Podcasts about rick b

Have you wondered what’s behind the energy in the polygamy revisionist movement? Are these the same as RLDS polygamy arguments? Back in 2010, Newell Bringhurst wrote a chapter in “Persistence of Polygamy” on the evolution of RLDS thinking on Joseph Smith’s polygamy, how it got forgotten, and recycled among a new generation of LDS members who weren’t aware of the previous history. https://youtu.be/wD-ZHracUnA Are the modern arguments that Joseph Smith was a strict monogamist actually new? In this deep dive, we explore the “layered archive” of historical claims surrounding Joseph Smith's polygamy, revealing that many of today's “polygamy revisionist” arguments are actually recycled 19th-century RLDS positions. The presentation breaks down the 150-year evolution of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (now Community of Christ) through four distinct phases: The Early Concessions (1852–1860): Contrary to popular belief, early leaders like William Marks and Isaac Sheen did not initially deny Joseph Smith’s involvement. Instead, they claimed he had been involved in “spiritual wifery” but recognized his error and repented shortly before his death in Carthage. The Era of Absolute Denial (1860–1960): Under the leadership of Joseph Smith III, the strategy shifted toward establishing the absolute innocence of the founding prophet. This century-long “institutional mandate” framed D&C 132 as a “Brighamite forgery” and placed the blame for polygamy entirely on Brigham Young. The Academic Shockwave (1960s–1980s): The “dam broke” when mid-century historians like Robert Flanders and Lawrence Foster published research that eroded the bedrock of the church’s denial. This led to a painful institutional reckoning, eventually forcing the church to acknowledge Joseph Smith's foundational role in plural marriage. The Modern Revisionist Resurgence: Today, a new wave of LDS members—facing their own faith crises—are adopting these older RLDS arguments to resolve cognitive dissonance regarding the prophet’s moral legacy. Drawing on works like Newell Bringhurst's The Persistence of Polygamy and Robert Flanders' Nauvoo: Kingdom on the Mississippi, this presentation weighs revisionist claims against the preponderance of contemporaneous evidence. We also discuss the psychological toll of these shifting narratives and the ongoing battle to control the legacy of Joseph Smith. RLDS Polygamy Arguments Chapters 0:00 Introduction and the RLDS Foundation 07:53 Anatomy of a Narrative Shift 08:19 The Bedrock: 1852 to 1960 12:30 Early Concessions 16:42 Joseph Smith III and the Strategy Shift 21:09 D&C 132: Brighamite Forgery? 27:35 Historical Reckoning (1960s to Present) 51:12 Modern Skeptic Movement 1:26:44 Three Paradigms of Polygamy 1:29:17 Conclusion: The Enduring Battle for Legacy

This is Getting Lit with Linda's 100th episode – a real milestone! To mark this specific achievement, three scholars join Linda to speak about an historic author rather than a contemporary one: the magnificent Jane Rule. Born in 1936, she authored several short story collections, essays, and novels, including The Desert of the Heart (Talon), a landmark novel published in 1964 and made into a movie in 1985. The movie was titled Desert Hearts (2.10) directed by Donna Deitch. The three scholars are Marilyn Schuster, “the godmother of Jane Rule Studies” (3.00; author of Passionate Communities and A Queer Love Story, 14.15 ), Amber Dean (working on a second volume of Jane Rule's letters exchanged with Rick Bébout, 14:18 ), and Cate Sandilands (completing a collection of stories, titled Dear Jane Rule). Linda has also comipleted her biography about Rule. Why are they so enamored of her? You'll have to listen to this episode to find out!They talk about some of Rule's novels, short stories, and essays, including The Desert of the Heart (1.55; 6:00; 6:55), The Young in One Another's Arms (7:45), Inland Passage, (9:38), Lesbian Images (9:00), This is Not for You (12.54), and Contract with the World (12.04). They also speak about the following:· Some of Jane Rule's awards (Order of British Columbia and Order of Canada, 1.20)· David Anderson (11:12), a scholar who completed his doctorate in the Faculty of Environmental Studies at York University· James Baldwin (17:55) and the citation, “If I am not what you say I am, then you are not who you think you are.”· Jane's letters and prolific letter writing (17.40; 22:45; 28:25)· Public lesbianism (16.32); being critical of insular heteronormativity (17.10)· Galiano Island (22:45; 28:15), their swimming pool (25:54), and the Bank of Jane (26:19)Stick around for the takeaway and their advice to aspiring writers and researchers! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

I did a livestream recap of the Mormon History Association (MHA highlights) conference, broadcast straight from my hotel room in lovely Las Vegas. Guided by some slightly out-of-order, AI-generated slides, this recap covers the most fascinating historical deep dives, unexpected gems, and award winners from the weekend. https://youtube.com/live/wy_-u8OCLMs Unexpected MHA Highlights & Gems: Pro Wrestling and Gnosticism One of the absolute standout presentations explored “The Mormon Giant,” Don Leo Jonathan, a 6’6″ pro wrestler active from the 1930s to the 1960s. Early in his career, he played up a “weird” and radical polygamist trope—complete with an unkempt beard and a live snake he claimed was from the Garden of Eden. However, to aid the Church’s PR shift toward mainstream assimilation in the 1950s and 60s, he transitioned to a clean-shaven, patriotic hero. Surprisingly, President David O. McKay, who was apparently a wrestling fan, actually authorized this PR gimmick to help mainstream the Church. Suprprisingly, his career ended via injury when he spun 7 foot tall Andre the Giant and injured his back in 1980, ending his wrestling career. Another surprise gem of the conference was a presentation by Mike Lemon on the “Temple of the Pearl,” a modern-day fringe group blending Mormon priesthood and eternal marriage with Gnosticism, chakras, yoga, and an androgynous double godhead. Mike LeCheminant, a dentist from Houston, TX gave an amazing presentation and I hope to get him on the podcast soon to talk more about this free love polygamist group. Politics, Welfare, and the New Deal MHA Highlights Several scholars provided a deep dive into the Church’s 1930s resistance to FDR’s New Deal, noting how leaders created their own welfare system driven by theological self-sufficiency to “supplant the dole” and discredit Roosevelt. Historian Matt Harris highlighted Hugh B. Brown, a vocal Democrat and trusted confidant of Heber J. Grant, who supported FDR’s programs. Brown faced severe backlash for taking the chairmanship of the state liquor commission after prohibition’s repeal, a controversial move that delayed his call to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles by decades. We also learned about Senator Elbert Thomas, who defeated Apostle Reed Smoot in an election and applied his faith to international humanitarianism. Driven by the historical memory of 19th-century Latter-day Saint persecution, Thomas partnered with Jewish activists to force FDR to create a board that ultimately saved 200,000 Jewish lives. Finally, MHA President Ben Park delivered an address on Cleon Skousen’s massive political influence, explaining how Skousen tied Mormon agency to free-market capitalism and popularized works like The Naked Communist among conservative evangelicals through careful “code-switching.” Reevaluating Settler Colonialism & Science MHA Highlights Elise Boxer gave a powerful presentation challenging traditional “manifest destiny” pioneer narratives. She urged an indigenous lens to view Mormonism as a vehicle for US colonial expansion, pointing to the “This is the Place” monument as a visual example of reducing Native Americans to a marginalized backdrop. In the realm of 20th-century history, Steven Peck discussed BYU biologist Duane Jeffery’s 1970s push for evolutionary biology. Jeffery faced severe backlash and potential termination from Ezra Taft Benson in the 1980s, but was defended by current President Dallin H. Oaks, who decreed that the university must not censor truth or assume faith is too fragile for scientific reality. Polygamy Economics and Early Records MHA Highlights Our on Mary Ann Clements presented fascinating research examining the economic factors behind early plural marriage using Nauvoo tax records. She highlighted how leaders like Brigham Young may have strategically pursued women from wealthier families, such as Martha Brotherton, who famously refused a marriage proposal from Young at age 17 and was locked in a room at the Red Brick Store. Additionally, Cheryl Bruno announced the thrilling discovery of an 1854 list of Joseph Smith’s plural wives. This crucial document pushes the timeline of documented lists to just a decade after his death, earlier than the famous Thomas Bullock list. Award/MHA Highlights The conference also celebrated major contributions to the field of Mormon history. Posthumous honors went to Ardis Parshall, who received the Public History Award for her work championing the unheralded stories of everyday members. George D. Smith received the Arrington Award for fostering independent research as the co-founder of Signature Books, and Elise Boxer took home the Indigenous Studies Award for her book on Mormon settler colonialism. Did you go? What are your thoughts? Next year, John Turner will lead the conference as new MHA president in Provo, Utah. (Las Vegas to Provo is definitely a 180 in environment. I was surprised when a conference attendee was propositioned by a woman offering to make his night memorable. Clearly she didn’t care that most MHA attendees frown on such things. I don’t expect that to happen in Provo!) 00:00:02 Introduction & Welcome 00:04:17 Awards Ceremony (Friday Night) 00:08:34 New Deal & Hugh B. Brown Discussion 00:12:33 Mormon Settlement in Nevada 00:16:22 Mormon Settler Colonialism 00:20:33The Mormon Giant (Don Leo Jonathan) 00:24:40 Latter-day Saint Eloquence & Speaking 00:29:05 Canonization & Doctrine & Covenants 00:33:30 Saturday Sessions Overview 00:37:43 Polygamy in Nauvoo 00:41:50 Economic Factors in Plural Marriage 00:45:41 Earliest Plural Wife Lists 00:49:39 Ben Park’s Presidential Address (Cleon Skousen) 00:53:42 Evolution & BYU (Duane Jeffrey) 00:57:50 Gnostic Mormon Offshoot (Temple of the Pearl) 1:01:59 Final summary From deep dives into 20th-century political clashes to the surprising intersections of theology and wrestling, this MHA conference proved that Mormon history is vibrant, complex, and full of ongoing discoveries.

Are you or someone you love navigating a faith crisis? You are not alone. Jeff Strong says 40% are leaving the Church. 40% are Leaving? https://youtu.be/k7olHf9sSq0 A historic shift is transforming the religious landscape. According to Jeff Strong’s new book Torn, nearly 40% of members are stepping away from their faith communities. But why is this happening, and how can we better understand and support those we love who leave? In this video, we unpack the insights from four groundbreaking books: Torn, Goodbye Religion, Bridges, and The Next Mormons. We are tackling the tough questions and busting the harmful myths that say people leave because they are “lazy learners,” easily offended, or simply want to sin. The reality is far more complex. For many, a faith transition is an agonizing, lonely, and deeply principled journey triggered by a desire for moral integrity rather than a loss of morals. We will compare the data across these four sources to explore the profound emotional toll of a faith crisis, while offering actionable, research-backed advice for current members. Discover how shifting our focus from “fixing” doubts to listening, empathizing, and providing unconditional love can help build bridges and keep our families together. Listen now to learn how we can transform judgment into compassion and better minister to those we love! Don’t miss our other conversations on faith crisis.

No Children for Joseph Smith? Joseph Smith’s plural wives One of the most frequent arguments raised by skeptics of Joseph Smith’s polygamy is the “fertility paradox.” While Joseph Smith fathered several biological children with his first wife, Emma, there are zero verified offspring from his estimated 30 to 40 plural marriages. DNA testing on suspected plural children has continuously ruled out Joseph as the father in every known case. Does this lack of physical evidence prove his plural marriages were non-sexual? According to a statistical analysis by Rick Bennett and a research team, the absence of children is not a biological impossibility, but rather a predictable outcome of history, biology, and law. https://youtu.be/Zz6BpX2wZd0 Statistical Models of Probability Bennett, alongside a team that included OBGYN Dr. Joseph Stanford, built four statistical models to determine the mathematical probability of Joseph Smith having zero children with his plural wives. These models factored in female ovulation cycles and historical documentation of Smith’s whereabouts, assuming no birth control was used: Restricted & Low Models: Assuming very infrequent relations and excluding teenagers and already-married women, the probability of zero children sits between 22% and 47%. Bennett equates this to a coin flip or rolling a double in Monopoly, making zero children a statistically unsurprising outcome. Medium (Consensus) Model: Assuming one or two encounters around the time of the sealing for a broader group of wives, the probability of zero children drops to roughly 9% to 13%. High Model: Only when assuming large possible historical encounters across 37 women does the probability of zero children become statistically microscopic (around 0.03%). Biological Factors and 19th-Century Demographics A significant reason for the lack of children stems from the demographic makeup of Joseph’s plural wives. At least five women were post-menopausal (over age 47) and 11 were “polyandrous” wives already married to other men. Furthermore, several brides were teenagers. Interestingly, poorer nutrition and rigorous physical labor in the 19th century delayed a woman’s first period (menarche) until an average age of 17, meaning many of the youngest wives were likely prepubescent and physically infertile at the time of their sealings (See Dan Vogel’s presentation.) Contraception and the Concept of “Quickening” If the High Model is accurate and sexual relations were frequent, Bennett notes that the Nauvoo community had widespread access to birth control. Popular texts from the 1830s heavily circulated knowledge about methods like the sponge, withdrawal, and highly acidic douching to prevent pregnancies. Additionally, 19th-century medical and Mormon theological consensus believed that a soul did not enter a fetus until “quickening” (around 20 weeks.) Because of this, early herbal interventions used to “restore the menses” were viewed simply as regulating the female body, rather than as abortion or sin. Legal and Theological Survival Ultimately, concealing pregnancies was an absolute necessity for survival. In Illinois, bigamy and adultery were felonies heavily penalized by fines, whipping, and imprisonment. Under the law, a child would serve as incontrovertible physical proof of illicit cohabitation, inviting immediate legal prosecution and mob violence. To avoid exposure, the theology of plural marriage subtly shifted. While originally grounded in an “Abrahamic” mandate to multiply and raise up seed on earth, the practice pivoted to a “Melchizedek” order. This new paradigm was focused on creating secret, dynastic priestly linkages for eternal salvation in the afterlife, entirely bypassing the legal dangers of earthly procreation. In short, the absence of children in Nauvoo polygamy is not a historical impossibility, but a reality forcefully shaped by 19th-century logistics, biology, and the heavy anvil of American law. Don’t miss my previous presentation! 0:00 Introduction to Rick 7:01 Fertility Paradox 8:34 Plural Wives History 15:18 Biology of Pregnancy 17:35 Grouping the Wives 22:17 Pregnancy Results 25:09 Knowledge of Birth Control/Abortion in 19th Century 30:31 Types of Contraception in Nauvoo 34:08 Quickening 36:20 Life Begins at Conception? 37:37 Mormon Market for Abortifacients 39:24 Theology Behind Lack of Children 40:23 Legal Reasons to Avoid Pregnancy 47:10 Theological Pivot 50:35 Conclusion Why 0 Children Not Unusual 51:58 Q&A Why Not Accept Joseph Wasn’t Polygamist? 53:19 Is Eliza Manwaring a Plural Wife? 58:43 Pushing Back on Certain Claims 1:01:27 RLDS Missions to Utah 1:03:58 Temple Implications for Rejecting Polygamy 1:06:24 Can temple sealings be non-sexual? 1:07:44 Is there anything wrong with Ugo Perego’s DNA Tests? 1:10:28 Is it reasonably possible Joseph had no children? 1:14:58 Don Bradley’s Theory on Legalizing Polygamy? 1:17:18 Dynastic Sealings to Create Ethnic Group 1:19:50 Why are both polygamy and temple ceremonies secret? 1:33:51 Sheep & Goat condoms 1:35:01 Older Male Fertility/Young & Old Female Fertility 1:38:49 Multi-Purpose Temples 1:44:19 Why Menarche Later in 19th century 1:47:43 Jacob 2:30-Why no children is Plausible

Orthodox Easter this year was a week later than Western Christianity. I was able to take a unique journey into Orthodox Easter traditions and the historical resilience of early Christianity. https://youtu.be/h8xYSNU9e6o It was a fascinating experience to visit St. Mary's Coptic Orthodox Church in Clearfield, Utah, after meeting a California member named Daniel Michalski. Unlike Western traditions, the Coptic Easter service is held on Saturday night and can last up to four hours, featuring a blend of English, Coptic, and Arabic chanting. One of the most striking rituals is the procession of the icon of Christ, which is buried in roses during Holy Week and then “resurrected” as the lights are turned on, accompanied by the unique sound of cymbals. Beyond the personal experience, we dove into the history of the Coptic Church, which split from Western Christianity in 451 AD following the Council of Chalcedon over complex theological debates regarding the nature of Christ. This history is framed within a broader discussion of the early Christian era, moving from the movement’s roots as a persecuted sect to its establishment as the Roman state religion under Constantine. Most Mormons are familiar with the death and resurrection of Christ and Constatine's ascension in the 4th century,  but know little about history of Christianity in the centuries in between. I discussed various early factions, such as the Gnostics, who prioritized secret wisdom over the physical resurrection, with the orthodox view that eventually triumphed. We also touched on the following key points: LDS Perspectives: We emphasized the physical resurrection of Jesus, citing recent General Conference messages regarding the victory of the empty tomb. Calendar Differences: The discrepancy between Western and Orthodox Easter dates were explained by the use of the Julian calendar versus the Gregorian calendar. Coptic Practices: Insights into infant baptism by immersion, the practice of closed communion, and the fact that Coptic priests can be married are also highlighted. Community Highlights: The episode concludes with a book giveaway of Holiness to the Lord and a teaser for a future discussion with Dr Matthew Bowman on the “Christian” roots of basketball.   Part 1: Personal Experience and the Coptic Orthodox Easter Service 0:00 – Introduction and Book Giveaway: 2:00 – Meeting Daniel Michalski: 5:00 – Attending the Coptic Service in Clearfield: attending a four-hour Saturday night Easter service, including observations on the small congregation and the use of English, Coptic, and Arabic. 10:00 – The Resurrection Ritual: An explanation of the dramatic liturgical moment where an icon of Christ is “resurrected” from a bed of roses, accompanied by chanting and cymbals. Part 2: History of Early Christianity 15:00 – The Great Schism of 451: includes a discussion on the Council of Chalcedon and how a theological dispute over a preposition regarding the nature of Christ led the Coptic Church to split from Western Christianity. 19:00 – Historical Jesus and the Temple: The host analyzes the cleansing of the temple as a political act of subversion that directly led to Jesus’s execution. 23:00 – The Crucifixion and Gospel Narratives. 27:00 – Mechanics of Crucifixion. Part 3: Early Factions and the Rise of Orthodoxy 29:00 – The Gnostics and Secret Wisdom, including a mention of the Gospel of Judas. 32:00 – Marcionites and the Canon:. 34:00 – Bishop Irenaeus and “Straight Thinking”: The origins of the term “Orthodox” and the establishment of the four-gospel rule. 37:00 – Eras of Roman Persecution: Christian martyrs, including the story of Perpetua. Part 4: Constantine and the Modern Church 41:00 –Constantine Transformation. 45:00 – LDS Perspectives on Easter. 47:00 – Coptic Practices Explained. Part 5: Conclusion and Teasers 53:00 – Book Giveaway Results. 54:00 – The Future of “Church Ball”: Upcoming interview about the Christian roots of basketball and the role of Mormon missionaries in spreading the sport. 56:00 – Calendar Discrepancies: explanation of why Orthodox Easter often falls on a different date due to the Julian vs. Gregorian calendars.

Draait Ali B de bak in? Journalisten Maaike Timmerman en Noa van Oostrom bespreken de twee zittingsdagen in het hoger beroep tegen de voormalig ‘knuffelmarokkaan', die wordt beschuldigd van het aanranden en verkrachten van meerdere vrouwen. Ook een andere BN'er moest voor de rechter verschijnen: Rick Brandsteder. Zat hij met 14 glazen bier op achter het stuur? 

Rick B (host of Gospel Tangents and LDS Faith Journeys) interviews Josh Gehly, an Evangelist for The Church of Jesus Christ (historically known as the Bickertonites), during Josh’s visit to Salt Lake City. Josh reveals that The Church of Jesus Christ has a small but growing domestic presence, including a mission in Salt Lake City. They are meeting Feb 7 near the airport at Holiday Inn East. Sunday morning at 10 am they will meets in the “Ninja Gym” in Sandy. The church reports significant international growth, particularly in Africa, while noting that the domestic church maintains a close-knit, “lowarchy” structure where leaders are servants rather than prophets. The conversation highlights significant theological divergences between the “Bickertonite” church and the mainstream LDS Church. Josh clarifies that his church is strictly anti-polygamy, viewing the practice as a sin, though they welcome members with varying historical views on whether Joseph Smith actually practiced it. They also reject the LDS concepts of eternal marriage, becoming gods (exaltation), and a Heavenly Mother, adhering instead to a more traditional view of the Godhead and the Bible/Book of Mormon. However, they are a “charismatic” faith, believing in and practicing spiritual gifts such as speaking in tongues, visions, and miracles. Throughout the Q&A with the live audience, the speakers address sensitive topics including LGBTQ+ issues—which Josh's church views as sinful—and the challenges of maintaining faith in a secular world. Despite these differences, the dialogue emphasizes mutual respect, the centrality of Jesus Christ, and the value of interfaith friendship. https://youtu.be/RtZgc8erx7w

Interracial Marriage is critical to the reasons for a priesthood/temple ban on black LDS Church members. For many years, the official position of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) was that “it is not known precisely why, how, or when this restriction [on the priesthood for male members of African descent] began in the church.” However, historical research utilizing early records suggests that the origins of the ban are quite specific, pointing to a confluence of events involving race and interracial sexual relations (often called “amalgamation” or “miscegenation” at the time) that served as the primary catalyst. https://youtu.be/V3DtkTfLazM Don't miss our other conversations on the priesthood ban: https://gospeltangents.com/mormon_history/racial-priesthood-temple-ban/ Copyright © 2025 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved 0:00 Meet Stassi Cram Priesthood Before the Prejudice (1830–1846) Contradicting later restrictions, evidence shows that Black men held the priesthood and participated in temple ordinances during the earliest decades of the Church. Black Pete, the first Black convert, was baptized in 1830 and served a mission in Ohio, likely performing baptisms in January 1831. Elijah Abel, perhaps the most famous early Black Mormon, was ordained an Elder and then a Seventy in 1836, received his washing and anointing ordinance in the Kirtland Temple, and participated in baptisms for the dead in the 1840s. Joseph Ball was ordained a high priest and served as a branch president in Lowell, Massachusetts, after Joseph Smith’s death in 1844. Ball was also slated to receive his temple endowment in Nauvoo in 1845. Walker Lewis, baptized in 1843, was ordained an Elder by William Smith, and was later referred to by Brigham Young in 1847 as “one of the best elders an African in Lowell,” [Massachusetts.] Furthermore, marriage between Black and white members was not automatically prohibitive; John Teague, a white Irishman, joined the church in 1842 with his Black wife, Evelyn Wilbur, and John was ordained a priest and then an elder. These facts confirm that no formal priesthood restrictions existed before 1847. Interracial Marriage Crisis of 1847 The shift from granting the priesthood to prohibiting it appears to have been driven by the highly visible, controversial interracial relationships of two Black elders in 1846 and 1847. Warner McCary and Interracial Polygamy: McCary, a freed slave who claimed to be part Indian, was baptized by Apostle Orson Hyde in 1846. Some believe he was ordained an Elder, but this is disputed. In 1847, McCary married Lucy Stanton, a white woman, with Orson Hyde performing the wedding. McCary later caused outrage in Winter Quarters by engaging in “sealing ceremonies” with white women that included sexual intercourse witnessed by his wife. Church leaders quickly expelled McCary from the camp. Brigham Young expressed concern about “amalgamation,” or race mixing, during a meeting where McCary was discussed. Enoch Lewis and the Mixed-Race Child: Simultaneously, in Massachusetts, Enoch Lewis (son of Elder Q. Walker Lewis) married Matilda Webster, a white woman, in 1846, and they had a mixed-race infant girl in 1847. Mission president William Applebee was so disgusted upon meeting the couple and their child that he wrote a dismayed report to Brigham Young asking if it was “the order of God to be tolerated in this church to ordain negroes to the priesthood” and allow amalgamation. When Brigham Young received Applebee’s report in October 1847, he responded strongly, stating that when Black and White people “mingle seed it is death to all” and that if they were far away from non-Mormons, they would “all be killed.” Following these cases, Brigham Young privately claimed that “black-white sexual relations were against the law of God and advocated death to all who participated.” This reaction was fueled by a desire to stop interracial marriage & led to the institutional restriction. The ban was publicly affirmed on February 15, 1852, when Brigham Young addressed the Utah territorial legislature and espoused the Curse of Cain doctrine, stating that the mark of Cain “is seen in the face of every negro on the earth” and declaring that any man “having one drop of seed of Cain in him cannot hold the priesthood.” Elephant in the Room: Racism While interracial relationships may have been the catalyst that triggered the ban, many argue that this analysis ignores the underlying issue: pre-existing racial prejudice. Marguerite Driessen notes, “interracial marriage can cause no problems and it can result in no bad consequences at all unless there’s already racial prejudice to begin with.” The underlying racism allowed church leaders to: Ignore precedents like Elijah Abel's ordination. Contort accepted doctrine to justify exclusion. For example, the Second Article of Faith states that humans will be punished for their own sins, not Adam’s transgression, yet the priesthood ban relied on the “curse of Cain,” effectively punishing Black individuals for the sins of an ancestor. The notion of “accursed lineage” derived from the Book of Abraham’s account of Egyptus, which was used to justify denying saving ordinances based solely on lineage, a factor over which people have “no agency or control.” Thus, the events of 1847-1852 did not create the prejudice, but rather offered a convenient, concrete focus for leaders to impose restrictions that many members and leaders were already culturally inclined to accept. The ban was the result of church policy, not doctrine, and was maintained because the congregation was unwilling to fully accept equality until the 1978 revelation ended the restriction.

When was Christ born? I held a livestream to tackle some of the most enduring mysteries surrounding the Christmas story, diving deep into scholarly debates concerning the timing of Christ's birth, the nature of the Star of Bethlehem, and the identity and traditions surrounding the Wise Men. The discussion also included a giveaway of a free copy of Sand Tanner’s book, Lighthouse, authored by Ronald Huggins. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3d0hOvJoXQc Don't miss our other conversations about Christmas: https://gospeltangents.com/lds_theology/christmas/ Copyright © 2025 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved The Great Dating Debate: When Was Christ Born? The discussion began by addressing the fact that the calendar we use today, created by the 6th-century monk Dionysius Exiguus. He mistakenly placed Christ's birth several years too late. There is no Year Zero. Modern scholars generally agree that Herod the Great died in 4 BC, a crucial historical marker, meaning Jesus could not have been born as late as 1 BC because Herod would have been dead for three or four years by then. Dr. Jeffrey Chadwick proposes that December of 5 BC is the correct birth month. However, Dr. Thomas Wayment argues that biblical writers like Matthew and Luke were composing gospels, not history, and were unconcerned with precise details, suggesting that historical data only allows us to know the date within a year or two, and certainly not within a specific month. Adding to the complexity is the mention of a census in Luke 2, which is historically problematic, as the census conducted by Quirinius (Cyrenius) is typically placed around 6 AD, about 10 years after Herod's death, creating a significant timeline contradiction. Explaining the Star of Bethlehem The question of what caused the Star of Bethlehem led to an examination of several astronomical and scientific theories, particularly in the context of both the Bible (Matthew 2) and the Book of Mormon (3rd Nephi 1). Information comes from several sources, including the 2004 documentary called Mystery of the Three Kings by Questar Entertainment. Planetary Alignment: Astronomer Michael Molnar proposed that the star was actually an occultation where the moon passed in front of Jupiter, a theory based on Babylon’s astrological beliefs concerning the birth dates of divine kings. Solar Eclipse: Another possibility, suggested by Jerry Grover, is a solar eclipse which occurred in 6 BC, a date near the proposed birth time. In Mesopotamia, eclipses were frequently associated with the rising of a new king or the death of an old king, which would explain why Herod was troubled. The eclipse was rare, rising in Mesoamerica and setting as a partial eclipse in Persia, where the Wise Men were thought to originate. Coronal Mass Ejection (CME): Grover also offered the idea of a CME (a massive ejection of plasma from the sun hitting Earth’s magnetosphere). This event could cause the northern lights (auroras) to become supercharged and move far south, appearing as “weird domes and other shapes in Mesoamerica”. This theory is particularly interesting because it could scientifically explain the Book of Mormon account that the night became “as light as day all night long” in the American Hemisphere, while the phenomenon might not have been noticed in the Middle East. Furthermore, the sign may have been accompanied by a crackling or hissing sound, as ions drop and release their charge in the atmosphere. Supernovas and comets are generally dismissed as options because they are either too short-lived or were historically seen as signs of impending doom. The Wise Men: Identity, Gifts, and Legacy The Wise Men (Magi or Magoi) were likely astrologers, healers, and dream readers from the east, specifically the Parthian/Persian Empire (modern Iran/Iraq area.) Their arrival in Jerusalem would have been concerning to Herod, especially since they were Persians entering Roman-controlled territory. The word Magoi is the same word used for magician or sorcerer. They may have been followers of the Zoroastrian religion, which is monotheistic and shares beliefs with Judaism, such as a belief in resurrection and a coming savior. Zoroastrian astronomers may have recognized the confluence of Jupiter and Saturn in 7 BC as a sign of a new king in Israel. The three traditional gifts carried profound meaning: Gold represented kingship. Frankincense represented divinity or God. Myrrh was extremely valuable (worth seven times the weight of gold) and represented healing; its use in embalming also served as a foreshadowing of Jesus's eventual death. The Magi are celebrated in many traditions, particularly in Spanish-speaking countries, where January 6th is known as Three Kings Day24,25. On this day, which occurs 12 days after Christmas, presents are exchanged, left by the Three Kings rather than Santa Claus. Legends regarding the Magi’s relics and tombs are found across the globe, including claims in Sava, Iran (recorded by Marco Polo); Axum, Ethiopia; Milan, Italy, and the most famous location in the West, the Cologne Cathedral in Germany. Don't miss our other conversations about Christmas: https://gospeltangents.com/lds_theology/christmas/ Copyright © 2025 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved

Rick B brings his many years of experience doing foundation meetings to PPG Webster 10-05-25

  Rick B. loves his secular AA group; he's also a regular at one of the largest closed (AA members and people who think they have a problem with alcohol, only) discussion groups in the Ottawa area. There are many newcomers at this meeting. One breakout room is a "beginners group" focusing on Steps One, Two, and Three. As a scientist and educator, Rich offers an evidence-based, scientific method approach, which some atheists refer to as the "woo-woo" steps because of the religious language and ideas of Steps Two and Three.Links of Interest:S.O.A.A.R. 2025 siteMore about secular AAFind or contact the Beyond Belief Secular Group of Ottawa #recoveryposse, #secularAA, #addiction, #recovery, #12stepsSecular AA is AA sobriety that is neither religious nor irreligious, focusing on the practical, humanist tools of Alcoholics Anonymous and borrowed from the wider recovery community. Secular AA is a growing subculture within AA, offering 100 agnostic/atheist/freethinkers AA meetings every day + regional events and the International Conference of Secular AA (ICSAA). More @ https://aasecular.org

Rick B. from Minnesota is speaking on the topic of Roadblocks to Recovery at an unknown meeting held in 2009. Support Sober Cast: https://sobercast.com/donate Email: sobercast@gmail.com Sober Cast has 3000+ episodes available, visit SoberCast.com to access all the episodes where you can easily find topics or specific speakers using tags or search. https://sobercast.com

Tom Bennett invited me to visit Centennial Park, Arizona, a group that practices polygamy. It's just south of the Utah border and about 50 minutes southeast of St George, Utah. Come along as we visit the community and I share my impressions of my church visit. Check out our conversation... https://youtu.be/o8z5wSg8olQ Don't miss our other episodes on Mormon fundamentalism! https://gospeltangents.com/denominations/fundamentalism/ Copyright © 2025 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved Except for book reviews, no content may be reproduced without written permission. transcript to follow Copyright © 2025 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved Except for book reviews, no content may be reproduced without written permission.

Have you every wanted to go on a road trip with Rick B? Now's your chance! This is the first in a series of Tangent Trips we'll go on: Gilgal Gardens. The idea is to visit various Mormon history sites, both obscure & famous, and take you along for the ride! In this first Tangent Trip, we'll visit Gilgal Garden, home of the Joseph Smith Sphinx! Why a sphinx? Why not! I'll let my friend Clair Barrus tell you more! Don't miss our other trips: https://gospeltangents.com/people/cristina-rosetti/ transcript to follow Copyright © 2024 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved Except for book reviews, no content may be reproduced without written permission transcript to follow Copyright © 2024 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved

Rick B held a livestream video discussing the purchase of the Kirtland Temple by the LDS Church this week. Of course, there is a lot of interest in the temple. We'll talk about that and the other properties included in the transaction, including the Nauvoo properties, and several important artifacts https://youtube.com/live/7FSCM92meOE transcript to follow Copyright © 2024 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved Except for book reviews, no content may be reproduced without written permission transcript to follow Copyright © 2024 Gospel Tangents All Rights Reserved Except for book reviews, no content may be reproduced without written permission

For many service businesses, marketing can feel like throwing random things at a wall and seeing what sticks. Sometimes, you get lucky. But in the ever-shifting landscape of new Google algorithms and increasingly tech-savvy competitors, luck isn't gonna cut it.   That's why the best marketing is data-driven marketing.   In this episode, we learn how to think more like data scientists when it comes to our marketing by speaking with Carole Lawson, bonafide data scientist and Chief Data Officer, and Rick B., CEO at MarketStorm, the company that's delivering better marketing outcomes for its clients through data science.   SHOW NOTES - Intro [0:00] - Introducing Carole Lawson and Rick B. [9:48]  - The truth about keywords [13:49]  - Optimizing your content like a data scientist [16:28] - Learning from the language your customers use [20:36] - Data science and hiring [27:17] - How misinterpreting data can backfire [30:52] - Targeting specific audiences [46:00] Resources And People Mentioned: This episode is kindly sponsored by: - Sera (visit their website)  - UpFrog (visit their website) - Copeland (visit their website). This should be copeland.com - CompanyCam (visit their website) - Visit www.companycam.com/SBM and use code SBM for a free 2-week trial, 1:1 training and account setup, and 50% off your first two months! - Join the Service Business Mastery Facebook group - Visit our website: https://www.servicebusinessmastery.com Affiliate Links: - Castmagic - https://get.castmagic.io/SBM  - StreamYard - https://streamyard.com/pal/c/4524595769507840 - CallRail - https://partners.callrail.com/relentless-digital  - IfTTT- 10 Percent off!  - https://ifttt.com/join?referral_code=BoERPHYVbCFE-C7okWNiClo3ygLafRze

Thanks to Rick B. for this week's questions. To submit a question for us to answer on the podcast, go to brainjo.academy/question. To subscribe to The Brainjo Connection, a free, twice-monthly newsletter about the latest science of how to keep the brain fit and healthy, along with our recommended products, books, tools, and other resources for doing so, go to: brainjo.academy/connection To learn more about how you can boost brain fitness with neuroscience-based musical instruction, head to brainjo.academy.  Intro and Outro music composed and produced by Julienne Ellen. 

The lads do a bit of Castling, try to become Kanye fans, ruin politics and stand by Christian Slater. ''Cameron's Wife can stay''

Real Estate Broker and House Hacking Investor Rick B. Albert Joins me to discuss all things (ADU) Accessory Dwelling Units. Rick is very knowledgable with ADU's because he has actually built one and lived in it for 2 years. Rick also helps his clients design and implement  to make the process as smooth as possible. If you are looking to add an ADU to your property or need to get an existing one permitted contact Rick Albert.http://rickalbertonline.com/Rick also has a very helpful youtube channel that covers all things real-estate. Please like and subscribe.https://www.youtube.com/c/RickBAlbert

Interview with CyberCEO Rick B.

Today we are joined by Shitshow Rick, who shares about her upbringing, the impact that manifested in adulthood, and his ongoing journey of healing & recovery.Support the Podcast -https://www.patreon.com/adultchildwww.buymeacoffee.com/adultchildFollow Andrea on social -www.instagram.com/adultchildpodwww.tiktok.com/@adultchildpodSupport the show

Show Notes No Agenda Episode 1364 - "Freedom Phoney" "Freedom Phoney" Direct [link] to the mp3 file ShowNotes Archive of links and Assets (clips etc) 1364.noagendanotes.com Sign Up for the newsletter Archive of Shownotes (includes all audio and video assets used) archive.noagendanotes.com The No Agenda News Network- noagendanewsnetwork.com RSS Podcast Feed Experimental IPFS RSS Feed Get the No Agenda News App for your iPhone and iPad Get the NoAgendDroid app for your Android Phone Torrents of each episode via BitLove document.write("Last Modified " + document.lastModified)This page created with the FreedomController Credits Freedom Phoney Executive Producers: Brian Travis Jim Parker James Hellems Comic Strip Blogger Anonymous Rick B Associate Executive Producers: Brian Dennison Sir Man of the Center Christopher Howell Sir Aighead Sir Scatman Seeding Person Extraordinaire of SWFL Emmy Caldwell Dave Ocker Sir Fakeologist of Candanavia Become a member of the 1365 Club, support the show here Boost us with with Podcasting 2.0 Certified apps: Podfriend - Breez - Sphinx - Podstation Knights & Dames Carlos Martinez -> Sir Carlos Knight of the Shallow Waters Fake-ologist -> Sir Fakeologist of Candanavia End of Show Mixes: Neal Jones - Danny Loos Engineering, Stream Management & Wizardry Mark van Dijk - Systems Master Ryan Bemrose - Program Director Back Office Aric Mackey Chapters: Dreb Scott Clip Custodian: Neal Jones NEW: and soon on Netflix: Animated No Agenda Sign Up for the newsletter ShowNotes Archive of links and Assets (clips etc) 1364.noagendanotes.com New: Directory Archive of Shownotes (includes all audio and video assets used) archive.noagendanotes.com RSS Podcast Feed No Agenda Lite in opus format NoAgendaTorrents.com has an RSS feed or show torrents document.write("Last Modified " + document.lastModified)This page created with the FreedomController 21544 Keywords

90% camiciaia, 10% pittore - Lo sbilanciamento della creatività L'equilibrio perfetto tra logica e creatività è uno sbilanciamento a favore della razionalità, nel quale il granello di sabbia della follia pesa quanto una montagna. Inizio con l'eco dei battibecchi in dialetto romagnolo tra nonna Imelde e zio Chicco; continuo con tazzine da caffè, tartine imburrate, colombi e figure geometriche parlanti; finisco assegnando i compiti per casa di una settimana da Dio. Pronto a cercare il tuo granello di sabbia? Via!Riferimenti bibliografici:Abbott E. A., Flatlandia. Racconto fantastico a più dimensioni, Adelphi Edizioni, 1966Boyd R., Khun T. S., La metafora nella scienza, Feltrinelli, 1983De Bono E., Il pensiero laterale, RCS Libri Spa, 1997Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Ap Dijksterhuis, Maarten W. Bos, Loran F. Nordgren, Rick B. van Baaren, On Making the Right Choice: The Deliberation-Without-Attention Effect, Science 17 Feb 2006Kahneman D., Pensieri lenti e veloci, collana Saggi, Mondadori, 2012Klein E., L'uomo che passava attraverso i muri e altri misteri della scienza, Lorenzo Barbera Editore, 2006Rizzolatti G., Sinigaglia C., So quel che fai. Il cervello che agisce e i neuroni specchio, Raffaello Cortina Editore, 2006Taleb N. N., Antifragile. Prosperare nel disordine, il Saggiatore, 2013

I interview Rick B from CPW about how not being prepared with your rifle or bow can contribute to the ever staggering wounding loss numbers.Supported by:Facebook @I Hunt ColoradoOnX Hunt giveway - https://kingsumo.com/g/emeni0/co-hunting-hub-onx-membership-giveawayBranded bills  https://www.brandedbills.com/ coupon code “huntinghub20”Wilderness Athlete 25% off coupon code “huntinghub” Big AgnesVictory archeryHoytContact Info:Instagram @co_hunting_hubFacebook @Colorado Hunting HubFacebook @I Hunt ColoradoEmail: clint.a.whitley@gmail.comPodbean - https://cohuntinghub.podbean.com/

Join Rick Z. and the Executive Director of the World’s Toughest Bicycle Race Mr. Rick Boethling as they talk about all things RAW and RAAM in real life and vRAW and vRAAM starting on June 16th. Just because RAW and RAAM have been cancelled for 2020 doesn’t mean there’s nothing to do. From juggling RAAM qualifying races around the world, in these times of uncertainty, to figuring out how to create a virtual 925 mile and 3,000+ mile virtual race from scratch…Rick B. takes us back and shares how he came to RAAM and then pulls back the curtain a bit to share how the small but mighty Race Across America team does all it can to keep the ultra-cycling spirit high and top of mind. What goes into putting on these races in real life or in a virtual world is mind-boggling. Have a listen and get some of the inside skinny!   Show resources: Signup for VRAW/VRAAM: http://www.revolve24.com/events/virtual-race-across-america FulGaz: https://fulgaz.com/ Support Rick’s race: https://www.zraam2021.com/gofundme Race Across the West: http://www.raceacrossthewest.org/ Race Across America: https://www.raceacrossamerica.org/

POVnow: Rick B - April 16

Rick B. talks at the Tuesday Night Group in Roseville CA for their 67th anniversary 2012. You can find us on our private Facebook group.

I did a live show today and it’s all because of Crooked Alligator, ArbitraryAlex, Rick B, Simspeak, and Delorean J. In this show…

I did a live show today and it’s all because of Crooked Alligator, ArbitraryAlex, Rick B, Simspeak, and Delorean J. In this show…

Yesterday Adam G. from MN spoke on the topic of Roadblocks to Recovery and I ran across this meeting where Rick B. also from MN is speaking on the topic of Roadblocks to Recovery and it is also from 2009, so they had to go back to back. Email: sobercast@gmail.com Support Sober Cast: https://sobercast.com/donate Sober Cast has 900+ episodes available, visit SoberCast.com to access all the episodes where you can easily find topics or specific speakers using tags or search.

Gudrun spricht mit Lydia Wagner über Elastoplastizität. Lydia hat im Rahmen ihrer im Mai 2019 abgeschlossenen Promotion Versetzungen in kristallinen Festkörpern numerisch simuliert. Elastizität beschreibt die (reversible) Verformung von Festkörpern unter Belastung. Bei zu großer Belastung reagieren Materialien nicht mehr elastisch, sondern es entstehen irreversible Deformationen. Das nennt man Plastizität. Im Rahmen der Kontinuumsmechanik wird die Deformation durch ein Kräftegleichgewicht basierend auf der Impuls- und Drehimpulserhaltung modelliert. Die konkreten Eigenschaften des Materials werden hierbei über eine spezifische Spannungs-Dehnungs-Relation berücksichtigt. Dabei tritt Plastizität auf, wenn im Material eine kritische Spannung erreicht wird. In klassischen phänomenologischen Plastizitätsmodellen der Kontinuumsmechanik wird dieses Verhalten über eine Fließbedingung in Abhängigkeit der Spannung modelliert. Diese wird durch eine Fließregel und ggf. eine Verfestigungsregel ergänzt, die das plastische Materialverhalten nach Erreichen der Fließgrenze beschreiben. Plastizität ist ein physikalischer Prozess, der auf Kristallebene stattfindet. Ein kristalliner Festkörper wird plastisch verformt, wenn sich eindimensionale Gitterfehler – Versetzungen – durch Belastung im Kristallgitter bewegen, d. h. wenn sich die atomaren Bindungen umordnen. Durch Mittelungsprozesse kann dieses diskrete Verhalten in einem Kontinuumsmodell, dem Continuum dislocation dynamics (CDD) Modell, beschrieben werden. Eine numerische Realisierung von diesem erweiterten Modell und die Evaluation im Vergleich zu diskreten Simulationen ist die Themenstellung der Dissertation von Lydia. Die Physik erarbeitete sich Lydia in Zusammenarbeit mit Materialwissenschaftlern und Ingenieuren in der DFG-Forschergruppe Dislocation based Plasticity am KIT. Literatur und weiterführende Informationen C. Wieners: Effiziente numerische Methoden in der Elasto-Plastizität, Vortragsfolien. P.M. Anderson, J.P. Hirth, J. Lothe: Theory of dislocations Cambridge University Press, New York, 2017, ISBN: 978-0-521-86436-7 T. Hochrainer et al.: Continuum dislocation dynamics: Towards a physical theory of crystal plasticity Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 63, 167–178,2014. doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2013.09.012 K. Schulz, L. Wagner and C. Wieners: A mesoscale continuum approach of dislocation dynamics and the approximation by a Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin method International Journal of Plasticity. doi:10.1016/j.ijplas.2019.05.003 Podcasts J. Fröhlich: Poroelastische Medien, Gespräch mit G. Thäter im Modellansatz Podcast, Folge 156, Fakultät für Mathematik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), 2018. A. Rick: Bézier Stabwerke, Gespräch mit S. Ritterbusch im Modellansatz Podcast, Folge 141, Fakultät für Mathematik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), 2017. A. August: Materialschaum Gespräch mit S. Ritterbusch im Modellansatz Podcast, Folge 037, Fakultät für Mathematik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), 2014.

This show is brought to you by all the supporters of the show, most of all Buster Casey, JT, Rick B, kuraz, and Mac…

Heute schon einen Aha-Moment gehabt? Wir sprechen darüber, wie unser Kopf auf plötzliche Erkenntnisse kommt und was ihm dabei helfen kann. Außerdem geht es um Faktoren, die die Kreativität steigern können. Erwähnte Quellen: 1) Das Buch zu Kreativität (kein kompliziertes Fachbuch, sondern für alle verständlich): Kast, Bas (2016): Und plötzlich macht es KLICK! Das Handwerk der Kreativität oder wie die guten Ideen in den Kopf kommen. Frankfurt am Main: FISCHER Taschenbuch 2) Ein Review, das viele Experimente aus der Erkenntnis-Forschung und die Theorie dahinter zusammenfasst: Kounios, John; Beeman, Mark (2014): The cognitive neuroscience of insight. In: Annual review of psychology 65, S. 71–93. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115154. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115154 3) Vor einer plötzlichen Erkenntnis gibt es ein ansteigendes Gefühl von Wärme: Metcalfe, Janet; Wiebe, David (1987): Intuition in insight and noninsight problem solving. In: Memory & Cognition 15 (3), S. 238–246. DOI: 10.3758/BF03197722. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.335.9823 4) Unbewusst präsentierte Primes helfen beim Lösen von Anagrammen: Bowden, Edward M. (1997): The Effect of Reportable and Unreportable Hints on Anagram Solution and the Aha! Experience. In: Consciousness and Cognition 6 (4), S. 545–573. DOI: 10.1006/ccog.1997.0325. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810097903251 5) Das Experiment mit den Schokostreuseln:Ritter, Simone M.; Damian, Rodica Ioana; Simonton, Dean Keith; van Baaren, Rick B.; Strick, Madelijn; Derks, Jeroen; Dijksterhuis, Ap (2012): Diversifying experiences enhance cognitive flexibility. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 48 (4), S. 961–964. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.02.009. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103112000212

Rick B. brings you three prank calls by three Moms in our mothers day one-week-late special! Opening song by Jay

Ep. 12 of Views From The Bottle (VFTB) with a two hour special hosted by Rj and LiLi Fierce. Hour 1 wirh Rick B and Lex and the Dragons following hour 2 with The Logan Bros. This episode was filled with conversations, drinking, interviews, and dope free styles . Intro Song: Wine Dip Repeat by The Logan Bros.

Vom 10. - 13. Mai 2018 fand im ZKM und in der Hochschule für Gestaltung (HfG) die GPN18 statt. Dort traf Sebastian auf Arne Rick und sie unterhielten sich über die DIN-Norm 4149 zu Erdbebensicherem Bauen. Die DIN4149 legt fest, nach welchen Auslegungszahlen man planen, und welchen Verfahren man Gebäude bauen darf, um sie "erdbebensicher" gemäß der Norm nennen zu dürfen. Erdbeben sind in Deutschland allgemein nicht sehr häufig, aber es gibt Gebiete in denen ein deutlich höheres Erbebenrisiko besteht, wie beispielsweise in Aachen und dem Erdbebengebiet Kölner Bucht (aktuelle Erdbeben) in der Erdbebenzone 3. Mit der Erdbebenzone 1 für Karlsruhe sind wir auch in einem gefährdeten Bereich (Erdbeben in Karlsruhe), wenn auch nicht im gleichen Maße. Südlich von Tübingen gibt es eine weitere Erbebenzone 3 (aktuelle Erdbeben). Erdbebenzonen in Deutschland. CC-BY 2.0 Störfix In der Auslegung werden Erdbeben als ein Katastrophen-Lastfall angenommen, und die Bemessung richtet sich auf die schwersten Erdbeben, die statistisch alle 475 Jahre auftreten können. Die ehemalige Munitionsfabrik, die nun u.a. das ZKM, die HfG und gerade die GPN18 beinhaltet, steht schon seit über 100 Jahren, und wird auch noch länger stehen, so ist dies eine für Gebäude realistische Zeitskala. In der Auslegung spielt das Gewicht der Gebäude eine große Rolle, denn die zu verarbeitende Kraft bestimmt sich nach Newton aus der Masse und Beschleunigung. In Karlsruhe muss mit einer Spitzenbodenbeschleunigung von bis zu 0.4g bzw. 3.9m/s^2 rechnen. Wie unterschiedlich dabei die Bewegung ausfallen kann, ist an verschiedenen Seismogrammen ersichtlich, die den Verlauf des Bebens mit einem Stift auf einem durchlaufenden Blatt darstellen. Die Modellierung von Erdbeben beginnt mit dem Erdbebenherd, über dem sich auf der Erdoberfläche das Epizentrum befindet. Idealisiert bewegen sich seismische Wellen vom Epizentrum aus als Raumwellen kugelförmig aus, zusätzlich gibt es aber auch Oberflächenwellen wie Rayleigh- oder Love-Wellen, die sich idealisiert kreisförmig um das Epizentrum ausbreiten. Da die horizontale Beschleunigung die stärkste Wirkung auf Gebäude hat, vereinfacht die Norm den Einfluss von Erdbeben auf Horizontalbeschleunigungen und Bodeneinflüsse. Während Erdbeben für Gebäude ein Problem darstellen können, so sind sie für die Seismische Tomographie die Informationsquelle, um Einblicke in die Erde zu erhalten. Mit optimaler Versuchsplanung kann man dafür auch die Aufstellorte optimieren, um ein möglichst optimales Bild zu erhalten, wie wir aus Modell012: Erdbeben und Optimale Versuchsplanung schon wissen. Natürlich müssen alle relevanten Lastfälle berücksichtigt werden, so kann in Karlsruhe die Windlast sich als Flächenlast teilweise stärker als der Lastfall durch Erdbeben auswirken. Das Haus wird dabei oft als Einmassenschwinger gesehen, bei aufwendigeren Geometrien aber auch als Mehrmassenschwinger, und die unterschiedlichen Belastungen in der maximalen Auslenkung in maximale statische horizontale Ersatzkräfte umgerechnet und damit vergleichbar gemacht. Ein wichtiger Startpunkt ist die Auswahl der Bemessungssituation und das Semiprobabilistische Teilsicherheitssystem, als Weiterentwicklung des Sicherheitsfaktors, bzw. der Aufteilung in verschiedene Eurocodes, die auch noch eine national unterschiedliche Behandlung ermöglichen. Bei der Lastbestimmung berücksichtigt man ständige Lasten, eine hauptsächliche nicht-ständige Last, die Haupteinwirkung, und weitere nicht-ständige Lasten, die aber durch einen probabilistischen Faktor abgemindert werden, da nicht alle nicht-ständige Lasten gleichzeitig auftreten. Aus der Festigkeit des Baumaterials wird nun die maximale Spannung berechnet, die es aufnehmen kann, und diese muss den Einwirkungen bestehen können. Eigentlich ist die DIN4149 durch den deutlich umfangreicheren Eurocode 8 abgelöst, doch ist aktuell noch die DIN4149 anzuwenden, da der Eurocode 8 zum Zeitpunkt der Aufnahme noch nicht in die technischen Baubestimmungen aufgenommen wurden. Eine Besonderheit der Bemessungssituation für erdbebensicheres Bauen ist, dass hier ein Katastrophenlastfall angenommen wird, und es daher keine allgemeinen Sicherheitsfaktoren mehr gibt. Es geht dabei nicht um den Erhalt des Gebäudes, sondern nur um die Möglichkeit Menschenleben schützen zu können. Ein Bedeutungsbeiwert beschreibt die Bedeutung des Gebäudes für Katastrophenfälle, beispielsweise haben hier landwirtschaftliche Gebäude einen Wert von 0,8 während Krankenhäuser den Wert 1,4 haben. Weiterhin wird die Nutzung durch einen Nutzungsbeiwert beschrieben, die die Belastung des Gebäudes durch die Nutzung beschreiben- diese können ständig, wie im Fall von Bibliotheken sein, oder sich häufig ändernd, wie durch Menschen, die das Gebäude besuchen. Aus dem anzusetzenden Gewicht und der Beschleunigung durch die Erdmase kann man mit dem Modell des Einmassenschwingers die modellierte Schwingung des Gebäudes simulieren. Aus dieser Simulation erhält man das Antwortspektrum des Gebäudes für unterschiedliche Erdbeben. Bildet man hier die einhüllende Kurve bzw. Hüllkurve, die in der Synthesizer-Musik auch über das ADSR-Modell beschrieben werden kann. Die Nachschwingzeiten von sehr hohen Gebäuden können so lange sein, dass es förmlich zu tanzenden Hochhäusern kommen kann. Der wichtige Wert der Schwingzeit wird durch eine vereinfachte Gebäudegeometrie berechnet. Da das Gebäude aber mehrere Resonanzfrequenzen beziehungsweise Eigenwerte der Steifigkeitsmatrix besitzt, gibt es zu jedem Mode eine eigene Schwingzeit. Die verschiedenen Schwingungen in den Teilmodellen überlagern sich in der Multimoden-Modell dann im vollen Modell. Diese vereinfachenden Verfahren ermöglichen meisst schon mit wenig Rechenaufwand sehr gute Ergebnisse, jedoch stößt das Vorgehen bei sehr verwinkelten und komplexen Baustrukturen an Grenzen- eine Verwendung des Ein- oder Mehrschwingermodells ist bei einem Gebäude wie dem Aachenmünchener Direktionsgebäude nicht denkbar. Bei der weiteren Betrachtung hat die Baugrundklasse einen wichtigen Einfluss, da diese beispielsweise bei kiesigem Untergrund die Erdbeschleunigung erheblich abschwächen kann. Der Dämpfungsbeiwert beschreibt die durch Prozesse wie Reibung dissipierte Energie. Weiterhin beschreibt der Verhaltensbeiwert die Plastitzität von Werkstoffen in Gebäuden, durch die ebenso die Schwingungsenergie verbraucht wird. Speziell werden Gebäude dazu in Duktulitätsklassen eingeteilt. Eine besondere Rolle spielen hier die Zustandsklassen, beispielsweise beim Beton und Stahlbeton: Man geht davon aus, dass der Beton im normalen Zustand von kleinen Rissen durchzogen ist, und damit in Zustandsklasse 2 liegt. In der Alterung, aber auch durch Einwirkung von äußeren Kräften wie Erdbeben, kommt es zu einem Risswachstum. Risse können mathematisch durch Bifurkationen beschrieben werden, und erzeugen sehr schnell äußerst komplexe Problemstellungen. Im Katastrophenfall erlauben wir für Stahlbeton die Zustandsklasse 3, wo der Beton gerissen sein kann und der Stahl beginnt sich zu verbiegen. Auch wenn das Gebäude danach dringenden Reparaturbedarf besitzt, so wird so viel von der Erdbebenenergie durch die Materialien verbraucht. Ein großes Problem sind dabei aber die Verbindungen, da gehärtete Schrauben spröde reißen. Ebenso haben Schweißnähte immer kleine Nahtfehler, die versagen können. Ein Ausweg sind hier so groß ausgelegte Verbindungen, so dass diese im Extremfall die Rotationsfähigkeit erhaltende Fließgelenke ausbilden und somit ein Versagen möglichst nicht in der Verbindung auftritt. An der Hochschule Karlsruhe besucht Arne eine Vorlesung von Prof. Dr. Jan Akkermann und hat sich im Zuge seines Master-Studiums mit dem Projekt beschäftigt, einem Gebäude der Hochschule ein neues Geschoss zu planen. Literatur und weiterführende Informationen A. Ötes: Die neue Erdbebennorm DIN 4149, Universität Dortmund. A. Rick: The Basics of Audio compressors, Gulaschprogrammiernacht, 2018.Seismische Sonifikationen Z. Peng: Earthquake Music J. N. Louie, The Sound of Seismic, 2015 D. V. Rogers: Sounds of Seismic - Earth System Soundscape, 2013. Podcasts S. Wollherr: Erdbeben und Optimale Versuchsplanung, Gespräch mit G. Thäter im Modellansatz Podcast, Folge 12, Fakultät für Mathematik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), 2013. http://modellansatz.de/erdbeben S. Wollherr: Bruchzonen, Gespräch mit G. Thäter im Modellansatz Podcast, Folge 136, Fakultät für Mathematik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), 2017. http://modellansatz.de/bruchzonen A. Rick: Bézier Stabwerke, Gespräch mit S. Ritterbusch im Modellansatz Podcast, Folge 141, Fakultät für Mathematik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), 2017. http://modellansatz.de/bezier-stabwerke

Rick B speaking at the Big Ole Roundup in February of 2007

Arne Rick (@Couchsofa) war schon ein häufiger, aber ungenannter Gast im Modellansatz Podcast: Als DJ war er auf den Aufnahmen von der aktuellen und früheren Gulasch-Programmiernächten im Hintergrund zu hören. Außer für Musik hat Arne auch ein großes Faible für Mathematik und Informatik und befasst sich im Zuge seiner von Prof. Marcus Aberle betreuten Bachelorarbeit zum Bauingenieurwesen an der Hochschule Karlsruhe mit Bezierkurven für Stabwerke. Stabwerke sind Modelle für Strukturen in Bauwerken und eine Lösung für ein System von Stabwerken hilft im konstruktiven Bauingenieurwesen, die Aufbauten in ihren Bemessungen und Anforderungen auszulegen und erforderliche Eigenschaften festzulegen. Die Darstellung als Stabwerke ist im Sinne eines Fachwerks eng verknüpft mit dem Prinzip von Finite Elementen, da diese in gewissen Anwendungen als Stabwerke und umgekehrt interpretiert werden können. Weiterhin können Stabwerke mit Hilfe von finite Elementen innerhalb der Stäbe genauer bestimmt bzw. verfeinert werden. Die Betrachtung des Stabwerks beginnt mit der Struktur und den Einwirkungen: Hier ist spielt das Semiprobabilistische Teilsicherheitsbeiwerte-System eine besondere Rolle, da es die möglichen Einwirkungen auf die Bauteile und damit die Gesamtanalyse probabilistisch erfassbar macht. Man unterscheidet hier nicht mehr so stark zwischen dem Bauen im Bestand, wo viele Nebenbedingungen zwar bekannt, aber die Eigenschaften der verbleibenden Bestandteile unsicher sind, und dem Aufbau eines Neubaus, wo es jeweils für die Bauingenieure gilt, die Vorgaben aus der Architektur konstruktiv, berechnend, planend und organisatorisch unter Berücksichtigung des möglichen Zeit- und finanziellen Rahmens, verfügbarer Materialien, Technik, Mitarbeiter und Bauverfahren sicher umzusetzen. Speziell in der Betrachtung der Stabwerke können die Fälle der statistischen Über- und Unterbestimmung des Bauwerks auftreten, wo Überbestimmung grundsätzlich zu Verformungen führt, eine Unterbestimmung andererseits kein funktionsfähiges Bauwerk darstellt. Weiterhin ändert jede Anpassung von beispielsweise der Tragfähigkeit eines Bauteils auch gleich zur Änderung des gesamten Stabwerks, da ein stärkerer Stab oft auch mehr wiegt und sich eventuell auch weniger verformt. Außerdem ziehen in einem statisch überbestimmten System die steiferen Elemente die Lasten an. So ist es häufig, eher unintuitiv, von Vorteil Bauteile zu schwächen um eine Lastumlagerung zu erzwingen. Dies führt in der Auslegung oft zu einem iterativen Prozess. Die Darstellung eines Stabes oder Balkens ist dabei eine Reduzierung der Wirklichkeit auf ein lokal ein-dimensionales Problem, wobei die weiteren Einwirkungen aus der Umgebung durch Querschnittswerte abgebildet werden. Die Voute ist ein dabei oft auftretendes konstruktives Element in der baulichen Umsetzung eines Tragwerks, die in der Verbindung von Stäben eine biegesteife Ecke bewirkt und in vielen Gebäuden wie beispielsweise dem ZKM oder der Hochschule für Gestaltung in Karlsruhe zu sehen sind. In der Modellierung der einzelnen Stäbe können verschiedene Ansätze zum Tragen kommen. Ein Standardmodell ist der prismatische Bernoulli Biegestab, das mit Differentialgleichungen beschrieben und allgemein gelöst werden kann. Daraus entstehen Tabellenwerke, die eine Auslegung mit Hilfe dieses Modell ermöglichen, ohne weitere Differentialgleichungen lösen zu müssen. Eine häufige Vereinfachung ist die Reduzierung des Problems auf zwei-dimensionale planare Stabwerke, die in den meissten Anwendungsfällen die relevanten Anforderungen darstellen können. Die Stäbe in einem Stabwerk können nun unterschiedlich miteinander verbunden werden: Eine Möglichkeit ist hier ein Gelenk, oder in verschiedene Richtungen und Dimension festlegte oder freie Lager, also Festlager oder Loslager zwischen Stäben oder einem Stab und dem Boden. Je nach Wahl der Verbindung entstehen in diesem Punkt eine unterschiedliche Anzahl von Freiheitsgraden. Für die praktische Berechnung werden Lager oft auch verallgemeinert, in dem die Verbindung über eine Feder modelliert wird: Hier haben ideale Loslager eine Federkonstante von 0, während die Federkonstante von idealen Festlagern gegen unendlich geht. Mit allen Werten dazwischen können dann reelle Lager besser beschrieben werden. In vereinfachter Form führt die Berechnung eines Stabwerks mit idealisierten unbiegbaren Balken mit den Endpunkten der Balken als Variablen und den Verknüpfung der Balken als Gleichungen direkt auf ein relativ einfaches lineares Gleichungssystem. Da sich in Realität alle Balken unter Last merklich verbiegen (es sei denn, sie sind vollkommen überdimensioniert), müssen sie grundsätzlich mit Steifigkeit modelliert werden, um belastbare Ergebnisse zu erhalten. Aber auch im erweiterten Modell wird der Stab durch eine Matrix linear beschrieben, nur dass hier auch die Last eine Rolle spielt und über das Elastizitätsmodul, Fläche und Trägheitsmoment die Verbiegungen abbilden kann. So ergibt das erweiterte Modell ebenfalls ein lineares Gleichungssystem, nur mit mehr Variablen und Parametern, die das System beschreiben und Angaben zur Verbiegung und Lastverteilung machen. Nach der gewöhnlichen Berechnung des Stabwerks hat sich Arne nun mit der Frage beschäftigt, ob die Stäbe mit Biegezuständen mit Bezierkurven besonders sinnvoll dargestellt werden können. In der Konstruktion erfahren Bézierkurven eine große Beliebtheit, da sie über Start- und Endpunkt mit zwei Kontrollpunkten sehr intiutiv zu steuern sind. Oft kommen oft Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) zum Einsatz, die als verallgemeinerte Bézier-Splines aufgefasst werden können. Das Grundproblem besteht darin, dass die Stäbe im erweiterten Modell durch Einführung der Biegezustände und Elastizität weder ihre Länge behalten, noch eine eindeutige Ausrichtung durch unterschiedliche Winkel an den Enden erhalten. Einen solchen Widerspruch versucht man bei Finiten Elementen entweder durch eine feinere Diskretisierung und damit durch eine Abbildung durch Geradenstücke oder durch eine Abbildung mit Polynomen höherer Ordnung zu ermöglichen und das Problem auf dem verfeinerten Modell zu lösen. Der dritte Ansatz ist hier, die Ergebnisse durch die in der Konstruktion bewährte Darstellung über Bezier-Kurven qualitativ anzunähern, um die Modellerfahrung aus der Konstruktion in der Darstellung der Lösung zu nutzen. Die Umsetzung erfolgt in Python, das mit den Bibliotheken NumPy und SciPy eine Vielzahl hilfreicher und effizienter Funktionen besitzt. Literatur und weiterführende Informationen A. Rick: Structurana, Python, 2017. Friedrich U. Mathiak: Die Methode der finiten Elemente (FEM), Einführung und Grundlagen, Skript, Hochschule Neubrandenburg, 2010. Ch. Zhang, E. Perras: Geometrische Nichtlinearität, Steifigkeitsmatrix und Lastvektor, Vorlesung Baustatik (Master), Lehrstuhl Baustatik, Universität Siegen, 2015. Podcasts M. Bischoff: Baustatik und -dynamik, Gespräche mit Markus Völter & Nora Ludewig im omega tau Podcast, Episode 029, 2010. M. An: Topologieoptimierung, Gespräch mit G. Thäter im Modellansatz Podcast, Folge 125, Fakultät für Mathematik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), 2017. A. Rick: A Hackers Approach To Building Electric Guitars, Vortrag auf der GPN15, Karlsruhe, 2015. GPN17 Special Sibyllinische Neuigkeiten: GPN17, Folge 4 im Podcast des CCC Essen, 2017. M. Lösch: Smart Meter Gateway, Gespräch mit S. Ritterbusch im Modellansatz Podcast, Folge 135, Fakultät für Mathematik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), 2017. F. Magin: Automated Binary Analysis, Gespräch mit S. Ritterbusch im Modellansatz Podcast, Folge 137, Fakultät für Mathematik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), 2017. A. Rick: Bézier Stabwerke, Gespräch mit S. Ritterbusch im Modellansatz Podcast, Folge 141, Fakultät für Mathematik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), 2017.