminants of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich were geographically mapped. The eGSHPx is the most important indirect marker for the selenium supply of mammals. There are significant eGSHPx activity differences between the singular years. This might be conditional upon the different weather and therefore different forage plant growth and inclusion of selenium into the plant tissues. Furthermore there are significant differences between the age-groups and sexes: the most considerable difference existed in the age-group of the heifers and young bulls (100 until 720 days). The female animals performed considerably worse than their male contemporaries. In contrast, dairy cows performed better than the adult bulls. The postcode eGSHPx medians were worked out from the farm eGSHPx medians. The map primarily contains the region of South Bavaria (administrative districts of Swabia, Upper Bavaria, and Lower Bavaria) in Germany. From the map it can be seen that the selenium supply in the Northern Pre-Alps (as far as Munich) is marginally adequate whereas the selenium supply in the Bavarian Tertiary Hill Country (to the north of Munich until the Danube River) is adequate. Only 0.59 % of the postcodes eGSHPx medians were deficient (< 60 U eGSHPx/g Hb), 1.53 % low-marginal (≤ 100 U eGSHPx/g Hb) and 2.59 % marginal (≤ 130 U eGSHPx/g Hb). There were no significant linear correlations between the eGSHPx activity and other laboratory parameters. Furthermore the findings of the clinical examination undertaken on admission of cattle with an eGSHPx activity under 200 U/g Hb from farms with a median above 200 U/g Hb were analysed retrospectively. Two age groups with several eGSHPx groups were constituted that were each composed half of selenium deficients and half of control animals: “Calves younger than 100 days“ (< 200 U/g Hb: n = 200; ≤ 130 U/g Hb: n = 334; ≤ 100 U/g Hb: n = 220; < 60 U/g Hb: n = 84) and “cattle 100 days and older“ (< 200 U/g Hb: n = 226; ≤ 130 U/g Hb: n = 110; ≤ 100 U/g Hb: n = 70). This procedure should guarantee that these animals did not have a primary or nutritive selenium deficiency (belief: whole live stock affected by selenium deficiency) but a secondary selenium deficiency conditional upon the pathology. Significant results arose in the group of the “calves younger than 100 days“ in the parameters “posture“ (p = 0.0137 and 0.0355), “nutritional condition“ (p = 0.0148), and “intestine/abomasum“ (p = 0.0327). Some significant results arose from the age group of “cattle 100 days and older”, namely of the parameters “runting” (p = 0.0036, 0.0358, and 0.0203), “infectious diseases” (malignant catarrhal fever, bovine virus diarrhoea/mucosal disease, listeriosis, and paratuberculosis) (p = 0.0043), and “viral diseases” (malignant catarrhal fever and bovine virus diarrhoea/mucosal disease) (p = 0.0378). This indicates that only severe and protracted diseases lead to secondary selenium deficiency whereas acute diseases can be rebelled by primarily selenium sufficient cattle without sinking into deficiency at once. The selenium deficient calves’ significantly worse “posture” is probably attributable to the general physical frailty due to selenium deficiency.