Podcasts about Douglas Engelbart

Jon and Keith are back at it ladies and gentleman. We are here at the Shat Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, in a highly guarded and secretive location in of all places, Alabama, with some exciting SHAT to share with you. So, have you ever heard of Douglas Engelbart? We hadn't either until recently. He is most famously known as the inventor of the ubiquitous computer input device known as the mouse! But there's much more you fabulous flumadiddlers. On December 9th of the tumultuous year of our Lord, 1968, he did a thing! A big thing! He demonstrated the future of computing, or as the wikipedias puts it... He did a 90-minute presentation demonstrating for the first time many of the fundamental elements of modern personal computing: windows, hypertext, graphics, efficient navigation and command input, video conferencing, the computer mouse, word processing, dynamic file linking, revision control, and a collaborative real-time editor. Engelbart's presentation was the first to publicly demonstrate all of these elements in a single system.  So sit back and enjoy as we caress your earholes with this amazing story.

Une alternative éthique et française à ChatGPT : un véritable défi civilisationnel ? Dans cet épisode, nous plongeons encore une fois dans le monde de l'intelligence artificielle et plus spécifiquement des larges modèles de langage (LLM). En se concentrant sur le projet audacieux d'OpenLLM qui vise à créer un LLM éthique, souverain et basé sur des données françaises. Notre invité Michel-Marie Maudet, tête de proue du projet OpenLLM, partagera avec nous les défis techniques et les questions éthiques auxquelles il fait face au cœur de la concurrence mondiale féroce du secteur de l'IA. Sujets abordés : - Collecte éthique et responsable des données - Influence cruciale de données de qualité sur les performances- Importance de la collaboration et de la fédération des initiatives LLM en Europe- Automatisation des tâches et renforcement de la créativité grâce aux LLM- Impact économique et social potentiel des LLMIntervenants : - Michel-Marie Maudet, facilitateur et animateur d'OpenLLM France- Silvain Evrard, CEO de Zenity- Karim Hafsi, host de QualityTime

Fri, 01 Mar 2024 19:30:00 GMT http://relay.fm/rd/229 http://relay.fm/rd/229 A Layer of Proscenium 229 Merlin Mann and John Siracusa Follow-up, Billy Joel, and Apple Vision Pro. Follow-up, Billy Joel, and Apple Vision Pro. clean 8638 Subtitle: You have desk at home.Follow-up, Billy Joel, and Apple Vision Pro. This episode of Reconcilable Differences is sponsored by: Squarespace: Save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain using code DIFFS. Links and Show Notes: John doesn't like how Merlin starts the show but, unsurprisingly, has nothing better to offer. Counting is discussed. Then, there's a tangent on the peculiar joys of long-running videos series. Then there's a lot of really good listener Follow-Up, including new Things It Took You Too Long to Realize plus more examples of movies that don't seem to understand the sport that they're about. Merlin confesses that Ry is his only friend. Next up is some fascinating FU on the ways non-English languages handle plurals. John demands Merlin find out whether his kid knows what a jellyroll is and directly implies that Merlin also does not know what a jellyroll is. It seems like your hosts are about to talk about Apple Vision Pro when Merlin suddenly remembers there's very important new content from Dr. William Martin Joel that requires immediate discussion. John thinks he kinda looks like a Sontaran. Then your hosts talk about Apple Vision Pro for a pretty long time. (Recorded on Tuesday, February 20, 2024) Credits Audio Editor: Jim Metzendorf Admin Assistance: Kerry Provenzano Music: Merlin Mann The Suits: Stephen Hackett, Myke Hurley Get an ad-free version of the show, plus a monthly extended episode. Scansion Rebuilding the historic Tally Ho sailing ship: Sampson Boat Co - YouTube Playlist On Cinema at the Cinema - YouTube Playlist Tim Heidecker's On Cinema at the Cinema: An Under-Appreciated Masterpiece - YouTube"Tim Heidecker's On Cinema at the Cinema is a web series created by Tim Heidecker and Gregg Turkington. Well, web series is reductive... its more like a cinematic universe... the OCU?" Hero (2002) Dual (Grammatical Number) Japanese Counters A funny video about Japanese counters - YouTube Language Plural Rules from the Unicode CLDR Jelly Roll Billy Joel: Turn the Lights Back On (Music Video) The Sunrise Wildfire of 1995 The Mother of All Demos, presented by Douglas Engelbart (1968) Ry :ducked: (@ry@duck.haus) - duck.hausMerlin&

Fri, 01 Mar 2024 19:30:00 GMT http://relay.fm/rd/229 http://relay.fm/rd/229 Merlin Mann and John Siracusa Follow-up, Billy Joel, and Apple Vision Pro. Follow-up, Billy Joel, and Apple Vision Pro. clean 8638 Subtitle: You have desk at home.Follow-up, Billy Joel, and Apple Vision Pro. This episode of Reconcilable Differences is sponsored by: Squarespace: Save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain using code DIFFS. Links and Show Notes: John doesn't like how Merlin starts the show but, unsurprisingly, has nothing better to offer. Counting is discussed. Then, there's a tangent on the peculiar joys of long-running videos series. Then there's a lot of really good listener Follow-Up, including new Things It Took You Too Long to Realize plus more examples of movies that don't seem to understand the sport that they're about. Merlin confesses that Ry is his only friend. Next up is some fascinating FU on the ways non-English languages handle plurals. John demands Merlin find out whether his kid knows what a jellyroll is and directly implies that Merlin also does not know what a jellyroll is. It seems like your hosts are about to talk about Apple Vision Pro when Merlin suddenly remembers there's very important new content from Dr. William Martin Joel that requires immediate discussion. John thinks he kinda looks like a Sontaran. Then your hosts talk about Apple Vision Pro for a pretty long time. (Recorded on Tuesday, February 20, 2024) Credits Audio Editor: Jim Metzendorf Admin Assistance: Kerry Provenzano Music: Merlin Mann The Suits: Stephen Hackett, Myke Hurley Get an ad-free version of the show, plus a monthly extended episode. Scansion Rebuilding the historic Tally Ho sailing ship: Sampson Boat Co - YouTube Playlist On Cinema at the Cinema - YouTube Playlist Tim Heidecker's On Cinema at the Cinema: An Under-Appreciated Masterpiece - YouTube"Tim Heidecker's On Cinema at the Cinema is a web series created by Tim Heidecker and Gregg Turkington. Well, web series is reductive... its more like a cinematic universe... the OCU?" Hero (2002) Dual (Grammatical Number) Japanese Counters A funny video about Japanese counters - YouTube Language Plural Rules from the Unicode CLDR Jelly Roll Billy Joel: Turn the Lights Back On (Music Video) The Sunrise Wildfire of 1995 The Mother of All Demos, presented by Douglas Engelbart (1968) Ry :ducked: (@ry@duck.haus) - duc

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Douglas Engelbart demonstrated how two people connected over a network could work together editing a document at the same time in 1968. It took much longer to see a real product.Featuring Tom Merritt.Episode Transcript available here. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Starting out as a signals decoder for the air force, through to working for Nolan Bushnell's Chuck E. Cheese Pizza Time Theatre on its ill-fated Kadabrascope animation initiative, Autodesk, VRML and so many others, Owen Rowley is a man of a thousand lives in tech. Heck, he may have even helped invent the mousepad. Listen to some amazing stories, from the dawn of the computer age through to the rough and tumble world of the dot com bubble. Recorded April 2023 Get us on your mobile device: Android:  https://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly92aWRlb2dhbWVuZXdzcm9vbXRpbWVtYWNoaW5lLmxpYnN5bi5jb20vcnNz iOS:      https://podcasts.apple.com/de/podcast/video-game-newsroom-time-machine   And if you like what we are doing here at the podcast, don't forget to like us on your podcasting app of choice, YouTube, and/or support us on patreon! https://www.patreon.com/VGNRTM   Send comments on Mastodon @videogamenewsroomtimemachine@oldbytes.space Or twitter @videogamenewsr2 Or Instagram https://www.instagram.com/vgnrtm Or videogamenewsroomtimemachine@gmail.com   Links: https://www.linkedin.com/in/owen-rowley-6040354/ https://www.imdb.com/name/nm14013035/ The Christmas that Almost Wasn't: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BEIoe_YFEo https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_availability https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_packet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nolan_Bushnell https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_E._Cheese https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VAX https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Flying_Karamazov_Brothers https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Catmull http://platypuscomix.com/darkvault/misfits/misfit52.html https://www.showbizpizza.com/info/documents/ptt/ptt_pizzatimes3-1.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sente_Technologies https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nolan_Bushnell#Catalyst_Technologies_Venture_Capital_Group https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etak https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett-Packard https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICANN https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Nelson https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autodesk https://techmonitor.ai/technology/autodesk_releases_the_cyberspace_developer_kit https://www.keanw.com/2017/03/autodesks-early-role-in-the-vr-revolution.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autodesk_3ds_Max https://segaretro.org/Ono-Sendai https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RenderWare https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pesce Servan Keondjian - Direct3D - Interview   https://www.patreon.com/posts/servan-keondjian-75383519 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_Lab https://www.britannica.com/biography/Douglas-Engelbart https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VRML https://www.theregister.com/2021/08/11/column_cyberbanana_windows/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidelity_Investments https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypherpunk https://web.archive.org/web/20010412094448/http://www.echo.com/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Other_People%27s_Money https://twitter.com/owen93 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensorama https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBay https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams_Sonoma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakes_the_Clown https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skidoo_(film) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_for_Fake https://fortune.com/2023/04/27/elon-musk-lawyers-argue-recordings-of-him-touting-tesla-autopilot-safety-could-be-deepfakes/ Copyright 2023 Karl Kuras

You all know what a mouse is. It's so common, that you probably don't even think that much about why it's called a mouse. But back in 1968, the man generally credited with the invention of the mouse, Douglas Engelbart, had to apologize for what was certainly a silly name.Featuring Tom Merritt.Full episode transcript here. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This week's challenge: look at old computers.You can hear the after show and support Do By Friday on Patreon!——Produced and Edited by Alex Cox——Show LinksBill Murray Accuses Phil Donahue Of Dating His Grandmother | LettermanThe inbox makeover | MacworldComputer Chronicles - WikipediaComputer History Archives Project ("CHAP") - YouTubeThe Computer Chronicles - YouTubePalm VII - WikipediaThe Mother of All Demos, presented by Douglas Engelbart (1968) - YouTubeAlex's Old Computers PlaylistMerlin's Old Computers PlaylistRecorded Wednesday, July 19, 2023Next week's challenge: have Coxmas in July!

California's Silicon Valley is home to the greatest concentration of designers in the world: corporate design offices at flagship technology companies and volunteers at nonprofit NGOs; global design consultancies and boutique studios; research laboratories and academic design programs. Together they form the interconnected network that is Silicon Valley. Apple products are famously “Designed in California,” but, as Barry Katz shows in this first-ever, extensively illustrated history, the role of design in Silicon Valley began decades before Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak dreamed up Apple in a garage. In Make it New, Katz tells how design helped transform Silicon Valley into the most powerful engine of innovation in the world. From Hewlett-Packard and Ampex in the 1950s to Google and Facebook today, design has provided the bridge between research and development, art and engineering, technical performance and human behavior. Katz traces the origins of all of the leading consultancies—including IDEO, frog, and Lunar—and shows the process by which some of the world's most influential companies came to place design at the center of their business strategies. At the same time, universities, foundations, and even governments have learned to apply “design thinking” to their missions. Drawing on unprecedented access to a vast array of primary sources and interviews with nearly every influential design leader—including Douglas Engelbart, Steve Jobs, and Don Norman—Katz reveals design to be the missing link in Silicon Valley's ecosystem of innovation. Barry M. Katz is Professor of Industrial and Interaction Design at California College of the Arts, Consulting Professor in the Design Group at Stanford University, and Fellow at IDEO, Inc. He is coauthor of Change by Design, with Tim Brown, and NONOBJECT, with Branko Lukić (MIT Press). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

California's Silicon Valley is home to the greatest concentration of designers in the world: corporate design offices at flagship technology companies and volunteers at nonprofit NGOs; global design consultancies and boutique studios; research laboratories and academic design programs. Together they form the interconnected network that is Silicon Valley. Apple products are famously “Designed in California,” but, as Barry Katz shows in this first-ever, extensively illustrated history, the role of design in Silicon Valley began decades before Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak dreamed up Apple in a garage. In Make it New, Katz tells how design helped transform Silicon Valley into the most powerful engine of innovation in the world. From Hewlett-Packard and Ampex in the 1950s to Google and Facebook today, design has provided the bridge between research and development, art and engineering, technical performance and human behavior. Katz traces the origins of all of the leading consultancies—including IDEO, frog, and Lunar—and shows the process by which some of the world's most influential companies came to place design at the center of their business strategies. At the same time, universities, foundations, and even governments have learned to apply “design thinking” to their missions. Drawing on unprecedented access to a vast array of primary sources and interviews with nearly every influential design leader—including Douglas Engelbart, Steve Jobs, and Don Norman—Katz reveals design to be the missing link in Silicon Valley's ecosystem of innovation. Barry M. Katz is Professor of Industrial and Interaction Design at California College of the Arts, Consulting Professor in the Design Group at Stanford University, and Fellow at IDEO, Inc. He is coauthor of Change by Design, with Tim Brown, and NONOBJECT, with Branko Lukić (MIT Press). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/technology

California's Silicon Valley is home to the greatest concentration of designers in the world: corporate design offices at flagship technology companies and volunteers at nonprofit NGOs; global design consultancies and boutique studios; research laboratories and academic design programs. Together they form the interconnected network that is Silicon Valley. Apple products are famously “Designed in California,” but, as Barry Katz shows in this first-ever, extensively illustrated history, the role of design in Silicon Valley began decades before Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak dreamed up Apple in a garage. In Make it New, Katz tells how design helped transform Silicon Valley into the most powerful engine of innovation in the world. From Hewlett-Packard and Ampex in the 1950s to Google and Facebook today, design has provided the bridge between research and development, art and engineering, technical performance and human behavior. Katz traces the origins of all of the leading consultancies—including IDEO, frog, and Lunar—and shows the process by which some of the world's most influential companies came to place design at the center of their business strategies. At the same time, universities, foundations, and even governments have learned to apply “design thinking” to their missions. Drawing on unprecedented access to a vast array of primary sources and interviews with nearly every influential design leader—including Douglas Engelbart, Steve Jobs, and Don Norman—Katz reveals design to be the missing link in Silicon Valley's ecosystem of innovation. Barry M. Katz is Professor of Industrial and Interaction Design at California College of the Arts, Consulting Professor in the Design Group at Stanford University, and Fellow at IDEO, Inc. He is coauthor of Change by Design, with Tim Brown, and NONOBJECT, with Branko Lukić (MIT Press). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

California's Silicon Valley is home to the greatest concentration of designers in the world: corporate design offices at flagship technology companies and volunteers at nonprofit NGOs; global design consultancies and boutique studios; research laboratories and academic design programs. Together they form the interconnected network that is Silicon Valley. Apple products are famously “Designed in California,” but, as Barry Katz shows in this first-ever, extensively illustrated history, the role of design in Silicon Valley began decades before Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak dreamed up Apple in a garage. In Make it New, Katz tells how design helped transform Silicon Valley into the most powerful engine of innovation in the world. From Hewlett-Packard and Ampex in the 1950s to Google and Facebook today, design has provided the bridge between research and development, art and engineering, technical performance and human behavior. Katz traces the origins of all of the leading consultancies—including IDEO, frog, and Lunar—and shows the process by which some of the world's most influential companies came to place design at the center of their business strategies. At the same time, universities, foundations, and even governments have learned to apply “design thinking” to their missions. Drawing on unprecedented access to a vast array of primary sources and interviews with nearly every influential design leader—including Douglas Engelbart, Steve Jobs, and Don Norman—Katz reveals design to be the missing link in Silicon Valley's ecosystem of innovation. Barry M. Katz is Professor of Industrial and Interaction Design at California College of the Arts, Consulting Professor in the Design Group at Stanford University, and Fellow at IDEO, Inc. He is coauthor of Change by Design, with Tim Brown, and NONOBJECT, with Branko Lukić (MIT Press). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/science-technology-and-society

California's Silicon Valley is home to the greatest concentration of designers in the world: corporate design offices at flagship technology companies and volunteers at nonprofit NGOs; global design consultancies and boutique studios; research laboratories and academic design programs. Together they form the interconnected network that is Silicon Valley. Apple products are famously “Designed in California,” but, as Barry Katz shows in this first-ever, extensively illustrated history, the role of design in Silicon Valley began decades before Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak dreamed up Apple in a garage. In Make it New, Katz tells how design helped transform Silicon Valley into the most powerful engine of innovation in the world. From Hewlett-Packard and Ampex in the 1950s to Google and Facebook today, design has provided the bridge between research and development, art and engineering, technical performance and human behavior. Katz traces the origins of all of the leading consultancies—including IDEO, frog, and Lunar—and shows the process by which some of the world's most influential companies came to place design at the center of their business strategies. At the same time, universities, foundations, and even governments have learned to apply “design thinking” to their missions. Drawing on unprecedented access to a vast array of primary sources and interviews with nearly every influential design leader—including Douglas Engelbart, Steve Jobs, and Don Norman—Katz reveals design to be the missing link in Silicon Valley's ecosystem of innovation. Barry M. Katz is Professor of Industrial and Interaction Design at California College of the Arts, Consulting Professor in the Design Group at Stanford University, and Fellow at IDEO, Inc. He is coauthor of Change by Design, with Tim Brown, and NONOBJECT, with Branko Lukić (MIT Press). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/american-studies

Douglas Engelbart invented the 21st Century! In 1968 his Mother of All Demos showed how together work in social networks, using computer screens with graphic user interface, mouse, word processors, hyperlinks, online document sharing and video-conferencing, as part of his plan to Augment Human Intelligence. Produced and hosted by Ian Woolf Support Diffusion by making a contribution

California's Silicon Valley is home to the greatest concentration of designers in the world: corporate design offices at flagship technology companies and volunteers at nonprofit NGOs; global design consultancies and boutique studios; research laboratories and academic design programs. Together they form the interconnected network that is Silicon Valley. Apple products are famously “Designed in California,” but, as Barry Katz shows in this first-ever, extensively illustrated history, the role of design in Silicon Valley began decades before Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak dreamed up Apple in a garage. In Make it New, Katz tells how design helped transform Silicon Valley into the most powerful engine of innovation in the world. From Hewlett-Packard and Ampex in the 1950s to Google and Facebook today, design has provided the bridge between research and development, art and engineering, technical performance and human behavior. Katz traces the origins of all of the leading consultancies—including IDEO, frog, and Lunar—and shows the process by which some of the world's most influential companies came to place design at the center of their business strategies. At the same time, universities, foundations, and even governments have learned to apply “design thinking” to their missions. Drawing on unprecedented access to a vast array of primary sources and interviews with nearly every influential design leader—including Douglas Engelbart, Steve Jobs, and Don Norman—Katz reveals design to be the missing link in Silicon Valley's ecosystem of innovation. Barry M. Katz is Professor of Industrial and Interaction Design at California College of the Arts, Consulting Professor in the Design Group at Stanford University, and Fellow at IDEO, Inc. He is coauthor of Change by Design, with Tim Brown, and NONOBJECT, with Branko Lukić (MIT Press). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/american-west

El 27 de abril de 1981 sale al mercado el primer mouse para computador. Se trata del “Xerox Star 8010”, el primer modelo de computadores comerciales que contemplaba ese instrumento. Los orígenes se remontan a los años 60 cuando el estadounidense Douglas Engelbart diseñó una simple carcasa de madera que cubría dos ruedas metálicas y el usuario podía desplazar con la mano para trasladar el movimiento en la pantalla.

Augmented reveals the stories behind the new era of industrial operations, where technology will restore the agility of frontline workers. In this episode of the podcast, the topic is "A Scandinavian Perspective on Industrial Operator Independence." Our guest is Johan Stahre (https://www.linkedin.com/in/jstahre/), Professor and Chair of Production Systems at Chalmers University in Sweden. In this conversation, we talk about how the field of human-centered automation has evolved, the contemporary notion of operator 4.0, Scandinavian worker independence, shop floor innovation at Volvo, factories of the future, modern production systems, robots, and cobots in manufacturing. If you like this show, subscribe at augmentedpodcast.co (https://www.augmentedpodcast.co/). If you like this episode, you might also like Episode 84 on The Evolution of Lean with Professor Torbjørn Netland from ETH Zürich (https://www.augmentedpodcast.co/84). Augmented is a podcast for industry leaders, process engineers, and shop floor operators, hosted by futurist Trond Arne Undheim (https://trondundheim.com/) and presented by Tulip (https://tulip.co/). Follow the podcast on Twitter (https://twitter.com/AugmentedPod) or LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com/company/75424477/). Trond's Takeaway: Human-centered automation is the only kind of automation that we should be thinking about, and this is becoming more and more clear. Operators are fiercely independent, and so should they be. This is the only way they can spot problems on the shop floor, by combining human skills with automation in new ways augmenting workers. It seems the workforce does not so much need engagement as they need enablement. Fix that, and a lot can happen. Transcript: TROND: Welcome to another episode of the Augmented Podcast. Augmented brings industrial conversations that matter, serving up the most relevant conversations on industrial tech. Our vision is a world where technology will restore the agility of frontline workers. In this episode of the podcast, the topic is A Scandinavian Perspective on Industrial Operator Independence. Our guest is Johan Stahre, Professor and Chair of Production Systems at Chalmers University in Sweden. In this conversation, we talk about how the field of human-centered automation has evolved, the contemporary notion of operator 4.0, Scandinavian worker independence, shop floor innovation at Volvo, factories of the future, modern production systems, robots, and cobots in manufacturing. Augmented is a podcast for industrial leaders, process engineers, and shop floor operators hosted by futurist Trond Arne Undheim and presented by Tulip. Johan, Welcome. How are you? JOHAN: I'm fine, thank you, Trond. It's really nice to see you. TROND: Yeah, likewise. JOHAN: Fellow Nordic person. TROND: Fellow Nordic person. And I apologize for this very American greeting, you know, how are you? As you know, I'm from the Nordic region. I actually mean it, [laughs] you know, it was a question. So I do wonder. [laughs] JOHAN: I'm actually fine. It's just ending the vacation, so I'm a little bit sad about that because everyone...but it's a very nice time now because the rest of the world seems to be on vacation, so you can get a lot of work done. TROND: I concur; that is a wonderful time. Johan, I wanted to just briefly talk about your exciting background. You are an engineer, a mechanical engineer from Sweden. And you had your initial degree from Linköping University. Then you went on to do your Ph.D. a while back in manufacturing automation, and this was at Chalmers, the University in Sweden. And that's where you have done your career in manufacturing research. You are, I think, the first Scandinavian researcher certainly stationed currently in Sweden that we've had on the podcast. So I'm kind of curious, what is manufacturing like in Scandinavia? And what is it that fascinated you about this topic so that you have moved so deeply into it? JOHAN: Manufacturing in Sweden is the core; it's the backbone of our country in a sense. We have statistically too many large manufacturing companies in Sweden as compared to, I mean, we're only 10 million people, but we have like 10, 12 pretty large companies in the manufacturing area in automotive but also in electronics like Ericsson, you have Volvo, we have SKF. We have a lot of big companies. Sweden has an industrial structure that we have several small companies and a couple of large companies, not so many in the middle section there. This happened, actually, in the 1800s somewhere. There was a big growth of big companies, and there was a lot of effort from the government to support this, and that has been continued. So the Swedish government has supported the growth of industry in Sweden, and therefore we have a very strong industry and also quite good digital growth and maturity. TROND: So the Scandinavian background to me when I was there, I remember that one of the things that at least Scandinavian researchers think is distinct about Scandinavia is worker independence. And it's something that I kind of wanted to just tease out a little bit in the beginning of this podcast. Am I wrong in this, or is there something distinct about the relationship between, I guess, workers and managers in Scandinavia, particularly? One speaks about the Scandinavian model. Can you outline a little bit what that means in manufacturing if it still exists? It's an open question. JOHAN: From my perspective, Sweden usually ranks very high in innovation, also when it comes to international rankings. And I think some of that has to do with the openness and the freedom of thinking in a sense and not so hierarchical, more consensus-oriented, ability to test and check and experiment at work without getting repercussions from top management. And it is much easier. In fact, if you are at one department in a manufacturing company or in university as such and you want to collaborate with another colleague across the aisle, if you have a two hierarchical system, you need to go three levels up in order to be able to do that. But here, I think it's easier to just walk across the aisle to have this collaboration and establish a cooperative environment. I think that that's part of the reason. Also, we're not so many; I mean, I think historically, we needed to do a lot of things ourselves in Sweden. We were a country up north with not so many people, and we have harsh environments, and I think it's the same as Norway. I mean, you need to be self-sustainable in that sense, and that creates, I think, environmental collaboration. TROND: We'll go more deeply into your research on manufacturing and to what extent a question I asked here matters to that. But do you have a sense just at the outset here that this type of worker and operators sort of independence, relative independence, perhaps compared to other regions, is it changing at all? Or is this kind of a feature that is a staple of Scandinavian culture and will be hard to change both for good and for bad? JOHAN: I think that as everything...digitalization has sort of erased a lot of the cultural differences across the world in that sense. Because when I was a student, there was not this expressed digital environment, of course. The information environment was less complex. But I think now all the young people, as well as my mother, does her banking...she's 90, but she does her banking on her iPad; I mean, it's very well-spread. And I think that we are all moving towards a similar culture, and the technology is spreading so quick. So you cannot really have cultural differences in that sense. But I think that's still the way that we're using this. And I think that the collaborative sense I think that that is still there. The reason why Sweden is comparatively innovative still is that we still maintain our culture and use the technology to augment that capability. TROND: So, Johan, we'll talk about a bunch of your experiences because you obviously are based in Sweden. And because of Sweden's industrial situation, you have some examples, you know, Volvo, a world-famous company obviously, and also famous for its management practices, and its factory practices, we'll get into that. But you've also worked, and you're advising entities such as the World Economic Forum, and you are active on the European stage with the European Institute of Technology. Your activity clearly goes way, way beyond these borders. But why don't we maybe start with some of these Scandinavian experiences and research projects that you've done maybe with Volvo? What is it with Volvo that captured people's attention early on? And what sort of experience and research have you done with Volvo? JOHAN: I think that Volvo is very innovative, and Volvo today is two types of companies; one is the car company that has now gone fully electric. It was introduced at the stock market, most recently owned by a Chinese company, and before that, it was owned by Ford, and before that, it was also public. But you also have the other part, which is the Volvo Group, which is looking at trucks, and boats, and things like that. And they both share a high level of innovation, ambition, innovation, and power, I think, using the experiences already from the '60s, where you had a lot of freedom as an employee. And also very good collaboration with the union in investments and in all the changes in the company I think that has been very beneficial. And it's made them...what is now Volvo Cars was very, very early, for example, with digital twins. They were experimenting with digital twins already in the 1990s. And we work together with Volvo but also with SKF, which is a roller-bearing company here to look at how we can support frontline workers and augment their capabilities because they're very skilled and they're very experienced. But sometimes you need to have sensor input, and you need to have structures, and rules, and procedures, and instructions. So we worked quite early with them already, maybe in 2009, 2010, to see how can we transform their work situation, provide them with work instructions through wearable devices. It was very popular at that time. MIT was experimenting with cyborgs. And the people that were...I think it was Thad Starner; he was trying to put on a lot of computer equipment. Then he went through the security at the airport and had some problems there. But that's not the case for the operators. But it was a little bit too early, I think. We tried to experiment with some of the maintenance people at Volvo cars. And they were very interested in the technology, but the use for it was a little bit obscure. And this was at the time when you had the mobile connectivity was 9,600 kilobits through a mobile phone or in the modem, so Wi-Fi more or less did not exist. And the equipment: the batteries weighed two kilos, and the computer weighed one kilo. And then you had a headset that looked like you came from deployment in a war zone. So it was a little bit...it looked a little bit too spacy for them to be actually applicable. And then some 10 years later, we actually did a similar experiment with SKF, the roller bearing company where we deployed the first iPod touch, I think they were called. That was right before the iPhone. I think it was an experiment by Steve Jobs to see how can we create what then became the iPhone screen. And we put that on the arms of the operators and tried to see how can we give them an overview of the process situation. So they were constantly aware, and they were quite happy about this. And then, we wanted to finish the experiment. The operators actually said, "Well, we don't want to give the equipment back." And then we said, "Well, we need to have it back. Of course, you can use the software." So they brought their own phones, and they downloaded the software. And they're still using it, actually, not on their own phones anymore. But they use this kind of software that we developed at that time together with them. So that was quite interesting. TROND: That's fascinating. Extrapolating from some of these early experiences up until now, I wanted to just ask you this from a research perspective, but also, I guess, from a management perspective. So you work on production systems. What is really the goal here, or what has the objective been early on? You talked about these early MIT experiments. And I know control systems is a very old area of research. And from what I understand, in the early days, the use cases weren't just factories; they were also on spacecraft and things. But to your point, especially earlier, we were working with very, very different technology interfaces. But now, obviously, we are starting to roll out 5G, which gives a whole other type of richness. But does it really matter how rich the technology interface is? Or does it matter more what the objective is with these various types of augmentations that have been attempted really throughout the decades? Can you just give us a little sense of what researchers and yourself what you were trying to augment and how that depends or doesn't depend on the quality of technology? JOHAN: First, we need to realize that the manufacturing industry has always been a very, very early adopter. The first computers were used for war simulations and for making propellers for submarines to see how you can program the milling machines. This was in the 1950s. And the industrial robots in the '60s in the '70s were also very early applications of digitalization. Before anything else had computers, the manufacturing industry was using it, and that's still the case. That might surprise some people. When they walk out into a shop floor, they see no computers around because all the computers are built into the machines already. What is still missing is the link, perhaps to the people. So they are still using the screens. And they are the ones...people are the key components of handling complex and unforeseeable situations. So you need to provide them, I think...to be really productive, you need to provide the frontline staff with the equipment for them to avoid and to foresee and to handle unforeseen situations because that's what differs between the man and machine or a human and the machine. People are much more apt to solve a complex situation that was not programmed before. That's the augmentation part here; how can we augment the human capabilities? And people talk about augmented reality; I mean, I don't think it's the reality that needs to be augmented; it's the human to be handling the reality that needs to be augmented. TROND: Johan, this is so fascinating because, first of all, it's quite easy to dismiss manufacturing a little bit these days because, to the untrained eye, all the excitement is in the consumer space because that's where the new devices get released, and that's, obviously, where all the attention is these days unless you obviously are in manufacturing. But can you bring us back to those early days of computing when a lot of the use cases for computing were first explored with manufacturing? So you talked about MIT, and back at MIT and at Stanford, all the way back to the '60s, they were exploring this new and fascinating field of even artificial intelligence, but before that, just regular control systems, electronic interfaces. What fork in the road would you say happened there? Because clearly, the fascination has been with digitalizing everything and software kind of one for 30 years, but in manufacturing, it's more complicated. You say people, so it's people, and then it's kind of these production systems that you research. That's not the same as the use case of an individual with their phone, and they're sort of talking to people. There are many, many more variables in play here. What is the real difference? JOHAN: Last year actually the European Commission put forth industry 5.0, which should be the follower after industry 4.0. And they based that on three main challenges. One is sustainability, one is resilience, and the various kinds of resilience towards the shock of the war but also by climate, et cetera. And the third one is actually human-centeredness to see how can we really fully deploy human capabilities in a society and also in industry, of course. I think what you're referring to is the two guys at Stanford in the '60s; one was John McCarthy. He was the inventor of the artificial intelligence concept. His aim then was to replace human work. That was the ambition with the artificial intelligence because human work is not as productive as computing work, but it still has some drawbacks. But in the same place not so far away, in another department at Stanford, was a guy called Douglas Engelbart. And he was actually the father of...he called it intelligence augmentation. So it was AI and IA at that time. But his ambition was to augment human work to see how can you have this. And he was the one that invented hypertext and the mouse. And he put up the first hypermedia set in Silicon Valley. So this was a guy that inspired companies like Apple, and Xerox PARC, those kinds of institutions that had a huge bearing. There was a book by a research colleague at Oxford. He was comparing that over time, from the early industrial days and then forward, technology that replaces people always has more complications when introduced and scaled than technology that augments people. If you look at the acceptance and the adoption of the iPhone, that took months, or weeks, or whatever, seconds for some people, for me, for example. If you look at what happened in the industrial revolutions in the 1800s and the 1700s, you had a lot of upheaval, and already in the 1960s...I'm starting to sound like a university professor. But in '96, in the U.S., there was a Senate hearing about is automation taking the jobs from people or not? And the conclusion was that it is not, it is actually creating companies that then employ more people because of the productivity gains and the innovation gains. And you allow people to use the automation as augmentation, not only cognitive augmentation. We think a lot about augmentation as something that you do with your eyes and your brain. But robots are also augmenting people. It lifts heavy objects like cars or big containers, whatever. That's the kind of augmentation that maybe you don't consider when you look at it from an artificial or an augmented reality perspective. TROND: Well, so many things to pick up here. But the variety of meanings of augmentation are kind of astounding, aren't they? And you've written about this operator 4.0 several times. There's obviously cognitive augmentation, and then there's physical augmentation. Are there other types of augmentation that you can speak of? JOHAN: I really can't think of any. TROND: But those are the main ones. So it's either kind of your mentality or sort of your knowledge. So the work instruction parts go to the skills-based, I guess, augmentation, which perhaps is an additional one. Or I'm just thinking if manufacturing wants to make progress in these things, it would perhaps make sense to really verify what workers at any moment actually themselves express that they need. And I guess that's what I was fishing for a little bit here in this history of all of this, whether the technology developers at all moments really have a clear idea of what it is that the workers are saying themselves they're missing or that they obviously are missing. Because automation and augmentation, I mean, do you find them diametrically opposed, or are they merely complementary when it works well? JOHAN: I mean, automation traditionally has been the way to scale, and, I mean, in the beginning, you want to see what the machine is doing, right? And then you really don't want to see it. You just want it to work. So it's really helping you to scale up your work. And in that sense, automation, like collaborative robots, for example, which people are talking about robots, are something that is replacing jobs, but if you look at it, it is a very small portion of statistics. In Singapore, which is the highest user of robots installed, there were 950 maybe robots per 10,000 employees. And the average in the Americas is 100 robots per 10,000 employees, and that's not really a lot. And so there is plenty of space for robots to be the tools for people. So if you don't treat them as something that will replace you but something that will actually augment you, I think it would be much easier. What could happen, though, and I think that is maybe part of your question, is that, well, these tools are becoming so complex that you cannot use them unless you increase your skill. How do you do that? Because no company would like to end up in a situation where the tools that you have bought and invested a lot of money in are too complex for your employees to use. That's a lost investment. It's like you're building a big factory out in a very remote place, and you don't have enough electric power to run it. You don't want to end up in that situation. Like you expressed, I think that maybe what's missing and what's trending right now is that the upskilling of the workforce is becoming extremely important. TROND: And how do you do that, Johan? Because there's obviously...there's now an increased attention on upskilling. But that doesn't mean that everyone has the solution for it. And employers are always asking for other people to pay for it, for example, governments, or the initiative of the worker, perhaps. It seems like Europe has taken this challenge head-on. Germany, at least, is recognized as a leader in workforce training. The U.S. is a latecomer to the game from that perspective. But it typically shows up in a big way. So something is going to happen here in the U.S. when it comes to workforce training. What is the approach? I mean, there seems to be two approaches to me; one is to simplify the technology, so you need less training. And the other would be obviously an enormous reskilling effort that either is organized, perhaps ideally in the workplace itself, so it's not removed from the tasks. Or some enormous schooling effort that is highly efficient and perhaps online. What do you think are the winning approaches to re-skilling that entire manufacturing workforce continuously? Because it's not like you have to rescale them once, you have to rescale them every time. JOHAN: Well, I can only guess. I think that you need to do all of these, all of the above. One complicating factor is the demographics of, especially Japan; of course, we know that from a long time that, they have an aging population. But Europe is now becoming the new Japan in that sense. We have a very big problem in terms of aging populations, especially countries like Italy and perhaps Germany but also in northern countries. And we don't have perhaps...there's a lot of discussion on immigration right now. But actually, the workforce would need a lot of immigration to be able to respond to the needs of our industry in the forthcoming situation. I think that China is maybe 4 or 5 years behind Europe, and the U.S. is maybe 10-12 years behind Europe as well. So that will happen...the only non-affected regions right now are India and Africa. And that means that the European, and Chinese, and U.S. industries will have to compete with a rather young population in Africa and India. And so that will become over time, but it is a long time, so that means that it's not always on the political agenda. Things that take a long time are usually not the things that you speak about when you have election times that we have in Sweden right now. It's mostly what's on the table. So I think that how to do that is really complex. We had some collaboration within the World Economic Forum. It is a fantastic organization because it spans the whole globe. So that means that the information comes from different parts of the world, and you can see different aspects of this. And a country that has done a lot about this is Singapore, very good experiments, very nice projects, initiatives regarding upskilling. And Europe is now launching an innovation program where they want to go deeper into deep tech to try to...the commissioner for research and education in June launched a big initiative around innovation and how that can be supported by deep technology. So we'll see what comes out of that. It'll be very, very interesting to see. MID-ROLL AD: In the new book from Wiley, Augmented Lean: A Human-Centric Framework for Managing Frontline Operations, serial startup founder Dr. Natan Linder and futurist podcaster Dr. Trond Arne Undheim deliver an urgent and incisive exploration of when, how, and why to augment your workforce with technology, and how to do it in a way that scales, maintains innovation, and allows the organization to thrive. The key thing is to prioritize humans over machines. Here's what Klaus Schwab, Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, says about the book: "Augmented Lean is an important puzzle piece in the fourth industrial revolution." Find out more on www.augmentedlean.com, and pick up the book in a bookstore near you. TROND: Speaking about the World Economic Forum for a minute, Johan, you have been part of this group project called the Augmented Workforce Initiative. You told me when we spoke earlier that, in your opinion, this initiative couldn't have existed even just five years ago. Can you explain what you mean by that? Because augmentation, the way that you've been speaking about it now, is a perspective that was nascent, even in the early days of computing and manufacturing control systems. Yet, it seems to have disappeared a little bit, at least from the top end of the political and research agenda. Yet here we are and you said this initiative couldn't have existed five years ago. Can you explain what you meant by that? JOHAN: That is a very, very nice initiative by the World Economic Forum, and it's run by the forum and Cambridge University, who has a very, very good group on this and some very nice people. And I'm honored to be part of that group together with my colleague from Mexico, David Romero. You may know him as well. And I think that what they're looking at is the increased understanding. And that was actually one of the sessions at this World Economic Forum, you know, the Davos days that were run this year. And it was actually part of those days as a theme about how to engage, and how to support, and to augment the workforce, which has never happened before on that level. So it's really, really high on the agenda. The Forum has been running previous projects also on the future of work and how the demographic situation is affecting or how the skill situation is affecting the companies. They have come up with suggestions that more or less half the workforce needs to be upskilled within the next couple of years. And that's a huge undertaking. TROND: The novelty here is that the world's elite managers, I guess, who are represented at the World Economic Forum are increasingly aware of the complexity of workforce issues generally, and then specifically of upskilling, and maybe even upskilling in this very specific meaning of augmenting a worker which, I guess to my mind, is a little bit different from just generally speaking about robotic automation and hammering these efficiency points. But obviously, it's a much more challenging debate because it's one thing to find a budget for an automation effort and introduce a lot of computers or introduce a lot of whatever technology, usually hardware, but what we're talking about here is a lot more challenging because you need to tailor it to these workers. And there are many workers, obviously, so it's a complicated phenomenon. How is that going? What would you say are some of the findings of the Augmented Workforce Initiative? JOHAN: I think that companies like Tulip, companies like Black & Decker, and others have a lot of good use cases actually already, which may or may not before have been labeled augmentation. It might have been labeled as operator support, or decision-making support, or things like that, or upskilling. But I think that the findings are that there is a lot out there, but it's not emphasized as something that is really important for the company's survival in that sense. TROND: It wasn't so glorified before. A lot of the decision support systems were viewed as lower-level systems that were just kind of more like HR systems or just tinkering with necessary stuff that people had to know kind of a thing. And so you're saying it's been elevated now, yeah, as having a much more essential impact on the quality of work. JOHAN: It has a leveraging impact for the whole company, I would say, but that's also part of this industry 4.0 approach. And you have the hierarchical integration of companies where the CEO should be aware of what's going on on the shop floor and vice versa, as well as the horizontal integration where you have the companies up and down the supply chain and value chain knowing what's going on early. And that is really something that maybe stopped at mid-management level before, but now it needs to be distributed out to the places where the complexity is higher, and that's the frontline workers. Maybe...now I'm guessing, but I think that also the understanding that the investments done by this company in complex manufacturing equipment could be at risk if you don't have the right skills to use them is now penetrating, I think, a lot of the companies. In Europe, in 2019 or something like that, there were almost 30 million people employed in the manufacturing industry. And if you look at the number of...if you say that half of these need to be upskilled somehow over a period of three years...and I actually made a mock calculation that the re-skilling need for in-person months in Europe if we were to fulfill this is 50 million person-months, 50 million person-months, just the time for the people to participate in these trainings. So that's a huge undertaking. And I think that that scares companies as well as governments because just imagine taking 50 million person-months out of productivity or the production equation. But the alternative might be worse. If you lose your capability to use your equipment, that might even be worse. TROND: Wow, these are daunting things. I guess that brings me to the last section here and some thoughts from you on the future outlook. When it comes to technology and these tools for human augmentation, what are the timelines for, well, either making the improvements or, as you said, not losing competitiveness because of this skills crisis? What are we looking at here? Is there some imminent challenge and opportunity? Or is this going to play out over 25 years? JOHAN: I think that in 25 years, the demographic situations will have changed again, so I assume that they will look different. But right now, we have a problem with an aging population. And we have a lot of people going into retirement. A lot of knowledge will disappear unless we can store it somehow. A lot of people will not go into industry. I mean, when I talk to colleagues, they say, "Well, we need to make the manufacturing industry more sexy. It should be cleaner, or it should be nicer because young people don't go to industry." But if I go to the healthcare section, they will say the same thing, "Oh, we need to make it much better because people are not applying for these educations." TROND: [laughs] Where are people applying, the tech companies? JOHAN: No, that's the problem. They don't exist. They were never born. TROND: [laughs] Right. JOHAN: So the demographic bomb is that they are actually not there. So you cannot rely on employing young people because they are not existing in Europe and soon not in the U.S. to the extent that they were before. So therefore, you need to focus on the older people. So you need to re-upskill not only the middle-aged people but the people in their 50s and even in their 60s. That adds to the complexity. In the next 5 to 10 years, there will be a lot of discussions on how to fill the missing places in industry to remain competitive. I also think that you can see the augmentation here as a fantastic tool together with the upskilling because upskilling the new skills together with the augmented tools like collaborative robots, like cognitive support, like whatever you can put in an iPhone, or whatever phone, or tool, or watch, or whatever, you can add the capability to make decisions. And that's the augmentation you will see. And you will see a lot of digital twins try to foresee problems. You will see a lot of transversal technologies going from different high-tech industry into manufacturing industry to support especially the frontline people and to enable their innovation capabilities. TROND: Johan, you said earlier that the complexity is higher at the level of frontline workers. Did you mean that, basically, the complexity of frontline work of itself at an individual level is also underestimated? Or were you simply saying that because there are so many frontline workers and the various situations of various types of frontline workers is so different that it's obviously an underappreciated management challenge? Or were you truly saying that frontline work in and of itself is either complicated or becoming more complex? JOHAN: If a task was not automated, it is inherently complex. So you couldn't automate it, right? TROND: Right. JOHAN: Because if you can teach a robot or whatever to do tasks, then it's not difficult, and you can foresee the results. There was a lady called Lisanne Bainbridge. She put out The Paradox of Automation that the more you automate, the more dependent you become on the few people that are still there to handle the situations that are so complex that you could not foresee them. So everything that is programmed is programmed by a programmer, and the programmer tries to foresee every foreseeable situation, and to that extent, the robots and the automation works. But if these situations go out of hand, if they're too complex, and something happens, then there is no robot that can fix that. Unfortunately, AI is not there yet. TROND: Well, you said, "Unfortunately, AI is not there yet," but I would also conjecture that, fortunately, AI is not there yet because you're pointing to something missing, I think. And a lot of the AI debate is starting to come back now. And it was there in the '60s because people realized that for lots of different reasons, to have a human oversight over robotic processes is actually a good thing. And you talked to me earlier about the experiments with imagining a trip to Mars and having to execute robotic actions on Mars in a control system environment where you actually had to foresee the action and plan; it was always a supervised type of situation. So the supervisory control concept has been there from the beginning of computing. If you were to think of a future where AI actually does get more advanced, and a lot of people feel like that's imminent, maybe you and I don't, but in any case, let's imagine that it does become more advanced and becomes sort of a challenge, how do we maintain human control over those kinds of decisions? I mean, there are researchers that have imagined, you know, famously in Superintelligence, Bostrom imagines this paperclip factory that goes amok and starts to optimize for producing paperclips, and everyone is suddenly producing, you know, and the machine then just reallocates resources to this enormously ridiculous task of producing only paper clips. It's a very memorable example. But a lot of people feel that AI could soon or at some point reach that level. How do we, as a failsafe, avoid that that becomes an issue? Or do you see it as such a far-fetched topic in manufacturing that it would be decades, if not centuries, away? JOHAN: I think that AI has been seasonal if you allow the expression. There's talk about these AI winters every now and then, and they tend to come every 10 or 15 years, and that matches two Ph.D. lifetimes, Ph.D. development. I mean, people tend to forget the problems, and then they tend to use these Gartner curves. If you look at the Gartner curve, you have the expectation part. I'm not being arrogant towards the AI research. I think that AI is fantastic, but it should be seen, from my perspective, as what it is, as an advanced form of automation that can be used as an augmentation tool. I think it was Kasparov that started to collaborate with a chess computer maker or developer, and they won every tournament because the combination of the human and the chess computer was astounding. And now I think there are even competitions with chess computers plus chess experts comes with them. There was, I think, in the 1800s, there was a traveling exhibitionist where they had the Mechanical Turk, I think it was called. It was a chess player that was competing then against the people in the audience. And actually, inside this box, there was a small human that was making all the chess moves. And they were beating all the chess champions. So there was a man inside this. I think that there is still a man inside a lot of the automation. TROND: A man and a woman. I wanted to just lastly end on a more positive note because you told me earlier that you are more optimistic now than ten years ago on behalf of your industry that you've researched for so many years. Why is that? JOHAN: I think that the technology, I mean, I'm a techno-optimist. And I think that we have also the full scale, the full attention from the ICT industry on various industrial processes right now. It was a lot of service-oriented. And I think that that is playing out now in the platform wars, the different services, but these different services are actually making a lot of good in the manufacturing and the tougher industries. And so, there is a bigger focus now on creating CO2-less steel. And there's an exploration of different industries that are going across; you look at the electrification of vehicles which is cutting across several sectors in the industry, automotive industry, electronics industry. And I think that the problems in industry are becoming so complex. So the ICT attention is on industry now more than perhaps on consumers, as it were, and I think that that's promising. I see companies like Ericsson promoting 5G. I see companies doing the Amazon Web Services and such companies looking at services that are useful for industry. And that's also augmenting the people's capability in that sense, so that's why I'm so positive. I see all the sensors coming. I see all the computing power coming into the hands of the frontline operators. And I see also the use for the upskilling and the skilling technologies that are emerging. How do you do that? What they do in Matrix when the leading lady downloads the instructions for the helicopter or motorcycle or whatever it is. But how do you do that in real life? How do you prepare for something that's coming in the next few minutes? That is something that people are now looking at using technologies, augmenting technologies, digital twins, and things like that in a completely different way than they were five years ago. TROND: Wow. So these are exciting moments for learning in manufacturing with perhaps wide-ranging consequences if we succeed. Johan, I thank you so much for these reflections. You've spent a career investigating production systems, and manufacturing, and workers. And these are very rich debates. And it seems like they're not over, Johan. So, hopefully, we'll have you back when something happens. And we'll have you comment on some developments. Thank you very much. JOHAN: Thank you, Trond. Thank you for a very interesting discussion. You always learn a lot by being asked a lot of questions, so thank you so much for this learning experience. Thank you. TROND: You're very gracious. Thank you, Johan. You have just listened to another episode of the Augmented Podcast with host Trond Arne Undheim. The topic was a Scandinavian Perspective on Industrial Operator Independence. Our guest was Johan Stahre, Professor and Chair of Production Systems at Chalmers University of Sweden. In this conversation, we talked about how the field of human-centered automation has evolved. My takeaway is that human-centered automation is the only kind of automation that we should be thinking about, and this is becoming more and more clear. Operators are fiercely independent, and so should they be. This is the only way they can spot problems on the shop floor, by combining human skills with automation in new ways augmenting workers. It seems the workforce does not so much need engagement as they need enablement. Fix that, and a lot can happen. Thanks for listening. If you liked the show, subscribe at augmentedpodcast.co or in your preferred podcast player, and rate us with five stars. If you liked this episode, you might also like Episode 84 on The Evolution of Lean with Professor Torbjørn Netland from ETH Zürich. Hopefully, you'll find something awesome in these or in other episodes and if so, do let us know by messaging us. We would love to share your thoughts with other listeners. The Augmented Podcast is created in association with Tulip, the frontline operation platform that connects people, machines, devices, and systems in a production or logistics process in a physical location. Tulip is democratizing technology and empowering those closest to operations to solve problems. Tulip is also hiring, and you can find Tulip at tulip.co. Please share this show with colleagues who care about where industry and especially about where industrial tech is heading. To find us on social media is easy; we are Augmented Pod on LinkedIn and Twitter and Augmented Podcast on Facebook and YouTube. Augmented — industrial conversations that matter. See you next time. Special Guest: Johan Stahre.

What I learned from reading Pieces of the Action by Vannevar Bush.Support Founders' sponsors: Tiny: The easiest way to sell your business. Quick and straightforward exits for Founders. andCapital: Raise, hold, and spend capital all in one place. and Tegus is a search engine for business knowledge that's used by founders, investors, and executives. It's incredible what they're building. Try it for free by visiting Tegus.[7:15] Pieces of the Action offers his hard-won lessons on how to operate and manage effectively within complex organizations and drive ambitious, unprecedented programs to fruition.[8:54] Stripe Press Books:The Dream Machine by M. Mitchell WaldropThe Making of Prince of Persia: Journals 1985-1993 by Jordan Mechner.[9:24] Endless Frontier: Vannevar Bush, Engineer of the American Century by G. Pascal Zachary[10:40] Any exploration of the institutions that shape how we do research, generate discoveries, create inventions, and turn ideas into innovations inevitably leads back to Vannevar Bush.[11:26] No American has had greater influence in the growth of science and technology than Vannevar Bush.[12:23] That's why I'm going to encourage you to order this book —because when you pick it up and you read it —you're reading the words of an 80 year old genius. One of the most formidable and accomplished people that has ever lived— laying out what he learned over his six decade long career.[14:38] A Mind at Play: How Claude Shannon Invented the Information Age by Jimmy Soni and Rob Goodman (Founders #95)[15:12] Bootstrapping: Douglas Engelbart, Coevolution, and the Origins of Personal Computing by Thierry Bardini[15:48] I don't know what Silicon Valley will do when it runs out of Doug Engelbart's ideas. —  The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution by Walter Isaacson. (Founders #157)[18:54] Bush points out that tipping points often rest with far-seeing, energetic individuals. We can be those individuals.[20:36] I went into this book with little more than a name and came out with the closest thing to a mentor someone you've never met can be.[20:58] We are not the first to face problems, and as we face them we can hold our heads high. In such spirit was this book written.[24:38] The essence of civilization is the transmission of the findings of each generation to the next.[29:00] This is not a call for optimism, it is a call for determination.[31:12] It is pleasant to turn to situations where conservatism or lethargy were overcome by farseeing, energetic individuals.[31:34] People are really a power law and that the best ones can change everything. —Sam Hinkie[33:46] There should never be, throughout an organization, any doubt as to where authority for making decisions resides, or any doubt that they will be promptly made.[34:32] You can drive great people by making the speed of decision making really slow. Why would great people stay in an organization where they can't get things done? They look around after a while, and they're, like, "Look, I love the mission, but I can't get my job done because our speed of decision making is too slow." — Invent and Wander: The Collected Writings of Jeff Bezos by Jeff Bezos and Walter Isaacson.(Founders #155)[38:36] Rigid lines of authority do not produce the best innovations.[38:42] Research projects flowered in pockets all around the company, many of them without Steve's blessing or even awareness.They'd come to Steve's attention only if one of his key managers decided that the project or technology showed real potential.In that case, Steve would check it out, and the information he'd glean would go into the learning machine that was his brain. Sometimes that's where it would sit, and nothing would happen. Sometimes, on the other hand, he'd concoct a way to combine it with something else he'd seen, or perhaps to twist it in a way to benefit an entirely different project altogether.This was one of his great talents, the ability to synthesize separate developments and technologies into something previously unimaginable. —Becoming Steve Jobs: The Evolution of a Reckless Upstart into a Visionary Leader by Brent Schlender and Rick Tetzeli (Founders #265)[40:56] He was so industrious that he became a positive annoyance to others who felt less inclined to work.  —Pulitzer: A Life in Politics, Print, and Power by James McGrath Morris. (Founders #135)[42:22] Tuxedo Park: A Wall Street Tycoon and The Secret Palace of Science That Changed The Course of World War II by Jennet Conant. (Founders #143)[45:35] If a man is a good judge of men, he can go far on that skill alone.[46:00] All the past episodes mentioned by Vannevar Bush in this book:General Leslie Groves: The General and the Genius: Groves and Oppenheimer—The Unlikely Partnership that Built the Atom Bomb by James Kunetka. (Founders #215)J. Robert Oppenheimer: The General and the Genius: Groves and Oppenheimer—The Unlikely Partnership that Built the Atom Bomb by James Kunetka. (Founders #215)Alfred Lee Loomis: Tuxedo Park: A Wall Street Tycoon and The Secret Palace of Science That Changed The Course of World War II by Jennet Conant. (Founders #143)J.P. Morgan: The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance by Ron Chernow. (Founders #139)The Hour of Fate: Theodore Roosevelt, J.P. Morgan, and the Battle to Transform American Capitalism by Susan Berfield. (Founders #142)Orville Wright: The Wright Brothers by David McCullough. (Founders #239)Birdmen: The Wright Brothers, Glenn Curtiss, and the Battle to Control the Skies by Lawrence Goldstone. (Founders #241)Edwin Land: Land's Polaroid: A Company and the Man Who Invented It by Peter C. Wensberg. (Founders #263)Instant: The Story of Polaroid by Christopher Bonanos. (Founders #264)Henry J. Kaiser: Builder in the Modern American West by Mark Foster. (Founders #66)Professional Amateur: The Biography of Charles Franklin Kettering by Thomas Boyd (Founders #125)Reluctant Genius: The Passionate Life and Inventive Mind of Alexander Graham Bellby Charlotte Gray. (Founders #138)[48:21] Difficulties are often encountered in bringing an invention into production and use.[48:47] An invention has some of the characteristics of a poem.It is said that a poet may derive real joy out of making a poem, even if it is never published, even if he does not recite it to his friends, even if it is not a very good poem.No doubt, one has to be a poet to understand this.In the same way, an inventor can derive real satisfaction out of making an invention, even if he never expects to make a nickel out of it, even if he knows it is a bit foolish, provided he feels it involves ingenuity and insight.An inventor invents because he cannot help it, and also because he gets quiet fun out of doing so.Sometimes he even makes money at it, but not by himself. One has to be an inventor to understand this.One evening in Dayton, I dined alone with Orville Wright.During a long evening, we discussed inventions we had made that had never amounted to anything. He took me up to the attic and showed me models of various weird gadgets.I had plenty of similar efforts to tell him about, and we enjoyed ourselves thoroughly.Neither of us would have thus spilled things except to a fellow practitioner, one who had enjoyed the elation of creation and who knew that such elation is, to a true devotee, independent of practical results.So it is also, I understand, with poets.[51:28] Against The Odds: An Autobiography by James Dyson (Founders #200)[52:21] When picking an industry to enter, my favorite rule of thumb is this: Pick an industry where the founders of the industry—the founders of the important companies in the industry—are still alive and actively involved. — The Pmarca Blog Archive Ebook by Marc Andreessen. (Founders #50)[57:18] If a company operates only under patents it owns, and infringes on no others, its monopoly should not be disturbed, and the courts so hold. An excellent example is Polaroid Corporation. Founded by Edwin Land, one of the most ingenious men I ever knew (and also one of the wisest), it has grown and prospered because of his inventions and those of his team.[1:00:46] I came to the realization that they knew more about the subject than I did. In some ways, this was not strange. They were concentrating on it and I was getting involved in other things.[1:01:31] P.T. Barnum: An American Life by Robert Wilson. (Founders #137)[1:05:53] We make progress, lots of progress, in nearly every intellectual field, only to find that the more we probe, the faster our field of ignorance expands.[1:11:41] All the books from Stripe Press—Get 60 days free of Readwise. It is the best app I pay for. I couldn't make Founders without it.—“I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested so my poor wallet suffers. ” — GarethBe like Gareth. Buy a book: All the books featured on Founders Podcast

Jacques Vallee is an early Internet pioneer, a decorated computer scientist, venture capitalist, author, inventor, engineer, and astronomer. He is a legend in the field of UFOlogy and has been studying this topic since the 1960s. On this 100th Episode, we were honored to have such a humble and intelligent mind enlighten us on his many decade-long careers, as we picked his brain on what is actually happening, and what we can expect moving forward. Jacques Vallee's scientific career began as a professional astronomer at the Paris Observatory. Vallée co-developed the first computerized map of Mars for NASA in 1963. He later worked on the network information center for the ARPANET, a precursor to the modern Internet, as a staff engineer of SRI International's Augmentation Research Center under Douglas Engelbart. Vallée is also an important figure in the study of unidentified flying objects (UFOs), first noted for a defense of the scientific legitimacy of the extraterrestrial hypothesis and later for promoting the interdimensional hypothesis. HOSTED BY: JASON GUILLEMETTE and LOUIS BORGES Visit our Website: https://uapstudiespodcast.com/

MS-DOS CLUB – Vol 29 – Cruise for a Corpse, TOTAL DOS COLLECTION, Fire in the Valley y La Madre de todas las Demos. Si te gusta nuestro contenido recuerda apoyarnos con una recomendación o echando una mano con los gastos del server

## 内容简介本期我从Douglas Engelbart的《增强人类智力 - 一个概念框架》展开，讨论工具设计与增强人类智力的关系，即工具用以提升人处理问题与决策的能力。再详细介绍了增强系统的组成与作用：语言、工具、方法论和训练。最后借马克思·韦伯《以学术为业》演讲的观点对于母题的重要作用，以及母题落地的实际问题进行回应。### 参考：- Doug Engelbart's landmark report Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework(1962)- The Mother of All Demos, presented by Douglas Engelbart (1968)- Vannevar Bush- Dynamicland - Bret Victor- 汪丁丁 - 《行为金融学讲义》- 设计乘数 # 41：从行为社会科学基本问题看去- 马克思韦伯 《以学术为业》

## 内容简介本期我从Douglas Engelbart的《增强人类智力 - 一个概念框架》展开，讨论工具设计与增强人类智力的关系，即工具用以提升人处理问题与决策的能力。再详细介绍了增强系统的组成与作用：语言、工具、方法论和训练。最后借马克思·韦伯《以学术为业》演讲的观点对于母题的重要作用，以及母题落地的实际问题进行回应。### 参考：- Doug Engelbart's landmark report Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework(1962)- The Mother of All Demos, presented by Douglas Engelbart (1968)- Vannevar Bush- Dynamicland - Bret Victor- 汪丁丁 - 《行为金融学讲义》- 设计乘数 # 41：从行为社会科学基本问题看去- 马克思韦伯 《以学术为业》

Howard Rheingold is an eminent author, maker, and educator. His work has explored and defined key aspects of digital culture, including the use of computers as tools for mind augmentation, virtual communities, and social media literacy. In this conversation, we discuss computers as extensions for our minds, Douglas Engelbart's unfinished revolution, basic literacies for interacting in information environments, and the resurgence of Tools for Thought.Photo by Joi Ito (CC BY 2.0)Show notesHoward Rheingold (rheingold.com)Howard's PatreonTools for Thought: The History and Future of Mind-Expanding Technology by Howard RheingoldThe Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier by Howard RheingoldNet Smart: How to Thrive Online by Howard RheingoldHotWiredWhole Earth CatalogInstitute for the FutureXerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC)Steve JobsBill GatesDouglas EngelbartJohn von NeumannAlan TuringGeorge BooleCharles BabbageAlan KayMother of All Demos (Wikipedia)Stanford Research InstituteSam WineburgRoam ResearchObsidianDEVONthinkThe BrainJerry MichalskiJerry's BrainRender(); Tools for Thinking conferenceBrian EnoScenius, or Communal Genius by Kevin KellyShow notes include Amazon affiliate links. I get a small commission for purchases made through these links.

Quatrième épisode de La Petite Histoire de la Tech ✨ #LPHDLT  Il y a de fortes chances que l'on vous fasse découvrir la personne dont on va parler aujourd'hui ! Ses travaux ont été la base de nombreuses innovations que nous utilisons quotidiennement : la souris, les visio-conférences, les liens hypertextes, ...  Cette personne, c'est Douglas Engelbart. Né en 1925 à Portland (USA), il travaillera toute sa vie sur la problématique de “l'augmentation de l'intelligence humaine”, visant à faire collaborer l'homme avec l'ordinateur. Et la suite, on vous laisse la découvrir dans ce podcast !  Bonne écoute !

El ratón, o mouse, es uno de los dispositivos periféricos que usamos de forma cotidiana con nuestros equipos de cómputo. Se ideó en los años 60's por Douglas Engelbart y fue el ingeniero Bill English quién logró concretar su diseño. En este programa hablaremos de la historia del mouse que, aunque existe desde hace mucho tiempo, tardó mucho en popularizarse y tener un precio accesible.En la música:TV on the Radio | Barrett Strong | Tommy Genesis | Jonas Blue ft. Dakota

From DailyPodcastPractice.com On this day in1956 Elvis Presley records his cover version of Carl Perkins' song "Blue Suede Shoes." Also on this day in 1961, Patsy Cline released "I Fall to Pieces,” which became the Billboard song of the year. Born on this day in 1925, engineer, inventor, and early computer and Internet pioneer Douglas Engelbart. Doug is best known for his work on founding the field of human–computer interaction, which resulted in the computer mouse. A thought from Doug Englebart: The rate at which a person can mature is directly proportional to the embarrassment he can tolerate.

En route pour lʹannée 1963. Nous assisterons à la lutte entre la grande chanson française et le Yéyé ainsi quʹà la naissance dʹun objet destiné à la gloire au 21e siècle. Photo: En 1968, Douglas Engelbart présente le prototype de la souris quʹil a inventée en 1963 -SRI International

William talks to the learning expert, Donald Clark, about the history of learning theory and about the best way to teach and learn history.Questions covered:Where does Donald's interest in history come from?How has the way in which we learn changed over time?Why is the invention of writing the “Big Bang” moment of collective learning?Why is the invention of binary or computer language such an important moment in the development of learning?Is collective learning our unique trait?How did technology enable collective learning?Who are the experts in the field of learning?Does AI or machine learning give us any insight into human learning?Would it be possible to have Wikipedia in our heads?Who are the people who have changed our perceptions of learning?What are the major strands in learning theory?Have we arrived at a more scientific approach to understanding learning?What is the connection between learning and teaching?To what extent can the teacher be held responsible for the student's learning?Does critical thinking hold up as an abstract concept?How should we teach history if learning theories are incorporated?Why is it important to make history teaching more concrete?How should history teachers think about online learning design?Why should we let go of Bloom's taxonomy?Donald's advice to learn more effectively...You might want to read up on the following people: James Hutton, David C Geary, Daniel Kahneman, James Mark Baldwin, Tommy Flowers, Robin Dunbar, Douglas Engelbart, Clay Shirky, Donald Hebb, Herman Ebbinghaus, Edward Tolman, Albert Bandura, Henry Roediger, Jeffrey D Karpicke, Robert A Bjork, Barak Rosenshine, Robert Marzano, John Hattie, Paul Black and Dylan William.Or just visit Donald's blog here. He is also on twitter @DonaldClark Please let us know what you thought about this episode at highschoolhistoryrecap@gmail.com or find us on twitter: William and Colin.Support the show (https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=Q8KGSAT37YCPA&source=url)

Join us on TechTime with Nathan Mumm this week on the show; Russia is shooting missiles into space; Crypto fans lose out on the Constitution. Did Zuckerberg steal technology from a small company all while trying to push Instagram for kids? How Preserving older games with legal emulation is being driven from one of the most unlikely companies. Plus, renaming the Staples Center to a website company that sells crypto. Finally, we have our Pick of the Day Whiskey Tastings and Mike's Mesmerizing Moment brought to us by Stori-Coffee®. All of this on hour one of our two-hour show.On the Second Hour, Nick Espinosa joins us talking about security breaches, “Why hospital hacks are becoming a trend, and then what you can do over this holiday break to protect yourself while shopping online and in person.” We have Black Friday holiday tips for what to buy and what to avoid. Finally, we have the "This Week in Technology" segment, along with "Letters," to start the show"Welcome to TechTime Radio with Nathan Mumm, the show that makes you go "Hummmm" Technology news of the week for November 20th through the 26th, 2021.Episode 75: Hour 1--- [Now on Today's Show]: Starts at 5:42--- [Top Stories in 5 Minutes]: Starts at 8:57 Crypto fans lose out on the Constitution - https://tinyurl.com/2env7ppf Zuckerberg's Haptic Glove Is Based Off Copied Tech, Company Claims - https://tinyurl.com/h4x5cdu8 UK and US join forces to strike back in cyber-space - https://tinyurl.com/cdwjjz6z U.S. State Attorneys General Probe Instagram's Effect on Kids - https://tinyurl.com/3webeptn  Staples Center to become Crypto.com Arena in reported $700 million naming rights deal - https://tinyurl.com/uf7jdkj4 --- [Pick of the Day - Whiskey Tasting Review]: Starts at 22:47Glenmorangie Lasanta | $38.99 | 92 Proof --- [Technology Insider]: Starts at 24:51NASA Shares 'Sound' of Butterfly Nebula Created Through Data SonificationA Reckless' Russian missile test blows up satellite in space, forcing ISS astronauts to take shelter.--- [Gamer Time]: Starts at 34:43Xbox boss Phil Spencer has voiced his belief that older games should be preserved... - https://tinyurl.com/yk5xkchn Star Wars the Old Republic: Legacy of the Sith Will Serve as a Foundation for the Next 10 Years for this game series.--- [Mike's Mesmerizing Moment brought to us by StoriCoffee®]: Starts at 46:14--- [Pick of the Day]: Starts at 52:05Glenmorangie Lasanta | $38.99 | 92 Proof Nathan: Thumbs Up    Mike: Thumbs UpEpisode 74: Hour 2 --- [Now on Today's Show]: Starts at 1:02:40--- [Letters]: Starts at 1:08:06Mike and Nathan share this week's informative emails that I have received during the week. This includes scams, phishing emails, and all-out mistruths disguised as legitimate emails--- [Protect Yourself Today]: Starts at 1:12:29Security Expert Nick Espinosa talks about security breaches in Hospitals and what to look for to protect yourself this holiday weekend.--- [TechTime Wish List]: Starts at 1:34:45Black Friday tech deals: Tips for what to buy and what to avoid.--- [This Week in Technology]: Starts at 1:48:02This Week in Technology” - Computer Mouse PatentedNovember 17, 1970 - Douglas Engelbart receives US patent 3,541,541 for his “X-Y Position Indicator For A Display System”, more commonly known as the computer mouse.

Paris Marx is joined by Brian Merchant to discuss the development of the iPhone, how Apple manages the press, and how the parts of the company's supply chain that get too little attention.Brian Merchant is the author of The One Device: The Secret History of the iPhone and Blood in the Machine, coming in 2022. Follow Brian on Twitter at @bcmerchant.

O que fazer depois de uma longa pesquisa? Em que se dedicar? Como podemos absorver a quantidade de informação disponível? Leitura do artigo que motivou a pesquisa de Douglas Engelbart conhecido como “pai” da Interface Computacional . Artigo incompleto, assine o canal para acompanhar as futuras análises conjuntas!

2 tháng 7 là ngày gì? Hôm nay là ngày sinh của René Lacoste, người tạo ra chiếc áo thun Lacoste năm 1929 SỰ KIỆN 1698 – Thomas Savery nhận bằng sáng chế cho máy hơi nước đầu tiên. 2002 – Steve Fossett trở thành người đầu tiên bay một mình không nghỉ vòng quanh thế giới bằng khinh khí cầu. 2004 – Diễn đàn Khu vực ASEAN chấp nhận Pakistan làm thành viên thứ 24. 1897 - Kỹ sư người Anh-Ý Guglielmo Marconi nhận được bằng sáng chế cho đài phát thanh ở London. Sinh 1923 – Wisława Szymborska, nhà thơ Ba Lan từng nhận giải Nobel Văn học (m. 2012) 1906 – Hans Bethe, nhà vật lý hạt nhân người Mỹ gốc Đức. Năm 1967 ông được trao giải Nobel Vật lý cho những nghiên cứu về lý thuyết tổng hợp hạt nhân sao. 1904 - René Lacoste , vận động viên quần vợt và doanh nhân người Pháp. Ông có biệt danh là "Cá sấu" vì cách anh ta đối phó với các đối thủ của mình; Ông cũng được biết đến trên toàn thế giới với tư cách là người tạo ra chiếc áo tennis Lacoste, được giới thiệu vào năm 1929. Mất 1986 – Hoàng Văn Thái, Đại tướng Quân đội Nhân dân Việt Nam, là một trong những tướng lĩnh có ảnh hưởng quan trọng trong sự hình thành và phát triển của Quân đội nhân dân Việt Nam. 2013 - Douglas Engelbart , nhà khoa học máy tính người Mỹ, phát minh ra chuột máy tính (sinh năm 1925) Chương trình "Hôm nay ngày gì" hiện đã có mặt trên Youtube, Facebook và Spotify: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aweekmedia - Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/c/AWeekTV - Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6rC4CgZ...... #aweektv #1thang7 Các video đều thuộc quyền sở hữu của Adwell jsc, mọi hành động sử dụng lại nội dung của chúng tôi đều không được phép. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/aweek-tv/message

Stephen Wolfram answers general questions from his viewers about science and technology as part of an unscripted livestream series, also available on YouTube here: https://wolfr.am/youtube-sw-qa Questions include: In addition to keystrokes, do you monitor your words spoken? - Does your system record all your passwords? - How do vaccines work? - If a disease is such that the thing which kills is the immune response itself could a vaccine based on these principles be actually dangerous? - Have you ever met Tim Berners-Lee, Douglas Engelbart, Edward Feigenbaum, and/or Shafi Goldwasser? - Stephen Wolfram, my 3 years old sister told me that she doesn't likes math, and doesn't want to play with science with me, what can I do to change her mind? - What are time crystals? Do they become ordinary space crystals when moving very fast? - Do we have explanation why people have sense of discreteness (symbols, objects and such). Is world implicitly discrete or we just perceive it that way? - Can't we upload all the data about the human body and fix everything. We have computing power and A.I to classify why don't we understand it? - Has anyone looked at the complexity of a cell? can we not say that it exhibits intelligence? can intelligence exist without brains?

Java, Ruby, PHP, Go. These are web applications that dynamically generate code then interpreted as a file by a web browser. That file is rarely static these days and the power of the web is that an app or browser can reach out and obtain some data, get back some xml or json or yaml, and provide an experience to a computer, mobile device, or even embedded system. The web is arguably the most powerful, transformational technology in the history of technology. But the story of the web begins in philosophies that far predate its inception. It goes back to a file, which we can think of as a document, on a computer that another computer reaches out to and interprets. A file comprised of hypertext. Ted Nelson coined the term hypertext. Plenty of others put the concepts of linking objects into the mainstream of computing. But he coined the term that he's barely connected to in the minds of many.  Why is that? Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989. Elizabeth Feinler developed a registry of names that would evolve into DNS so we could find computers online and so access those web sites without typing in impossible to remember numbers. Bob Kahn and Leonard Kleinrock were instrumental in the Internet Protocol, which allowed all those computers to be connected together, providing the schemes for those numbers. Some will know these names; most will not.  But a name that probably doesn't come up enough is Ted Nelson. His tale is one of brilliance and the early days of computing and the spread of BASIC and an urge to do more. It's a tale of the hacker ethic. And yet, it's also a tale of irreverence - to be used as a warning for those with aspirations to be remembered for something great. Or is it? Steve Jobs famously said “real artists ship.” Ted Nelson did ship. Until he didn't. Let's go all the way back to 1960, when he started Project Xanadu. Actually, let's go a little further back first.  Nelson was born to TV directory Ralph Nelson and Celeste Holm, who won an Academy Award for her role in Gentleman's Agreement in 1947 and took home another pair of nominations through her career, and for being the original Ado Annie in Oklahoma. His dad worked on The Twilight Zone - so of course he majored in philosophy at Swarthmore College and then went off to the University of Chicago and then Harvard for graduate school, taking a stab at film after he graduated. But he was meant for an industry that didn't exist yet but would some day eclipse the film industry: software.  While in school he got exposed to computers and started to think about this idea of a repository of all the world's knowledge. And it's easy to imagine a group of computing aficionados sitting in a drum circle, smoking whatever they were smoking, and having their minds blown by that very concept. And yet, it's hard to imagine anyone in that context doing much more. And yet he did. Nelson created Project Xanadu in 1960. As we'll cover, he did a lot of projects during the remainder of his career. The Journey is what is so important, even if we never get to the destination. Because sometimes we influence the people who get there. And the history of technology is as much about failed or incomplete evolutions as it is about those that become ubiquitous.  It began with a project while he was enrolled in Harvard grad school. Other word processors were at the dawn of their existence. But he began thinking through and influencing how they would handle information storage and retrieval.  Xanadu was supposed to be a computer network that connected humans to one another. It was supposed to be simple and a scheme for world-wide electronic publishing. Unlike the web, which would come nearly three decades later, it was supposed to be bilateral, with broken links self-repairing, much as nodes on the ARPAnet did. His initial proposal was a program in machine language that could store and display documents. Being before the advent of Markdown, ePub, XML, PDF, RTF, or any of the other common open formats we use today, it was rudimentary and would evolve over time. Keep in mind. It was for documents and as Nelson would say later, the web - which began as a document tool, was a fork of the project.  The term Xanadu was borrowed from Samuel Taylor Coleridge's Kubla Khan, itself written after some opium fueled dreams about a garden in Kublai Khan's Shangdu, or Xanadu.In his biography, Coleridge explained the rivers in the poem supply “a natural connection to the parts and unity to the whole” and he said a “stream, traced from its source in the hills among the yellow-red moss and conical glass-shaped tufts of bent, to the first break or fall, where its drops become audible, and it begins to form a channel.”  Connecting all the things was the goal and so Xanadu was the name. He gave a talk and presented a paper called “A File Structure for the Complex, the Changing and the Indeterminate” at the Association for Computing Machinery in 1965 that laid out his vision. This was the dawn of interactivity in computing. Digital Equipment had launched just a few years earlier and brought the PDP-8 to market that same year. The smell of change was in the air and Nelson was right there.  After that, he started to see all these developments around the world. He worked on a project at Brown University to develop a word processor with many of his ideas in it. But the output of that project, as with most word processors since - was to get things printed. He believed content was meant to be created and live its entire lifecycle in the digital form. This would provide perfect forward and reverse citations, text enrichment, and change management. And maybe if we all stand on the shoulders of giants, it would allow us the ability to avoid rewriting or paraphrasing the works of others to include them in own own writings. We could do more without that tedious regurgitation.  He furthered his counter-culture credentials by going to Woodstock in 1969. Probably not for that reason, but it happened nonetheless. And he traveled and worked with more and more people and companies, learning and engaging and enriching his ideas. And then he shared them.  Computer Lib/Dream Machines was a paperback book. Or two. It had a cover on each side. Originally published in 1974, it was one of the most important texts of the computer revolution. Steven Levy called it an epic. It's rare to find it for less than a hundred bucks on eBay at this point because of how influential it was and what an amazing snapshot in time it represents.  Xanadu was to be a hypertext publishing system in the form of Xanadocs, or files that could be linked to from other files. A Xanadoc used Xanalinks to embed content from other documents into a given document. These spans of text would become transclusions and change in the document that included the content when they changed in the live document. The iterations towards working code were slow and the years ticked by. That talk in 1965 gave way to the 1970s, then 80s. Some thought him brilliant. Others didn't know what to make of it all. But many knew of his ideas for hypertext and once known it became deterministic. Byte Magazine published many of his thoughts in 1988 called “Managing Immense Storage” and by then the personal computer revolution had come in full force. Tim Berners-Lee put the first node of the World Wide Web online the next year, using a protocol they called Hypertext Transfer Protocol, or http. Yes, the hypertext philosophy was almost a means of paying homage to the hard work and deep thinking Nelson had put in over the decades. But not everyone saw it as though Nelson had made great contributions to computing.  “The Curse of Xanadu” was an article published in Wired Magazine in 1995. In the article, the author points out the fact that the web had come along using many of the ideas Nelson and his teams had worked on over the years but actually shipped - whereas Nelson hadn't. Once shipped, the web rose in popularity becoming the ubiquitous technology it is today. The article looked at Xanadu as vaporware. But there is a deeper, much more important meaning to Xanadu in the history of computing.  Perhaps inspired by the Wired article, the group released an incomplete version of Xanadu in 1998. But by then, other formats - including PDF which was invented in 1993 and .doc for Microsoft Word, were the primary mechanisms we stored documents and first gopher and then the web were spreading to interconnect humans with content. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=72M5kcnAL-4 The Xanadu story isn't a tragedy. Would we have had hypertext as a part of Douglas Engelbart's oNLine System without it? Would we have object-oriented programming or later the World Wide Web without it? The very word hypertext is almost an homage, even if they don't know it, to Nelson's work. And the look and feel of his work lives on in places like GitHub, whether directly influenced or not, where we can see changes in code side-by-side with actual production code, changes that are stored and perhaps rolled back forever. Larry Tessler coined the term Cut and Paste. While Nelson calls him a friend in Werner Herzog's Lo and Behold, Reveries of the Connected World, he also points out that Tessler's term is flawed. And I think this is where we as technologists have to sometimes trim down our expectations of how fast evolutions occur. We take tiny steps because as humans we can't keep pace with the rapid rate of technological change. We can look back and see a two steps forward and one step back approach since the dawn of written history. Nelson still doesn't think the metaphors that harken back to paper have any place in the online written word.  Here's another important trend in the history of computing. As we've transitioned to more and more content living online exclusively, the content has become diluted. One publisher I wrote online pieces for asked that they all be +/- 700 words and asked that paragraphs be no more than 4 sentences long (preferably 3) and the sentences should be written at about a 5th or 6th grade level. Maybe Nelson would claim that this de-evolution of writing is due to search engine optimization gamifying the entirety of human knowledge and that a tool like Xanadu would have been the fix. After all, if we could borrow the great works of others we wouldn't have to paraphrase them. But I think as with most things, it's much more nuanced than that.  Our always online, always connected brains can only accept smaller snippets. So that's what we gravitate towards. Actually, we have plenty of capacity for whatever we actually choose to immerse ourselves into. But we have more options than ever before and we of course immerse ourselves into video games or other less literary pursuits. Or are they more literary? Some generations thought books to be dangerous. As do all oppressors. So who am I to judge where people choose to acquire knowledge or what kind they indulge themselves in. Knowledge is power and I'm just happy they have it. And they have it in part because others were willing to water own the concepts to ship a product. Because the history of technology is about evolutions, not revolutions. And those often take generations. And Nelson is responsible for some of the evolutions that brought us the ht in http or html. And for that we are truly grateful! As with the great journey from Lord of the Rings, rarely is greatness found alone. The Xanadu adventuring party included Cal Daniels, Roger Gregory, Mark Miller, Stuart Greene, Dean Tribble, Ravi Pandya, became a part of Autodesk in the 80s, got rewritten in Smalltalk, was considered a rival to the web, but really is more of an evolutionary step on that journey. If anything it's a divergence then convergence to and from Vannevar Bush's Memex. So let me ask this as a parting thought? Are the places you are not willing to sacrifice any of your core designs or beliefs worth the price being paid? Are they worth someone else ending up with a place in the history books where (like with this podcast) we oversimplify complex topics to make them digestible? Sometimes it's worth it. In no way am I in a place to judge the choices of others. Only history can really do that - but when it happens it's usually an oversimplification anyways… So the building blocks of the web lie in irreverence - in hypertext. And while some grew out of irreverence and diluted their vision after an event like Woodstock, others like Nelson and his friend Douglas Englebart forged on. And their visions didn't come with commercial success. But as an integral building block to the modern connected world today they represent as great a mind as practically anyone else in computing. 

In this episode, we go on a 1980s-90s cyberpunk adventure, starting with world’s-first translations from Japanese to English of excerpts from a book by Susumu Hirasawa. We explore the reality underneath the marketing in the home computing war of the era, discussing Douglas Engelbart and the Mother of all Demos, Halt and Catch Fire, the Stanford Research Institute, Xerox PARC and much more, all while taking an in-depth look back at the machine that was the computer of the future - the famed Amiga.

This week I am talking with composer Catherine Joy.  Catherine is the founder and CEO of Joy Music House, which is a full service score production company in L.A.. She is also the Vice President for the Alliance for Women Film Composers. Her music has been featured on projects for Netflix, Amazon and HBO to name a few.  Today we are talking about the importance of having a mentor when starting your career, the difference between, composing, arranging and orchestrating a project and the importance of how you represent yourself when connecting with clients and other composers you want to work with. Sponsors: Edenbrooke Productions - We offer consulting services and are offering listeners a 1-hour introductory special. To request more info on consulting services, email Marty at contact@johnmartinkeith.com. In this episode we talk about: *Networking with composers. *Joining different composer organizations to meet people in your field. *You have to become a part of that community. *Mentors get you in the door but you have to be able to do the work. *Ask mentors to help open doors for you. *Joy Music House is her production company that does score producing for tv/film. *Orchestrating means taking someone’s midi string files and breaking them out to make sure every note is arranged correctly for a live orchestra. *Composing means creating your own arrangements. *Arranging means taking a concept or music and adding elements or changing things around to complement the picture. *How production companies get to know our work. *How to market yourself on social media. *If you cold call anyone, be thoughtful about how you reach out.  Do your research. *Be careful how you represent yourself. *Ask “how can I help you?” *If you’re good, you’re going to find work. *Get someone to check your work. *When you make mistakes, take ownership and say “I’m sorry.” *Be persistent but polite. *https://www.joymusichouse.com/ Catherine Joy - Music For Media With a passion for music and collaboration, Catherine Joy is a composer for film, media and live performance. She won Best Documentary Score for the uplifting feature documentary Gold Balls. She recently scored the multi-award winning documentary The Augmentation of Douglas Engelbart (now streaming on Amazon Prime), the supernatural thriller The Parish and documentary Naughty Books which features narration by Aisha Tyler and Allison Tolman and premieres at Cinequest Film festival, March 2020.  Catherine is the founder and CEO of Joy Music House, a full service score production company. She is also the Vice President for the Alliance for Women Film Composers. Catherine has scored a number of series, starting with Capitol Hill which began on youtube and is now televised throughout Canada and Europe. More recently she scored the sci-fi dramady Abby and Tabby Alone in the Desert (now streaming on Seed and Spark) the documentary series Women of the Island, and No Matter What, which released on youtube September 2019. She contributed additional arrangements on the Emmy-award-winning Netflix doc series Wild Wild Country. Most recently Catherine worked on the History Channel 3 night miniseries event WASHINGTON, premiering Feb 16, 2020. Catherine also lead Joy Music House team in score producing Homecoming Season 2.  Catherine is currently scoring the video games The Endless Mission and Beyond Blue. She is also working on a Ballet in collaboration with choreographer Rival Tribe which will premiere end of 2020. Catherine & Joy Music House worked on notable feature projects. Catherine score supervised and orchestrated on Minari which one the Grand Jury and Audience award at Sundance 2020 along with the emmy-nominated scores RBG and Love, Gilda. She also score supervised the HBO documentary At The Heart of Gold and the feature Son of The South executive produced by Spike Lee and directed by his long-time editor Barry Alexander Brown. Catherine was also the orchestrator on the animated series High Guardian Spice, set for release in 2020.  She graduated Summa Cum Laude with a Bachelor of Music at Cornish College of the Arts. She then completed her Masters of Music from Boston University and also went through the Pacific Northwest Film Scoring program in 2011.Catherine is from Tasmania, Australia. She moved to the United States in 1998 to pursue a career in music and plays many instruments including violin, piano, and guitar.

In the third installment of our Kentucky Route Zero miniseries, we take a seat for The Entertainment interlude, before exploring the physical manifestation of debt in Act III. With recurring guest co-hosts Stephanie Boluk and Patrick LeMieux, and bonus guest Sarah Elmaleh! Show notes: Kentucky Route Zero Stephanie Boluk  Patrick LeMieux Sarah Elmaleh Giving Games a Voice with Sarah Elmaleh Resonance game The Consolidated Power Company The Entertainment paperback Maxim Gorky, The Lower Depths Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan Eugene O’Neill, The Iceman Cometh The Last of Us Samuel Beckett, Waiting for Godot Julee Cruise, Rockin’ Back Inside My Heart on Twin Peaks Colossal Cave Adventure Junebug, Too Late to Love You Vannevar Bush, As We May Think Steve Russell et al., Space War! Joseph Weizenbaum, Eliza/Doctor Eliza   Douglas Engelbart, The Mother All Demos   Ted Nelson, Computer Lib/Dream Machines Roberta and Ken Williams, Mystery House David Graeber, Debt: The First 5000 Years IF titles: the next generation of generation

Robert Taylor was one of the true pioneers in computer science. In many ways, he is the string (or glue) that connected the US governments era of supporting computer science through ARPA to innovations that came out of Xerox PARC and then to the work done at Digital Equipment Corporation's Systems Research Center. Those are three critical aspects of the history of computing and while Taylor didn't write any of the innovative code or develop any of the tools that came out of those three research environments, he saw people and projects worth funding and made sure the brilliant scientists got what they needed to get things done. The 31 years in computing that his stops represented were some of the most formative years for the young computing industry and his ability to inspire the advances that began with Vannevar Bush's 1945 article called “As We May Think” then ended with the explosion of the Internet across personal computers.  Bob Taylor inherited a world where computing was waking up to large crusty but finally fully digitized mainframes stuck to its eyes in the morning and went to bed the year Corel bought WordPerfect because PCs needed applications, the year the Pentium 200 MHz was released, the year Palm Pilot and eBay were founded, the year AOL started to show articles from the New York Times, the year IBM opened a we web shopping mall and the year the Internet reached 36 million people. Excite and Yahoo went public. Sometimes big, sometimes small, all of these can be traced back to Bob Taylor - kinda' how we can trace all actors to Kevin Bacon. But more like if Kevin Bacon found talent and helped them get started, by paying them during the early years of their careers…  How did Taylor end up as the glue for the young and budding computing research industry? Going from tween to teenager during World War II, he went to Southern Methodist University in 1948, when he was 16. He jumped into the US Naval Reserves during the Korean War and then got his masters in psychology at the University of Texas at Austin using the GI Bill. Many of those pioneers in computing in the 60s went to school on the GI Bill. It was a big deal across every aspect of American life at the time - paving the way to home ownership, college educations, and new careers in the trades. From there, he bounced around, taking classes in whatever interested him, before taking a job at Martin Marietta, helping design the MGM-31 Pershing and ended up at NASA where he discovered the emerging computer industry.  Taylor was working on projects for the Apollo program when he met JCR Licklider, known as the Johnny Appleseed of computing. Lick, as his friends called him, had written an article called Man-Computer Symbiosis in 1960 and had laid out a plan for computing that influenced many. One such person, was Taylor. And so it was in 1962 he began and in 1965 that he succeeded in recruiting Taylor away from NASA to take his place running ARPAs Information Processing Techniques Office, or IPTO.  Taylor had funded Douglas Engelbart's research on computer interactivity at Stanford Research Institute while at NASA. He continued to do so when he got to ARPA and that project resulted in the invention of the computer mouse and the Mother of All Demos, one of the most inspirational moments and a turning point in the history of computing.  They also funded a project to develop an operating system called Multics. This would be a two million dollar project run by General Electric, MIT, and Bell Labs. Run through Project MAC at MIT there were just too many cooks in the kitchen. Later, some of those Bell Labs cats would just do their own thing. Ken Thompson had worked on Multics and took the best and worst into account when he wrote the first lines of Unix and the B programming language, then one of the most important languages of all time, C.  Interactive graphical computing and operating systems were great but IPTO, and so Bob Taylor and team, would fund straight out of the pentagon, the ability for one computer to process information on another computer. Which is to say they wanted to network computers. It took a few years, but eventually they brought in Larry Roberts, and by late 1968 they'd awarded an RFQ to build a network to a company called Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN) who would build Interface Message Processors, or IMPs. The IMPS would connect a number of sites and route traffic and the first one went online at UCLA in 1969 with additional sites coming on frequently over the next few years. That system would become ARPANET, the commonly accepted precursor to the Internet.  There was another networking project going on at the time that was also getting funding from ARPA as well as the Air Force, PLATO out of the University of Illinois. PLATO was meant for teaching and had begun in 1960, but by then they were on version IV, running on a CDC Cyber and the time sharing system hosted a number of courses, as they referred to programs. These included actual courseware, games, convent with audio and video, message boards, instant messaging, custom touch screen plasma displays, and the ability to dial into the system over lines, making the system another early network.  Then things get weird. Taylor is sent to Vietnam as a civilian, although his rank equivalent would be a brigadier general. He helped develop the Military Assistance Command in Vietnam. Battlefield operations and reporting were entering the computing era. Only problem is, while Taylor was a war veteran and had been deep in the defense research industry for his entire career, Vietnam was an incredibly unpopular war and seeing it first hand and getting pulled into the theater of war, had him ready to leave. This combined with interpersonal problems with Larry Roberts who was running the ARPA project by then over Taylor being his boss even without a PhD or direct research experience. And so Taylor joined a project ARPA had funded at the University of Utah and left ARPA.  There, he worked with Ivan Sutherland, who wrote Sketchpad and is known as the Father of Computer Graphics, until he got another offer. This time, from Xerox to go to their new Palo Alto Research Center, or PARC. One rising star in the computer research world was pretty against the idea of a centralized mainframe driven time sharing system. This was Alan Kay. In many ways, Kay was like Lick. And unlike the time sharing projects of the day, the Licklider and Kay inspiration was for dedicated cycles on processors. This meant personal computers.  The Mansfield Amendment in 1973 banned general research by defense agencies. This meant that ARPA funding started to dry up and the scientists working on those projects needed a new place to fund their playtime. Taylor was able to pick the best of the scientists he'd helped fund at ARPA. He helped bring in people from Stanford Research Institute, where they had been working on the oNLineSystem, or NLS.  This new Computer Science Laboratory landed people like Charles Thacker, David Boggs, Butler Lampson, and Bob Sproul and would develop the Xerox Alto, the inspiration for the Macintosh. The Alto though contributed the very ideas of overlapping windows, icons, menus, cut and paste, word processing. In fact, Charles Simonyi from PARC would work on Bravo before moving to Microsoft to spearhead Microsoft Word. Bob Metcalfe on that team was instrumental in developing Ethernet so workstations could communicate with ARPANET all over the growing campus-connected environments. Metcalfe would leave to form 3COM.  SuperPaint would be developed there and Alvy Ray Smith would go on to co-found Pixar, continuing the work begun by Richard Shoup.  They developed the Laser Printer, some of the ideas that ended up in TCP/IP, and the their research into page layout languages would end up with Chuck Geschke, John Warnock and others founding Adobe.  Kay would bring us the philosophy behind the DynaBook which decades later would effectively become the iPad. He would also develop Smalltalk with Dan Ingalls and Adele Goldberg, ushering in the era of object oriented programming.  They would do pioneering work on VLSI semiconductors, ubiquitous computing, and anything else to prepare the world to mass produce the technologies that ARPA had been spearheading for all those years. Xerox famously did not mass produce those technologies. And nor could they have cornered the market on all of them. The coming waves were far too big for one company alone.  And so it was that PARC, unable to bring the future to the masses fast enough to impact earnings per share, got a new director in 1983 and William Spencer was yet another of three bosses that Taylor clashed with. Some resented that he didn't have a PhD in a world where everyone else did. Others resented the close relationship he maintained with the teams. Either way, Taylor left PARC in 1983 and many of the scientists left with him.  It's both a curse and a blessing to learn more and more about our heroes. Taylor was one of the finest minds in the history of computing. His tenure at PARC certainly saw the a lot of innovation and one of the most innovative teams to have ever been assembled. But as many of us that have been put into a position of leadership, it's easy to get caught up in the politics. I am ashamed every time I look back and see examples of building political capital at the expense of a project or letting an interpersonal problem get in the way of the greater good for a team. But also, we're all human and the people that I've interviewed seem to match the accounts I've read in other books.  And so Taylor's final stop was Digital Equipment Corporation where he was hired to form their Systems Research Center in Palo Alto. They brought us the AltaVista search engine, the Firefly computer, Modula-3 and a few other advances. Taylor retired in 1996 and DEC was acquired by Compaq in 1998 and when they were acquired by HP the SRC would get merged with other labs at HP.  From ARPA to Xerox to Digital, Bob Taylor certainly left his mark on computing. He had a knack of seeing the forest through the trees and inspired engineering feats the world is still wrestling with how to bring to fruition. Raw, pure science. He died in 2017. He worked with some of the most brilliant people in the world at ARPA. He inspired passion, and sometimes drama in what Stanford's Donald Knuth called “the greatest by far team of computer scientists assembled in one organization.”  In his final email to his friends and former coworkers, he said “You did what they said could not be done, you created things that they could not see or imagine.” The Internet, the Personal Computer, the tech that would go on to become Microsoft Office, object oriented programming, laser printers, tablets, ubiquitous computing devices. So, he isn't exactly understating what they accomplished in a false sense of humility. I guess you can't do that often if you're going to inspire the way he did.  So feel free to abandon the pretense as well, and go inspire some innovation. Heck, who knows where the next wave will come from. But if we aren't working on it, it certainly won't come. Thank you so much and have a lovely, lovely day. We are so lucky to have you join us on yet another episode. 

You can find John on Twitter at [twitter.com/jgrahamc](https://twitter.com/jgrahamc).- Babbage overview and the Difference Engine:    https://www.computerhistory.org/babbage/overview/- Difference Engine No. 2 at the London Science Museum:    https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co526657/difference-engine-no-2-designed-by-charles-babbage-built-by-science-museum-difference-engine- BBC Micro: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Micro- Sinclair ZX81: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZX81- BBC Micro Advanced User Guide:    http://stardot.org.uk/mirrors/www.bbcdocs.com/filebase/essentials/BBC%20Microcomputer%20Advanced%20User%20Guide.pdf- Sharp MZ-80K: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_MZ- John's TED Talk, The greatest machine that never was: https://www.ted.com/talks/john_graham_cumming_the_greatest_machine_that_never_was- Hilbert's Problems: https://mathworld.wolfram.com/HilbertsProblems.html- Gödel's incompleteness theorems: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/goedel-incompleteness/- The Lovelace–De Morgan mathematical correspondence - A critical re-appraisal: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0315086017300319- The mathematical correspondence of Ada Lovelace and Augustus De Morgan:    https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2867731.2867738- Douglas Engelbart: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Douglas-Engelbart- "Mother of all demos": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJDv-zdhzMY- John's OSCON talk "Turing's Curse": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hVZxkFAIziA- Design of the RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture:    https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~krste/papers/EECS-2016-1.pdf- Engines of Creation - The Coming Era of Nanotechnology: https://www.amazon.com/Engines-Creation-Nanotechnology-Scientific-Revolution/dp/1872180469/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr=

On this date 50 years ago, Douglas Engelbart received a patent for the first computer mouse. He never received any royalties.

In this episode, we’re exploring that future by looking to the past. Leading Lines producer Cliff Anderson shares a fascinating interview with tech entrepreneur Brian Dear about his book The Friendly Orange Glow: The Untold Story of the Rise of Cyberculture. The book tells the story of PLATO, an experiment in the 1960s and 1970s to see if a computer could teach people. In the interview, Brian Dear talks about the development of PLATO and its impact on the history of computing. He mentions a few names you likely know, like Douglas Engelbart, Seymour Papert, and Isaac Asimov, as well as a few you likely don’t. And he discusses the origin and importance of things we often take for granted today, like a display that responds as you type and the role of social connections in learning. This episode is a little longer than our usual, but if you have any interest in the history of computing, I think you’ll find it really interesting. Links • Brian Dear’s website, http://brianstorms.com/ • The Friendly Orange Glow (Penguin Random House, 2017), https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/545610/the-friendly-orange-glow-by-brian-dear/ • Brian (@brianstorms) Dear on Twitter, https://twitter.com/brianstorms • “The Story of John Hunter’s World Peace Game, Roger Ebert, and the PLATO System” by Brian Dear, https://medium.com/@brianstorms/the-story-of-john-hunters-world-peace-game-roger-ebert-and-the-plato-system-4b3bb571fa2

We often use the phrase "Necessity is the mother of inventions." Many inventions have surely turned our world upside-down and are a part of our daily life now. In the last episode we came across various Indian inventions and today, we are going to throw light on some brilliant and interesting American inventions. Starting with Lunar Module, it is that lander spacecraft that helped Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin to first step on the moon. The Lunar Module made its first landing in 1969. It was built with the help of 7000+ engineers, technicians, and mechanics. This brilliant invention was directed and designed by Thomas J. Kelly who was the head of the entire project.The next interesting invention is the object what we all find in our computer table, the Mousepad. These mousepads help us to move the cursor from one place to another very smoothly. These were invented in 1968 by Jack Kelly, a very good friend of Douglas Engelbart, the inventor of the computer mouse. Talking about the computer, did you know even printer was an American invention and was first invented in the same year when the lunar module was invented, 1969. The printer was invented by a Xerox engineer, Gary Starkweather. Earlier printers were only able to print two pages and were very rare but now we all know the abundance of printers everywhere and also the magic of "Ctrl+P". Running shoes is also an American invention from the track and field coach, Bill Bowerman in 1971. Bill was in search of a light and strong grip shoe so one day he poured a little amount of rubberized liquid in a waffle maker and came up with the rubber sole and that's how he introduced waffle sole shoes. Do you know, Bill Bowerman is the founder of the famous shoe and sportswear brand Nike? The last invention we are going to talk about is the Video Game Consoles. The inventor of video game console is Ralph H. Baer and he named his first console as "Magnavox Odyssey" in 1972. He was the man who turned the boring Television sets into an exciting video game system to which we are hooked on till today. So these were some of the interesting inventions from America, and we will continue to talk about more such inventions in our subsequent episodes. www.chimesradio.com FB: https://www.facebook.com/chimesradio/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/vrchimesradio/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/ChimesRadio Support the show: https://www.patreon.com/chimesradioSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Quando a internet foi criada? Na década de 1990? Efetivamente sim, mas o compartilhamento de informações entre computadores já existia através de outros sistemas desde 1973. Porém, antes mesmo do século 20, o ser humano já compartilhava informações através outras máquinas que não eram computadores – os telégrafos desde o século 19. A ideia de criar uma rede de informações globais, onde alguém fosse capaz conversar com outras pessoas através de máquinas, veio junto com a invenção do telégrafo. Em 1891, dois advogados belgas criaram um projeto com um propósito semelhante a internet, o Mundaneum. A máquina possuiria uma grande biblioteca digital que poderia ser acessada por telégrafos diferentes. Por limitações tecnológicas e com a 1º Guerra Mundial, o Mundaneum nunca foi construído. Na década de 40, durante a 2 ºGuerra Mundial, o cientista Vannevar Bush que estava diretamente envolvido no conflito, percebeu que se as pessoas não adquirissem mais conhecimento estariam fadadas a travar guerras devido aos seus desejos egoístas. Caso o “QI coletivo” não fosse aumentado, seria só questão de tempo até o mundo destruir-se em uma guerra nuclear. Vannevar Bush cunhou o conceito de “Memex”, um dispositivo que acessaria a “Rede Mundial de Informações”, tornando possível ler e receber mensagens de diversas pessoas, assim como acessar bibliotecas no mundo inteiro. O Memex nunca foi produzido, mas ele influenciou profundamente um engenheiro na década de 60 chamado Douglas Engelbart. Engelbart foi o primeiro cientista e utilizar um computador – até então uma calculadora – para enviar mensagens através da ARPANET, uma antecessora da internet. Além disso, Engelbart criou o primeiro mouse, o primeiro teclado e o primeiro computador pessoal, o OnLine System Graças as suas invenções, empreendedores como Steve Jobs e Bill Gates apropriaram-se de suas tecnologias na corrida para criar o primeiro computador pessoal acessível na década de 70.

Futurist Trond Arne Undheim interviews David A. Smith, CEO and founder of Croquet, the augmented reality collaborative operations system.In this conversation, they talk about how augmented reality builds on insights that were present among the precursors of the internet, such as Douglas Engelbart and Alan Kay. They explore whether and how AR can evolve into a communication platform that is in some ways more real than co-presence, or at least can support simultaneous digital collaboration in a way we have never seen before. How long might this take? What will the form factor be? Will computers as we know them become outdated within the next decade?The takeaway is that AR has the potential to shift digital communication into a radically novel, transformative collaboration environment where simulation, multi-sensory stimulation and symbiosis between humans and computers can unlock innovative potential and provide the backbone of a platform that can help humanity confront its greatest challenges, such as climate change, pandemics, and other threats to our way of life, and ultimately to our existence. With the pandemic, we now have an incentive to build this out a decade earlier than it it would otherwise have happened. To ensure that AR does not become a “walled garden” but can benefit all consumers and all enterprises, we need open architectures to flourish.Additional context about the show, the topics, and our guests, including show notes and a full list of podcast players that syndicate the show can be found at https://trondundheim.com/podcast/.After listening, check out Croquet as well as David A. Smith's online profile:Croquet Corporation https://www.croquet.io/Croquet on Twitter (@gocroquet) https://twitter.com/gocroquet David A. Smith on LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/in/croquet/For more about the host, including media coverage, books and more, see:Trond Arne Undheim's personal website (https://trondundheim.com/)The Yegii Insights blog (https://yegii.wpcomstaging.com/)Pandemic Aftermath https://trondundheim.com/pandemic-aftermath/ Disruption Games https://trondundheim.com/disruptiongames/To advertise or become a guest on the show, contact the podcast host here. If you like the show, please tell all your friends, subscribe and consider rating it five stars. The show is hosted by Podbean and can be found at Futurized.co. 

La velocidad a la que una persona puede madurar es directamente proporcional a la vergüenza que puede tolerar. - Douglas Engelbart   En el episodio anterior hemos hablado acerca de los obstáculos que puedes encontrar cuando quieres cambiar y mejorar tu vida y cómo puedes superarlos y entre otras cosas se encontraba el miedo. Te decía que hay distintos tipos de miedo pero hay uno en concreto que experimentan la mayoría de las personas y es el miedo a la vergüenza. Por eso hoy vamos a ver cómo se puede superar el miedo a la vergüenza y a su vez ganar confianza. ¿Empezamos? - Guia Gratuita "Los 7 Pasos Para Mejorar Tu Autoestima": https://acadainstante.com/los-7-pasos-para-aumentar-tu-autoestima - AUDIOCURSO: Viviendo Una Vida Mindfulness https://acadainstante.com/curso/viviendo-una-vida-mindfulness ¿Qué incluye el curso? – 14 Audios (Viviendo una vida Mindfulness) – 1 Audio de Regalo: Meditación guiada de relajación en el abdomen – 1 Guía de Regalo: Aprende a lidiar con los sentimientos de vergüenza –  100% Online. Podrás hacerlo desde la comodidad de tu casa, tu oficina o en la naturaleza. Estés donde estés. Precio: 15 Euros ¿Qué aprenderás? – Qué es el Mindfulness, cuáles son sus aspectos claves. – Qué es la práctica formal e informal y cómo se practica. – Cómo calmar tu mente. – Cómo lidiar con tu crítico interior – Cómo salir del mal humor – Cómo lidiar con el estrés – Cómo lidiar con los pensamientos negativos – Cómo mejorar tu concentración – Cómo meditar con o sin el uso de los audios. – Cómo superar los 5 obstáculos que te impiden meditar – Cómo practicar la respiración intencional – Cómo lidiar con los sentimientos negativos – Cómo lidiar con los sentimientos de vergüenza – Cómo practicar la bondad amorosa – Cómo relajarse aún en momentos de cambios – Cómo practicar la respiración suave en el abdomen Visita la Web para más detalles Web: www.acadainstante.com YouTube:  https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3CUHaodO2-xU0OnXVAD1dw   Twitter: https://twitter.com/A_Cada_Instante Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/a_cada_instante/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/acadainstanteweb Te mando una abrazo muy, muy grande!     

How cool would it be to talk to some of the greatest minds from the past and get their opinions on important matters happening today? For the Institute for the Future (TIFT), Eileen Clegg designs timeline murals used to reveal patterns between society and technology which gives TIFT information to forecast the future. Jack Russo wonders if augmented human intelligence could be in the future as he and Eileen Clegg celebrate Douglas Engelbart's theory of coevolution and the idea that mapping and organizing information could solve problems all over the world.

Michal Rybka s Martinem Vaněm se vypravují do života jednoho z praotců počítačů, vynálezce a konstruktéra Douglase Engelbarta, který pevně věřil technologiím. Douglas Engelbart je nejčastěji označován za vynálezce počítačové myši. Jeho zásluhy na počítačové historii jsou však mnohem rozsáhlejší. Přispěl k rozvoji grafického uživatelského rozhraní a kolaborativního softwaru, který známe také jako groupware. Engelbartovy vize a realizace byly inspiraci mnohým, není proto divu, že posbíral v průběhu svého života řadu ocenění. Roku 1997 to byla třeba Turingova cena, která je udělována od roku 1966 Association of Computer Machinery. WOLFCAST O DOUGLASU ENGELBARTOVI SI POSLECHNĚTE ZDE! (KLIKNĚTE) Michal s Martinem se následně vydají směrem k technooptimismu a vysvětlí svůj pohled na věc. Jako obvykle jde o podcast narvaný zajímavými informacemi až po okraj! Michal nedávno probral třeba rozvoj I/O, poslední míli, zobrazovače nebo antitechnická hnutí.

In a world of rapidly changing technologies, few have lasted as long is as unaltered a fashion as the mouse. The party line is that the computer mouse was invente d by Douglas Engelbart in 1964 and that it was a one-button wooden device that had two metal wheels. Those used an analog to digital conversion to input a location to a computer. But there's a lot more to tell. Englebart had read an article in 1945 called “As We May Think” by Vannevar Bush. He was in the Philippines working as a radio and radar tech. He'd return home,. Get his degree in electrical engineering, then go to Berkeley and get first his masters and then a PhD. Still in electrical engineering. At the time there were a lot of military grants in computing floating around and a Navy grant saw him work on a computer called CALDIC, short for the California Digital Computer. By the time he completed his PhD he was ready to start a computer storage company but ended up at the Stanford Research Institute in 1957. He published a paper in 1962 called Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework. That paper would guide the next decade of his life and help shape nearly everything in computing that came after. Keeping with the theme of “As We May Think” Englebart was all about supplementing what humans could do. The world of computer science had been interested in selecting things on a computer graphically for some time. And Englebart would have a number of devices that he wanted to test in order to find the best possible device for humans to augment their capabilities using a computer. He knew he wanted a graphical system and wanted to be deliberate about every aspect in a very academic fashion. And a key aspect was how people that used the system would interact with it. The keyboard was already a mainstay but he wanted people pointing at things on a screen. While Englebart would invent the mouse, pointing devices certainly weren't new. Pilots had been using the joystick for some time, but an electrical joystick had been developed at the US Naval Research Laboratory in 1926, with the concept of unmanned aircraft in mind. The Germans would end up building one in 1944 as well. But it was Alan Kotok who brought the joystick to the computer game in the early 1960s to play spacewar on minicomputers. And Ralph Baer brought it into homes in 1967 for an early video game system, the Magnavox Odyssey. Another input device that had come along was the trackball. Ralph Benjamin of the British Royal Navy's Scientific Service invented the trackball, or ball tracker for radar plotting on the Comprehensive Display System, or CDS. The computers were analog at the time but they could still use the X-Y coordinates from the trackball, which they patented in 1947. Tom Cranston, Fred Longstaff and Kenyon Taylor had seen the CDS trackball and used that as the primary input for DATAR, a radar-driven battlefield visualization computer. The trackball stayed in radar systems into the 60s, when Orbit Instrument Corporation made the X-Y Ball Tracker and then Telefunken turned it upside down to control the TR 440, making an early mouse type of device. The last of the options Englebart decided against was the light pen. Light guns had shown up in the 1930s when engineers realized that a vacuum tube was light-sensitive. You could shoot a beam of light at a tube and it could react. Robert Everett worked with Jay Forrester to develop the light pen, which would allow people to interact with a CRT using light sensing to cause an interrupt on a computer. This would move to the SAGE computer system from there and eek into the IBM mainframes in the 60s. While the technology used to track the coordinates is not even remotely similar, think of this as conceptually similar to the styluses used with tablets and on Wacom tablets today. Paul Morris Fitts had built a model in 1954, now known as Fitts's Law, to predict the time that's required to move things on a screen. He defined the target area as a function of the ratio between the distance to the target and the width of the target. If you listen to enough episodes of this podcast, you'll hear a few names repeatedly. One of those is Claude Shannon. He brought a lot of the math to computing in the 40s and 50s and helped with the Shannon-Hartley Theorum, which defined information transmission rates over a given medium. So these were the main options at Englebart's disposal to test when he started ARC. But in looking at them, he had another idea. He'd sketched out the mouse in 1961 while sitting in a conference session about computer graphics. Once he had funding he brought in Bill English to build a prototype I n 1963. The first model used two perpendicular wheels attached to potentiometers that tracked movement. It had one button to select things on a screen. It tracked x,y coordinates as had previous devices. NASA funded a study to really dig in and decide which was the best device. He, Bill English, and an extremely talented team, spent two years researching the question, publishing a report in 1965. They really had the blinders off, too. They looked at the DEC Grafacon, joysticks, light pens and even what amounts to a mouse that was knee operated. Two years of what we'd call UX research or User Research today. Few organizations would dedicate that much time to study something. But the result would be patenting the mouse in 1967, an innovation that would last for over 50 years. I've heard Engelbart criticized for taking so long to build the oNline System, or NLS, which he showcased at the Mother of All Demos. But it's worth thinking of his research as academic in nature. It was government funded. And it changed the world. His paper on Computer-Aided Display Controls was seminal. Vietnam caused a lot of those government funded contracts to dry up. From there, Bill English and a number of others from Stanford Research Institute which ARC was a part of, moved to Xerox PARC. English and Jack Hawley iterated and improved the technology of the mouse, ditching the analog to digital converters and over the next few years we'd see some of the most substantial advancements in computing. By 1981, Xerox had shipped the Alto and the Star. But while Xerox would be profitable with their basic research, they would miss something that a candle-clad hippy wouldn't. In 1979, Xerox let Steve Jobs make three trips to PARC in exchange for the opportunity to buy 100,000 shares of Apple stock pre-IPO. The mouse by then had evolved to a three button mouse that cost $300. It didn't roll well and had to be used on pretty specific surfaces. Jobs would call Dean Hovey, a co-founder of IDEO and demand they design one that would work on anything including quote “blue jeans.” Oh, and he wanted it to cost $15. And he wanted it to have just one button, which would be an Apple hallmark for the next 30ish years. Hovey-Kelley would move to optical encoder wheels, freeing the tracking ball to move however it needed to and then use injection molded frames. And thus make the mouse affordable. It's amazing what can happen when you combine all that user research and academic rigor from Englebarts team and engineering advancements documented at Xerox PARC with world-class industrial design. You see this trend played out over and over with the innovations in computing that are built to last. The mouse would ship with the LISA and then with the 1984 Mac. Logitech had shipped a mouse in 1982 for $300. After leaving Xerox, Jack Howley founded a company to sell a mouse for $400 the same year. Microsoft released a mouse for $200 in 1983. But Apple changed the world when Steve Jobs demanded the mouse ship with all Macs. The IBM PC would ;use a mouse and from there it would become ubiquitous in personal computing. Desktops would ship with a mouse. Laptops would have a funny little button that could be used as a mouse when the actual mouse was unavailable. The mouse would ship with extra buttons that could be mapped to additional workflows or macros. And even servers were then outfitted with switches that allowed using a device that switched the keyboard, video, and mouse between them during the rise of large server farms to run the upcoming dot com revolution. Trays would be put into most racks with a single u, or unit of the rack being used to see what you're working on; especially after Windows or windowing servers started to ship. As various technologies matured, other innovations came along to input devices. The mouse would go optical in 1980 and ship with early Xerox Star computers but what we think of as an optical mouse wouldn't really ship until 1999 when Microsoft released the IntelliMouse. Some of that tech came to them via Hewlett-Packard through the HP acquisition of DEC and some of those same Digital Research Institute engineers had been brought in from the original mainstreamer of the mouse, PARC when Bob Taylor started DRI. The LED sensor on the muse stuck around. And thus ended the era of the mouse pad, once a hallmark of many a marketing give-away. Finger tracking devices came along in 1969 but were far too expensive to produce at the time. As capacitive sensitive pads, or trackpads came down in price and the technology matured those began to replace the previous mouse-types of devices. The 1982 Apollo computers were the first to ship with a touchpad but it wasn't until Synaptics launched the TouchPad in 1992 that they began to become common, showing up in 1995 on Apple laptops and then becoming ubiquitous over the coming years. In fact, the IBM Thinkpad and many others shipped laptops with little red nubs in the keyboard for people that didn't want to use the TouchPad for awhile as well. Some advancements in the mouse didn't work out. Apple released the hockey puck shaped mouse in 1998, when they released the iMac. It was USB, which replaced the ADB interface. USB lasted. The shape of the mouse didn't. Apple would go to the monolithic surface mouse in 2000, go wireless in 2003 and then release the Mighty Mouse in 2005. The Mighty Mouse would have a capacitive touch sensor and since people wanted to hear a click would produce that with a little speaker. This also signified the beginning of bluetooth as a means of connecting a mouse. Laptops began to replace desktops for many, and so the mouse itself isn't as dominant today. And with mobile and tablet computing, resistive touchscreens rose to replace many uses for the mouse. But even today, when I edit these podcasts, I often switch over to a mouse simply because other means of dragging around timelines simply aren't as graceful. And using a pen, as Englebart's research from the 60s indicated, simply gets fatiguing. Whether it's always obvious, we have an underlying story we're often trying to tell with each of these episodes. We obviously love unbridled innovation and a relentless drive towards a technologically utopian multiverse. But taking a step back during that process and researching what people want means less work and faster adoption. Doug Englebart was a lot of things but one net-new point we'd like to make is that he was possibly the most innovative in harnessing user research to make sure that his innovations would last for decades to come. Today, we'd love to research every button and heat map and track eyeballs. But remembering, as he did, that our job is to augment human intellect, is best done when we make our advances useful, helps to keep us and the forks that occur in technology from us, from having to backtrack decades of work in order to take the next jump forward. We believe in the reach of your innovations. So next time you're working on a project. Save yourself time, save your code a little cyclomatic complexity, , and save users frustration from having to relearn a whole new thing. And research what you're going to do first. Because you never know. Something you engineer might end up being touched by nearly every human on the planet the way the mouse has. Thank you Englebart. And thank you to NASA and Bob Roberts from ARPA for funding such important research. And thank you to Xerox PARC, for carrying the torch. And to Steve Jobs for making the mouse accessible to every day humans. As with many an advance in computing, there are a lot of people that deserve a little bit of the credit. And thank you listeners, for joining us for another episode of the history of computing podcast. We're so lucky to have you. Now stop consuming content and go change the world.

If freezing your severed head is part of your plan to live forever, then Danila Medvedev is one of the few people on the planet who may be able to help you. In 2005, he founded KrioRus, a cryonics company, and has also worked as Vice-President of the Science for Life Extension Foundation, based in Moscow. Bringing back the deceased, or as Medvedev prefers to call them, ‘the temporarily dead’ is only one of many things the founder of the Russian Transhumanist Movement is passionate about. Aside from life extension, we had a fascinating chat about Douglas Engelbart’s unfulfilled vision for interfaces, the Incan system of multidimensional record keeping, the Russian Cosmism movement and what went wrong with the nanotech revolution.

If freezing your severed head is part of your plan to live forever, then Danila Medvedev is one of the few people on the planet who may be able to help you. In 2005, he founded KrioRus, a cryonics company, and has also worked as Vice-President of the Science for Life Extension Foundation, based in Moscow. Bringing back the deceased, or as Medvedev prefers to call them, ‘the temporarily dead’ is only one of many things the founder of the Russian Transhumanist Movement is passionate about. Aside from life extension, we had a fascinating chat about Douglas Engelbart’s unfulfilled vision for interfaces, the Incan system of multidimensional record keeping, the Russian Cosmism movement and what went wrong with the nanotech revolution.

9 December 1968, modern computing begins with a ‘Big Bang’ — visionary Douglas Engelbart’s demo of a system designed to make everyone smarter.

He introduced the mouse. He introduced videoconferencing. He introduced copy and paste! Douglas Engelbart sat in front of an audience of computer professionals at Civic Auditorium and blew their minds by showing them the future. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Susan Kare Welcome to the History of Computing Podcast, where we explore the history of information technology. Because by understanding the past, we're able to be prepared for the innovations of the future! Today we'll talk about a great innovator, Susan Kare. Can you imagine life without a Trash Can icon? What about the Mac if there had never been a happy Mac icon. What would writing documents be like if you always used Courier and didn't have all those fonts named after cities? They didn't just show up out of nowhere. And the originals were 8 bit. But they were were painstakingly designed, reviewed, reviewed again, argued over, obsessed over. Can you imagine arguing with Steve Jobs? He's famous for being a hard person to deal with. But one person brought us all of these things. One pioneer. One wizard. She cast her spell over the world. And that spell was to bring to an arcane concept called the desktop metaphor into everyday computers. Primitive versions had shipped in Douglas Engelbart's NLS, in Alan Kay's Smalltalk. In Magic Desk on the Commodore 64. But her class was not an illusionist as those who came before her were, but a mage, putting hexadecimal text derived from graph paper so the bits would render on the screen the same, for decades to come. And we still use her visionary symbols, burned into the spell books of all visual designers from then to today. She was a true innovator. She sat in a room full of computer wizards that were the original Mac team, none was more important than Susan Kare. Born in 1954 in Ithaca, New York this wizard got her training in the form of a PhD from New York University and then moved off to San Francisco in the late 1970s, feeling the draw of a generation's finest to spend her mage apprenticeship as a curator at a Fine Arts Museum. But like Gandalph, Raistlin, Dumbledoor, Merlin, Glinda the good witch and many others, she had a destiny to put a dent in the universe. To wield the spells of the infant user interface design art to reshape the universe, 8-bits at a time. She'd gone to high school with a different kind of wizard. His name was Andy Hertzfeld and he was working at a great temple called Apple Computer. And his new team team would build a new kind of computer called the Macintosh. They needed some graphics and fonts help. Susan had used an Apple II but had never done computer graphics. She had never even dabbled in typography. But then, Dr Strange took the mantle with no experience. She ended up taking the job and joining Apple as employee badge number 3978. She was one of two women on the original Macintosh team. She had done sculpture and some freelance work as a designer. But not this weird new art form. Almost no one had. Like any young magician, she bought some books and studied up on design, equating bitmap graphics to needlepoint. She would design the iconic fonts, the graphics for many of the applications, and the icons that went into the first Mac. She would conjure up the hex (that's hexadecimal) for graphics and fonts. She would then manually type them in to design icons and fonts. Going through every letter of every font manually. Experimenting. Testing. At the time, fonts were reserved for high end marketing and industrial designers. Apple considered licensing existing fonts but decided to go their own route. She painstakingly created new fonts and gave them the names of towns along train stops around Philadelphia where she grew up. Steve Jobs went for the city approach but insisted they be cool cities. And so the Chicago, Monaco, New York, Cairo, Toronto, Venice, Geneva, and Los Angeles fonts were born - with her personally developing Geneva, Chicago, and Cairo. And she did it in 9 x 7. I can still remember the magic of sitting down at a computer with a graphical interface for the first time. I remember opening MacPaint and changing between the fonts, marveling at the typefaces. I'd certainly seen different fonts in books. But never had I made a document and been able to set my own typeface! Not only that they could be in italics, outline, and bold. Those were all her. And she painstakingly created them out of pixels. The love and care and detail in 8-bit had never been seen before. And she did it with a world class wizard: someone with a renowned attention to detail and design sense like Steve Jobs looking over her shoulder and pressuring her to keep making it better. They brought the desktop metaphor into the office. Some of it pre-existed her involvement. The trash can had been a part of the Lisa graphics already. She made it better. The documents icon pre-dated her. She added a hand holding a pencil to liven it up, making it clear which files were applications and which were documents. She made the painting brush icon for MacPaint that, while modernized, is still in use in practically every drawing app today. In fact when Bill Atkinson was writing MacSketch and saw her icon, the name was quickly changed to MacPaint. She also made the little tool that you use to draw shapes and remove them called the lasso, with Bill Atkinson. Before her, there were elevators to scroll around in a window. After her, they were called scroll bars. After her, the places you dropped your images was called the Scrapbook. After her the icon of a floppy disk meant save. She gave us the dreaded bomb. The stop watch. The hand you drag to move objects. The image of a speaker making sound. The command key, still on the keyboard of every Mac made. You can see that symbol on Nordic maps and it denotes an “area of interest” or more poignant for the need: “Interesting Feature”. To be clear, I never stole one of those signs while trampsing around Europe. But that symbol is a great example of what a scholarly mage can pull out of ancient tomes, as it is called a Gorgon knot or Saint John Arm's and dates back over fifteen hundred years - and you can see that in other hieroglyphs she borrowed from obscure historical references. And almost as though those images are burned into our DNA, we identified with them. She worked with the traditionally acclaimed wizards of the Macintosh: Andy Hertzfeld, Bill Atkinson, Bruce Horn, Bud Tribble, Donn Denman, Jerome Coonen, Larry Kenos, and Steve Capps. She helped Chris Espinosa, Clement Mok, Ellen Romana, and Tom Hughes out with graphics for manuals, and often on how to talk about a feature. But there was always Steve Jobs. Some icons took hours; others took days. And Jobs would stroll in and have her recast her spell if it wasn't just right. Never acknowledging the effort. If it wasn't right, it wasn't right. The further the team pushed on the constantly delayed release of the Mac the more frantic the wizards worked. The less they slept. But somehow they knew. It wasn't just Jobs' reality distortion field as Steven Levy famously phrased it. They knew that what they were building would put a dent in the Universe. And when they all look back, her designs on “Clarus the Dogcow” were just the beginning of her amazing contributions. The Mac launched. And it did not turn out to be a commercial success, leading to the ouster of Steve Jobs - Sauron's eye was firmly upon him. Kare left with Jobs to become the tenth employee at NeXT computer. But she introduced Jobs to Paul Rand, who had helped design the IBM logo, to design their logo. When IBM, the Voldemort of the time, was designing OS/2, she helped with their graphics. When Bill Gates, the Jafar of the computer industry called, she designed the now classic solitaire for Windows. And she gave them Notepad and Control Panels. And her contributions have continued. When Facebook needed images for the virtual gifts feature. They called Kare. You know that spinning button when you refresh Pinterest. That's Kare. And she still does work all the time. The Museum of Modern Art showed her original Sketches in a 2015 Exhibit called “This is for everyone.” She brought us every day metaphors to usher in the and ease the transition into a world of graphical user interfaces. Not a line of the original code remains. But it's amazing how surrounded by all the young wizards, one that got very little attention in all the books and articles about the Mac was the biggest wizard of them all. Without her iconic designs, the other wizards would likely be forgotten. She is still building one of the best legacies in all of the technology industry. By simply putting users into user interface. When I transitioned from the Apple II to the Mac, she made it easy for me with those spot-on visual cues. And she did it in only 8 bits. She gave the Mac style and personality. She made it fun, but not so much fun that it would be perceived as a toy. She made the Mac smile. Who knew that computers could smile?!?! The Mac Finder still smiles at me every day. Truly Magical. Thanks for that, Susan Kare. And thanks to you inquisitive and amazing listeners. For my next trick. I'll disappear. But thank you for tuning in to yet another episode of the History of Computing Podcast. We're so lucky to have you. Have a great day!

Oh my giddy aunt, will you look at that, we have reached 52 episodes! Wow, you like us, you really do, thank you. Even more surprising is the fact that we haven’t had the ‘Mericans come busting through our doors looking for fossil fuels, erm, I mean terrorists etc. We have an amazing episode for you this week, starting with DINOSAURS!!! That’s right folks, dinosaurs, and the feather that covered them. It is much more interesting than you might think learning about the α and β keratins that make things such as hair, claws, horns, and feathers. This is combined with a look at some amazingly huge pterosaurs, namely the Quetzalcoatlus Northropi. A dinosaur the size of a small plane that could fly for days at speeds of 140-160 miles per hour, perfect for the get-away on the weekend and avoiding traffic. After this we are faced with news from Star Trek regarding Piccard no longer being a Captain, so grab your cup of Earl Grey Hot and strap in for this as it is amazing, particularly when we try to combine Doctor Who, Star Trek and James Bond into one movie or series. That’s right folks we have tried to combine three of the greatest franchises together this week. After this head exploding drama we look at the absolute mayhem and devastation that is the Metro Exodus leaving Steam debacle. It is such a disaster that you could be forgiven for thinking that we have visited a sewage treatment plant, and trust me plenty of that is hitting the fan over this. After this roller coaster ride we look at games such as Stardew Valley, Elder Scrolls Online and the fact that the DJ is still lonely in Fallout 76. So please, sit back and sip your cup of Earl Grey Hot as we take you on a journey through these topics. As always we would love to hear from you so feel free to drop us a line. As always stay safe, look out for each other and drink lots of water, thank you, so long and farewell.EPISODE NOTES:Fossil Feathers reveal- https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/01/fossil-feathers-reveal-how-dinosaurs-took-flight- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuetzalcoatlusJean Luc Picard - https://comicbook.com/startrek/2019/01/27/star-trek-new-picard-series-no-longer-captain/Metro Exodus leaves Steam - https://www.gamespot.com/articles/valve-decries-unfair-decision-as-metro-exodus-leav/1100-6464623/Games currently playingBuck– Elder Scrolls Online - https://store.steampowered.com/app/306130/The_Elder_Scrolls_Online/Professor– Stardew Valley - https://store.steampowered.com/app/413150/Stardew_Valley/DJ– Fallout 76 - https://fallout.bethesda.net/Other topics discussedJurassic Park the movie- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)Dinosaurs featured in Jurassic ParkUtahraptor - https://jurassicpark.fandom.com/wiki/UtahraptorVelociraptor - https://jurassicpark.fandom.com/wiki/VelociraptorDinotopia the book series- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DinotopiaSkybax – Creature in Dinotopia- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SkybaxStegosaurus- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StegosaurusAnkylosaurs- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AnkylosaurusWilliam Riker (Star Trek character)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_RikerChristopher Pike (Star Trek Character)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Pike_(Star_Trek)Leonard “Bones” McCoy (Star Trek Character)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_McCoyMontgomery "Scotty" Scott (Star Trek Character)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotty_(Star_Trek)Star Trek Discovery (CBS Series)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_DiscoveryQ (James Bond Character)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(James_Bond)Q (Star Trek Character)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(Star_Trek)Dr Who × Star Trek Crossover: Assimilation2- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation/Doctor_Who:_Assimilation2Other Star Trek Crossovers- Star Trek × X-Men - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek/X-Men- Star Trek × Planet of the Apes : The Primate Directive - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek/Planet_of_the_Apes:_The_Primate_Directive- Star Trek × Transformers - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek_vs_TransformersEpic Games vs Steam: Which service is better- https://www.theverge.com/2018/12/4/18124203/epic-games-fortnite-valve-steam-game-store-distribution-unreal-engineHumble Bundle partnering with GoG- https://www.gog.com/wishlist/galaxy/humble_bundle_intergrationGoG Connect- https://www.gog.com/connect4A Games (Studio behind Metro Series)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4A_GamesStar Citizen Lawsuit- https://techraptor.net/content/star-citizens-crytek-lawsuit-might-be-coming-to-a-close-soonHarvest Moon (Super Nintendo Game)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvest_Moon_(video_game)Stardew Valley game screenshot- https://steamcdn-a.akamaihd.net/steam/apps/413150/ss_980472fb4f4860639155880938b6ec292a0648c4.jpg?t=1544807843Stardew Valley SoundtrackWiki - https://stardewvalleywiki.com/SoundtrackFull Soundtrack now on Youtube - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfATf-aMvbABobby Vinton – Mr. Lonely- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djU4Lq_5EaMFallout 76 Premium leather jacket- https://gear.bethesda.net/products/vault-76-premium-leather-jacketSpecial Remembrances- Space Shuttle Challenger disaster - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster- Matt Rose (Make up artist for Hellboy & Ed Wood) - https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/matt-rose-dead-makeup-artist-hellboy-ed-wood-was-53-1180670- Dick Miller (Gremlins & Terminator actor) - https://variety.com/2019/film/news/dick-miller-dead-dies-gremlins-terminator-1203124265/Tim Cook blames China for weak iPhone sales- https://www.thewrap.com/tim-cook-apple-china-iphone-sales-weak/Fallout Nuka Dark Rum Review- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9naBulH2e9sThirty-nine cent stamp of Hattie McDaniel- https://www.mysticstamp.com/pictures/stamps_default/USA-3996.jpgShoutouts29 Jan 1845 – Edgar Allen Poe’s The Raven was published New York Evening Mirror - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Raven16 Jan 1974 – 45th anniversary of the Rubik’s cube invention - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubik%27s_Cube29 Jan 1980 – 39th anniversary of the Rubik’s cube’s international debut at the Ideal Toy Corp. in Earl's Court, London - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubik%27s_Cube30 Jan 1969 - The Beatles last performance on Apple records rooftops - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles%27_rooftop_concertRemembrances30 Jan 1948 - Orville Wright, US aviation pioneer, dies of cardiac arrest at 76 in Dayton, Ohio - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_brothers30 Jan 1991 - John Bardeen, American physicist, electrical engineer and co-inventor of the transistor (Nobel 1956, 1972), dies of heart disease at 82 in Boston, Massachusetts - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bardeen31 Jan 1956 - A. A. Milne, English author of the Winnie-the-Pooh books, dies of stroke at 74 in Hartfield, Sussex - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._A._MilneBirthdays29 Jan 1945 - Tom Selleck, actor (Lance-Rockford Files, Magnum PI), born in Detroit, Michigan - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Selleck30 Jan 1925 - Douglas Engelbart, American computer scientist (computer mouse, Engelbart's Law), born in Portland, Oregon - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart30 Jan 1949 - Peter Agre, American biologist & Nobel laureate, born in Northfield, Minnesota - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_AgreEvents of Interest29 Jan 1886 - Karl Benz patents the "Benz Patent-Motorwagen" in Karlsruhe, Germany, the world's 1st automobile with a burning motor - https://www.onthisday.com/people/karl-benzPatent - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Patentschrift_37435_Benz_Patent-Motorwagen.pdfBenz Patent-Motorwagen - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benz_Patent-Motorwagen29 Jan 1964 - "Dr Strangelove" or also known as Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, directed by Stanley Kubrick and starring Peter Sellers and George C. Scott, premieres - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Strangelove29 Jan 1993 - US postal service issues a stamp commemorating chemist Percy Lavon Julian - https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1993/01/29/julian-time-on-stamps/11382402-171e-4ee0-bb98-ca2777c44a3c/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.0b088e65149e29 Jan 2006 - US 39-cent stamp is released featuring Hattie McDaniel in the dress she wore in 1940 when she became the 1st African-American actress to accept an Academy Award - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattie_McDanielIntroArtist – Goblins from MarsSong Title – Super Mario - Overworld Theme (GFM Trap Remix)Song Link - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GNMe6kF0j0&index=4&list=PLHmTsVREU3Ar1AJWkimkl6Pux3R5PB-QJFollow us on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/NerdsAmalgamated/Email - Nerds.Amalgamated@gmail.comTwitter - https://twitter.com/NAmalgamatedSpotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/6Nux69rftdBeeEXwD8GXrSiTunes - https://itunes.apple.com/au/podcast/top-shelf-nerds/id1347661094RSS - http://www.thatsnotcanonproductions.com/topshelfnerdspodcast?format=rss

Todas las semanas, Ariel Torres, Ricardo Sametband y Guillermo Tomoyose analizan los hechos, presentaciones y novedades que marcaron el mundo tecnológico. En este episodio celebran los aniversarios de varios hitos de la tecnología: la histórica presentación de Douglas Engelbart de 1968; la creación de PlayStation en 1994; y el adiós a Evelyn Berezin, la creadora del primer procesador de texto. Señales es un podcast original de LA NACION.

Recorded 8th December 2018 This week a slightly different show as I am deeply privileged to have as my special guest David Acklam, not a name you may know, but he was part of the development team for the Global Positioning System. Something that we now take forgranted but as one of the team described it a technology that went “from obscurity to ubiquity” and started out at what became known as “The Lonely Halls Meeting” which sounds more like a Peter Jackson fantasy epic than a world changing technology meeting! You can watch the documentary featuring David and many more of the team and telling the story of GPS on Amazon Prime here GIVEAWAYS Skylum has gifted us 5x of Luminar 2019 and Aurora 2019 to give away! Send an email to essentialapple@sudomail.com mentioning Luminar or Aurora and the phrase I give in the show to enter. PLUS Listeners of this show can claim $10 off purchases of Luminar and/or Aurora HDR 2019 with discount code EssentialApple (If you buy Luminar 2018 you'll get all the 2019 updates for free. Learn more.) Also we have a two Licenses for BeLight Live Home 3D to give away... 1x iOS and 1x Mac. Email the show on essentialapple@sudomail.com mentioning Live Home 3D and the phrase I give out in the show. Winners for both will be announced on the Christmas Party Podcast which is recording on the 23rd December. Why not come and join the Slack community? You can now just click on this Slackroom Link to sign up and join in the chatter! We can now also be found on Spotify, Soundcloud and even YouTube. Essential Apple Recommended Services: 33mail.com – Never give out your real email address online again. Sudo – Get up to 9 “avatars” with email addresses, phone numbers and more to mask your online identity. Free for the first year and priced from $0.99 US / £2.50 UK per month thereafter... ProtonMail – End to end encrypted, open source, based in Switzerland. Prices start from FREE... what more can you ask? ProtonVPN – a VPN to go with it perhaps? Prices also starting from nothing! Fake Name Generator – So much more than names! Create whole identities (for free) with all the information you could ever need. Wire – Free for personal use, open source and end to end encryted messenger and VoIP. Pinecast – a fabulous podcast hosting service with costs that start from nothing. Everyone should have a font manager... I really do believe that. So I highly recommend FontBase — All platforms. Professional features. Beautiful UI. Totally free. FontBase is the font manager of the new generation, built by designers, for designers. Essential Apple is not affiliated with or paid to promote any of these services... We recommend services that we use ourselves and feel are either unique or outstanding in their field, or in some cases are just the best value for money in our opinion. On this week's show: DAVID ACKLAM Retired Professional Engineer (PE inactive) BSEE, MS, University of Arizona Career Air Force Officer, retired (1966 -1987) Systems integration and test engineer with Texas Instruments Defense Group and Raytheon Missile Systems, retired (1987 - 2002) Part of the development program for Global Positioning System Documentary available on Amazon Prime Community outreach volunteer since retirement in 2003 Member, University of Arizona Lunar and Planetary Laboratory Director's Advisory board 2006 to present. Chairman of the UA Lunar and Planetary Laboratory Kuiper Circle Community Outreach committee OSIRIS-REx Ambassador OSIRIS-REx on NASA Friend and Docent at the Planetary Science Institute Member of the Tucson Mac User Group Tucson MUG on Facebook Staff reviewer with MyMac.com (http://mymac.com/) APPLE Apple released a clear case for the iPhone Xr – 9to5 Mac Apple released watchOS 5.1.2 with the ECG function for Apple Watch 4... Apple Watch user discovers A-fib heart issue with new ECG app – 9to5 Mac TECHNOLOGY Corning is building impossibly thin, flexible Gorilla Glass for foldable phones – BGR 50 years ago, Douglas Engelbart's ‘Mother of All Demos' changed personal technology forever – Mashable JUST A SNIPPET For things that are not worth more than a flypast Ask Siri “Why are fire trucks red?” for a fun answer WORTH-A-CHIRP / ESSENTIAL TIPS Faraday Bags for your kit MOSISO Keyboard Cover for Macbook Pro £6 UK or $7 US Non Plastic Beach offers alternatives to single use & disposable plastics to help you turn the tide on plastic waste, one sustainable product at a time. Force Apple's iOS apps to use Dropbox or any other storage – Cult of Mac Apple's iOS apps can store their files anywhere. You just have to know how to tell them. Ghostery Nemo's Hardware Store (49:53) Bonx Grip earpiece - $139 US each or $260 US for twin packs Social Media and Slack You can follow us on: Twitter / Slack / EssentialApple.com / Spotify / Soundcloud / YouTube / Facebook / Pinecast Also a big SHOUT OUT to the members of the Slack room without whom we wouldn't have half the stories we actually do – we thank you all for your contributions and engagement. You can always help us out with a few pennies by using our Amazon Affiliate Link so we get a tiny kickback on anything you buy after using it. If you really like the show that much and would like to make a regular donation then please consider joining our Patreon or using the Pinecast Tips Jar (which accepts one off or regular donations) And a HUGE thank you to the patrons who already do. This podcast is powered by Pinecast.

9 December 1968, modern computing begins with a ‘Big Bang’ — visionary Douglas Engelbart’s demo of a system designed to make everyone smarter.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

9 December 1968, modern computing begins with a ‘Big Bang’ — visionary Douglas Engelbart’s demo of a system designed to make everyone smarter.

So, we went to Supanova – yep and we didn’t get booted. This episode we talk about what we saw, who we met and what were the highlights. First up though is Super Tee, the amazing people bringing special hero shirts for children in hospital, please help if you can. Buck was excited about Rick Meads, author of a children’s book on quantum physics, titled Speckles Search for Friends. This is about the big bang theory and the creation of the universe. Also Buck wanted a helmet from Blue Fox Props, a drawing from Jamie Johnson and many other things. He was like a kid in a toy shop.The DJ tells of his adventures wandering the convention meeting awesome artists and buying some fine examples to take home. One of his stand outs was meeting the team from Comics2Movies, particularly Shaun Keenan, and the amazing artwork they produce. He also got to meet Trent and Julia from The Fortress (an awesome YouTube channel). Julia was stunning in her Cosplay as Black Cat; the pictures are on our Facebook page. Along with loads of really cool people that you will just have to listen to find out about.The Professor LOVED the life size Dalek that was driving around, as well as the lady cosplaying the new Dr.Who. Check the photos on Facebook, unfortunately we were all too busy watching the Dalek to get a picture. He also had fun meeting the New Melbourne Browncoats who had a booth next to ours, shiny. Getting to meet some of the other podcasters from That’s Not Canon productions was fantastic.A special shout out to the legendary Stanley Martin Lieber (Stan Lee) who passed this week, along with Douglas Rain (Hal 9000 from 2001, A Space Odyssey). We also take a moment to remember the 11th of November, a century since the armistice in World War One.EPISODE NOTES:Supanova Brisbane 2018 Review- https://www.supanova.com.au/events/brisbane-2018/about/Supanova ShoutoutsZane - https://www.thatsnotcanonproductions.com/Supertee - https://www.supertee.com.au/Rick Meads - https://authorsemporium.wordpress.com/2018/10/25/author-profile-ricky-mead/Jamie Johnson - https://www.facebook.com/jamiejohnsonillustration/Blue Fox Props by Steph Tynan - https://www.facebook.com/BlueFoxProps/Comics2Movies - https://www.comics2movies.com.au/The Fortress - https://www.youtube.com/thefortressausThe Sons Obi Wan Saber Academy - https://www.sonsofobiwan.com/Zenyaku / Cyanide Pop Press aka ShaunC - https://www.deviantart.com/shaunc- https://www.deviantart.com/shaunc/art/Cyanide-Pop-Press-Banner-443096730- https://www.facebook.com/Zenyaku/Games currently playingProfessor– Red Markets RPG - http://redmarketsrpg.com/Buck– Skyrim - https://store.steampowered.com/app/72850/The_Elder_Scrolls_V_Skyrim/DJ– Red Dead Redemption 2 - https://www.rockstargames.com/reddeadredemption2/Other Topics discussedOfficial Supertee website- https://www.supertee.com.au/Sons of Obi Wan saber academy posing with Sean Austin- https://static1.squarespace.com/static/547d8b9fe4b097dd820a6ba1/5b0a62e88a922dbfa24afa2f/5b148ee31ae6cf60c3993669/1528074287485/Sean+Astin.jpgSons of Obi Wan Saber Academy posing with Stan Lee- https://static1.squarespace.com/static/547d8b9fe4b097dd820a6ba1/5b0a62e88a922dbfa24afa2f/5b0a6385575d1fdde974cbba/1528074062862/13112017164542-0001.jpgSons of Obi Wan Saber Academy posing with Tim Rose (Admiral Gial Ackbar)- https://static1.squarespace.com/static/547d8b9fe4b097dd820a6ba1/5b0a62e88a922dbfa24afa2f/5b0a63a52b6a28885585008c/1528074687981/received_10208247401805760.jpgSons of Obi Wan Saber Academy gallery- https://www.sonsofobiwan.com/mediagallery/XCT : Xtreme Champion Tournament comic book series- https://www.comics2movies.com.au/xtreme-champion-tournament-1/Warrick Wong : artist, story teller & illustrator- http://www.warrickwong.com/Damian S. Simankowicz : Comic book writer & Artist- https://www.facebook.com/damianssimankowiczart/RWBY anime series- https://roosterteeth.com/series/rwbyNew Melbourne Browncoats- http://www.newmelbournebrowncoats.com/All Quiet on the Western Front - WW1 novel by Erich Maria Remarque- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Quiet_on_the_Western_FrontBlastwave Comics - Gone with the wind dystopian edition- http://www.blastwave-comic.com/Troop train from Cleveland to Brisbane to remember fallen heroes- https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/troop-train-from-brisbane-to-cleveland-remembers-fallen-heroes-20181111-p50fcj.htmlShoutoutsCentenary of the Armistice of 11 November 1918 also known as Remembrance Day - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armistice_of_11_November_1918Stan Lee – comic author, editor and publisher of Marvel Comics - passed away at age 95 - https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-46186552Douglas Rain – Voice of Hal 9000 in 2001 : A Space Odyssey – dies at age 90 - https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-13/douglas-rain-dead-2001-a-space-odyssey-hal-9000/1049357858 years since Clark Gable star of various movies such as Gone with the Wind died - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_GableNo Famous BirthdaysEvents of interest13 Nov 1940 - Walt Disney's animated musical film Fantasia is first released, on the first night of a roadshow at New York's Broadway Theatre. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasia_(1940_film)13 Nov 1974 - Ronald DeFeo, Jr. murders his entire family in Amityville, Long Island in the house that would become known as The Amityville Horror. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_DeFeo_Jr.17 Nov 1894 - Serial Killer H. H. Holmes is arrested in Boston after being tracked there from Philadelphia by the Pinkertons - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._H._Holmes17 Nov 1970 - Douglas Engelbart receives the patent for the first computer mouse (U.S. Patent 3,541,541)- http://thisdayintechhistory.com/11/17/computer-mouse-patented/- https://patents.google.com/patent/US354154118 Nov 1905 - George Bernard Shaw's "Major Barbara" premieres in London - https://www.brainyhistory.com/events/1905/november_18_1905_70619.html18 Nov 1928 - Walt Disney's "Steamboat Willie" released, first Mickey Mouse sound cartoon - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steamboat_Willie18 Nov 1930 - Musical "Smiles" with Bob Hope and Fred Astaire premieres in NYC - https://www.historyhop.com/historical-events/date/1930/november/1818 Nov 1959 - "Ben-Hur" directed by William Wyler and starring Charlton Heston premieres in New York City - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben-Hur_(1959_film)18 Nov 1994 - "Star Trek: Generations" film directed by David Carson and starring Sir Patrick Stewart premieres - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek_GenerationsIntroArtist – Goblins from MarsSong Title – Super Mario - Overworld Theme (GFM Trap Remix)Song Link - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GNMe6kF0j0&index=4&list=PLHmTsVREU3Ar1AJWkimkl6Pux3R5PB-QJFollow us on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/NerdsAmalgamated/Email - Nerds.Amalgamated@gmail.comTwitter - https://twitter.com/NAmalgamatedSpotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/6Nux69rftdBeeEXwD8GXrSiTunes - https://itunes.apple.com/au/podcast/top-shelf-nerds/id1347661094RSS - http://www.thatsnotcanonproductions.com/topshelfnerdspodcast?format=rss

Neste episódio conversamos um pouco sobre como as coisas mudaram com o tempo e como passamos desse 486 ai para servidores Xeon e tudo mais. Conversamos também sobre esforçoless e como algumas pessoas deixam de saber como as coisas funcionam e por muitas vezes acabam só querendo o plug-and-play. Hoje seu celular faz muito por você, mas fazer ligações já foi tudo que ele poderia te ajudar! Lembramos ainda do Cara no vídeo em preto e branco na primeira demonstração de edição de arquivo colaborativo, mouse e muitas coisas. Ele se chama Douglas Engelbart e a Demo vale muito a pena! Link As Recomendações da semana são: Talita: Mundo da Lua João : Pomplamoose Music Diogo: Halt and Catch Fire

Panel: Dave Kimura Eric Berry Catherine Meyers Special Guests: Vishal Telangre In this episode of Ruby Rogues, the panelists talk to Vishal Telangre about his blog post entitled Ruby 2.5 prints backtrace and error message in reverse order. Vishal is working remotely for BigBinary where he works with Ruby on Rails, Kuberernetes, and Elm. They talk about the power of blog posts at BigBinary, give suggestions for people wanting to get into blogging, and inspiration for blog posts. They also touch on his blog post, the changes to backtrace in Ruby 2.5, and more! In particular, we dive pretty deep on: Vishal intro BigBinary posts a lot of blogs Write about the experiences that they encounter while working Plan-free Fridays Is there any type of motivation or culture that adds to people wanting to provide so many blog posts? Suggestions for someone trying to get into blogging Vishal’s blog posts at BigBinary Start with a simple topic Your blog post doesn’t have to “change the world” Blogging about new things coming up Ruby 2.5 backtrace His blog post Changes to backtrace in Ruby 2.5 Makes debugging convenient Huge change for companies who do logs Effect of change from a developer standpoint Time saved Mixed sentiments on this change When this features is enabled And much, much more! Links: Ruby 2.5 prints backtrace and error message in reverse order BigBinary Ruby on Rails Kuberernetes Elm Vishal’s blog posts at BigBinary Vishal’s GitHub Vishaltelangre.com @suruwat Sponsors FreshBooks Loot Crate Picks: Dave Husky 20 Gallon Air Compressor Eric Developer conundrum Catherine LeetCode.com Marcella Hazan Pesto Recipe Vishal The Mother of All Demos by Douglas Engelbart

Panel: Dave Kimura Eric Berry Catherine Meyers Special Guests: Vishal Telangre In this episode of Ruby Rogues, the panelists talk to Vishal Telangre about his blog post entitled Ruby 2.5 prints backtrace and error message in reverse order. Vishal is working remotely for BigBinary where he works with Ruby on Rails, Kuberernetes, and Elm. They talk about the power of blog posts at BigBinary, give suggestions for people wanting to get into blogging, and inspiration for blog posts. They also touch on his blog post, the changes to backtrace in Ruby 2.5, and more! In particular, we dive pretty deep on: Vishal intro BigBinary posts a lot of blogs Write about the experiences that they encounter while working Plan-free Fridays Is there any type of motivation or culture that adds to people wanting to provide so many blog posts? Suggestions for someone trying to get into blogging Vishal’s blog posts at BigBinary Start with a simple topic Your blog post doesn’t have to “change the world” Blogging about new things coming up Ruby 2.5 backtrace His blog post Changes to backtrace in Ruby 2.5 Makes debugging convenient Huge change for companies who do logs Effect of change from a developer standpoint Time saved Mixed sentiments on this change When this features is enabled And much, much more! Links: Ruby 2.5 prints backtrace and error message in reverse order BigBinary Ruby on Rails Kuberernetes Elm Vishal’s blog posts at BigBinary Vishal’s GitHub Vishaltelangre.com @suruwat Sponsors FreshBooks Loot Crate Picks: Dave Husky 20 Gallon Air Compressor Eric Developer conundrum Catherine LeetCode.com Marcella Hazan Pesto Recipe Vishal The Mother of All Demos by Douglas Engelbart

Panel: Dave Kimura Eric Berry Catherine Meyers Special Guests: Vishal Telangre In this episode of Ruby Rogues, the panelists talk to Vishal Telangre about his blog post entitled Ruby 2.5 prints backtrace and error message in reverse order. Vishal is working remotely for BigBinary where he works with Ruby on Rails, Kuberernetes, and Elm. They talk about the power of blog posts at BigBinary, give suggestions for people wanting to get into blogging, and inspiration for blog posts. They also touch on his blog post, the changes to backtrace in Ruby 2.5, and more! In particular, we dive pretty deep on: Vishal intro BigBinary posts a lot of blogs Write about the experiences that they encounter while working Plan-free Fridays Is there any type of motivation or culture that adds to people wanting to provide so many blog posts? Suggestions for someone trying to get into blogging Vishal’s blog posts at BigBinary Start with a simple topic Your blog post doesn’t have to “change the world” Blogging about new things coming up Ruby 2.5 backtrace His blog post Changes to backtrace in Ruby 2.5 Makes debugging convenient Huge change for companies who do logs Effect of change from a developer standpoint Time saved Mixed sentiments on this change When this features is enabled And much, much more! Links: Ruby 2.5 prints backtrace and error message in reverse order BigBinary Ruby on Rails Kuberernetes Elm Vishal’s blog posts at BigBinary Vishal’s GitHub Vishaltelangre.com @suruwat Sponsors FreshBooks Loot Crate Picks: Dave Husky 20 Gallon Air Compressor Eric Developer conundrum Catherine LeetCode.com Marcella Hazan Pesto Recipe Vishal The Mother of All Demos by Douglas Engelbart

Lang niet iedereen die harddrugs gebruikt belandt met een overdosis in het ziekenhuis of raakt verslaafd. Hoe zit het met de mensen die positieve gevolgen van harddrugs ervaren? Volkan onderzoekt hoe drugs bijdragen aan creativiteit, liefde en geluk. In de eerste reportage: Nobelprijswinnaar Kary Mullis. Wat heeft zijn drugsgebruik te maken met z'n belangrijke ontdekking op het gebied van DNA? In deze Andere Tijden meets Trees reportage hoor je archiefmateriaal afgewisseld met delen uit de autobiografie van Kary Mullis. De verwijzingen naar de geluidsfragmenten vind je hieronder: In zijn levendige autobiografie Dancing Naked In The Manfield beschrijft Mullis onder andere zijn lsd trip en gaat hij ook dieper in op wat de polymerase kettingreactie inhoudt, z'n hele autobiografie lees je hier terug: bit.ly/autobiografie_Mullis Een van de YouTube videos met daarin uitvinders die aan de drugs zouden zitten, kijk je hier terug: bit.ly/uitvindingen_drugs1 en hier een andere link: bit.ly/uitvindingen_drugs2, De uitvinder Douglas Engelbart excuseert zich voor de naam computermuis. In hetzelfde zwart-wit beeldfragment vertelt Engelbart ook over zijn andere technische hoogstandjes: het internet en het toetsenbord, nu zo normaal toen o zo revolutionair. Je kan het allemaal hier terugkijken: bit.ly/engelbart_computermuis De Ted presentatie waarin Mullis vertelt over zijn geboren liefde voor experimenteren, is hier te zien: bit.ly/2liefde_experimenteren In de documentaire d’Autres Mondes van Jan Kounen beschrijft Mullis hoe lsd bijdroeg aan z’n ontdekking van PCR. In hetzelfde beeldfragment is ook de uitreiking van de Nobelprijs te zien. De beide fragmenten uit documentaire kun je hier bestuderen: bit.ly/mullis_lsd_nobelrpijs Mullis krijgt vele lofuitingen van zijn collega's. Dezelfde collega's vertellen ook welke impact zijn ontdekking had en nog steeds heeft op de wetenschap. Beide geluidsfragmenten zijn in één video te bekijken: bit.ly/collega_mullis

Neste podcast:  Reunimos todas nossas conversas do NerdLab Petrobras na Campus Party, onde batemos um papo sobre DRONES, CULTURA MAKER, FUTURO DA CIÊNCIA e muito mais do universo STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). ARTE DA VITRINE:  André Carvalho Petrobras – Uma jornada pelo conhecimento Quer ver os vídeos completos das gravações desse Nerdcast? Você tem um olhar curioso sobre a vida e quer ver como o conhecimento é fundamental para mover a sociedade? Acesse: jornadapeloconhecimento.com.br CITADO NO PROGRAMA Documentário com Douglas Engelbart, criador do primeiro mouse: https://youtu.be/yJDv-zdhzMY E-MAILS Mande suas críticas, elogios, sugestões e caneladas para nerdcast@jovemnerd.com.br EDIÇÃO COMPLETA POR RADIOFOBIA PODCAST E MULTIMÍDIA http://radiofobia.com.br

Neste podcast:  Reunimos todas nossas conversas do NerdLab Petrobras na Campus Party, onde batemos um papo sobre DRONES, CULTURA MAKER, FUTURO DA CIÊNCIA e muito mais do universo STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). ARTE DA VITRINE:  André Carvalho Petrobras – Uma jornada pelo conhecimento Quer ver os vídeos completos das gravações desse Nerdcast? Você tem um olhar curioso sobre a vida e quer ver como o conhecimento é fundamental para mover a sociedade? Acesse: jornadapeloconhecimento.com.br CITADO NO PROGRAMA Documentário com Douglas Engelbart, criador do primeiro mouse: https://youtu.be/yJDv-zdhzMY E-MAILS Mande suas críticas, elogios, sugestões e caneladas para nerdcast@jovemnerd.com.br EDIÇÃO COMPLETA POR RADIOFOBIA PODCAST E MULTIMÍDIA http://radiofobia.com.br

Neste podcast:  Reunimos todas nossas conversas do NerdLab Petrobras na Campus Party, onde batemos um papo sobre DRONES, CULTURA MAKER, FUTURO DA CIÊNCIA e muito mais do universo STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). ARTE DA VITRINE:  André Carvalho Petrobras – Uma jornada pelo conhecimento Quer ver os vídeos completos das gravações desse Nerdcast? Você tem um olhar curioso sobre a vida e quer ver como o conhecimento é fundamental para mover a sociedade? Acesse: jornadapeloconhecimento.com.br CITADO NO PROGRAMA Documentário com Douglas Engelbart, criador do primeiro mouse: https://youtu.be/yJDv-zdhzMY E-MAILS Mande suas críticas, elogios, sugestões e caneladas para nerdcast@jovemnerd.com.br EDIÇÃO COMPLETA POR RADIOFOBIA PODCAST E MULTIMÍDIA http://radiofobia.com.br

Neste podcast:  Reunimos todas nossas conversas do NerdLab Petrobras na Campus Party, onde batemos um papo sobre DRONES, CULTURA MAKER, FUTURO DA CIÊNCIA e muito mais do universo STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). ARTE DA VITRINE:  André Carvalho Petrobras – Uma jornada pelo conhecimento Quer ver os vídeos completos das gravações desse Nerdcast? Você tem um olhar curioso sobre a vida e quer ver como o conhecimento é fundamental para mover a sociedade? Acesse: jornadapeloconhecimento.com.br CITADO NO PROGRAMA Documentário com Douglas Engelbart, criador do primeiro mouse: https://youtu.be/yJDv-zdhzMY E-MAILS Mande suas críticas, elogios, sugestões e caneladas para nerdcast@jovemnerd.com.br EDIÇÃO COMPLETA POR RADIOFOBIA PODCAST E MULTIMÍDIA http://radiofobia.com.br

Neste podcast:  Reunimos todas nossas conversas do NerdLab Petrobras na Campus Party, onde batemos um papo sobre DRONES, CULTURA MAKER, FUTURO DA CIÊNCIA e muito mais do universo STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). ARTE DA VITRINE:  André Carvalho Petrobras – Uma jornada pelo conhecimento Quer ver os vídeos completos das gravações desse Nerdcast? Você tem um olhar curioso sobre a vida e quer ver como o conhecimento é fundamental para mover a sociedade? Acesse: jornadapeloconhecimento.com.br CITADO NO PROGRAMA Documentário com Douglas Engelbart, criador do primeiro mouse: https://youtu.be/yJDv-zdhzMY E-MAILS Mande suas críticas, elogios, sugestões e caneladas para nerdcast@jovemnerd.com.br EDIÇÃO COMPLETA POR RADIOFOBIA PODCAST E MULTIMÍDIA http://radiofobia.com.br

Neste podcast:  Reunimos todas nossas conversas do NerdLab Petrobras na Campus Party, onde batemos um papo sobre DRONES, CULTURA MAKER, FUTURO DA CIÊNCIA e muito mais do universo STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). ARTE DA VITRINE:  André Carvalho Petrobras – Uma jornada pelo conhecimento Quer ver os vídeos completos das gravações desse Nerdcast? Você tem um olhar curioso sobre a vida e quer ver como o conhecimento é fundamental para mover a sociedade? Acesse: jornadapeloconhecimento.com.br CITADO NO PROGRAMA Documentário com Douglas Engelbart, criador do primeiro mouse: https://youtu.be/yJDv-zdhzMY E-MAILS Mande suas críticas, elogios, sugestões e caneladas para nerdcast@jovemnerd.com.br EDIÇÃO COMPLETA POR RADIOFOBIA PODCAST E MULTIMÍDIA http://radiofobia.com.br

Neste podcast:  Reunimos todas nossas conversas do NerdLab Petrobras na Campus Party, onde batemos um papo sobre DRONES, CULTURA MAKER, FUTURO DA CIÊNCIA e muito mais do universo STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). ARTE DA VITRINE:  André Carvalho Petrobras – Uma jornada pelo conhecimento Quer ver os vídeos completos das gravações desse Nerdcast? Você tem um olhar curioso sobre a vida e quer ver como o conhecimento é fundamental para mover a sociedade? Acesse: jornadapeloconhecimento.com.br CITADO NO PROGRAMA Documentário com Douglas Engelbart, criador do primeiro mouse: https://youtu.be/yJDv-zdhzMY E-MAILS Mande suas críticas, elogios, sugestões e caneladas para nerdcast@jovemnerd.com.br EDIÇÃO COMPLETA POR RADIOFOBIA PODCAST E MULTIMÍDIA http://radiofobia.com.br

Neste podcast:  Reunimos todas nossas conversas do NerdLab Petrobras na Campus Party, onde batemos um papo sobre DRONES, CULTURA MAKER, FUTURO DA CIÊNCIA e muito mais do universo STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). ARTE DA VITRINE:  André Carvalho Petrobras – Uma jornada pelo conhecimento Quer ver os vídeos completos das gravações desse Nerdcast? Você tem um olhar curioso sobre a vida e quer ver como o conhecimento é fundamental para mover a sociedade? Acesse: jornadapeloconhecimento.com.br CITADO NO PROGRAMA Documentário com Douglas Engelbart, criador do primeiro mouse: https://youtu.be/yJDv-zdhzMY E-MAILS Mande suas críticas, elogios, sugestões e caneladas para nerdcast@jovemnerd.com.br EDIÇÃO COMPLETA POR RADIOFOBIA PODCAST E MULTIMÍDIA http://radiofobia.com.br

Ícones foram criados para relacionar conceitos computacionais com objetos do dia-a-dia que as pessoas já conhecem e sabem usar. Porém, com o passar do tempo, ícones passaram a representar conceitos não necessariamente computacionais. A semiótica aplicada ao design de ícones permite estudar esses novos processos de significação e sua contribuição para a Interação Humano Computador.Slides Áudio Gravação de aula realizada na Apple Developer Academy PUCPR. Design de Ícones e Semiótica da Interação [MP3] 1 hora e 24 minutos Transcrição A palavra ícone foi utilizada primeiramente para definir certos tipos de pinturas e afrescos que expressavam a essência das divindades Cristãs. Esse formato ficou bastante popular nos primeiros séculos da Igreja Ortodoxa. Essa imagem é um detalhe do ícone mais antigo ainda existente, Cristo Pantocrátor (século VI). O ícone provavelmente representaria a posição dual de Jesus Cristo como homem e como Deus. Utilizando uma técnica de divisão e espelhamento das metades da imagem, fica claro que os dois lados da face do Cristo são muito diferentes. A face esquerda de Cristo parece mais velha e dura do que a face da direita, sugerindo o aspecto divino. A face da direita parece mais temerosa e jovial, sugerindo o aspecto humano. O ícone religioso é rico em detalhes e significados. No século VIII, emergiu um movimento iconoclasta no Império Bizantino que destruiu a maior parte dos ícones da época. Nesta iluminura, o autor faz uma analogia entre o pintor de ícones e os algozes de Cristo. O ícone estaria restringindo a divindade a uma representação fixa, que não faz jus à natureza divina. A adoração dos ícones assim como a iconoclastia são frutos de uma tensão que se acumula no cerne da sociedade moderna. Henri Lefebvre escreveu prolificamente sobre a contradição entre representação e realidade. Essa contradição foi magistralmente revelada por René Magritte na obra A Traição das Imagens (1928). A imagem de um cachimbo contradiz a frase "Isto não é um cachimbo", porém, a frase também é uma imagem. Como seria possível falar de um cachimbo sem a representação mínima dele pela linguagem? Na metade do século XX, a representação se tornou tão oposta à realidade que foi necessário construir máquinas capazes de processar signos de maneira independente da representação mecânica. Alan Turin e colegas construíram em 1939 a primeira máquina semiótica com o intuito de quebrar o código de criptografia alemã. Essa máquina desvinculava a representação do cálculo da representação mecânica. O filme "O jogo da imitação" (2014) conta essa história muito bem. A representação independente do suporte permitiu o surgimento de uma miríade de conceitos computacionais. Esses conceitos, entretanto, eram abstratos demais para quem não tinha uma formação matemática ou de engenharia. Com a intenção de tornar conceitos computacionais mais concretos e, portanto, acessíveis para especialistas de outras áreas, Douglas Engelbart e sua equipe na SRI International criaram o mouse em 1964, um dispositivo apontador que permitia interagir com representações computacionais de uma maneira mais direta. Diversas outras inovações surgiram à partir disso, tal como o hipertexto, o comando copiar e colar e outras. Nos anos 1970, surgem monitores de alta resolução capazes de exibir interfaces gráficas. David Canfield Smith defendeu uma tese em 1975 que propunha pela primeira vez a utilização de ícones em interfaces gráficas. Inspirado nos ícones religiosos, Smith propôs que ícones poderiam ser tão abstratos quanto concretos, ou seja, eles seriam representações capazes de processamento ao mesmo tempo capazes de referir-se a uma experiência concreta que o usuário tenha tido. O exemplo que ele oferece é a linguagem de programação visual Pygmalion, que ofereceria uma série de diagramas interativos. Nesta imagem, temos diversos ícones. O mais concreto são as setas da estrutura if/else que se assemelha a uma bifurcação de estradas. Em 1973, Tim Mott e Larry Tessler desenvolveram a Office Schematic dentro do laboratório Xerox Parc, uma proposta que iria definir o paradigma de representação para interfaces gráficas. Mott estava pensando como aproveitar melhor o recurso da interface gráfica e percebeu que haviam metáforas físicas para representar ações intra-documentos, tal como o comando de copiar e colar. Porém, não haviam metáforas para ações inter-documentos. Foi então que, diante de um guardanapo num restaurante, ele teve a ideia de representar um escritório na interface gráfica, onde os documentos pudessem ser movidos de um lugar a outro. O Office Schematic ficou conhecido posteriormente como metáfora desktop. Trabalhando com Mott e Tessler, Smith desenhou a primeira linha de ícones do Xerox Alto (1974), o primeiro computador a implementar uma interface gráfica com a metáfora desktop. Estes ícones representavam arquivos que podiam ser movidos para diferentes mídias de armazenamento, impressoras e outros computadores. Diversos outros conceitos de interface gráfica já estavam ali presentes, tais como a barra de rolagem, os menus e a manipulação direta. O Xerox Star que sucedeu o Alto tinha a proposta de ir além de controlar a edição e impressão de documentos. A proposta era ser um computador multifuncional para a gestão de empresas. Quatro séries de ícones foram criadas e testadas com usuários para verificar quais faziam mais sentido. Na Xerox Parc já existia uma visão de que o usuário leigo em informática deveria ser priorizado no projeto. Infelizmente a Xerox não conseguiu compreender as inovações que surgiram no Parc e acabou assinando um acordo com a Apple para que Steve Jobs e sua equipe visitasse o laboratório e conhecesse tais inovações. Ao ver a interface gráfica, Jobs teve a certeza de que era isso que precisava para realizar o conceito de Computação Pessoal que movia a empresa. Os ícones adquiriram o status que tem hoje depois que a Apple contratou Susan Kare para desenhar a família de ícones do primeiro Macintosh, lançado em 1984. Esses ícones eram muito diferentes dos ícones do Xerox Star. Ao invés de representar apenas conceitos computacionais, alguns destes ícones representam ações e emoções humanas. O objetivo era mostrar que o computador poderia refletir as preferências e interesses do usuário, o que fica evidente no ícone do Mac com um sorriso. Diversos outros ícones representavam partes do corpo humano para enfatizar essa relação pessoal com o usuário. O próximo marco na história dos ícones só viria em 2007, quando a Apple lançava o iPhone. Esse smartphone não era o primeiro com tela touch screen, porém, era o primeiro a priorizar o design de ícones. O design de produto do iPhone é extremamente simples visando colocar em evidência a interface gráfica e os ícones coloridos que ela continha. Os ícones eram o produto, o que ficaria mais claro depois que a Apple lançou a App Store e a possibilidade de desenvolvedores de fora da Apple colocarem ícones no iPhone para permitir acesso a seus aplicativos. Na versão comemorativa de 10 anos de lançamento do primeiro iPhone, a Apple novamente inovou no design de ícones com o lançamento dos animojis, que representavam através de animações sincronizadas em tempo real as expressões faciais do usuário. Aqui a Apple realizou de maneira literal a ideia antiga de que o computador poderia ser um espelho do usuário. O iPhone X também eliminou a necessidade de botões físicos, tornando o produto uma grande tela para interfaces gráficas. A relevância dos ícones na história da Interação Humano Computador se deve à: a) Relação entre conceitos abstratos a experiências concretas b) Mnemônica (fácil memorizar e reconhecer) c) Localização rápida na tela d) Economia de espaço na tela e) Internacionalização f) Afeto emocional Ao longo de sua história, ícones foram padronizados em certos elementos constitutivos. A sua "anatomia" atual consiste em sete elementos: fundo (contexto onde ele aparece), figura (forma básica ou silhueta), borda (entre a figura e o fundo), cor predominante da figura, iluminação (proveniente do canto superior esquerdo), rótulo descritivo e uma ação (representação estática de um movimento). A anatomia do ícone tem impacto direto na memorização e reconhecimento do ícone, que acontecem em processos graduais, mesmo que muito rápidos. A memorização começa à partir da imagem complexa do ícone que fica na memória de curta duração. Com o passar do tempo, a memória deste ícone se torna mais difusa e apenas traços distintivos permanecem. Após muito tempo, a pessoa lembra de características gerais, tais como a forma da figura, sua cor predominante ou a localização na tela. Em alguns casos, o ícone é completamente esquecido, porém, quando ele é visto novamente, o processo de reconhecimento acontece mais rapidamente. Ao escanear a tela, a pessoa busca primeiramente as características gerais do ícone, tais como a cor predominante e só depois considera os seus traços distintivos. Devido às características desses dois processos, ícones devem ter silhuetas simples e poucas cores. A maior relevância do ícone não está, entretanto, associado aos processos de memória e de reconhecimento, mas sim no processo de significação. O ícone tem o potencial de estabelecer uma rica rede de associações que levam ao sentido do aplicativo. O ícone do Find My iPhone lembra um radar que, assim como diversos outras tecnologias militares, agora estão presentes no cotidiano de civis. Uma tecnologia militar conecta-se bem com os casos de uso do aplicativo: roubo e vigilância parental. Não por acaso, a Apple tem um segundo aplicativo com a mesma função de localização do aparelho, porém, o Find My Friends exige autorização do amigo para compartilhar a localização. Com o Find My iPhone, os pais podem saber onde os filhos estão a qualquer momento através da interface web do iCloud sem autorização dos filhos. Esse processo de significação é muito bem explicado pela Engenharia Semiótica, uma teoria de Interação Humano Computador criada pela pesquisadora Clarisse de Souza da PUC-Rio. Essa teoria é baseada em duas premissas: O computador é uma máquina capaz de processar signos e a interface com o usuário é um processo de comunicação baseado em signos. O conceito principal da Engenharia Semiótica é a metacomunicação, ou seja, a comunicação do designer explicando como o usuário pode se comunicar com o computador. A aplicação seria uma mensagem que o designer enviaria para o usuário expressando que soluções existem para suas necessidades. O usuário interpretaria os signos contidos nessa mensagem e realizaria suas atividades. A metacomunicação é unidirecional, pois uma vez que o aplicativo é codificado, o designer não pode mais mudar a sua mensagem. Um dos maiores insights da Engenharia Semiótica é a distinção entre dois tipos de metacomunicação: operacional e estratégica. Na metacomunicação operacional, a interface expressa como usar a aplicação. Este tipo de metacomunicação já recebeu muita atenção de outras teorias de IHC. O diferencial da Engenharia Semiótica é a ênfase na metacomunicação estratégica, que expressa por quê o usuário deve utilizar a aplicação. No exemplo do tour de entrada do aplicativo AirBnB a descrição se refere às características da experiência do usuário e não aos elementos da interface. Embora a Engenharia Semiótica não coloque nesses termos, eu compreendo que ela propõe que o designer atue como um tradutor entre duas linguagems: a linguagem de programação e a linguagem de interação. Enquanto a linguagem de programação serve para dar instruções para o computador, a linguagem de interação serve para dar instruções para o usuário. Devido à informalidade, a linguagem de interação é definida por todos os "falantes", está em constante evolução e ninguém sabe exatamente todas as possibilidades desta linguagem. Em contraste, a linguagem de programação é definida por um grupo pequeno de pessoas e se torna fixa, devido à necessidade de formalidade. A linguagem de programação expressa conceitos computacionais enquanto a linguagem de interação expressa diversos tipos de conceitos. A unidade básica da linguagem de interação é o padrão de interação (pattern). Como exemplo, temos o padrão "Puxe para atualizar", primeiro utilizado pelo aplicativo do Twitter que, ao mesmo tempo em que criava um novo padrão, quebrava o padrão de clicar no ícone home para atualizar o feed, uma vez que este que não era percebido pelos usuários. O padrão de "Puxe para atualizar" logo se espalhou por outros aplicativos e se tornou parte da linguagem da interação falada nos aplicativos móveis. Ícones são interpretados como parte de uma linguagem de interação, porém, eles não são meras palavras. Ícones são frases. É possível através de um método chamado análise da estrutura frasal decompor um ícone em suas partes constitutivas. O sujeito normalmente refere-se ao usuário, o verbo é a ação possível, o advérbio é um qualificativo da ação e o predicado é o objeto principal do ícone, qualificado por adjetivos. No caso do ícone Firefox Crystal vemos que o designer Everaldo Coelho qualificou a raposa do Firefox como um animal mágico que pode navegar a web tão rápido quanto o fogo. Assim como na linguagem falada, nem todas as frases são ditas por completo, pois há informações não-ditas e implícitas. No caso dos ícones padrão da iOS Toolbar e Navigation Bar, as frases possuem verbos sem predicados, pois estes se referem ao que está carregado na View atual. Por outro lado, os ícones padrão da iOS Tab Bar possuem o mesmo verbo implícito (ver) com diversos predicados. Os ícones não demonstram o que é possível fazer com os objetos, apenas sugerem o tipo de conteúdo. Já os ícones do Home Screen do iOS não seguem um padrão. Alguns possuem verbo e predicado (Mapas), enquanto outros possuem apenas um substantivo (Mail). Porém, todos possuem muitos adjetivos para qualificar a experiência proporcionada por cada aplicativo. Os qualificativos são marca registrada dos ícones da Apple. Quando se compõe uma série de ícones para um mesmo aplicativo, vale à pena definir um padrão consistente para as frases. Assim a linguagem de ícones contribui para o microbranding da marca. A linguagem de ícones da Spotify possui espessuras finas, curvas com mesma ângulação e preenchimento vazio. A consistência na linguagem de ícones não deve, entretanto, prejudicar a distinção entre as frases. Uma vez que ícones nem sempre são vistos com atenção, a silhueta da figura deve ser diferente mesmo que a figura seja parecida, de modo a facilitar o reconhecimento diante de formas similares. Este exemplo foi publicado por @MegDraws no Twitter. Até agora estamos discutindo as possibilidades que a forma oferece para a informação. Porém, a "mágica" dos ícones acontecem nos níveis de estrutura e de função, quando contribui para a interação e experiência. Há uma certa equivalência entre esses três níveis de possibilidades aos três níveis de análise da linguagem: sintática, semântica e pragmática. Iremos agora analisar ícones nos níveis semânticos e pragmáticos. A Engenharia Semiótica é baseada no conceito de signo de Charles Sanders Peirce, o filósofo que fundou a escola americana de semiótica. O conceito de signo é baseado numa tríade entre três elementos: o representamen (também chamado de representante), o objeto que ele representa e o interpretante (também conhecido como significado). Neste exemplo, o ícone de pasta representa dados no disco rígido, mas a interpretação deste para um usuário específico é o álbum de fotos, pois é nesta pasta que a pessoa guarda as fotos. Segundo Peirce, um signo nunca emerge isolado. Cada signo é significado em relação a outros signos e dá origem a novos signos num processo conhecido como semiose ilimitada. Neste exemplo, o signo de álbum de fotos lembra a pessoa do álbum impresso, ela sente vontade de imprimir algumas fotos e imagina que pode dar de presente para alguém aquele álbum. Na Engenharia Semiótica, a semiose não é ilimitada. Ela pode ser interrompida por um signo que não faz sentido, fenômeno conhecido como breakdown. Neste momento, o usuário fica perdido ou frustrado e desiste do que estava fazendo. Certa vez tentei imprimir um álbum de fotos que havia preparado no Fotos do Mac e fiquei surpreso negativamente ao descobrir que não havia como encomendá-lo impresso pela ausência do serviço no Brasil. O aplicativo poderia ter me dito isso antes de maneira mais clara. A Engenharia Semiótica identificou diferentes expressões comuns do usuário quando ocorre a interrupção da semiose (De Souza et al, 1999). Algumas dessas expressões podem indicar um problema sério de usabilidade (fundo vermelho), como por exemplo, quando o usuário faz algo errado e não percebe. Elas também podem indicar um crescimento da competência do usuário e a dispensa de ajuda (fundo verde). Vejamos dois exemplos de interrupções na semiose causadas por uma mensagem com ruídos ou desvios de interpretação. O Macintosh original não tinha botão de ejetar para o disquete. Os designers criaram uma associação de arrastar e soltar o ícone do disquete até o ícone da lixeira para ejetar o disco. Depois de muitas reclamações de usuários que não encontravam a função (Onde estou?), o ícone da lixeira passou a mudar para um ícone de ejetar sempre que um disco era arrastado. Mesmo com o representamen correto, muitos usuários ainda ficam com medo de apagar os dados do disquete, CD, DVD ou pendrive até hoje e preferem fazê-lo pelo botão de ejetar do finder (Obrigado, mas não). Na minha visão, a semiose é, na maior parte do tempo, interrompida pela falta de interesse ou de atenção. A pessoa simplesmente não quer aquilo que o signo está representando. O que mais interessa aos usuários não é como o ícone foi desenhado (sintática), nem o que ele representa computacionalmente (semântica), mas o que é possível fazer com ele (pragmática). Essa característica da Interação Humano Computador está sendo gradualmente compreendida através de teorias como a Engenharia Semiótica. Emojis são um exemplo popular de ícones que não representam conceitos computacionais. Ele não representa um espaço ou uma funcionalidade do computador, mas sim uma emoção ou intenção de comunicação do usuário. Ícones representam cada vez mais conceitos não-computacionais. Isso torna ícones cada vez mais sujeitos às contradições da sociedade, em particular, entre representação e realidade. Na última versão do iOS (11), a Apple incluiu a silhueta que parece de uma mulher no ícone da lista de contatos. Anteriormente, o ícone continha apenas uma figura com feições bastante masculinas. A questão contraditória que levou à Apple a incluir a silhueta é: porque mulheres não deveriam ser representadas se elas figuram na lista de contatos? Apesar da mudança, o déficit de representação da mulher ainda continua. Embora o signo seja uma estrutura de simples compreensão, a análise do signo permite ver sutilezas que não estão claras à primeira vista. Peirce propôs três tricotomias para analisar signos. A primeira tricotomia diz respeito ao representamen e ele mesmo. O qualisigno é uma relação de representação em que a qualidade do representamen fala por si. Neste exemplo de qualisigno, o ícone representa a qualidade de ser ícone, a "iconicidade". O sinsigno é uma relação de particularidade. O signo representa algo único, particular, tal como os trejeitos da expressão facial de uma pessoa. O legisigno é tal como uma Lei, algo inevitável. A representação do botão de desligar inequivocamente irá desligar o aparelho. A segunda tricotomia diz respeito à relação entre representamen e objeto. Quando o representamen é similar ao objeto, a relação é chamada tecnicamente de ícone. Note que no resto dessa apresentação eu não utilizei essa compreensão mais restrita de ícone. Prefiro utilizar o nome ícone também para índices e símbolos, que não são tipos de imagens mas tipos de relações. A relação de índice é uma causalidade, ou seja, o objeto causa uma modificação na representação ou vice-e-versa. No exemplo do calendário, a data atual modifica a forma do ícone. Já a relação de símbolo é completamente arbitrária e se justifica apenas pela convenção. O desenho + não tem nenhuma relação além da arbitrariedade com a operação matemática da soma, por exemplo. A terceira tricotomia serve para analisar as relações entre representamen e interpretante. Se o ícone representar uma possibilidade não muito clara, ele pode ser chamado de rema, tal como o ícone do microfone da Siri. O usuário não sabe se ela vai entender o que ele irá falar. No momento em que o usuário fala, aparece um outro ícone, um ícone dinâmico cuja forma se altera de acordo com o volume das ondas sonoras. Esse ícone é um fato. A Siri está lhe ouvindo, mas ainda não há certeza de que ela lhe entende. Você só consegue perceber isso nas respostas que a Siri dá, que não seria um ícone, mas seria uma relação de argumento. O argumento expressa uma relação de certeza entre o representamen e o interpretante. Embora as tricotomias sirvam à classificação de relações, elas não foram criadas meramente para classificar signos desse ou daquele tipo. As tricotomias servem para perceber as variações no processo de representação. Scott McCloud conseguiu representar isso magistralmente no triângulo que mostra o continuum entre realidade, significado e plano da figura. Os extremos desse triângulo corresponderiam ao ícone na esquerda (figura muito similar à realidade), ao qualisigno no topo (representamen representando a representação) e ao símbolo na direita (rosto simplificado). O signo pode transitar entre as categorias dependendo da situação em que ele emerge. Um estudo superficial sobre a Semiótica pode levar o designer a acreditar que ele pode garantir um interpretante a partir da manipulação do representamen. Isso, segundo a Semiótica não é possível, pois o objeto do signo tem caráter dinâmico. Ora o signo representa uma coisa, ora outra. Por esse motivo não há uma tricotomia sobre a relação entre representamen e objeto. O que pode ser feito é considerar os padrões de interação existentes, as particularidades do contexto e as possibilidades expressivas. No design de ícones, existem três práticas que consideram as relações das tricotomias peirceanas. A primeira prática é a definição de parâmetros de representação antes de conceber o signo. A primeira coisa que Susan Kare ao ser contratada pela Apple em 1982 para desenhar ícones foi comprar um caderno de rascunhos quadriculado. Desenhando nesse caderno, ela restringiu os representamens ao que seria possível com a tecnologia do pixel da interface gráfica. A segunda prática é a geração de alternativas para encontrar representamens potenciais do objeto. Tom Bigelajzen desenhou algumas alternativas para os ícones do player multimídia VLC antes de escolher a final. Isso ajudou-o a considerar qual representamen era mais adequado ao objeto (a funcionalidade de configuração do aplicativo). Para verificar a relação entre representamen e interpretante, é indicada a prática de testes com usuários. No exemplo acima, eu criei um sistema chamado Icon Sorting que mostrava um ícone a cada 13 segundos e perguntava ao usuário qual o rótulo mais apropriado. A quantidade de opções e o tempo curto forçava uma associação rápida e corriqueira, mais parecida com o contexto de uso. Os ícones que não tiveram associações foram descartados. Existem outras maneiras de testar ícones com usuários, por exemplo, através de entrevistas e diálogos presenciais. Apesar de tudo o que disse até agora, a melhor maneira de projetar um novo ícone, muitas vezes é não fazê-lo. Se existe um ícone que atingiu o status de símbolo para aquele objeto, é melhor utilizá-lo do que criar um novo. Existem diversas bibliotecas com milhares de ícones gratuitos para utilização. Na maior parte dos casos, é mais fácil adaptar um desses ícones do que criar um do zero. O desafio do design de ícones não é o desenho, mas sim a designação de sentido, que não é uma tarefa exata. Não é um processo exato porque mesmo os símbolos mais convencionais podem perder o sentido ao longo do tempo. Um exemplo contemporâneo é o ícone de salvar que, antigamente, referia-se à mídia de armazenamento principal (disquete de 3 e 1/2 polegadas). Hoje em dia, existem pessoas que nunca viram um disquete desse tipo mas que conseguem reconhecer o ícone de salvar em diferentes contextos. Porém, existem muitos aplicativos que já não estão mais utilizando este ícone para representar salvar ou porque não existem mais essa funcionalidade (os dados são salvos automaticamente em intervalos de tempo) ou porque existem dois tipos de salvar (salvar na nuvem e salvar no dispositivo). Qualquer signo estará sempre sujeito à contradição entre representação e realidade. O design de ícones reproduz e transforma essa contradição o tempo todo. Compreendê-la é mais interessante do que negá-la. Made with Keynote Extractor.Comente este post

Eileen Clegg is a visual journalist and founder of the company Visual Insight. She is known for her visual facilitation of human interactions, and for her history timeline murals, most recently the Women Inventors and Innovators mural. She has a passion for “I.A” (human intelligence augmentation), inspired by her mentor, Dr. Douglas Engelbart, the pioneer in personal computing. In 2016, she assembled a team for a start-up company, TTenTT (pronounced “Tent”), which visually facilitates online meetings through dynamic, curated conversations.

Douglas Engelbart is not a household name, but you owe much of what you do in day-to-day life to him. He invented modern computing, and by 1968 he had the vision to predict what our... The post #70 – Of Mice and Man appeared first on Mark and Toddcast.

Mit der Digitalisierung werden die Kulturtechniken der Schrift nicht einfach in ein neues Medium übertragen. Vielmehr werden sie durch das digitale Medium geprägt und verändert, und parallel dazu verändern sich auch die Texte. Während das Zeitalter des Buchdrucks als „Gutenberg-Galaxis“ (Marshall McLuhan) bezeichnet wurde, kann man heute von einer "Engelbart-Galaxis" sprechen: Douglas Engelbart, der Erfinder der Computer-Maus, entwickelte die erste computergestützte Textverarbeitung in den 1960er Jahren und verband so die Kulturtechniken der Schrift mit den grundlegenden technologischen Entwicklungen seiner Zeit. Diese Entwicklungen - Automatisierung, Medienintegration und Vernetzung - bestimmen heute mehr denn je unseren Umgang mit Schrift. Im Vortrag wird gezeigt, wie sich dies auf Kulturtechniken und die Schriftkultur insgesamt auswirkt und auf was wir uns für die Zukunft einstellen müssen. Henning Lobin (*1964) studierte Germanistik, Philosophie und Informatik. Nach Promotion (1991, U. Bonn) und Habilitation (1996, U. Bielefeld) wurde er 1999 auf den Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Sprachwissenschaft und Computerlinguistik an die Universität Gießen berufen. Seit 2007 leitet er das Zentrum für Medien und Interaktivität und fungierte dort als Sprecher mehrerer Forschungsverbünde. Lobin ist Autor von sieben Monografien (zuletzt 'Engelbarts Traum', 2014, 'Die wissenschaftliche Präsentation', 2012, 'Computerlinguistik und Texttechnologie', 2010) und Herausgeber zahlreicher Sammelbände. Foto: © Goethe-Institut. Martin Mařák

中国国际航空公司可笑的伪舱内 Wi-Fi，Google 的新图标，即将重返中国的 Google Play Store，以及 Facebook 的智能机器人「M」。 本期会员通讯将于稍后发至各位会员邮箱。每月三十元，支持不鸟万如一和 Rio 把《IT 公论》做成最好的科技播客。请访问 itgonglun.com/member。若您无意入会，但喜欢某一期节目，也欢迎用支付宝或 PayPal 支付小费至 hi@itgonglun.com，支付宝用户亦可扫描下方二维码： 相关链接 John Markoff 关于人工智能和机器人学的新书《Machines of Loving Grace》 乔布斯电子邮件生成器 《Wired》杂志关于 Facebook M 的文章 John McCarthy Doug Engelbart Robot or Not? Hans Moravec Norbert Wiener IPN 播客网络常见问题解答 人物简介 不鸟万如一：字节社创始人。 Rio: Apple4us 程序员。

主持：陸志勤、李碩宏；嘉賓主持：Derek 「滑鼠之父」Douglas Engelbart離世，原來不經不覺滑 […]

ATENÇÃO Este episódio é dedicado à memória de Douglas Engelbart, que faleceu em 2 de julho. Sobre o episódio Bem-vindos ao primeiro papo de boteco do Retrocomputaria! Demos uma parada nos bids e nos snipers para falar sobre leilões, colecionismo e tudo o mais em volta. Nesta parte do episódio Falamos do culto do retro … Continue lendo Episódio 35 – Colecionismo e leilões – Parte B →

In this episode: The laundry list of movie sequels and remakes coming in 2015, the ridiculous 2005 Jurassic Park IV concept featuring human-dinosaur hybrids, Greg wishing Julianne Moore had been eaten by dinosaurs, Douglas Engelbart- inventor of the computer mouse, She's All That (1999) was actually written by M. Night Shyamalan, What Ever Happened To? (Rachael Leigh Cook), our review of Quentin Tarantino's Django Unchained (2013) starring Jamie Foxx, new digital comics of popular 1980s/90s TV shows (Saved by the Bell, Airwolf, Knight Rider, Punky Brewster, Miami Vice) by Lion Forge Comics, "Ascension Millennium"- a terrible new song/music video from Corey Feldman, Leah Remini vs. Kirstie Alley over Scientology, upcoming Rocky spin-off Creed (2015) co-starring Sylvester Stallone, Gordon Ramsay's Kitchen Nightmares, the crazy Amy's Baking Company episode, difference between bollocks and bullocks, What Ever Happened To? (Paris Hilton), Shia LaBeouf staring at a motorcyclist at a red light, Rob's gross foot injury, Celebrity Wife Swap with Ric Flair and Rowdy Roddy Piper, Jamestown settlers ate teenager's brains in the 1600s, celebrity death (wrestling's Paul Bearer), "Please Don't Break My Atari" song/music video by lo-fi legend Weird Paul Petroskey, Rob crying when his Atari 2600 got thrown out, Rob dressing up as Pete Rose in 6th grade for a book report, and Greg's 6th grade home made Read Along Classic of "War of the Worlds" featuring the "Rooster Delight" commercial. 64.5 minutes - http://www.paunchstevenson.com

ATENÇÃO Este episódio é dedicado à memória de Douglas Engelbart, que faleceu em 2 de julho. Sobre o episódio Bem-vindos ao primeiro papo de boteco do Retrocomputaria! Demos uma parada nos bids e nos snipers para falar sobre leilões, colecionismo e tudo o mais em volta. Nesta parte do episódio Falamos da origem do leilões, … Continue lendo Episódio 35 – Colecionismo e leiloes – Parte A →

Enregistré le 12 juillet 2013 Téléchargement de l’épisode LesCastCodeurs-Episode–83.mp3 News Langages et JVM Scala et la bourde de Rod Johnson http://code.technically.us/post/54293186930/scala-in-2007-2013 L’alignement des structures en mémoire http://www.infoq.com/news/2013/06/Native-Performance Article sur le GC G1 http://www.insightfullogic.com/blog/2013/jun/24/garbage-collection-java-4/ Intégration avec IntelliJ IDEA d’une VM qui permet du full HotSwap en développment http://blogs.jetbrains.com/idea/2013/07/get-true-hot-swap-in-java-with-dcevm-and-intellij-idea/ DCEVM http://ssw.jku.at/dcevm/ Java 8 feature complète http://j.mp/11OqItQ Article expliquant que les utilisateurs de Groovy seront prêts à passer facilement à Java 8 http://www.infoq.com/articles/groovy-to-Java-8 Oracle moins soucieux de la backward compatibilité ? Shay Banon qui note qu’une update change la sérialisation de InetAddress https://twitter.com/kimchy/status/354881694282690560 Projet Groovy affecté par la suppression d’une méthode dans un package sun.* mais aucun workaround proposé http://www.infoq.com/news/2013/07/Oracle-Removes-getCallerClass et http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=8014925 Vulnérabilité des JavaDocs http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/225657 Un fix releasé dans la foulée par Cédric Champeau pour Gradle avec un plugin https://github.com/melix/gradle-javadoc-hotfix-plugin Un fix releasé dans la foulée par Olivier Lamy pour Maven avec la MAJ du plugin javadoc (2.9.1) http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-javadoc-plugin Web GWT.create, une conférence 100% sur GWT http://gwtcreate.com Encodage d’URL, vous avez tord http://blog.lunatech.com/2009/02/03/what-every-web-developer-must-know-about-url-encoding Retour d’expérience sur le tout JavaScript http://fr.slideshare.net/nzakas/enough-withthejavascriptalready Mobile et Bureau Les jeux iOS vs Androïd http://games.greggman.com/game/android-vs-ios-game-myths/ Liens sur Java Desktop http://jonathangiles.net/blog/?p=1483 Java EE et serveurs d’application Les presentations des différentes specs http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL74xrT3oGQfCCLFJ2HCTR_iN5hV4penDz JSR 107 en public draft review Pivotal tcserver vs Apache Tomcat http://blog.gopivotal.com/products/part-one-comparing-tomcat-and-pivotal-tc-server Introduction à Inject et Default http://java.dzone.com/articles/cdi-default-and-inject La roadmap de Play 2.x https://docs.google.com/document/d/11sVi1-REAIDFVHvwBrfRt1uXkBzROHQYgmcZNGJtDnA/pub WildFly 8 alpha 2 est sorti http://jboss-as7-development.1055759.n5.nabble.com/wildfly-dev-8-0-0-Alpha2-Released-td5712259.html Feature Flipping For Java http://ff4j.org/ NoSQL et Big Data et cloud Les mythes de Cassandra http://www.infoq.com/articles/cassandra-mythology HortonWprks reçoit 50 M http://www.crunchbase.com/company/hortonworks Le tck de Google App Engine et CapeDwarf http://www.infoworld.com/d/cloud-computing/google-and-red-hat-collaborate-app-engine-in-private-clouds-221214 Outils GitHub introduit la capacité de releaser une librairie https://github.com/blog/1547-release-your-software limité à 100 MB de stockage pas de statistiques de téléchargement Bintray https://bintray.com Eclipse Kepler est sorti http://eclipse.org/kepler/ m2eclipse http://www.eclipse.org/m2e/ Arquillian pour Spring et Guice http://bit.ly/19U3f2t http://bit.ly/16Nhr9J Packer, un créateur de VMs concurrent de Veewee créé par l’auteur de Vagrant http://www.packer.io/ Bon tuto Git en Francais : http://www.miximum.fr/tutos/1546-enfin-comprendre-git Reutiliser des plugins Maven pour construire son propre plugin Maven : https://github.com/TimMoore/mojo-executor Divers Oracle relicence BerkleyDB de Sleepycat vers AGPL 3.0 http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.debian.devel.legal/35034 Douglas Engelbart, L’inventeur de la souris est mort http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/04/technology/douglas-c-engelbart-inventor-of-the-computer-mouse-dies-at-88.html?ref=obituaries&_r=0 Encrypter ses données dropbox http://goo.gl/EUT1E Se faire son dropbox sécurisé chez soi avec son disque dur externe http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/cloud-guys/plug-the-brain-of-your-devices Sécuriser ses clefs SSH http://martin.kleppmann.com/2013/05/24/improving-security-of-ssh-private-keys.html InfoQ en Français http://www.infoq.com/fr Outils de l’épisode Ncdu (disk usage in command line http://dev.yorhel.nl/ncdu Encfs http://www.arg0.net/encfs JUG et Conferences JUG Summer Camp - 20 septembre https://sites.google.com/site/jugsummercamp/ Codeurs en Seine - 17 octobre 2013 - http://www.codeursenseine.com/ Scala IO - 24–25 Octobre 2013 - the Scala and functionnal programming conference in Paris http://scala.io/ Soft Shake 24, 25 octobre à Genève Devoxx Belgique - 11 - 15 Nov - http://www.devoxx.be/#/ Nous contacter Contactez-nous via twitter http://twitter.com/lescastcodeurs sur le groupe Google http://groups.google.com/group/lescastcodeurs ou sur le site web http://lescastcodeurs.com/ Flattr-ez nous (dons) sur http://lescastcodeurs.com/ En savoir plus sur le sponsoring? sponsors@lescastcodeurs.com