Podcasts about stanford encyclopedia

In this episode from 2021, Alex Aragona speaks with Graeme Thompson about the classical liberal tradition in Canada, and what the evolution of that tradition has looked like. References from The Curious Task Episode 94 with Graeme Thompson A collection of the speeches of Wilfred Laurier can be found in an edited edition by Arthur Milnes, available from Amazon here. Macdonald Laurier and the Election of 1891 by Christopher Pennington can be found from Penguin House here. Graeme Thompson's piece “Whatever Happened to Laurier” can be found in the National Post here. Graeme mentions positive and negative liberty by Isaiah Berlin, which is discussed on the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy here. The works of Adam Smith, Edmund Burke, and J.S. Mill can be read for free through the Online Library of Liberty.  

www.mysticalmisfitspodcast.com   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~   That bitchin robe That bitchin photo  The Sleepwalkers: A History of Man's Changing Vision of the Universe – Arthur Koestler Kepler's Witch: An Astronomer's Discovery of Cosmic Order Amid Religious War, Political Intrigue, and the Heresy Trial of His Mother – James A. Connor NASA's page on Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion (NASA.gov) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy – Johannes Kepler   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Anahata's Purpose Tickets Available! October 16th - October 19th at Camp Ramblewood! www.anahataspurpose.com for details!  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~   Check out all of the amazing things Rae has to offer!  Calendly for Scheduling Appointments Jupiter Rituals Etsy Shop Instagram - @jupiterrituals www.anahataspurpose.com Instagram - @Anahatas_Purpose Facebook - Anahatas Purpose   The Witch's Coop - For your Egg Hatching needs!     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~       Interested in getting a reading from Theresa? Email - cosmicguidetheresamariesa@gmail.com Instagram - @theresa.mariesa Facebook - Theresa Mariesa - Your Cosmic Guide        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~     MEET MIKALA! Our Wonderful & Amazing Audio Engineer! Thank you, Mikala for all that you do!      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~     Music by Kuf Knotz Instagram - @kufknotz 

In this episode I respond to a video that was released by Gavin Ortlund yesterday in which he explains why he thinks that he is not a liberal. Gavin says that there are three reasons why people call him a liberal, but I argue that it's not that Gavin has three liberal views, but rather that Gavin has an entire framework of thinking that is indistinguishable from liberalism. All of my sources are below. I hope you enjoy!SUBSCRIBE TO MY NEWSLETTERSources:Gavin's videoFundamentalism and the Word of God - J.I. PackerExegetical Fallacies - D.A. CarsonChristianity and Liberalism - J. Gresham MachenPositive and Negative Liberty defined by Stanford Encyclopedia of PhilosophyGavin's Article on abortion from 2008CDC Stats on Abortion in AmericaWHO and Guttmacher stats on abortions worldwideNASA on the the Earth being 20% greener in the past 20 yearsJordan Peterson on the problems with Climate Change Sign up for my newsletter and never miss an episode: https://optivnetwork.comFollow me on X: https://x.com/andyschmitt99Email me at andy@optivnetwork.com with your questions!Music: "nesting" by Birocratic (http://birocratic.lnk.to/allYL)

Der französische Philosoph Jean-Jacques Rousseau entwirft ein basisdemokratisches Staatsmodell: Die Bürgerinnen und Bürger sind selbst der Souverän und sie sind selbst dafür zuständig, dass das passiert, was sie wollen. Sie suchen und verwirklichen den Gemeinwillen. In der heutigen Episode fasse ich Rousseaus Gedankengang aus den letzten vier Episoden kurz zusammen und ordne ihn historisch ein. Anschließend betrachten wir Chancen und Schwierigkeiten seiner Ideen. Wo könnte uns Rousseau heute weiterbringen? Und was sollten wir eher kritisch betrachten? Literatur: Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Vom Gesellschaftsvertrag, Stuttgart 2011 Günther Mensching, Rousseau zur Einführung Hamburg 3. Aufl. 2010 Christopher Bertram, Jean Jacques Rousseau, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Link)

Het gesprek met dr. Bert van den Berg van de Universiteit Leiden over de vroeg Griekse filosofen ging nog even door! In deze korte bonusaflevering neemt Bert ons mee in de duizelingwekkend paradoxen van Zeno van Elea.Shownotes

Základní filozofická výzva „myslete za sebe sama“ by se dnes dala přeformulovat na tezi „čiňte informovaná rozhodnutí“. Na racionalitu, která má být našim nejjistějším průvodcem světem, se vůbec klade značný důraz, nejen ve filozofii. Škoda jen, namítá americká myslitelka L. A. Paulová, že v těch nejdůležitějších věcech, v těch, které opravdu rozhodují o našem životě, se racionálně rozhodovat nemůžeme. Vezměme si třeba rozhodnutí, zda se stát rodičem. Zvláště v případě ženy hraje roli tolik proměn, že nemůžeme vědět, kým se staneme, když na mateřství kývneme. Mění se toho příliš: psychika, tělo, to, jak vnímáme druhé i sebe. Navíc nevíme, jaké dítě se nám narodí; nevíme, jak se promění partner; nevíme, jak se promění náš vztah. Pakliže toto vše nevíme, nemůžeme učinit racionální rozhodnutí, které přece jen stojí na tom, že základní data máme k dispozici. L. A. Paulová proto označuje podobné zkušenosti jako transformační. Rodičovství je jen jedním, byť pro autorku, matku dvou dětí, archetypálním transformačním zážitkem. Podobnou zkušeností je volba zaměstnání, vstup do manželství nebo rozvod. Autorka na pozadí těchto zkušeností navíc ukazuje, jak pomýlená je filozofie, která vychází z toho, že lidé jsou jednou provždy týmiž. Během života může člověk prožít několik identit, které by si navíc mezi sebou mnohdy ani nerozuměly. A nejenže podceňujeme, jak moc se měníme my sami, podceňujeme i to, jak odlišní jsou v závislosti na svých jedinečných zkušenostech druzí lidé. Kdyby platilo, že se v těch nejdůležitějších věcech nemůžeme racionálně rozhodnout, máme tedy odevzdaně očekávat, co se s námi stane? Rozhodně ne. Jednak by už i toto bylo rozhodnutí, především však platí, že těmto úhelným okamžikům našeho života je spíše zapotřebí porozumět nově. Co to znamená? Neptat se, co je racionální. Ve světle dobrodružství, jakým je třeba rodičovství, si spíše máme položit otázku, zda chceme zjistit, jakým člověkem se staneme. Jinými slovy, se máme sami sebe tázat, jestli chceme zůstat týmiž, anebo zda se chceme měnit a z této změny učit. Transformační zkušenosti jsou spjaté se zjevením: vyjevují, kýmže také jsme anebo můžeme být, a jak jinak lze také vnímat svět.KapitolyI. Vrátit filozofii smysl [začátek až 16:40]II. Nahradit kauzalitu porody?! [16:40 až 23:10]III. Dobře si to rozmysli! [23:10 až 39:40]IV. Ne, vy mi nerozumíte. [39:40 až 50:30]V. Naše každodenní zjevení [50:30 až závěr]BibliografieJolanta Brach-Czaina, Škvíry existence, přel. Michael Alexa, Praha: Malvern, 2019.Alice Gregory, „The Philosopher L. A. Paul Wants Us to Think About Our Selves“, in: The New Yorker, 2. 12. 2024, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2024/12/09/the-philosopher-l-a-paul-wants-us-to-think-about-our-selves. Rebecca Chan, „Transformative Experience“, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2024, https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2024/entries/transformative-experience.L. A. Paul, Transformative Experience, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.Shani Orgad, „The parenting happiness gap“, in: LSE, 9. 10. 2019, https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/parenting4digitalfuture/2019/10/09/the-parenting-happiness-gap/.Celý podcast sledujte na http://www.Echoprime.cz X: http://twitter.com/echo24cz Facebook: http://twitter.com/echo24cz

In this episode, we tackle one of the most important figures in the history of religion, philosophy, mysticism & the esoteric - the writer calling himself Dionysios, and who would create a synthesis between Neoplatonic philosophy and Christianity in ways the echoed down the centuries.Check out the Secret History of Western Esotericism Podcast (SHWEP) for more Dionysius content: https://shwep.netFind me and my music here:https://linktr.ee/filipholmSupport Let's Talk Religion on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/letstalkreligion Or through a one-time donation: https://paypal.me/talkreligiondonateSources/Recomended Reading:Lossky, Vladimir (1944). "The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church". James Clarke & Co.Luibheid, Colm (Translated by) (1987). "Pseudo-Dionysius: The Complete Works". Classics of Western Spirituality. Paulist Press International.McGinn, Bernard. "The Presence of God" Series, in several volumes. Perhaps the best and most comprehensive introduction to Christian mysticism. Published by Crossroad Publishing Co.McGinn, Bernard (2001). "The Mystical Thought of Meister Eckhart: The Man From Whom God Hid Nothing". Crossroad Publishing Co.The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Entry on Pseudo-Dionysius: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pseudo-dionysius-areopagite/Earl's section:Human and celestial hierarchies compared: EH 373AB, 376BC; CH 208BCD; EH 501A-D.Angelic triads: CH 200D: 3 threefold groups of angels, as taught by Pseudo-D's sacred initiator (i.e. Hierotheos); CH 257C: each angelic triad has Iamblichean-style first and last terms with a necessary median term. Cf. Iamb. De myst. V.8.225.5-8; CH 273C ditto; EH 501A: triads au go-go.Angelic mediation between humans and god: CH 180A. God never appears without intermendiaries, even to the saints: m180C. Even to Jesus: 181C. Long discussion of Isaiah and the Seraphim: 300B ff. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Have you heard of Hippolytus’s Refutation of All Heresies? Written not long after 222 A.D. this book works through dozens of heresies–beliefs that the author disagreed with. Some scholars have argued against Hippolytus as the author, preferring to call him pseudo-Hippolytus. But regardless of who wrote the tome, the fact is that this huge book was the mature result of nearly seventy years of Christians cataloging heresies. In each case the next generation typically included much of what had come before and this book is no exception. It’s a massive tome, totaling more than 400 pages long in the most recent translation by David Litwa. In this talk, delivered at the 2024 UCA conference held in Little Rock, Arkansas, Dr. Dale Tuggy draws on the Refutation of All Heresies to catalog the major christological options that were known to the author in the third century. Excluding all the gnostic groups, Tuggy identifies three broad groups of Christians who held very different ideas about Christ: the Dynamic Monarchians, the Modalistic Monarchians, and the Logos Incarnationists. Or to use the parlance of today, biblical unitarians, oneness believers, and Arians. But, what about the Trinity? Where was it? Why didn’t pseudo-Hippolytus mention three persons in one being? Surely hundreds of millions of Christians who say the Church has always believed in the Trinity from the beginning can’t be wrong, can they? Listen in to this talk to find out. Dale Tuggy is an analytic philosopher specializing in Trinity theories. He’s the author of the Trinity article in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy as well as the book What Is the Trinity, which gives a brief introduction to the various Trinity models and their problems. A month ago, a new book came out that he contributed to called One God, Three Persons, Four Views, in which he debated various Trinitarian scholars, putting forward his own non-trinitarian view as an alternative. Find out more about Tuggy and his work at his blog: Trinities.org. In what follows he lays out the various christologies in the period before Nicea as well as explains quotations by Athenagoras and Mileto that modern trinitarian defenders use to prove that the Trinity was there in the second century. Lastly, he provides evidence for which view he thinks was the majority in the second and third centuries. Listen to this episode on Spotify or Apple Podcasts —— Links —— Get the transcript of this episode Check out these other episodes with Dale Tuggy Support Restitutio by donating here Join our Restitutio Facebook Group and follow Sean Finnegan on Twitter @RestitutioSF Leave a voice message via SpeakPipe with questions or comments and we may play them out on the air Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library. Who is Sean Finnegan?  Read his bio here Get Finnegan’s book, Kingdom Journey to learn about God’s kingdom coming on earth as well as the story of how Christianity lost this precious pearl of great price.

A description of the mosaic inscription "to God Jesus Christ" found at Megiddo/Legio and on display at the Bible Museum in Washington D.C. Presentation on what Christians meant when they called Jesus G/god in the early A.D. 3rd century. Video version of this podcast: https://youtu.be/Hg6Dm4mx_SU Sources and Resources: One God Report Podcast, Bill Schlegel YouTube Channel. Episodes 10-11 The Evolution of the Trinity, with Dr. Dale Tuggy. Rollston, Christopher. “A Stunning Trio of Early Christian (3rd Century) Inscriptions from Biblical Armageddon: ‘God Jesus Christ,' Five Prominent Named Women, a Named Centurion, a Eucharist Table, and Two Fish.” Rollston Epigraphy: Ancient Inscriptions from the Levantine World, July 4, 2024. http://www.rollstonepigraphy.com/?p=1004. Rubenstein, R. When Jesus Became God. Harcourt, Inc., 1999. Tepper, Yotam, and Leah Di Segni. A Christian Prayer Hall of the Third Century CE at Kefar ‘Othnay (Legio): Excavations at the Megiddo Prison 2005. With contribution by Guy Stiebel. Jerusalem: Israel Antiquities Authority, 2006. Academia Link Yotam Tepper Tuggy, Dale. History of Trinity Doctrines. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/trinity/trinity-history.html#TertulTertullian, On the First Principles. https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/04120.htm Tzaferis, Vassilios. “Inscribed ‘To God Jesus Christ',” BAR 33-02, Mar-Apr 2007. https://library.biblicalarchaeology.org/article/inscribed-to-god-jesus-christ/ Smith, Dustin, Biblical Unitarian Podcast 357 https://biblicalunitarianpodcast.podbean.com/e/357-the-megiddo-mosaic-and-its-christology/ --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/onegodreport-podcast/support

Show NotesWe start with the next chapter selected by the randomiser in our 50 Arguments for God book.  “Can We Be Certain That Jesus Died on a Cross? A Look at the Ancient Practice of Crucifixion” We agree that the answer is Yes, and enjoy ourselves on the way.  Then we move on to another random chapter which is on how our planet is ideal for doing astronomy – “Designed for Discovery”.  This leads to a wider discussion on Design Arguments. We look at their history and cover Aquinas, Hume and Paley, but run out of time at the start of the 19thC. Links: The 50 Arguments for Faith book: “Evidence for God: 50 Arguments for Faith from the Bible, History, Philosophy and Science” by Mike Licona and William Dembski.  (It can be found on Amazon.) The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Hume and The Argument from Design:https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hume-religion/#ArgDesAnd on Design Arguments generally:https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/teleological-arguments/#Int Doubts Aloud Links:Please give feedback and ask questions using:  doubtsaloud@gmail.com 

EPISODE 122 | How to Be a Communist One of the many words tossed about these days as a snarl term is “communist”, but do the people using this sobriquet know what that really means? It certainly doesn't mean every leftwing philosophy or ideology. In fact, Communism is a very specific set of applications of very certain ideas, and, like it or not, helped define the 20th century. So let's look at what Communism is and what it isn't, and what other systems and suites of thought have crossover with it. Like all the different flavors of Socialism.  Like what we do? Then buy us a beer or three via our page on Buy Me a Coffee. You can also SUBSCRIBE to this podcast. Review us here or on IMDb!  SECTIONS Closer to Home - Socialism (market and non-market), Adam Smith, the Labour Theory of Value (LTV) Duty Now for the Future - The French Revolution and the Directory, the Conspiracy of Equals, Utopian Socialism, Chartism, Karl Marx and Friedreich Engels become buddies Mean Machine - Engels's "alienated labour" and The German Ideology, historical materialism, The Communist Manifesto, the basics of Marxism, Marx and Engels hatch a fast-track plan Brothers in Arms - The Russian Tsar is overthrown and Communism comes to power, the first Communist platform, Reds versus Whites, Lenin develops Leninism Music for the People - Stalin develops Marxism-Leninism, which spreads to all countries that go Communist Futuristic Design - Mao Zedong takes over in China, Communism fails almost everywhere Subterranean Jungle - The Horseshoe Theory, Communism has more in common with Fascism than with socialism, comparing and contrasting Fascism and Communism, comparing and contrasting capitalism and socialism, Third Way, social liberalism, social democracy Life's What You Make It - Capitalism is not a social or political system, democracy is opposed to authoritarianism's many flavours  Music by Fanette Ronjat More Info:  Why market socialism is a viable alternative to neoliberalism at the Lon don School of Economics and Political Science Market Socialism: A Case for Rejuvenation by Pranab Bardhan and John E. Roemer in the Journal of Economic Perspectives Socialist Market Economy chapters and articles on Science Direct Non-Market Socialism: What is it? How will it work? - 2 papers from the Socialist and Anarchist Utopias Panel at the 2018 The Great Transition: Setting the Stage for a Post-Capitalist Society International Conference in Montreal SOCIALISM WITHOUT MARKETS: DEMOCRATIC PLANNED SOCIALISM paper by Al Campbel What are some contemporary defenses of non-market socialism? on Quora labour theory of value entry on Britannica Chapter 6: Theories of Value from Human Society and the Global Economy by Kit Sims Taylor Gracchus Babeuf & the Conspiracy of Equals Utopian Socialism articles on Science Direct Utopian Socialism in America on Digital History Chartism essay by Amy J. Lloyd, University of Cambridge What was the Chartist movement? on BBC Bitesize Capitalism and alienation by Phil Gaspar in Critical Thinking from the International Socialist Review Marx's Theory of Alienation by Asher Horowitz, professor of political science at York University  The German Ideology by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Historical Materialism.org website What is Historical Materialism? video on PHILO-notes YouTube channel Karl Marx entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Manifesto of the Communist Party What is 'Marxism' in The Economic Times How does Marxism differ from Leninism? What Is Marxism-Leninism? Marxism: What It Is and Comparison to Communism, Socialism, and Capitalism on Investopedia The Rise of Mao Zedong on Alpha History Socialism, Fascism, Capitalism and Communism Chart from the Hampton Roads Naval Museum Democracy in the Manual for Human Rights Education with Young People Communism vs. Fascism comparison chart Communism vs. Socialism comparison chart Socialism vs Communism also with a chart Communism vs. Democracy comparison chart Capitalism vs. Socialism comparison chart Capitalism vs Socialism another chart Fascism and communism: Two sides of the same coin at the Adam Smith Institute  History is much too important to be left to politicians by Jonathan Steele in The Guardian Different Types of Socialism 6 Political Ideas Socialism different types video on various types of Socialism  The Third Way: Myth and Reality by James Petras in the Monthly Review What the Heck Is Social Liberalism? Social Liberalism vs. Social Conservatism Social Democracy definition by John Patrick in Understanding Democracy, A Hip Pocket Guide Basics on Social Democracy brochure by the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung What Is Social Democracy? Unveiling Its Values video What are the main differences between social democracy and democratic socialism? on Quora Liberal or Social Democrat? in Dissent Magazine What's the difference between Social Democracy and Libertarianism? on Quora Follow us on social: Facebook Twitter Other Podcasts by Derek DeWitt DIGITAL SIGNAGE DONE RIGHT - Winner of a 2022 Gold Quill Award, 2022 Gold MarCom Award, 2021 AVA Digital Award Gold, 2021 Silver Davey Award, 2020 Communicator Award of Excellence, and on numerous top 10 podcast lists.  PRAGUE TIMES - A city is more than just a location - it's a kaleidoscope of history, places, people and trends. This podcast looks at Prague, in the center of Europe, from a number of perspectives, including what it is now, what is has been and where it's going. It's Prague THEN, Prague NOW, Prague LATER     

Dnešná epizóda otvára našu podcastovú sezónu na rok 2024-25 a až do letných prázdnin vás pozývame 2x mesačne zamýšľaš sa s nami nad veľkými a zveochtivími otázkami z obastí a na priesečníku filozofie, vedy, náboženstva či dejín. A dnešnou témou bude metaetika.  Súvisiace dávky: PD#4: Morálny kompas, http://bit.ly/davka4  PD#18: Emotivizmus, http://bit.ly/davka18  PD#44: David Hume a spor rozumu a vášní, http://bit.ly/davka44  Použitá a odporúčaná literatúra: Geoff, "Metaethics", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2023) DeLapp, "Metaethics", Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy *** Baví ťa s nami rozmýšľať? Podpor našu tvorbu priamo na SK1283605207004206791985 alebo cez Patreon (https://bit.ly/PDtreon), kde Ťa odmeníme aj my.

Eifrige Hörer des Podcasts werden bemerken, dass es bereits eine Episode zum Thema gab, nämlich Episode 10 mit dem Titel »Komplizierte Komplexität« aus dem Jahr 2019. Es lohnt sich auch, diese nochmals nachzuhören, aber nach fünf Jahren ist es an der Zeit, hier ein Update zu machen. Ganz besonders auch deshalb, weil ich wieder einen hervorragenden Gesprächspartner zum Thema virtuell einladen durfte, Dr. Marco Wehr. Dr. Marco Wehr ist Physiker und promovierter Wissenschaftstheoretiker. Als vielfach ausgezeichneter Autor und Redner beschäftigt er sich mit Fragen der Vorhersehbarkeit, der Rolle des Körpers für das Denken und der Beziehung von Gehirn und Computer. Marco Wehr ist Gründer und Leiter des Philosophischen Labors in Tübingen. Sein neues Buch »Komplexe neue Welt« ist natürlich eine der Grundlagen für dieses Gespräch. Es ist unlängst zum Wissensbuch des Jahres 2024 vorgeschlagen worden. Link zum Buch natürlich wie immer in den Shownotes. Marco beschäftigt sich auch mit der Frage der Modellierung, und sein aktuelles Vortrags-Format für 2025 heißt folgerichtig: »Die Macht mathematischer Modelle«. Wir beginnen mit der Frage, was der Unterschied zwischen komplexen und komplizierten Systemen oder Fragestellungen ist, zumal diese beiden Begriffe umgangssprachlich oft synonym verwendet werden. Was kann man in dieser Hinsicht von Mandelbrot-Fraktalen lernen? Welche Systeme der Welt sind irreduzibel? “Can one predict what will happen? No, there's what I call computational irreducibility: in effect the passage of time corresponds to an irreducible computation that we have to run to know how it will turn out.”, Stephen Wolfram Wie kann man feststellen, ob man ein kompliziertes oder komplexes Problem vor sich hat? Was sind »Inseln der Propheten«? Gibt es eine kognitive Täuschung in den Naturwissenschaften? Der US-amerikanische Wissenschaftsforscher John Ioannidis hält Menschen (und besonders auch Wissenschafter), die glauben, zu viel zu wissen, für eine große Gefahr. Schon der bedeutende Philosoph des 20. Jahrhunderts, Karl Popper, hat dies sehr deutlich ausgedrückt: »Jeder Intellektuelle hat eine ganz spezielle Verantwortung. Er hat das Privileg und die Gelegenheit, zu studieren. Dafür schuldet er es seinen Mitmenschen (oder der Gesellschaft), die Erkenntnisse seines Studiums in der einfachsten und klarsten und bescheidensten Form darzustellen. Das Schlimmste – eine Sünde gegen den heiligen Geist – ist, wenn die Intellektuellen es versuchen, sich ihren Mitmenschen gegenüber als große Propheten aufzuspielen und sie mit orakelnden Philosophien zu beeindrucken. Wer's nicht einfach und klar sagen kann, der soll schweigen und weiterarbeiten, bis er's klar sagen kann.«  Dann sprechen wir über den Laplacesche Dämon und was man von ihm über die Welt und die Entstehung der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung lernen kann?  Wie hat Urbain Le Verrier den Neptun vorhergesagt?  »Ich möchte, dass man das, was man weiß, und das, was man nicht weiß, deutlich voneinander unterscheidet.« Wie erkennt man einen Experten und wer repräsentiert Wissenschaft? Was sind Rückkopplung und Resonanz und warum ist es so entscheidend, diese Phänomene in komplexen Systemen zu verstehen? Wo sind die Grenzen eines Modells? Gibt es eine saubere Trennung zwischen Beobachter und Modell? Was sind Signaturen komplexer oder chaotischer Systeme? Begehen wir in der heutigen wissenschaftlichen Praxis zu häufig den Fehler »im Licht zu suchen«, statt dort, wo es sinnvoll wäre — besonders in den Bereichen, die man im weiteren Sinne als Data-Science bezeichnet? Man kann versuchen, die Welt zu verstehen, oder die lösbaren Probleme der Welt herauszupicken und daraus falsche Schlüsse über die Welt zu ziehen. Was ist die stoische Landkarte, wie kann und diese weiterhelfen? Hypothese ist immer vor der Empirie und damit bekommen begründete Vorannahmen eine wichtige Rolle im wissenschaftlichen Prozess.  Dazu kommt, dass es nie nur ein Modell gibt, das zu bestimmten Daten »passt«, dies wird auch als Duhem-Quine Hypothese bezeichnet. Was bedeutet dies am Beispiel der Klimamodellierung oder Wirtschaftsmodellen? Kann man die Inseln des Wissens von den Inseln des Unwissens unterscheiden? Welche Rolle spielen Vulkane und andere Naturkatastrophen? Warum ist die Energiewende in Deutschland schiefgegangen? »Am deutschen Wesen soll die Welt genesen...« Die Welt lernt in der Tat von Deutschland, aber wohl eher am Versagen Deutschlands. Das mag gut für die Welt sein, ist aber schlecht für Deutschland. Wie ist das dazu gekommen? Was sind »intellektuelle Insulaner«? Was sind Komplexitätsfallen – natürliche vs. künstliche — heute haben wir es mit beiden zu tun und einer Mischung/Interaktion von beiden? Noch kritischer sind hybride Komplexitätsfallen oder Komplexitätsmonster — wie kommen diese zustande? Was versteht man unter emergenten Effekten? Was sind existenzielle Risiken, und warum ist ein Fokus auf »Klima« kontraproduktiv — Carrington-Event als Beispiel. “There are no solutions, only tradeoffs”, Thomas Sowell Wie gehen wir als Individuen mit radikaler Unsicherheit in komplexen Systemen um? »We control nothing, but we influence everything«, Brian Klaas Was ist die richtige Balance zwischen Sicherheit und Unsicherheit? Ist diese erreichbar? »Die meisten Menschen wollen nicht in einer total vorhersagbaren Welt leben, auch wenn sie das behaupten.« Wie kommen wir als Gesellschaft wieder aus den zahlreichen schweren Problemen heraus, in denen wir uns in den letzten Jahren verstrickt haben? Offene Diskussion scheint das wesentlichste zu sein. Kontroverse steht im Zentrum von Wissenschaft und daraus folgt offener und kritischer gesellschaftlicher Diskurs.  Referenzen Andere Episoden Episode 107: How to Organise Complex Societies? A Conversation with Johan Norberg Episode 106: Wissenschaft als Ersatzreligion? Ein Gespräch mit Manfred Glauninger Episode 99: Entkopplung, Kopplung, Rückkopplung Episode 96: Ist der heutigen Welt nur mehr mit Komödie beizukommen? Ein Gespräch mit Vince Ebert Episode 94: Systemisches Denken und gesellschaftliche Verwundbarkeit, ein Gespräch mit Herbert Saurugg Episode 92: Wissen und Expertise Teil 2 Episode 90: Unintended Consequences (Unerwartete Folgen) Episode 86: Climate Uncertainty and Risk, a conversation with Dr. Judith Curry Episode 85: Naturalismus — was weiß Wissenschaft? Episode 80: Wissen, Expertise und Prognose, eine Reflexion Episode 79: Escape from Model Land, a Conversation with Dr. Erica Thompson Episode 76: Existentielle Risiken Episode 72: Scheitern an komplexen Problemen? Wissenschaft, Sprache und Gesellschaft — Ein Gespräch mit Jan David Zimmermann Episode 69: Complexity in Software Episode 68: Modelle und Realität, ein Gespräch mit Dr. Andreas Windisch Episode 36: Energiewende und Kernkraft, ein Gespräch mit Anna Veronika Wendland Episode 10: Komplizierte Komplexität Dr. Marco Wehr Marco Wehr auf LinkedIn Philosophisches Labor in Tübingen Marco Wehr, Komplexe neue Welt und wie wir lernen, damit klarzukommen, Galiani Berlin (2024) Fachliche Referenzen Steven Wolfram, How to Think Computationally about AI, the Universe and Everything (2023) Daphne Hruby, John Ioannidis: Das Gewissen der Wissenschaft, Ö1 Dimensionen (2024) Karl Popper, Auf der Suche nach einer besseren Welt (1987) Underdetermination of Scientific Theory, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2023) Franz Josef Radermacher, Global Energy Solutions Thomas Sowell, A Conflict of Visions: Ideological Origins of Political Struggles (1987) Brian Klaas, Fluke: Chance, Chaos, and Why Everything We Do Matters, John Murray (2024)

Mary Shelley was just 18 years old when the idea for Frankenstein struck her on a rainy night in Geneva, Switzerland. Cooped up on vacation with nonstop rain, famous poet Lord Byron had challenged the group of literary geniuses to come up with a ghost story. Mary struggled. She could think of nothing. Then one night, as she struggled to sleep, she was hit with what she referred to as a "waking dream." What followed would come to define the science fiction genre, both inspiring and horrifying readers for centuries to come. But who was Mary Shelley, the creator? Who was she to bear such a creature? How did she manage to embody all that horror, that pain, that grotesque abnormality, gothic morbidity? Well, the more you know about the life of Mary Shelley, the more it all makes sense. Let's fix that. Support the show! Join the PatreonBuy Me a CoffeeVenmo @Shea-LaFountaineSources: The New Yorker "The Strange and Twisted Life of 'Frankenstein'" New York State Library "Mary Shelley's Monster Turns 200"Wikipedia "Mary Shelley"Biography.com "Mary Shelley"Snopes "Did Mary Shelley Lose Her Virginity on Her Mother's Grave?"JSTOR "Mary Shelley's Obsession With the Cemetery"Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy "William Godwin"Shoot me a message!

On August 6, 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, instantly killing up to 80,000 civilians, with another 40,000 dying soon after from burns and radiation poisoning. The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki led to the surrender of the Japanese Army, marking the end of the most destructive war in history. War has been a constant throughout history. Since the dawn of agriculture, humans have waged war against one another. Some argue that war is ingrained in human nature, from our ancestors battling over resources and empires seeking expansion, to biblical genocides and acts of human sacrifice—Homo sapiens are seemingly insatiable for conflict. Others, however, believe war is not inevitable and that we have the capacity for humility, justice, and kindness without resorting to armed conflict. We must remember that explaining war is not the same as justifying it. While pacifism, as exemplified by Jesus and Gandhi, is often seen as noble, is non-violence truly effective against regimes intent on ethnic cleansing? If not, how do we determine when war is justified and what defines proportional force? Can the killing of innocent civilians ever be justified? And, if not, how do they differ from innocent combatants? War, huh, good god, what is it good for? Links A.C. Grayling, War: An Enquiry (book) Richard Overy, Why War? (book) Jeff Mcmahan, Killing in War (book) Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars (book) Carl von Clausewitz, On War (book) War, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

In this episode, we look into how we can learn from intentionally guiding our imagination while also looking into how much of the imagination operates outside of our conscious control. We also continue to explore the limits of imagination and how it can be used for both good and ill. Our guest scholar in this episode is Dr. Tamar Gendler, Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Vincent J. Scully Professor of Philosophy, and Professor of Psychology and Cognitive Science at Yale University. --- Dr. Tamar Szabó Gendler is Yale's Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, the Vincent J. Scully Professor of Philosophy, and Professor of Psychology and Cognitive Science. She holds a BA summa cum laude with Distinction in Humanities and in Mathematics-&-Philosophy from Yale University (1987) and a PhD in Philosophy from Harvard University (1996). After teaching at Syracuse and Cornell Universities for nearly a decade, she returned to Yale in 2006 as Professor of Philosophy and Chair of the Cognitive Science Program. In 2009-10, supported by the Mellon Foundation's New Directions program, she spent a year as a full-time student at Yale doing coursework in psychology, neuroscience, and statistics. In 2010, she was appointed Chair of the Yale philosophy department, becoming the first woman chair in the department's two-century history. In 2013, she was appointed Deputy Provost for Humanities and Initiatives, a position she held until she assumed her current role in 2014. As FAS Dean, Gendler has focused on building excellence and collaboration within and across traditional disciplinary boundaries throughout the divisions in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and across the university more broadly. Gendler's academic research brings together the techniques of traditional Anglo-American philosophy with empirical work from psychology and other social sciences; her interests include the relation between imagination and belief, the contrast between rational and non-rational persuasion, and the role of habits in shaping behavior and judgment. Many of these issues are explored in her Open Yale course, Philosophy and the Science of Human Nature. She also has interests in education policy and practice, and worked for several years after she graduated from Yale as an education policy analyst at the RAND Corporation. Gendler is the author of Intuition, Imagination, and Philosophical Methodology (Oxford, 2013), Thought Experiments: On the Powers and Limits of Imaginary Cases (Routledge, 2000), and co-editor of The Elements of Philosophy (Oxford 2008), Perceptual Experience (Oxford, 2006), Conceivability and Possibility (Oxford 2002), and the Oxford Handbook of Philosophical Methodology (Oxford 2016). ---While her full catalog of articles and books is far too long to list here, the publications below provide a useful introduction to her scholarship addressing the topic of imagination: Gendler, T. S. (2014). Thought experiment: On the powers and limits of imaginary cases. Routledge. Gendler, T. S. (2000). The puzzle of imaginative resistance. The Journal of Philosophy, 97(2), 55-81. Gendler, T. S., & Hawthorne, J. (Eds.). (2002). Conceivability and possibility. Clarendon Press. Liao, S. Y., & Gendler, T. (2019). Imagination. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. --- The Social Science for Public Good Podcast is a project of the Virginia Tech Institute for Policy and Governance and VT Publishing intended to make social science theories accessible and available to individuals and organizations seeking to promote social change. Music: purple-planet.com

On August 6, 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, instantly killing up to 80,000 civilians, with another 40,000 dying soon after from burns and radiation poisoning. The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki led to the surrender of the Japanese Army, marking the end of the most destructive war in history. War has been a constant throughout history. Since the dawn of agriculture, humans have waged war against one another. Some argue that war is ingrained in human nature, from our ancestors battling over resources and empires seeking expansion, to biblical genocides and acts of human sacrifice—Homo sapiens are seemingly insatiable for conflict. Others, however, believe war is not inevitable and that we have the capacity for humility, justice, and kindness without resorting to armed conflict. We must remember that explaining war is not the same as justifying it. While pacifism, as exemplified by Jesus and Gandhi, is often seen as noble, is non-violence truly effective against regimes intent on ethnic cleansing? If not, how do we determine when war is justified and what defines proportional force? Can the killing of innocent civilians ever be justified? And, if not, how do they differ from innocent combatants? War, huh, good god, what is it good for? Links A.C. Grayling, War: An Enquiry (book) Richard Overy, Why War? (book) Jeff Mcmahan, Killing in War (book) Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars (book) Carl von Clausewitz, On War (book) War, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

On August 6, 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, instantly killing up to 80,000 civilians, with another 40,000 dying soon after from burns and radiation poisoning. The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki led to the surrender of the Japanese Army, marking the end of the most destructive war in history. War has been a constant throughout history. Since the dawn of agriculture, humans have waged war against one another. Some argue that war is ingrained in human nature, from our ancestors battling over resources and empires seeking expansion, to biblical genocides and acts of human sacrifice—Homo sapiens are seemingly insatiable for conflict. Others, however, believe war is not inevitable and that we have the capacity for humility, justice, and kindness without resorting to armed conflict. We must remember that explaining war is not the same as justifying it. While pacifism, as exemplified by Jesus and Gandhi, is often seen as noble, is non-violence truly effective against regimes intent on ethnic cleansing? If not, how do we determine when war is justified and what defines proportional force? Can the killing of innocent civilians ever be justified? And, if not, how do they differ from innocent combatants? War, huh, good god, what is it good for? Links A.C. Grayling, War: An Enquiry (book) Richard Overy, Why War? (book) Jeff Mcmahan, Killing in War (book) Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars (book) Carl von Clausewitz, On War (book) War, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

“We tell ourselves stories in order to live,” goes the famous line from Joan Didion — but is it worth it? How do narratives help us make sense of our lives, and how might they be misleading? Advertisements these days are full of them, but can a company really have a story of its own? And could having “main character energy” actually indicate a fundamental philosophical problem?In this special live recording from the Lyceum Movement's Tallgrass Ideas Festival in Des Moines, Iowa, Sam was joined by Hannah Kim, philosopher at the University of Arizona and associate editor of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, to discuss why storytelling has become such a prominent part of our cultural conversation, the philosophy of stories and narratology, and dig into how “storification” can limit our ability to understand our own lives. Join the Crowd in getting the real story on stories themselves.Required Reading:* More about the Lyceum Movement.Wisdom of Crowds is a platform challenging premises and understanding first principles on politics and culture. Join us! This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit wisdomofcrowds.live/subscribe

This week, Keisha and Annanda explore AI and tech from the perspectives of the African diaspora in North America, in Europe, and continental Africa. We ask: Where's Africa in the story of AI? What does the diaspora have to say about inclusion in tech? Our featured guest is Mutale Nkonde (AI For the People), and we get into inclusion, colonialism, and what we can all learn from the Maori.SHOW NOTES Talk to us at Instagram (@moralrepairpodcast), on X (@moralrepair), and on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/moral-repair-podcast/  Follow Mutale Nkonde at AI for the People.  MIT Technology Review: “Africa's push to regulate AI starts now.” (March 2024) African Union: “African Ministers Adopt Landmark Continental Artificial Intelligence Strategy, African Digital Compact to drive Africa's Development and Inclusive Growth” (June 2024) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy on Anna Julia Cooper Combahee River Collective statement (1977) https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/combahee-river-collective-statement-1977/  China and African infrastructure projects: https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/26/china/china-african-loans-development-belt-and-road-intl-hnk/index.html

On this episode of Below the Radar, our host Am Johal is joined by Ellie Anderson, Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Pomona College, and co-host of the Overthink podcast. Ellie joins us to discuss how she got into philosophy and contemporary readings of Simone de Beauvoir's work. Full episode details: https://www.sfu.ca/vancity-office-community-engagement/below-the-radar-podcast/episodes/245-ellie-anderson.html Read the transcript: https://www.sfu.ca/vancity-office-community-engagement/below-the-radar-podcast/transcripts/245-ellie-anderson.html Resources: Ellie Anderson: https://www.ellieandersonphd.com/ Ellie Anderson's work: https://pomona.academia.edu/EllieAnderson Overthink podcast: https://overthinkpodcast.com/ Bio: Ellie Anderson is a philosopher with expertise in feminist theory, existentialism, phenomenology, and philosophy of race. She is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Pomona College and co-host of Overthink podcast. An internationally recognized specialist on love, dating, sexual consent, ethical non-monogamy (including open relationships and polyamory), and selfhood, Ellie is published in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Hypatia, Continental Philosophy Review, Forge Magazine, and more. She is currently working on a book. Cite this episode: Chicago Style Johal, Am. “Reading Simone de Beauvoir — with Ellie Anderson.” Below the Radar, SFU's Vancity Office of Community Engagement. Podcast audio, July 9, 2024. https://www.sfu.ca/vancity-office-community-engagement/below-the-radar-podcast/episodes/245-ellie-anderson.html.

Dnes sa rozprávam s filozofom a učiteľom Jánom Hreškom a tu je malá ochutnávka z otázok nášho rozhovoru:----more----   Kto bol Emmanuel Levinas a prečo je dnes, v dobe sociálnych sietí a spoloočenskej  polarizácie, jeho chápanie slobody nadmieru aktuálne? Prečo je podľa neho chybné vnímať slobodu druhého ako narušenie tej mojej? A akým spôsobom mi druhý človek vyjavuje jeho autentickú slobodu cez svoju tvár?   Pred samotným rozhovorom mi dovoľte môjho hosťa predstaviť:   Ján Hreško je slovenský filozof a učiteľ základov humanitnej vzdelanosti. Pochádza zo Sniny. Vyštudoval učiteľstvo histórie a filozofie na Katolíckej univerzite v Ružomberku, absolvoval študijné a výskumné pobyty v Českej republike, Británii a New Yorku, a doktorát z filozofie získal na Karlovej univerzite v Prahe obhájením práce o Levinasovej slobode (publikovaná 2023). Píše eseje i odborné články o filozofii výchovy, etike a hermeneutike. Momentálne vyučuje online na Vyššej odbornej škole publicistiky v Prahe, kde rozvíja koncept čítania veľkých diel a s manželkou tancuje a žije v Bardejovských Kúpeľoch. Súvisiace dávky:   PD#310: Je Slavoj Žižek reinkarnácia Sokrata?, http://bit.ly/davka310 PD#301: Byung-Chul Han: Ako nevyhorieť vo vyhorenej spoločnosti, http://bit.ly/davka301 PD#299: Byung-Chul Han: Žijeme v dobe konzumného narcizmu, http://bit.ly/davka299  PD#275: Simone Weil: Trpíme pandémiou nepozornosti, http://bit.ly/davka275 PD#209: Liberalizmus a jeho sloboda, http://bit.ly/davka209 PD#196: Jan Sokol a sloboda ako púšť, obchod a hra, http://bit.ly/davka196 PD#17: John Stuart Mill o slobode, http://bit.ly/davka17     V rozhovore zaznelo alebo odporúčame:    Hreško, Levinasova ľudská sloboda (Karolinum, 2023)    Bergo, "Emmanuel Levinas", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2019) Levinas, "Levinas on the Face" (Philosophy Overdose, 2021) Morgan (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Levinas (OUP, 2018) Morgan, The Cambridge Introduction to Emmanuel Levinas (CUP, 2012) Peperzak, To The Other: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas (Purdue, 2010) Fagenblat, Erdur (eds.), Levinas and Analytic Philosophy: Second-Person Normativity and the Moral Life (Routledge, 2020)   ***   Baví ťa s nami rozmýšľať? Podpor našu tvorbu priamo na SK1283605207004206791985 alebo cez Patreon (https://bit.ly/PDtreon), kde Ťa odmeníme aj my.

In der ersten Folge der neuen Staffel stürzen wir uns gleich in ein neues Abenteuer! In dieser Folge klären wir, was das genuin Menschliche an der Kommunikation ist und wie sich diese von der Kommunikation mit Maschinen – der heute so zahlreich erwähnten künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) – unterscheidet. Um diese spannende und zugegebenermaßen philosophische Frage zu beantworten, blicken wir in die Sprechakttheorie nach Austin und Searle. Diese besagt, dass wir mit Sprache handeln und mit jeder sprachlichen Äußerung unsere Intentionen verfolgen. Doch wie ist das, wenn wir mit KI chatten oder sprechen? Kann die KI sprachlich Handeln oder ist sie nichts weiteres als ein Replikat #BladeRunner?Diese Frage und die Gefahren, die mit einem unreflektierten Umgang mit der KI einhergehen können, diskutieren wir in der neuesten Folge #Sprachpfade. Hört rein, um mehr über unseren Sprachgebrauch zu erfahren und spannende Anwendungsfelder der Linguistik kennenzulernen.___Ein Podcast von Anton und Jakob. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sprachpfade ___Hier geht's zum Podcast Geschichten aus der Geschichte: https://www.geschichte.fm/___Wissenschaftliche LiteraturCole, David. 2023. The Chinese Room Argument. In Edward N. Zalta & Uri Nodelman (eds.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Summer 2023. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2023/entries/chinese-room/. (21. 04. 2024).Finkbeiner, Rita. 2015. Einführung in die Pragmatik (Einführung Germanistik). Darmstadt: WBG, (Wiss. Buchges.).Searle, John R. 1980. Minds, brains, and programs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3(3). 417–424. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00005756.Fürs kleine "Schauen":Gert Scobel (12.03.2020): „Können Computer denken? Das Chinesische Zimmer", in: Sockel, URL: https://youtu.be/eS1B348jdmc?si=yepZtCewn9znbgyU (15.04.2024).Zitate aus der Presse:Roberto Simanowski (03.04.2024): „Wie Sprachassistenten das Denken manipulieren“, in: Deutschlandfunkkultur, URL: (15.04.2024).Michael Wooldridge (17.05.2023): "ChatGPT is not “true AI.” A computer scientist explains why", in: Big Think, URL: https://bigthink.com/the-future/artificial-general-intelligence-true-ai/ (21.04.2024).Cal Newport (13.04.2023): "What Kind of Mind Does ChatGPT Have?", in: The New Yorker, URL: https://www.newyorker.com/science/annals-of-artificial-intelligence/what-kind-of-mind-does-chatgpt-have (21.04.2024).Alle Bücher ausleihbar in deiner nächsten Bibliothek! ___Gegenüber Themenvorschlägen für die kommenden Ausflüge in die Sprachwissenschaft und Anregungen jeder Art sind wir stets offen. Wir freuen uns auf euer Feedback! Schreibt uns dazu einfach an oder in die DMs: anton.sprachpfade@protonmail.com oder jakob.sprachpfade@protonmail.com ___ Artwork und Musik von Elias Kündiger https://on.soundcloud.com/ySNQ6

“When your determination changes, everything will begin to move in the direction you desire.  The moment you resolve to be victorious, every nerve and fiber in your being will immediately orient itself toward your success.  On the other hand if you think “this will never work out,” then at that instant every cell in your being will be deflated and give up the fight. Everything then will move in the direction of failure.  I want you to understand the subtle workings of the mind.  How you orient your mind, the kind of attitude you have, greatly influences both yourself and your environment.”   This quote is from Daisaku Ikeda, former president of Soka Gakkai International, the largest and most diverse lay organization of Buddhist practitioners in the world. And it has been on or by my desk for at least 10 years. And I'm pretty sure that I first scribbled it down over 20 years ago when I first moved to Seattle, Washington in 2005.  Now after 13 years of studying esoterics and metaphysics it still rings true it just has so many additional levels of meaning and truth.   Forbes Magazine recently stated that - “intention is a critical factor in achieving success…It provides a purposeful and strategic approach to navigating life's complexities and a guiding force propelling you toward a future of purpose, genuineness and success.” the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy shares that  Intention is “mental directedness towards objects, as if the mind were construed as a mental bow whose arrows could be properly aimed at different targets.”  The key here that unlocks the Power of Intention is the alignment and purposeful direction of your thoughts and actions toward a desire that you really want to achieve in your life. A prerequisite then for this alignment is you must know for yourself what you desire. What do you really want for your life?  Where do your passions lie? What gives you a sense of true fulfillment? If you do not know what you want and desire in the heart of your hearts then it is really going to be hard to align your thoughts and actions to make that desire happen. And you never unlock the true power of intention.   The definition of intentional according to Webster's dictionary is “Done on purpose; deliberate.” Synonyms include “Conscious, Willed and Purposeful.”   In my esoteric and Kabbalistic training we are taught that the Magickian or Alchemist uses their imagination to clearly identify and describe their specific desire, and then they must set their intention, concentration and will upon the appropriate object.  None of this saying "Walk around your life like a zombie doing whatever everyone else says you should do.”  In fact, it is specifically the opposite.  Intention is “thinking ahead and making choices based on personal beliefs, values, and goals.”  Not acting on impulse, but planning ahead to choose things that create a positive impact for your life and the things you value.  Okay, okay, Angel, you might be saying.  Great, be more positive. Be more intentional.  Those are great buzzwords but how do I do that? But that's just it.  I'm not telling you to BE MORE positive, or BE MORE Intentional.  That would be me “shoulding” on you.  Instead I'm giving you an equation that if you choose to follow it for yourself - your thoughts and actions will be the cause that results in the effect of an intentional life.  And that intentional life of thinking and doing on purpose with purpose will result in you achieving more of what you actually want, desire and desire, which will result in you feeling more fulfillment and joy and gratitude for what you have and have been able to accomplish.  Which will fuel more gratitude, and more ability to to be intentional.  It is a positive cycle of cause and effect which will in turn result in you becoming positive and living a more joyful life.  No shoulding needed. Because you will be doing it. And that is the most important thing.  So let's review the equation that allows you to unlock the Power of Intentional creation in your life.  Step one and the foundational piece is that you need to get clear on what it is you want and desire in your life.  What do you really want for you? All studies and literature on this point to you identifying for you what brings you joy and passion. (not simply what brings you momentary pleasure) But what are your values, what gives you a sense of fulfillment?  What feels purposeful?  Now if you are at this step (step one) and already stuck, don't worry.  Start small. Identify a very short term clear achievable thing you would like in your life that you personally would feel good about if you accomplished.  This can be very selfish (or may feel selfish and that is ok, we have to start somewhere). So this could be taking a weekend trip to a place you want to see.  Or paying off a credit card. Balancing your budget. Cleaning your garage. Going to the gym two or three times a week.  If you allow yourself to hear what you want to do for yourself the answer is there.  Feel out your desires, your intuition and higher self are telling you every day what you actually want.  Another technique to get there is to attend a meditation or listen to a meditation app.  This act of meditating is going to create space in your monkey mind as in it's going to quiet the noise so you can actually hear what your higher self is saying.  But meditation aside - just ask yourself what do I actually want?  And be honest with yourself.  Stop denying your inner voice and desire.  Listen.  You know the answer.   You must get past step one in order to harness the power of intention.  You have to have an appropriate and specific objective to focus on.  A place to point your mental bow and arrow.  And you really have to actually want it or else you will not be able to focus on it or determine to create it or achieve it without desire.  Once you have step one.  The thing you desire to achieve then you can begin step two, which is the alignment of your thoughts toward the achievement of the objective.  If you go back to season one episode two or three I speak to this.  The 4 worlds.  1. Idea 2. Thought 3. plan  4. Action.  This is always the path to intentional creation.  In this case Idea = Your desired objective (identifying what you want, specifically). Thought = alignment of your thoughts.  “I am going to create this and I am committed to taking steps to do it.  I am determined and won't give up.”  Then 3. Plan!  Yes, what are the microsteps and daily intentions you are going to take until you reach what it is you desire?  What is your daily routine going to be?  How are you going to prioritize your time and perhaps even block your time to ensure you have the time to do the things necessary.  Then finally Action = which equals action is alignment with your thoughts and doing the things you have planned to do such that it results in the thing you desire.  So, this is your equation to harness the power of intention.  Alignment and purposeful direction of your thoughts and actions toward a specific desired objective.  Now, intentionality is a practice like any other skill. It will take practice before it is second nature and then it is never going to be autonomous programming/ habitual because it is specifically the opposite of automatic/without thought/habit/subconscious doing.  Because you are specifically choosing to be intentional and choosing a disciplined set of daily rituals to move your life in a positive direction and accomplish not only goals but personal development and progression.   So, it is going to take the specific application of daily consistent effort, but it will be effort that brings you joy and satisfaction and stress reduction versus jogging on the hamster wheel of purposeless action.   So, let me tell you about the power of intention. Once upon a time I was a very unhappy lawyer working in the corporate realm.  I believed in nothing woo woo like energy healing and I even thought things like power of intention or positive thinking were a pile of huey. I read the quote from Daisaku Ikeda (I was practicing buddhism at the time) and thought how nice it would be to have something to be determined about. I was stressed out, tired all the time and suffered from chronic anxiety and itching because I had a body wide candida infection and no idea.  The doctors I talked to were like “shrug. There is nothing wrong with you.  You must have chronic fatigue.”  I was 27 years old and tired of being tired. I had no purpose.  I had accomplished everything I was supposed to do in life (college, law school, a job in a law firm).  But as a reward I hated my job, was sick, bored and generally meh about the whole thing that was my life.  There was nothing I enjoyed doing besides drinking and listening to music with my friends - but that wasn't making me happy or feeling any better. Then a friend introduced me to the practice I now do and teach in the Empower Thyself class & initiation.  And I completely ignored her for like 4 or more years.  Because I am a hard head stubbornly attached to my suffering like many logic and achievement driven attorneys I know.  But I eventually caved because I needed a change so badly.  And I saw a change in my friend who took the class.  So it couldn't hurt right?  Well, it could.  I saw the loss of what I considered a crazy investment of money and time into some spiritual, mindful, wellness, blah, blah, blah, bullshit.  But I cringed and took the chance and invested my $ into the process.  And most of what I learned in that first weekend I dismissed as complete Fooey. How could daily affirmations and intentional statements and some meditations help anything I was facing?  I had medical problems and career problems and satisfaction problems.  But I did believe in testing things to see if they worked.  I paid for the class after all.  I might as well try what I paid for and put it to use.  So I started doing the daily rituals and asking for specific things to come into my life.  And after a while (not overnight and not immediately, but over time) I started to see shifts, and started to be a little different.  One big change was that I started choosing to do things that I enjoyed for the sheer sake of doing them.  I really liked writing and traveling and food.  So I started a food and travel blog.  And I made an editorial calendar and I created content on that calendar.  I planned trips to create more content for the blog and because I wanted to travel.  My boyfriend/partner at the time thought I was being irresponsible and that Id turned crazy on him because I didn't just stay home and drink wine and make him dinner anymore.  And eventually that relationship changed/ended because we became different people.  I chose then to move to a nicer big light filled house, and the toxic people in my life started falling away, and my health got better, and my boundaries got better, and I actually started being happy and finding purpose in working with people as a healer and as an attorney.  I started actually charging for my services in a way that brought me abundance so I could invest more in myself and in things I enjoyed and wanted to explore.  I started having opinions about areas I held expertise and I didn't stress about it.  I stopped worrying about everything and what everyone thought I should do with my life.  Until eventually I intentionally decided to launch my own business and leave my corporate environment all together.   But honestly the biggest shift was the daily investment in intentional choice.  I chose to do something every day and make small changes.  Then I grew the courage to start choosing things that I was passionate about instead of continuing on the path of SHOULD (what I thought other people wanted me to do, or what one should do to live a successful life).  Shoulding was killing me slowly.  Drinking and chronic purposelessness was causing me illness, not fulfillment.  So the biggest shift was the little shift in me identifying a passion and doing something that brought me joy.  Then taking baby steps to accomplish that.  Eventually all those microsteps led me to be able to make bigger choices about my life and find my actual purpose that keeps me going on a grander scale.  I can read Daisaku Ikeda's words about determination today and understand hermetically with my actual life what he is talking about - because I am living purposefully and actualizing the Power of Intention in my life every day.   But it all started with step one.  Me identifying something I desired and that I was passionate about.  So for our exercise this month that is your homework assignment.  What are you passionate about?  What brings you joy?  Not momentary pleasure. What is something that if you did it you would feel really fulfilled internally?  Not something you Should achieve.  But simply something that you want. You are going to delve into your heart of hearts and be honest with yourself.  You know what you desire.  Go inside and listen to yourself and figure it out.  Then write it down.  Articulate what you desire and specifically want for yourself and write it on a piece of paper.  Then bonus - do a vision board.  Make this desire visual so you are really clear what it looks like.  Because if you are really clear about it, and really want it, and are really passionate about it - you are going to have the motivation to align your thoughts to take action.  You will create a plan, even if that is baby steps you are going to take every day to achieve that thing.  You are going to focus your attention and will upon an appropriate object such to manifest it in your life.  And when you do you are going to celebrate it.  And maybe even tell me about it.  And if you are truly stuck - reach out! I can help with that!  Let's get you on your path to purpose, joy and harnessing the power of intention. 

In this special English episode, previously published in Persian, we celebrate International Women´s Day by taking a look at the character of Antigone in Greek mythology. Remembering Mahsa (Jina) Amini and the Iranian "Woman, Life, Freedom" movement we consider how a woman can stand against political power, and how this feminine resistance can be interpreted in ethical and social terms ... Creator: Sohrab mosaheB Production Team in 2023: Faraz Mohseni, Kiana Yaghchian, Saoshyant Shahryari Host: Agira Guest Narrators: Negar SaberRezayi, Sohrab Mosahebi Dedicated to all brave women of all the Eastern countries. Music (in order of coming up): 1. Mikis Theodorakis / Greek folk music No.3 2. سرود برابری / زنان ایران 3. This is a Man´s World / James Brown Resources: · Allen, A. (Fall  2022 Edition). Feminist Perspectives on Power. Retrieved 02 22, 2023,  from The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy:  https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2022/entries/feminist-power/ · Encyclopedia Britannica, T.  (2022, 10 10). Antigone. Retrieved from Britannica:  https://www.britannica.com/topic/Antigone-Greek-mythology · Sophocles. (1906). Antigone. (R. Whitelaw, Trans.) Oxford: Clarendon Press. Retrieved from  https://books.googleusercontent.com/books/content?req=AKW5QafUp_OM3ClPa4NMBzXH15zm4RHzrt9WZaGXS3tKXRdo5RHPt83pb7Uj7_Yu3cy-HpCwQJ9THH876w0oq64SNf1MfKI5Ekb-MO2BFPPQB-Kfbfxypn_CKoE73nCIo3FzMiFqGKiRI2yV7khxDID-d6gXBwUbw8Cpz8tUbxoscDST9UDJa_nS7tcTDc7OLyTtjUdnd · سپیده رشنو به طور موقت آزاد شد. (2022, 08 30). Retrieved from  وبسایت صدای آمریکا:  https://ir.voanews.com/a/sepideh-rashnou-mandatory-hijab-release/6722369.html · صد روزی که «شعار زن، زندگی، آزادی» ایران را لرزاند. (2023, 01 05).  Retrieved from BBC Persian:  https://www.bbc.com/persian/blog-viewpoints-64160746 · فارسی, م. و. (2022, 02 18). فمینیسم سوسیالیستی. Retrieved 02 22, 2023, from ویکی‌پدیای فارسی:  https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C Financial Support for Radio Chista

En este episodio especial en Español, publicado previamente en Persa, celebramos el Día Internacional de la Mujer echando un vistazo al personaje de Antígona en la mitología griega. Recordando a Mahsa (Jina) Amini y el movimiento iraní "Mujer, Vida, Libertad", consideramos cómo una mujer puede oponerse al poder político, y cómo esta resistencia femenina puede interpretarse en ético y estudios sociales ... Creador: ⁠Sohrab mosaheB⁠ Equipo de producción en 2023: Faraz Mohseni, Kiana Yaghchian, Saoshyant Shahryari Oradora: Vanessa Rossi Estrada Dedicado a todas las mujeres valientes de todos los países del Este. Música (en orden de aparición): 1. Mikis Theodorakis / Música folclórica griega n.º 3 2. Creo En Mi / Natalia Jiménez 3. This is a Man's World / James Brown Recursos: · Allen, A. (Fall  2022 Edition). Feminist Perspectives on Power. Retrieved 02 22, 2023,  from The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy:  https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2022/entries/feminist-power/ · Encyclopedia Britannica, T.  (2022, 10 10). Antigone. Retrieved from Britannica:  https://www.britannica.com/topic/Antigone-Greek-mythology · Sophocles. (1906). Antigone. (R. Whitelaw, Trans.) Oxford: Clarendon Press. Retrieved from  https://books.googleusercontent.com/books/content?req=AKW5QafUp_OM3ClPa4NMBzXH15zm4RHzrt9WZaGXS3tKXRdo5RHPt83pb7Uj7_Yu3cy-HpCwQJ9THH876w0oq64SNf1MfKI5Ekb-MO2BFPPQB-Kfbfxypn_CKoE73nCIo3FzMiFqGKiRI2yV7khxDID-d6gXBwUbw8Cpz8tUbxoscDST9UDJa_nS7tcTDc7OLyTtjUdnd · سپیده رشنو به طور موقت آزاد شد. (2022, 08 30). Retrieved from  وبسایت صدای آمریکا:  https://ir.voanews.com/a/sepideh-rashnou-mandatory-hijab-release/6722369.html · صد روزی که «شعار زن، زندگی، آزادی» ایران را لرزاند. (2023, 01 05).  Retrieved from BBC Persian:  https://www.bbc.com/persian/blog-viewpoints-64160746 · فارسی, م. و. (2022, 02 18). فمینیسم سوسیالیستی. Retrieved 02 22, 2023, from ویکی‌پدیای فارسی:  https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C ⁠⁠حمایت مالی از پادکست⁠⁠

On Presidents Day 2024, NCC President and CEO Jeffrey Rosen launched his new book at the NCC in conversation with Jeffrey Goldberg, editor in chief of The Atlantic. They discuss The Pursuit of Happiness: How Classical Writers on Virtue Inspired the Lives of the Founders and Defined America. This program was recorded live on February 19, 2024, and presented in partnership with The Atlantic.  Additional Resources:   Jeffrey Rosen, The Pursuit of Happiness: How Classical Writers on Virtue Inspired the Lives of the Founders and Defined America (2024)  Cicero, The Tusculan Disputations (ca. 45 BC)  The Quill Project   The King James Bible (1611)  Pythagoras, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy   The Webster-Hayne Debates   Trump v. Anderson  “Should President Trump Be Allowed on the 2024 Ballot?,” We the People podcast (Jan. 11, 2024)  “Rhetoric of Freedom,” The Atlantic (Sept. 1999)  Stay Connected and Learn More Continue the conversation on Facebook and Twitter using @ConstitutionCtr. Sign up to receive Constitution Weekly, our email roundup of constitutional news and debate, at bit.ly/constitutionweekly. Please subscribe to Live at the National Constitution Center and our companion podcast We the People on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or your favorite podcast app.

On Presidents' Day 2024, NCC President & CEO Jeffrey Rosen launched his new book at the NCC in conversation with Jeffrey Goldberg, Editor-in-Chief of The Atlantic. They discuss The Pursuit of Happiness: How Classical Writers on Virtue Inspired the Lives of the Founders and Defined America. This program was recorded live on February 19, 2024, and presented in partnership with The Atlantic.  Resources:  Jeffrey Rosen, The Pursuit of Happiness: How Classical Writers on Virtue Inspired the Lives of the Founders and Defined America (2024)  Cicero, The Tusculan Disputations  (ca. 45 BC)  The Quill Project   The King James Bible (1611)  Pythagoras, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy   The Webster-Hayne Debates   Trump v. Anderson  “Should President Trump Be Allowed on the 2024 Ballot?,” We the People podcast (Jan. 11, 2024)  “Rhetoric of Freedom,” The Atlantic (Sept. 1999)  Questions or comments about the show? Email us at podcast@constitutioncenter.org.  Continue today's conversation on Facebook and Twitter using @ConstitutionCtr.  Sign up to receive Constitution Weekly, our email roundup of constitutional news and debate, at bit.ly/constitutionweekly.  You can find transcripts for each episode on the podcast pages in our Media Library.

This week, Emily Bazelon, John Dickerson, and David Plotz discuss the Republicans' beginning and end of both the border bill and the impeachment of Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas; the criminal conviction of a mother for a school shooting by her son; and the D.C. Circuit Court decision on presidential immunity and the Supreme Court argument on the presidential ballot.    Here are some notes and references from this week's show: Rachael Bade for Politico: Schumer presses forward with Ukraine Plan B as GOP leaders reel and Burgess Everett: Behind the border mess: Open GOP rebellion against McConnell Cleve R. Wootson Jr. for The Washington Post: Biden vows to make GOP defeat of a conservative border bill a campaign issue and Jacqueline Alemany, Amy B Wang, Marianna Sotomayor, and Paul Kane: In stunning vote, House Republicans fail to impeach Secretary Mayorkas Former Rep. Charlie Stenholm in The Hill in 2015: How Tip O'Neill and Ronald Reagan would make this Congress work Tresa Baldas for the Detroit Free Press: Jennifer Crumbley guilty: Understanding involuntary manslaughter charge, possible sentenceand Paul Egan: Michigan's gun laws change: Background checks, storage, temporary removal Michael Barbaro and Lisa Miller for The New York Times The Daily podcast: A Guilty Verdict for a Mass Shooter's Mother Rachel Weiner for The Washington Post: Trump has no immunity from Jan. 6 prosecution, appeals court rules Ian Millhiser for Vox: The Supreme Court is about to decide whether to sabotage Trump's election theft trial Amy Howe for SCOTUSblog: Supreme Court to decide whether insurrection provision keeps Trump off ballot   Here are this week's chatters: John: Ian Sample for The Guardian: AI helps scholars read scroll buried when Vesuvius erupted in AD79; Pierina Pighi Bel for the BBC: Bodegas: The small corner shops that run NYC; David Blank in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Philodemus; Moss and Fog; and Institute of Politics at Harvard Kennedy School: Theodore H. White Lecture with John Dickerson Emily: Sofia Resnick for News From The States: Study cited by Texas judge in abortion pill case retracted and Sage Publishing: A note from Sage on retractions in Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology David: Patrick Radden Keefe for The New Yorker: A Teen's Fatal Plunge Into The London Underworld Listener chatter from Patrick Johnson in Anchorage, Alaska: Rhonda McBride for KNBA - Anchorage: Anchorage's white raven becomes a local legend as a tracked trickster   For this week's Slate Plus bonus segment, David, John, and Emily discuss “Fast Car,” Tracy Chapman's 1988 original, and Luke Combs's 2023 cover.   In the latest Gabfest Reads, John talks with Brad Stulberg about his book, Master of Change: How to Excel When Everything Is Changing – Including You.   Email your chatters, questions, and comments to gabfest@slate.com. (Messages may be referenced by name unless the writer stipulates otherwise.) Podcast production by Cheyna Roth  Research by Julie Huygen Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week, Emily Bazelon, John Dickerson, and David Plotz discuss the Republicans' beginning and end of both the border bill and the impeachment of Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas; the criminal conviction of a mother for a school shooting by her son; and the D.C. Circuit Court decision on presidential immunity and the Supreme Court argument on the presidential ballot.    Here are some notes and references from this week's show: Rachael Bade for Politico: Schumer presses forward with Ukraine Plan B as GOP leaders reel and Burgess Everett: Behind the border mess: Open GOP rebellion against McConnell Cleve R. Wootson Jr. for The Washington Post: Biden vows to make GOP defeat of a conservative border bill a campaign issue and Jacqueline Alemany, Amy B Wang, Marianna Sotomayor, and Paul Kane: In stunning vote, House Republicans fail to impeach Secretary Mayorkas Former Rep. Charlie Stenholm in The Hill in 2015: How Tip O'Neill and Ronald Reagan would make this Congress work Tresa Baldas for the Detroit Free Press: Jennifer Crumbley guilty: Understanding involuntary manslaughter charge, possible sentenceand Paul Egan: Michigan's gun laws change: Background checks, storage, temporary removal Michael Barbaro and Lisa Miller for The New York Times The Daily podcast: A Guilty Verdict for a Mass Shooter's Mother Rachel Weiner for The Washington Post: Trump has no immunity from Jan. 6 prosecution, appeals court rules Ian Millhiser for Vox: The Supreme Court is about to decide whether to sabotage Trump's election theft trial Amy Howe for SCOTUSblog: Supreme Court to decide whether insurrection provision keeps Trump off ballot   Here are this week's chatters: John: Ian Sample for The Guardian: AI helps scholars read scroll buried when Vesuvius erupted in AD79; Pierina Pighi Bel for the BBC: Bodegas: The small corner shops that run NYC; David Blank in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Philodemus; Moss and Fog; and Institute of Politics at Harvard Kennedy School: Theodore H. White Lecture with John Dickerson Emily: Sofia Resnick for News From The States: Study cited by Texas judge in abortion pill case retracted and Sage Publishing: A note from Sage on retractions in Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology David: Patrick Radden Keefe for The New Yorker: A Teen's Fatal Plunge Into The London Underworld Listener chatter from Patrick Johnson in Anchorage, Alaska: Rhonda McBride for KNBA - Anchorage: Anchorage's white raven becomes a local legend as a tracked trickster   For this week's Slate Plus bonus segment, David, John, and Emily discuss “Fast Car,” Tracy Chapman's 1988 original, and Luke Combs's 2023 cover.   In the latest Gabfest Reads, John talks with Brad Stulberg about his book, Master of Change: How to Excel When Everything Is Changing – Including You.   Email your chatters, questions, and comments to gabfest@slate.com. (Messages may be referenced by name unless the writer stipulates otherwise.) Podcast production by Cheyna Roth  Research by Julie Huygen Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Frederick Douglass, the former slave who escaped, bought his freedom, and went on to change the course of history. Douglass played a pivotal role in making the Emancipation Proclamation a reality, bringing about the Union victory in the civil war, and bringing down the institution of slavery for good.This is the second episode of the Black History Month series. Enjoy!Your listen next list: Should We Celebrate Fourth of July When So Much Needs to Change? on Apple & SpotifyThe War Within Antiracism: Why the Movement is Divided on Apple & SpotifyTo support Marie and get exclusive resources, head to patreon.com/mariebeech. To learn more about Marie's DEI services, head to mariebeecham.com.Sources: Smithsonian, Frederick Douglass (Our American Story); Britannica, Biography of Frederick Douglass; National Parks Service, Frederick Douglass National Historic Site; Freedom Center, Agitation and Activism: The Life and Legacy of Frederick Douglass; Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Frederick Douglass.

To kick off a new year, April looks at the impact that the emotion of gratitude can have on our mental, emotional, and even physical health. The message here is--the better you feel about yourself and the world around you, the better your cognitive processes will be.Episode 33 Show NotesThe Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy's article on gratitude is, um, kinda deep and intense (and hard to read), but then, it IS the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, so...https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/gratitude/What gratitude is, and some ways to show it:https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/your-wise-brain/202102/how-show-gratitudeLinkedIn article about gratitude in the workplace:https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/power-thank-you-how-engage-your-company-gratitude-/Glenn Fox on gratitude:https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/what_can_the_brain_reveal_about_gratitudeA.J. Jacob's wonderful gratitude journey:https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/brainstorm/201811/adventures-in-gratitudeI reference Kendra Cherry a lot, because her articles are always spot on:https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-gratitude-5206817#History%20of%20GratitudeRobert Emmons discusses gratitude: https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/topic/gratitude/definitionInteresting article about how gratitude evolved:https://grateful.org/resource/the-evolution-of-gratitude/How practicing gratitude affects the brain:https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/how_gratitude_changes_you_and_your_brainAnother great article about neuroscience and gratitude:https://positivepsychology.com/neuroscience-of-gratitude/This article focuses on the importance of gratitude in our lives:https://positivepsychology.com/gratitude-appreciation/#:~:text=Many%20of%20us%20express%20gratitude%20by,emotion%20that%20serves%20a%20biological%20purpose.&text=Many%20of%20us%20express,serves%20a%20biological%20purpose.&text=us%20express%20gratitude%20by,emotion%20that%20serves%20a

Chike Jeffers is Associate Professor in the Department of Philosophy at Dalhousie University, where he researches Africana philosophy, the philosophy of race, social and political philosophy, and ethics. Lucius Outlaw is Professor of Philosophy Emeritus and W. Alton Jones Chair Emeritus in the Philosophy Department at Vanderbilt University, where he researches African, Africana, continental, social, and political philosophy. Both Chike and Lou have written widely on African and Africana philosophy, which form the subject of this episode. More particularly, Robinson, Chike, and Lou discuss the origin of Africana philosophy in the diaspora, violence in Africana philosophy, and the role of aesthetics in the tradition. For background, check out Lou's article on Africana Philosophy in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, and Chike's work with Peter Adamson and Jonardon Ganeri on the History of Indian and Africana Philosophy Podcast. History of Indian and Africana Philosophy Podcast: https://historyofphilosophy.net/series/africana-philosophy Africana Philosophy on the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/africana/ OUTLINE 00:00 In This Episode 00:52 Introduction 03:14 What Is Africana Philosophy? 30:16 Distinguishing African and Africana Philosophy 37:16 Violence in Africana Philosophy 01:04:44 Aesthetics and Africana Philosophy 01:28:17 Final Thoughts Robinson's Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University. Join him in conversations with philosophers, scientists, weightlifters, artists, and everyone in-between.  --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/robinson-erhardt/support

The world is changing fast. Technology can be used to empower us -- and also to hack our brains & our lives. What laws do we need to protect our freedoms? Rahul Matthan joins Amit Varma in episode 360 of The Seen and the Unseen to share his work on privacy -- and on a new, subtle approach towards data governance. (FOR FULL LINKED SHOW NOTES, GO TO SEENUNSEEN.IN.)   Also check out: 1. Rahul Matthan on Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, Trilegal, Substack and his own website. 2. Privacy 3.0: Unlocking Our Data-Driven Future -- Rahul Matthan. 3. The Third Way: India's Revolutionary Approach to Data Governance -- Rahul Matthan. 4. The Life and Times of KP Krishnan -- Episode 355 of The Seen and the Unseen. 5. Sudhir Sarnobat Works to Understand the World -- Episode 350 of The Seen and the Unseen. 6. Roam Research. 7. Zettelkasten on Wikipedia. 8. Tana, Obsidian and Notion. 9. Getting Things Done -- David Allen. 10. The Greatest Productivity Mantra: Kaator Re Bhaaji! -- Episode 11 of Everything is Everything. 11. Hallelujah (Spotify) (YouTube) -- Leonard Cohen. 12. Hallelujah (Spotify) (YouTube) -- Jeff Buckley. 13. The Holy or the Broken: Leonard Cohen, Jeff Buckley, and the Unlikely Ascent of "Hallelujah" -- Alan Light. 14. Hallelujah on Revisionist History by Malcolm Gladwell. 15. Bird by Bird: Some Instructions on Writing and Life -- Anne Lamott. 16. The New Basement Tapes. (Also Wikipedia.) 17. Kansas City -- Marcus Mumford. 18. The Premium Mediocre Life of Maya Millennial -- Venkatesh Rao. 19. Vitalik Buterin Fights the Dragon-Tyrant — Episode 342 of The Seen and the Unseen. 20. Paul Graham on Twitter and his own website. (His essays are extraordinary.) 21. Ribbonfarm by Venkatesh Rao. 22. The Network State --  Balaji Srinivasan. 23. Marc Andreessen on Twitter. 24. The Techno-Optimist Manifesto -- Marc Andreessen. 25. Siddhartha Mukherjee and Carlo Rovelli on Amazon. 26. For the Lord (Spotify) (YouTube) -- Rahul Matthan. 27. Predicting the Future -- Rahul Matthan (on Asimov's concept of Psychohistory etc). 28. Gurwinder Bhogal Examines Human Nature — Episode 331 of The Seen and the Unseen. 29. The Looking-Glass Self. 30. Panopticon. 31. Danish Husain and the Multiverse of Culture -- Episode 359 of The Seen and the Unseen. 32. A Scientist in the Kitchen — Episode 204 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Krish Ashok). 33. We Are All Amits From Africa — Episode 343 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Krish Ashok and Naren Shenoy). 34. Nothing is Indian! Everything is Indian! — Episode 12 of Everything is Everything. 35. The Right to Privacy -- Samuel D Warren and Louis D Brandeis. 36. John Locke on Britannica, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Wikipedia and Econlib. 37. Build for Tomorrow -- Jason Feifer. 38. Ex Machina -- Alex Garland. 39. Arrival -- Denis Villeneuve. 40. The Great Manure Crisis of 1894 -- Rahul Matthan. 41. Climate Change and Our Power Sector — Episode 278 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Akshay Jaitley and Ajay Shah). 42. The Book of Why: The New Science of Cause and Effect -- Judea Pearl. 43. The New World Upon Us — Amit Varma on Alpha Zero. 44. Brave New World -- Vasant Dhar's podcast, produced by Amit Varma. 45. Human and Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare -- Episode 4 of Brave New World (w Eric Topol). 46. The Colonial Constitution -- Arghya Sengupta. 47. Beyond Consent: A New Paradigm for Data Protection -- Rahul Matthan. 48. The Puttaswamy case. 49. Judicial Reforms in India -- Episode 62 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Alok Prasanna Kumar.) 50. Accidental Feminism: Gender Parity and Selective Mobility among India's Professional Elite --  Swethaa S Ballakrishnen. 51. Magic Fruit: A Poetic Trip -- Vaishnav Vyas. 52. Hermanos Gutiérrez and Arc De Soleil on Spotify. 53. The Travelling Salesman Problem. 54. The Twenty-Six Words That Created the Internet -- Jeff Kosseff. 55. Code: And Other Laws of Cyberspace -- Lawrence Lessig. 56. Financial Inclusion and Digital Transformation in India -- Suyash Rai. 57. No Time for False Modesty -- Rahul Matthan. 58. In Service of the Republic: The Art and Science of Economic Policy -- Vijay Kelkar and Ajay Shah. 59. Once Upon a Prime -- Sarah Hart. 60. The Greatest Invention -- Silvia Ferrara. 61. Surveillance State -- Josh Chin and Liza Lin. 62. Surveillance Valley -- Yasha Levine. 63. Sex Robots and Vegan Meat -- Jenny Kleeman. 64. How to Take Smart Notes -- Sönke Ahrens. 65. The Creative Act -- Rick Rubin. 66. How to Write One Song -- Jeff Tweedy. 67. Adrian Tchaikovsky and NK Jemisin on Amazon. 68. Snarky Puppy. on Spotify and YouTube. 69. Empire Central -- Snarky Puppy. 70. Polyphia on Spotify and YouTube. 71. The Lazarus Project on Jio Cinema. This episode is sponsored by the Pune Public Policy Festival 2024, which takes place on January 19 & 20, 2024. The theme this year is Trade-offs! Amit Varma and Ajay Shah have launched a new video podcast. Check out Everything is Everything on YouTube. Check out Amit's online course, The Art of Clear Writing. And subscribe to The India Uncut Newsletter. It's free! Episode art: ‘Protocol' by Simahina.

Alex speaks with David Friedman about defenses, definitions and critiques of Anarcho-Capitalism in David's work and in others'.  Episode Notes: - Summary of David's book "The Machinery of Freedom" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Machinery_of_Freedom  - Some of Ayn Rand's views on Libertarianism and Anarcho-Capitalism: http://aynrandlexicon.com/ayn-rand-ideas/ayn-rand-q-on-a-on-libertarianism.html  - Some of David's comments on his Father's views of his work can be found here: https://www.econlib.org/archives/2011/07/david_friedmans_1.html  - The Stanford Encyclopedia's entry on Anarchism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/anarchism/#:~:text=Libertarianism%20and%20anarcho%2Dcapitalism%20also,the%20idea%20of%20social%20development.  - "The Moon Is A Harsh Mistress" - Robert A. Heinlein https://a.co/d/4gmWZrP  - "The Private Enforcement of Law" - Landes and Posner https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=259376  - "Law Enforcement, Malfeasance, and Compensation of Enforcers" - Gary S. Becker and George J. Stigler  https://laws21.classes.ryansafner.com/readings/Becker-Stigler-1974.pdf     

From March 2015: Can God be proved by definition? That's the claim of the Ontological Argument for God's existence. Christian Philosopher Peter S Williams and sceptic philosopher Peter Millican from Oxford University explore the different versions of the argument. Williams defends the argument, Millican believes it is flawed. For Peter S Williams: www.peterswilliams.com Peter SW YouTube Playlist on the OA and Peter SW teaching on the argument For Peter Millican: http://www.millican.org/ and Graham Oppy's Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Ontological Arguments For Millican's 2011 debate with William Lane Craig Click here. • Subscribe to the Unbelievable? podcast: https://pod.link/267142101 • More shows, free eBook & newsletter: https://premierunbelievable.com • For live events: http://www.unbelievable.live • For online learning: https://www.premierunbelievable.com/training • Support us in the USA: http://www.premierinsight.org/unbelievableshow • Support us in the rest of the world: https://www.premierunbelievable.com/donate

This Selects episode was originally published on March 28, 2023.  --- Original Show Notes: ---In this episode Punya and Sean discuss some of the highlights captured in a recent interview with Senior Research Fellow from Harvard's Graduate School of Education Dr. Chris Dede and talk about AI and education.Guest Information: Dr. Chris DedeChris Dede is a Senior Research Fellow at Harvard's Graduate School of Education (GSE) who has worked with AI since the 1970s. A former Timothy E. Wirth Professor of Learning Technologies at Harvard GSE, Dede is a Co-Principal Investigator of the NSF-funded National Artificial Intelligence Institute in Adult Learning and Online Education (AI-ALOE).More information on Dr. Chris Dede - visit his Wikipedia page.National AI Institute for Adult Learning and Online Education - https://aialoe.orgLinkedInTwitter @chrs_dedeSilver Lining for Learning - https://silverliningforlearning.orgDr. Melissa WarrMelissa Warr, a graduate of ASU's Learning, Literacies, and Technologies PhD program, is an Assistant Professor of Learning Technology and Education Design at New Mexico State University. Links from the conversation: Learning Futures Collaborative: Future of AI in Education & Diversity, Equity, and InclusionChiang, Ted. (2023, February). ChatGPT Is a Blurry JPEG of the Web. The New Yorker.Hofstadter, Douglas R. (1979). Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid. Basic Books. [openlibrary.org link]Weizenbaum, Joseph. (1966). ELIZA—a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine. Communications of the ACM, 9(1), 36-45. [pdf link]Dreyfus, Hubert (1972). What Computers Can't Do. New York: MIT Press. [archive.org link]Chinese room argument: Searle, John (1980). Minds, Brains, and Programs. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences. [Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy link]Quandary GameCicero, Facebook's A.I. “Diplomacy” gameDALL-E 2, AI art platformDieterle, E., Dede, C. & Walker, M. The cyclical ethical effects of using artificial intelligence in education. AI & Soc (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01497-wAshok Goel's AI “Jill Watson”, Georgia Tech University [TEDx Talk link]Mursion, workforce immersive learningEthan Mollick's substack, professor at the Wharton School of the University of PennsylvaniaThe Learning Futures Podcast is jointly produced by Enterprise Technology and the Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College at Arizona State University.

The VOID was a location-based entertainment company that shut down during the pandemic and maybe coming back at some point. The VOID Co-founder & Chief Creative Officer Curtis Hickman convinced his partners to allow him to reflect upon and share the many experiential design lessons in a book titled Hyper-Reality: The Art of Designing Impossible Experiences. The book launched on June 15, 2023, and does an amazing job of sharing a ton of theoretical design insights that are grounded in specific examples and anecdotes from The VOID's backlog of experiences. Hickman is a big fan of lists and frameworks, and he includes lots of theoretical reflections with the primary structure of his 52 Laws of Hyper-Reality Design spanning four categories of Story Laws, World Laws, Guest Laws, and Magic Laws. These were the underlying principles of designing impossible experiences that The VOID would share all of the content partners, and he manages to seamlessly weave them together in digestible and fun-to-read book. Hickman is also a professional magician, and spends the second half of the book unpacking how he applied magic design theory to creating awe and wonder within the experiential design of the VOID. I had a chance to talk with Hickman about his book unpacking his experiential design process, the four categories of Hyper-Reality Design, unpacking the mimetic storytelling affordances of VR, and the VR genres of action, adventure, and "Hyper-Reality." which he defines as "the practical Illusion of an impossible reality so convincing the mind accepts it as reality itself." We chat a bit about presence in VR, and a bit about how my elemental theory of presence relates to his four categories of Hyper-Reality with Story Laws focusing on emotional presence, World Laws focusing on environmental presence and embodied presence, and Guest Laws focusing on active presence, and Magic Laws focusing on Mental Presence. Before I wrap up, I wanted to make a quick comment on a definition of experience that Hickman uses from Disney Imagineering legend Joe Rohde: Experience is a record of relationships. Relationships between things that happen in the world, your body's reception of the impulses created by that thing that happened, and the formation in your brain of the story you tell yourself about what happened. Since the last part of that sequence is the main part you are aware of, that means experience is a narrative event. It is what we tell ourselves happened. This means that a lot of the principles that you would apply in crafting narrative, say a play, a novel, a poem… Hickman, Curtis (2023, June 15) "Hyper-Reality: The Art of Designing Impossible Experiences." page 65. Independently Published. I love this definition of experience because it is very much aligned with process-relational philosophy, which the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Process Philosophy says that "If we admit that the basic entities of our world are processes, we can generate better philosophical descriptions of all the kinds of entities and relationships we are committed to when we reason about our world in common sense and in science." As Mesle says in his book on process-relational philosophy: Just look at your own experience. Isn't that exactly what your own experience is like? New drops of experience pop into being one after another like “buds or drops of perception” ([Whitehead's Process & Reality page] 68, quoting William James). Each new drop of awareness is incredibly complex, composed of thoughts, feelings, sensory experiences, and deeper feelings of being surrounded by a world of causal forces. You can never make thoughts stand still. Your own flow of experience is a paradigm for the process-relational vision of reality laid out in Whitehead's work and in the book you are currently reading. Mesle, C. Robert (2018, March 1). Process-Relational Philosophy: An Introduction to Alfred North Whitehead. page 7.

This is Lara Varpio's 6th 'Methods Consult' for KeyLIME.  As a PHD trained scientist working in the field, it is of Lara's opinion that her job is to help others gain the skills and expertise needed to engage in Health Professions Education scholarship and research. Additional material about Thomas Kuhn, ontologies and epistemologies: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [Internet]. Stanford University: Center for the Study of Language and Information; 2019. Available from: https://plato.stanford.edu Kuhn, TS. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 50th ed. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press; 2012 (Original work published in 1962). Okasha, S. Philosophy of Science: A Very Short Introduction. 2nd ed. Oxford UK: Oxford University Press; 2016.

#plotinus #iamblichus #magic What's Plotinus's idea of Magic? Why is theurgy so important for Iamblichus? Emanationism, Sympathy, Antipathy and Neoplatonic cosmology. CORRIGENDUM: It's "Fall under the umbrella", not "Follow". Apologies, I was unwell when I filmed this video. CONNECT & SUPPORT

In a democracy, every vote should be equal. But in India, that's not the case. Shruti Rajagopalan joins Amit Varma in episode 336 of The Seen and the Unseen to give a detailed primer into the complex issue of Delimitation -- and to suggest her own radical solution. (FOR FULL LINKED SHOW NOTES, GO TO SEENUNSEEN.IN.) Also check out: 1. Shruti Rajagopalan on Twitter, Substack, Instagram and her podcast, Ideas of India. 2. Demography, Delimitation, and Democracy -- Shruti Rajagopalan's detailed post on Delimitation. 3. Episodes of The Seen and the Unseen w Shruti Rajagopalan, in reverse chronological order: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17. 4. India's Emerging Crisis of Representation -- Milan Vaishnav and Jamie Hintson. 5. Of Openings and Possibilities -- Pranay Kotasthane on Delimitation. 6. South India Would Like to Have a Word — Episode 320 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Nilakantan RS). 7. Jayaprakash Narayan Wants to Mend Our Democracy -- Episode 334 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Jayaprakash Narayan). 8. The Life and Times of Shanta Gokhale — Episode 311 of The Seen and the Unseen. 9. The Life and Times of Jerry Pinto — Episode 314 of The Seen and the Unseen. 10. Amit Varma on the Creator Economy -- A recent episode of the Ideas of India podcast. 11. Gurwinder Bhogal Examines Human Nature -- Episode 331 of The Seen and the Unseen. 12. The Prism -- Gurwinder Bhogal's Substack newsletter. 13. Public Choice Theory — Episode 121 of The Seen and the Unseen. 14. Public Choice: A Primer — Eomonn Butler. 15. Public Choice -- Politics Without Romance -- James M Buchanan. 16. Politics Without Romance -- Amit Varma's column archives for Bloomberg Quint. 17. David Hume on Britannica, Wikipedia and Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 18. Adam Smith on Britannica, Wikipedia and Amazon. 19. James M Buchanan on Britannica, Wikipedia, Econlib and Amazon. 20. Gordon Tullock on Wikipedia, Econlib, Mercatus and Amazon. 21. The Calculus of Consent — James M Buchanan and Gordon Tullock. 22. Democracy in Deficit -- James M Buchanan and Richard E Wagner. 23. Shruti Rajagopalan on our constitutional amendments. 24. Subhashish Bhadra on Our Dysfunctional State -- Episode 33 of The Seen and the Unseen. 25. Caged Tiger: How Too Much Government Is Holding Indians Back — Subhashish Bhadra. 26. Where Have All The Leaders Gone? -- Amit Varma. 27. The Political Theory of a Compound Republic -- Vincent Ostrom. 28. Urban Governance in India — Episode 31 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Shruti Rajagopalan). 29. India's Greatest Civil Servant — Episode 167 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Narayani Basu, on VP Menon). 30. Great Soul -- Joseph Lelyveld. 31. Understanding Gandhi. Part 1: Mohandas — Episode 104 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Ram Guha). 32. Understanding Gandhi. Part 2: Mahatma — Episode 105 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Ram Guha). 33. Population Is Not a Problem, but Our Greatest Strength — Amit Varma. 34. A Life in Indian Politics — Episode 149 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Jayaprakash Narayan). 35. The First Assault on Our Constitution — Episode 194 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Tripurdaman Singh). 36. Nehru's Debates — Episode 262 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Tripurdaman Singh and Adeel Hussain.) 37. Coalition Politics and Economic Development -- Irfan Nooruddin. 38. The Laffer Curve. 39. The Anti-Defection Law — Episode 13 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Barun Mitra). 40. Our Parliament and Our Democracy — Episode 253 of The Seen and the Unseen (w MR Madhavan). 41. The Four Quadrants of Conformism — Paul Graham. 42. ‘Let Me Interrupt Your Expertise With My Confidence' — New Yorker cartoon by Jason Adam Katzenstein. 43. Eppur si muove. 44. Jagdish Bhagwati's co-written defence of demonetisation, and Shruti Rajagopalan's co-written rebuttal. This episode is sponsored by CTQ Compounds. Check out The Daily Reader and FutureStack. Use the code UNSEEN for Rs 2500 off. Amit Varma and Ajay Shah have launched a new video podcast. Check out Everything is Everything on YouTube. Check out Amit's online course, The Art of Clear Writing. And subscribe to The India Uncut Newsletter. It's free! Episode art: ‘Figure it Out' by Simahina.

Modern computers are somewhat more secure against being hacked - either by an inanimate virus or a human interloper - than they used to be. But as our lives are increasingly intertwined with computers, the dangers that hacking poses are enormously greater. Why don't we just build unhackable computers? Scott Shapiro, who is a law professor and philosopher, explains why that's essentially impossible. On a philosophical level, computers rely on an essential equivalence between "data" and "code," which is vulnerable to exploitation. And on a psychological level, human beings will always be the weakest link in the chain of security.Web page with transcript: https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/2023/05/29/238-scott-shapiro-on-the-technology-and-philosophy-of-hacking/Support Mindscape on Patreon.Scott Shapiro received a J.D. from Yale Law School and a Ph.D. in philosophy from Columbia. He is currently the Charles F Southmayd Prof of Law and Philosophy at Yale University. He is the Director of the Yale Center for Law and Philosophy and also Director of the Yale Cybersecurity Lab. He is the Co-Editor of Legal Theory, and Co-Editor for philosophy of Law at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. His new book is Fancy Bear Goes Phishing: The Dark History of the Information Age, in Five Extraordinary Hacks.Yale web pageGoogle Scholar publicationsWikipediaTwitterSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

This week Abby and Alan explore the history of Time Travel in mythology, film and literature, focusing on horror and science fiction. Email filmsaboutlunatics@gmail.com to submit your short stories and paranormal experiences.lunaticsproject.comGet Lunatics Merch here. Join the discussion on Discord. Listen to the paranormal playlist I curate for Vurbl, updated weekly! Check out Abby's book Horror Stories. Available in eBook and paperback. Music by Michaela Papa, Alan Kudan & Jordan Moser. Poster Art by Pilar Keprta @pilar.kep.Sources for today's episode:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Time Travel Oxplore.com article on Ancient Time Traveling MythsThe Paradoxes of Time Travel by David Lewis (1975) Princeton UniversityGuardian article by Stuart Heritage The 20 Best Time Travel Movies CrimeReads article by Dan Frey called The Four Types of Time Travel and what they say about ourselves and the world around usScreen Rant article by Craig Elvy - Back To The Future's Time Travel Explained: How It Works & Is It Accurate?Wondrium article by David K Johnson, PHD Time Travel in ‘Interstellar': Time Dilation and Causal LoopsSpace.com article by Alisa Harvey and Vicky Stein - Is Time Travel Possible?Wikipedia & IMDBSupport the show

William of Ockham is best known today for the model of problem solving known as Ockham's (or Occam's) Razor. But the event that defined his life was an argument with Pope John XXII. Research: Lieberich, Heinz. "Louis IV". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 Oct. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-IV-Holy-Roman-emperor Kilcullen, John. “Ockham's Political Writings.” “The Cambridge Companion to Ockham. Cambridge University Press. 1999. Republished online: http://publications.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/pubs/dialogus/polth.html Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Peter Lombard". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Aug. 2020, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Peter-Lombard Gál, Gedeon, O.F.M. "William of Ockham Died "impenitent" in April 1347." Franciscan Studies, vol. 42, 1982, p. 90-95. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/frc.1982.0011 Lambert, M. D. “THE FRANCISCAN CRISIS UNDER JOHN XXII.” Franciscan Studies, vol. 32, 1972, pp. 123–43. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44000287 Donovan, Stephen M. “Bonagratia of Bergamo.” Catholic Encyclopedia. https://www.catholic.com/encyclopedia/bonagratia-of-bergamo Nold, Patrick. “Pope John XXII's Annotations on the Franciscan Rule: Content and Contexts.” Franciscan Studies, vol. 65, 2007, pp. 295–324. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41975430 Knysh, George. “BIOGRAPHICAL RECTIFICATIONS CONCERNING OCKHAM'S AVIGNON PERIOD.” Franciscan Studies, vol. 46, 1986, pp. 61–91. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41975065 Spade, Paul Vincent. “William of Ockham.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. March 5, 2019. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ockham/ Vignaux, Paul D.. "William of Ockham". Encyclopedia Britannica, 24 Aug. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-of-Ockham See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Andreea Ion CojoCaru is a unique blend of VR developer and practicing architect in both virtual and physical spaces, but who is also driven by deep philosophical questions and her own embodied curiosities exploring the boundaries between the virtual and the physical. These embodied experiences in virtual reality have actually catalyzed a pretty significant paradigm shift in CojoCaru's own philosophical thinking. I first met CojoCaru at VR Now in Germany in 2018 in a serendipitous collision that led to a deep dive discussion into the phenomenology of architecture. We then crossed paths again in London for the Immersive Architecture of the Internet Symposium organized by Space Popular where she was talking about using VR to hack her sensory perceptions. During the pandemic, I invited CojoCaru to participate in a discussion unpacking the immersive architecture of Valve's Half-Life: Alyx. By the time I had a chance to catch up with her CojoCaru again at SXSW in 2023, it had been nearly three years since we last did a deep dive in anything. I had sent her a conversation about Process Philosophy with Matt Segall at the end of 2020, and again with Grant Maxwell covering 13 process-relational philosophers in 2021, and passed along my recent discussion with Segall about his upcoming book unpacking an organic view of reality and contextualizing Whitehead's and Schelling's Process Philosophy with Kant as a guardian of the epistemological threshold. What's striking about this is that while she was not very receptive to this process-relational mode of thinking through the podcast medium of philosophical discourse, she was actually in the process of her own philosophical paradigm shift towards Eastern philosophy via Orthodox Hinduism and process-relational thinking catalyzed from her own embodied experiences of VR and completely independent of these other conversations. In the process of working on this concept of an open source city project called Spectra Cities, which she announced on March 7 as having received a 2 million Euro grantb where here design shop of numena will "work on behavioral analysis & participatory design using VR +Spectra Cities." CojoCaru has been also deeply inspired by Stanislavski's system of improve and has been translating her architectural and spatial design process into a piece of embodied performance not only for herself, but for others as well. It's through this more dynamic and participatory relationship to a more fluid and "rubbery" experience of architectural forms that she started to search for an alternative metaphysical grounding that went beyond Mel Slater's "presence as illusionary framing" that Chalmers argues against in his book Reality+. She started to find some deep inspiration from the Vedantas, but was also still in the sensemaking process for how to more fully contextualize this more dynamic and relational dimension of design that goes beyond the more static framing of Western substance metaphysics. On March 5th, CojoCaru had privately expressed some skepticism towards my claims in my two conversations with Segall that embodied VR experiences could start to catalyze a philosophical paradigm shift towards process-relational thinking. But by the time I had a chance to speak with her on March 14th at SXSW, she had the sudden realization during this conversation that she herself had in fact gone through a radical philosophical transformation towards a more process-relational mode of thinking that was catalyzed by her embodied experiences within VR. Then in this conversation we decide to coin the term "process-relational architecture" to describe this interactive, dynamic, improvisational, performative, and participatory design process that's she's been doing with virtual architecture. So rather than focus on the materiality of substance as a static metaphysical foundation, then process-relational metaphysics that I think this passage from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy enca...

This week on Hashtag History, we will be discussing Galileo Galilei. He is considered to be the Father of Modern Science and, by the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, is considered to be “a - if not the - central figure of the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century”. We have Galileo to thank for significant contributions to various fields of science, mathematics, philosophy, and physics. He studied and made huge contributions to areas such as gravity and relativity, inertia, and speed. He invented a better telescope for viewing planets and other objects in space. He was brilliant and I cannot wait to dive into all of these major accomplishments and achievements that he made in the fields of science, physics, and astronomy. But, most interesting to me, is the way Galileo's life ended. Over the course of his studies, Galileo became convinced of heliocentrism (the concept that the Earth rotates and revolves around the Sun); this was contrary to the popular (and religious) belief at the time - geocentrism - which states that the Earth is actually at the center of the universe with all of the celestial bodies (such as the sun, moon, planets, and stars) all revolving around it. Galileo's heliocentric beliefs were incredibly controversial, particularly with the Catholic Church, who had his claims investigated - more than once - before eventually forcing him to recant his beliefs and placing him under house arrest where he would remain for the rest of his life. Follow Hashtag History on Instagram @hashtaghistory_podcast for all of the pictures mentioned in this episode. Citations for all sources can be located on our website at www.HashtagHistory-Pod.com. You can also check out our website for super cute merch! You can now sponsor a cocktail and get a shout-out on air! Just head to www.buymeacoffee.com/hashtaghistory or head to the Support tab on our website! You can locate us on www.Patreon.com/hashtaghistory where you can donate $1 a month to our Books and Booze Supply. All of your support goes a long ways and we are endlessly grateful! To show our gratitude, all Patreon Supporters receive an automatic 15% OFF all merchandise in our merchandise store, bonus Hashtag Hangouts episodes, a shoutout on social media, and stickers! THANKS FOR LISTENING! - Rachel and Leah --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hashtaghistory/support

India is run in a top-down way with a Northern bias -- and this is a problem. Nilakantan RS joins Amit Varma in episode 320 of The Seen and the Unseen to discuss how and why our Southern states perform so much better -- and are punished for it. Also discussed: virtue ethics, the charms of Madras and the dangers of storytelling. (FOR FULL LINKED SHOW NOTES, GO TO SEENUNSEEN.IN.) Also check out:1. Nilakantan RS on Twitter, YouTube and Instagram. 2. South vs North: India's Great Divide -- Nilakantan RS. 3. Chandrahas Choudhury's Country of Literature — Episode 288 of The Seen and the Unseen. 4. Lessons in Investing (and Life) — Episode 208 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Deepak Shenoy). 5. Crossing Over With Deepak Shenoy -- Episode 271 of The Seen and the Unseen. 6. Amitava Kumar Finds the Breath of Life — Episode 265 of The Seen and the Unseen. 7. Aadha Gaon — Rahi Masoom Raza.. 8. From Cairo to Delhi With Max Rodenbeck — Episode 281 of The Seen and the Unseen. 9. Phineas Gage. 10. The Great Man Theory of History. 11. Pandemonium in India's Banks — Episode 212 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Tamal Bandyopadhyay). 12. Rukmini Sees India's Multitudes — Episode 261 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Rukmini S). 13. On Bullshit — Harry Frankfurt. 14. The Facts Do Not Matter — Amit Varma. 15. Facts Don't Matter. Stories do -- Amit Varma. 16. It is immoral to have children. Here's why -- Amit Varma. 17. Better Never to Have Been -- David Benator. 18. Wanting — Luke Burgis. 19. René Girard on Amazon and Wikipedia. 20. The Life and Times of Shanta Gokhale — Episode 311 of The Seen and the Unseen. 21. The Gentle Wisdom of Pratap Bhanu Mehta — Episode 300 of The Seen and the Unseen. 22. Beyond Words: Philosophy, Fiction, and the Unsayable -- Timothy Cleveland. 23. Consider the Hamiltonian. 24. The Life and Times of Jerry Pinto — Episode 314 of The Seen and the Unseen. 25. Murder in Mahim — Jerry Pinto. 26. Mallikarjun Mansur and Bhimsen Joshi on Spotify. 26. Paul Krugman on the internet in 1998. 27. The naked man with an egg -- Amit Varma's prompt and ChatGPT's reply. 28. The Liberal Nationalism of Nitin Pai -- Episode 318 of The Seen and the Unseen. 29. The Rooted Cosmopolitanism of Sugata Srinivasaraju — Episode 277 of The Seen and the Unseen. 30. Adam Gopnik, Michel Martin, Paul Harding and Timothy Gowers. 31. Tinkers -- Paul Harding. 32. Eraserhead -- David Lynch. 33. There's a Name for the Blah You're Feeling: It's Called Languishing -- Adam Grant. 34. The variants on Chess.com. 35. A Summons to Memphis -- Peter Taylor. 36. Virtue Ethics on Wikipedia, Britannica and Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 37. VP Menon: The Unsung Architect of Modern India — Narayani Basu. 38. India's Greatest Civil Servant — Episode 167 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Narayani Basu). 39. A Venture Capitalist Looks at the World — Episode 213 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Sajith Pai). 40. The Indus Valley Playbook — Sajith Pai. 41. Fixing Indian Education — Episode 185 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Karthik Muralidharan). 42. Understanding Indian Healthcare — Episode 225 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Karthik Muralidharan). 43. Karthik Muralidharan Examines the Indian State — Episode 290 of The Seen and the Unseen. 44.  Our Unlucky Children (2008) — Amit Varma. 45.  Fund Schooling, Not Schools (2007) — Amit Varma. 46. Elite Imitation in Public Policy — Episode 180 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Shruti Rajagopalan and Alex Tabarrok). 47. Centrally Sponsored Government Schemes — Episode 17 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Pranay Kotasthane). 48. Population Is Not a Problem, but Our Greatest Strength — Amit Varma. 49. Arrow's Impossibility Theorem. 50. Athenian Democracy and Socrates. 51. Plato (or Why Philosophy Matters) -- Episode 109 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Rebecca Goldstein). 52. Our Parliament and Our Democracy — Episode 253 of The Seen and the Unseen (w MR Madhavan). 53. The Anti-Defection Law — Episode 13 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Barun Mitra).. 54. Urban Governance in India — Episode 31 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Shruti Rajagopalan). 55. Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Mahadev Govind Ranade and Gopal Ganesh Agarkar. 56. Episodes of The Seen and the Unseen on the creator ecosystem with Roshan Abbas, Varun Duggirala, Neelesh Misra, Snehal Pradhan, Chuck Gopal, Nishant Jain, Deepak Shenoy, Abhijit Bhaduri and Gaurav Chintamani. 57. The Walk -- Robert Walser. 58. So Long, See You Tomorrow -- William Maxwell. 59. All Aunt Hagar's Children -- Edward P Jones. 60. The Known World -- Edward P Jones. 61. Slow Man -- JM Coetzee. 62. The Changeling -- Kenzaburo Oe. 63. Earthlings -- Sayaka Murata. 64. Birth of a Theorem -- Cedric Villani. 65. Gilead -- Marilynne Robinson. 66. If I Survive You -- Jonathan Escoffery. 67. Donnie Darko -- Richard Kelly. Check out Amit's online course, The Art of Clear Writing. And subscribe to The India Uncut Newsletter. It's free! Episode art: ‘Conflict' by Simahina.

The task of nation-building did not end with our founders, and does not stop at our politicians. It's up to us to build the India we want to see. Nitin Pai joins Amit Varma in episode 318 of The Seen and the Unseen to talk about his life, his learnings and his liberal nationalism. (FOR FULL LINKED SHOW NOTES, GO TO SEENUNSEEN.IN.) Also check out: 1. Nitin Pai on his own website, Mint & Mastodon . 2. The Nitopadesha -- Moral Tales for Good Citizens. 3. The archives of The Acorn, Nitin Pai's blog. And its current avatar. 4. Nitin Pai's ideas, notes and current research and teaching. 5. The Takshashila Institution. 6. Seven Tenets of Indian Nationalism -- Nitin Pai. 7. In support of a liberal nationalism -- Nitin Pai. 8. A republic - if we can keep it -- Nitin Pai. 9. Saving the Nation From Nationalists -- Nitin Pai. 10. The real problem is that we have too little republic -- Nitin Pai. 11. The operating system of liberal democracy needs a major upgrade -- Nitin Pai. 12. Social harmony is a matter of national interest -- Nitin Pai. 13. Liberal democracies must protect their citizens' minds from being hacked -- Nitin Pai. 14. Understanding Foreign Policy — Episode 63 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Nitin Pai). 15. Russia, Ukraine, Foreign Policy -- Episode 268 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Pranay Kotasthane and Nitin Pai). 16. The City and the City — China Miéville. 17. The State of Our Economy -- Episode 252 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Puja Mehra and Mohit Satyanand). 18. The Tragedy of Our Farm Bills — Episode 211 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Ajay Shah). 19. Who We Are and How We Got Here — David Reich. 20. Early Indians — Tony Joseph. 21. Early Indians — Episode 112 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Tony Joseph). 22. The Moral Arc: How Science Makes Us Better People — Michael Shermer. 23. History of European Morals — WEH Lecky. 24. The Expanding Circle: Ethics, Evolution, and Moral Progress — Peter Singer. 25. How the BJP Wins — Prashant Jha. 26. The BJP's Magic Formula — Episode 45 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Prashant Jha). 27. Caste, Capitalism and Chandra Bhan Prasad — Episode 296 of The Seen and the Unseen. 28. Episodes of The Seen and the Unseen w Pranay Kotasthane: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. 29. Rohini Nilekani Pays It Forward -- Episode 317 of The Seen and the Unseen. 30. Samaaj, Sarkaar, Bazaar : A citizen-first approach — Rohini Nilekani. 31. The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind — Gustave le Bon. 32. Crowds and Power — Elias Canetti. 33. EO Wilson on Amazon, Wikipedia and Britannica. 34. Narendra Modi takes a Great Leap Backwards — Amit Varma (on Modi, Mao and locusts). 35. FAQ: Why Anna Hazare is wrong and Lok Pal a bad idea -- Nitin Pai. 36. Sadanand Dhume on Twitter -- and this podcast! 37. Social media is an existential threat to civilisation -- Nitin Pai. 38. Reframing the social media policy debate -- Nitin Pai. 39. The coming regulation of social media is an opportunity for India -- Nitin Pai. 40. The Double ‘Thank-You' Moment — John Stossel. 41. Thinking Fast and Slow — Daniel Kahneman. 42. Human — Michael S Gazzaniga. 43. The Interpreter — Amit Varma. 44. The Elephant in the Brain -- Kevin Simler and Robin Hanson. 45. Freedom to Think -- Susie Alegre. 46. Addiction by Design: Machine Gambling in Las Vegas — Natasha Dow Schüll. 47. The Importance of the 1991 Reforms — Episode 237 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Shruti Rajagopalan and Ajay Shah). 48. The Forgotten Greatness of PV Narasimha Rao — Episode 283 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Vinay Sitapati). 49. The Life and Times of Montek Singh Ahluwalia — Episode 285 of The Seen and the Unseen. 50. The original Takshashila. 51. Understanding Gandhi. Part 1: Mohandas — Episode 104 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Ram Guha). 52. Understanding Gandhi. Part 2: Mahatma — Episode 105 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Ram Guha). 53. Hind Swaraj — MK Gandhi. 54. Nikita -- Elton John. 55. The Importance of Cities — Episode 108 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Reuben Abraham & Pritika Hingorani). 56. The Gentle Wisdom of Pratap Bhanu Mehta -- Episode 300 of The Seen and the Unseen. 57. The Arthashastra -- Kautilya 58. On Exactitude in Science — Jorge Luis Borges. 59. Emergent Ventures. 60. Friedrich Hayek on Wikipedia, Britannica, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy and Econlib. 61. Milton Friedman on Amazon, Wikipedia, Britannica and Econlib. 62. Arshia Sattar and the Complex Search for Dharma -- Episode 315 of The Seen and the Unseen. 63. Every Act of Government Is an Act of Violence — Amit Varma. 64. The Generation of Rage in Kashmir — David Devadas. 65. Counterinsurgency Warfare — David Galula. 66. We Won't Need To Fight A War If We Can Win The Peace — Amit Varma. 67. Kashmir and Article 370 -- Episode 134 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Srinath Raghavan). 68. Think the Unthinkable (2008) -- Vir Sanghvi. 69. Independence Day for Kashmir (2008) -- Swaminathan S Anklesaria Aiyar. 70. The Anti-Defection Law — Episode 13 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Barun Mitra). 71. Our Parliament and Our Democracy — Episode 253 of The Seen and the Unseen (w MR Madhavan). 72. Abby Philips Fights for Science and Medicine — Episode 310 of The Seen and the Unseen. 73. Why Read the Classics? — Italo Calvino. 74. History Of Western Philosophy -- Bertrand Russell. 75. Ideas: A History from Fire to Freud -- Peter Watson. 76. Arthashastra -- Kautilya (translated by Shama Shastri). 77. The Upanishads. 78. The Mahabharata -- translated by Bibek Debroy. 79. Brihatkatha, Kathasaritsagara, Panchatantra and Hitopadesha. 80. Charvaka and Jayarāśi Bhaṭṭa. 81. Tattvopaplavasiṃha -- Jayarāśi Bhaṭṭa. 82. The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy -- Douglas Adams. 83. Catch 22 -- Joseph Heller. 84. Commanding Hope -- Thomas Homer-Dixon. 85. Paul Auster, David Mitchell, Haruki Murakami, Ryu Murakami and Terry Pratchett on Amazon. 86. Piercing -- Ryu Murakami. 87. 2021 - The Year in Fiction -- Nitin Pai. 88. Bhimsen Joshi, Kishore Kumar, Hemant Kumar, Radiohead, Norah Jones, Louis Armstrong, Nina Simone, Himesh Reshammiya and Yehudi Menuhin on Spotify. 89. Take Five -- The Dave Brubeck Quartet. Check out Amit's online course, The Art of Clear Writing. And subscribe to The India Uncut Newsletter. It's free! Episode art: ‘The Bigger Picture' by Simahina.

Cavendish was a prolific poet, playwright, and natural philosopher. She published multiple works under her own name before that was common for a woman, and she published at least five major works on natural philosophy. Research: Boyle, Deborah. “Margaret Cavendish on Gender, Nature, and Freedom.” Hypatia vol. 28, no. 3 (Summer 2013). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24542000 British Library. “Margaret Cavendish.” https://www.bl.uk/people/margaret-cavendish British Library. “Margaret Cavendish's Blazing World.” https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/margaret-cavendishs-blazing-world "Cavendish, Margaret." Renaissance and Reformation Reference Library, edited by Julie L. Carnagie, et al., vol. 3: Vol. 1: Biographies, UXL, 2002, pp. 60-65. Gale In Context: World History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3426300052/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=36cbb94b. Accessed 25 Apr. 2022. Cavendish, Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle and C.H. Firth. “The life of William Cavendish, duke of Newcastle, to which is added The true relation of my birth, breeding and life.” London : J.C. Nimmo. 1886. Cunning, David, "Margaret Lucas Cavendish", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2021 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2021/entries/margaret-cavendish/. Donagan, B. Lucas, Sir Charles (1612/13–1648), royalist army officer. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 28 Apr. 2022. Donagan, B. Lucas, Sir Thomas (1597/8–1648/9), royalist army officer. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 28 Apr. 2022. English Heritage. “Margaret Cavendish.” https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/histories/women-in-history/margaret-cavendish/ Fransee, Emily Lord. “Mistress of a New World: Early Science Fiction in Europe's ‘Age of Discovery.'” Public Domain Review. 10/11/2018. https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/mistress-of-a-new-world-early-science-fiction-in-europes-age-of-discovery Frederickson, Anne. “First Lady.” Distillations. Science History Institute. 4/15/2013. https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/first-lady Gryntaki, Gelly. “Margaret Cavendish: Being A Female Philosopher In The 17th Century.” The Collector. 7/24/2021. https://www.thecollector.com/margaret-cavendish-female-philosopher-17th-century/ Knight, J. Cavendish, Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle (1624?–1674). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 27 Apr. 2022, from https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/odnb/9780192683120.001.0001/odnb-9780192683120-e-4940. Marshall, Eugene. “Margaret Cavendish (1623—1673).” Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://iep.utm.edu/margaret-cavendish/ Newcastle, Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle. “The cavalier in exile; being the lives of the first Duke & Duchess of Newcastle.” London, G. Newnes, Ltd. 1903. Poetry Foundation. “Duchess of Newcastle Margaret Cavendish.” https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/margaret-cavendish Project Vox team. (2019). “Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.” Project Vox. Duke University Libraries. https://projectvox.org/cavendish-1623-1673/ Robbins, Michael. “The Royally Radical Life of Margaret Cavendish.” The Paris Review. 4/15/2019. https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2019/04/15/the-royally-radical-life-of-margaret-cavendish/ Sarasohn, Lisa T. "Cavendish, Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle." Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 20, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008, pp. 79-81. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2830905568/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=88a78131. Accessed 25 Apr. 2022. Walter, J. Lucas, John, first Baron Lucas of Shenfield (1606–1671), royalist landowner. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 28 Apr. 2022. Wilkins, Emma. “Margaret Cavendish and the Royal Society.” Notes and Records. Volume 68, Issue 3. 5/14/2014. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2014.0015 Wills, Matthew. “'Mad Meg,' the Poet-Duchess of 17th Century England.” JSTOR Daily. 3/10/2019. https://daily.jstor.org/mad-meg-the-poet-duchess-of-17th-century-england/ Woolf, Virginia. “The Common Reader.” New York. Harcourt, Brace and Company. 1925. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bruno was a mathematician, philosopher, astronomer, occultist, and according to the Catholic church of 16th-century Italy, a heretic. He met a bad end because of his views, but he started out as a friar. Research:  Aquilecchia, Giovanni. "Giordano Bruno". Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Feb. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Giordano-Bruno “Giordano Bruno.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. May 30, 2018. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bruno/ Martinez, Alberto A. “Burned Alive: Bruno, Galileo and the Inquisition.” Reaktion Books. 2018. Rosenthal, Erwin I.J.. "Averroës". Encyclopedia Britannica, 1 Jan. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Averroes Alberto A. Martinez Giordano Bruno and the heresy of many worlds, Annals of Science. 73:4, 345-374. 2016. 10.1080/00033790.2016.1193627 Rowland, Ingrid D. “Giordano Bruno Philosopher, Heretic.” Farrar, Straus & Giroux. 2008. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.