Podcasts about th1 th2

In this episode, we sit down with Dr. John Lewis, a leading expert in nutritional research and the therapeutic potential of Aloe polysaccharides. Dr. Lewis shares insights from his groundbreaking studies on Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), and the broader impacts of Aloe polysaccharides on immune function and brain health. Key Topics Discussed Understanding Aloe Polysaccharides What are Aloe polysaccharides? How are they extracted and formulated for nutritional supplements? Research on Alzheimer's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis Overview of Dr. Lewis's studies on Alzheimer's disease and MS. Impact of Aloe polysaccharides on cognitive function and disease progression. Immune System Modulation Effects of Aloe polysaccharides on CD4 to CD8 ratios. Regulation of key cytokines: TNF-alpha, VEGF, and BDNF. Balancing TH1 and TH2 responses. Brain Care Formulation Detailed discussion on the Brain Care formulation developed by Dr. Lewis. Clinical results and patient outcomes. Challenges in Nutritional Research Funding difficulties for nutritional and supplement research. Issues with the pharmacological model of placebo-controlled randomized double-blind trials. Why this model is challenging for evaluating supplements and nutritional interventions. Future Directions and Innovations Potential future applications of Aloe polysaccharides in other health conditions. Innovations in nutritional research methodologies. Key Takeaways Aloe Polysaccharides: Naturally occurring compounds with significant therapeutic potential, particularly in modulating immune function and supporting brain health. Clinical Research: Dr. Lewis's studies highlight the positive effects of Aloe polysaccharides on Alzheimer's disease, MS, and overall immune health. Nutritional Research Challenges: The current pharmacological model of clinical trials poses challenges for the study of supplements, necessitating new research approaches. Research References Studies on Alzheimer's disease and Aloe polysaccharides: Positive impacts on cognitive function and disease markers. Research on MS: Aloe polysaccharides and their role in managing symptoms and progression. Immune modulation: Detailed findings on CD4/CD8 ratios, cytokines (TNF-alpha, VEGF, BDNF), and TH1/TH2 balance. Dr. John Lewis provides compelling evidence on the health benefits of Aloe polysaccharides and underscores the need for innovative research methodologies in nutritional science. This episode offers valuable insights for anyone interested in the intersection of nutrition, immune function, and brain health.Connect with Dr. John Lewis Website: Dr. John Lewis Nutrition If you want to get Daily Brain Care visit our online curated range of cutting edge longevity and anti-aging supplements at  BIO John E. Lewis, Ph.D. is the Founder and President of Dr Lewis Nutrition™. Dr. John E. Lewis has spent most of his career developing a unique approach as someone who "walks the walk" through all of his combined professional and personal experiences to attaining optimal health through nutrition, dietary supplements, and exercise. Throughout his research career, he has evaluated many different nutritional approaches to enhancing well-being, particularly for brain health, immune function, and counteracting aging. He can separate fact from fiction regarding how to utilize nutrition and dietary supplements to help you achieve and maintain optimal health. If you need a trusted source of information, products, and services, then look no further than Dr. Lewis and how he can help you achieve your health-related goals. Professional Career Dr. Lewis is past full-time Associate Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and the Founder and President of Dr Lewis Nutrition™. He is a Diplomate, Faculty Member, and Advisor of the Medical Wellness Association. He has been the principal investigator of over 30 different studies on human health in his research career. During that time, he either directly raised or indirectly supported raising over $23 million in grants, gifts, and contracts for research studies and clinical trials and educational programs for medical students. In addition to his research, Dr. Lewis has been an invited national and international lecturer and guest speaker at conferences and as a guest on television shows. He is a well-known author with over 180 peer-reviewed publications in some of the world's leading scientific journals. He has also mentored many different students, from undergraduates to post-doctoral trainees, in not only how to conduct clinical research but to apply the principles of health promotion into daily practice. Research Interests Much of Dr. Lewis's research has focused on evaluating the effects of nutrition, dietary supplements, and exercise on various aspects of human health. He and his colleagues have been continually searching for ways to help people achieve and maintain health through natural treatments that align with our physiology. A primary stimulus for the origin of Dr Lewis Nutrition™ occurred after Dr. Lewis ran his landmark study on how an aloe polysaccharide multi-nutrient complex improved cognitive and immune functioning after 12 months in persons with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease, leading to the creation of the dietary supplement, Daily Brain Care. Daily Brain Care showed clinically and statistically significant improvements in cognition according to the ADAS-cog cognition score and statistically significant improvements in inflammation (according to TNFα and VEGF), immune function (according to the CD4/CD8 ratio), and adult stem cells (according to CD14+ cells). His seminal publication from the study in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease not only spurred him to leave academics and pursue a science-based business career, but also enabled him to be selected for a widely-acclaimed TEDxMiami talk. Founding Dr Lewis Nutrition™ While Dr. Lewis still maintains an academic affiliation, he chose to leave a full-time research career to pursue his true passion of helping people achieve health through nutrition, dietary supplements, and exercise. His research in brain health and immune function was key in the creation of Daily Brain Care, but afterward he chose to shift into business where the opportunity to reach a larger audience is greater. Dr Lewis Nutrition™ is the vehicle through which Dr. Lewis leverages his many years of personal and professional work to spread a message of health that is so desperately needed, particularly for those who are afflicted with an all-too-common chronic disease, e.g., neurodegeneration, immune dysfunction, or cardiac and metabolic disorder. Dr. Lewis will continue to be a thought leader to help people utilize the power of nutrition and dietary supplements and learn how to take control of and optimize their health.         Personalised Health Optimisation Consulting with Lisa Tamati Lisa offers solution focused coaching sessions to help you find the right answers to your challenges. Topics Lisa can help with:  Lisa is a Genetics Practitioner, Health Optimisation Coach, High Performance and Mindset Coach. She is a qualified Ph360 Epigenetics coach and a clinician with The DNA Company and has done years of research into brain rehabilitation, neurodegenerative diseases and biohacking. She has extensive knowledge on such therapies as hyperbaric oxygen,  intravenous vitamin C, sports performance, functional genomics, Thyroid, Hormones, Cancer and much more. She can assist with all functional medicine testing. Testing Options Comprehensive Thyroid testing DUTCH Hormone testing Adrenal Testing Organic Acid Testing Microbiome Testing Cell Blueprint Testing Epigenetics Testing DNA testing Basic Blood Test analysis Heavy Metals  Nutristat Omega 3 to 6 status and more  Lisa and her functional medicine colleagues in the practice can help you navigate the confusing world of health and medicine . She can also advise on the latest research and where to get help if mainstream medicine hasn't got the answers you are searching for whatever the  challenge you are facing from cancer to gut issues, from depression and anxiety, weight loss issues, from head injuries to burn out to hormone optimisation to the latest in longevity science. Book your consultation with Lisa    Join our Patron program and support the show Pushing the Limits' has been free to air for over 8 years. Providing leading edge information to anyone who needs it. But we need help on our mission.  Please join our patron community and get exclusive member benefits (more to roll out later this year) and support this educational platform for the price of a coffee or two You can join by going to  Lisa's Patron Community Or if you just want to support Lisa with a "coffee" go to  https://www.buymeacoffee.com/LisaT to donate $3   Lisa's Anti-Aging and Longevity Supplements  Lisa has spent years curating a very specialized range of exclusive longevity, health optimizing supplements from leading scientists, researchers and companies all around the world.  This is an unprecedented collection. The stuff Lisa wanted for her family but couldn't get in NZ that's what it's in her range. Lisa is constantly researching and interviewing the top scientists and researchers in the world to get you the best cutting edge supplements to optimize your life.   Subscribe to our popular Youtube channel  with over 600 videos, millions of views, a number of full length documentaries, and much more. You don't want to miss out on all the great content on our Lisa's youtube channel. Youtube   Order Lisa's Books Lisa has published 5 books: Running Hot, Running to Extremes, Relentless, What your oncologist isn't telling you and her latest "Thriving on the Edge"  Check them all out at  https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books   Perfect Amino Supplement by Dr David Minkoff Introducing PerfectAmino PerfectAmino is an amino acid supplement that is 99% utilized by the body to make protein. PerfectAmino is 3-6x the protein of other sources with almost no calories. 100% vegan and non-GMO. The coated PerfectAmino tablets are a slightly different shape and have a natural, non-GMO, certified organic vegan coating on them so they will glide down your throat easily. Fully absorbed within 20-30 minutes! No other form of protein comes close to PerfectAminos Listen to the episode with Dr Minkoff here:    Use code "tamati" at checkout to get a 10% discount on any of their devices.   Red Light Therapy: Lisa is a huge fan of Red Light Therapy and runs a Hyperbaric and Red Light Therapy clinic. If you are wanting to get the best products try Flexbeam: A wearable Red Light Device https://recharge.health/product/flexbeam-aff/?ref=A9svb6YLz79r38   Or Try Vielights' advanced Photobiomodulation Devices Vielight brain photobiomodulation devices combine electrical engineering and neuroscience. To find out more about photobiomodulation, current studies underway and already completed and for the devices mentioned in this video go to www.vielight.com and use code “tamati” to get 10% off     Enjoyed This Podcast? If you did, subscribe and share it with your friends! If you enjoyed tuning in, then leave us a review and share this with your family and friends. Have any questions? You can contact my team through email (support@lisatamati.com) or find me on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube. For more episode updates, visit my website. You may also tune in on Apple Podcasts.  To pushing the limits, Lisa and team

The longevity research world is exploding right now, it's so exciting and the technology is advancing in leaps and bounds and we are able now to discover faster than ever before thanks to AI and co to test more molecules that can impact human health than ever before in the history of mankind. What would have taken years now takes weeks or months. In this episode I talk to Michael Antonelli CEO and founder of Healthgevity. Michael is a master formulator who has spent decades in the anti-ageing and longevity space learning at the feet of many masters and who is at the forefront of working with companies at the cutting edge in peptide and bioactive ingredient development. All his formulations are science backed with clinical research and I was excited to learn about something of these novel molecules Introduction to Healthgevity and its CEO, Michael Antonelli Overview of Healthgevity's approach: merging clinical research, AI, and medical expertise Exploring the importance of longevity in today's society Michael Antonelli's journey and motivation behind founding Healthgevity The role of cutting-edge science in developing longevity supplements How Healthgevity collaborates with clinical practitioners and doctors Deep dive into Healthgevity's science-backed formulations Examples of specific ingredients and their benefits in promoting longevity The impact of AI in optimizing formulations and personalizing supplementation Addressing common misconceptions about longevity supplements Future prospects and advancements in the longevity industry   BIO   Throughout a career spanning over 17 years, Michael passionately devoted himself to pioneering methods aimed at enhancing longevity, optimizing healthspan, and elevating overall quality of life. His focus revolves around collaborating with leading healthcare professionals, researchers, and other likeminded healthcare leaders to create natural solutions that elevate patient outcomes. Michael utilizes his past experiences that integrates a diverse range of therapies and services, spanning from precision diagnostics to practice management strategies, hormone optimization, nutritional supplements, and leveraging peptides. Previous roles included Chief Innovation Officer, Executive Director, and Business Development for leading companies within the healthcare industry before founding Healthgevity. His expertise extends beyond conventional approaches, emphasizing holistic well-being and personalized care as essential components to any successful medical practice. By championing novel methodologies and innovative technologies, Michal facilitates transformative changes within the healthcare landscape, fostering advancements that positively impact both practitioners and the individuals they serve.  Michael continues to remain dedicated to the pursuit of innovative strategies that enhance health and vitality while reshaping the paradigms of healthcare.   Some of the products mentioned in this podcast:   CARDIO NAD+ Vascular health and aging are the most important health care problem in the world today. Healthy aging requires healthy arteries and a healthy heart. Cardio NAD+ is a state-of-the-art solution which uses the most novel ingredients available to help optimize cardiovascular health. As one of the most important systems in your body, we have designed this combination to be synergistic to the many different areas of cardiovascular health while demonstrating cardioprotective effects including the emerging connection between NAD+ and heart health. Featured Supportive Benefits: Improves net NAD+ status by supporting both its synthesis and limiting its degradation Supports healthy blood pressure Improves vascular aging and endothelial function Supports healthy fibrinolytic activity and clotting function Promotes healthy circulation and blood flow Inhibits platelet & red blood cell aggregation Decreases blood viscosity Supports clinical measures of inflammation Supports healthy blood sugar and insulin levels Inhibits lipid peroxidation Supports healthy lipid metabolism Demonstrated reduction in various independent cardiovascular risk factors   Resolve+ Resolve+ contains numerous compounds that have been found to reduce the inflammatory response by targeting a variety of mechanisms.  Acmella oleracea ("jambu") is sourced from Sardinia, Italy and rich in alkylamides mainly represented by spilanthol. Its flowers are widely used in folk medicine to treat toothache due to tingling, numbness, and local anesthesia caused in the mouth.  Acmella oleracea has been shown to be active in fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibition the enzyme responsible for the degradation of fatty acid amides and cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) activation.  There are almost 100 studies suggesting the supportive potential for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic effects of Acmella. Studies reported in this review confirmed activities of Acmella, postulating that transcription factors of the nuclear factor-κB family (NF-κB) trigger the transcription iNOS and COX-2 and several other pro-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), has been well documented to exhibit various health benefits. There have been many claims on the health benefits of curcumin on neurological, cardiovascular, lung, metabolic, and liver function, mainly through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Despite its promising potential, the clinical application of curcumin has been limited due to its low bioavailability. To enhance curcumin absorption, we are the first to feature Theracurmin Super® 85X, a proprietary curcumin utilizing the latest technology that transforms standard curcumin into an amorphous structure. Theracurmin Super® 85X uses the latest technology to transform regular curcumin particles into a more bioavailable structure. This is done by splitting curcumin particles' crystal structure amorphous, therefore, making it easily absorbed and bioavailable to maximize its supportive potential. Tetrahydrocurcumin (4-HC) is the key bioactive derivative of curcumin, it's also given credibility as the engine behind all that curcumin brings to the table. With a newfound ability to extract and isolate the compound, research has even seen tetrahydrocurcumin outperform its parent compound in several tests of its capabilities. Researchers have also confirmed that 4-HC attenuated pro-inflammatory indicators like interleukin-1, interleukin-6, TNF-⍺, and prostaglandin E2.  After reviewing the data, we found many advantages to infuse tetrahydrocurcumin as CurcuPrime® stacked with Theracurmin Super® 85X into Resolve+. Quercetin is a well-known studied dietary flavonoid ubiquitously present in various vegetables. Quercetin is known for its antioxidant activity in radical scavenging and anti-allergic properties characterized by stimulation of immune system, antiviral activity, inhibition of histamine release, decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines, leukotrienes creation, and suppresses interleukin IL-4 production.  Multiple studies have confirmed its supportive potential as an immune modulator and its ability to support a healthy inflammatory response. It can improve the Th1/Th2 balance, and restrain antigen specific IgE antibody formation However, chemical instability, poor water solubility and low bioavailability of quercetin greatly limit its applications which is why a phytosome technology which we feature in resolve is the preferred delivery system to overcome these limitations.  This enhanced form of quercetin has been shown to be as much as 20 times better absorbed than other quercetin options.  Casperome®  boswellia phytosome is a potent extract made from the resin of Boswellia serrata trees and is also referred as Indian frankincense. Boswellia extracts have been demonstrated to be effective in the management of various inflammatory response functions including those that occur in the bowel, joints, bones, respiratory airways and in the brain. The mechanism of action that involves the modulation of the natural inflammatory response both acting on prostanoid synthesis (mPGE2S) and protein degradation (caspases), and transcription factors (Nf-κB).  We have selected Casperome® which is a highly standardized in boswellic acids to match the natural composition of boswellia, formulated with phytosome technology to achieve optimized absorption and has been validated by over 10 human studies. Perilla frutescens is an annual herb belonging to the mint family (Lamiaceae). It is mainly produced in countries like China, Japan, India, Thailand and Korea. Recently, Perilla is gaining more attention because of its medicinal benefits and phytochemical contents. The functional compounds of Perilla Seed Extract are flavonoid Aglycons – polyphenols such as Luteolin, Apigenin, Chrysoeriol, and Rosemarinic Acid. Studies have shown that Perilla seed polyphenols regulate allergic and inflammatory response due to its 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity and suppression potential of histamine release from mast cells. AstraGin® is a natural compound derived from the roots of two traditional Chinese herbs: Panax notoginseng and Astragalus membranaceous which contain astragaloside I, II, IV and ginsenoside Rb1. AstraGin® has been shown to provide full-spectrum gut support through enhanced absorption, microbiota and immune cell viability, and supporting a health. AstraGin® has been shown in numerous studies to increase the absorption of peptides, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and phytonutrients by up regulating the absorption specific mRNA and transporters, such as SGLT1, CAT1, and GLUT4. Additionally, AstraGin® was shown to reduce intestinal inflammatory biomarker MPO, the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17, and IL-1β in ulcerative colitis patients. Prime Gut Health Prime Gut Health was created because the digestive system is the foundation of getting and staying healthy. There are many benefits to an optimal digestive system such as a healthy immune system and the protection against harmful viruses, bacteria, fungi, and yeast. The ingredients selected in Prime Gut Health work together to help restore gut homeostasis and GI barrier function.    There are many benefits to taking Prime Gut Health, including:  Supports healthy GI barrier function*   Helps restore gut homeostasis* Binds and neutralizes bacterial toxins in the gut*  Promotes a healthy immune system and respiratory health* Supports digestive health and gut discomfort*  Increased nutrient absorption*  Supports gut inflammation especially within the intestinal wall*  Promotes a healthier GI environment* Promoted regularity and healthy bowel function*    WHAT MAKES PRIME GUT HEALTH SO IMPACTFUL? ImmunoLin® is the branded ingredient serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) with over 40 human studies demonstrating its clinical efficacy in digestive and immune health.   SBI has been shown to be a broad-spectrum modulator of the immune system by targeting excessive or imbalanced immunity.* In addition, ImmunoLin® works by binding, neutralizing, and removing pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and other gut irritants that can lead to inflammation.* It also helps to repair the gut lining and restore gut homeostasis.*   Tributyrin (as CoreBiome®) is a postbiotic and the most important short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) for supporting digestive, gut, immune and gastrointestinal health. CoreBiome® is a unique butyrate formula intended to pass intact through the stomach and small intestine to deliver butyrate right where it's needed—the colon.  CoreBiome® supports: Delivery of butyrate to the colon where it helps maintain the integrity of your intestinal lining* Helps repair the gut lining and restore gut homeostasis*  Tight junctures in the intestinal lining*  Regularity and regulation of a normal inflammatory response* Sporebiotics:  Soil-based probiotics have been touted for their stability, ability to improve digestion, stimulate the immune system, and help maintain a healthy gut microbiota. Bacillus coagulans SNZ 1969®, Bacillus subtilis SNZ 1972 and Bacillus clausii SNZ 1971 are supported with an over 50 year history of use and over 30 human studies covering gut health, gastrointestinal discomfort, immunity against GI tract pathogens, inhibition of food borne pathogens, inhibition of bacteria causing dental carries and gingivitis along with bacterial vaginosis. AstraGin® is a 100% natural compound derived from the roots of two traditional Chinese herbs: Panax notoginseng and Astragalus membranaceous,  containing astragaloside I, II, IV and ginsenoside Rb1. AstraGin® enhances nutrient absorption by up-regulating nutrient transporters, such as CAT1, SGLT1, and FR. AstraGin® restores gut wall integrity by triggering an anti-inflammatory response and activating the mTOR pathway for rapid intestinal stem cell migration and differentiation in the inflamed intestinal mucosal barrier (epithelial cell and tight junction). AstraGin® promotes gut ecosystem homeostasis by the symbiotic effect of restoring gut wall integrity and increasing microbiota-immunity communication.  AstraGin® activates the immune system through the symbiotic effect of improved gut wall integrity and enhanced microbiota-immunity communication. AstraGin® demonstrated in a recent published human clinical trial, to improve upon a number of measurable factors relating to gut health making it an ideal addition into Prime Gut Health.  PrimeTime  Prime Time is a comprehensive blend of 12 key natural ingredients shown to have a role in supporting age management powered by industry leading 10mg's of spermidine per serving.  Prime Time has been formulated with ingredients to mimic fasting and catalyze your body's natural ability to rid itself of aged cells.  Various publications demonstrate the potential this formula will have in your longevity protocols as Prime Time was formulated to support:   Epigenetic aging*  Boosting autophagy and promote cellular renewal*  Fasting* Memory, cognition, and brain health* Cardiovascular health* Beauty from within* Mitochondria*  WHAT MAKES PRIME TIME SO IMPACTFUL? Spermidine Spermidine, a natural polyamine, plays a critical role in molecular and cellular interactions involved in various physiological and functional processes. Spermidine has been shown to modulate aging, suppress the occurrence and severity of age-related diseases, and prolong lifespan.  The concentration of spermidine declines with age, and exogenous spermidine supplementation reverses age- associated adverse changes and supports health span. Given that it interacts with various molecules, spermidine influences aging through diverse mechanisms.  Autophagy is the body's way of cleaning out damaged cells, to regenerate newer, healthier cells and is the main mechanism of spermidine. In addition, spermidine exerts its effects through other mechanisms, including anti-inflammation, histone acetylation reduction, lipid metabolism and regulation of cell growth and signaling pathways. Nicotinamide mononucleotide  Nicotinamide mononucleotide, a naturally occurring molecule present in all species.  NMN is rapidly absorbed and converted to NAD+, which evidence shows declines as we age.  In numerous studies, supplementation has increased NAD+ biosynthesis, suppressed age-related adipose tissue inflammation, enhanced insulin secretion and insulin action, improved mitochondrial function, and improves neuronal function in the brain among much more. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)  Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the major catechin in green tea.  There is consistency in the literature about the beneficial role of green tea on senescence-related mechanisms, thanks to its scavenging properties against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and its ability to stimulate autophagy  Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is a molecule involved in several metabolic and cellular pathways that declines with age. It works as an energy donor, a precursor in amino acid production, and a cellular signaling molecule, and it is a regulator of epigenetic processes.  Dihydroquercetin (Taxifolin)  Dihydroquercetin is a powerful antioxidant of plant origin that can protect cells from the harmful effects of free radicals and protect cell membranes against damage Apigenin Apigenin is a natural bioactive plant polyphenol with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune system boosting properties.  It also helps to support against oxidative stress for better cellular function. Studies have shown that apigenin prevents excessive loss of NAD+ by reducing the amount of circulating CD38, allowing NAD+ stores to remain at higher, more youthful levels. Luteolin Luteolin is a flavonoid naturally found in plants. Flavonoids like luteolin have been found to have beneficial effects on human health by reducing oxidative stress.   Trimethylglycine (TMG) Trimethylglycine (TMG) is an amino acid derivative that occurs in plants and has been shown to support methylation which, in turn, supports the homocysteine levels. Taking TMG along with NMN provides the ideal balance for NAD+ production in the body.  Resveratrol  Resveratrol is part of a group of compounds called polyphenols, which act as antioxidants to protect the body against age-related conditions.The anti-aging mechanisms of resveratrol are mainly modulating oxidative stress, relieving inflammatory reaction, improving mitochondrial function, and regulating apoptosis. Resveratrol is considered for the prevention and support of aging and age-related diseases as it mimics the effects of calorie restriction.  Pterostilbene Pterostilbene is a phenolic compound in the same family as resveratrol and is present in small amounts in a large variety of foods and beverages like blueberries or red wine. Multiple studies confirm pterostilbene's remarkable anti-aging effects. Cell and animal studies have shown that pterostilbene can extend the lifespan of various animal models of human longevity by regulating three major pathways linked to longevity: mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and sirtuins Bergamot Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) is a type of citrus fruit native to Italy. It has been shown that bergamot juice exerts antioxidant, cardioprotective properties and antisenescence effects.  AstraGin®  AstraGin® is a natural compound derived from the roots of two traditional Chinese herbs: Panax notoginseng and Astragalus membranaceous. AstraGin® increases the absorption of peptides, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and phytonutrients by up-regulating absorption-specific m RNA and transporters such as SGLT1, CAT1, and GLUT4. Check out all the healthgevity products in our shop.    Personalised Health Optimisation Consulting with Lisa Tamati Lisa offers solution focused coaching sessions to help you find the right answers to your challenges. Topics Lisa can help with:  Lisa is a Genetics Practitioner, Health Optimisation Coach, High Performance and Mindset Coach. She is a qualified Ph360 Epigenetics coach and a clinician with The DNA Company and has done years of research into brain rehabilitation, neurodegenerative diseases and biohacking. She has extensive knowledge on such therapies as hyperbaric oxygen,  intravenous vitamin C, sports performance, functional genomics, Thyroid, Hormones, Cancer and much more. She can assist with all functional medicine testing. Testing Options Comprehensive Thyroid testing DUTCH Hormone testing Adrenal Testing Organic Acid Testing Microbiome Testing Cell Blueprint Testing Epigenetics Testing DNA testing Basic Blood Test analysis Heavy Metals  Nutristat Omega 3 to 6 status and more  Lisa and her functional medicine colleagues in the practice can help you navigate the confusing world of health and medicine . She can also advise on the latest research and where to get help if mainstream medicine hasn't got the answers you are searching for whatever the  challenge you are facing from cancer to gut issues, from depression and anxiety, weight loss issues, from head injuries to burn out to hormone optimisation to the latest in longevity science. Book your consultation with Lisa    Join our Patron program and support the show Pushing the Limits' has been free to air for over 8 years. Providing leading edge information to anyone who needs it. But we need help on our mission.  Please join our patron community and get exclusive member benefits (more to roll out later this year) and support this educational platform for the price of a coffee or two You can join by going to  Lisa's Patron Community Or if you just want to support Lisa with a "coffee" go to  https://www.buymeacoffee.com/LisaT to donate $3   Lisa's Anti-Aging and Longevity Supplements  Lisa has spent years curating a very specialized range of exclusive longevity, health optimizing supplements from leading scientists, researchers and companies all around the world.  This is an unprecedented collection. The stuff Lisa wanted for her family but couldn't get in NZ that's what it's in her range. Lisa is constantly researching and interviewing the top scientists and researchers in the world to get you the best cutting edge supplements to optimize your life.   Subscribe to our popular Youtube channel  with over 600 videos, millions of views, a number of full length documentaries, and much more. You don't want to miss out on all the great content on our Lisa's youtube channel. Youtube   Order Lisa's Books Lisa has published 5 books: Running Hot, Running to Extremes, Relentless, What your oncologist isn't telling you and her latest "Thriving on the Edge"  Check them all out at  https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books   Perfect Amino Supplement by Dr David Minkoff Introducing PerfectAmino PerfectAmino is an amino acid supplement that is 99% utilized by the body to make protein. PerfectAmino is 3-6x the protein of other sources with almost no calories. 100% vegan and non-GMO. The coated PerfectAmino tablets are a slightly different shape and have a natural, non-GMO, certified organic vegan coating on them so they will glide down your throat easily. Fully absorbed within 20-30 minutes! No other form of protein comes close to PerfectAminos Listen to the episode with Dr Minkoff here:    Use code "tamati" at checkout to get a 10% discount on any of their devices.   Red Light Therapy: Lisa is a huge fan of Red Light Therapy and runs a Hyperbaric and Red Light Therapy clinic. If you are wanting to get the best products try Flexbeam: A wearable Red Light Device https://recharge.health/product/flexbeam-aff/?ref=A9svb6YLz79r38   Or Try Vielights' advanced Photobiomodulation Devices Vielight brain photobiomodulation devices combine electrical engineering and neuroscience. To find out more about photobiomodulation, current studies underway and already completed and for the devices mentioned in this video go to www.vielight.com and use code “tamati” to get 10% off     Enjoyed This Podcast? If you did, subscribe and share it with your friends! If you enjoyed tuning in, then leave us a review and share this with your family and friends. Have any questions? You can contact my team through email (support@lisatamati.com) or find me on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube. For more episode updates, visit my website. You may also tune in on Apple Podcasts.  To pushing the limits, Lisa and team

In today's episode, we explore the role of Thymosin Alpha 1 Peptide in modulating the immune system, specifically its effects on Th1 and Th2 responses. The episode further delves into the mechanisms by which Borrelia burgdorferi evades immune detection and offers strategies to enhance immune effectiveness against this stealthy pathogen. Additionally, we discuss the broader implications of immune modulation in chronic Lyme disease and mold exposures. Topics: Introduction Recap of the series on Lyme and mold Highlighting the key steps in the biotoxin illness resolution process Importance of working with a medical professional Key Steps in Biotoxin Illness Resolution Lowering inflammation Lipid replacement therapy (phospholipids) Use of antimicrobial and antiparasitic herbs for Lyme and coinfections Employing binders to eliminate toxins and reduce inflammation Checking for MARCoNS and utilizing treatments like silver spray or biofilm busters (e.g., xylitol) Detoxification post-MARCoNS clearance using agents like chlorella and glutathione Assessing and normalizing various health markers (e.g., ADH, osmolality, MMP9, C4a, C3a, TGF-beta, sex hormones) Additional Resources and Episodes Early stages of Lyme infection and Herxheimer reaction: Episode 116 Chronic inflammation and biotoxin management: Episode 117 Role of binders in interrupting enterohepatic circulation and toxin elimination Discussion on Biofilm Importance of addressing biofilm in antimicrobial therapies Potential supplements and strategies (e.g., garlic, oil of oregano, stevia) Overview of Lyme Disease Impact & Immune Function Chronic inflammation due to miscommunication between the innate and adaptive immune systems + dysregulated adaptive responses How borrelia evades the immune responses Immunomodulation in Lyme Disease Background on immune modulation Role of T cells in adaptive immune response Th1 and Th2 cell imbalance in chronic Lyme Strategies to support Th1 cells and decrease Th2 response Focus on Thymosin Alpha 1 Benefits of Thymosin Alpha 1 in modulating immune function Promoting Th1 response and managing Th2 dominance Effects on regulatory T cells (Tregs) and immune tolerance Conclusion Reminder to work with a Lyme literate or biotoxin illness literate medical professional Thanks for tuning in! Get Chloe's Book Today! "⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠" If you liked this episode, please leave a rating and review or share it to your stories over on Instagram. If you tag @synthesisofwellness, Chloe would love to personally thank you for listening! Follow Chloe on Instagram ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠synthesisofwellness.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more! Or visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠linktr.ee/synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to see all of Chloe's links, schedule a BioPhotonic Scanner consult with Chloe, or support the show! Thanks again for tuning in! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support

Allergy season is upon us, and many are relying on medications like Benadryl, NyQuil, and Dramamine, which have been linked to an increased risk of dementia with long-term use. In this informative episode, I share the comprehensive protocol that helped me and numerous patients overcome allergies once and for all. We'll dive deep into the underlying causes of allergies, exploring the intricate interplay between the immune system, environmental factors, and gut health. From reducing toxic burdens and balancing the Th1/Th2 immune response to healing the gut and restoring beneficial bacteria, this episode provides a holistic blueprint for resolving allergies at their root. Get ready to bid farewell to the misery of sneezing, congestion, and itchy eyes as we uncover the path to lasting relief without the side effects of conventional medications. Show Notes: Understanding Allergies: Causes, Symptoms, and Common Allergens Genetic and environmental factors contributing to allergies Type I hypersensitivity reaction and the role of IgE antibodies Common allergens: environmental, food, insect, drug, and contact allergens The Overflowing Cup: Why Allergies Worsen Over Time Toxic burdens: environmental toxins, home toxins, inflammatory foods The impact of stress on the immune system's capacity Conventional Allergy Treatments: Effectiveness and Side Effects Over-the-counter and prescription medications: antihistamines, decongestants, corticosteroids Potential side effects: drowsiness, dry mouth, cognitive impairment, dementia risk The Naturopathic Approach: Treating the Whole Person and Getting to the Root Reducing the toxic burden Balancing the Th1 and Th2 immune response Healing the Gut: A Four-Step Process Recommended Resources and Further Reading: https://ndnr.com/autoimmuneallergy-medicine/allergies-a-route-to-resolution/ === Thank you to our sponsors! AquaTru https://aquatru.com and use code DRG for 20% off all products. Nuzest https://nuzest-usa.com/drg and use code DRG for 20% off all products. === Be sure to like and subscribe to #HealThySelf Hosted by Doctor Christian Gonzalez N.D. Follow Doctor G on Instagram @doctor.gonzalez https://www.instagram.com/doctor.gonzalez/ Visit https://www.elm.health/ to work directly with Dr. G.

Regular movement is an essential part of a healthy lifestyle.Getting regular exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, improve insulin sensitivity, increase bone density, and more. At the same time, if you have any type of thyroid condition, it's important not to overdo it.Today I'm discussing the risks of overtraining and specific considerations for those with thyroid conditions.In this episode, you'll learn about:- The protective effects of exercise- How overtraining negatively impacts the immune system- How exercise affects the Th1/Th2 balance- Why exercise can make us more susceptible to infections- How overtraining can lead to adrenal insufficiency- Figuring out how much exercise is too much- Why I believe overtraining was a factor in my development of Graves' Disease- Special considerations for exercising when you have a thyroid conditionAs always, I hope you find this episode valuable, and I look forward to catching you in the next episode!To learn more, visit the show notes at https://savemythyroid.com/podcast/can-too-much-exercise-trigger-thyroid-autoimmunity/. Do You Want Help Saving Your Thyroid? Access hundreds of free articles at www.NaturalEndocrineSolutions.com Visit Dr. Eric's YouTube channel at www.youtube.com/c/NaturalThyroidDoctor/ To work with Dr. Eric, visit https://savemythyroid.com/work-with-dr-eric/

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.16.520624v1?rss=1 Authors: Gorman-Sandler, E., Robertson, B., Crawford, J., Arishe, O. O., Webb, R. C., Hollis, F. Abstract: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major psychiatric complication of childbirth, affecting up to 20% of mothers, yet remains understudied. Mitochondria, dynamic organelles crucial for cell homeostasis and energy production, share links with many of the proposed mechanisms underlying PPD pathology. Brain mitochondrial function is affected by stress, a major risk factor for development of PPD, and is linked to anxiety-like and social behaviors. Considering the importance of mitochondria in regulating brain function and behavior, we hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with behavioral alterations in a chronic stress-induced rat model of PPD. Using a validated and translationally relevant chronic mild unpredictable stress paradigm during late gestation, we induced PPD-relevant behaviors in adult postpartum Wistar rats. In the mid-postpartum, we measured mitochondrial function in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) using high-resolution respirometry. We then measured protein expression of mitochondrial complex proteins and 4-hydroxynonenal (a marker of oxidative stress), and Th1/Th2 cytokine levels in PFC and plasma. We report novel findings that gestational stress decreased mitochondrial function in the PFC, but not the NAc of postpartum dams. However, in groups controlling for the effects of either stress or parity alone, no differences in mitochondrial respiration measured in either brain regions were observed compared to nulliparous controls. This decrease in PFC mitochondrial function in stressed dams was accompanied by negative behavioral consequences in the postpartum, complex-I specific deficits in protein expression, and increased Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha cytokine levels in plasma and PFC. Overall, we report an association between PFC mitochondrial respiration, PPD-relevant behaviors, and inflammation following gestational stress, highlighting a potential role for mitochondrial function in postpartum health. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Youtube Video: Mold Toxicity and Mycotoxin IllnessYoutube Video: Research Review - Neural Antibodies in Patients with Symptoms and Histories of Mold/Chemical ExposuresYoutube Video: Research Review - Mycotoxins Induce NeurotoxicityI say this all the time, but mold toxicity is crazy. Indoor molds such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Stachybotrys produce mycotoxins, which are also crazy. Mold and mycotoxins can both disrupt the immune system in a myriad of different ways, which is why they are associated with autoimmunity in many ways.In this podcast, I didn't want to just read stats or research, I wanted to talk about the mechanisms by which molds and mycotoxins can affect the immune system, which are varied and complex. The research is out there on mold, but it can be hard to find because mold toxicity goes by several names - Sick Building Syndrome, Dampness and Mold Hypersensitivity Syndrome, Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Mixed Mold Mycotoxicosis, Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis to name a few - and there are many different molds, and many mycotoxins. When you work with patients and you are aware of these mechanisms, mold is an incredibly common problem. It never ceases to amaze me how many people I see whose symptoms or disease timeline correlate with a prolonged exposure to water damage, a damp or moldy environment, or a history of repeated mold exposures!Mold is ubiquitous, so your body tries really hard immunologically to tolerate it, and sometimes it tolerates it for a looong time - until one day it stops tolerating it. Mycotoxins from mold can remain indefinitely in tissues, and many have an affinity for the brain, where they disrupt mitochondrial ATP production. Some molds and mycotoxins suppress the immune system, some activate the immune system, some suppress innate immune function and increase adaptive, some do the opposite. Some people have several mycotoxins present at once, doing several different things, along with other pathogens and toxins accumulating faster due to the effects of mold. You can see how mold exposure and toxicity can quickly become quite complex immunologically! Molds and mycotoxins can cause leaky gut, leaky sinus, leaky lung, leaky brain, they can deplete glutathione, impact the microbiome, increase pathogen burdens like EBV and CMV, disrupt Th1/Th2 balance, and turn on vicious cycles of inflammation (NFkB, iNOS, NO-ONOO, Th17) - - all of which are underlying mechanisms of autoimmunity. When you hear all these various mechanisms, you begin to understand why molds and mycotoxins can contribute to autoimmunity, cancer, chronic infection, and even death, not to mention the most common symptoms of fatigue, anxiety, depression, brain fog, ENT symptoms, pituitary/thryoid/adrenal/reproductive imbalances, headaches, insomnia. There are a lot of mechanisms, and there are a lot of other variables, including genetics, history, exposure, and everything else in your bucket, but MOLD AND MYCOTOXINS are one of the scariest things on the planet!

T cells are a part of your immune system, which has many many important parts of course. T cells are particularly important in autoimmunity because the T CELLS ARE WHAT DO THE DAMAGE!!!In my last episode about Hashimoto's I talked about antibody levels and described how will antibodies "flag" something as bad so that immune cells can come destroy it, but antibodies have no destructive properties. The progression and destruction of autoimmune disease is determined by the level of T cell activity! T cells destroy the gut in autoimmunity. T cells destroy the joints in autoimmunity. T cells destroy the thyroid. T cells destroy the myelin of your nerves. THEY ARE IMPORTANT!!What type(s) are there? What do they do? How do I know if mine are working properly?This episode goes through all of that information! I go through the 4 most important polarizations of T cells: Th1 (fights intracellular infections)Th2 (produces mucus and expels allergens and parasites)Th17 (causes tissue-damaging inflammation)Regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are the peacemakers that dampen inflammationAutoimmunity ALWAYS has an imbalance of too much Th17 activity and not enough Treg activity, but what about Th1/Th2? Eventually MOST autoimmune patients will present with decreased Th1 and increased Th2, and in this episode I go through some of the details of how this happens, how the patient presents and how this needs to be handled clinically to get it under control!

View the products I mention at: www.AutoimmuneEducationAcademy.com There are TONS of supplements out there today, and they all have promising claims, but in my functional medicine practice I see people all the time who have been let down by supplements. Many of them bring bags of products in, and often they weren't a bad idea, it might even be some things that I like to use often, but they are still not feeling well because they haven't figured out the right dosage or combination for THEM. Then, when they begin to understand the mechanisms of their autoimmunity and the goal of their supplements, we can combine targeted protocols with appropriate lifestyle strategies to change systems - and their symptoms improve!In this podcast I go through a couple main categories of supplements that are important for autoimmunity specifically, and I spend the most time on anti-inflammatories and gut-healing supplements, because those impact most autoimmune people. I talk briefly about the mechanisms of inflammation, including NFkB (Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta), iNOS (inducible Nitric Oxide), and "resolution" with Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators. Anti-inflammatory supplements mentioned include:- Turmeric- Resveratrol- Glutathione- Fish Oil (and SPMs)- Huperzine A, Gingko (Nitric Balance)- herbs, flavonoids, etcThe gut supplements I mention include:- Glutamine- Probiotics- Short-Chain Fatty Acids- Vitamins A & D I then touch briefly on some other things. There are tons of "others", but it begins to get so specific that I don't want anyone thinking they should try any of it. Often you have to kill infections, balance T cell polarization, remove toxins, improve digestion, support brain health, improve hormone function, and more, but I mention:- Th1/Th2 imbalance or other immune modulation- Influencing "pathogen clearance" or killing of infections- Influencing digestion - enzymes, stomach acid, bile stimulation, etc- Glandulars like adrenal or thyroid- Adaptogens like ashwaganda, Rhodiola, Holy Basil, etcThere are a ton that I didn't mention, so it's not all-inclusive, these are just some of my favorites. Some that I think I left out include:- Magnesium (duh)- Zinc- Potassium- I also didn't mention much about flavonoids, which I love, including quercetin and luteolinHope it's helpful! Leave a rating and review please and send it to a friend! SUBSCRIBE!

On this weeks episode of The Beats Kelly Kennedy sits down with Dr. Nick Baboulas from Eirini Healing Solutions to discuss Low Dose Immunotherapy. If you are like what is that??? Well, that is the purpose of this weeks podcast. Kelly and Dr. Nick explore in this podcast what low dose immunotherapy is how it works, why it is is important, and so much more! When all said is done, Dr. Nick Baboulas wants all to realize that there is hope, patients can get better, and they will reach their optimal health! Dr. Baboulas first career was as a “Medicinal Chemist' working in the Pharmaceutical Industry, however, personal family circumstances changed his career path and he went to Medical School to become a Naturopathic Doctor. Dr. Baboulas experiences have shaped his way/philosophy on how to view disease/illness and the patient; therefore, he tries to understand the patient's current pathological state from a Bioregulatory/ Integrative Biological Medicine standpoint. He has done extensive training in many disciplines around North America and Europe with world renowned Doctors in their respective fields, and very lucky to be able to call some of them his personal mentors! Dr. Baboulas' style is eclectic, where he utilizes whatever modalities best fit his patient's condition/current state. Clinically, he focuses to support patients with complex chronic illness, such as autoimmune disease, Lyme, CFS, Fibromyalgia, etc. He knows that there is hope, patients can reach their optimal health, and he is there to support them along that healing journey. 0:00 | Introduction 6:30 | Dr. Nick shares his story 12:30 |Dr. Nick's approach at his center Eirini Healing Solutions 16:00 | Dr. Nick dives into low dose immunotherapy 19:10 | Unpacking lDI and LDA 25:10 | Dr. Nick explains what bioenergetics means to him 27:00 | How can we look at resonance? 28: 16 ||The connection between LDI/ LDA and frequency 29:10 | How homeopathy and LDI are similar 31:15 | How are LDI/A's working to reduce inflammation? 35:10 | Dr. Nick's approach to draining 36:18 | The difference between TH1 & TH2 response 38 :50 | The results Dr. Nick has seen with LDI 43:00| How dosing works for LDI 50:45 | Dr. Nick's secret that he would share with the world resources mentioned || The Lymphatic Rescue Summit Hosted by Shivan Sarna HRV Comprehension with Rasmus Connect with Dr. NIck Baboulas www.eirinihealingsolutions.ca  Eirini Healing Solutions Instagram  Erini Healing Solutions YouTube Eirini Healing Solutions Facebook Eirini Healing Solutions Twitter

Did you know that your hormones and immune system have a complex relationship? This relationship can impact how often we get sick, why women are more prone to autoimmune conditions than men, why more and more people have environmental allergies, and why we develop skin rashes. My guest today, Heather Zwickey, earned a Ph.D. in Immunology and Microbiology from the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center. She went on to complete a postdoctoral fellowship and teach medical school at Yale University. At the National University of Natural Medicine in Portland, OR, Dr. Zwickey launched the Helfgott Research Institute and established the School of Graduate Studies, developing programs in research, nutrition, and global health, among others. Dr. Zwickey applies her immunology expertise to natural medicine research, and she currently leads an NIH funded clinical research training program. She teaches at many universities and speaks at conferences worldwide. Join us as we talk about how the immune system and cytokines can be related to skin conditions. Did you know about the relationship between your immune system and your skin? Let me know in the comments! In this episode: Relationship between hormones (like estrogen and cortisol) + your immune system What are Th1 + Th2? If you've got lots of allergies, there's a big reason why! Helminth worm therapy -- umm, what is that (and how is it related to allergies)? How does cortisol impact the immune system (especially if you've got Topical Steroid Withdrawal) Quotes “There's no one hormone that affects the immune system. They all affect the immune system.” [0:43] “A Th1 response is a set of cells and proteins that are designed to respond to bacteria and virus and a Th2 response is a set of cells and proteins designed to respond to worms and parasites.” [8:10]  Links Find Dr. Zwickey online here GRAB –> Jennifer's Allergen Cross-Reactivity eGuide Healthy Skin Show ep. 072: Sex Hormone-Skin Rash Connection w/ Dr. Carrie Jones Follow Dr. Zwickey on Instagram

Joe Cohen, founder of SelfDecode, used genetic testing to biohack his way back to health when he couldn't find answers from traditional medicine. He shares the importance of understanding your genetics to create a personal plan that gives you the greatest results with the least amount of effort. We also dive into Th1 vs Th2 balance, lectin sensitivity, the pros and cons of a plant-based diet, and the risk assessment tool he created for learning your viral risk. *SHOW NOTES:* 1:21 Welcome to the show! 3:47 Joe Cohen’s Bio 5:38 The beginning of Joe’s journey 8:02 Figuring out your own “kryptonite" 10:12 Food Sensitivities 10:39 The problem with “specialists" 11:58 Lectin Sensitivity & Cannabinoids 14:02 Dr Gundry’s work 14:36 The power in knowing your genetics 16:50 Immune-modulating effects of plants 17:23 Th1/Th2 Balance 19:10 Discussing Plant-based & Vegan diets 19:36 Genes involved in Th1/Th2 21:37 Balancing the Th1/Th2 system 23:19 The role of herbal supplements 24:44 What to know about Lectin Sensitivities 27:09 Explaining SelfDecode testing 30:44 What do YOU want to improve? 33:28 User experience: genetics & lab work 37:04 Gene Packs 38:20 Renee’s experience comparing labs to genes 40:25 How he used to experiment with his health 42:43 Our bio-individual “blueprints” 43:10 Simplifying the biohacking & health efforts 47:04 COVID Discussion 48:54 The role of genetics 51:09 Joe's genetic propensity to COVID 53:22 Risk assessment tool 56:38 His one piece of advice for takeaway 1:01:33 SelfDecode vs SelfHacked 1:02:38 Where to find him 1:03:05 Thanks for tuning in! *RESOURCES:* SelfDecode ( https://selfdecode.com/?a_aid=biohackerbabes ) - Use code BIOHACKERBABES for 10% off SelfHacked.com ( https://selfhacked.com ) IG: SelfDecode ( https://www.instagram.com/selfdecode/ ) IG: MrBiohacker ( https://www.instagram.com/mrbiohacker/ ) Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/biohacker-babes-podcast/donations

The second edition of The Carnivore Code (new cover and index!) is available for pre-order now!  www.Thecarnivorecodebook.com release date is August 4th 2020 in ebook, print, and audiobook formats.    Tommy Wood MD, PhD is an elite-level professional nerd who has coached world class athletes in a dozen sports.  He has an undergraduate degree in biochemistry from the University of Cambridge, a medical degree from the University of Oxford, and a PhD in physiology and neuroscience from the University of Oslo. Tommy is a Research Assistant Professor at the University of Washington, a Research Scientist at the Institute for Human and Machine cognition, and is on the scientific advisory board of Hintsa Performance. He is also CSO (Chief Snake Officer) at the Costa Rican Center for Bro Research. Tommy lives in Seattle with his wife Elizabeth and their two goofy boxers. In his spare time he can usually be found cooking, reading, or lifting something heavy.   Time Stamps:   10:15 Tommy on Coronavirus. 13:00 Why it's okay to be wrong as a scientist. 15:00 Where are we now with Coronavirus? (12:24) (14:20-14:59)   22:17 Boris Johnson Moves To Ban Junk Food Discount Deals To Fight Obesity https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/boris-johnson-junk-food-ban-buy-one-get-one-free-obesity-coronavirus-a9611766.html   24:45. Tommy’s article on metabolic health and pandemics.Metabolic health and lifestyle medicine should be a cornerstone of future pandemic preparedness Metabolic health and lifestyle medicine should be a cornerstone of future pandemic preparedness https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/lim2.2   27:45  COVID-19 severity is predicted by earlier evidence of accelerated aging https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.10.20147777v1   37:10 Is there an ideologically ‘’perfect’’ diet.   40:25 How does metabolic health affect our immune system? (38:44)   FIGURE 41:47  An elastic-net logistic regression approach to generate classifiers and gene signatures for types of immune cells and T helper cell subsets https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-019-2994-z   42:55 The NLRP3 inflammasome: Role in metabolic disorders and regulation by metabolic pathways https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29339210/ 45:15   Analysis and modulation of the TH1/TH2 cytokine balance https://www.imd-berlin.de/en/subject-information/diagnostics-information/th1th2-cytokine-balance.html   46:57  Relationship between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and insulin resistance in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4357061/   56:10. Are ethnic populations at greater risk?     59:10  Impact of obesity and metabolic syndrome on immunity https://academic.oup.com/advances/article/7/1/66/4524061   60:15. Insulin Resistance.    1:14:50 What causes pathologic insulin resistance?   1:19:07 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (1:19:30)    1:19:29  Increase of Adipose tissue little lake acid in US adults in the last half centuryhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4642429/   1:32:29   Tissue levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids during early human development https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1532827/   1:31:52  Differential metabolic effects of saturated versus polyunsaturated fats in ketogenic dietshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15070924/   1:35:52   Dietary a little lake acid elevates endogenous 2-AG anandamide and induces obesity https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3458187/   1:37:10 Saturated fatty acids (studies) (1:50:20)   1:37:33  Effects of step-wise increase in dietary carbohydrate on circulating saturated fatty acids and palmitoleic acid in adults with metabolic syndrome https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25415333/   1:46:14. Dietary stearic acid leads to a reduction of visceral adipose tissue in athymic nude mice https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25222131/   1:47:53 Elevated serum C-reactive protein and free fatty acids among non-diabetic carriers of missense mutations in the gene encoding lamin A/C (LMNA) with partial lipodystrophy.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12524233/ 1:52:31  Muscle and nerve pathology in Dunnigan family partial lipodystrophy https://n.neurology.org/content/68/9/677.figures-only   1:54:06  Effects on coronary heart disease of increasing polyunsaturated fat in place of saturated fat: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20351774/ 1:49:45  Effects of 4-hydroxnonenal on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell redox signaling and function in health and disease.  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213231713000396   2:00:04  Incorporation of 13-hydrooxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) into epidermal ceramides and phospholipids: phospholipids C-catalyzed release of novel 13 HODE-containing diacylglycerol https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8169529/   2:04:45.  Fructose.   2:06:21  Fructose in perspective https://www.researchgate.net/publication/244479961_Fructose_in_perspective   2:11:33  Metabolic effects of fructose and worldwide increase in obesity https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physrev.00019.2009   2:13:06  The effects of fructose intake on serum uric acid vary among controlled dietary trials https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3327749/#:~:text=Hypercaloric%20supplementation%20of%20control%20diets,with%20no%20evidence%20of%20heterogeneity.   2:14:32  Effect of fructose on body weight in controlled feeding trials https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/full/10.7326/0003-4819-156-4-201202210-00007   2:15:16  Effect of fructose on blood pressure. A systematic review and met analysis of controlled feeding trials. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.182311   2:06:44  Challenging the fructose hypothesis: new perspectives on fructose consumption and metabolism https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3649105/   2:20:35  Substituting honey for refined carbohydrates protects rats from hypertriglyceridemic and pro oxidative effects of fructose.   https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/132/11/3379/4687329   2:26:40 Tomy’s experience on a nose to tail carnivore diet.   2:32:10 Where to find Tommy online/the most radical thing he has done recently. Heart & Soil: www.heartandsoilsupplements.com    Nutrisense (Continuous Glucose Monitor- CGM): www.Nutrisense.io, use the code CarnivoreMD for 20$ off.    BluBlox: www.blublox.com use the code CarnivoreMD for 15% off your order   White Oak Pastures: Use the code CARNIVOREMD at www.whiteoakpastures.com for 10% off your first order!   Belcampo: Use the Code CarnivoreMD for 20% off!    JOOVV: www.joovv.com/paul To subscribe to my newsletter visit: carnivoremd.com   My contact information:   Book: www.thecarnivorecodebook.com   PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/paulsaladinomd   SOCIAL MEDIA  Instagram: @carnivoremd Website: carnivoremd.com Twitter:@carnivoremd  Facebook: Paul Saladino MD email: drpaul@carnivoremd.com  

In this video with Dr. Victor Carsrud MD (MSR), Phd, DC we go DEEP into the science about the immune response and some differences in TH1/TH2. We also dive deep into ZINC, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and more with actionable steps you can take to support your immune system. This is a episode you don't want to miss. Dr. Victor drops several nuggets or "pearls" in this episode and this is probably something to watch multiple times if you are into this science like I am. Please leave any questions for me in the comments and I will be sure to relay them to Dr. Victor the next time we have an interview. You can find more information from Dr. Victor and his team at lakelinewellnesscenter.com Please subscribe to to follow me for more injury prevention, health, and functional medicine posts on youtube and instagram @FredricksonHealthSolutions Disclaimer: Also consult with a physician before starting a new rehab exercise, training routine, diet, or dietary supplement.

Immune System Stress TH1 avs TH2 Immune Response | Podcast #235 Podcast Transcription: https://justinhealth.com/https-justinhealth-com-immune-system-stress-th1-avs-th2-immune-response-podcast-235/ Keto Edge Summit Access Link: http://healthaffiliate.center/22861-66.html Thyroid Reset Summit: http://www.thyroidresetsummit.com Get Show Updates Here: http://www.beyondwellnessradio.com/newsletter You-tube Podcast Subscribe: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=justinhealth Schedule a FREE Consult: http://www.justinhealth.com/free-consultation Mold Problem? Visit: https://immunolytics.com/affiliate_jm.aspx Hey everyone! Dr. Justin and Evan Brand are on this new podcast to talk about the immune system and TH1 TH2 immune response. There are two types of the immune response, TH1, and TH2. Th1 cells tend to generate responses against intracellular parasites such as bacteria and viruses, Th2 cells produce immune responses against helminths and other extracellular parasites. To know more about the immune system, watch this video! Don't forget to click like and subscribe! 2:07 TH1 & TH2 in Autoimmunity 5:16 Bacterial Infections, Food Allergies, and other causes 7:40 Immune Imbalances 13:09 Different Types of T helpers 20:40 Solutions to the Immune Imbalances ===================================== Subscribe on I-Tunes: http://www.beyondwellnessradio.com/itunes Review us at: http://www.beyondwellnessradio.com/itunes Visit us at: http://www.beyondwellnessradio.com Have a question: http://www.beyondwellnessradio.com/question

In 1495, a mysterious and deadly plague struck the city of Naples. Over the next 500 years, the medical attempts to understand and treat this new disease -- syphilis -- would mold and shape medicine in surprising ways. In this episode, Tony Breu and I will perform an historical and physiological biography of syphilis, covering the development of germ theory, epic poetry, mercury saunas, intentionally infecting patients with malaria, magic bullets, and lots and lots of experiments on poor rabbits. This presentation was performed live at the American College of Physicians’ national meeting in Philadelphia on April 11, 2019.   Sources (WARNING -- LONG LIST):   Swain, K. ‘Extraordinarily arduous and fraught with danger’: syphilis, Salvarsan, and general paresis of the insane. Lancet Psychiatry 5, (2018).   Kępa, M. et al. Analysis of mercury levels in historical bone material from syphilitic subjects – pilot studies (short report). Kępa Małgorzata 69, 367-377(11) (2012).   Forrai, J. Syphilis - Recognition, Description and Diagnosis. (2011). doi:10.5772/24205   Parascandola, J. From mercury to miracle drugs: syphilis therapy over the centuries. Pharm Hist 51, 14–23 (2009).   Eisler, C. Who Is Dürer’s ‘Syphilitic Man’? Perspect Biol Med 52, 48–60 (2009).   Rothschild, B. M. History of Syphilis. Clin Infect Dis 40, 1454–1463 (2005).   Schwartz, R. S. Paul Ehrlich’s Magic Bullets. New Engl J Medicine 350, 1079–1080 (2004).   Fee, E. The wages of sin. Lancet 354, SIV61 (1999).   O’Shea, J. ‘Two Minutes with Venus, Two Years with Mercury’-Mercury as an Antisyphilitic Chemotherapeutic Agent. J Roy Soc Med 83, 392–395 (1989).   Mahoney, J., Arnold, R., Sterner, B. L., Harris, A. & Zwally, M. Penicillin Treatment of Early Syphilis: II. Jama 251, 2005–2010 (1984).   Waugh, M. Role played by Italy in the history of syphilis. Sex Transm Infect 58, 92–95 (1982).   Thorburn, A. Fritz Richard Schaudinn, 1871-1906: protozoologist of syphilis. Sex Transm Infect 47, 459–461 (1971).   CROSBY, A. W. The Early History of Syphilis: A Reappraisal. Am Anthropol 71, 218–227 (1969).   Clark, E. G. & Danbolt, N. The Oslo study of the natural history of untreated syphilis An epidemiologic investigation based on a restudy of the Boeck-Bruusgaard material a review and appraisal. J Chron Dis 2, 311–344 (1955).   MUNGER, R. S. Guaiacum, the Holy Wood from the New World. J Hist Med All Sci IV, 196–229 (1949).   Thomas, E. & r, W. Rapid Treatment of Early Syphilis with Multiple Injections of Mapharsen. J Nerv Ment Dis 99, 88 (1944).   WIEDER, L., FOERSTER, O. & FOERSTER, H. MAPHARSEN IN THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS: FURTHER EXPERIENCES. Arch Dermatol Syph 35, 402–413 (1937).   THON, L. SHOULD THE INTERNIST KNOW SYPHILIS? J Amer Med Assoc 97, 994–996 (1931).   Sarton, G. The Earliest Printed Literature on Syphilis, being Ten Tractates from the Years 1495-1498. Karl Sudhoff , Charles Singer , Henry E. Sigerist. Isis 8, 351–354 (1926).   COLE, H., GERICKE, A. & SOLLMANN, T. THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS BY MERCURY INHALATIONS: HISTORY, METHOD AND RESULTS. Arch Dermatol Syph 5, 18–33 (1922).   Mason, U. Observation: Use and Abuse of Salvarsan. J Natl Med Assoc 3, 340–3 (1911).   Fleming, A. & Colebrook, L. ON THE USE OF SALVARSAN IN THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS. Lancet 177, 1631–1634 (1911).   Evans, A. The Treatment of Syphilis by Salvarsan (Dioxy-diamido-arseno-benzol). Brit Med J 1, 617 (1911).   Boeck, W. History, Theory and Practice of Syphilisation. New Engl J Medicine 73, 20–25 (1865).   Veale, H. Remarks on Syphilis and Its Treatment. Edinb Medical J 10, 10–26 (1864).   LaFond RE and Lukehart SA, Biological Basis for Syphilis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2006.   Secher L et al, Treponema pallidum in peripheral nerve tissue of syphilitic chancres. Acta dermato-venereologica 1982.  Hollander DH, Turner TB, The role of temperature in experimental treponemal infection. American journal of syphilis, gonorrhea, and venereal diseases, 1954   Eagle H, et al. The effect of hyperpyrexia on the therapeutic efficacy of penicillin in experimental syphilis. American journal of syphilis, gonorrhea, and venereal diseases, 1947.   Kampmeier RH, Syphilis therapy: an historical perspective. Journal of the American Venereal Disease Association 1976.   Pachner AR, Spirochetal Diseases of the CNS. Neurologic clinics, 1986.   Sell S et al, Experimental syphilitic orchitis in rabbits: ultrastructural appearance of Treponema pallidum during phagocytosis and dissolution by macrophages in vivo. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology, 1982.   Taylor SH, Diuretics in cardiovascular therapy. Perusing the past, practising in the present, preparing for the future. Zeitschrift für Kardiologie, 1985.   Ovchinnikov NM, [Treponema pallidum in peripheral nerves of rabbit syphiloma]. Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii, 1975.   Cheek DB, Wu F, The Effect of Calomel on Plasma Epinephrine in the Rat and the Relationship to Mechanisms in Pink Disease, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1959   Vogl A, The discovery of the organic mercurial diuretics, American Heart Journal, 1950   Schwemlein GX et al, Penicillin and fever therapy in early syphilis, Journal of the American Medical Association, 1948.   Stringham JS, On the Diuretic Effects of Mercury in a Case of Syphilis. The Medical and physical journal, 1807   Evanson RL et al, Effect of mercurial diuretics on tubular sodium and potassium transport in the dog. The American journal of physiology, 1972   Sell S and Salman J, Demonstration of Treponema pallidum in Axons of Cutaneous Nerves in Experimental Chancres of Rabbits, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 1992   Penn CW, Avoidance of Host Defences by Treponema pallidum in Situ and on Extraction from Infected Rabbit Testes, Microbiology 1981.   Beutler B and Munford RS, Tumor Necrosis Factor and the Jarisch–Herxheimer Reaction, The New England Journal of Medicine 1996.   Radolf JD et al, Treponema pallidum: doing a remarkable job with what it's got. Trends in Microbiology, 1999   Tight RR, Perkins RL, Treponema pallidum infection in subcutaneous polyethylene chambers in rabbits. Infection and immunity, 1976   Salazar JC et al, Treponema pallidum Elicits Innate and Adaptive Cellular Immune Responses in Skin and Blood during Secondary Syphilis: A Flow-Cytometric Analysis. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2007   Azevedo BF et al, Toxic Effects of Mercury on the Cardiovascular and Central Nervous Systems. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012,   Clarkson TW and Magos L, The Toxicology of Mercury and Its Chemical Compounds, Critical Reviews in Toxicology 2008.   Fitzgerald TJ, The Th1/Th2-like switch in syphilitic infection: is it detrimental? Infection and immunity, 1992   Batterman RC et al, THE SUBCUTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION OF MERCAPTOMERIN (THIOMERIN®): Effective Mercurial Diuretic for the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1949   Batterman RC, The status of mercurial diuretics for the treatment of congestive heart failure. American Heart Journal, 1951   Bleich HL et al, The Role of Regional Body Temperature in the Pathogenesis of Disease, The New England Journal of Medicine, 1981   Vander Veer JB et al, The Prolonged Use of an Oral Mercurial Diuretic in Ambulatory Patients with Congestive Heart Failure. Circulation 1950   Cox DL et al, The outer membrane, not a coat of host proteins, limits antigenicity of virulent Treponema pallidum. Infection and immunity, 1992.   Fildes P, The Mechanism of the Anti-bacterial Action of Mercury. Br J Exp Pathol, 1940   Clarkson TW, THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF MERCURIAL DIURETICS IN RATS; THE METABOLISM OF 203Hg‐LABELLED CHLORMERODRIN. British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy, 1965   Engelkens HJ et al, The localisation of treponemes and characterisation of the inflammatory infiltrate in skin biopsies from patients with primary or secondary syphilis, or early infectious yaws. Genitourinary Medicine, 1993   Belum GR et al, The Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction: Revisited. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 2013   Arando M et al, The Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction in syphilis: could molecular typing help to understand it better? Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 2018.   Butler T, The Jarisch–Herxheimer Reaction After Antibiotic Treatment of Spirochetal Infections: A Review of Recent Cases and Our Understanding of Pathogenesis. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2016   Carlson JA et al, The Immunopathobiology of Syphilis: The Manifestations and Course of Syphilis Are Determined by the Level of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity. The American Journal of Dermatopathology 2011.   Aronson IK and Soltani K, The enigma of the pathogenesis of the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. The British Journal of Venereal Diseases, 1976   Sellato TJ et al, The Cutaneous Response in Humans to Treponema pallidum Lipoprotein Analogues Involves Cellular Elements of Both Innate and Adaptive Immunity, The Journal of Immunology 2001   Spiller HA, Rethinking mercury: the role of selenium in the pathophysiology of mercury toxicity. Clinical Toxicology 2017   Sell S et al, Reinfection of chancre-immune rabbits with Treponema pallidum. I. Light and immunofluorescence studies. The American journal of pathology 1985.    Grant SS and Hung DT, Persistent bacterial infections, antibiotic tolerance, and the oxidative stress response, Virulence 2013   Lant AF, Modern diuretics and the kidney. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 1981   Kamath SU et al, Mercury-based traditional herbo-metallic preparations: a toxicological perspective, Archives of Toxicology 2012.   Yeter et al, Mercury Promotes Catecholamines Which Potentiate Mercurial Autoimmunity and Vasodilation: Implications for Inositol 1,4,5-Triphosphate 3-Kinase C Susceptibility in Kawasaki Syndrome. Korean Circulation Journal 2013   Wöβmann W et al, Mercury intoxication presenting with hypertension and tachycardia. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1999   Giacani L et al, Identification of the Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum TP0092 (RpoE) Regulon and Its Implications for Pathogen Persistence in the Host and Syphilis Pathogenesis. Journal of Bacteriology 2013.   Edwards AM, From tooth to hoof: treponemes in tissue‐destructive diseases. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2003   Wolgemuth CW, Flagellar motility of the pathogenic spirochetes. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology 2015.   Solomon HC and Kopp I, Fever Therapy. The New England Journal of Medicine 1937.   Rice KM et al, Environmental Mercury and Its Toxic Effects. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health 2014.   Drusin LM, Electron microscopy of Treponema pallidum occurring in a human primary lesion. Journal of bacteriology 1969.   McNeely MC et al, Cutaneous secondary syphilis: Preliminary immunohistopathologic support for a role for immune complexes in lesion pathogenesis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 1986.   Borenstein LA et al, Contribution of rabbit leukocyte defensins to the host response in experimental syphilis. Infection and immunity 1991.   Cabot RC et al, Case 51-1976 — Bicentennial CPC — Syphilis, Diarrhea and Death in the 1820's. The New England Journal of Medicine 1976.   Hobman JL and Crossman LC, Bacterial antimicrobial metal ion resistance. Journal of Medical Microbiology 2015   Gelpi A and Tucker JD, After Venus, mercury: syphilis treatment in the UK before Salvarsan. Sexually Transmitted Infections 2015.   MacHaffie et al, A study of the effectiveness of mercurial diuretics in treatment of cardiac decompensation. The American Journal of Cardiology 1958   Aberer W et al, Ammoniated mercury ointment: outdated but still in use. Contact Dermatitis 1990   Farhi D, Dupin N, Origins of syphilis and management in the immunocompetent patient: Facts and controversies. Clinics in Dermatology (2010) 28, 533–538   Frith J, “Syphilis – Its early history and Treatment until Penicillin and the Debate on its Origins,” Journal of Military and Veterans’ Health, 20(4), retrieved online at: http://jmvh.org/article/syphilis-its-early-history-and-treatment-until-penicillin-and-the-debate-on-its-origins/   Howes OD et al, “Julius Wagner-Jauregg, 1857-1940,” American Journal of Psychiatry, April 2009 Volume 166 Number 4, Volume 166, Issue 4, April, 2009, pp. 409-409.   Karamanou M et al, “Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1857-1940): Introducing fever therapy in the treatment of neurosyphilis.” Psychiatriki. 2013 Jul-Sep;24(3):208-12.   Simpson WM, “Artificial fever therapy of syphilis,” JAMA. 1935;105(26):2132-2140.   Tsay CJ, “Julius Wagner-Jauregg and the Legacy of Malarial Therapy for the Treatment of General Paresis of the Insane,” Yale J Biol Med. 2013;86(2): 245–254   Wagner-Jauregg J, “The history of malaria treatment of general paralysis.” Am J Psychiatry. 1946;02: 577-582   Shafer JK et al, Untreated syphilis in the male Negro: A prospective study of the effect on life expectancy. Public Health Rep. 1954 Jul; 69(7): 684–690.   Abara WE et al, Syphilis Trends among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States and Western Europe: A Systematic Review of Trend Studies Published between 2004 and 2015. PLoS One. 2016; 11(7): e0159309.   Nutton V, The Reception of Fracastoro's Theory of Contagion: The Seed That Fell among Thorns? Osiris, Vol. 6, Renaissance Medical Learning: Evolution of a Tradition (1990)   Tsaraklis A, Preventing syphilis in the 16th century: the distinguished Italian anatomist Gabriele Falloppio (1523-1562)  and the invention of the condom. Le Infezioni in Medicina, n. 4, 395-398, 2017.

Why You Should Listen:  In this episode, you will learn about the use of peptide therapy in Lyme disease and related complex, chronic illnesses. About My Guest: My guest for this episode is Dr. Kent Holtorf. Kent Holtorf, MD is the medical director of the Holtorf Medical Group. He is founder and director of the non-profit National Academy of Hypothyroidism (NAH), which is dedicated to dissemination of new information to doctors and patients on the diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism.  He has personally trained numerous physicians across the country in the use of bioidentical hormones, hypothyroidism, complex endocrine dysfunction, and innovative treatments of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Fibromyalgia, and chronic infectious diseases, including Lyme disease.  He is a fellowship lecturer for the American Board of Anti-aging Medicine, the Endocrinology Expert for AOL Health, and is a guest editor and peer-reviewer for a number of medical journals.  Dr. Holtorf has published a number of peer-reviewed endocrine reviews, including on the safety and efficacy of bioidentical hormones, inaccuracies of standard thyroid testing, testosterone replacement for men and women, the diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone deficiency, and on the diagnosis and treatment of adrenal dysfunction in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia.  He has helped to demonstrate that much of the long-held dogma in endocrinology is inaccurate. He is a contributing author to Denis Wilson’s Evidenced-Based Approach to Restoring Thyroid Health.  He has been a featured guest on CNBC, ABC News, CNN, EXTRA TV, Discovery Health, The Learning Channel, The Today Show, Dr. Dean Edell, Glenn Beck, Nancy Grace, Sean Hannity, and more and quoted in numerous print media including the Wall Street Journal, Los Angeles Times, US New and World Report, San Francisco Chronicle, WebMD, Elle, Better Homes and Garden, US Weekly, Forbes, Cosmopolitan, and Self magazine among many others. Key Takeaways: - What are peptides? - How are peptides created? - What conditions might peptides be helpful for? - What are the key contributors to aging? - How are thymosins used to modulate the immune system? - How is Th1/Th2 dominance measured? - What is the role of LL37 in treating chronic infections? - What is the connection between hypercoagulation and mast cell activation? - How might BPC-157 be helpful in chronic illness? - What is the role of Epithalon in anti-aging and regenerative strategies? - How might peptides be helpful in conditions such as autism, Parkinson's, and ALS? - How well-tolerated are peptides by sensitive patient populations? Connect With My Guest: http://holtorfmed.com Interview Date: January 22, 2019 Additional Information: To learn more, visit http://BetterHealthGuy.com. Disclaimer:  The content of this show is for informational purposes only and is not intended to diagnose, treat, or cure any illness or medical condition. Nothing in today's discussion is meant to serve as medical advice or as information to facilitate self-treatment. As always, please discuss any potential health-related decisions with your own personal medical authority. 

Why You Should Listen: In this episode, you will learn about several approaches to overcoming Lyme disease. About My Guest: My guest for this episode is Dr. Darin Ingels, ND. Dr. Ingels is a respected leader in natural medicine with numerous publications, international lectures and more than 25 years experience in the healthcare field. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in medical technology from Purdue University and his Doctorate of Naturopathic Medicine from Bastyr University in Seattle, Washington. Dr. Ingels completed a residency program at the Bastyr Center for Natural Health. Prior to attending medical school, Dr. Ingels worked as a clinical microbiologist/immunologist at Lutheran General Hospital in Park Ridge, IL. Dr. Ingels is a licensed naturopathic physician in the State of Connecticut and a licensed Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine in the State of California, where he maintains practices in both states. He is Board certified in Integrated Pediatrics by the American Association of Integrative Medicine. Dr. Ingels is a member of the American Association of Naturopathic Physicians, the American Association of Integrative Medicine, the International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society (ILADS), the American Academy of Environmental Medicine and many State associations. Dr. Ingels is currently a Board member of the American Association of Naturopathic Physicians. He has written a chapter on allergy desensitization for autistic children in “Cutting Edge Therapies for Autism” (Skyhorse, 2014). He is the author of the upcoming book on Lyme disease, "The Lyme Solution: A 5-Part Plan to Fight the Inflammatory Auto-Immune Response and Beat Lyme Disease" (Avery, March 2018), which will cover an integrative, natural approach to the treatment and management of Lyme disease. Dr. Ingels’ practice focuses on environmental medicine with special emphasis on chronic immune dysfunction, including Lyme disease, autism, allergies, asthma, PANDAS, recurrent or persistent infections and other genetic or acquired immune problems. His practice is comprised of both children and adults. He uses diet, nutrients, herbs, homeopathy and immunotherapy to help his patients achieve better health. Key Takeaways: - What labs are useful in exploring Lyme disease? - What Lyme-related microbe is the most difficult to treat? - What protocols are used to treat Lyme? - How important is detoxification? - What is the role of sublinqual immunotherapy and why is it important in dealing with chronic infections? - What LDI resolved Dr. Ingels' own brain fog? - How can the Th1/Th2 balance within the immune system be modulated? - What tools are helpful for pain and inflammation? - How often does LDN lead to benefits? - How big of a factor is mold in recovering from Lyme disease? - Are patients impacted by EMFs? - What is the most important lifestyle consideration to maximize recovery? - Which diet may be the most useful in Lyme disease? - What is the role of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES) in Lyme recovery? Connect With My Guest: http://dariningelsnd.com Related Resources: The Lyme Solution: A 5-Part Plan to Fight the Inflammatory Auto-Immune Response and Beat Lyme Disease - http://betterhealthguy.link/LymeSolutionBook Interview Date: September 11, 2017 Disclaimer: The content of this show is for informational purposes only and is not intended to diagnose, treat, or cure any illness or medical condition. Nothing in today's discussion is meant to serve as medical advice or as information to facilitate self-treatment. As always, please discuss any potential health-related decisions with your own personal medical authority.

Podcast 112: Th1/Th2 Balance BTBHA welcomes back Patrick Plum to discuss Th1/Th2 Balance.  Patrick shares with us his personal story about Th1 and Th2 dominance in order to show the importance of balancing the immune system when dealing with chronic diseases of the immune system such as Lyme Disease. This is an aspect of health and infectious diseases that practitioners don't always explore.  Therefore, it is important for everyone to understand the way the both parts of the immune system (the cell-mediated Th1 and the humoral-mediated Th2) work.  Supplements that don't affect either Th1 or Th2 include Vitamin D, colostrum and fish oil.  Here is how the two systems of Th1 and Th2 breakdown: Thank you Patrick Plum for coming on the show again. If you would like to stay connected to Patrick.  Find him on facebook under his name or Instagram under Patrick Plum Lyme Warrior    

Background: The fetal immune system is characterized by a Th2 bias but it is unclear how the Th2 predominance is established. Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a rare subset of T cells with immune regulatory functions and are already activated in utero. To test the hypothesis that NKT cells are part of the regulatory network that sets the fetal Th2 predominance, percentages of Vα24(+)Vβ11(+) NKT cells expressing Th1/Th2-related chemokine receptors (CKR) were assessed in cord blood. Furthermore, IL-4 and IFN-γ secreting NKT cells were quantified within the single CKR(+) subsets. Results: Cord blood NKT cells expressed the Th2-related CCR4 and CCR8 at significantly higher frequencies compared to peripheral blood NKT cells from adults, while CXCR3+ and CCR5+ cord blood NKT cells (Th1-related) were present at lower percentages. Within CD4negCD8neg (DN) NKT cells, the frequency of IL-4 producing NKT cells was significantly higher in cord blood, while frequencies of IFN-γ secreting DN NKT cells tended to be lower. A further subanalysis showed that the higher percentage of IL-4 secreting DN NKT cells was restricted to CCR3+, CCR4+, CCR5+, CCR6+, CCR7+, CCR8+ and CXCR4+ DN subsets in cord blood. This resulted in significantly decreased IFN-γ /IL-4 ratios of CCR3+, CCR6+ and CCR8+ cord blood DN NKT cells. Sequencing of VA24AJ18 T cell receptor (TCR) transcripts in sorted cord blood Vα24Vβ11 cells confirmed the invariant TCR alpha-chain ruling out the possibility that these cells represent an unusual subset of conventional T cells. Conclusions: Despite the heterogeneity of cord blood NKT cells, we observed a clear Th2-bias at the phenotypic and functional level which was mainly found in the DN subset. Therefore, we speculate that NKT cells are important for the initiation and control of the fetal Th2 environment which is needed to maintain tolerance towards self-antigens as well as non-inherited maternal antigens.

The objective of this work was to systematically review and discuss recent studies and articles dealing with the subject of the immunology of female genital tract mucosal tissue. The emphasis hereby lies on the evaluation of studies concerning the basics of female reproductive immunology, research on immunology of the most important genital infections and vaccination strategies, immunologic principles at the fetomaternal interface during normal pregnancy and its complications as well as on immunologic data on infertility and immunocontraception. It is now established that the mucosal immune system is a distinct and separate component of the host`s immune apparatus and differs from the lymphoid tissues in peripheral sites. Furthermore, despite some common features, the female genital tract mucosal system displays some distinct characteristics which outlines its special role. Analysis of the female genital tract indicates that the key cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems are present and functionally responsive to antigens; however, there is a certain degree of compartmentalization within the tract. The identification of TLRs in the fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina and the presence of ECs, macrophages, DCs, NK cells, and neutrophils throughout the reproductive tract along with their responsiveness to selected PAMPs indicate that the female reproductive tract has evolved to meet the challenges of STDs, while at the same time supporting an immunologically distinct fetal placental unit. To meet these diverse challenges, innate and adaptive immune system in the female genital tract are precisely regulated not only by a network of cytokines and chemokines, but also by the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone. Understanding the specialty of the genital tract immune system is of critical importance, because STDs are and will be a major worldwide health problem. Despite extensive efforts, only limited success has been achieved in dealing with a growing list of STDs. The role of immune factors in the control of genital viral and bacterial infections appears complex and needs further studying, also with respect to creating vaccines. Despite the recognition that innate immunity as the first line of defense and adaptive immunity, especially Th1 immune responses, play a critical role in preventing infection and in limiting viral replication, factors such as antimicrobials and TLRs that contribute to the mucosal response in the female genital tract have only recently begun to receive attention. Further studies are also needed to elucidate the relationship between mucosal immunity, the hormonal environment, and response to pathogen challenge. More data must be collected on the mechanisms of immune evasion by several pathogens such as HSV, N. gonorrheae or Chlamydia. While considerable information can be obtained from animal experiments, important differences in the physiology of reproduction and the immune sytem result in the need for studies in humans. Further knowledge on female tract immunology will also impact on immunological approaches to contraception, immunological infertility and the immunological aspects of pregnancy. This does not only involve new options for diagnostics but also for treatment of pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, preterm birth and early pregnancy loss as well as for infertility. Pregnancy involves maternal tolerance of the semiallogenic histoincompatible fetus and is characterized by the enhancement of the innate immune system and suppression of the adaptive immune response, probably with progesterone as the important regulator. In opposite to normal pregnancy, improper immune responses and an unbalanced cytokine network may characterize implantation failures, pregnancy loss and obstetric complications. These are the presence of elevated Th1/Th2 cell ratios, high concentrations of Th1 cytokines, elevated NK cell cytotoxicity and levels, and emergence of various autoantibodies. These immunological approaches needs to be investigated and evaluated further with respect to widening of treatment options by modification of immune responses.

Wissenschaftlicher Vortrag am 28.03.2007 im Rahmen der Veranstaltung: Die Renaissance der Syphilis

Background: The complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and fibromyalgia (FM) are chronic pain syndromes occurring in highly stressed individuals. Despite the known connection between the nervous system and immune cells, information on distribution of lymphocyte subsets under stress and pain conditions is limited. Methods: We performed a comparative study in 15 patients with CRPS type I, 22 patients with FM and 37 age- and sex-matched healthy controls and investigated the influence of pain and stress on lymphocyte number, subpopulations and the Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio in T lymphocytes. Results: Lymphocyte numbers did not differ between groups. Quantitative analyses of lymphocyte subpopulations showed a significant reduction of cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocytes in both CRPS (p < 0.01) and FM (p < 0.05) patients as compared with healthy controls. Additionally, CRPS patients were characterized by a lower percentage of IL-2-producing T cell subpopulations reflecting a diminished Th1 response in contrast to no changes in the Th2 cytokine profile. Conclusions: Future studies are warranted to answer whether such immunological changes play a pathogenetic role in CRPS and FM or merely reflect the consequences of a pain-induced neurohumoral stress response, and whether they contribute to immunosuppression in stressed chronic pain patients. Copyright (c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Die Schizophrenie ist eine komplexe Erkrankung, bei der neben einer genetischen Komponente äußere Einflussfaktoren eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Epidemiologische Studien weisen auf eine mögliche Rolle von Virusinfektionen als Umwelt-Faktor in der Ätiologie der Schizophrenie hin. Eine Verschiebung der spezifischen Immunantwort in Richtung T-helfer-2-Antwort (ein sogenannter Th2-shift) wurde bei verschiedenen Virusinfektionen beobachtet. Einige immunologische Untersuchungen weisen auch zumindest bei einer Subgruppe der Schizophrenie auf einen Th2-shift hin. (1) Ziele: Diese Studie dient (a) der Untersuchung der Th1/Th2-Balance der spezifischen Immunantwort unter Berücksichtigung der Effekte verschiedener endokrinologischer Parameter und (b) der Identifizierung der möglichen Ursachen des gestörten Th1/Th2-Gleichgewichts; die hier untersuchten Einflussgrößen beziehen sich auf unterschiedliche Hormone. (2) Fragestellungen: (a) Lässt sich eine Th2-Verschiebung bei einer Subgruppe der Schizophrenie beobachten, nachdem die Einflüsse diverser endokrinologischer Parameter mitberücksichtigt worden sind? (b) Wenn ja, ist diese Subgruppe durch klinische oder epidemiologische Variablen charakterisierbar? (c) Wenn ja, welcher oder welche der untersuchten immunologischen und endokrinologischen Parameter tragen zur Streuung des Th1/Th2-Verhältnises bei schizophrenen Patienten bei? (3) Hypothese: (a) Zur Frage (2a) ist eine Th2-Verschiebung angenommen; d.h., die Th1/Th2-Quotienten sind deutlich reduziert. Die Quotienten IFN-g/IL-4, IFN-g/IL-10 und IFN-g/IL-13 wurden als Indikatoren der Th1/Th2-Balance betrachtet. (b) Frage (2b) und (2c) sind offene Fragen, weshalb keine Hypothese im Bezug auf diese beiden Fragen gestellt wurde. (4) Methoden: (a) Analyse-Materialien schließen Serum, Voll-Blut und isolierte Lymphozyten ein. „Vollständige Serum-Daten“ bedeutet, dass alle Daten für Serum-Zytokin-Konzentrationen, Serum Th1/Th2-Quotienten, Hormone, SHBG (Sexhormon-bindendes Globulin), Geschlecht und Alter vorhanden waren. Ebenso bedeutet „vollständige Voll-Blut-Daten“, dass alle Daten bezüglich der in vitro Zytokin-Produktion im Voll-Blut nach einer 46-stündigen PHA-Stimulation, Voll-Blut-Th1/Th2 Quotienten, Hormone, SHBG, Geschlecht und Alter erhoben wurden. „Vollständige Lymphozyten-Daten“ bedeutet, dass alle Daten hinsichtlich der in-vitro Zytokin-Freisetzung bei Lymphozyten, Th1/Th2-Quotienten, Hormone, Geschlecht und Alter verfügbar waren. (b) Studien-Teilnehmer: Insgesamt nahmen 114 schizophrene Patienten und 101 gesunde Probanden an die Studie teil. Unter ihnen hatten 76 schizophrene Patienten und 75 Kontrollen vollständige Serum-Daten, 44 Patienten und 76 normale Kontrollen hatten vollständige Voll-Blut-Daten, 72 schizophrene Patienten und 98 gesunde Teilnehmer hatten vollständige Lymphozyten-Daten. (c) Variablen umfassen hauptsächlich immunologische, endokrinologische und verschiedene klinische Parameter. Die immunologischen Variablen bestehen aus Th1-Zytokinen wie IFN-g, IL-12, IL-2, TNF-a und Th2-Zytokinen einschließlich IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 und IL-6. Die endokrinologischen Kenngrößen setzen sich aus den folgenden Parametern zusammen: zwei Stress-Hormone Cortisol und Prolactin, zwei Geschlechts-Hormone Östradiol und Testosteron, sowie das Geschlechts-Hormon-bindende Globulin (SHBG). Die erhobenen klinischen Daten schließen die Folgenden ein: klinische diagnostische Subgruppen, Familienanamnese bezüglich psychiatrischer Erkrankungen, Medikation vor der Aufnahme, Krankheitsepisode, Antipsychotika-frei/Antipsychotika-naiv, Wash-out-Periode, Erstmanifestationsalter der Erkrankung, Krankheitsdauer, CGI-Werte bei der Aufnahme und Entlassung (CGI = Clinical Global Impressions), sowie die verschieden PANSS Subskalen (Negativ-Symptomatik, Positiv-Symptomatik und Globale Symtpomatik; PANSS = Posivtive and Negative Syndrome Scale). (d) Analyse-Methoden enthalten Cytometric Bead Array (CBA), ELISA und ELISPOT. CBA wurde zur Messung von IFN-g, IL-2, TNF-a, IL-4, IL-10 und IL-6 im Zellkulturüberstand des Voll-Blut-Assays und im Serum verwendet, ELISA wurde zur Bestimmung der IL-12- und IL-13-Produktion im PHA-stimulierten Voll-Blut-Assay eingesetzt, während ELISPOT zum Erfassen der in-vitro-Produktion von IFN-g, IL-12, IL-4, IL-13 und IL-10 bei Lymphozyten benutzt wurde. Die Serumkonzentrationen der Hormone Prolactin, Cortisol, Östradiol, Testosteron, sowie SHBG wurden mit entsprechenden Reagenzienkits am Analysenautomaten Elecsys 2010 erhoben. (e) Auswertung: Die schizophrenen Patienten wurden zuerst als eine ganze Gruppe untersucht, danach nach Geschlecht und verschiedenen klinischen Eigenschaften in unterschiedliche Subgruppen eingeteilt; die so gebildeten verschiedenen Subgruppen sind die unabhängigen Variablen. Die wichtigen abhängigen Variablen sind Th1/Th2-Quotienten einschließlich IFN-g/IL-4, IFN-g/IL-10 (Serum, Voll-Blut-Assay, Lymphozyten) und IFN-g/IL-13 (Lymphozyten). Bei auffälligen Unterschied(en) bezüglich Alter, oder Hormonkonzentrationen und SHBG zwischen einer schizophrenen Subgruppe und den entsprechenden Kontrollen wurden diese Parameter als Kovarianten in die Analyse eingeschlossen, um ihre Effekte auf die Th1/Th2-Balance bei den zu vergleichenden Gruppen zu kontrollieren. (f) Statistik: MAN(C)OVA und Multiple Regression. MAN(C)OVA wurde verwendet, um die Fragestellung (2a) und (2b) zu untersuchen, während Multiple Regression zur Beantwortung der Fragestellung (2c) diente. (5) Primäre Ergebnisse: (a) Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie unterstützen unsere Hypothese einer Th2-Verschiebung zumindest bei einer Subgruppe der Schizophrenie. (b) Befunde bezüglich der Th1/Th2-Balance in Schizophrenie (Resultate der MAN(C)OVA): · Die Serum-Daten deuteten auf eine eindeutige Th2-Verschiebung bei schizophrenen Patienten als Gesamtgruppe hin, nachdem die Effekte von Alter und verschiedener Hormone (insbesondere Prolactin) ausgeschlossen worden waren. · Die Th2-Verschiebung im Serum scheint Schizophrenie-spezifisch zu sein, wie die Daten der Patienten mit schizophrenie-ähnlicher Symptomatik zeigen. · Im geschlechts-spezifischen Vergleich zu gesunden Probanden hatten weibliche schizophrene Patienten signifikant reduzierte Quotient sowohl für Serum IFN-g/IL-4 als auch für IFN-g/IL-10, während männliche Patienten ausschließlich einen deutlich verminderten Serum IFN-g/IL-10 Quotient zeigten. · Reduzierte Serum IFN-g/IL-4- und IFN-g/IL-10-Quotienten wurden ebenfalls bei diversen klinischen Subgruppen beobachtet außer bei schizophrenen Patienten mit vorwiegender Positivsymptomatik. · Ein deutlich reduzierter IFN-g/IL-10-Quotient im PHA-stimulierten Voll-Blut wurde (a) bei Nicht-Paranoid oder chronischen schizophrenen Patienten gezeigt, bei Patienten, die (b) eine positive psychiatrische Familienanamnese hatten und (c) vor Einschluss in die Studie länger als 3 Monate Antipsychotika-frei gewesen waren oder (d) bei Aufnahme in die stationär-psychiatrische Behandlung niedrigere Werte auf der PANSS-Negativ-Skala hatten. Bemerkenswerter weise zeigten auch Antipsychotika-naive Patienten mit Schizophrenie tendenziell einen beträchtlich reduzierten IFN-g/IL-10-Quotient im Voll-Blut. · Die schizophrenen Patienten, deren Symptome nach einer 8-wöchigen Behandlung fast unverändert blieben, hatten auffallend niedrigere IFN-g/IL-4- und IFN-g/IL-10-Quotienten im Voll-Blut als die gesunden Probanden. · Die schizophrenen Patienten mit einem frühen Krankheitsausbruch hatten außergewöhnlich reduzierte Serum IFN-g/IL-4- und IFN-g/IL-10-Quotienten, aber einen erhöhten IFN-g/IL-4 und IFN-g/IL-13 in PHA-stimulierten Lymphozyten. Im Gegensatz zeigten diejenigen mit einem späten Ausbruch keine Änderung der beiden Serum Th1/Th2-Quotienten, jedoch auffallend reduzierte IFN-g/IL-4- und IFN-g/IL-13-Quotienten bei in-vitro stimulierten Lymphozyten. (c) Die möglichen Ursachen der Th1/Th2-Dysbalance bei Schizophrenie-Patienten (Ergebnisse von Multiple-Regression): · Für die schizophrenen Patienten als ganze Gruppe waren vorwiegend IFN-g, IL-4 und IL-10 an die Balance zwischen dem Th1- und Th2-System beteiligt. IL-6 und TNF-a könnten zur Balance zwischen IFN-g und IL-4 im PHA-stimulierten Voll-Blut beigetragen haben, während IL-4 und das Alter offensichtliche Einflüsse auf die Balance zwischen IFN-g und IL-10 im Voll-Blut bei Patienten mit Schizophrenie gehabt haben dürften. · Für die schizophrenen Patientinnen wurde keine eindeutige Quelle für das Ausbalancieren zwischen Serum IFN-g und IL-4 gefunden, obwohl die gemessenen Variablen in der Lage waren, die IFN-g/IL-4-Varianz zuverlässig vorherzusagen (d.h. ³67% oder 2/3 der Varianz waren dadurch erklärbar). Das Abgleichen zwischen IFN-g und IL-4 im Voll-Blut nach PHA-Stimulation wurde eher von den komplexen wechselseitigen Korrelationen unter IFN-g, IL-4, TNF-a, IL-6, Prolactin, Östradiol, Testosteron und Alter beeinflusst. Ähnlich komplexe Inter-Korrelationen unter diesen obengenannten Kenngrößen wurden ebenfalls beim Ausgleichen zwischen IFN-g und IL-10 sowohl im Serum als auch im PHA-stimulierten Voll-Blut beobachtet. · Für männliche schizophrene Patienten gab es vermutlich einige andere entscheidende Faktoren, welche in dieser Studie nicht geprüft worden waren, die jedoch an der Balancierung zwischen IFN-g und IL-10 im Voll-Blut beteiligt gewesen waren. Im Gegensatz zu gesunden Probanden könnten Alter, Prolactin und Östradiol zusätzlich am Abgleichen von Serum IFN-g/IL-10 beteiligt gewesen sein. Hingegen war IL-6 am Abgleichen von IFN-g/IL-10 Voll-Blut-Assay bei männlichen schizophrenen Patienten beteiligt. Beachtenswerte Beiträge von Testosteron, SHBG und Östradiol zur Balancierung vom Voll-Blut IFN-g/IL-10 wie im Fall der Kontrollen waren bei männlichen Patienten mit Schizophrenie nicht zu beobachten. (d) Psychopathologie und Th1/Th2-Quotienten: Der durchschnittliche Messwert auf der PANSS-Negativ-Skala korrelierte positiv mit Voll-Blut-Assay IFN-g/IL-4 und IFN-g/IL-10. Außerdem war der Mittelwert auf der PANSS Global Skala ebenfalls positiv mit Voll-Blut IFN-g/IL-4 assoziiert. (6) Schlussfolgerung und Diskussion: (a) Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigen deutliche Th2-Verschiebungen im Serum bei verschiedenen schizophrenen Subgruppen und bieten einen eher unterstützenden Hinweis für die Hypothese der Th2-Verschiebung von Schizophrenie. (b) Th2-Verschiebungen bei schizophrenen Patienten scheinen eine komplexe Folge von Wechselwirkungen von Krankheitsprozess, Hormonen und antipsychotischer Medikation, jedoch wahrscheinlich nicht nur ein Resultat der antipsychotischen Behandlung oder der durch Alterung ausgelösten Veränderungen zu sein.

Das System der in vitro Kultivierung von antigenspezifischen T-Zelllinien und Antigen präsentierenden Zellen (APZ) stellt ein sehr komplexes und auch teilweise artifizielles System dar. Mit der in vitro Generierung von Dendritischen Zellen aus Monozyten (MGDZ) besteht seit wenigen Jahren die Möglichkeit, die Interaktion von T-Zelllinien und MGDZ zu untersuchen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war zu klären, ob Dendritische Zellen als Antigenträger in der Kultivierung von Langzeit-T-Zelllinien einen Vorteil gegenüber den bisher eingesetzten APZ haben. Dabei wurden Langzeit-T-Zelllinien einerseits mit MGDZ und andererseits mit Monozyten, als Hauptvertreter der verwendeten APZ, restimuliert. Hierbei wurde das Restimulations-Potential der MGDZ gegenüber den Monozyten und der Einfluss auf das Zytokinprofil der T-Zellen in Bezug auf Th1 bzw. Th2 durch die unterschiedlichen APZ untersucht. Die Resultate zeigen, dass die MGDZ bis zu einem APZ/T-Zell-Verhältnis von 1:30 einen Vorteil gegenüber den Monozyten in Bezug auf das Restimulations-Potential haben. Durch die alleinige Verwendung von MGDZ als APZ ließ sich kein Th1/Th2-shift bzw. Th2/Th1-shift von Langzeit-T-Zelllinien in vitro induzieren. Die Verwendung von autologen MGDZ zur Restimulation von spezifischen T-Zelllinien ist zur Routine-Anwendung nicht geeignet, da dem Vorteil gegenüber PBMZ/Monozyten in Bezug auf das Restimulations-Potential erheblich höheren Kosten und ein unverhältnismäßig größerer Aufwand entgegensteht.

Background: Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are chronic inflammatory disorders leading to pulmonary fibrosis. Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) promotes collagen synthesis and deletion of the MCP-1 receptor CCR2 protects from pulmonary fibrosis in ILD mouse models. We hypothesized that pulmonary MCP-1 and CCR2(+) T cells accumulate in pediatric ILD and are related to disease severity. Methods: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was obtained from 25 children with ILD and 10 healthy children. Levels of pulmonary MCP-1 and Th1/Th2-associated cytokines were quantified at the protein and the mRNA levels. Pulmonary CCR2(+), CCR4(+), CCR3(+), CCR5(+) and CXCR3(+) T cells were quantified by flow-cytometry. Results: CCR2(+) T cells and MCP-1 levels were significantly elevated in children with ILD and correlated with forced vital capacity, total lung capacity and ILD disease severity scores. Children with lung fibrosis had significantly higher MCP-1 levels and CCR2(+) T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared to non-fibrotic children. Conclusion: The results indicate that pulmonary CCR2(+) T cells and MCP-1 contribute to the pathogenesis of pediatric ILD and might provide a novel target for therapeutic strategies.