Podcasts about Autolycus

Psalm 89Reading 1: Exodus 33, 34Reading 2: From the book addressed to Autolycus by St. Theophilus of Antioch, bishopSupport us at: sthelenaministries.com/supportPresentation of the Liturgy of the Hours (Divine Office) from The Liturgy of the Hours (Four Volumes) © 1975, International Commission on English in the Liturgy Corporation. The texts of Biblical readings are reproduced from the New American Bible © 1975

Daf Yummy épisode 1315. Bava Batra 167 : L'homme est un loup pour l'homme (Autolycus) by Myriam Ackermann Sommer

Tonight, we'll read the chapter “On Soup” from The Feasts of Autolycus by Elizabeth Robins Pennell, in which Pennell draws from her experiences as a food critic and essayist to explore the role of soup in culinary culture. Snoozecast first read this back in 2020. An American writer who lived much of her life in Europe, Pennell was known for her travel writing and gastronomic studies, often blending personal observations with cultural critique. Her perspective reflects a deep familiarity with both English and French cuisines, informed by her broader interest in art and domestic life. — read by 'V' — Sign up for Snoozecast+ to get expanded, ad-free access by going to snoozecast.com/plus! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Invitatory Antiphon: Come, Let us worship Christ the Lord, who for our sake endured temptation and suffering. Hymn First Antiphon: Wherever you are, Lord, there is mercy, there is truth Psalm 89 Second Antiphon: When the Son of God came into this world, he was born of David's line. Psalm 89 Third Antiphon: Once for all I swore to my servant David: his dynasty shall never fail Psalm 89 Verse: Turn back to the Lord and do penance. Resp: Be renewed in heart and spirit. First Reading: Ex 33:7-11, 18-23; 34:5-9, 29-35 Response: But we reflect the glory of the Lord with unveild faces and grow ever more radiant. Second Reading: From the book addressed to Autolycus by St. Theophilus of Antioch, bishop Response: Arming ourselves with integrity and relying on his power. Presentation of the Liturgy of the Hours (Divine Office) from The Liturgy of the Hours (Four Volumes) © 1975, International Commission on English in the Liturgy Corporation. The texts of Biblical readings are reproduced from the New American Bible © 1975 YouTube Website

Listen to this episode on Spotify or Apple Podcasts Let's face it the New Testament probably calls Jesus God (or god) a couple of times and so do early Christian authors in the second century. However, no one offers much of an explanation for what they mean by the title. Did early Christians think Jesus was God because he represented Yahweh? Did they think he was God because he shared the same eternal being as the Father? Did they think he was a god because that's just what they would call any immortalized human who lived in heaven? In this presentation I focus on the question from the perspective of Greco-Roman theology. Drawing on the work of David Litwa, Andrew Perriman, Barry Blackburn, and tons of ancient sources I seek to show how Mediterranean converts to Christianity would have perceived Jesus based on their cultural and religious assumptions. This presentation is from the 3rd Unitarian Christian Alliance Conference on October 20, 2023 in Springfield, OH. Here is the original pdf of this paper. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5Z3QbQ7dHc —— Links —— See more scholarly articles by Sean Finnegan Get the transcript of this episode Support Restitutio by donating here Join our Restitutio Facebook Group and follow Sean Finnegan on Twitter @RestitutioSF Leave a voice message via SpeakPipe with questions or comments and we may play them out on the air Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library. Who is Sean Finnegan?  Read his bio here Introduction When early Christian authors called Jesus “god” (or “God”) what did they mean?[1] Modern apologists routinely point to pre-Nicene quotations in order to prove that early Christians always believed in the deity of Christ, by which they mean that he is of the same substance (homoousios) as the Father. However, most historians agree that Christians before the fourth century simply didn't have the cognitive categories available yet to think of Christ in Nicene or Chalcedonian ways. If this consensus is correct, it behooves us to consider other options for defining what early Christian authors meant. The obvious place to go to get an answer to our initial question is the New Testament. However, as is well known, the handful of instances in which authors unambiguously applied god (θεός) to Christ are fraught with textual uncertainty, grammatical ambiguity, and hermeneutical elasticity.[2]  What's more, granting that these contested texts[3] all call Jesus “god” provides little insight into what they might mean by that phrase. Turning to the second century, the earliest handful of texts that say Jesus is god are likewise textually uncertain or terse.[4] We must wait until the second half of the second century and beyond to have more helpful material to examine. We know that in the meanwhile some Christians were saying Jesus was god. What did they mean? One promising approach is to analyze biblical texts that call others gods. We find helpful parallels with the word god (אֱלֹהִים) applied to Moses (Exod 7.1; 4.16), judges (Exod 21.6; 22.8-9), kings (Is 9.6; Ps 45.6), the divine council (Ps 82.1, 6), and angels (Ps 8.6). These are texts in which God imbues his agents with his authority to represent him in some way. This rare though significant way of calling a representative “god,” continues in the NT with Jesus' clever defense to his accusers in John 10.34-36. Lexicons[5] have long recognized this “Hebraistic” usage and recent study tools such as the New English Translation (NET)[6] and the Zondervan Illustrated Bible Background Commentary[7] also note this phenomenon. But, even if this agency perspective is the most natural reading of texts like Heb 1.8, later Christians, apart from one or two exceptions appear to be ignorant of this usage.[8] This interpretation was likely a casualty of the so-called parting of the ways whereby Christianity transitioned from a second-temple-Jewish movement to a Gentile-majority religion. As such, to grasp what early postapostolic Christians believed, we must turn our attention elsewhere. Michael Bird is right when he says, “Christian discourses about deity belong incontrovertibly in the Greco-Roman context because it provided the cultural encyclopedia that, in diverse ways, shaped the early church's Christological conceptuality and vocabulary.”[9] Learning Greco-Roman theology is not only important because that was the context in which early Christians wrote, but also because from the late first century onward, most of our Christian authors converted from that worldview. Rather than talking about the Hellenization of Christianity, we should begin by asking how Hellenists experienced Christianization. In other words, Greco-Roman beliefs about the gods were the default lens through which converts first saw Christ. In order to explore how Greco-Roman theology shaped what people believed about Jesus as god, we do well to begin by asking how they defined a god. Andrew Perriman offers a helpful starting point. “The gods,” he writes, “are mostly understood as corporeal beings, blessed with immortality, larger, more beautiful, and more powerful than their mortal analogues.”[10] Furthermore, there were lots of them! The sublunar realm was, in the words of Paula Fredriksen, “a god-congested place.”[11] What's more, “[S]harp lines and clearly demarcated boundaries between divinity and humanity were lacking."[12] Gods could appear as people and people could ascend to become gods. Comprehending what Greco-Roman people believed about gods coming down and humans going up will occupy the first part of this paper. Only once we've adjusted our thinking to their culture, will we walk through key moments in the life of Jesus of Nazareth to hear the story with ancient Mediterranean ears. Lastly, we'll consider the evidence from sources that think of Jesus in Greco-Roman categories. Bringing this all together we'll enumerate the primary ways to interpret the phrase “Jesus is god” available to Christians in the pre-Nicene period. Gods Coming Down and Humans Going Up The idea that a god would visit someone is not as unusual as it first sounds. We find plenty of examples of Yahweh himself or non-human representatives visiting people in the Hebrew Bible.[13] One psalmist even referred to angels or “heavenly beings” (ESV) as אֱלֹהִים (gods).[14] The Greco-Roman world too told stories about divine entities coming down to interact with people. Euripides tells about the time Zeus forced the god Apollo to become a human servant in the house of Admetus, performing menial labor as punishment for killing the Cyclopes (Alcestis 1). Baucis and Philemon offered hospitality to Jupiter and Mercury when they appeared in human form (Ovid, Metamorphoses 8.26-34). In Homer's Odyssey onlookers warn Antinous for flinging a stool against a stranger since “the gods do take on the look of strangers dropping in from abroad”[15] (17.534-9). Because they believed the boundary between the divine realm and the Earth was so permeable, Mediterranean people were always on guard for an encounter with a god in disguise. In addition to gods coming down, in special circumstances, humans could ascend and become gods too. Diodorus of Sicily demarcated two types of gods: those who are “eternal and imperishable, such as the sun and the moon” and “the other gods…terrestrial beings who attained to immortal honour”[16] (The Historical Library of Diodorus the Sicilian 6.1). By some accounts, even the Olympian gods, including Kronos and Uranus were once mortal men.[17] Among humans who could become divine, we find several distinguishable categories, including heroes, miracle workers, and rulers. We'll look at each briefly before considering how the story of Jesus would resonate with those holding a Greco-Roman worldview. Deified Heroes Cornutus the Stoic said, “[T]he ancients called heroes those who were so strong in body and soul that they seemed to be part of a divine race.” (Greek Theology 31)[18] At first this statement appears to be a mere simile, but he goes on to say of Heracles (Hercules), the Greek hero par excellence, “his services had earned him apotheosis” (ibid.). Apotheosis (or deification) is the process by which a human ascends into the divine realm. Beyond Heracles and his feats of strength, other exceptional individuals became deified for various reasons. Amphiarus was a seer who died in the battle at Thebes. After opening a chasm in the earth to swallow him in battle, “Zeus made him immortal”[19] (Apollodorus, Library of Greek Mythology 3.6). Pausanias says the custom of the inhabitants of Oropos was to drop coins into Amphiarus' spring “because this is where they say Amphiarus rose up as a god”[20] (Guide to Greece 1.34). Likewise, Strabo speaks about a shrine for Calchas, a deceased diviner from the Trojan war (Homer, Illiad 1.79-84), “where those consulting the oracle sacrifice a black ram to the dead and sleep in its hide”[21] (Strabo, Geography 6.3.9). Though the great majority of the dead were locked away in the lower world of Hades, leading a shadowy pitiful existence, the exceptional few could visit or speak from beyond the grave. Lastly, there was Zoroaster the Persian prophet who, according to Dio Chrysostom, was enveloped by fire while he meditated upon a mountain. He was unharmed and gave advice on how to properly make offerings to the gods (Dio Chrysostom, Discourses 36.40). The Psuedo-Clementine Homilies include a story about a lightning bolt striking and killing Zoroaster. After his devotees buried his body, they built a temple on the site, thinking that “his soul had been sent for by lightning” and they “worshipped him as a god”[22] (Homily 9.5.2). Thus, a hero could have extraordinary strength, foresight, or closeness to the gods resulting in apotheosis and ongoing worship and communication. Deified Miracle Workers Beyond heroes, Greco-Roman people loved to tell stories about deified miracle workers. Twice Orpheus rescued a ship from a storm by praying to the gods (Diodorus of Sicily 4.43.1f; 48.5f). After his death, surviving inscriptions indicate that he both received worship and was regarded as a god in several cities.[23] Epimenides “fell asleep in a cave for fifty-seven years”[24] (Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers 1.109). He also predicted a ten-year period of reprieve from Persian attack in Athens (Plato Laws 1.642D-E). Plato called him a divine man (θεῖος ἀνήρ) (ibid.) and Diogenes talked of Cretans sacrificing to him as a god (Diogenes, Lives 1.114). Iamblichus said Pythagoras was the son of Apollo and a mortal woman (Life of Pythagoras 2). Nonetheless, the soul of Pythagoras enjoyed multiple lives, having originally been “sent to mankind from the empire of Apollo”[25] (Life 2). Diogenes and Lucian enumerate the lives the pre-existent Pythagoras led, including Aethalides, Euphorbus, Hermotimus, and Pyrrhus (Diogenes, Life of Pythagoras 4; Lucian, The Cock 16-20). Hermes had granted Pythagoras the gift of “perpetual transmigration of his soul”[26] so he could remember his lives while living or dead (Diogenes, Life 4). Ancient sources are replete with Pythagorean miracle stories.[27] Porphyry mentions several, including taming a bear, persuading an ox to stop eating beans, and accurately predicting a catch of fish (Life of Pythagoras 23-25). Porphyry said Pythagoras accurately predicted earthquakes and “chased away a pestilence, suppressed violent winds and hail, [and] calmed storms on rivers and on seas” (Life 29).[28] Such miracles, argued the Pythagoreans made Pythagoras “a being superior to man, and not to a mere man” (Iamblichus, Life 28).[29] Iamblichus lays out the views of Pythagoras' followers, including that he was a god, a philanthropic daemon, the Pythian, the Hyperborean Apollo, a Paeon, a daemon inhabiting the moon, or an Olympian god (Life 6). Another pre-Socratic philosopher was Empedocles who studied under Pythagoras. To him sources attribute several miracles, including stopping a damaging wind, restoring the wind, bringing dry weather, causing it to rain, and even bringing someone back from Hades (Diogenes, Lives 8.59).[30] Diogenes records an incident in which Empedocles put a woman into a trance for thirty days before sending her away alive (8.61). He also includes a poem in which Empedocles says, “I am a deathless god, no longer mortal, I go among you honored by all, as is right”[31] (8.62). Asclepius was a son of the god Apollo and a human woman (Cornutus, Greek Theology 33). He was known for healing people from diseases and injuries (Pindar, Pythian 3.47-50). “[H]e invented any medicine he wished for the sick, and raised up the dead”[32] (Pausanias, Guide to Greece 2.26.4). However, as Diodorus relates, Hades complained to Zeus on account of Asclepius' diminishing his realm, which resulted in Zeus zapping Asclepius with a thunderbolt, killing him (4.71.2-3). Nevertheless, Asclepius later ascended into heaven to become a god (Hyginus, Fables 224; Cicero, Nature of the Gods 2.62).[33] Apollonius of Tyana was a famous first century miracle worker. According to Philostratus' account, the locals of Tyana regard Apollonius to be the son of Zeus (Life 1.6). Apollonius predicted many events, interpreted dreams, and knew private facts about people. He rebuked and ridiculed a demon, causing it to flee, shrieking as it went (Life 2.4).[34] He even once stopped a funeral procession and raised the deceased to life (Life 4.45). What's more he knew every human language (Life 1.19) and could understand what sparrows chirped to each other (Life 4.3). Once he instantaneously transported himself from Smyrna to Ephesus (Life 4.10). He claimed knowledge of his previous incarnation as the captain of an Egyptian ship (Life 3.23) and, in the end, Apollonius entered the temple of Athena and vanished, ascending from earth into heaven to the sound of a choir singing (Life 8.30). We have plenty of literary evidence that contemporaries and those who lived later regarded him as a divine man (Letters 48.3)[35] or godlike (ἰσόθεος) (Letters 44.1) or even just a god (θεός) (Life 5.24). Deified Rulers Our last category of deified humans to consider before seeing how this all relates to Jesus is rulers. Egyptians, as indicated from the hieroglyphs left in the pyramids, believed their deceased kings to enjoy afterlives as gods. They could become star gods or even hunt and consume other gods to absorb their powers.[36] The famous Macedonian conqueror, Alexander the Great, carried himself as a god towards the Persians though Plutarch opines, “[he] was not at all vain or deluded but rather used belief in his divinity to enslave others”[37] (Life of Alexander 28). This worship continued after his death, especially in Alexandria where Ptolemy built a tomb and established a priesthood to conduct religious honors to the deified ruler. Even the emperor Trajan offered a sacrifice to the spirit of Alexander (Cassius Dio, Roman History 68.30). Another interesting example is Antiochus I of Comagene who called himself “Antiochus the just [and] manifest god, friend of the Romans [and] friend of the Greeks.”[38] His tomb boasted four colossal figures seated on thrones: Zeus, Heracles, Apollo, and himself. The message was clear: Antiochus I wanted his subjects to recognize his place among the gods after death. Of course, the most relevant rulers for the Christian era were the Roman emperors. The first official Roman emperor Augustus deified his predecessor, Julius Caesar, celebrating his apotheosis with games (Suetonius, Life of Julius Caesar 88). Only five years after Augustus died, eastern inhabitants of the Roman Empire at Priene happily declared “the birthday of the god Augustus” (ἡ γενέθλιος ἡμέρα τοῦ θεοῦ)[39] to be the start of their provincial year. By the time of Tacitus, a century after Augustus died, the wealthy in Rome had statues of the first emperor in their gardens for worship (Annals 1.73). The Roman historian Appian explained that the Romans regularly deify emperors at death “provided he has not been a despot or a disgrace”[40] (The Civil Wars 2.148).  In other words, deification was the default setting for deceased emperors. Pliny the Younger lays it on pretty thick when he describes the process. He says Nero deified Claudius to expose him; Titus deified Vespasian and Domitian so he could be the son and brother of gods. However, Trajan deified Nerva because he genuinely believed him to be more than a human (Panegyric 11). In our little survey, we've seen three main categories of deified humans: heroes, miracle workers, and good rulers. These “conceptions of deity,” writes David Litwa, “were part of the “preunderstanding” of Hellenistic culture.”[41] He continues: If actual cases of deification were rare, traditions of deification were not. They were the stuff of heroic epic, lyric song, ancient mythology, cultic hymns, Hellenistic novels, and popular plays all over the first-century Mediterranean world. Such discourses were part of mainstream, urban culture to which most early Christians belonged. If Christians were socialized in predominantly Greco-Roman environments, it is no surprise that they employed and adapted common traits of deities and deified men to exalt their lord to divine status.[42] Now that we've attuned our thinking to Mediterranean sensibilities about gods coming down in the shape of humans and humans experiencing apotheosis to permanently dwell as gods in the divine realm, our ears are attuned to hear the story of Jesus with Greco-Roman ears. Hearing the Story of Jesus with Greco-Roman Ears How would second or third century inhabitants of the Roman empire have categorized Jesus? Taking my cue from Litwa's treatment in Iesus Deus, I'll briefly work through Jesus' conception, transfiguration, miracles, resurrection, and ascension. Miraculous Conception Although set within the context of Jewish messianism, Christ's miraculous birth would have resonated differently with Greco-Roman people. Stories of gods coming down and having intercourse with women are common in classical literature. That these stories made sense of why certain individuals were so exceptional is obvious. For example, Origen related a story about Apollo impregnating Amphictione who then gave birth to Plato (Against Celsus 1.37). Though Mary's conception did not come about through intercourse with a divine visitor, the fact that Jesus had no human father would call to mind divine sonship like Pythagoras or Asclepius. Celsus pointed out that the ancients “attributed a divine origin to Perseus, and Amphion, and Aeacus, and Minos” (Origen, Against Celsus 1.67). Philostratus records a story of the Egyptian god Proteus saying to Apollonius' mother that she would give birth to himself (Life of Apollonius of Tyana 1.4). Since people were primed to connect miraculous origins with divinity, typical hearers of the birth narratives of Matthew or Luke would likely think that this baby might be either be a descended god or a man destined to ascend to become a god. Miracles and Healing As we've seen, Jesus' miracles would not have sounded unbelievable or even unprecedent to Mediterranean people. Like Jesus, Orpheus and Empedocles calmed storms, rescuing ships. Though Jesus provided miraculous guidance on how to catch fish, Pythagoras foretold the number of fish in a great catch. After the fishermen painstakingly counted them all, they were astounded that when they threw them back in, they were still alive (Porphyry, Life 23-25). Jesus' ability to foretell the future, know people's thoughts, and cast out demons all find parallels in Apollonius of Tyana. As for resurrecting the dead, we have the stories of Empedocles, Asclepius, and Apollonius. The last of which even stopped a funeral procession to raise the dead, calling to mind Jesus' deeds in Luke 7.11-17. When Lycaonians witnessed Paul's healing of a man crippled from birth, they cried out, “The gods have come down to us in the likeness of men” (Acts 14.11). Another time when no harm befell Paul after a poisonous snake bit him on Malta, Gentile onlookers concluded “he was a god” (Acts 28.6). Barry Blackburn makes the following observation: [I]n view of the tendency, most clearly seen in the Epimenidean, Pythagorean, and Apollonian traditions, to correlate impressive miracle-working with divine status, one may justifiably conclude that the evangelical miracle traditions would have helped numerous gentile Christians to arrive at and maintain belief in Jesus' divine status.[43] Transfiguration Ancient Mediterranean inhabitants believed that the gods occasionally came down disguised as people. Only when gods revealed their inner brilliant natures could people know that they weren't mere humans. After his ship grounded on the sands of Krisa, Apollo leaped from the ship emitting flashes of fire “like a star in the middle of day…his radiance shot to heaven”[44] (Homeric Hymns, Hymn to Apollo 440). Likewise, Aphrodite appeared in shining garments, brighter than a fire and shimmering like the moon (Hymn to Aphrodite 85-89). When Demeter appeared to Metaneira, she initially looked like an old woman, but she transformed herself before her. “Casting old age away…a delightful perfume spread…a radiance shone out far from the goddess' immortal flesh…and the solid-made house was filled with a light like the lightning-flash”[45] (Hymn to Demeter 275-280). Homer wrote about Odysseus' transformation at the golden wand of Athena in which his clothes became clean, he became taller, and his skin looked younger. His son, Telemachus cried out, “Surely you are some god who rules the vaulting skies”[46] (Odyssey 16.206). Each time the observers conclude the transfigured person is a god. Resurrection & Ascension In defending the resurrection of Jesus, Theophilus of Antioch said, “[Y]ou believe that Hercules, who burned himself, lives; and that Aesculapius [Asclepius], who was struck with lightning, was raised”[47] (Autolycus 1.13). Although Hercules' physical body burnt, his transformed pneumatic body continued on as the poet Callimachus said, “under a Phrygian oak his limbs had been deified”[48] (Callimachus, Hymn to Artemis 159). Others thought Hercules ascended to heaven in his burnt body, which Asclepius subsequently healed (Lucian, Dialogue of the Gods 13). After his ascent, Diodorus relates how the people first sacrificed to him “as to a hero” then in Athens they began to honor him “with sacrifices like as to a god”[49] (The Historical Library 4.39). As for Asclepius, his ascension resulted in his deification as Cyprian said, “Aesculapius is struck by lightning, that he may rise into a god”[50] (On the Vanity of Idols 2). Romulus too “was torn to pieces by the hands of a hundred senators”[51] and after death ascended into heaven and received worship (Arnobius, Against the Heathen 1.41). Livy tells of how Romulus was “carried up on high by a whirlwind” and that immediately afterward “every man present hailed him as a god and son of a god”[52] (The Early History of Rome 1.16). As we can see from these three cases—Hercules, Asclepius, and Romulus—ascent into heaven was a common way of talking about deification. For Cicero, this was an obvious fact. People “who conferred outstanding benefits were translated to heaven through their fame and our gratitude”[53] (Nature 2.62). Consequently, Jesus' own resurrection and ascension would have triggered Gentiles to intuit his divinity. Commenting on the appearance of the immortalized Christ to the eleven in Galilee, Wendy Cotter said, “It is fair to say that the scene found in [Mat] 28:16-20 would be understood by a Greco-Roman audience, Jew or Gentile, as an apotheosis of Jesus.”[54] Although I beg to differ with Cotter's whole cloth inclusion of Jews here, it's hard to see how else non-Jews would have regarded the risen Christ. Litwa adds Rev 1.13-16 “[W]here he [Jesus] appears with all the accoutrements of the divine: a shining face, an overwhelming voice, luminescent clothing, and so on.”[55] In this brief survey we've seen that several key events in the story of Jesus told in the Gospels would have caused Greco-Roman hearers to intuit deity, including his divine conception, miracles, healing ministry, transfiguration, resurrection, and ascension. In their original context of second temple Judaism, these very same incidents would have resonated quite differently. His divine conception authenticated Jesus as the second Adam (Luke 3.38; Rom 5.14; 1 Cor 15.45) and God's Davidic son (2 Sam 7.14; Ps 2.7; Lk 1.32, 35). If Matthew or Luke wanted readers to understand that Jesus was divine based on his conception and birth, they failed to make such intentions explicit in the text. Rather, the birth narratives appear to have a much more modest aim—to persuade readers that Jesus had a credible claim to be Israel's messiah. His miracles show that “God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power…for God was with him” (Acts 10.38; cf. Jn 3.2; 10.32, 38). Rather than concluding Jesus to be a god, Jewish witnesses to his healing of a paralyzed man “glorified God, who had given such authority to men” (Mat 9.8). Over and over, especially in the Gospel of John, Jesus directs people's attention to his Father who was doing the works in and through him (Jn 5.19, 30; 8.28; 12.49; 14.10). Seeing Jesus raise someone from the dead suggested to his original Jewish audience that “a great prophet has arisen among us” (Lk 7.16). The transfiguration, in its original setting, is an eschatological vision not a divine epiphany. Placement in the synoptic Gospels just after Jesus' promise that some there would not die before seeing the kingdom come sets the hermeneutical frame. “The transfiguration,” says William Lane, “was a momentary, but real (and witnessed) manifestation of Jesus' sovereign power which pointed beyond itself to the Parousia, when he will come ‘with power and glory.'”[56] If eschatology is the foreground, the background for the transfiguration was Moses' ascent of Sinai when he also encountered God and became radiant.[57] Viewed from the lenses of Moses' ascent and the eschaton, the transfiguration of Jesus is about his identity as God's definitive chosen ruler, not about any kind of innate divinity. Lastly, the resurrection and ascension validated Jesus' messianic claims to be the ruler of the age to come (Acts 17.31; Rom 1.4). Rather than concluding Jesus was deity, early Jewish Christians concluded these events showed that “God has made him both Lord and Christ” (Acts 2.36). The interpretative backgrounds for Jesus' ascension were not stories about Heracles, Asclepius, or Romulus. No, the key oracle that framed the Israelite understanding was the messianic psalm in which Yahweh told David's Lord to “Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool” (Psalm 110.1). The idea is of a temporary sojourn in heaven until exercising the authority of his scepter to rule over earth from Zion. Once again, the biblical texts remain completely silent about deification. But even if the original meanings of Jesus' birth, ministry, transfiguration, resurrection, and ascension have messianic overtones when interpreted within the Jewish milieu, these same stories began to communicate various ideas of deity to Gentile converts in the generations that followed. We find little snippets from historical sources beginning in the second century and growing with time. Evidence of Belief in Jesus' as a Greco-Roman Deity To begin with, we have two non-Christian instances where Romans regarded Jesus as a deity within typical Greco-Roman categories. The first comes to us from Tertullian and Eusebius who mention an intriguing story about Tiberius' request to the Roman senate to deify Christ. Convinced by “intelligence from Palestine of events which had clearly shown the truth of Christ's divinity”[58] Tiberius proposed the matter to the senate (Apology 5). Eusebius adds that Tiberius learned that “many believed him to be a god in rising from the dead”[59] (Church History 2.2). As expected, the senate rejected the proposal. I mention this story, not because I can establish its historicity, but because it portrays how Tiberius would have thought about Jesus if he had heard about his miracles and resurrection. Another important incident is from one of the governor Pliny the Younger's letters to the emperor Trajan. Having investigated some people accused of Christianity, he found “they had met regularly before dawn on a fixed day to chant verses alternately amongst themselves in honour of Christ as if to a god”[60] (Letter 96). To an outside imperial observer like Pliny, the Christians believed in a man who had performed miracles, defeated death, and now lived in heaven. Calling him a god was just the natural way of talking about such a person. Pliny would not have thought Jesus was superior to the deified Roman emperors much less Zeus or the Olympic gods. If he believed in Jesus at all, he would have regarded him as another Mediterranean prophet who escaped Hades to enjoy apotheosis. Another interesting text to consider is the Infancy Gospel of Thomas. This apocryphal text tells the story of Jesus' childhood between the ages of five and twelve. Jesus is impetuous, powerful, and brilliant. Unsure to conclude that Jesus was “either god or angel,”[61] his teacher remands him to Joseph's custody (7). Later, a crowd of onlookers ponders whether the child is a god or a heavenly messenger after he raises an infant from the dead (17). A year later Jesus raised a construction man who had fallen to his death back to life (18). Once again, the crowd asked if the child was from heaven. Although some historians are quick to assume the lofty conceptions of Justin and his successors about the logos were commonplace in the early Christianity, Litwa points out, “The spell of the Logos could only bewitch a very small circle of Christian elites… In IGT, we find a Jesus who is divine according to different canons, the canons of popular Mediterranean theology.”[62] Another important though often overlooked scholarly group of Christians in the second century was led by a certain Theodotus of Byzantium.[63] Typically referred to by their heresiological label “Theodotians,” these dynamic monarchians lived in Rome and claimed that they held to the original Christology before it had been corrupted under Bishop Zephyrinus (Eusebius, Church History 5.28). Theodotus believed in the virgin birth, but not in his pre-existence or that he was god/God (Pseudo-Hippolytus, Refutation of All Heresies 7.35.1-2; 10.23.1-2). He thought that Jesus was not able to perform any miracles until his baptism when he received the Christ/Spirit. Pseudo-Hippolytus goes on to say, “But they do not want him to have become a god when the Spirit descended. Others say that he became a god after he rose from the dead.”[64] This last tantalizing remark implies that the Theodotians could affirm Jesus as a god after his resurrection though they denied his pre-existence. Although strict unitarians, they could regard Jesus as a god in that he was an ascended immortalized being who lived in heaven—not equal to the Father, but far superior to all humans on earth. Justin Martyr presents another interesting case to consider. Thoroughly acquainted with Greco-Roman literature and especially the philosophy of Plato, Justin sees Christ as a god whom the Father begot before all other creatures. He calls him “son, or wisdom, or angel, or god, or lord, or word”[65] (Dialogue with Trypho 61).  For Justin Christ is “at the same time angel and god and lord and man”[66] (59). Jesus was “of old the Word, appearing at one time in the form of fire, at another under the guise of incorporeal beings, but now, at the will of God, after becoming man for mankind”[67] (First Apology 63). In fact, Justin is quite comfortable to compare Christ to deified heroes and emperors. He says, “[W]e propose nothing new or different from that which you say about the so-called sons of Jupiter [Zeus] by your respected writers… And what about the emperors who die among you, whom you think worthy to be deified?”[68] (21). He readily accepts the parallels with Mercury, Perseus, Asclepius, Bacchus, and Hercules, but argues that Jesus is superior to them (22).[69] Nevertheless, he considered Jesus to be in “a place second to the unchanging and eternal God”[70] (13). The Father is “the Most True God” whereas the Son is he “who came forth from Him”[71] (6). Even as lates as Origen, Greco-Roman concepts of deity persist. In responding to Celsus' claim that no god or son of God has ever come down, Origen responds by stating such a statement would overthrow the stories of Pythian Apollo, Asclepius, and the other gods who descended (Against Celsus 5.2). My point here is not to say Origen believed in all the old myths, but to show how Origen reached for these stories as analogies to explain the incarnation of the logos. When Celsus argued that he would rather believe in the deity of Asclepius, Dionysus, and Hercules than Christ, Origen responded with a moral rather than ontological argument (3.42). He asks how these gods have improved the characters of anyone. Origen admits Celsus' argument “which places the forenamed individuals upon an equality with Jesus” might have force, however in light of the disreputable behavior of these gods, “how could you any longer say, with any show of reason, that these men, on putting aside their mortal body, became gods rather than Jesus?”[72] (3.42). Origen's Christology is far too broad and complicated to cover here. Undoubtedly, his work on eternal generation laid the foundation on which fourth century Christians could build homoousion Christology. Nevertheless, he retained some of the earlier subordinationist impulses of his forebearers. In his book On Prayer, he rebukes praying to Jesus as a crude error, instead advocating prayer to God alone (10). In his Commentary on John he repeatedly asserts that the Father is greater than his logos (1.40; 2.6; 6.23). Thus, Origen is a theologian on the seam of the times. He's both a subordinationist and a believer in the Son's eternal and divine ontology. Now, I want to be careful here. I'm not saying that all early Christians believed Jesus was a deified man like Asclepius or a descended god like Apollo or a reincarnated soul like Pythagoras. More often than not, thinking Christians whose works survive until today tended to eschew the parallels, simultaneously elevating Christ as high as possible while demoting the gods to mere demons. Still, Litwa is inciteful when he writes: It seems likely that early Christians shared the widespread cultural assumption that a resurrected, immortalized being was worthy of worship and thus divine. …Nonetheless there is a difference…Jesus, it appears, was never honored as an independent deity. Rather, he was always worshiped as Yahweh's subordinate. Naturally Heracles and Asclepius were Zeus' subordinates, but they were also members of a larger divine family. Jesus does not enter a pantheon but assumes a distinctive status as God's chief agent and plenipotentiary. It is this status that, to Christian insiders, placed Jesus in a category far above the likes of Heracles, Romulus, and Asclepius who were in turn demoted to the rank of δαίμονες [daimons].[73] Conclusion I began by asking the question, "What did early Christians mean by saying Jesus is god?" We noted that the ancient idea of agency (Jesus is God/god because he represents Yahweh), though present in Hebrew and Christian scripture, didn't play much of a role in how Gentile Christians thought about Jesus. Or if it did, those texts did not survive. By the time we enter the postapostolic era, a majority of Christianity was Gentile and little communication occurred with the Jewish Christians that survived in the East. As such, we turned our attention to Greco-Roman theology to tune our ears to hear the story of Jesus the way they would have. We learned about their multifaceted array of divinities. We saw that gods can come down and take the form of humans and humans can go up and take the form of gods. We found evidence for this kind of thinking in both non-Christian and Christian sources in the second and third centuries. Now it is time to return to the question I began with: “When early Christian authors called Jesus “god” what did they mean?” We saw that the idea of a deified man was present in the non-Christian witnesses of Tiberius and Pliny but made scant appearance in our Christian literature except for the Theodotians. As for the idea that a god came down to become a man, we found evidence in The Infancy Gospel of Thomas, Justin, and Origen.[74] Of course, we find a spectrum within this view, from Justin's designation of Jesus as a second god to Origen's more philosophically nuanced understanding. Still, it's worth noting as R. P. C. Hanson observed that, “With the exception of Athanasius virtually every theologian, East and West, accepted some form of subordinationism at least up to the year 355.”[75] Whether any Christians before Alexander and Athanasius of Alexandria held to the sophisticated idea of consubstantiality depends on showing evidence of the belief that the Son was coequal, coeternal, and coessential with the Father prior to Nicea. (Readers interested in the case for this view should consult Michael Bird's Jesus among the Gods in which he attempted the extraordinary feat of finding proto-Nicene Christology in the first two centuries, a task typically associated with maverick apologists not peer-reviewed historians.) In conclusion, the answer to our driving question about the meaning of “Jesus as god” is that the answer depends on whom we ask. If we ask the Theodotians, Jesus is a god because that's just what one calls an immortalized man who lives in heaven.[76] If we ask those holding a docetic Christology, the answer is that a god came down in appearance as a man. If we ask a logos subordinationist, they'll tell us that Jesus existed as the god through whom the supreme God created the universe before he became a human being. If we ask Tertullian, Jesus is god because he derives his substance from the Father, though he has a lesser portion of divinity.[77] If we ask Athanasius, he'll wax eloquent about how Jesus is of the same substance as the Father equal in status and eternality. The bottom line is that there was not one answer to this question prior to the fourth century. Answers depend on whom we ask and when they lived. Still, we can't help but wonder about the more tantalizing question of development. Which Christology was first and which ones evolved under social, intellectual, and political pressures? In the quest to specify the various stages of development in the Christologies of the ante-Nicene period, this Greco-Roman perspective may just provide the missing link between the reserved and limited way that the NT applies theos to Jesus in the first century and the homoousian view that eventually garnered imperial support in the fourth century. How easy would it have been for fresh converts from the Greco-Roman world to unintentionally mishear the story of Jesus? How easy would it have been for them to fit Jesus into their own categories of descended gods and ascended humans? With the unmooring of Gentile Christianity from its Jewish heritage, is it any wonder that Christologies began to drift out to sea? Now I'm not suggesting that all Christians went through a steady development from a human Jesus to a pre-existent Christ, to an eternal God the Son, to the Chalcedonian hypostatic union. As I mentioned above, plenty of other options were around and every church had its conservatives in addition to its innovators. The story is messy and uneven with competing views spread across huge geographic distances. Furthermore, many Christians probably were content to leave such theological nuances fuzzy, rather than seeking doctrinal precision on Christ's relation to his God and Father. Whatever the case may be, we dare not ignore the influence of Greco-Roman theology in our accounts of Christological development in the Mediterranean world of the first three centuries.    Bibliography The Homeric Hymns. Translated by Michael Crudden. New York, NY: Oxford, 2008. Antioch, Theophilus of. To Autolycus. Translated by Marcus Dods. Vol. 2. Ante-Nicene Fathers. Edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2001. Aphrahat. The Demonstrations. Translated by Ellen Muehlberger. Vol. 3. The Cambridge Edition of Early Christian Writings. 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Greek Theology, Fragments, and Testimonia. Atlanta, GA: SBL, 2018. Cotter, Wendy. "Greco-Roman Apotheosis Traditions and the Resurrection Appearances in Matthew." In The Gospel of Matthew in Current Study. Edited by David E. Aune. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2001. Cyprian. Treatise 6: On the Vanity of Idols. Translated by Ernest Wallis. Vol. 5. Ante-Nicene Fathers. Edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1995. Dittenberger, W. Orientis Graecae Inscriptiones Selectae. Vol. 2. Hildesheim: Olms, 1960. Eusebius. The Church History. Translated by Paul L. Maier. Grand Rapids: Kregel, 2007. Fredriksen, Paula. "How High Can Early High Christology Be?" In Monotheism and Christology in Greco-Roman Antiquity. Edited by Matthew V. Novenson. Vol. 180.vol. Supplements to Novum Testamentum. Leiden: Brill, 2020. Hanson, R. P. C. Search for a Christian Doctrine of God. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2007. Hart, George. The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses. 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Routledge, 2005. Homer. The Odyssey. Translated by Robert Fagles. New York, NY: Penguin, 1997. Iamblichus. Life of Pythagoras. Translated by Thomas Taylor. Iamblichus' Life of Pythagoras. Delhi, IN: Zinc Read, 2023. Justin Martyr. Dialogue with Trypho. Translated by Thomas B. Falls. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2003. Laertius, Diogenes. Life of Pythagoras. Translated by Kenneth Sylvan Guthrie. The Pythagorean Sourcebook and Library. Edited by David R. Fideler. Grand Rapids, MI: Phanes Press, 1988. Laertius, Diogenes. Lives of the Eminent Philosophers. Translated by Pamela Mensch. Edited by James Miller. New York, NY: Oxford, 2020. Lane, William L. The Gospel of Mark. Nicnt, edited by F. F. Bruce Ned B. Stonehouse, and Gordon D. Fee. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1974. Litwa, M. David. Iesus Deus. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2014. Livy. The Early History of Rome. 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End Notes [1] For the remainder of this paper, I will use the lower case “god” for all references to deity outside of Yahweh, the Father of Christ. I do this because all our ancient texts lack capitalization and our modern capitalization rules imply a theology that is anachronistic and unhelpful for the present inquiry. [2] Christopher Kaiser wrote, “Explicit references to Jesus as ‘God' in the New Testament are very few, and even those few are generally plagued with uncertainties of either text or interpretation.” Christopher B. Kaiser, The Doctrine of God: A Historical Survey (London: Marshall Morgan & Scott, 1982), 29. Other scholars such as Raymond Brown (Jesus: God and Man), Jason David BeDuhn (Truth in Translation), and Brian Wright (“Jesus as θεός: A Textual Examination” in Revisiting the Corruption of the New Testament) have expressed similar sentiments. [3] John 20.28; Hebrews 1.8; Titus 2.13; 2 Peter 1.1; Romans 9.5; and 1 John 5.20. [4] See Polycarp's Epistle to the Philippians 12.2 where a manuscript difference determines whether or not Polycarp called Jesus god or lord. Textual corruption is most acute in Igantius' corpus. Although it's been common to dismiss the long recension as an “Arian” corruption, claiming the middle recension to be as pure and uncontaminated as freshly fallen snow upon which a foot has never trodden, such an uncritical view is beginning to give way to more honest analysis. See Paul Gilliam III's Ignatius of Antioch and the Arian Controversy (Leiden: Brill, 2017) for a recent treatment of Christological corruption in the middle recension. [5] See the entries for  אֱלֹהִיםand θεός in the Hebrew Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (HALOT), the Brown Driver Briggs Lexicon (BDB), Eerdmans Dictionary, Kohlenberger/Mounce Concise Hebrew-Aramaic Dictionary of the Old Testament, the Bauer Danker Arndt Gingrich Lexicon (BDAG), Friberg Greek Lexicon, and Thayer's Greek Lexicon. [6] See notes on Is 9.6 and Ps 45.6. [7] ZIBBC: “In what sense can the king be called “god”? By virtue of his divine appointment, the king in the ancient Near East stood before his subjects as a representative of the divine realm. …In fact, the term “gods“ (ʾelōhı̂m) is used of priests who functioned as judges in the Israelite temple judicial system (Ex. 21:6; 22:8-9; see comments on 58:1; 82:6-7).” John W. Hilber, “Psalms,” in The Minor Prophets, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, vol. 5 of Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary: Old Testament. ed. John H. Walton (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2009), 358. [8] Around a.d. 340, Aphrahat of Persia advised his fellow Christians to reply to Jewish critics who questioned why “You call a human being ‘God'” (Demonstrations 17.1). He said, “For the honored name of the divinity is granted event ot rightoues human beings, when they are worthy of being called by it…[W]hen he chose Moses, his friend and his beloved…he called him “god.” …We call him God, just as he named Moses with his own name…The name of the divinity was granted for great honor in the world. To whom he wishes, God appoints it” (17.3, 4, 5). Aphrahat, The Demonstrations, trans., Ellen Muehlberger, vol. 3, The Cambridge Edition of Early Christian Writings (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge, 2022), 213-15. In the Clementine Recognitions we find a brief mention of the concept:  “Therefore the name God is applied in three ways: either because he to whom it is given is truly God, or because he is the servant of him who is truly; and for the honour of the sender, that his authority may be full, he that is sent is called by the name of him who sends, as is often done in respect of angels: for when they appear to a man, if he is a wise and intelligent man, he asks the name of him who appears to him, that he may acknowledge at once the honour of the sent, and the authority of the sender” (2.42). Pseudo-Clement, Recognitions, trans., Thomas Smith, vol. 8, Ante Nicene Fathers (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2003). [9] Michael F. Bird, Jesus among the Gods (Waco, TX: Baylor, 2022), 13. [10] Andrew Perriman, In the Form of a God, Studies in Early Christology, ed. David Capes Michael Bird, and Scott Harrower (Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2022), 130. [11] Paula Fredriksen, "How High Can Early High Christology Be?," in Monotheism and Christology in Greco-Roman Antiquity, ed. Matthew V. Novenson, vol. 180 (Leiden: Brill, 2020), 296, 99. [12] ibid. [13] See Gen 18.1; Ex 3.2; 24.11; Is 6.1; Ezk 1.28. [14] Compare the Masoretic Text of Psalm 8.6 to the Septuagint and Hebrews 2.7. [15] Homer, The Odyssey, trans., Robert Fagles (New York, NY: Penguin, 1997), 370. [16] Diodorus Siculus, The Historical Library, trans., Charles Henry Oldfather, vol. 1 (Sophron Editor, 2017), 340. [17] Uranus met death at the brutal hands of his own son, Kronos who emasculated him and let bleed out, resulting in his deification (Eusebius, Preparation for the Gospel 1.10). Later on, after suffering a fatal disease, Kronos himself experienced deification, becoming the planet Saturn (ibid.). Zeus married Hera and they produced Osiris (Dionysus), Isis (Demeter), Typhon, Apollo, and Aphrodite (ibid. 2.1). [18] Lucius Annaeus Cornutus, Greek Theology, trans., George Boys-Stones, Greek Theology, Fragments, and Testimonia (Atlanta, GA: SBL, 2018), 123. [19] Apollodorus, The Library of Greek Mythology, trans., Robin Hard (Oxford, UK: Oxford, 1998), 111. [20] Pausanias, Guide to Greece, trans., Peter Levi (London, UK: Penguin, 1979), 98. [21] Strabo, The Geography, trans., Duane W. Roller (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge, 2020), 281. [22] Psuedo-Clement, Homilies, trans., Peter Peterson, vol. 8, Ante-Nicene Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1897). Greek: “αὐτὸν δὲ ὡς θεὸν ἐθρήσκευσαν” from Jacques Paul Migne, Patrologia Graeca, taken from Accordance (PSCLEMH-T), OakTree Software, Inc., 2018, Version 1.1. [23] See Barry Blackburn, Theios Aner and the Markan Miracle Traditions (Tübingen, Germany: J. C. B. Mohr, 1991), 32. [24] Diogenes Laertius, Lives of the Eminent Philosophers, trans., Pamela Mensch (New York, NY: Oxford, 2020), 39. [25] Iamblichus, Life of Pythagoras, trans., Thomas Taylor, Iamblichus' Life of Pythagoras (Delhi, IN: Zinc Read, 2023), 2. [26] Diogenes Laertius, Life of Pythagoras, trans., Kenneth Sylvan Guthrie, The Pythagorean Sourcebook and Library (Grand Rapids, MI: Phanes Press, 1988), 142. [27] See the list in Blackburn, 39. He corroborates miracle stories from Diogenus Laertius, Iamblichus, Apollonius, Nicomachus, and Philostratus. [28] Porphyry, Life of Pythagoras, trans., Kenneth Sylvan Guthrie, The Pythagorean Sourcebook and Library (Grand Rapids, MI: Phanes Press, 1988), 128-9. [29] Iamblichus,  68. [30] What I call “resurrection” refers to the phrase, “Thou shalt bring back from Hades a dead man's strength.” Diogenes Laertius 8.2.59, trans. R. D. Hicks. [31] Laertius, "Lives of the Eminent Philosophers," 306. Two stories of his deification survive: in one Empedocles disappears in the middle of the night after hearing an extremely loud voice calling his name. After this the people concluded that they should sacrifice to him since he had become a god (8.68). In the other account, Empedocles climbs Etna and leaps into the fiery volcanic crater “to strengthen the rumor that he had become a god” (8.69). [32] Pausanias,  192. Sextus Empiricus says Asclepius raised up people who had died at Thebes as well as raising up the dead body of Tyndaros (Against the Professors 1.261). [33] Cicero adds that the Arcadians worship Asclepius (Nature 3.57). [34] In another instance, he confronted and cast out a demon from a licentious young man (Life 4.20). [35] The phrase is “περὶ ἐμοῦ καὶ θεοῖς εἴρηται ὡς περὶ θείου ἀνδρὸς.” Philostratus, Letters of Apollonius, vol. 458, Loeb Classical Library (Cambridge, MA: Harvard, 2006). [36] See George Hart, The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses, 2nd ed. (Oxford, UK: Routledge, 2005), 3. [37] Plutarch, Life of Alexander, trans., Ian Scott-Kilvert and Timothy E. Duff, The Age of Alexander (London, UK: Penguin, 2011), 311. Arrian includes a story about Anaxarchus advocating paying divine honors to Alexander through prostration. The Macedonians refused but the Persian members of his entourage “rose from their seats and one by one grovelled on the floor before the King.” Arrian, The Campaigns of Alexander, trans., Aubrey De Sélincourt (London, UK: Penguin, 1971), 222. [38] Translation my own from “Ἀντίοχος ὁ Θεὸς Δίκαιος Ἐπιφανὴς Φιλορωμαῖος Φιλέλλην.” Inscription at Nemrut Dağ, accessible at https://www.tertullian.org/rpearse/mithras/display.php?page=cimrm32. See also https://zeugma.packhum.org/pdfs/v1ch09.pdf. [39] Greek taken from W. Dittenberger, Orientis Graecae Inscriptiones Selectae, vol. 2 (Hildesheim: Olms, 1960), 48-60. Of particular note is the definite article before θεός. They didn't celebrate the birthday of a god, but the birthday of the god. [40] Appian, The Civil Wars, trans., John Carter (London, UK: Penguin, 1996), 149. [41] M. David Litwa, Iesus Deus (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2014), 20. [42] ibid. [43] Blackburn, 92-3. [44] The Homeric Hymns, trans., Michael Crudden (New York, NY: Oxford, 2008), 38. [45] "The Homeric Hymns," 14. [46] Homer,  344. [47] Theophilus of Antioch, To Autolycus, trans., Marcus Dods, vol. 2, Ante-Nicene Fathers (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2001). [48] Callimachus, Hymn to Artemis, trans., Susan A. Stephens, Callimachus: The Hymns (New York, NY: Oxford, 2015), 119. [49] Siculus,  234. [50] Cyprian, Treatise 6: On the Vanity of Idols, trans., Ernest Wallis, vol. 5, Ante-Nicene Fathers (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1995). [51] Arnobius, Against the Heathen, trans., Hamilton Bryce and Hugh Campbell, vol. 6, Ante-Nicene Fathers (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1995). [52] Livy, The Early History of Rome, trans., Aubrey De Sélincourt (London, UK: Penguin, 2002), 49. [53] Cicero, The Nature of the Gods, trans., Patrick Gerard Walsh (Oxford, UK: Oxford, 2008), 69. [54] Wendy Cotter, "Greco-Roman Apotheosis Traditions and the Resurrection Appearances in Matthew," in The Gospel of Matthew in Current Study, ed. David E. Aune (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2001), 149. [55] Litwa, 170. [56] William L. Lane, The Gospel of Mark, Nicnt, ed. F. F. Bruce Ned B. Stonehouse, and Gordon D. Fee (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1974). [57] “Recent commentators have stressed that the best background for understanding the Markan transfiguration is the story of Moses' ascent up Mount Sinai (Exod. 24 and 34).” Litwa, 123. [58] Tertullian, Apology, trans. S. Thelwall, vol. 3, Ante-Nicene Fathers, ed. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2003). [59] Eusebius, The Church History, trans. Paul L. Maier (Grand Rapids: Kregel, 2007), 54. [60] Pliny the Younger, The Letters of the Younger Pliny, trans., Betty Radice (London: Penguin, 1969), 294. [61] Pseudo-Thomas, Infancy Gospel of Thomas, trans., James Orr (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1903), 25. [62] Litwa, 83. [63] For sources on Theodotus, see Pseduo-Hippolytus, Refutation of All Heresies 7.35.1-2; 10.23.1-2; Pseudo-Tertullian, Against All Heresies 8.2; Eusebius, Church History 5.28. [64] Pseudo-Hippolytus, Refutation of All Heresies, trans., David Litwa (Atlanta, GA: SBL, 2016), 571. [65] I took the liberty to decapitalize these appellatives. Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho, trans. Thomas B. Falls (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2003), 244. [66] Justin Martyr, 241. (Altered, see previous footnote.) [67] Justin Martyr, 102. [68] Justin Martyr, 56-7. [69] Arnobius makes a similar argument in Against the Heathen 1.38-39 “Is he not worthy to be called a god by us and felt to be a god on account of the favor or such great benefits? For if you have enrolled Liber among the gods because he discovered the use of wine, and Ceres the use of bread, Aesculapius the use of medicines, Minerva the use of oil, Triptolemus plowing, and Hercules because he conquered and restrained beasts, thieves, and the many-headed hydra…So then, ought we not to consider Christ a god, and to bestow upon him all the worship due to his divinity?” Translation from Litwa, 105. [70] Justin Martyr, 46. [71] Justin Martyr, 39. [72] Origen, Against Celsus, trans. Frederick Crombie, vol. 4, The Ante-Nicene Fathers (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2003). [73] Litwa, 173. [74] I could easily multiply examples of this by looking at Irenaeus, Tertullian, Hippolytus, and many others. [75] The obvious exception to Hanson's statement were thinkers like Sabellius and Praxeas who believed that the Father himself came down as a human being. R. P. C. Hanson, Search for a Christian Doctrine of God (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2007), xix. [76] Interestingly, even some of the biblical unitarians of the period were comfortable with calling Jesus god, though they limited his divinity to his post-resurrection life. [77] Tertullian writes, “[T]he Father is not the same as the Son, since they differ one from the other in the mode of their being. For the Father is the entire substance, but the Son is a derivation and portion of the whole, as He Himself acknowledges: “My Father is greater than I.” In the Psalm His inferiority is described as being “a little lower than the angels.” Thus the Father is distinct from the Son, being greater than the Son” (Against Praxeas 9). Tertullian, Against Praxeas, trans., Holmes, vol. 3, Ante Nice Fathers (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2003).

Episode Notes Welcome everyone to Mythstorie, a podcast about myths and History. Today Cammy and Bryent discuss the wolf himself, grandfather to Odysseus, and the annoyer of Sisyphus, Autolycus! Find all our social media, merch, and more on our linktree page: https://linktr.ee/Mythstorie Enjoy! Support Mythstorie by contributing to their tip jar: https://tips.pinecast.com/jar/mythstorie Find out more at https://mythstorie.pinecast.co This podcast is powered by Pinecast. Try Pinecast for free, forever, no credit card required. If you decide to upgrade, use coupon code r-86be36 for 40% off for 4 months, and support Mythstorie.

Who is Bruce Campbell?  He's Ash Williams, EVIL DEAD's lovable, tough-talking wise guy.  He's Sam Axe on BURN NOTICE.  He's SKY HIGH's Coach Boomer.  He's Elvis Presley, fighting mummies alongside JFK in BUBBA HO-TEP.  He's a bounty hunter riding the Old West in THE ADVENTURES OF BRISCO COUNTY JR.  He's Roland the Intrepid Explorer in THE MAJESTIC.  He's Autolycus on HERCULES and XENA: WARRIOR PRINCESS.  He's the Surgeon General of Beverly Hills in ESCAPE FROM L.A.  He's a TV and film star, best-selling author and pop culture icon.  What I have for you in episode #74 of My Haunted Head is a groovy stack of Bruce Campbell films you most likely have NOT seen, and in some cases, may never have even heard of.  Check 'em out!

Leontes welcomes Florizel and Perdita to Sicilia and promises to help when he learns that Polixenes is pursuing them. Autolycus, drinking in a pub, hears about the reunion of Leontes and Polixenes and the discovery that Perdita is Leontes' daughter. The Old Shepherd and his son enter, reveling in their good fortune. Autolycus apologizes for his misdeeds. Back at the palace, Paulina leads Leontes, Perdita, Florizel, Camillo and Polixenes to view a life-like statue of Hermione, and together they witness a miracle.  CREDITS The Play On Podcast series, “THE WINTER'S TALE”, was translated into modern English verse and directed by TRACY YOUNG.  The Cast is as follows: ELIJAH ALEXANDER as LEONTES KAYLA CARTER as PERDITA and EMILIA GINA DANIELS as HERMIONE, MOPSA, SHEPERD'S SERVANT and PAULINA'S STEWARD RODNEY GARDINER as POLIXENES ELIJAH GOODFRIEND as MAMILLIUS IAN GOULD as CLOWN, LORD and GENTLEMAN CRISTOFER JEAN as ANTIGONUS, OLD SHEPHERD, SERVANT, LORD and ROGERO JIM LICHTSCHEIDL as AUTOLYCUS, JAILER, CLEOMENES, OFFICER and LORD CHRISTOPHER LIVINGSTON as FLORIZEL and SERVANT KT VOGT as PAULINA and DORCAS LISA WOLPE as CAMILLO, DION, OLDER LADY IN WAITING, and GENTLEMAN Featuring ESTELLE PARSONS as TIME Casting by THE TELSEY OFFICE: KARYN CASL, CSA, and ADA KARAMANYAN. Voice and Text Coach: JULIE FOH Episode scripts were adapted and produced by CATHERINE EATON  Original Music Composition, Sound Design and Mix by LINDSAY JONES. Music Direction by ANDREW FOX. Sound engineering by SADAHARU YAGI and KABBY KABAKOFF. Mix Engineer and Dialogue Editor: LARRY WALSH and ROBERT McNABB. Podcast Mastering by GREG CORTEZ at New Monkey Studio. Coordinating Producer: TRANSCEND STREAMING (KYRA BOWIE and LEANNA KEYES). Managing Producer: ROBERT CAPPADONA. Executive Producer: MICHAEL GOODFRIEND. The Managing Director of Business Operations and Partnerships at Next Chapter Podcasts is SALLYCADE HOLMES. The Play On Podcast Series “THE WINTER'S TALE” is produced by NEXT CHAPTER PODCASTS and is made possible by the generous support of THE HITZ FOUNDATION. Visit NCPODCASTS.COM for more about the Play On Podcast Series. Visit PLAYONSHAKESPEARE.ORG for more about Play On Shakespeare.  Hear more about the Play On Shakespeare Podcast series by subscribing to PLAY ON PREMIUM at NCPODCASTS.COM, where you'll find interviews with the artists, producers and engineers who brought it all to life. And remember: “It is required you do awake your faith.” Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Autolycus, now in Florizel's garb, masquerades as a courtier and convinces the Old Shepherd and his son to pay him to be their advocate at Court. Meanwhile, in Sicilia, Cleomenes and another Lord urge Leontes to cease mourning for Hermione, but Paulina insists that he continue to live a life of piety and repentance for his past actions until the prophecy “that which is lost be found” is fulfilled.  CREDITS The Play On Podcast series, “THE WINTER'S TALE”, was translated into modern English verse and directed by TRACY YOUNG.  The Cast is as follows: ELIJAH ALEXANDER as LEONTES KAYLA CARTER as PERDITA and EMILIA GINA DANIELS as HERMIONE, MOPSA, SHEPERD'S SERVANT and PAULINA'S STEWARD RODNEY GARDINER as POLIXENES ELIJAH GOODFRIEND as MAMILLIUS IAN GOULD as CLOWN, LORD and GENTLEMAN CRISTOFER JEAN as ANTIGONUS, OLD SHEPHERD, SERVANT, LORD and ROGERO JIM LICHTSCHEIDL as AUTOLYCUS, JAILER, CLEOMENES, OFFICER and LORD CHRISTOPHER LIVINGSTON as FLORIZEL and SERVANT KT VOGT as PAULINA and DORCAS LISA WOLPE as CAMILLO, DION, OLDER LADY IN WAITING, and GENTLEMAN Featuring ESTELLE PARSONS as TIME Casting by THE TELSEY OFFICE: KARYN CASL, CSA, and ADA KARAMANYAN. Voice and Text Coach: JULIE FOH Episode scripts were adapted and produced by CATHERINE EATON  Original Music Composition, Sound Design and Mix by LINDSAY JONES. Music Direction by ANDREW FOX. Sound engineering by SADAHARU YAGI and KABBY KABAKOFF. Mix Engineer and Dialogue Editor: LARRY WALSH and ROBERT McNABB. Podcast Mastering by GREG CORTEZ at New Monkey Studio. Coordinating Producer: TRANSCEND STREAMING (KYRA BOWIE and LEANNA KEYES). Managing Producer: ROBERT CAPPADONA. Executive Producer: MICHAEL GOODFRIEND. The Managing Director of Business Operations and Partnerships at Next Chapter Podcasts is SALLYCADE HOLMES. The Play On Podcast Series “THE WINTER'S TALE” is produced by NEXT CHAPTER PODCASTS and is made possible by the generous support of THE HITZ FOUNDATION. Visit NCPODCASTS.COM for more about the Play On Podcast Series. Visit PLAYONSHAKESPEARE.ORG for more about Play On Shakespeare.  Hear more about the Play On Shakespeare Podcast series by subscribing to PLAY ON PREMIUM at NCPODCASTS.COM, where you'll find interviews with the artists, producers and engineers who brought it all to life. And remember: “It is required you do awake your faith.” Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

As Florizel proclaims his love for Perdita to all the guests at the Sheep Shearing festival (including his father and Camillo who are still in disguise), the Old Shepherd calls for their wedding to take place during the celebration. The unknown guest tries to persuade the young man to hold off until he's told his father, or at least discussed it with him, but Florizel refuses, saying his father must not know anything about it. Enraged, Polixenes finally removes his disguise and condemns his son, Perdita and her father, threatening to disfigure Perdita and kill the Old Shepherd if either of them come near his son again, and to disown Florizel if he even mentions her name. After his father departs, Florizel insists that he will stay with Perdita. Camillo, however, sees an opportunity to bring Polixenes and Leontes back together and persuades Florizel and Perdita to flee with him back to Sicilia. As Camillo describes the plan, they come upon Autolycus celebrating his pickpocketing success and demand that he change clothes with Florizel so that he won't be recognized on the road. Perdita agrees to go along with the plan. CREDITS The Play On Podcast series, “THE WINTER'S TALE”, was translated into modern English verse and directed by TRACY YOUNG.  The Cast is as follows: ELIJAH ALEXANDER as LEONTES KAYLA CARTER as PERDITA and EMILIA GINA DANIELS as HERMIONE, MOPSA, SHEPERD'S SERVANT and PAULINA'S STEWARD RODNEY GARDINER as POLIXENES ELIJAH GOODFRIEND as MAMILLIUS IAN GOULD as CLOWN, LORD and GENTLEMAN CRISTOFER JEAN as ANTIGONUS, OLD SHEPHERD, SERVANT, LORD and ROGERO JIM LICHTSCHEIDL as AUTOLYCUS, JAILER, CLEOMENES, OFFICER and LORD CHRISTOPHER LIVINGSTON as FLORIZEL and SERVANT KT VOGT as PAULINA and DORCAS LISA WOLPE as CAMILLO, DION, OLDER LADY IN WAITING, and GENTLEMAN Featuring ESTELLE PARSONS as TIME Casting by THE TELSEY OFFICE: KARYN CASL, CSA, and ADA KARAMANYAN. Voice and Text Coach: JULIE FOH Episode scripts were adapted and produced by CATHERINE EATON  Original Music Composition, Sound Design and Mix by LINDSAY JONES. Music Direction by ANDREW FOX. Sound engineering by SADAHARU YAGI and KABBY KABAKOFF. Mix Engineer and Dialogue Editor: LARRY WALSH and ROBERT McNABB. Podcast Mastering by GREG CORTEZ at New Monkey Studio. Coordinating Producer: TRANSCEND STREAMING (KYRA BOWIE and LEANNA KEYES). Managing Producer: ROBERT CAPPADONA. Executive Producer: MICHAEL GOODFRIEND. The Managing Director of Business Operations and Partnerships at Next Chapter Podcasts is SALLYCADE HOLMES. The Play On Podcast Series “THE WINTER'S TALE” is produced by NEXT CHAPTER PODCASTS and is made possible by the generous support of THE HITZ FOUNDATION. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

As Perdita prepares for the sheep shearing feast, Florizel flirts with her and vows he'll stay with her no matter what. Perdita is less carefree, fearing the repercussions that will come if the king discovers his son has been cavorting with someone beneath his station. Perdita's father, the Old Shepherd, arrives and tells his daughter to greet their guests, including two strangers (Polixenes and Camillo, disguised as farmers), who banter with her about the flowers she admires. Florizel and Perdita proclaim their love for each other as the guests applaud and dance. Polixenes (in disguise) questions the Old Shepherd about the young man who's wooing his daughter as two shepherdesses, Mopsa and Dorcas, squabble over the affections of the Shepherd's son. A servant rushes in to announce the arrival of a peddler (Autolycus), who enters with a song. He wins over the crowd with his music and exotic wares as he secretly conspires to rob everyone at the party. The servant returns to announce the arrival of a group of acrobats she calls “hairy goat men”, who enter with a cacophony of shouts and drums. CREDITS The Play On Podcast series, “THE WINTER'S TALE”, was translated into modern English verse and directed by TRACY YOUNG.  The Cast is as follows: ELIJAH ALEXANDER as LEONTES KAYLA CARTER as PERDITA and EMILIA GINA DANIELS as HERMIONE, MOPSA, SHEPERD'S SERVANT and PAULINA'S STEWARD RODNEY GARDINER as POLIXENES ELIJAH GOODFRIEND as MAMILLIUS IAN GOULD as CLOWN, LORD and GENTLEMAN CRISTOFER JEAN as ANTIGONUS, OLD SHEPHERD, SERVANT, LORD and ROGERO JIM LICHTSCHEIDL as AUTOLYCUS, JAILER, CLEOMENES, OFFICER and LORD CHRISTOPHER LIVINGSTON as FLORIZEL and SERVANT KT VOGT as PAULINA and DORCAS LISA WOLPE as CAMILLO, DION, OLDER LADY IN WAITING, and GENTLEMAN Featuring ESTELLE PARSONS as TIME Casting by THE TELSEY OFFICE: KARYN CASL, CSA, and ADA KARAMANYAN. Voice and Text Coach: JULIE FOH Episode scripts were adapted and produced by CATHERINE EATON  Original Music Composition, Sound Design and Mix by LINDSAY JONES. Music Direction by ANDREW FOX. Sound engineering by SADAHARU YAGI and KABBY KABAKOFF. Mix Engineer and Dialogue Editor: LARRY WALSH and ROBERT McNABB. Podcast Mastering by GREG CORTEZ at New Monkey Studio. Coordinating Producer: TRANSCEND STREAMING (KYRA BOWIE and LEANNA KEYES). Managing Producer: ROBERT CAPPADONA. Executive Producer: MICHAEL GOODFRIEND. The Managing Director of Business Operations and Partnerships at Next Chapter Podcasts is SALLYCADE HOLMES. The Play On Podcast Series “THE WINTER'S TALE” is produced by NEXT CHAPTER PODCASTS and is made possible by the generous support of THE HITZ FOUNDATION. Visit NCPODCASTS.COM for more about the Play On Podcast Series. Visit PLAYONSHAKESPEARE.ORG for more about Play On Shakespeare.  Hear more about the Play On Shakespeare Podcast series by subscribing to PLAY ON PREMIUM at NCPODCASTS.COM, where you'll find interviews with the artists, producers and engineers who brought it all to life. And remember: “It is required you do awake your faith.” Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

CREDITS The Play On Podcast series, “THE WINTER'S TALE”, was translated into modern English verse and directed by TRACY YOUNG.  The Cast is as follows: ELIJAH ALEXANDER as LEONTES KAYLA CARTER as PERDITA and EMILIA GINA DANIELS as HERMIONE, MOPSA, SHEPERD'S SERVANT and PAULINA'S STEWARD RODNEY GARDINER as POLIXENES ELIJAH GOODFRIEND as MAMILLIUS IAN GOULD as CLOWN, LORD and GENTLEMAN CRISTOFER JEAN as ANTIGONUS, OLD SHEPHERD, SERVANT, LORD and ROGERO JIM LICHTSCHEIDL as AUTOLYCUS, JAILER, CLEOMENES, OFFICER and LORD CHRISTOPHER LIVINGSTON as FLORIZEL and SERVANT KT VOGT as PAULINA and DORCAS LISA WOLPE as CAMILLO, DION, OLDER LADY IN WAITING, and GENTLEMAN Featuring ESTELLE PARSONS as TIME Casting by THE TELSEY OFFICE: KARYN CASL, CSA, and ADA KARAMANYAN. Voice and Text Coach: JULIE FOH Episode scripts were adapted and produced by CATHERINE EATON  Original Music Composition, Sound Design and Mix by LINDSAY JONES. Music Direction by ANDREW FOX. Sound engineering by SADAHARU YAGI and KABBY KABAKOFF. Mix Engineer and Dialogue Editor: LARRY WALSH and ROBERT McNABB. Podcast Mastering by GREG CORTEZ at New Monkey Studio. Coordinating Producer: TRANSCEND STREAMING (KYRA BOWIE and LEANNA KEYES). Managing Producer: ROBERT CAPPADONA. Executive Producer: MICHAEL GOODFRIEND. The Managing Director of Business Operations and Partnerships at Next Chapter Podcasts is SALLYCADE HOLMES. The Play On Podcast Series “THE WINTER'S TALE” is produced by NEXT CHAPTER PODCASTS and is made possible by the generous support of THE HITZ FOUNDATION. Visit NCPODCASTS.COM for more about the Play On Podcast Series. Visit PLAYONSHAKESPEARE.ORG for more about Play On Shakespeare.  Hear more about the Play On Shakespeare Podcast series by subscribing to PLAY ON PREMIUM at NCPODCASTS.COM, where you'll find interviews with the artists, producers and engineers who brought it all to life. And remember: “It is required you do awake your faith.” Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After presenting him with his newborn daughter, Leontes throws Paulina out of his chambers and commands Antigonus to kill the child. His Lords beg him to relent and he appeases them by commanding Antigonus to abandon the baby in the wilderness instead. Cleomenes and Dion, meanwhile, return from the Oracle of Delphi full of optimism. The trial comes to order. Hermione testifies in her own defense against her husband's accusations. The Oracle's message is opened and read aloud: Hermione is innocent. Refusing to accept the judgment, Leontes is met with immediate and devastating consequences. CREDITS The Play On Podcast series, “THE WINTER'S TALE”, was translated into modern English verse and directed by TRACY YOUNG.  The Cast is as follows: ELIJAH ALEXANDER as LEONTES KAYLA CARTER as PERDITA and EMILIA GINA DANIELS as HERMIONE, MOPSA, SHEPERD'S SERVANT and PAULINA'S STEWARD RODNEY GARDINER as POLIXENES ELIJAH GOODFRIEND as MAMILLIUS IAN GOULD as CLOWN, LORD and GENTLEMAN CRISTOFER JEAN as ANTIGONUS, OLD SHEPHERD, SERVANT, LORD and ROGERO JIM LICHTSCHEIDL as AUTOLYCUS, JAILER, CLEOMENES, OFFICER and LORD CHRISTOPHER LIVINGSTON as FLORIZEL and SERVANT KT VOGT as PAULINA and DORCAS LISA WOLPE as CAMILLO, DION, OLDER LADY IN WAITING, and GENTLEMAN Featuring ESTELLE PARSONS as TIME Casting by THE TELSEY OFFICE: KARYN CASL, CSA, and ADA KARAMANYAN. Voice and Text Coach: JULIE FOH Episode scripts were adapted and produced by CATHERINE EATON  Original Music Composition, Sound Design and Mix by LINDSAY JONES. Music Direction by ANDREW FOX. Sound engineering by SADAHARU YAGI and KABBY KABAKOFF. Mix Engineer and Dialogue Editor: LARRY WALSH and ROBERT McNABB. Podcast Mastering by GREG CORTEZ at New Monkey Studio. Coordinating Producer: TRANSCEND STREAMING (KYRA BOWIE and LEANNA KEYES). Managing Producer: ROBERT CAPPADONA. Executive Producer: MICHAEL GOODFRIEND. The Managing Director of Business Operations and Partnerships at Next Chapter Podcasts is SALLYCADE HOLMES. The Play On Podcast Series “THE WINTER'S TALE” is produced by NEXT CHAPTER PODCASTS and is made possible by the generous support of THE HITZ FOUNDATION. Visit NCPODCASTS.COM for more about the Play On Podcast Series. Visit PLAYONSHAKESPEARE.ORG for more about Play On Shakespeare.  Hear more about the Play On Shakespeare Podcast series by subscribing to PLAY ON PREMIUM at NCPODCASTS.COM, where you'll find interviews with the artists, producers and engineers who brought it all to life. And remember: “It is required you do awake your faith.” Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Camillo assures Leontes he'll carry out his orders but secretly informs Polixenes of the plot against his life. Together, they flee to Polixenes' kingdom of Bohemia. An enraged Leontes claims their flight is proof of their guilt in conspiring against his life and his crown. He orders his son, Mamillius, to be taken from Hermione's chambers and has her imprisoned on charges of adultery and conspiracy. Hermione insists on her innocence and vows that Leontes will regret what he's done. The King's Lords, including the elderly Antigonus, beg Leontes to bring the Queen back. Antigonus goes so far as to stake his own daughters' honor on Hermione's innocence. Meanwhile, Antigonus's wife, Paulina, goes to visit Hermione in prison, where she has just given birth to a baby girl. Paulina asks Hermione's Lady in Waiting, Emilia, to get permission from the Queen for her to bring the newborn baby to Leontes in the hope that seeing the child will soften his heart. CREDITS The Play On Podcast series, “THE WINTER'S TALE”, was translated into modern English verse and directed by TRACY YOUNG.  The Cast is as follows: ELIJAH ALEXANDER as LEONTES KAYLA CARTER as PERDITA and EMILIA GINA DANIELS as HERMIONE, MOPSA, SHEPERD'S SERVANT and PAULINA'S STEWARD RODNEY GARDINER as POLIXENES ELIJAH GOODFRIEND as MAMILLIUS IAN GOULD as CLOWN, LORD and GENTLEMAN CRISTOFER JEAN as ANTIGONUS, OLD SHEPHERD, SERVANT, LORD and ROGERO JIM LICHTSCHEIDL as AUTOLYCUS, JAILER, CLEOMENES, OFFICER and LORD CHRISTOPHER LIVINGSTON as FLORIZEL and SERVANT KT VOGT as PAULINA and DORCAS LISA WOLPE as CAMILLO, DION, OLDER LADY IN WAITING, and GENTLEMAN Featuring ESTELLE PARSONS as TIME Casting by THE TELSEY OFFICE: KARYN CASL, CSA, and ADA KARAMANYAN. Voice and Text Coach: JULIE FOH Episode scripts were adapted and produced by CATHERINE EATON  Original Music Composition, Sound Design and Mix by LINDSAY JONES. Music Direction by ANDREW FOX. Sound engineering by SADAHARU YAGI and KABBY KABAKOFF. Mix Engineer and Dialogue Editor: LARRY WALSH and ROBERT McNABB. Podcast Mastering by GREG CORTEZ at New Monkey Studio. Coordinating Producer: TRANSCEND STREAMING (KYRA BOWIE and LEANNA KEYES). Managing Producer: ROBERT CAPPADONA. Executive Producer: MICHAEL GOODFRIEND. The Managing Director of Business Operations and Partnerships at Next Chapter Podcasts is SALLYCADE HOLMES. The Play On Podcast Series “THE WINTER'S TALE” is produced by NEXT CHAPTER PODCASTS and is made possible by the generous support of THE HITZ FOUNDATION. Visit NCPODCASTS.COM for more about the Play On Podcast Series. Visit PLAYONSHAKESPEARE.ORG for more about Play On Shakespeare.  Hear more about the Play On Shakespeare Podcast series by subscribing to PLAY ON PREMIUM at NCPODCASTS.COM, where you'll find interviews with the artists, producers and engineers who brought it all to life. And remember: “It is required you do awake your faith.” Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

King Polixenes of Bohemia bids adieu to his childhood friend, King Leontes of Sicilia, after a visit of nine months. Leontes implores him not to leave and prevails on his pregnant wife, Hermione, to persuade him to stay. When Polixenes gives in to Hermione, Leontes goes mad with jealousy and paranoia, convinced that his wife is carrying his best friend's child, not his own. He orders his top advisor, Camillo, to poison Polixenes. CREDITS The Play On Podcast series, “THE WINTER'S TALE”, was translated into modern English verse and directed by TRACY YOUNG.  The Cast is as follows: ELIJAH ALEXANDER as LEONTES KAYLA CARTER as PERDITA and EMILIA GINA DANIELS as HERMIONE, MOPSA, SHEPERD'S SERVANT and PAULINA'S STEWARD RODNEY GARDINER as POLIXENES ELIJAH GOODFRIEND as MAMILLIUS IAN GOULD as CLOWN, LORD and GENTLEMAN CRISTOFER JEAN as ANTIGONUS, OLD SHEPHERD, SERVANT, LORD and ROGERO JIM LICHTSCHEIDL as AUTOLYCUS, JAILER, CLEOMENES, OFFICER and LORD CHRISTOPHER LIVINGSTON as FLORIZEL and SERVANT KT VOGT as PAULINA and DORCAS LISA WOLPE as CAMILLO, DION, OLDER LADY IN WAITING, and GENTLEMAN Featuring ESTELLE PARSONS as TIME Casting by THE TELSEY OFFICE: KARYN CASL, CSA, and ADA KARAMANYAN. Voice and Text Coach: JULIE FOH Episode scripts were adapted and produced by CATHERINE EATON  Original Music Composition, Sound Design and Mix by LINDSAY JONES. Music Direction by ANDREW FOX. Sound engineering by SADAHARU YAGI and KABBY KABAKOFF. Mix Engineer and Dialogue Editor: LARRY WALSH and ROBERT McNABB. Podcast Mastering by GREG CORTEZ at New Monkey Studio. Coordinating Producer: TRANSCEND STREAMING (KYRA BOWIE and LEANNA KEYES). Managing Producer: ROBERT CAPPADONA. Executive Producer: MICHAEL GOODFRIEND. The Managing Director of Business Operations and Partnerships is SALLYCADE HOLMES. The Play On Podcast Series “THE WINTER'S TALE” is produced by NEXT CHAPTER PODCASTS and is made possible by the generous support of THE HITZ FOUNDATION. Visit NCPODCASTS.COM for more about the Play On Podcast Series. Visit PLAYONSHAKESPEARE.ORG for more about Play On Shakespeare.  Hear more about the Play On Shakespeare Podcast series by subscribing to PLAY ON PREMIUM at NCPODCASTS.COM, where you'll find interviews with the artists, producers and engineers who brought it all to life. And remember: “It is required you do awake your faith.” Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Skådeplatsen stundom på Sicilien, stundom i Böhmen. Om ung hotad kärlek... En föreställning med Kungliga Dramatiska teaterns artister.Översättning: C A HagbergI rollerna (i den ordning de förekomma): Anders de Wahl Kung Leontes av Sicilien, Olle Hilding En siciliansk hovman, Josua Bengtsson Paulinas hovmästare, Carl Browallius En domare, Lars Hanson Kung Polyxenes av Böhmen, Arnold Sjöstrand Polyxenes son Florizel, Torsten Winge Böhmiske hovherren Archidamus, Carl Barcklind Perditas förmente far den gamle herden, Frank Sundström Herdens son, Rune Carlsten landstrykaren Autolycus, Harriet Bosse Tiden som Korus, Anna Lindahl Leontes gemål Hermione, Signe Hasso Leontes och Hermiones dotter Perdita, Hjördis Pettersson Antigomus hustru Paulina, Dora Söderberg Herdinnan MopsaMusik: Lars-Erik LarssonRegi: Olov MolanderFöreställningens ljudkvalitet har gåtts igenom och mycket av brus, brum och diverse knäppar som orsakats av tidens tand har reducerats av Andreas Aldervi på Sveriges Radio. Föreställningen, som snart är 85 år gammal är en av de i sin helhet äldst bevarade i vårt arkiv, avlyssnas bäst i lurar.Från 1938.

Xena, Gabrielle and Autolycus investigate the mysterious theft of a statue. Alternate episode title: Ship-shape and Bristol Fashion.

The Cult loves Bruce (obviously). The Cult loves Ted. The Cult REALLY loves Bruce and Ted! Today we revisit the world of Xena Warrior Princess for a tale of two kings! It's Bruce as Autolycus and it's Ted as Joxer AND pulling double duty as the nefarious Jett.Join Eric and Ty for another swashbuckling adventure into the fantastic world of Xena on this episode of Cult of Campbell. Make sure to follow @CultTalkNet on YouTube, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and TikTok for more groovy content. Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/culttalknet)

After all the trauma of the last few weeks we are happy to return to a more lighthearted Xena episode. Autolycus and Joxer join up with the duo this episode for some twin shenanigans that also include Cleopatra for some reason. The Xena timeline is officially off the rails. Bryn and I discuss weird silly things, while enjoying the ability to laugh after four very serious Xena episodes. Join our discussions by sending an email to us at asthechakramturns@gmail.com or find us on our socials with @asthechakram turns for insta and tiktok and @thechakramturns for twitterintro/outtro: Globe trekking by Philip Ayers. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

The famous episode telling how Odysseus was given his significant name by his grandfather Autolycus, a thief. Setting up strategies ahead of time to even the odds against the suitors. The bow contest. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/michael-dolzani/support

Autolycus is back but this time he meets the Warrior Princess herself; Xena played by fellow Ash vs Evil Dead alumnist Lucy Lawless! Is this the original power couple or a match made in hell? Find out as Eric, Ty, Ben and Ian join the hunt for a mysterious artifact in this weeks episode of Cult of Campbell. Make sure to follow @culttalknet on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, TikTok and Patreon for more Groovy content!Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/culttalknet)

All hail the king…of Theives! You can't list the most iconic roles of Brucedom without the Chins iconic run across both Xena and Hercules in the 90s. Eric, Ben and Ty swing into the first installment of this weeks back to back Bruce double feature by taking a look at the first appearance of Autolycus in the world of Hercules. Make sure to follow @culttalknet on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, TikTok and Patreon for more Groovy content!Support the show

Do you have the urge to do a flying kick clear across the room while shrieking at the top of your lungs? Maybe you've instead spent a lot of time oiling up your chakrams. Or perhaps your a bumbling doofus with a stupid hat and an exceptionally talented and famous brother? Well no matter what your issue is the Boob Tube Boys are the remedy as they tackle Xena: Warrior Princess! Van, Brian, and Spencer have the heart of Joxer, the charm of Autolycus, and the raw power and strength of Xena and... I guess Salmoneus' go-get-em attitude?Listen in to find out why Xena is far superior to Hercules as the boys discuss season 3 episode 8: The King of Assassins! If you'd like to watch along you can find all episodes of Xena (and Hercules) streaming for free on Tubi!https://tubitv.com/tv-shows/585417/s03-e08-the-king-of-assassins?start=trueAnd if you like what we do and think all our hard work is worthy of some $$$, find us on Patreon for bonus shows and extra content! patreon.com/bootuinc

Clown-like characters have been around for thousands of years. Jesters date back at least as far as ancient Egypt. Tracing back the figure of the Jester leads us to the mythological trickster. Tricksters are archetypal characters who appear in the myths of many different cultures. They cross and often break both physical and societal rules, violating principles of social and natural order, playfully disrupting normal life and then re-establishing it on a new basis. They openly question and mock authority and usually fond of breaking rules and playing tricks on both humans and gods. Hermes plays this role in some Greek myths. He is the messenger of the gods, patron of thieves and the inventor of lying, a gift he passed on to his son Autolycus. The trickster is also unconstrained by form or gender. In Norse mythology, the trickster Loki is also a shape shifter who could move freely between genders. At one point, he even becomes a mare who later gives birth to Odin's eight-legged horse . This episode is also available as a blog post: http://martinifisher.com/2019/04/26/the-trickter-the-jester-the-clown-the-brief-mythology-and-ancient-history-of-the-harbingers-of-laughter-and-fear/

Autolycus comes in for his swan song as Hercules has to cut the ribbon at a bank opening in Hercules Ep 108: Hercules, Tramps and Thieves.  We meet Autolycus Ex-Wife, and a whole load of single entendres.  Also so much banking. Also we learn that everyone on the panel decided to be bad at walking. Our Own Hercules of Radio: Producer Brian His Faithful Sidekick: Producer Mark The Xena of Podcasts: Meg Her Devoted Partner: Lucas The panel manages to watch Wandavision after freeing another wrench. Our Own Hercules of Radio: Producer Brian His Faithful Sidekick: Producer Mark The Xena of Podcasts: Meg Her Devoted Partner: Lucas

In this episode, the Histories of the Unexpected duo, James and Sam, hit the streets, and leisurely consider the expected history of SHOPPING! Which is all about ancient street vendors in Pompeii, peddlars, William Shakespeare's character Autolycus and The Winter's Tale, trade cards and the material culture of retail, extravagance and would you believe it.....early modern gloves! Who knew! See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

In this episode, the Histories of the Unexpected duo, James and Sam, hit the streets, and leisurely consider the expected history of SHOPPING! Which is all about ancient street vendors in Pompeii, peddlars, William Shakespeare's character Autolycus and The Winter's Tale, trade cards and the material culture of retail, extravagance and would you believe it.....early modern gloves! Who knew! See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Tonight, we’ll read excerpts from "The Feasts of Autolycus", including “On Soup” and “The Incomparable Onion”, published in 1900 and edited by Elizabeth Robins Pennell.Pennell was an American travel writer, columnist, biographer and memoirist. Her biographies included the first in almost a century of the proto-feminist Mary Wollstonecraft, and also one of her uncle the folklorist Charles Godfrey Leland.Coincidentally, Charles Godfrey Leland compiled the book “Algonquin Legends” that the recent Snoozecast episode “Badger the Mischief Maker” was based on.— read by 'N' —

Even though it’s been decades since he was the King of Thieves, Bruce Campbell, says Autolycus will always be part of him. So you better be sure to check his pockets for cinnamon gum when he leaves 7/11. From Hercules to Xena, Bruce talks about his experiences behind the camera and in front of it. Katie and Bruce fangrrl over Lucy and Renee, and play who said it: Xena, Ruby Knowby, or Lucy Lawless.

Chloe and Sara welcome back dear friend and Bruce Campbell enthusiast Jaime Brown, who once again brings her unique perspective to WBB Podcast. We chat about acting techniques, Bruce Campbell, letting your actors have fun, and ableism, and wonder....just how DID that scuba suit of Autolycus' work? Find us on Twitter: http://twitter.com/WBB_Podcast Send us a message on Tumblr: http://warriorsbardsnbrews.tumblr.com If email is your thing, send one to wbbpodcast1@gmail.com Follow our Instagram for beer choices and Podcat: wbb_podcast Thanks to Grace: http://bigmammallama5.tumblr.com/ for our logo! We have merch!: http://www.redbubble.com/people/bigmammallama5 or email us!

Tonight, we'll read excerpts from "The Feasts of Autolycus" , including "An Autumn Dinner" and "The Magnificent Mushroom", published in 1900 and edited by Elizabeth Robins Pennell. Pennell was an American travel writer, columnist, biographer and memoirist. Her biographies included the first in almost a century of the proto-feminist Mary Wollstonecraft, and also one of her uncle the folklorist Charles Godfrey Leland. Coincidentally, Charles Godfrey Leland compiled the book "Algonquin Legends" that the recent Snoozecast episode "Badger the Mischief Maker" was based on.-- read by 'V' -- Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/snoozecast)

Autolycus, Joxer and Meg team up to kidnap a baby, do some hijinks, and steal a priceless treasure, while Chris demonstrates his penchant for acronyms. Meanwhile, Ally is caught off guard by the genuine laugh this episode startled out of her, and a new Patreon goal is introduced. Grab a plate of pickles and some strong cheese, because we're talking about Xena Warrior Princess, Season 4 Episode 10: Key to the Kingdom Follow us on twitter: @XenaWarriorBiz This podcast is the spinoff/sister podcast of SAILOR BUSINESS. Art by @barelysushi. gPodcast edited by @allyspock. Support us on patreon at www.patreon.com/sailorbusiness

This week, Deviboy returns from his exile, and Stephen from Comics2Movies and XCT joins us to discuss a new comic.Devi brings news from the far off land of Nintendo. It's time to get your cameras out for the New Pokemon Snap. Apart from Nintendo's hopeless naming, it's shaping up to be an expanded photography game for the new generation. We all hope they fit in the fun easter eggs and interactions.Oh no, Loot Boxes! Apple are being taken to court for exploiting children via the App Store. We think we've got a solution to the problem too, so be ready to send us your opinions on the system.Supercollider? I hardly know her! CERN are designing a 100km collider almost 4 times the size of the Large Hadron Collider. The LHC failed to open a portal to hell and lead to a demon invasion, but maybe the Future Circular Collider will. Somebody get Doomguy on speed dial.Cyberpunk 2077 is delayed again, but to tide us over until the release a comic series titled Trauma Team. This also gives it the accidental honour of being the first piece of Cyberpunk 2077 to release. Until then, keep working to create a hyper corporate dystopia so we can all live out our Cyberpunk fantasies.In gaming, Professor went up against space card sharks in Star Realms, Deviboy relived his childhood in Raze 2 and Stephen fell in love with Hearthstone.Pokemon Snap now on Nintendo Swtich-https://www.gamespot.com/articles/a-new-pokemon-snap-is-coming-to-switch-and-it-look/1100-6478623/Apple being sued for lootboxes-https://appleinsider.com/articles/20/06/13/apple-sued-for-allowing-apps-with-loot-boxes-onto-app-storeAn even bigger super collider now in the works-https://www.reddit.com/r/science/comments/hdchxl/cern_makes_bold_push_to_build_21billion/-https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/06/european-physicists-boldly-take-small-step-toward-100-kilometer-long-atom-smasherCyberpunk 2077 comic book series announced-https://comicbook.com/gaming/news/cyberpunk-2077-comic-announced/Games PlayedProfessor– Star Realms - https://store.steampowered.com/app/438140/Star_Realms/Rating: 3.75/5Deviboy– Raze 2 - https://armorgames.com/play/12275/raze-2Rating: 3/5Stephen– Hearthstone - https://playhearthstone.com/en-us/Rating: 5/5Other topics discussedMario Party 10 (party video game developed by NDcube and published by Nintendo for the Wii U.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Party_10ZombiU ((known as Zombi on platforms other than the Wii U) is a first-person survival horror video game developed by Ubisoft Montpellier and published by Ubisoft. It was released for the Wii U as one of its launch games in November 2012.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZombiUPokemon Snap (first-person simulation video game with rail shooter style gameplay mechanics co-developed by HAL Laboratory and Pax Softnica and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64. It was first released in Japan in March 1999, and was later released in June 1999 in North America and in September 2000 for PAL regions.A sequel called New Pokémon Snap was announced in 2020 and is in development for Nintendo Switch.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon_SnapNew Pokémon Snap (first-person rail shooter and simulation video game in development by Bandai Namco Studios, planned to be published by Nintendo and The Pokémon Company for the Nintendo Switch. It is a sequel to the 1999 game Pokémon Snap. In New Pokémon Snap, the player visits a variety of island locations, including jungles and beaches, where they research Pokémon in their natural habitats, photographing them while traveling in an on-rails hovercraft, to build a "Photodex".)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Pok%C3%A9mon_SnapVoltorb (Electric-type Pokémon introduced in Generation I.)- https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Voltorb_(Pok%C3%A9mon)Pokemon Unite (upcoming free-to-start,multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) video game developed by TiMi Studios and published by Tencent in partnership with The Pokémon Company for Android,iOS, and Nintendo Switch.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon_Unite- https://www.pokemon.com/us/pokemon-video-games/pokemon-unite/Super Mario Odyssey (platform game developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Switch on October 27, 2017. An entry in the Super Mario series, it follows Mario and Cappy, a sentient hat that allows Mario to control other characters and objects, as they journey across various worlds to save Princess Peach from his nemesis Bowser, who plans to forcibly marry her.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Mario_OdysseyThe 25 Highest-Grossing Media Franchises of All Time. Pokémon being the highest grossing media in global history.- https://www.titlemax.com/discovery-center/money-finance/the-25-highest-grossing-media-franchises-of-all-time/Joe Camel (the advertising mascot for Camel cigarettes from late 1987 to July 12, 1997, appearing in magazine advertisements, billboards, and other print media.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_CamelApple parental control feature stops microtransactions and other activites- https://techcrunch.com/2019/12/10/apples-new-parental-controls-can-limit-who-kids-can-call-text-and-facetime-and-when/Youtube’s COPPA Child-Directed Content Rules- https://variety.com/2020/digital/news/ftc-rules-child-directed-content-youtube-1203454167/80’s Cartoons that were created to sell toys- https://www.eightieskids.com/12-classic-80s-cartoons-that-were-created-just-to-sell-toys/J. Michael Straczynski (American television and film screenwriter, producer and director, and comic book writer. He is the founder of Studio JMS and is best known as the creator of the science fiction television series Babylon 5 and its spinoff Crusade, as well as the series Jeremiah and Sense8. Straczynski wrote Marvel Comics' The Amazing Spider-Man, followed by runs on Thor and Fantastic Four.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Michael_StraczynskiWhy Blizzard Doesn’t Allow Trading in Hearthstone- https://esportsedition.com/hearthstone/hearthtsone-trading/L.O.L Surprise- https://lolsurprise.mgae.com/EA Legal and Government Affairs VP Kerry Hopkins : We look at lootboxes as 'surprise mechanics- https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2019/06/ea-loot-boxes-actually-surprise-mechanics-that-are-ethical-and-fun/EA CEO Andrew Wilson : Lootboxes are like collecting baseball cards- https://www.playstationlifestyle.net/2019/06/20/ea-loot-boxes-discussed-by-the-companys-ceo-andrew-wilson/Kinder Surprise were banned in USA because of the small toys in the eggs- https://metro.co.uk/2017/10/04/why-are-kinder-eggs-banned-in-the-usa-6976543/Diablo Immortal (upcoming action role-playing hack and slash video game in the Diablo series designed for online multiplayer play on mobile devices.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diablo_ImmortalBlizzard Entertainment principal game designer Wyatt Cheng : Do You Guys Not Have Phones (Said during the presentation of mobile game Diablo Immortal at BlizzCon in November 2018. The remark, which was said as an answer to the crowd's disappointment reaction to Diablo Immortal being strictly mobile, has since been used to mock both Blizzard Entertainment and video game publishers acting disconnected from gaming audiences in general.)- https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/do-you-guys-not-have-phonesEntertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) (American self-regulatory organization that assigns age and content ratings to consumer video games. The ESRB was established in 1994 by the Entertainment Software Association, in response to criticism of controversial video games with excessively violent or sexual content.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertainment_Software_Rating_BoardESRB ratings will begin warning players of loot boxes in games. The Entertainment Software Rating Board announced its plans today, stating it would be adding the description “Includes Random Items” in its rating of games that allow players to makein-game purchases of random items.- https://www.vg247.com/2020/04/13/esrb-ratings-loot-boxes/China's new law forces Dota, League of Legends, and other games to reveal odds of scoring good loot- https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/2/15517962/china-new-law-dota-league-of-legends-odds-loot-box-randomLoot box warnings to be added to video games- https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-52281573PEGI Introduces Notice To Inform About Presence of Paid Random Items- https://pegi.info/news/pegi-introduces-feature-noticeAuction House (The Auction House was a feature of the PC version of Diablo III. This allowed players to put items up for auction, bid and buyout. Two versions of the auction house existed.One used gold earned in-game while the second used real-world currency. Sales and purchases from the Real Money Auction House (RMAH) could be funded by either the players Battle.net account balance or a separate e-commerce service such as PayPal.)- https://diablo.fandom.com/wiki/Auction_HouseBudget of NASA (As a federal agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) receives its funding from the annual federal budget passed by the United States Congress.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budget_of_NASACSIRO Budget 2019-2020- https://www.science.org.au/news-and-events/news-and-media-releases/mixed-news-science-2019-20-budgetAvatar: Last Airbender comics (visual publications that depict events and situations unseen during the series' run. Most of the first comics released occur during and between episodes as a means of supplementing the series, while comics released following the conclusion of the show's official run pertain to events after the end of the Hundred Year War.)- https://avatar.fandom.com/wiki/List_of_Avatar:_The_Last_Airbender_comicsBionicle (a line of Lego construction toys marketed primarily towards 8-to-16 year-olds. Over the following decade, it became one of Lego's biggest-selling properties; spawning into a franchise and playing a part in saving the company from its financial crisis of the late 1990s.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bionicle- https://bionicle.fandom.com/wiki/The_Bionicle_WikiTerralympus (by Stephen Kok, Earth is a distant memory and the remnants of humanity now live aboard the space station, Terralympus.)- https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/43181637-terralympusTranshumanism (a philosophical movement that advocates for the transformation of the human condition by developing and making widely available sophisticated technologies to greatly enhance human intellect and physiology.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TranshumanismThe Legend of Korra ((also known as Avatar: The Legend of Korra) is an American animated television series created by Bryan Konietzko andMichael Dante DiMartino for Nickelodeon that aired from April 14, 2012 to December 19, 2014. A sequel to Konietzko and DiMartino's previous series Avatar: The Last Airbender, which aired from 2005 to 2008.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Legend_of_KorraThe Legend of Korra comics (visual publications that depict events and situations unseen before and after the series' run.)- https://avatar.fandom.com/wiki/List_of_The_Legend_of_Korra_comicsAssassin’s Creed Comics- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassin%27s_Creed#Comics- https://www.goodreads.com/list/show/112978.Assassin_s_Creed_ComicsJ. Michael Straczynski’s AMAZING SPIDER-MAN: A Retrospective- https://comicsverse.com/straczynski-amazing-spider-man/Spider-Man: One More Day (four-part 2007comic book crossover storyline, connecting the three main Spider-Man series concurrently published by Marvel Comics at the time. Written by J. Michael Straczynski and Joe Quesada.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spider-Man%3A_One_More_DayThe Witcher (a Polish-American fantasy drama series produced by Lauren Schmidt Hissrich. It stars Henry Cavill, Freya Allan and Anya Chalotra. The show initially follows the three main protagonists at different points of time, exploring formative events that shaped their characters, before eventually merging into a single timeline.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Witcher_(TV_series)Bat-Credit Card (The infamous Bat-Credit Card was a credit card that Batman used when he needed to make monetary transactions. Batman used it in Batman & Robin to offer $7 million for Poison Ivy.)- https://batman.fandom.com/wiki/Bat-Credit_CardBatman: Year One (American comic book story arc published byDC Comics which recounts the superhero Batman's first year as a crime-fighter. It was written by Frank Miller, illustrated by David Mazzucchelli, colored by Richmond Lewis, and lettered by Todd Klein.)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman:_Year_OneCheck out more stuff from Stephen Kok- https://sigmatestudio.com/Check out more stuff from Comics2Movies including XCT & Terralympus- https://www.comics2movies.com.au/Shout Outs20 June 2020 – Aya and the Witch: Official Stills From Studio Ghibli's First Fully CG Film are released - https://www.ign.com/articles/aya-and-the-witch-studio-ghibli-cg-film-stillsStudio Ghibli is doing a long-form adaptation of Diana Wynne Jones’ novel Earwig and the Witch. Titled Aya to Majo (Aya and the Witch), the movie will air on NHK in Japan this winter. Earwig is an orphan girl who has lived at St. Morwald's Home for Children ever since she was a baby, but all of that changes the day that she is adopted by a mysterious woman named Bella Yaga, who turns out to be a terrible witch and brings Earwig to live in her home of supernatural trinkets. With help from a talking cat, Earwig must use her wits to survive in her new magical surroundings. The colourful carousel of images sees a digression from the traditional, hand-drawn animation that Studio Ghibli is well-renowned for. Instead, this feature has opted for a new kind of art style with an entirely 3D computer-generated story that centres around Earwig, the young girl with the broomstick. Hayao Miyazaki is overseeing the adaptation’s planning, while his son Goro, who helmed From Up On Poppy Hill, is directing. Toshio Suzuki is producing.21 June 2020 – Lilo & Stitch turns 18 - https://comicbook.com/movies/news/lilo-and-stitch-fans-celebrate-anniversary-twitter-trend/18 years ago, Lilo & Stitch hit theaters, spawning a franchise still beloved by Disney fans all these years later. After grossing $273.1 million at the box office for Walt Disney animation, the fan-favorite animated feature went on to introduce three more movies and a television series. A year after its release, the Stitch-centric Stitch! The Movie hit theaters and two years after that, Lilo & Stich 2: Stitch Has a Glitch made its way to the masses. The franchise then ended with Leroy & Stitch and Lilo & Stitch: The Series, both of which set sail in 2006. More recently, however, new reports have surfaced that say Disney+ is now developing a hybrid live-action/CGI remake for the platform. Prior to any coronavirus shutdowns, the film was reported to start production later this year. No further information has been released about the project as of now.22 June 2020 – Kurt Cobain's MTV Unplugged guitar sells to Australian for record $9m - https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-22/kurt-cobains-guitar-bought-by-australian-for-9-million/12379316An Australian businessman hopes his purchase of music icon Kurt Cobain's acoustic guitar could help boost the struggling global music industry. The 1959 Martin D-18E guitar was played by Cobain during his 1993 MTV Unplugged performance in New York. It now holds the record for being the most expensive guitar in the world after being purchased by the founder of Rode Microphones, Peter Freedman, for $US6 million ($8.8 million). Mr Freedman plans to display the guitar on a worldwide tour, the proceeds of which will go back to the performing arts sector. "I did it to highlight the massive crisis in the arts," he told ABC Radio Brisbane. "I've got the attention of government, I've got the attention of everyone asking me why I did it." "Musos and entertainers get nothing — it's as though they don't exist," he said. His main motivation is to lobby on behalf of musicians in countries like as Germany, the UK and Australia. "The money that comes from it mightn't be much, but it's the focus on governments, and the effects of this will last forever if I do it right," Mr Freedman."It's not the money we need, it's the people, the support.23 June 2020 – Joel Schumacher passes away at 80 - https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-23/filmmaker-joel-schumacher-dies-at-80/12383008The man behind the flamboyant reinvention of Hollywood's Batman franchise, Joel Schumacher has died. From a job dressing department store windows to costume design for Woody Allen's 1970s movies Interiors and Sleeper, the New Yorker made his mark on the big screen in 1985 with the coming-of-age movie St Elmo's Fire. That project launched the careers of the Brat Pack — Rob Lowe, Demi Moore, Emilio Estevez and Ally Sheedy — and had the movie industry clamouring for more of Schumacher's brilliance. The Lost Boys, Flatliners, John Grisham adaptations The Client and A Time to Kill and the critically acclaimed Falling Down followed. Audiences loved Schumacher's overly dramatic and exuberant Batman Forever in 1995, but panned its follow-up, Batman & Robin in 1997. After theBatman films, Schumacher pulled back from blockbusters and returned to making minimalist films such as Tigerland and Phone Booth, both earning positive reviews. He also directed The Phantom of the Opera , The Number 23, and two episodes of House of Cards. He died from cancer in New York City.24 June 2020 – Segway ends production - https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-24/segway-ends-production-of-vehicle-falls/12386530Segway is ending the production of its namesake vehicle. The two-wheeled personal transporter, which the company boldly claimed would revolutionise the way people got around, will be retired on July 15. While used by tourists and some police forces, the vehicle also became known for high-profile crashes. It even resulted in the death of a former Segway company president, who drove one off a cliff in 2009. The company said 21 employees would be laid off, another 12 employees would stay on for two months to a year, and five would remain at the Bedford, New Hampshire facility. The transportation revolution that inventor Dean Kamen envisioned when he founded the company in 1999 never took off. The Segway's original price tag of around $US5,000 was a hurdle for many customers. It was also challenging to ride, because the rider had to be balanced at a specific angle for the vehicle to move forward. If the rider's weight shifted too much in any direction, it could easily spin out of control and throw the rider off. They were banned in some cities because users could easily lose control if they were not balanced properly. In 2017, Segway got into the scooter business, just as the light, inexpensive and easy-to-ride two-wheelers took over urban streets. It comes after decades of high-profile falls, viral videos and even the death of a former company owner.23 June 2020 – Deus Ex turns 20- https://techraptor.net/gaming/features/deus-ex-20th-anniversary-nameless-mod-retrospective- https://www.techradar.com/au/news/deus-ex-20th-anniversary-programmer-scott-martin-talks-about-working-on-the-pc-gaming-masterpieceIf a game came out today that depicted a world ravaged by a viral outbreak, dehumanized by capitalism, in the throes of mass public riots, gripped by anti-government sentiment, and witnessing the progressive breakdown of American society amid the rise of China as an autonomous superpower, you might think it was too on-the-nose. Twenty years ago however, it was simply the setting of a radical, and somewhat prophetic video game, called Deus Ex. Directed by System Shock producer Warren Spector and designed by future Dishonored creative director Harvey Smith, Deus Ex represented a profound leap in both storytelling and mechanical depth for first-person video games. The game placed players in the role of J.C. Denton, a cybernetically augmented United Nations Anti-Terrorism agent who gradually unravels a web of conspiracies gripping the dark cyberpunk future of 2052. Its sprawling world was dense with philosophical questions, conflicted morality, deep characters, and all the ingredients that make an instant classic; its character customization system and resulting player freedom is still imitated today. It’s success spawned a lukewarm sequel in 2003 withInvisible War, and then a successful revival in 2011 with the prequel Human Revolution and its own sequel in 2016,Mankind Divided. The original game is fondly remembered in PC gaming communities with the meme, “every time you mention it, someone will install it.”. Seven years after its release, Deus Ex served as the basis for one of the most impressive mods of its generation, known only as The Nameless Mod. Reflecting on the original Deus Ex's revered place in PC gaming history, Scott Martin one of the only three programmers tasked with coding the entire game using the very first Unreal Engine, keeps it humble. "I feel honored and privileged to have worked on the game," he said, "and happy that so many people still remember it fondly after all this time!"Remembrances22 June 1965 – David O. Selznick - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_O._SelznickAmerican film producer, screenwriter and film studio executive. He is best known for producing Gone with the Wind (1939) and Rebecca (1940), each earning him an Academy Award for Best Picture. In 1926, Selznick moved to Hollywood, and with the help of his father's connections, he gained a job as an assistant story editor at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. He left MGM for Paramount Pictures in 1928, where he worked until 1931, when he joined RKO as Head of Production. His years at RKO were fruitful, and he worked on many films, including A Bill of Divorcement , Rockabye,Bird of Paradise, and King Kong. Despite his output of successful movies at MGM,Paramount Pictures, and RKO Pictures, Selznick longed to be an independent producer with his own studio. In 1935 he formed Selznick International Pictures, and distributed his films through United Artists. His successes continued with classics such as, A Star Is Born , The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, and Gone with the Wind , which remains the highest-grossing film of all time (adjusted for inflation). Gone with the Wind won eight Oscars and two special awards. He produced his second Best Picture Oscar winner in a row, Rebecca , the first Hollywood production of British director Alfred Hitchcock. Selznick had brought Hitchcock over from England, launching the director's American career. Rebecca was Hitchcock's only film to win Best Picture. Gone with the Wind overshadowed the rest of Selznick's career. Later, he was convinced that he had wasted his life trying to outdo it. The closest he came to matching the film was with Duel in the Sun. With a huge budget, the film is known for causing moral upheaval because of the then risqué script written by Selznick. The film would be a major success. The film was the second highest-grossing film of 1947 and was the first movie that Martin Scorsese saw, inspiring Scorsese's own directorial career. He died from heart attack at the age of 63 in Hollywood, California.22 June 1969 – Judy Garland - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_GarlandBorn Frances Ethel Gumm, American actress, singer, and dancer. During a career that spanned 45 years, she attained international stardom as an actress in both musical and dramatic roles, as a recording artist, and on the concert stage. Garland began performing in vaudeville as a child with her two older sisters and was later signed to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer as a teenager. She appeared in more than two dozen films for MGM and is remembered for portraying Dorothy Gale in The Wizard of Oz. Garland was a frequent on-screen partner of both Mickey Rooney and Gene Kelly. Although her film career became intermittent thereafter, two of Garland's most critically acclaimed performances came later in her career: she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in A Star Is Born (1954) and a nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her role in Judgment at Nuremberg. At age 39, Garland became the youngest and first female recipient of the Cecil B. DeMille Award for lifetime achievement in the film industry. In 1997, Garland was posthumously awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Several of her recordings have been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, and in 1999, the American Film Institute placed her among the 10 greatest female stars of classic American cinema. She died from Barbiturate overdose at the age of 47 in London.22 June 1990 – Ilya Frank - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_FrankIlya Mikhailovich Frank, Soviet winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1958 jointly with Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov and Igor Y. Tamm, also of the Soviet Union. He received the award for his work in explaining the phenomenon of Cherenkov radiation. In 1934, Frank moved to the Institute of Physics and Mathematics of the USSR Academy of Sciences . Here he started working on nuclear physics, a new field for him. He became interested in the effect discovered by Pavel Cherenkov, that charged particles moving through water at high speeds emit light. Together with Igor Tamm, he developed a theoretical explanation: the effect occurs when charged particles travel through an optically transparent medium at speeds greater than the speed of light in that medium, causing a shock wave in the electromagnetic field. The amount of energy radiated in this process is given by the Frank–Tamm formula. The discovery and explanation of the effect resulted in the development of new methods for detecting and measuring the velocity of high-speed nuclear particles and became of great importance for research in nuclear physics. Cherenkov radiation is also widely used in biomedical research for detection of radioactive isotopes. He died at the age of 81 in Moscow.Famous Birthdays22 June 1834 – William Chester Minor - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Chester_MinorAlso known as W. C. Minor, American army surgeon and one of the largest contributors of quotations to the Oxford English Dictionary. He was also held in a psychiatric hospital from 1872 to 1910 after he murdered George Merrett. It was probably through his correspondence with the London booksellers that he heard of the call for volunteers for what was to become the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). He devoted most of the remainder of his life to that work. He became one of the project's most effective volunteers, reading through his large personal library of antiquarian books and compiling quotations that illustrated the way particular words were used. He was often visited by the widow of the man he had killed, and she provided him with further books. The compilers of the dictionary published lists of words for which they wanted examples of usage. Minor provided these, with increasing ease as the lists grew. It was many years before the OED's editor, Dr. James Murray, learned Minor's background history, and visited him in January 1891. In 1899 Murray paid compliment to Minor's enormous contributions to the dictionary, stating, "we could easily illustrate the last four centuries from his quotations alone." He was born in Ceylon22 June 1898 – Erich Maria Remarque - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_RemarqueBorn Erich Paul Remark, 20th-century German novelist. His landmark novel All Quiet on the Western Front (1928), about the German military experience of World War I, was an international best-seller which created a new literary genre, and was subsequently made into the film All Quiet on the Western Front. Remarque had made his first attempts at writing at the age of 16. Among them were essays, poems, and the beginnings of a novel that was finished later and published in 1920 as The Dream Room (Die Traumbude). All Quiet on the Western Front (Im Westen nichts Neues) (1929), his career defining work, was written in 1927. Remarque was at first unable to find a publisher for it. Its text described the experiences of German soldiers during World War I. On publication it became an international bestseller and a landmark work in twentieth-century literature. It inspired a new genre of veterans writing about conflict, and the commercial publication of a wide variety of war memoirs. It also inspired dramatic representations of the war in theatre and cinema, in Germany as well as in countries that had fought in the conflict against the German Empire, particularly the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Remarque continued to write about the German experience after WWI. His next novel, Three Comrades (Drei Kameraden), spans the years of the Weimar Republic, from the hyperinflation of 1923 to the end of the decade. His fourth novel, Flotsam (in German titled Liebe deinen Nächsten, or Love Thy Neighbour), first appeared in a serial version in English in 1939. His next work, the novel Arch of Triumph, was first published in 1945 in English, and the next year in German as Arc de Triomphe. Another instant bestseller, it reached worldwide sales of nearly five million. His final novel was Shadows in Paradise. He as born in Osnabrück,German Empire.22 June 1899 – Richard Gurley Drew - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Gurley_DrewAmerican inventor who worked for Johnson and Johnson, Permacel Co., and 3M in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he invented masking tape and cellophane tape. While testing their new Wetordry sandpaper at auto shops, Drew was intrigued to learn that the two-tone auto paint jobs so popular in the Roaring Twenties were difficult to manage at the border between the two colors. In response, after two years of work in 3M's labs, Drew invented the first masking tape, a two-inch-wide tan paper strip backed with a light, pressure-sensitive adhesive. The first tape had adhesive along its edges but not in the middle. In its first trial run, it fell off the car and the frustrated auto painter growled at Drew, "take this tape back to those Scotch bosses of yours and tell them to put more adhesive on it!" (By "Scotch," he meant "cheap".) The nickname stuck, both to Drew's improved masking tape, and to his 1930 invention, Scotch Brand cellulose tape. In 1930 he came up with the world's first transparent cellophane adhesive tape (called sellotape in the UK and Scotch tape in the United States). During the Great Depression, people began using Scotch tape to repair items rather than replace them. This was the beginning of 3M’s diversification into all manner of marketplaces and helped them to flourish in spite of the Great Depression. He was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota.22 June 1958 – Bruce Campbell - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_CampbellBruce Lorne Campbell, American actor, voice actor, producer, writer and director. One of his best-known roles is Ash Williams in Sam Raimi's Evil Dead franchise, beginning with the 1978 short film Within the Woods. He has starred in many low-budget cult films such as Maniac Cop , Sundown: The Vampire in Retreat, and Bubba Ho-Tep . In television, Campbell had lead roles in The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. and Jack of All Trades , and a recurring role as Autolycus,King of Thieves, in Hercules: The Legendary Journeys and Xena: Warrior Princess . He played Sam Axe on the USA Network series Burn Notice and reprised his role as Ash Williams on the Starz series Ash vs. Evil Dead. Campbell started his directing career with Fanalysis and A Community Speaks, and then with the horror comedy feature films Man with the Screaming Brain and My Name Is Bruce, the latter being a spoof of his career. Campbell is featured as a voice actor in several video game titles. He provides the voice of Ash in the three games based on the Evil Dead film series: Evil Dead: Hail to the King,Evil Dead: A Fistful of Boomstick and Evil Dead: Regeneration. In addition to acting and occasionally directing, Campbell has become a writer, starting with an autobiography, If Chins Could Kill: Confessions of a B Movie Actor, published on August 24, 2002. The autobiography was a successful New York Times Best Seller.If Chins Could Kill follows Campbell's career to date as an actor in low-budget films and television, providing his insight into "Blue-Collar Hollywood". He was born in Royal Oak, Michigan.Events of Interest22 June 1633 – The Holy Office in Rome forces Galileo Galilei to recant his view that the Sun, not the Earth, is the center of the Universe in the form he presented it in, after heated controversy. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_affair#Trial_and_second_judgment,_1633Galileo was interrogated while threatened with physical torture. A panel of theologians, consisting of Melchior Inchofer, Agostino Oreggi and Zaccaria Pasqualigo, reported on the Dialogue. Their opinions were strongly argued in favour of the view that the Dialogue taught the Copernican theory. Galileo was found guilty, and the sentence of the Inquisition, issued on 22 June 1633, was in three essential parts:Galileo was found "vehemently suspect of heresy", namely of having held the opinions that the Sun lies motionless at the center of the universe, that the Earth is not at its centre and moves, and that one may hold and defend an opinion as probable after it has been declared contrary to Holy Scripture. He was required to "abjure, curse, and detest" those opinions.He was sentenced to formal imprisonment at the pleasure of the Inquisition. On the following day this was commuted to house arrest, which he remained under for the rest of his life.His offending Dialogue was banned; and in an action not announced at the trial, publication of any of his works was forbidden, including any he might write in the future.22 June 1978 – End of the World came in theatres in Columbia - https://www.scifihistory.net/june-22.htmlOn this day in 1978 (in Colombia), End of the World served up yet one Apocalyptic-themed SciFi/Thriller. The feature film starred Christopher Lee (in a dual role) and Sue Lyon, and here's the premise as cited "After witnessing a man's death in a bizarre accident, Father Pergado goes on a spiritual retreat, where he encounters his alien double bent on world conquest." For no apparent reason, French distributors cut the movie down to one hour and fifteen minutes for its French theatrical release, Sir Christopher Lee only appearing in its prologue and its conclusion. Sir Christopher Lee has said about this movie: "Some of the films I've been in I regret making. I got conned into making these pictures in almost every case by people who lied to me. Some years ago, I got a call from my producers saying that they were sending me a script and that five very distinguished American actors were also going to be in the film. Actors like José Ferrer, Dean Jagger, and John Carradine. So I thought "Well, that's all right by me". But it turned out it was a complete lie. Appropriately, the film was called End Of The World."22 June 1978 – Charon, the first of Pluto's satellites to be discovered, was first seen at the United States Naval Observatory by James W. Christy. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charon_(moon)#DiscoveryOn June 22, 1978, he had been examining highly magnified images of Pluto on photographic plates taken with the telescope two months prior. Christy noticed that a slight elongation appeared periodically. The blob seemed to move around Pluto. The direction of elongation cycled back and forth over 6.39 days―Pluto's rotation period. Searching through their archives of Pluto images taken years before, Christy found more cases where Pluto appeared elongated. Additional images confirmed he had discovered the first known moon of Pluto. The International Astronomical Union formally announced Christy's discovery to the world on July 7, 1978. After its discovery, Charon was originally known by the temporary designation S/1978 P 1, according to the then recently instituted convention. On June 24, 1978, Christy first suggested the name Charon as a scientific-sounding version of his wife Charlene's nickname, "Char".IntroArtist – Goblins from MarsSong Title – Super Mario - Overworld Theme (GFM Trap Remix)Song Link -https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GNMe6kF0j0&index=4&list=PLHmTsVREU3Ar1AJWkimkl6Pux3R5PB-QJFollow us onFacebook- Page - https://www.facebook.com/NerdsAmalgamated/- Group - https://www.facebook.com/groups/440485136816406/Twitter - https://twitter.com/NAmalgamatedSpotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/6Nux69rftdBeeEXwD8GXrSiTunes -https://itunes.apple.com/au/podcast/top-shelf-nerds/id1347661094RSS -http://www.thatsnotcanonproductions.com/topshelfnerdspodcast?format=rssInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/nerds_amalgamated/Email - Nerds.Amalgamated@gmail.comSupport via Podhero- https://podhero.com/podcast/449127/nerds-amalgamatedRate & Review us on Podchaser - https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/nerds-amalgamated-623195

Bruce Campbell! PLUS pressure point fights, rock sugar switch-a-roos, and Gabby joins a cult! MEANWHILE Justine researches Autolycus, King of Thieves, and Hayley researches the Ark of the Covenant.Like what we're doing? Rate, subscribe, and review on your preferred podcast platform!For more Xena content, follow us!IG @IATOAG_TheXenaPodcastFB @IATOAGTheXenaPodcastFor exclusive content check out our Patreon ! Need some IATOAG merch? Check out our Teespring shop !

Footloose - Xena Episode 74: A Tale of Two Muses - Seriously 5 minutes of this episode is dancing.  Autolycus and Tara are both kind of wasted, everything is wasted. Mark brings us tales from the sleepy morning, and Meg brings us up to date on all her Descendants. Mount Olympus is a product of Retrograde Orbit Radio, and is brought to you by the following Retrograde Orbit Radio players: Our Own Hercules of Radio: Brian His Faithful Sidekick: Producer Mark The Xena of Podcasts: Meg Her Devoted Partner: Lucas Find us on Facebook or Twitter @MountOlympusPod Email the show: MountOlympusPod@gmail.com Check out our website: www.retrogradeorbitradio.com

  And now for something completely different: Hercules Episode 85 - Genies and Grecians and Geeks, Oh My.  Hercules is offscreen somewhere in Erie, and Salmoneus and Autolycus are here to steal a lamp and get into hijinks.  And become meathead Salmoneus as they dare to try and use their wishes from a Genie to best....apparently a Sultan named Sultan. Also Mark has a midlife crisis. Mount Olympus is a product of Retrograde Orbit Radio, and is brought to you by the following Retrograde Orbit Radio players: Our Own Hercules of Radio: Producer Brian His Faithful Sidekick: Producer Mark The Xena of Podcasts: Meg Her Devoted Partner: Lucas  

This episode took Chris's love of Autolycus and Ally's love of boat stuff and SPAT IN OUR FACES. A fuckboy, a toothman and a slave owner walk into a boat. What do you get? A boring, pretty useless episode where the only joy seemed to come from Lucy Lawless sending wet cabbages floating past Renee O'connor. Follow us on twitter: @XenaWarriorBiz This podcast is the spinoff/sister podcast of SAILOR BUSINESS. Art by @barelysushi. The Dan Scrolls by @dancassino. Podcast edited by @allystawk. Support us on patreon at www.patreon.com/sailorbusiness

Sometimes everyone just has to agree something never happened like Xena Episode 66 - Vanishing Act.  A very large yet also very normal sized statue is stolen and the King of Thieves has to reverse thief it back! The premise is the only thing solid as Xena, Gabby, and Autolycus quest for peace.  This is an episode where everyone 'makes choices' The podcast crew recommends podcasts and nearly comes to blows over pie, and pie adjacent desserts. Mount Olympus is a product of Retrograde Orbit Radio, and is brought to you by the following Retrograde Orbit Radio players: Our Own Hercules of Radio: Brian His Faithful Sidekick: Producer Mark The Xena of Podcasts: Meg Her Devoted Partner: Lucas Find us on Facebook or Twitter @MountOlympusPod Email the show: MountOlympusPod@gmail.com Check out our website: www.retrogradeorbitradio.com

  We still haven't paid the lease off on that boat in Xena Episode 65: Tsunami.  Autolycus is here getting sent to the Diamond Mine on purpose, as is his future Jack of All Trades Costar in a throwaway subplot. Also swimming into volcanic geysers is totally safe and the panel explores what tropes do we always fall in love with no matter how poorly done. Mount Olympus is a product of Retrograde Orbit Radio, and is brought to you by the following Retrograde Orbit Radio players: Our Own Hercules of Radio: Brian His Faithful Sidekick: Producer Mark The Xena of Podcasts: Meg Her Devoted Partner: Lucas Find us on Facebook or Twitter @MountOlympusPod Email the show: MountOlympusPod@gmail.com Check out our website: www.retrogradeorbitradio.com  

We delve into the complicated romantic thieving life of Autolycus in Hercules Episode 77: My Fair Cupcake.  Hercules is off trying to stop a civil war or some such nonsense about burning a bakery while Iolaus finds himself with Autolycus who is running a scam that only he knows about with our dear dancer Cupcake.  Also a prince clearly is running his country badly. Also wall to wall ice cream and wall to wall musical talk. Mount Olympus is an episode by episode review of the smash 90s television programs "Hercules: The Legendary Journeys" and its spinoff "Xena: Warrior Princess," which still enjoy unparalleled cultural relevance today! Or ... at least they do in the hearts of our hosts. Kevin Sorbo, Lucy Lawless, Michael Hurst, Renee O'Connor and friends (along with fan favorite Bruce Campbell!) stomp, fight, and flirt their way through the New Zealand countryside - and we break it down week by week. Mount Olympus is a product of Retrograde Orbit Radio, and is brought to you by the following Retrograde Orbit Radio players: Our Own Hercules of Radio: Producer? Brian His Faithful Sidekick: Producer Mark The Xena of Podcasts: Meg Her Devoted Partner: Lucas

This week, Xena and Gabrielle, lead by Autolycus, earn their stripes as master thieves in a mission to recover a stolen statue.  Join us as we discuss season three, episode 20 of Xena Warrior Princess, "Vanishing Act."   Follow us on Twitter:   @subtextchakrams   Catherine: @CMeushaw   Devon: @KDevNic   email us at subtextandchakrams@gmail.com

Hercules is nowhere to be seen but Salmoneus and Autolycus get in a jam that can only be solved by the power of dance herself the Widow Twankey and the power of not quite love with Cupcake. Also belated Eurovision discussion and a lot of feelings about cake, the dessert. Mount Olympus is an episode by episode review of the smash 90s television programs "Hercules: The Legendary Journeys" and its spinoff "Xena: Warrior Princess," which still enjoy unparalleled cultural relevance today! Or ... at least they do in the hearts of our hosts. Kevin Sorbo, Lucy Lawless, Michael Hurst, Renee O'Connor and friends (along with fan favorite Bruce Campbell!) stomp, fight, and flirt their way through the New Zealand countryside - and we break it down week by week. Mount Olympus is a product of Retrograde Orbit Radio, and is brought to you by the following Retrograde Orbit Radio players: Our Own Hercules of Radio: Producer? Brian His Faithful Sidekick: Producer Mark The Xena of Podcasts: Meg Her Devoted Partner: Lucas

Joxer has a twin brother, Autolycus is a creep, and not even Gina Torres could save this episode. Join us as we discuss season three, episode eight of Xena Warrior Princess, "The King of Assassins."   Follow us on Twitter: @subtextchakrams Catherine: @CMeushaw Devon: @KDevNic   email us at subtextandchakrams@gmail.com

  Season 4 starts right out of the gate off the rails in Hercules Episode 60: Beanstalks and Bad Eggs. Typhoon (brother of Typhon) is here and is all about the pantomime dance, Leanna is here with advanced Stockholm Syndrome and Hercules and Autolycus are working for ancient greek make-a-wish. Also the Christmas season is upon as as we listen to music, but also fight the defensive war on Christmas. (Where Christmas is the aggressor.)   The panel goes all in on musicals, and Brian throws a musical under the bus! Mount Olympus is an episode by episode review of the smash 90s television programs "Hercules: The Legendary Journeys" and its spinoff "Xena: Warrior Princess," which still enjoy unparalleled cultural relevance today! Or ... at least they do in the hearts of our hosts. Kevin Sorbo, Lucy Lawless, Michael Hurst, Renee O'Connor and friends (along with fan favorite Bruce Campbell!) stomp, fight, and flirt their way through the New Zealand countryside - and we break it down week by week. Mount Olympus is a product of Retrograde Orbit Radio, and is brought to you by the following Retrograde Orbit Radio players: Our Own Hercules of Radio: Producer? Brian His Faithful Sidekick: Producer Mark The Xena of Podcasts: Meg Her Devoted Partner: Lucas

Gabrielle breaks her promise to Xena in order to save the Amazon nation from a power hungry Queen, not quite completely dead Xena possesses Autolycus to get her body and some ambrosia, and XENA KISSES GABRIELLE. Join us as we discuss season 2, episode 13, "The Quest" as calmly as possible. Which is not very calmly At. All.   Follow us on Twitter: @subtextchakrams Catherine: @CMeushaw Dany: @XanDany Devon: @KDevNic   email us at subtextandchakrams@gmail.com

Welcome back once again as we tackle Hercules Episode 56 - The End of the Beginning. Herc gains time travel and goes after Hitl.....no wait, that's too far in the future. Herc and Autolycus go back in time and get straight to ignoring rules of time travel and its implications.  Herc and Autolycus both meet the person they currently love the most.  (Herc's wife...well 2nd wife...the one who is dead....well the 2nd one who is dead.) (Autolycus just meets a younger version of himself.) The panel dances around an empty Jeopardy Board and calls out the Deadpool movies for missing the obvious opportunity to sing the 90s X-Men theme song.

Xena's Deaaaaaaaaaaaaaad in Xena Episode 37: The Quest Gabby shines in this episode as Amazon Warrior Queen and Autolycus shows the world he is the master thief!  Also Iolaus arrives and departs as quickly as possible. Also listen to the podcast panel commit the cardinal sin of talking about their roleplaying party. Mount Olympus is an episode by episode review of the smash 90s television programs "Hercules: The Legendary Journeys" and its spinoff "Xena: Warrior Princess," which still enjoy unparalleled cultural relevance today! Or ... at least they do in the hearts of our hosts. Kevin Sorbo, Lucy Lawless, Michael Hurst, Renee O'Connor and friends (along with fan favorite Bruce Campbell!) stomp, fight, and flirt their way through the New Zealand countryside - and we break it down week by week. Mount Olympus is a product of Retrograde Orbit Radio, and is brought to you by the following Retrograde Orbit Radio players: Our Own Hercules of Radio: Brian His Faithful Sidekick: Producer Mark The Xena of Podcasts: Meg Her Devoted Partner: Lucas Find us on Facebook or Twitter @MountOlympusPod Email the show: MountOlympusPod@gmail.com Check out our website: www.retrogradeorbitradio.com

Show's over, folks. Xena, the warrior princess, is dead. We are joined by special guest James D'Amato (@OneShotRPG), a noted fan of kissing. He brings with him the spirit of gaming as we discuss the D&D-friendly themes that appear on the show, and in this particular episode. Autolycus, the king of thieves, shows up, channeling the spirit of Xena, while Gabrielle channels the spirit of a dom. We also discuss what our coffinsonas would look like. Coffins that look exactly like us, that is. Let go and hold on, listeners, because when the lips are lockin', don't come a knockin'! Follow us on twitter: @XenaWarriorBiz This podcast is the spinoff/sister podcast of SAILOR BUSINESS. Art by @barelysushi. The Dan Scrolls by @dancassino. Podcast edited by @allystawk. Support us on patreon at www.patreon.com/sailorbusiness

Everyone loves The Quest! This week, we get emotional over Autolycus (well, Chloe does), discuss the mechanics of ambrosia, and marvel at the sheer amount of boob imagery contained in the episode's mere 42 minutes. Find us on Twitter: http://twitter.com/WBB_Podcast Send us a message on Tumblr: http://warriorsbardsnbrews.tumblr.com If email is your thing, send one to wbbpodcast1@gmail.com Follow our Instagram for beer choices and Podcat: wbb_podcast Thanks to Grace http://bigmammallama5.tumblr.com/ for our logo!

In this week's episode we explore the Seven of Swords and Trickster Gods and Goddesses, and other fun stories. The Seven of Swords is about trickery, thievery, and indecision. Most pantheons have a trickster god like Hermes, Prometheus, and Loki. Today we examine Autolycus and Laverna, as well as some Spartan fables. How to get in touch with us Facebook: www.facebook.com/groups/mythtarotlove/ Email: mythtarotlove@gmail.com Instagram: @mythtarotlove Patreon: www.patreon.com/mythtarotlove

Big Mouts Sponsorship, Suboptimal brisket experiences, Neville Craw's ability to figure stuff out, getting real Texas BBQ courtesy of Arby's, tust on the gum, the wild west of evil eyes, a good ajax, an inclinometer vs an astrolabe proper, a lot of vertical lines, License to 3, Autolycus vs Metallica's dad, and a big Load of diet Cheerwine.

This week on XENA: WARRIOR PODCAST, move your body! Join dancing queens Vera, Katie, and Livy as we sashay our way through 4x06 “A Tale of Two Muses,” XWP’s joyous homage to the 80’s classic, ‘Footloose.’ We discuss the episode’s playful political satire as it takes on social conservatism, censorship, repressive religious regimes, and corrupt authoritarians -- all explored through the medium of dance. Dance? DANCE! Plus: the return of Tara and Tara’s terrible wig, Autolycus dressed as a beekeeping Victorian ghost, Gabrielle the Riverdancing rebel, and Lucy Lawless cutting very, very loose. The funky chicken, seriously?!?!    The power, the passion, the podcast! Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/xenawarriorpodcast  iTunes: http://apple.co/2f0NAIM Twitter: @xenawarriorpod Tumblr: xenawarriorpodcast.tumblr.com Facebook: facebook.com/xenawarriorpodcast ———————————————————————— Vera: (@hollywoodgrrl) Katie: (@katetocci) Livy: (@PonderousLivy) Music: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/A_Hawk_and_a_Hacksaw/

Topic: Linus, Sheepddog, Rumplestiltskin, Time Bandits, Musk Ox, Dragonfly, Autolycus. Not secret code, and not the usual macho names for military strategies. In fact, these are some of the 80 'patterns of strategy', in the book by the same name from Patrick Hoverstadt and Lucy Loh, together Fractal Consulting. They discuss how the whole field of approaches business strategy are lacking, and how their new book and 'board game' help organisations across sectors see (and even accept) their strategic position - and grasp possible responses. And then, it's our loyal technician Chuck's birthday. Chuck has to bleep out JP's snoring and Antlerboy's swearing, so we make sure we put in some birthday surprises for him... Hosts: Joseph Paris, Founder of the OpEx Society & The XONITEK Group of Companies Benjamin Taylor,  Managing Partner of RedQuadrant, and Chief Executive of the Public Service Transformation Academy. Guests: Lucy Loh, Patrick Hoverstadt Lucy Loh LinkedIn Fractal Consulting Their Book Patrick Hoverstadt LinkedIn About Lucy: Lucy has worked as a consultant since 1996 in both public and private sector organisations and in several countries, supporting clients who have complex challenges mainly to do with strategy, organisation design and development, performance and change. She specialises in using systems approaches for analysing and designing organisations, and for development of strategy.   She has developed and used methodologies and tools in several linked areas, including: ·         Business strategy ·         Organisation development ·         Business models ·         Benefits management ·         Portfolio management   Lucy joined Fractal in 2012 having previously worked as an internal consultant within several FTSE blue chip companies, working on a range of management issues. She has worked for clients including MoD, AstraZeneca, BAE Systems, and the NHS. She has a BA in Engineering Science from Oxford University and her career has spanned business analysis, project management, and consulting. She is a Master Practitioner of Neuro Linguistic Programming with INLPTA and is an accredited trainer of strategic leadership with the Institute of Leadership and Management.  She has written a number of research papers, speaks regularly at conferences and is co-author of a book on a systemic approach to strategy - Patterns of Strategy. About Patrick: Patrick has worked as a consultant since 1995 with organisations in both the private and public sector, mainly on issues to do with organisational structure and change. He specialises in using systems approaches for analysing and designing organisations and work processes. Patrick is a specialist in working with very large complex organisations including whole sectors. He has developed methodologies for several difficult business problems. He has worked on many restructuring projects, analysing structural weaknesses, designing appropriate solutions and practical change plans. Patrick ran an engineering business for 13 years before becoming a consultant. He has written numerous research papers, is a regular keynote speaker at conferences, has contributed to several books on systems, organisation and management, is the author of a book on organisation published by Wiley in 2008 and co-author of a book on a systemic approach to strategy published by Gower in 2017. He chairs SCiO a group of systems practitioners and is a Visiting Research Fellow at Cranfield School of Management.

All hail the King of Thieves this week on XENA: WARRIOR PODCAST! Vera, Katie, and Livy watch an Autolycus double feature, because double the Bruce Campbell is never a bad thing. First we discuss 3x19 “Tsunami,” Xena’s tense, breathless take on a disaster movie, which features many excellent examples of sexy wetness, some questionable underwater science, and a whopper of a dead-Gabs fakeout. Then it’s on to 3x20 “Vanishing Act,” a featherweight ep that is really just an excuse for Autolycus and company to don a variety of silly, oftentimes cringe-worthy disguises. We still love ya, Auto baby!!! The power, the passion, the podcast! Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/xenawarriorpodcast  iTunes: http://apple.co/2f0NAIM Twitter: @xenawarriorpod Tumblr: xenawarriorpodcast.tumblr.com Facebook: facebook.com/xenawarriorpodcast ———————————————————————— Vera: (@hollywoodgrrl) Katie: (@katetocci) Livy: (@PonderousLivy) Music: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/A_Hawk_and_a_Hacksaw/

The Winter's Tale – Act V scene 2-3 – Autolycus is told about the amazing events that happened off stage, and everyone gathers for one last miracle.

The Winter's Tale – Act IV scene 4 part 2 – Perdita and Florizel face an unknown future, Camillo plots his return to Sicilia, and Autolycus seizes an unexpected opportunity. Botanical Shakespeare A Shakespearean Botanical

Oh my Goddess, it’s time for another episode of XENA: WARRIOR PODCAST! This week Vera, Katie, and Livy embark on a quest: 2x13 “The Quest,” that is! This integral ep is a wild ride, with tragic soliloquies following right on the heels of screwball silliness. We discuss Autolycus’s swaggering return to the Xenaverse, Gabrielle’s emerging leadership skills, Xena’s lookalike coffin, and most importantly, THE KISS. The plot is so epic it continues into 2x14 “A Necessary Evil.” We compare/contrast the ep’s two lady villain-gods: the thinly sketched, high camp Amazon autocrat, Velasca, and increasingly complex, self destructive live wire, Callisto. Plus: Gabrielle moves on from dead BFOTW Perd (finally!), Callisto goes full Gollum, and nothing good ever happens near a lava pit! The power, the passion, the podcast! iTunes: http://apple.co/2f0NAIM Twitter: @xenawarriorpod Tumblr: xenawarriorpodcast.tumblr.com Facebook: facebook.com/xenawarriorpodcast ———————————————————————— Vera: (@hollywoodgrrl) Katie: (@katetocci) Livy: (@PonderousLivy) Music: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/A_Hawk_and_a_Hacksaw/

The Bruce is loose this week on XENA: WARRIOR PODCAST! Bruce Campbell makes his first appearance as Autolycus in 1x17, “The Royal Couple of Thieves,” bringing with him his signature comedy stylings and Robin Hood-y charisma. Vera, Katie, and Livy discuss his screwball chemistry with Lucy Lawless and his unique ability to play the role of leading man without pulling focus from the leading lady. Then we move on to 1x18, “The Prodigal,” an important Gabrielle episode in which she gets her own leading man, down-on-his-luck warrior Meleager. We discuss the war trauma that underscores their bond (Gabrielle so has a damaged hero fetish...) and how her experience with Meleager helps Gabrielle overcome her crisis of confidence. We also talk about the return of Lila and the importance of sisterly -- and not so sisterly -- relationships on the show. Cue our “Be More Gay” song! The power, the passion, the podcast! iTunes: http://apple.co/2f0NAIM Twitter: @xenawarriorpod Tumblr: xenawarriorpodcast.tumblr.com Facebook: facebook.com/xenawarriorpodcast ———————————————————————— Vera: (@hollywoodgrrl) Katie: (@katetocci) Livy: (@PonderousLivy) Music: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/A_Hawk_and_a_Hacksaw/

This week's Episode: Hercules Season 2, Episode 1 The gang cracks into season 2 after a spirited discussion on the Christmas Spirit. Join us for the first appearance of Autolycus, played by the legendary Bruce Campbell, and find out how our little podcast is only one step removed from The Legendary Journeys! Mount Olympus is an episode by episode review of the smash 90s television programs "Hercules: The Legendary Journeys" and its spinoff "Xena: Warrior Princess," which still enjoy unparalleled cultural relevance today! Or ... at least they do in the hearts of our hosts. Kevin Sorbo, Lucy Lawless, and friends (along with fan favorite Bruce Campbell!) stomp, fight, and flirt their way through the New Zealand countryside - and we break it down week by week. Mount Olympus is a product of Retrograde Orbit Radio, and is brought to you by the following Retrograde Orbit Radio players: Our Own Hercules of Radio: Brian His Faithful Sidekick: Producer Mark The Xena of Podcasts: Meg Her Devoted Partner: Lucas Find us on Facebook or Twitter @MountOlympusPod Email the show: MountOlympusPod@gmail.com Check out our website: www.retrogradeorbitradio.com

Episodio 25. * Observación lunar. Terraza de casa, telescopio Newton de 25 cm., varios mapas y atlas lunares al lado del telescopio… La sencillez manda. Los aumentos son siempre comedidos, 110, 180… a lo sumo 200 y poco. Por una parte porque más aumentos sin seguimiento son incómodos de sobrellevar y por otra porque quiero que las observaciones lunares que estoy dejando en estos programas sean compatibles y disfrutables por la mayoría de tamaños de telescopios. Aun así, os emplazo a que me hagáis saber si preferís zonas más amplias de las que estoy reportando, zonas o detalles más concretos o… si sigo como hasta el momento y continuo haciendo lo que me da la gana. Jeje. Mare Imbrium, cráter Platón, Montes Alpes y Montes Teneriffe, cráteres Le Verrier y Helicon, Mons Piton, Mons Pico y cráter Piazzi Smith, cráteres Cassini y Theaeteus, Palus Putredinis, Aristilus junto a un cráter fantasma de tipo palimpsesto, Autolycus y Archimedes, con los vecinos Bancroft, Beer y Feullée. * Promo del podcast No Es Asunto Vuestro, de @VictorCorreal https://twitter.com/VictorCorreal http://www.noesasuntovuestro.com * Despedida y formas de contacto para consultas, preguntas y dudas: - Web: nestorgm.com/astronomia/ - Twitter: @Luces_X - Correo: lucex@nestorgm.com - iTunes: https://itun.es/i6Sg8ym - iVoox: http://www.ivoox.com/podcast-luces-extranas_sq_f1234211_1.html - Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3iEkTJs8B6sOxsWnUTwgyf?si=t5fTPg_qRnWmfhrdPrzZNA

The beginning of the story of Jason and his legendary Argonauts doesn't start with Jason, but with Zeus being...well, Zeus, and kidnapping an unsuspecting woman. There is a dragon, a giant bronze robot, and court intrigue, leading to some familiar names coming back to help Jason travel to a faraway land and obtain the golden fleece. Those names include Hercules, Theseus, Laertes (father of Odysseus), Autolycus, Peleus (the father of Achilles), Augeus (with the legendarily dirty stables), and more. It's the biggest meetup of everyone we've met so far...well, everyone that isn't in Hades (Sisyphus) tied to a rock (Prometheus) or wandering blind through a plain (Bellerophon). The creature looks so much like a normal person it's uncanny. I mean, he looks like a normal person once you get past his humorously big ears, nose, and hands. And his gray skin...that sometimes glows. Ok, he looks nothing like a normal person. Sponsors: Check out new sponsor Harry's Razors for a free shave kit (just pay shipping, but that's only like $3): http://www.harrys.com/ and use the code MYTHS and checkout. Like listening to stories by professionals who don't fumble the pronunciations constantly? Check out http://www.audible.com/myths Say "hi" on Twitter! Say "good day" on Facebook! Music: "The Longshoreman" by Blue Dot Sessions "Spell" by Rolemusic "Poor Wayfaring Stranger" by Podington Bear "One Dirty Sleeve" by Blue Dot Sessions "Micolai" by Blue Dot Sessions "Haena" by Blue Dot Sessions "Discovery Harbor" by Blue Dot Sessions "Space (Outro)" by Andy G. Cohen "Castle Theme" by Visager