Podcasts about podcast over

Serenity Dennard, 9 ans, a disparu le 3 février 2019 du Black Hills Children's Home, un centre de thérapie intensif où elle était internée. Encore aujourd'hui, l'affaire est toujours irrésolue.Page Facebook de Serenity : https://www.facebook.com/SerenityDennard/?checkpoint_src=any Mes sources :https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17904-reactive-attachment-disorder https://www.psyhavior.org/tdde https://chssd.org/residential-treatment-and-education https://missingpersonscenter.org/missing-persons/serenity-dennard/ https://www.kotatv.com/2024/02/04/saturday-marks-5-years-since-disappearance-serenity-dennard/ https://people.com/crime/police-still-chasing-leads-on-9-year-old-girl-who-disappeared-into-south-dakota-wilderness/ https://www.argusleader.com/story/news/crime/2023/04/11/serenity-dennard-disappearance-2019-mystery-still-causing-misery/70089766007/ https://www.reddit.com/r/UnresolvedMysteries/comments/1hqluk1/serenity_june_dennard_from_rapid_city_south/ https://www.missingkids.org/blog/2024/a-birthday-wish-for-serenity https://www.facebook.com/SerenityDennard/?checkpoint_src=any Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical ☺ Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Aujourd'hui on se retrouve pour des histoires paranormales TRÈS creepy!Vidéo réincarnation : https://youtu.be/qdqwfrKkP54 Mes Sources :https://www.reddit.com/r/Paranormal/comments/1i7r4sb/saw_two_toddlers_on_my_baby_monitor_but_i_only/ https://www.reddit.com/r/HighStrangeness/comments/y5vqh2/the_2yearold_girl_who_startled_her_mother_after/ https://med.virginia.edu/perceptual-studies/our-research/children-who-report-memories-of-previous-lives/ https://urbanlegend.fandom.com/wiki/Selene_Delgado_Lopez https://www.reddit.com/r/Paranormal/comments/1cdxqwz/a_picture_i_cant_get_over/ https://www.reddit.com/r/Missing411/comments/he8ugd/amazing_story_from_another_subreddit/ Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical ☺ Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Entre les années 70 et 2000, plus d'une trentaine de jeunes femmes ont été retrouvées assassinées près de l'autoroute I-45, au Texas : Les Texas Killing Fields. Ont-elles été victimes d'un tueur en série? Encore aujourd'hui, cette affaire est irrésolue.Livre Deliver us – Kathryn Casey : https://www.amazon.ca/Deliver-Us-Decades-Redemption-Infamous/dp/1629533610 Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical ☺ Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Aujourd'hui, j'ai l'énorme chance d'avoir été invitée à Liège pour interviewer Dr. Philippe Boxho, médecin légiste. Philippe Boxho a écrit 3 livres, publiés aux Éditions Les Malins, où il raconte diverses autopsies qu'il a performé à travers les années. Dans ce podcast, j'ai la chance de lui poser plusieurs de mes questions!Procurez-vous les livres de Boxho, juste ici : https://www.leslibraires.ca/auteur/philippe-boxho-676687?srsltid=AfmBOopMc3JaDDnzmU5sZGgpLC22aJeCw2hbjCu_x2wl4sPRlToqSucZAttention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical ☺ Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Le 12 juin 2024, Marie-Pierre Arfel, 64 ans et Françoise Boutteaux, 73 ans, sont parties en randonnée sur la petite île de Sikinos, en Grèce. Les deux femmes vont disparaitre et ne donneront plus de nouvelles d'elles. Que s'est-il passé sur cette petite île de 40 km2?Cagnotte pour aider les proches : https://www.helloasso.com/associations/association-pour-toi-mapi/formulaires/1?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAAR0IO91_-8B2gaZ-UlcqTTbYtBRSwl16RtHlp0VDTHsDbTUjMysyrpzzSII_aem_izT2quDmkFlzxHFgBA2WvgPage Facebook Marie-Pierre : https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61561453884680Mes Sources :https://www.parismatch.com/actu/faits-divers/francaises-disparues-en-grece-toujours-aucune-avancee-dans-lenquete-pour-les-retrouver-246974 https://www.rtl.fr/actu/justice-faits-divers/francoise-boutteaux-et-marie-pierre-arfel-ou-sont-passees-les-disparues-de-l-ile-de-sikinos-7900472655 https://www.bfmtv.com/var/varoise-disparue-en-grece-deux-mois-apres-les-proches-de-marie-pierre-arfel-ont-peu-d-espoir_AN-202408130265.html Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical ☺ Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

“Ik kan geen écht gesprek met mijn moeder voeren. Het gaat alleen maar over koetjes en kalfjes.” Een trouwe luisteraar vroeg me om daar een aflevering over op te nemen. Er zitten vele lagen besloten in het antwoord. Veel luisterplezier!----Spreekt de inhoud je aan? Abonneer je dan op mijn kanaal en geef een review, want daarmee zorg je dat deze podcastserie makkelijk te vinden is. Ik ben ⁠⁠Fiona Cook⁠⁠ en ik werk al 20 jaar als coach, waarvan bijna 15 jaar als systemisch coach met (familie)opstellingen. Ik begeleid ondernemers en leiders om de dynamieken achter hun succes en uitdagingen te doorgronden en herhalende patronen te doorbreken, zodat ze bewust en in balans kunnen leiden. Podcast ‘Over onze vaders: in gesprek met Toekie van Apeldoorn'Podcast 'Ego van intuïtie onderscheiden: hoe dan?'www.cookcoaching.nl Meld je aan voor een 30-minuten call om te onderzoeken wat ik voor je kan betekenen. Instagram of ⁠⁠LinkedIn⁠⁠

Le 24 octobre 2003, une femme nue est retrouvée près du Grand Canyon, en Arizona. Elle deviendra la Devil Dog Jane Doe. Encore aujourd'hui, son corps reste non-identifié.Si tu as des informations, contacte le FBI juste ici : https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/vicap/unidentified-persons/jane-doe-6 Mes sources :https://www.doenetwork.org/cases/software/main.html?id=411ufaz https://www.namus.gov/UnidentifiedPersons/Case#/9967 https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/vicap/unidentified-persons/jane-doe-6 https://www.reddit.com/r/UnresolvedMysteries/comments/x21art/in_october_2003_the_body_of_a_woman_was/?rdt=36307 Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical ☺ Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Aujourd'hui je reçois Gontran, un ancien agent source. Durant l'enregistrement, Gontran porte un masque pour cacher son identité et surtout, pour sa sécurité. Bonne écoute.Achetez son livre : https://www.linvisible.caAttention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical  Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

00:02:40 Partie 1 LE MEURTRE00:09:34 Partie 2 LES STUARTS00:14:33 Partie 3 COMMOTION À BOSTON00:23:31 Partie 4 LES PROJECTS00:28:38 Partie 5 WILLIE00:35:20 Partie 6 CHUCK STUART00:43:39 Partie 7 LA VÉRITÉ00:51:51 Partie 8 UNE FIN INNATENDUELe 23 octobre 1989 à Boston, Carol et Chuck Stuart se font attaquer après leurs cours prénataux. Carol Stuart, enceinte de 8 mois, va succomber à ses blessures tandis que Chuck Stuart survivra.Livre Deadly Greed : https://www.amazon.ca/Deadly-Greed-Riveting-Stuart-Shocked-ebook/dp/B01NBFQ5O6 Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical ☺ Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

PODCAST: Over $5 BILLION dollars has been spent on NFL signings in 2025. We inform you of the biggest NFL free agency signings, which players are changing teams and why so much money has been spent this off-season. LISTEN to Sports Business Radio on Apple podcasts or Spotify podcasts. Give Sports Business Radio a 5-star rating if you enjoy our podcast. Click on the plus sign on our Apple Podcasts page and follow the Sports Business Radio podcast. WATCH SBR interviews by going to www.sportsbusinessradio.com and clicking on the link to the Sports Business Radio YouTube channel. Subscribe to our YouTube channel. Follow Sports Business Radio on Twitter @SBRadio and on Instagram, Threads and Tik Tok @SportsBusinessRadio. This week's edition of Sports Business Radio is presented by Boingo Wireless. Teams like the LA Clippers, Atlanta Hawks, Chicago Bears and San Diego Padres trust Boingo to connect their stadiums and arenas with cutting-edge 5G and Wi-Fi. From mobile ticketing to security cameras to kiosks, connect every piece of stadium technology with Boingo's converged wireless networks. As you plan for the future of your stadium, make 5G part of your gameplan and choose Boingo Wireless as your trusted connectivity partner. Learn more by downloading Boingo's free 5G Playbook for Stadiums & Arenas. Head to boingo.com/5Gstadium to get your copy. #Podcast #NFL #FreeAgency #Money  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

«Tschö mit ö» - nach über 2 Jahren und 4 Monaten verabschiede ich (Chris) mich aus dem trail-rookies Podcast. In dieser Episode blicke ich zurück auf unzählige Momente der Freude und Inspiration, die ich mit der treuen Podcast Hörerschaft teilen durfte. Veränderungen im Leben führen mich auf neue Wege und ein neues Podcast-Projekt namens „lauf.tisch - der Rock'n'Run Club“. Aber keine Sorge. Ihr könnt alle aufatmen: Christian wird den trail-rookies Podcast mit vollem Einsatz und viel Energie weiterführen! Freut euch auf viele spannende, informative und unterhaltsame neue Folgen

Aujourd'hui, je reçois Me. Karine Spénard, une coroner qui vient répondre à toutes mes questions. Cette entrevue est PASSIONNANTE, j'espère que vous aimerez !Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical  Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Le 22 octobre 1989, dans la petite ville de St. Joseph, Minnesota, Jacob Wetterling, onze ans, a été kidnappé par un inconnu. Livre Dear Jacob : https://www.amazon.ca/Dear-Jacob-Mothers-Journey-Hope/dp/1681342693 Sources Audiovisuelles:APM Reports:https://www.apmreports.org/story/2018/09/21/why-law-enforcement-didnt-see-danny-heinrich-killed-jacob-wetterlinghttps://www.apmreports.org/story/2016/09/07/patty-wetterlinghttps://www.apmreports.org/story/2016/09/07/dan-rassierhttps://www.apmreports.org/story/2016/09/20/al-garberhttps://www.apmreports.org/story/2016/09/27/kevinhttps://www.apmreports.org/story/2016/09/07/danny-heinrichhttps://www.apmreports.org/story/2016/09/13/jared-scheierlhttps://www.apmreports.org/episode/2018/09/20/wetterling-investigation-documents Press:https://www.sctimes.com/story/news/local/2016/09/03/timeline-wetterling-investigation/89827890/https://www.startribune.com/jacob-wetterling-the-case-that-changed-minnesota/338500232/https://www.twincities.com/2018/09/20/jacob-wetterling-kidnapping-investigation-criticized-sheriff-don-gudmundson-danny-heinrich/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/09/20/jacob-wetterling-investigative-file-key-peoplehttps://www.kare11.com/article/news/local/man-wrongly-targeted-in-wetterling-case-loses-lawsuit/89-a5ffd658-4360-46cd-bbff-fa05bac493b1https://allthatsinteresting.com/jacob-wetterlingAttention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical ☺ Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Le 10 janvier 2002, Rachel Cooke de 19 ans, disparait durant son jogging. La liste de suspects est longue mais sa disparition est encore irrésolue aujourd'hui.Mes sources :https://www.fox7austin.com/news/rachel-cooke-missing-georgetown-texas-cold-case https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/kidnap/rachel-louise-cookehttps://www.reddit.com/r/NotForgotten/comments/rnqd0k/rachel_louise_cooke/?tl=fr https://spectrumlocalnews.com/tx/south-texas-el-paso/news/2022/01/10/monday-marks-20-years-since-rachel-cooke-went-missing- Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical ☺ Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Aujourd'hui je reçois la belle Mélanie Hotte qui me parle de son don de médium, elle répond à toutes mes questions sur la vie après la mort et, par le fait même, me fait une petite séance où je communique en direct avec mes proches décédés!Site Web Mélanie : https://www.melaniehotte.comInstagram Mélanie : https://www.instagram.com/melaniehotte_medium/Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Le 12 octobre 2019, la petite Cupcake McKinney de 3 ans est kidnappée par des inconnus sur le terrain de jeu près de chez elle. Elle sera retrouvée morte 10 jours plus tard dans un dépotoir. Mes sources : https://www.fox4news.com/news/search-for-abducted-3-year-old-alabama-girl-enters-critical-hours-police-say https://www.al.com/news/birmingham/2019/10/sunday-grid-search-for-kamille-cupcake-mckinney-turns-up-no-sign-of-the-missing-3-year-old-girl.html https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7589467/Video-shows-male-suspect-approach-missing-Alabama-three-year-old-Kamille-Cupcake-McKinney.html https://www.cbs42.com/kamille-cupcake-mckinney/missing-person-reported-at-tom-brown-village/ https://www.al.com/news/2019/10/kamille-cupcake-mckinneys-body-believed-to-have-been-found.htmlAttention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical  Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Le 12 avril 2018, Steven Pladl de 43 ans a tué sa fille biologique, Katie Fusco de 20 ans, avec qui il était marié, ainsi que son père adoptif de 56 ans, Anthony Fusco. Mes sources : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Pladl_triple_murder_and_suicide https://www.buggedspace.com/man-divorces-wife-to-marry-his-daughter-kills-all-including-himself-after-daughter-decides-to-end-the-marriage/#google_vignette Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical ☺ Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Aujourd'hui, je reçois Stéphane Luce, le président de l'organisme MDIQ (Meurtres et Disparition Irrésolues du Québec). On parle de son travail d'enquêteur privé, on jase de quelques cas dont j'ai déjà parlé et des difficultés de travailler avec les familles et policiers.Pour suivre la page MDIQ : https://www.facebook.com/meurtresetdisparitionsPour faire un DON à MDIQ : https://www.gofundme.com/f/recherches-k9-formations-et-operations-de-mdiq?utm_campaign=p_cp+fundraiser-sidebar&utm_medium=copy_link_all&utm_source=customerAttention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Robert Pickton est un éleveur de porcs et un tueur en série de Vancouver. Il est soupçonné d'avoir été l'un des tueurs en série les plus prolifiques au Canada avec un total de 49 victimes. Livre On the Farm de Stevie Cameron : https://www.amazon.ca/dp/0676975852?starsLeft=1&ref_=cm_sw_r_cp_ud_dp_RXWVK92HA9NRF9NDJ7MD Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical ☺00:00:00 Intro00:04:18 Partie 1. Les Pickton00:09:57 Partie 2. Downtown Eastside Vancouver00:16:25 Partie 3. Un suspect00:24:23 Partie 4. Le Projet Amelia00:35:03 Partie 5. Obtention du mandat de perquisition00:41:56 Partie 6. La Ferme00:49:11 Partie 7. L'Interrogatoire00:55:04 Partie 8. Le co-détenu00:59:57 Partie 9. La Ferme II01:13:42 Partie 10. Le Procès Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Aujourd'hui, je vous raconte des histoires troublantes du subreddit RBI! Mes sources : https://www.reddit.com/r/RBI/comments/1dk2vc3/haunting_experience/ https://www.reddit.com/r/montreal/comments/1cky8gj/situation_bizarre/?share_id=RIgPWLs-tHWWfXGFVEpmh&utm_content=1&utm_medium=ios_app&utm_name=ioscss&utm_source=share&utm_term=1 https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2024/05/07/en-video--possibles-voleuses-elles-terrorisent-un-quartier-en-sonnant-pieds-nus-la-nuit https://www.reddit.com/r/RBI/comments/1b4gqd0/comment/ksz9lx3/ https://www.reddit.com/r/RBI/comments/ml15ah/my_dad_might_not_be_responsible_for_a/ Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Je vous ai préparé une petite compilation de vidéos d'horreur, parfait pour l'Halloween! Vous y retrouverez un mix de mes plus vieilles vidéos ainsi que mes plus récentes :) Profitez-en bien!Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Il y a trois ans, Sabrina s'est faite poignarder par son ex, le père de ses enfants. Elle a survécu et aujourd'hui elle nous raconte ce qu'elle a vécu, mais aussi les dommages psychologiques et physiques qu'elle a enduré.Soutien pour les victimes de violence conjugale :https://www.quebec.ca/famille-et-soutien-aux-personnes/violences/violence-conjugale/aide-ressourcesChanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Dylan Ehler est un garçon canadien dont la disparition le 6 mai 2020, à l'âge de 3 ans, a fait l'objet d'un grand intérêt médiatique. Ses parents, Ashley Brown et Jason Ehler, ont critiqué ce qu'ils considéraient comme des lacunes dans l'enquête policière initiale.Si vous avez quelconque information à communiquer aux autorités :https://missingpersonscenter.org/missing-persons-directory/missing-kids/dylan-ehler/ Un merci spécal à Antoine Beauchamps pour le son dans cette vidéo!Mes sources : https://www.wired.com/story/search-missing-boy-dylan-ehler-nova-scotia/ https://missingkids.ca/en/missing-children-database/217 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disappearance_of_Dylan_Ehler#:~:text=Dylan%20Ehler%20is%20a%20Canadian,in%20the%20initial%20police%20investigation. Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical ☺ Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Le 18 juillet 2020, Bernadette Walker, une jeune Anglaise de 17 ans disparait après avoir été vue pour la dernière fois, chez ses grands-parents. Bernadette est présumée morte même si son corps n'a jamais été retrouvé. Sources : https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/bernadette-walker-murder-trial-teenagers-friend-suspected-messages-from-bernadettes-phone-were-from-her-mum-3285968 https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/12651595/peterborough-missing-girl-man-arrested/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=sharebarwebhttps://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/bernadette-walker-murder-case-scott-walker-refuses-to-return-dignity-to-bernadette-and-tell-police-where-he-hid-teens-body-3374099 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Bernadette_Walker Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical ☺ Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

En 1978, Duane Boston a accueilli sur son bateau un couple britannique, Peta Frampton et Chris Farmer pour une expérience de deux semaines. Leurs corps ont tous les deux été retrouvés flottant dans l'eau, à 200m de la côte du Guatemala, mutilés et alourdis par des pièces de moteur.00:00 Intro01:56 Sponsor04:15 1. Un couple parfait08:11 2. Le début d'une aventure17:55 3. Sans nouvelles24:24 4. Duane Boston29:35 5. Quand une disparition devient un meurtre35:42 6. L'acharnement d'une soeur40:53 7. Toute l'histoire52:55 8. Des enfant marqués à vie1:00:59 9. L'arrestation d'un tueur en sérieLivre Dead in the water : https://www.amazon.ca/Dead-Water-Penny-Farmer/dp/1786069660 Podcast Paradise : https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p071k0jv Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical ☺ Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Matioce nous raconte le meurtre de sa maman, Line Sansoucy, qui a été battue à mort en 2010 alors que Matioce avait 13 ans. Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Gareth Williams était un mathématicien et analyste du GCHQ détaché auprès des services de renseignement secrets qui a été retrouvé mort dans son appartement, dans des circonstances suspectes à Pimlico, Londres, le 23 août 2010. Encore aujourd'hui le dossier est toujours irrésolu.Mes sources :https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-12059910https://www.reddit.com/r/UnresolvedMysteries/comments/gh8qv0/the_death_of_gareth_williams/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Gareth_Williamshttps://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/feb/05/no-new-dna-evidence-gareth-williams-likely-died-alone-forensic-review-findsAttention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes.Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod VidéoIntro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux:INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/TWITTER : https://twitter.com/lacharltonFACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficielTIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonnEMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com♥Podcast Over n Out :APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8♥Podcast Post-Mortem :SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJAQUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luceLogiciel de montage : Final Cut ProMonteur : Sebastian MessingerCamera : Canon G7XTout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Celina Mays avait 12 ans lorsqu'elle a disparu en 1996 dans l'état du New Jersey. Pour son très jeune âge, elle était très impliquée dans l'église de Gospel of Christ Ministries. Lorsqu'elle a disparue, l'enfant avait 9 mois de grossesse. Encore aujourd'hui, l'affaire est irrésolue.Si tu as quelconque information sur la disparition de Celina, appelle au NCMEC au 1800-843-5678Mes Sources :https://www.missingkids.org/blog/2024/celina-40th-birthday-still-missing https://allthatsinteresting.com/celina-mays https://medium.com/@themissingfound/celina-mays-a-family-secret-3aa537df1132 https://www.phillyvoice.com/celina-mays-missing-person-new-jersey-in-pursuit-john-walsh-willingboro-cold-case/ Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Cameron Todd Willingham est un citoyen américain reconnu coupable d'avoir tué ses trois jeunes filles dans un incendie criminel en 1991. Il a été exécuté en 1994 suite à une erreur judiciaire. https://www.innocencecanada.comMes Sources : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameron_Todd_Willingham https://innocenceproject.org/cameron-todd-willingham-wrongfully-convicted-and-executed-in-texas/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/09/07/trial-by-firehttps://tcadp.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Cameron-Todd-Willingham-fact-sheet-2014.pdfAttention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Aujourd'hui je reçois Viki qui nous parle des multiples tentatives de meurtre par son père.Si vous voulez contacter Viki : viki_leclair@hotmail.caSOS Violence conjugale : https://sosviolenceconjugale.ca/frAttention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

L'affaire Parker-Hulme désigne l'assassinat en 1954 à Christchurch, en Nouvelle-Zélande, d'Honorah Rieper par sa fille Pauline Parker, alors adolescente, et son amie la plus proche Juliet Hulme.Mes sources :Livre Anne Perry and the Murder of the Century de Peter Graham : https://www.amazon.ca/dp/B00C0ZS9L0?ref_=cm_sw_r_cp_ud_dp_SB7KVQVJCH3VPCJFW9Z4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parker–Hulme_murder_case https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books-and-media/when-anne-perrys-dark-past-was-revealed/article4592201/ Sources visuelles : Film Heavenly Creatures de Peter JacksonAttention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

En Roumanie, en 1991, Vasile Gorgos, un agriculteur de 63 ans, disparait mystérieusement lors d'un voyage d'affaires. 30 ans plus tard, il réapparait sans se souvenir de quoi que ce soit. Il porte toujours les mêmes vêtements de la journée de sa disparition. Que s'est-il passé?Mes Sources : https://medium.com/@leo007/vasile-gorgos-a-63-year-old-farmer-from-romania-departed-on-a-brief-business-trip-in-1991-e18a0a61bf68https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/26137478/mysterious-vasile-gorgos-vanished-reappear/https://www.reddit.com/r/UnresolvedMysteries/comments/phutqw/1991_a_man_vanishes_after_telling_his_family_hes/Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Aujourd'hui, la belle Jaia nous partage le cauchemar qu'elle a vécu quand, à 14 ans, son petit-ami l'a forcée à se prostituer.Compte instagram Jaia : https://www.instagram.com/_jaia.d_/Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ TWITTER : https://twitter.com/lacharlton FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Aujourd'hui je réponds à vos nombreuses questions sur ce qui se passe dans ma vie en ce moment! C'est un podcast très léger, sans montage et personnel! Ce n'est PAS du True Crime, mais j'espère que vous aimerez quand même :)Site Web pour Statistiques de fausse couche : https://datayze.com/miscarriage-chartChanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficielTIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonnEMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Harmony Montgomery était une enfant de 5 ans qui a été assassinée par son père biologique Adam Montgomery dans l'état du New Hampshire après qu'un juge ait accordé la garde complète à son père.Mes sources : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Harmony_Montgomeryhttps://www.reddit.com/r/HarmonyMontgomery/ https://apnews.com/article/harmony-montgomery-missing-girl-murder-trial-17484badad214718010bb821ec4e4fed https://www.nbcnews.com/news/crime-courts/stepmother-slain-5-year-old-harmony-montgomery-granted-parole-perjury-rcna142443 Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Christine Demeter a été dans le garage de sa maison à Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, à l'âge de 33 ans. L'affaire a attiré beaucoup d'attention au Canada parce que Demeter, une mannequin, était jeune et belle, et son meurtre avait été mystérieux.Livre By Persons Unknown de George Jonas et Barbara Amiel : https://www.amazon.ca/Persons-Strange-Death-Christine-Demeter/dp/0772300011Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes.Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod VidéoIntro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux:INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficielTIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonnEMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com♥Podcast Over n Out :APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8♥Podcast Post-Mortem :SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJAQUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luceLogiciel de montage : Final Cut ProMonteur : Sebastian MessingerCamera : Canon G7XTout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical ☺L Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

En Californie, cinq familles ont été unies par une expérience commune : Elles ont tous un fils qui a disparu à San Francisco entre 2010 et 2013. Que s'est-il passé?Jackson Miller a disparu le 15 mai 2010, Cameron Remmer a disparu le 6 octobre 2011, Shawn Dickerson a disparu le 2 décembre 2011, Christian Hughes a disparu le 7 février En Californie, cinq familles ont été unies par une expérience commune : Elles ont tous un fils qui a disparu à San Francisco entre 2010 et 2013. Que s'est-il passé?Jackson Miller a disparu le 15 mai 2010, Cameron Remmer a disparu le 6 octobre 2011, Shawn Dickerson a disparu le 2 décembre 2011, Christian Hughes a disparu le 7 février 2013 et Sean Didi a disparu le 21 mai 2013. Ils se sont tous volatilisés dans la grande ville de San Francisco.La page Facebook de la famille de Shawn : https://www.facebook.com/HelpFindShawnDickerson/ (tu peux trouver des trucs intéressants ici pour ton montage)Mes Sources :https://uncovered.com/cases/shawn-dickerson https://www.reddit.com/r/UnresolvedMysteries/comments/ty7uqe/what_happened_to_shawn_dickerson_and_why_did_so/ https://oag.ca.gov/missing/person/shawn-dickerson https://disappearedblog.com/shawn-dickerson/ https://charleyproject.org/case/shawn-tyler-dickerson Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Luc Roy, 83 ans, est vu pour la dernière fois, le 6 septembre dernier, vers 16h30 alors qu'il s'achetait une cannette à peinture dans un commerce de Sherbrooke. Après ça, il avait prévu aller souper chez son petit-fils, Timothée, mais il ne s'est jamais rendu. Encore aujourd'hui, Luc Roy ainsi que sa voiture, n'ont jamais été retrouvés. Au moment de sa disparition, M. Roy portait un manteau bleu et une casquette blanche. Il a les cheveux gris et les yeux pairs. Il pèse environ 180 livres et mesure 5 pieds 7 pouces. Il conduisait une Rav4 2021 grise (321 EHM)Si vous avez quelconque information, contactez le 819 821-5555Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Le 3 janvier 2022, Sheila Fletcher, 64 ans, a appelé le 911 et a signalé qu'elle et son mari, Clay Fletcher, avaient retrouvé sa fille Lacey Ellen Fletcher, 36 ans, morte sur leur canapé.Sources : https://www.newsnationnow.com/banfield/coroner-graphic-photos-lacey-fletcher-melted-sofa/amp/ https://comprendrelautisme.com/le-diagnostic-de-lautisme/les-criteres/le-dsm-5-dyade-autistique/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTdaUhoHCWU https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10786339/Horrifying-evidence-photos-revealed-extent-Lacey-Fletchers-ordeal.html https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-13047695/Parents-emaciated-Lacey-Fletcher-fused-sofa-manslaughter.html Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Aujourd'hui, je reçois Isabelle qui nous raconte son enfance passant d'une famille d'accueil à une autre... Elle nous parle surtout de l'enfer qu'elle a vécu dans une famille d'accueil en particulier et des répercussions qu'elle a eu sur sa vie.Adresse pour joindre Isabelle : isabellemarcoux.25@gmail.comChanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ TWITTER : https://twitter.com/lacharlton FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Daniel Lévesque, un jeune musicien de 20 ans, a été assassiné en août 2011 à Victoria, en Colombie-Britannique. Il a été trahi par son ami et collègue, Joshua Bredo, qui a était secrètement amoureux de Daniel.Mes Sources : https://www.timescolonist.com/local-news/musician-lured-with-lies-then-killed-let-me-go-just-let-me-go-4650360https://www.vicnews.com/news/b-c-man-sentenced-to-prison-for-killing-friend-with-hammer-released-early-46999#https://revelstokecurrent.com/opinion-daniel-levesques-killer-is-walking-free/https://www.trailtimes.ca/news/b-c-man-sentenced-to-prison-for-killing-friend-with-hammer-released-early-5030443Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Le 30 novembre 2007, Annie Proulx, 37 ans, aurait été vue pour la dernière fois dans le secteur de Rivière Hâtée du quartier Bic à Rimouski. Nous savons qu'à ce moment, elle aurait manifesté l'intention de se rendre dans la région de Québec ou de Montréal. Depuis ce temps, ses proches sont sans nouvelles d'elle.DescriptionTaille : 1,56m (5 pi 1po)Poids: 45 kg (100 lb)Cheveux : Longs de couleur blondYeux : BleusParticularité : Elle arbore des tatouages aux deux bras.Toute personne qui aurait pu apercevoir Annie Proulx dans les moments suivant sa disparition en 2007, ou qui possèderait une information permettant de la retrouver, est priée de communiquer, confidentiellement, à la Centrale de l'information criminelle de la Sûreté du Québec au 1 800 659-4264.Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Aujourd'hui, je suis reçois Audrey-Anne, microbiologiste et spécialiste en décomposition de cadavres.Compte Instagram de Audrey-Anne : https://www.instagram.com/geekyaudrey44/Compte Tik tok de Audrey-Anne : https://www.tiktok.com/@geeky_audrey4444?lang=frAttention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ TWITTER : https://twitter.com/lacharlton FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Come join Aaron as he celebrates a significant milestone - the one-year anniversary of his highly successful podcast! He's invited familiar faces like Moncy Brambila, Dr. Aaron Warner, and Genie Jackson to reflect on the remarkable growth The AC Method has experienced over the past year. You'll hear incredible stories, like Aaron obtaining his pilot's license through a podcast opportunity. Dive into their innovative hiring strategies that challenge candidates' problem-solving skills under pressure. Gain insights into how a new "Rockstar" employee revolutionized their operations. Discover how the podcast connected Aaron with successful entrepreneurs, opening unexpected doors. Don't miss out on this entertaining and inspiring discussion about the past year's journey and the immense potential for the future. Come join these entrepreneurs as they celebrate their accomplishments and plan for an even brighter future!

Robert William « Bobby » Fisher est un fugitif américain recherché pour le meurtre de son épouse et de leurs deux enfants à Scottsdale, en Arizona le 10 avril 2001. Il a été catégorisé par le FBI en tant que 475ᵉ fugitif pour ensuite être placé sur la liste des dix fugitifs les plus recherchés le 29 juin 2002Lien vers affiche FBI : https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/topten-history/hires_images/FBI-475-RobertWilliamFisher.jpg/view Mes sources :https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_William_Fisher https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/topten-history/hires_images/FBI-475-RobertWilliamFisher.jpg/view https://unsolved.com/gallery/robert-fisher/ Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ TWITTER : https://twitter.com/lacharlton FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Aujourd'hui, je vous parle des histoires reddit les plus mystérieuses et troublantes que j'ai lu. Mes sources : https://www.reddit.com/r/RBI/comments/18l8l7m/pinkie_pie_has_haunted_me_for_the_past_9_years/ https://www.reddit.com/r/RBI/comments/12elw5k/need_to_find_criminal_case_against_husband_its/ https://www.reddit.com/r/RBI/comments/15gfrrt/came_home_to_find_purple_prints_all_over_my_walls/ https://www.reddit.com/r/RBI/comments/111mxpj/a_post_on_rconfession_may_have_links_to_the/ https://www.reddit.com/r/RBI/comments/15c3or9/did_i_witness_human_trafficking_yesterday/ https://www.reddit.com/r/RBI/comments/114wwuo/in_1983_la_i_was_12_when_myself_3_other_street/ Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ TWITTER : https://twitter.com/lacharlton FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Les « Monstres de Ecatepec » est un nom qui a été donné au couple de tueurs en série Juan Carlos Hernandez et Patricia Martinez. Cette affaire est aussi nommée « La maison des horreurs » ou « Les bouchers de Ecatepec »Vidéo de la Santa Muerte : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fB2qq6pWMrM&t=1s Mes sources : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecatepec_de_Morelos https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monstruos_de_Ecatepec https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2021/03/14/los-monstruos-de-ecatepec-los-asesinos-seriales-que-se-disfrazaban-de-vendedores-para-matar-mujeres/ https://vanguardia.com.mx/noticias/monstruos-de-la-vida-real-el-monstruo-de-ecatepec-el-asesino-serial-que-se-comia-a-sus-victimas-y-su-objetivo-era-matar-mas-de-cien-mujeres-EN4609868 https://www.elimparcial.com/mexico/Asi-descubrieron-al-Monstruo-de-Ecatepec-que-canibalizaba-victimas-Las-hacia-tamales-20211213-0109.html https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-45806103 https://cecacyc-oficial.wixsite.com/cecacyc/post/los-monstruos-de-ecatepecAttention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ TWITTER : https://twitter.com/lacharlton FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Aujourd'hui, Ismaelle nous raconte le viol collectif qu'elle a subi en voyage ainsi que les traumatismes qui ont suivis cet événements. CAVAC : https://cavac.qc.caIVAC : https://www.ivac.qc.caAttention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ TWITTER : https://twitter.com/lacharlton FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Le corps de la jeune Tina Fontaine, 15 ans, a été retiré de la rivière Rouge, à Winnipeg, le 17 août 2014. Encore aujourd'hui, son coupable est toujours en liberté.Le foyer pour femmes autochtones de Montréal : https://ffamfr.squarespace.com Pour joindre Johannie : info@meurtresetdisparitions.com Livre Red River Girl : https://www.amazon.ca/Red-River-Girl-Death-Fontaine/dp/0735233934 Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ TWITTER : https://twitter.com/lacharlton FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Aujourd'hui je reçois Mathieu qui nous partage son expérience de possession démoniaque ainsi que l'exorcisme qu'il a vécu.Instagram Mathieu : https://www.instagram.com/everythingisaboutcolors/Tiktok Mathieu : https://www.tiktok.com/@UCijO4ta6-Ep6oB-xsUsL1qQ Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ TWITTER : https://twitter.com/lacharlton FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Steven Kubacki s'est évaporé en 1978 alors qu'il était en ski de fond au Lac Michigan. Il est réapparu 15 mois plus tard en se rappelant de rien. Vidéo Danny Filippidis : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dB1viFCsqk&t=9sMes Sources : https://stevenkubacki.comhttps://beamazed.com/article/people-who-disappeared-and-reappeared-in-strange-and-mysterious-wayshttps://alonewithnature.medium.com/the-disappearance-and-re-appearance-of-steven-kubacki-case-3aa9f2040943https://ellenkilloran.substack.com/p/the-misappearance-of-steven-kubacki Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ TWITTER : https://twitter.com/lacharlton FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Le 13 décembre 2017, les milliardaires Barry et Honey Sherman de Toronto ont été retrouvés assassinés dans leur domicile. Le meurtrier n'a jamais été arrêté.Livre Billionaire murders de Kevin Donovan :https://www.amazon.ca/Billionaire-Murders-Mysterious-Deaths-Sherman/dp/0735237034 Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ TWITTER : https://twitter.com/lacharlton FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Mounir, 22 ans, un jeune étudiant franco-algérien est mort dans de mystérieuses circonstances en Australie en 2012. Depuis ce jour, ses parents tentent de savoir ce qui lui est arrivé.Pour contacter la famille Saad : hocine.saad@hotmail.comCompte Tiktok Hocine Saad : https://www.tiktok.com/@hocinehocinesaadAttention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ TWITTER : https://twitter.com/lacharlton FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Holly Bobo était une Américaine qui a disparu le 13 avril 2011 de sa maison familiale au Tennessee. Elle a été vue vivante pour la dernière fois par son frère, Clint, peu avant 8 heures du matin, marchant dans les bois devant sa maison avec un homme en tenue de camouflage. Mes sources : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Holly_Bobo https://www.jacksonsun.com/story/news/local/2021/04/11/holly-bobo-abduction-murder-timeline/7154741002/ https://the-line-up.com/holly-bobo https://allthatsinteresting.com/holly-bobo https://www.chillingcrimes.com/blogs/news/holly-bobo Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/ ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ TWITTER : https://twitter.com/lacharlton FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Cette semaine, je reçois Simon qui vient parler des abus sexuels qu'il a reçu alors qu'il était enfant mais aussi, de son parcours pour tenter de guérirSi toi aussi tu as besoin de parler : https://shase.caAttention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.ch... TWITTER : https://twitter.com/lacharlton FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriachar... TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharl... EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast... SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35A... ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1j... QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-... Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Leigh Occhi est une Américaine de 13 ans, qui a disparu dans des circonstances mystérieuses alors qu'elle était chez elle lors de l'ouragan Andrew.Mes sources : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disappearance_of_Leigh_Occhi https://www.djournal.com/news/crime-law-enforcement/leigh-occhi-disappearance-new-dna-technology/article_32e72150-3af9-53c6-bef2-bc572b06520d.html https://storiesoftheunsolved.com/2020/07/11/the-disappearance-of-leigh-occhi/ https://allthatsinteresting.com/leigh-occhi https://charleyproject.org/case/leigh-marine-occhi Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod Vidéo Intro par https://www.instagram.com/frenchyartist/♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ TWITTER : https://twitter.com/lacharlton FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Dans cette vidéo, je vous parle des victimes non-identifiées de plusieurs tueurs en série célèbres. Lien vers confessions Samuel Little : https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/samuel-little-most-prolific-serial-killer-in-us-history-100619 Lien vers vidéo John Wayne Gacy : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=793VHr1QXk4 Mes sources : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Rader https://nypost.com/2023/09/05/woman-in-btk-killers-sick-drawing-of-possibly-identified/ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-12479295/Chilling-never-seen-sketches-BTK-serial-killer-showing-girls-bound-gagged-nooses-necks-released-cops-hunt-clues-case-missing-girl.html https://www.fox23.com/news/local/btk-in-ok-drawings-released-could-reveal-location-of-okla-victims-remains/article_0867cc48-4c17-11ee-8f10-2755f1f336d7.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Little https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/samuel-little-most-prolific-serial-killer-in-us-history-100619 https://www.dps.texas.gov/news/new-details-released-unsolved-samuel-little-murders https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne_Gacy https://www.aetv.com/real-crime/gacy-unknown-victims https://www.cookcountysheriffil.gov/john-wayne-gacy-victim-identified/ https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nc/charlotte/news/2021/10/26/sheriff--newly-id-d-gacy-victim-s-death-was-news-to-n-c--family https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_Corll https://www.reddit.com/r/UnexplainedPhotos/comments/7ajdbk/a_polaroid_image_depicting_a_likely_unknown/ https://thecrimewire.com/true-crime/Who-is-the-Handcuffed-Boy-in-the-Polaroid Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ TWITTER : https://twitter.com/lacharlton FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

George Smith était un Américain qui a disparu par-dessus bord du navire de croisière MS Brilliance of the Seas de Royal Caribbean International en juillet 2005, durant sa lune de miel, dans des circonstances suspectes.Mes sources : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disappearance_of_George_Smith https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/timeline-the-disappearance-of-george-smith/ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3201284/The-new-life-marriage-two-children-honeymoon-widow-ten-years-husband-mysteriously-died-cruise-DAYS-wedding.html https://www.travelagentcentral.com/cruises/george-smith-case-surfaces-once-again-a-new-twist https://www.reddit.com/r/UnresolvedMysteries/comments/jy1irm/the_death_of_george_smith_aboard_a_cruise_ship_on/ https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/05/nyregion/bride-recounts-disappearance-of-husband-during-cruise.html https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2006/04/george-jennifer-smith-royal-caribbean-cruise-honeymoon Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ TWITTER : https://twitter.com/lacharlton FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Clear is kind. In deze aflevering ga ik in gesprek met Noëlla de Jager, eigenaar van Good Place 2 Work, flexibele werkplek voor vrouwelijke ondernemers én auteur van het boek ‘Overleven als Ondernemer'.  Je hoort: - Waarom we juist dít onderwerp uitkiezen. - Waarom vooral vrouwen het lastig vinden om duidelijk te zijn. - Welke prijzen jij en anderen daarvoor betalen. - Voorbeelden uit eigen ervaring. - Wat Ontrafelen en helder communiceren met elkaar te maken hebben. - Wat het jou oplevert om ‘clear' te zijn. - Welke tips we voor jou hebben. Veel luisterplezier! Spreekt de inhoud je aan? Abonneer je dan op mijn kanaal en geef een review, want daarmee zorg je dat deze podcastserie makkelijk te vinden is. --- Ik ben ⁠⁠Fiona Cook⁠⁠ en als systemisch coach begeleid ik vrouwelijke leiders die de balans kwijt zijn doordat ze te veel ballen in de lucht houden. Ik help jou om patronen te ontrafelen en doorbreken zodat je rust ervaart, de regie over jouw leven terug pakt, meer geniet en je weer verbindt met jouw gevoel. Belangrijke links: Podcast ‘Over onze vaders: met Toekie van Apeldoorn' Podcast ‘Zorgvuldig afscheid nemen, hoe doe je dat?' Mijn aanbod vind je op de website. Volg me op Instagram of ⁠⁠LinkedIn⁠⁠. Don't forget to ring the bell.

Le 6 juillet 2001, Tionda Bradley de 10 ans et sa petite soeur Diamond Bradley ont disparu à Chicago. Selon leur mère, la petite Tionda a laissé une note disant que les deux fillettes allaient au magasin et dans la cour d'école. Elles n'ont jamais été retrouvées.Mes Sources: https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/kidnap/tionda-z.-bradleyhttps://chicago.suntimes.com/news/2023/5/19/23730772/diamond-bradley-missing-person-case-chicagohttps://medium.com/@themissingfound/part-3-diamond-and-tionda-bradley-the-20-year-lie-that-changed-everything-eb4a6173f675https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-12105203/Texas-woman-says-Diamond-Bradley-vanished-Chicago-2001.htmlhttps://www.reddit.com/r/Disappeared/comments/15yho3b/the_bradley_sisters/https://www.reddit.com/r/UnresolvedMysteries/comments/16brzcb/on_a_hot_summer_day_over_two_decades_ago_a_pair/Attention, cette vidéo peut contenir des images ou des propos qui sont déconseillés aux plus jeunes. Chanson Intro : Danse of questionable tuning - Kevin MacLeod ♥Suis-moi sur les réseaux sociaux: INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/victoria.charlton/ TWITTER : https://twitter.com/lacharlton FACEBOOK : https://www.facebook.com/victoriacharltonofficiel TIKTOK : https://www.tiktok.com/@victoriacharltonn EMAIL : victoriacharltonpro@gmail.com ♥Podcast Over n Out : APPLE PODCAST : https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-n-out/id1545187858?uo=4 SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/6OgK35AojAk4emWYfq5sk8 ♥Podcast Post-Mortem : SPOTIFY : https://open.spotify.com/show/1m0Yx1jAOos8ewx5o2OgJA QUB RADIO : https://www.qub.ca/radio/balado/post-mortem-avec-victoria-charlton-saison-1-roxanne-luce Logiciel de montage : Final Cut Pro Monteur : Sebastian Messinger Camera : Canon G7X Tout commentaire incitant à la haine ou au manque de respect sera supprimé. Je veux que mon espace commentaire soit positif et amical :) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Suzanne Culberg is an author and coach who helps over-givers and people pleasers learn to set boundaries and say 'No' without feeling like a bitch. Suzanne is known for her straight-talking and her wacky t-shirts. She lives in Sydney, Australia with her husband and 2 awesome children.https://www.suzanneculberg.com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/suzanneculbergInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/suzanne_culberg/Youtube: youtube.com/@suzanneculbergCheck out the Podcast Over it with Kristan & Suzanne Apple Podcasts https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-it-with-kristan-suzanne/id1657593272 Spotify https://open.spotify.com/show/7yYDnB7MqMgV2rbNrzjf0MApple Podcasts https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/over-it-with-kristan-suzanne/id1657593272 Spotify https://open.spotify.com/show/7yYDnB7MqMgV2rbNrzjf0M My emails rock - and they're how you access unique content, offers and fun!https://www.suzanneculberg.com/newsletter Follow Pearl on social media TikTok, Instagram, and Facebook: @Pearlchiarenza Remember to embrace your inner pearl, nourish yourself, and find balance in life. Stay true to your authentic self and continue working on your personal growth.

Elke zaterdag- en zondagochtend tussen 6 en 7 uur horen NPO Radio 1-luisteraars de mooiste cultuurtips in Een Uur Cultuur. In deze aflevering ontvangt Eva Koreman cabaretière en schrijfster Lisa Loeb. Zij schreef een boek over haar angststoornis en depressie, getiteld ‘Bang' (https://www.bol.com/nl/nl/p/bang/9300000112625053/?Referrer=ADVNLGOO002008J&gclid=Cj0KCQjwlumhBhClARIsABO6p-x0meIRAa1wq0vxtrRrWCR9zMdTD4Jabcl8cv_vz9i3dSZwOPU4vM4aAn9JEALw_wcB). Zij deelt haar cultuurtips met Eva en de luisteraar: Gast: Lisa Loeb (https://lisaloeb.nl/) De tips van Lisa: Boek: Gabrielle Zevin - Morgen en morgen en morgen (https://nieuwamsterdam.nl/product/8735/) Podcast: Over geld praat je niet (https://open.spotify.com/show/7EJXOKzCDvMMJNRd9KFa3H?si=5b6b51422a934c47&nd=1) Theater: Coriolanus (https://www.hnt.nl/voorstellingen/6701/Het_Nationale_Theater_Nina_Spijkers/Coriolanus) Cabaret: N00b (https://www.ntk.nl/voorstelling/n00b-speelt-n00b) Musical: Sweeney Todd (https://www.medialane.nl/en/productie/sweeney-todd/) Tentoonstelling: Vermeer (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam) (https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/zien-en-doen/tentoonstellingen/vermeer) Museum: Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo (https://krollermuller.nl/) Openbare kunst: Straatmuseum, Amsterdam (https://straatmuseum.com/nl/?gclid=Cj0KCQjwlumhBhClARIsABO6p-wpaT6kd3L3Cv4iF2pQsjaBhVosaSiPe5DDkLSyKqmYKGXM5N0M2l4aAorBEALw_wcB) Muziek: Miley Cyrus - Endless Summer Vacation (https://open.spotify.com/album/0HiZ8fNXwJOQcrf5iflrdz?si=MHCL7csaTc-mHmkxX-v3Ng&nd=1) Festival: North Sea Jazz (https://www.northseajazz.com/nl/) Online film: Tetris (Apple+) (https://tv.apple.com/us/movie/tetris/umc.cmc.4evmgcam356pzgxs2l7a18d7b) Online serie: Ted Lasso (Apple+) (https://tv.apple.com/us/show/ted-lasso/umc.cmc.vtoh0mn0xn7t3c643xqonfzy) Heb je cultuurtips die we niet mogen missen? Mail de redactie: eenuurcultuur@vpro.nl

Thom and Mark say goodbye in these final three episodes. In this second of three parts, they recall some of the highlights and most fun episodes of the podcast. The post Thom and Mark say Goodbye to Each Other – Part 2: Highlights of the Podcast Over the Years appeared first on Church Answers.

India Policy Watch #1: What Do Successive Defence Budgets Reveal?Insights on burning policy issues in India— Pranay Kotasthane(An edited version of this article was published in Hindustan Times on 13th Feb)Another defence budget zoomed past us on Feb 1. Since then, analyses have focused on how the defence spending for the coming year departs from the last year. Some have waved a red flag as defence spending has fallen below 2 per cent of GDP for the first time in many years. On the other hand, the defence ministry's post-budget press release emphasised a 44 per cent increase in operational spending, which is expected to “close critical gaps in the combat capabilities and equip the Forces in terms of ammunition, sustenance of weapons & assets, military reserves etc.” The ministry also highlighted that the capital outlay for modernisation and infrastructure development has risen by a seemingly handsome 57 per cent over the last five years. How, then, do we make sense of these conflicting narratives?Comparing allocations with those in the previous year gives us a confusing picture. Every interest group can pull up a number from the budget to suit their pre-formed narrative. Taking a step back from these narratives, this article will show that this was another run-of-the-mill defence budget, just like the previous one was. Nothing in it indicates any significant change in the defence posture. Unlike Japan, which has announced a doubling of its military spending in the next five years, India's approach is about gradually improving the operational efficiency of the armed forces.Looking under the hoodThis article looks at the defence expenditure over the last six budgets to make sense of the numbers. To put numbers into context, let's use an earlier year (FY16). FY16 is a useful reference point as it predates two major developments: China's visibly aggressive posture on the border and the budgetary commitments arising from the One Rank One Pension (OROP) scheme. Three observations follow from such an analysis.One, not only has defence spending fallen as a proportion of GDP, but it has also fallen as a percentage of government expenditure. In other words, defence has slipped in priority relative to non-defence functions (Figure 1). Two, the China challenge hasn't led to any spectacular change in the composition of defence expenditure. Defence spending can be divided into four major components: salaries, pensions, capital outlay, and others. As Figure 2 shows, capital outlay was being squeezed by rising pension expenditure over the last few years. For two consecutive years (FY19 and FY20), more money was spent on pensions than on capital acquisition and modernisation. The balance has now been marginally restored since FY21, after the Galwan crisis flared up.Crucially, the rises in pension and capital expenditures have come at the cost of operational and maintenance expenditures, including ammunition stores (under the Others category). It is hence not surprising that the latest budget is trying to arrest this decline in combat capabilities.Three, this period has been relatively better for the Indian Navy in terms of capital expenditure. Since the procurement of new platforms happens over multiple years, a temporal view is useful in analysing how capital outlay is split between the three armed forces. Figure 3 suggests that the big change in the last four years is in the capital outlay for the Indian Navy, with the FY24 figure having doubled in absolute terms since FY20.The Big PictureBy connecting these dots over the last five years, the picture that emerges is this: the government seems confident that China can be handled without a substantial rise in defence expenditure. The latest budget serves as a bellwether indicator for this claim. It was the first budget of the post-pandemic period, at a time when the economic prospects for India had improved considerably. The government achieved better-than-expected buoyancy in income taxes and GST in the current financial year, while the cooling of global fertilizer prices has led to a decline in the projected subsidy bill. Consequently, the government, for the first time in many years, had some fiscal room to play with. It has used that space to increase the overall capital outlay to Rs 10 lakh crore, almost three times the outlay in 2019-20. Despite this increase in the overall capital outlay, the defence budget resembles the middle overs of a one-day cricket match.From a financial savings perspective, there have been just two important changes over this period in the defence domain. The first was the announcement of the Agnipath scheme. It might reduce the pension burden, but these savings will reflect only after a decade-and-a-half. Other proposals, such as theatre commands, haven't come to fruition yet. The proposal to create a non-lapsable fund for modernisation — a proposal the union government gave an in-principle agreement way back in Feb 2021, still hasn't found a mention in the latest budget.Probably, the defence budget is the wrong place to infer India's strategic posture against China. Perhaps, the government considers other tools of statecraft—diplomatic, economic, or non-conventional—more suitable for the purpose. This point needs deeper reflection. The discussions over the roles of these tools of statecraft currently operate under mistaken assumptions. Attempts at getting India into an anti-China alliance are spurned at the altar of “strategic autonomy”. The opponents seem to assume that India only needs to equip its armed forces with greater firepower. For too long, many parliamentary standing committees and defence organisations have gone hoarse trying to convince the government that defence expenditure should be raised to 3 per cent of GDP. If anything, the change is in the opposite direction.The defence budget trends are a reminder that the government does not prefer using the military instrument to outflank China. At best, it wants to equip the armed forces such that China's incursions can be matched or repulsed. Given that there's no significant increase in allocations for the Navy and the Air Force, it also means that the government is not considering an increased presence in the South China Sea. So, the military is being equipped to plug a vulnerability and not to gain an asymmetric political advantage over China. This line of thinking probably makes sense. There's no point in matching China's defence spending dollar-for-dollar. After all, the Indian armed forces are more adept at fighting at high altitudes. But this line of thinking should also make it apparent that India must develop capabilities in domains other than those involving force to inflict pain on China. The government should build a political consensus that closer relations with China's adversaries are not a matter of choice but an imperative. That we need to double down on economic growth and technological upgrading if we are to constrain China's hand in other domains. It also means that we shouldn't be indiscriminately banning China's investments in India; a better approach would be to make their companies in non-strategic domains more dependent on the Indian market. We will then have more tools in our kit to deploy if the situation on the border worsens. Each of these posture changes needs an updating of our priors and payoffs. For that to happen, it is necessary that the government comes clean about China's incursions. Pretending that all's well might give us false comfort, but they will also dissuade the strategic establishment from confronting the tough trade-offs in non-military domains. Without this pivot, we would merely rely on hope as a strategy. India Policy Watch #2: Through The Looking GlassInsights on burning policy issues in India— RSJWe talk about the arbitrary powers of the state on these pages often. Now, we cannot grudge the state's sovereignty because we have voluntarily handed it that power. One argument that follows from this is that such power is often prone to be used arbitrarily. And that's a problem for the citizens. The typical solution we have offered on these pages over time is to restrict the domain of the state to a narrow set where it can make the maximum impact or to design its incentives in a way that makes the state act with accountability. Now, these are good design principles. We could use them to create structures and institutions that are strong and independent that could hold their own against any arbitrary use of power. But are these enough? A natural question that should follow is how do we know things are working in practice like they were meant to? How do we get authentic information about how the state is conducting itself? How do we confirm that it is not subverting the institutional design that is in place to control its powers? These questions lead us to the other pillar of a well-functioning democracy - transparency. It is a topic we haven't discussed enough on these pages. Transparency is a moral good, and it is vital for a healthy democracy. Darkness stunts democracy. It needs light to thrive. In the early part of the 20th century, the US Supreme Court judge Louis Brandeis famously remarked, “sunlight is the best disinfectant” while making a case for a transparency imperative. Or, if we were to go further back, Bentham, often credited to have done the most original thinking on transparency, summed it up with - the more strictly we are watched, the better we behave - a principle he put at the heart of his advocacy for an open government. So, what has triggered my early morning ruminations on transparency? Well, there are two reasons. Here's one. The Indian Express reports:“The Supreme Court said it did not want to accept in a “sealed cover” the Centre's suggestions on who could be the members of a committee the court had proposed to assess the market regulatory framework and recommend measures, if any, to strengthen it in the wake of the Adani-Hindenburg affair. It refused to accept any suggestions on names from the petitioners as well.Chief Justice of India DY Chandrachud, who headed a three-judge bench hearing a clutch of petitions on the Hindenburg Research report and its aftermath, told Solicitor General Tushar Mehta, the court wanted to maintain “full transparency”. The court would appoint a committee of its own that will promote a sense of confidence in the process, he said.”CJI Chandrachud said, “We would rather not accept the sealed cover suggestions from you for this reason; in constituting a committee which we want to do, we want to maintain full transparency. The moment we accept a set of suggestions from you in a sealed cover, it means the other side is not seeing them. Even if we don't accept your suggestions, they will not know which of your suggestions we have accepted and which we have not. Then there may be an impression that well, this is a government-appointed committee which the Supreme Court has accepted even if we have not accepted your suggestions. So, we want to maintain the fullest transparency in the interest of protecting the investors.”Bravo. The Chief Justice was almost channelling Bentham there, who famously wrote, “secrecy, being an instrument of conspiracy, ought never to be the system of a regular government.” I mean, what even is a sealed cover in a matter that concerns millions of ordinary investors? Why should there be secrecy in the name of experts and their recommendations? A sealed cover is a strange invention. It gives the sheen of a fair and independent process to what is essentially a subversion of a democratic principle. It ranks up there among one of the great Indian coinages. The top spot, of course, is forever occupied by ‘mild lathicharge'. And now, onto the other reason for all this talk on transparency. This was the headline-grabbing news of this week in India - “Weeks after its documentary taken off, BBC gets I-T knock”. Here's the Indian Express reporting on this with many quotes from “unnamed government sources”:“The Income-Tax Department surveys at the premises of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) in Delhi and Mumbai on Tuesday (February 14) were conducted in view of the BBC's “deliberate non-compliance with the transfer pricing rules” and its “vast diversion of profits”, government sources said.The surveys were looking into “manipulation of prices for unauthorized benefits, including tax advantages”, sources said.The BBC has been “persistently and deliberately violative of transfer pricing rules, it has “deliberately diverted a significant amount of the profits”, and has not followed the “arm's length arrangement” in the allocation of profit, the sources said.”A very garrulous source there with a lot of information. I don't want to ascribe motives to the tax raids yet. There's enough in the timing of these ‘surveys' to raise suspicions. The I-T department has been used to settle political and other scores for decades. It speaks poorly of our institutional strength and independence. But that's not the issue we are discussing today. The question is about transparency. Does anyone know why the surveys were carried out? The sources have cleverly given some reasons, but what stops the department from giving an official reason for them? Is it because it is likely that if they give the official reason, there will be further questions on the arbitrary nature of the actions? So, it is best to share nothing officially, selectively leak information to the media to paint the BBC in poor light and get away with harassment that then sends a message across to other foreign media outlets. Because even based on the merits of what the sources have said, it is difficult to justify a two-day survey. To quote the same news report:“Transfer pricing issues are very common for foreign companies but survey/search actions against them are not common. Assessment is usually opted for but is not the only route through which such cases can be approached. If tax officers want to do a survey/search, then transfer pricing issues can get covered.However, it is an approval-driven process with prior approvals required within the tax department before carrying out survey action. They would be having some information against the company and there might be a history of non-compliance too,” a Delhi-based tax expert said.  A notice preferably is issued to a company in an assessment exercise by the tax authorities flouting transfer pricing rules before undertaking any such action, experts said."It shouldn't surprise anyone that political actors don't like transparency. It adds to their burden of accountability and increases the political costs of any missteps, deliberate or otherwise. So, how should the citizens keep up the demand for transparency in a democratic setup? After all, for the citizens to be involved in the governance process, they must have access to the government's information, plans and intentions. Also, there is a line beyond which too much transparency could be counterproductive. Too much information, too early in the process, could mean stalling the plan as interest groups jump in and skew the decision-making process. I have outlined three frames that one could use to think about transparency in a democracy.First, it is in the long-term interest of political parties to seek transparency in a democratic setup. For those in the opposition, it is about making the incumbent party in power more accountable. For the incumbent, too, there's always the uncertainty about the future when they might not be in power. In such a scenario, it is better for them to have stronger laws on transparency for their own access to government information, which they can use to hold others accountable. A lack of certainty about future electoral prospects for any party is a feature of a good democracy. It is in this environment most transparency laws are made. In India, too, the RTI came about because of grassroots activism and a broad consensus among the political class led by the party in power then. However, it is important to note that the Overton window was right during that time when getting re-elected was an exception. It meant the political actors were keen to have access to information in future. In that sense, any period when transparency is suppressed in a democracy is a good surrogate for the power of the party in power. In India, the RTI laws allow for access to a significant amount of government information. The problem is that there is a gradual erosion of its ambit as the dominant political class comes to view it as an irritant. The only way to counter this is for the citizenry to continue using the RTI tool to its fullest extent. The more people know the tool's power, the harder it will be to blunt it. Second, it is important to devolve transparency to state and local governments. This is where the political uncertainty is still high in India, which means there's an incentive for political actors to support transparency moves to guarantee their own access to information in future. This is also the space where petty corruption is still rampant. One of the challenges of RTI in India is that most of the activism here is focused on big-ticket issues. The opportunity to bring sunlight as a disinfectant and its payoffs are the highest at the local level of governance. Separately, there are also specific areas in the private sector that could do with improved transparency. This is tricky territory, and let me be very specific about this. There's a significant amount of information that's collected, often without explicit consent, from the citizens by the private sector, which is then monetised in various ways. The mechanism by which their information is used and the extent to which the private sector, especially the social media platforms,  benefits from it are not transparent to the citizens who are the customers. If your attention is being monetised through multiple trackers and personalised ads, it is only fair you must know the rules of the game and agree to play it. This is still a white space of policymaking in India.   Lastly, the oft-cited risk of policy waters being muddied because of transparency, where various interest groups will lobby for their positions and slow down the decision-making process, is a bit misplaced. Those in favour of transparency do not argue for the innards of policymaking being put out for display. That process requires stakeholder mapping and seeking inputs in a way that's been documented by various policy thinkers. We have written about the eight-step process of policymaking on these pages on multiple occasions. The issue of transparency is important in two areas. First, the implementation and measurement of a policy proposal. How did a policy fare compared to its promise? Were the public resources and efforts prudently used? Was there a clear understanding of why something failed? Access to this information is important for the public and experts outside the government to hold the government accountable and improve future decisions. Second, the size of the state in India often means it is the biggest, often the sole, customer in multiple sectors and its decision on setting the rules of games in these sectors, awarding contracts and its performance in managing its budget should be available for public scrutiny. Again, this doesn't mean the government should vet its decisions at each stage with prevailing public opinion. Rather it must be able to explain its process and the rationale for decisions openly and transparently. The practice of sealed covers or I-T surveys and raids without a clear reason isn't new to India. What's new is the somewhat strange support for these actions by the mainstream media that are being fed by the ever-bizarre theories cooked by the partisans on social media. BBC isn't doing a documentary on Gujarat because China is now funding it. Nor is there a leftist cabal that's busy bringing Adani down one week and using BBC the next to show the government in a bad light. This playbook is reminiscent of the Indira era of the mid-70s, where in the name of national interest, we buried transparency and accountability. It took us decades to get out of that mire. Learning from history is free, but most of us fail the eventual test.PolicyWTF: Casually Banning Films Committee, RepriseThis section looks at egregious public policies. Policies that make you go: WTF, Did that really happen?— Pranay Kotasthane Last week, I came across an excellent report by Aroon Deep in The Hindu that explains how the Central Board for Film Certification (CBFC) is going way beyond its usual stance of “demanding” cuts of scenes showing sexual content, violence, or abusive language. Instead, the CBFC now also has a perspective on dietary preferences (demanding that mention of “beef” be struck off), foreign policy (demanding that references to ex-KGB officers, China, and Pakistan be removed), and even corruption (how can a filmmaker dare depict a police officer accepting a bribe?). Seriously, what an omniscient body.Despite its activism, the Censor Board hasn't impressed the extremists. One Hindu group leader has called for creating a ‘Dharma Censor Board' “to review Bollywood films and keep a check on any anti-religious content or distortion of facts about Sanatan Dharma.” In his words:“Our experts will see a film when it is released and if we find it suitable for people belonging to Sanatan Dharma, we will issue a certificate. At present, films passed by the censor board set up by the government have been found carrying scenes that hurt the sentiments of people. We have repeatedly asked for a religious person to be included in the censor board but this demand has not been accepted. This is why we had to constitute our own board.”While it sounds absolutely absurd at face value, there is a liberal way out to assimilate this conservative critique. We covered it in edition #122, and I want to re-emphasise those points.In 2016, my former colleagues Madhav, Adhip, Shikha, Siddarth, Devika and Guru wrote an interesting paper in which they recommended that film certification should be privatised.Deploying the Banishing Bureaucracy framework, they wrote:The CBFC be renamed the Indian Movie Authority (IMA) and that the primary purpose of the IMA would be to license and regulate private organisations called Independent Certifying Authorities (ICAs) which will then certify films.So, the Hindu group can very well have its own ICA, which will rate the movie on its Sanatana Dharma compliance score. But…The certificate granted by ICA will only restrict what age groups the film is appropriate for. This is the only form of pre-censorship that is necessary in today's age as all other restrictions on film exhibition should be applied retrospectively. The choice of ICAs available for producers to approach will render the question of subjectivity moot as the producer can switch to another ICA if unsatisfied with the certificate. The IMA will set the guidelines for the ICAs to follow and will be the first point of appeal.In other words, this solution reimagines the CBFC as a body that grants licenses to independent and private certification organisations called ICAs. These ICAs must adhere to certain threshold criteria set by the CBFC. Beyond these criteria, some ICAs may specialise themselves as being the sanskaari ones trigger-happy to award an “A” certification, while others may adopt a more liberal approach. In the authors' words:This will allow the marketplace of ideas to draw the lines of what kind of content is fit for what kind of audience with the government still being capable of stepping in to curb prurient sensibilities.This solution has the added benefit of levelling the playing field between OTT content and films. Currently, the CBFC has no capacity to certify the content being churned out on tens of streaming services. By delegating this function to private ICAs, the government can ensure adherence to certification norms.In essence, just as governments can often plug market failures, markets too can sometimes plug government failures. Reforming our ‘Censor Board' requires giving markets a chance.There's much more detail in the paper about grievance redressal, certification guidelines, and appeals procedure. Read it here.HomeWorkReading and listening recommendations on public policy matters* [Podcast] Over at Puliyabaazi, we discuss technology geopolitics with Anirudh Suri, author of The Great Tech Game.* [Paper] Laxman Kumar Behera's take on the defence budget.* [Paper] This paper has a fantastic framework for understanding policy failures and successes. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit publicpolicy.substack.com

India Policy Watch #1: Why We Don't Care About GrowthInsights on burning policy issues in India— RSJEarlier this week, Pranay and I recorded an episode with Shruti Rajagopalan for her podcast Ideas of India. I have been following Shruti's columns and the podcast for a while now, and I will recommend you subscribe to both her podcast and her newsletter. She's always insightful, curious and uses first principles to probe issues. This means you cannot get away with the usual stock answers. One of the questions we discussed at length was why does the Indian electorate not prioritise growth while making their choices at polls. It is an interesting contention whose premise itself can be questioned. How can we conclude that they don't? And then, if we assume for a moment they don't, why do they not? I won't spoil your experience of listening to the episode by going into the details of what we discussed. But I will cover some ground in today's edition on why it seems that people in India don't care about economic growth. And as it often happens in life, this discussion happened in the same week when India published its GDP estimates for the quarter Oct-Dec, 2022. So what I will do today is cover the data released by the National Statistical Office (NSO), take a wider view of what's happening with the economy and round it off with that question that Shruti asked.Here's the headline news on growth: From the ET:“India's gross domestic product (GDP) for the October-December quarter moderated to 4.4 per cent from 6.3 per cent in the previous quarter, data shared by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation showed on Tuesday. The GDP has now moderated from 13.5 per cent in the first quarter of FY23 largely due to pandemic-related statistical distortions.Lower GDP growth can also be attributed to aggressive rate hikes by the Reserve Bank of India in order to tame the high inflation. In addition to these factors, the slowdown in exports and consumer demand has also contributed in bringing down the numbers. The dent in consumer demand can be linked with the bullish rate hikes by the central bank to bring down inflation in the past few months. Meanwhile, slowdown in external demand could be a consequence of the rate hikes by major central banks around the world.”Apart from this, the NSO made revisions to the GDP numbers for FY 22, FY 21, FY 20 and to the first two quarters of this FY. Heh! I'm reminded of that famous quip by a former RBI Governor, ‘In other countries the future is uncertain, but in India even the past is uncertain'. The growth numbers came in as a negative surprise. What's worse, manufacturing showed a contraction for the second quarter in a row. Not a great sign when the government has been pushing for companies to set up a base in India and eyeing that ‘China+1' pie. The WSJ had a summary of the key signs of worry in the Indian economy:“Weakness in private consumption stood out the most. India's private consumer spending, which comprises about 60% of India's gross domestic product, rose just 2.1% year over year, compared with an 8.8% increase in the September quarter. It was mainly hurt by higher interest rates and elevated inflation. Slower growth in rural spending after some pandemic-era subsidies were cut could have also played a role.A closer look at other numbers in the GDP data also paints a worrisome picture. Import growth fell more sharply than export growth, again signalling weak domestic demand. And while fixed investment growth was a relative bright spot, it still slowed for the second quarter in a row.Nomura economists Sonal Varma and Aurodeep Nandi think markets are still significantly underappreciating the risks to India's growth. They say the country's growth cycle has peaked, and a combination of weaker global growth and tight domestic and global financial conditions could spell further trouble for exports, investment and discretionary consumption.”So, what should one make of this data? There's clearly a moderation of growth. Some of it is expected because of the base effect of the pandemic years and the upward revision to growth done for the previous years. It is also true that global demand is weak, so exports will be sluggish for a while. On the other hand, manufacturing growth remaining weak despite all the PLI and ‘Make in India' efforts should worry policymakers. Domestic consumption is starting to feel the impact of rate hikes, and the liquidity situation remains tight. Of course, the data can be spun the other way too. The NSO has maintained its 7 per cent growth forecast for the full year, which implies a 5.1 per cent growth in Q4. Inflation is subsiding, and it is likely that after the potential April rate hike, we will have a pause unless global factors come into play. Also, an expected good monsoon and China opening up post its Zero Covid madness will mean domestic and global demand will be back. So, it is all a mixed bag if you just go by quarterly numbers.I thought it might make sense to look at the long-range data from NSO/CSO and other sources to reach better conclusions than merely reacting to quarter-on-quarter figures. Here's what I learnt:* The primary growth driver since 2015 (keeping the pandemic years aside) has been an increase in factor productivity. When compared to the previous decade, the contribution of capital to growth has come down. Simply put, while we have grown at a 6.5-7 per cent annual rate since 2015, which is similar to what we had between 2005-14, the composition of growth is different. We have become more productive, but we haven't added new capacity to our economy as fast as we did earlier. The good news is factor productivity growth is difficult to achieve, and we have done that. All that talk of digital infrastructure seems to be working. Now, can we reverse capital formation? That's the next point. * Will there be a long-delayed capex boom as has been promised by the government in the last two budgets? The debt to GDP has remained stagnant now for a decade. The total banking sector credit to GDP ratio has been range-bound between 50-55 per cent during this time. Why will it change now? First, the corporate debt to equity and debt to EBITDA are at their lowest right now in over 15 years. The demand for credit from corporates is linked more to the health of their balance sheet than their income statements. The Top 500 companies are sitting on the strongest balance sheets ever right now, and sometime soon, they will have to start believing in what they say at all these business conclaves about India's time being now. Second, there is significant deleveraging in the banking system, and the leverage (assets/equity ratio) among banks is at a multi decade low. Combine this with a decade long real estate slump which is showing signs of turning despite higher interest rates, the mix is right for the capex cycle to start. * Lastly, there are two real risks facing the economy when you go beyond the immediate numbers. The debt to GDP numbers remain elevated at 85-90 per cent range, and the government continues to crowd out others in the debt market. There is some consolidation, as was seen in this budget, but the government has to stay on course to reduce the fiscal deficit and bring the debt-to-GDP ratio back to the 70 per cent handle. The other risk is on the balance of payments (BoP) which will remain in deficit for the foreseeable future. Exports have slowed, and the tightening of the rate differential between India and the US will lower the risk appetite which will impact capital inflow. A longer duration BoP deficit puts India at risk in case of an ‘accident' in the global market.   Anyway, you might think Q3 data or a longer-term view of the economy at the moment should trigger a debate on the economy in the media. That people on the street would be interested in knowing how the government would tackle this, and it should be an important discussion point in mainstream media. But there's none of that anywhere. That leads me back to Shruti's question on why economic growth is not a critical subject of public discourse in India. Pranay and I had three hypotheses for this.First, it is not entirely true that growth isn't a political issue in India. There's been a steady rise in people's expectations of economic growth from the government. State elections are fought on an economic plank more often than not. Almost every party speaks of ‘vikas' without fail. Also, the fact that successive governments see the need to revise (or fudge) growth numbers suggest, in a perverse way, that they know people care about this stuff now.Second, it is true that people in India still don't correlate their immediate economic prospects with the policymaking of the government in power. The only economic indicator that bothers people and that they link back to the government is inflation. And that explains why governments tend to be sensitive to price rise data. Also, with the private sector becoming the primary source of new job creation, people tend to blame them for job creation or losses. The question of why the government doesn't facilitate policies that help the private sector invest and create more jobs isn't of immediate concern to people. Lastly, any discussion on economic growth in India devolves quite quickly to two notions that lots of Indians hold as true. One, we are gifted with the best resources and the best people, so we just have to announce to the world that our time has come, and they will flock to us. This has been exacerbated by a steady stream of global Indians doing well with leading global organisations. So, we think we have a birthright to be a vishwaguru. The WhatsApp forwards certainly don't help in tempering this skewed notion. The problem is this image then confronts the reality of our performance - low per capita income, poor human development parameters, shoddy infrastructure and economic underperformance. This leads our people to the second notion. That the only reason we aren't growing like we rightfully should is because there's some mysterious force stopping us. And this something is easily spun in elections as some other group, some group of ‘them' saboteurs derailing India versus the ‘us' who are trying our best. Almost every growth discussion in India goes down this predictable path - start with asking what will spur more growth, refuse to engage with real issues like factor reforms, inefficient and large footprint of the state, complex tax structure etc., and, soon, come down to who or what forces are stopping us from growing? From there, the discussion is easier, politically speaking. Find the ‘other'. And damn them. This has been the script for over half a century now. As we speak today, the other is either some leftist, global cabal out to sabotage India's inevitable rise or the minority community in India who don't care about growth or progress. There is a likelihood that as income and awareness levels go up, people will draw the link between economic performance and governance and demand better. But this natural progression is up against a concerted narrative and a pliant media that isn't interested in helping explain this link or asking the tough questions. So, we continue to have the spectacle of prime-time debates saturated with all sorts of non-issues on the day when GDP numbers are published. It is easier to blame someone for a problem than to solve it. Addendum— Pranay KotasthaneIt's telling that there are very few recent papers that investigate the link between economic growth and electoral outcomes. But the few that I could find suggest the link between economic growth and political dividends is improving. A 2015 paper by Milan Vaishnav and Reedy Swanson tested this relationship in the period 1980-2012 for major state elections. In the aggregate, there was no statistically significant relationship between growth and electoral performance. But, the picture was different when they looked at just the recent twelve-year section of the study period (2000-2012). Incumbents were rewarded for higher growth, and the relationship held true after controlling for other factors. Contrary to popular belief, they found that inflation didn't impact electoral outcomes, but economic growth did. Another recent paper from 2019 by Bang & Mishra contends that sectoral growth matters more than aggregate growth. Specifically, the agricultural growth rate can propel electoral performance, while services sector growth has no such effect. The paper didn't explain the methodology used, so we should interpret the results with caution. My own unsubstantiated assertion is that the period of fast growth was so short (2003-2008) that it doesn't register as a benchmark in voter decisions. Our reference points are far lower. Middling rates of economic growth without excess volatility are enough to convince us that we are going in the right direction. We might be subconsciously extrapolating this growth rate linearly, hence allowing other factors to outweigh our electoral decisions.Regardless, we need a lot more empirical studies to decode this puzzle. A Framework A Week: A Taxonomy of Policy Failures (and Policy Successes)Tools for thinking about public policy— Pranay KotasthanePolicies can fail due to different reasons. These reasons and diagnostic tools are scattered across several editions of this newsletter. In this edition, I will compile these tools so that we have a single meta-framework for analysing policy failures. The idea is that whenever you witness a policy failure, one of these menu items might help you diagnose it. A word of caution: this taxonomy is neither mutually exclusive (some failures might span multiple frameworks) nor collectively exhaustive (there definitely are other reasons I've not read yet). Nevertheless, it is a useful collection, I think. Framework 1: The Programmatic - Political AxesWe discussed this framework in edition #147. It assesses policy success on two parameters - programmatic efficiency & effectiveness, and political coalition building & communication. The 2x2 matrix below presents four stylised scenarios.The use of the “political work” axis highlights that judgments on policies are often subjective. They are “constructed” in our minds as much as they are outcomes of good craft work. That's why narratives are crucial in policy-making. Framework 2: A Fourfold MeasureAnother framework that we covered in edition #147 builds on the previous framework and devises four parameters of success/failure in order to eliminate getting swayed by narratives alone.Broadly speaking, Programmatic Assessment measures the Effectiveness and Efficiency of a policy. Process Assessment indicates Implementation Capability. Political Assessment measures narrative power.Framework 3: Unpacking Success and FailuresAllan McConnell's paper Policy Success, Policy Failure and Grey Areas In-Between, classifies policies along a spectrum in each of the first three dimensions from the previous framework. The spectrum has the following shades: outright success, resilient success, conflicted success, precarious success, and, finally, outright failure. For instance, here's how this spectrum would look along the Political dimension.This framework helps policy analysts identify contradictions between the different dimensions of policy failures. Some policies might be successful along one dimension but might fare poorly along another. McConnell identifies three typical contradictions:* Successful Process vs Unsuccessful Programmes. These are policies which follow well-established methods of deliberation, such as parliamentary debates, standing committee suggestions, and excellent law drafting. And yet, they might fail as a programme, i.e. they do not achieve the stated goals, and their costs far exceed the benefits. I put policies such as Items Reserved for Manufacture Exclusively by the Smallscale Sector under this category. * Successful Politics vs Unsuccessful Programmes. These are electorally popular policies that governments want to associate with long after their consequences have played out. Yet they fail to achieve the stated goals and impose far higher costs than intended benefits. Probably, the Bombay Rent Control Act and Corporate Social Responsibility Act fall into this category. * Successful Programmes vs Unsuccessful Politics. Until about a year ago, I would have classified the Civil Services Pension Reform of 2004 as an outright success along all dimensions. But with five states having gone back on it already, it's become a classic case of poor coalition-building. There's another common contradiction: Successful Programmes vs Temporal Failures. These are programmes that achieve short-term goals but lead to adverse unintended consequences in the long term. Minimum Support Prices policies for grains and the Bombay Prohibition Act fall under this category. Framework 4: Outlays - Output - OutcomesWe discussed this framework in edition #98. Inputs/Outlays refer to the resources provided to a scheme or project that the government runs. Outlays for a project is no guarantee for success. To measure success, policies or schemes need two other parameters: outputs and outcomes. Outputs refer to the direct and measurable product of program activities, often expressed in physical terms or units. Outcomes, on the other hand, are the long-term benefits that a project or intervention is designed to deliver.…This framework also yields a useful vocabulary for measuring success. We can assess policies in terms of its economy, efficiency, and effectiveness. Economy refers to inputs. It answers the question: are project inputs being purchased at the right price? Efficiency relates to outputs over inputs. It answers the question: what is the relationship between investment in inputs and the outputs that are produced? Effectiveness relates to outcomes over outputs. It answers the question: are outputs leading to the expected outcomes?This framework can help disambiguate implementation failures from “theory of change” failures. Often, implementation failures are caused due to insufficient outlay allocation or corruption, which impedes the conversion of outlays into commensurate outputs. In the case of “theory of change” failures, the assumed linkage between outcomes, outputs, and outlays is found to be incorrect. For example, the theory of change in education policies continues to be that more outlays on government schools and on teacher salaries will result in higher student enrollments, which would eventually lead to better learning outcomes. This linkage doesn't hold strongly, as ASER surveys have shown year after year. What we think of as implementation failures often turn out to be “theory of change” failures under the hood. Framework 5: Violating the Tinbergen RuleEditions #9 and #135 talk about this failure. The more the number of objectives that a policy or institution is supposed to achieve, the more likely it is to fail in achieving any of them. A classic case of failure is that of the traffic police in India — burdened with regulating traffic while its main function is enforcing adherence to traffic rules and regulations.Policies that seek to achieve many goals should raise the alarm in an analyst's mind.Framework 6: Incentive InterferenceThe mother of all policy failures is, of course, ignoring people's preferences and incentives. Bans, price caps, sticky subsidies, and high tax rates meddle with choices and preferences to such an extent that they are almost always counterproductive. HomeWorkReading and listening recommendations on public policy matters* [Article] It is easy to get swept away by the government's rhetoric on industrial policy. So it was a relief to see the Minister of State in MeitY strike a cautionary note about PLI schemes in a Mint report:“Think of PLI as the period during which we are transitioning from a less than fully competitive economy to a fully competitive manufacturing (economy). So the PLI will take care of that interim period. But the economy, the efficiency, the competitiveness, the skills, the logistics, costs, all of that will eventually kick in and make us competitive".As we keep saying, PLI is probably a necessity in today's geopolitical scenario, but it is hardly the solution to our economic woes. There was another article in the Financial Times on similar lines. * [Podcast] Over at Puliyabaazi, we spoke with senior journalist Seema Sirohi, who has closely tracked the India-US relationship for over three decades. Her book Friends with Benefits: The India-US Story is a must-read for anyone interested in this subject.* [Article] Check out S Dinakar's Business Standard piece to know why the Russian crude oil discount is not reflecting in your petrol pump bill. It's a classic case of government price-fixing, using a benchmark that saves government-owned refineries at the cost of consumers. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit publicpolicy.substack.com

We turn 200 editions old today. It has been fun. Thank you for giving us your time. You can do without another self-congratulatory mail in your inbox. So, let's get moving on with a nod to this classic line of Majrooh. मैं अकेला ही चला था जानिब-ए-मंज़िल मगर लोग साथ आते गए और कारवाँ बनता गयाI had set out on this journey all by myselfOthers joined, and it turned into a caravan India Policy Watch #1: Decoding Our MaladiesInsights on burning policy issues in India— RSJTell me the conspiracy theories a society is willing to believe in, and I will tell you about its maladies. Truth is a contested notion in today's world. Maybe it has always been. But there's something clarifying about a conspiracy theory that no truth can match. It is not the conspiracy itself. That often crumbles under the lightest of burden of logic applied to it. The real deal is what prompts the need for the conspiracy. It stems from the irreconcilability of an often irrational belief that many hold with the reality of the world around them. The greater the chasm between the two, the weirder the conspiracy theory. And it is this chasm, this flight from reality, that a conspiracy theory is born to serve. By denying the facts that are around you and leaning on your own right to have an opinion, conspiracy theorists make it easier for you to dismiss inconvenient facts as mere opinions. Once you have painted facts as fabrications of another mind, you get the permission to have your own facts. That's how conspiracy theory works.So, why am I going on about conspiracy theories now? Well, here's Mint:In an article quoted by Hindi Daily, Amar Ujala, the RSS mouthpiece said that a group of Indians has created a negative narrative against Adani. The article pinned blame on an ‘Indian lobby which includes the country's famous propaganda websites associated with leftist ideology'. Harping on an ideological and political warfare, the article further stated that this attack is very similar to how ‘anti-India' George Soros ruined the Bank of England and the Bank of Thailand.He claimed that this controversy did not start on January 25 after the Hinderburg report, but it already began in 2016-17 in Australia. According to the RSS mouthpiece, an Australian NGO called Bob Brown Foundation (BBF) manages an exclusive website only to defame Indian Industrialist Gautam Adani. Marking out NGOs and websites in India, the Amar Ujala article singled out an alleged contribution of Azim Premji's NGO to the Independent and Public-Spirited Media Foundation. The article alleged that left-minded media houses and NGOs were behind the sudden turmoil of the Adani Group.”So there you have it. I suspect this thing isn't going to die away soon. This is a useful pot to keep stirring. A few leaks about CBI or ED investigations every few months will give enough ammunition for future reports or allegations about the Adani group. Once you have brought in left-minded NGOs into the picture, there's open season for all sorts of conspiracy theories to pop up in future. The speed of response to any future report will improve from here on. Soros is at it again with our leftists will be the first cry. I often wonder what a busy life that man must be leading.Let us first get the theory out of the way. The short-seller interest in the Adani group of companies wasn't because a five-member research group could dig out already existing information about it that could raise questions about stock manipulation and governance. No. It was because, and mark my words carefully now, a leftist cabal of anti-India forces led by a foundation run by India's greatest philanthropist who happens to be Muslim. Their intention was to stop the apparently unstoppable rise of India by knocking the Adani group off their perch because, after all, the two are now inseparable. When the stocks went up all these years, there was no conspiracy to suggest why they went up. It was all market. But not when they crashed. Also, what a convoluted and low-probability way to go about such an agenda. All these conspirators, after putting their minds together to find the best way to spread chaos in the financial system, came up with the bright idea that we must get Hindenburg to write a report. What are the odds that someone could predict the sequence of events after the report? That all of this was intended. Pretty low if you use your judgment.This brings me to the earliest, and still the most cogent, criticism of conspiracy theories by my favourite thinker, Karl Popper. He coined a term to collectively describe this phenomenon: “The Conspiracy Theory of Society”. His point was simple. It comforts many people to believe that history is a product of intended actions by individuals or groups driven by certain beliefs or ideologies (or conspiracy theories). In my words, people believe in conspiracy theories because they aren't Bayesian.Anyway, he wrote:“The conspiracy theory of society is just a version of… theism, of a belief in gods whose whims and wills rule everything…. The conspiracy theorists will believe that institutions can be understood completely as the result of conscious design; and as to collectives, he usually ascribes to them a kind of group-personality, treating them as conspiring agents, just as if they were individual men.”So, there is a leftist cabal running across the world who are all working in tandem with such precision and impact that you wonder why they are not using such superpowers to actually rule the world. Why are they the underdogs? Popper had a counterintuitive answer for this too. The grand theories of this kind become real when the people who believe in them gain power. Because then any failing which is natural (or otherwise) during governance can be ascribed to a conspiracy. The mythical realm of the conspirators and their powers grows because those in power stoke them.As Popper wrote:"The conspiracy theory of society is very widespread, and has very little truth in it. Only when conspiracy theoreticians come into power does it become something like a theory that accounts for things which actually happen (a case of what I have called the ‘Oedipus Effect'). For example, when Hitler came into power, believing in the conspiracy myth of the Learned Elders of Zion, he tried to outdo their conspiracy with his own counter-conspiracy."The problem with ascribing such wide-ranging power to a super-effective cabal is the old human problem of screwing up. Humans make mistakes, and they don't anticipate the unintended. If the state with all its powers can fail in this, why shouldn't a mysterious, underground group of conspirators? For Popper, if every event is due to intentional successful planning by conspirators, where does it account for human stupidity and their history of not translating intents to actions? Most of the consequences of our actions are not in our control, and the best-laid plans of men and mice often go awry, as the bard said. This is the strongest argument against any ‘conspiracy theory of society'. As he wrote:“It is one of the striking things about social life that nothing ever comes off as intended. Things always turn out a little bit differently. We hardly ever produce in social life precisely the effect that we wish to produce, and we usually get things that we do not want into the bargain."Anyway, that possibly explains why such theories are usually bunkum. Coming back to the point that I started out with - what does it tell us about our society when we have such conspiracy theories being spread around by mainstream and social media platforms? I have three opinions to offer here. First, despite evidence of the past, we love personality cults. We believe in the idea of a man of destiny who will change our fortunes. So, it is easy for anyone to lead us on to the line that a charge against the Adani group is a charge against PM Modi, which is, therefore, a conspiracy to destabilise India. The logical improbability of this sequence comes up short against the irrational belief in the cult. Second, there was always an underlying natural scepticism in Indian society about the wealthy and their ways. The usual lament that captured this was that line often used in Hindi films - “sab saale chor hain.” Like any strain of scepticism, it was both wrong and occasionally healthy for a society to harbour. What we have now is the willingness to abandon this sense of scepticism in favour of vishwaas. It would have been a welcome change had it been an abandoning of scepticism about the markets as against a particular group. But, alas, no one is cooking conspiracy theories to support freedom and markets. Lastly, the ease with which the conspiracy theory could bring in a Muslim entrepreneur with an impeccable track record in business and possibly, one of India's greatest philanthropists, tells you where the conspiracy theorists want you to be led. There's not much to explain here. It is sad.Like I said earlier, this is a pot that will keep getting stirred because it is a pot that will keep giving. You might ask how do you know that the conspiracy theorists aren't right. Well, I don't know, but it is good to retain scepticism on both views. I'm sure Popper would have had something to say here. In fact, he does:“It is a great step forward to learn to be self-critical; to learn to think that the other fellow may be right - more right than ourselves. But there is a great danger involved in this… for it is more likely that both, we ourselves and the other fellow, are wrong.”A free society is, by definition, a sceptical society.India Policy Watch #2: Five Imperatives for the Future of Indian Public Policy Insights on burning policy issues in India— Pranay KotasthaneIn analysing emergent public policy developments every week, there's a risk of losing sight of the big picture. So for our two-hundredth edition, I want to step back and reflect on what I feel are imperatives for Indian public policy going ahead. These, to me, are five goalposts we should not lose sight of.One, The imperative of "societism" - We must restore the balance between the state, market, and society.We are at a juncture where the weaknesses of all three agents of change are apparent. Society is increasingly majoritarian, the State's internal balancing mechanisms are flailing, and market concentration across sectors is rising. The Indian Republic was meant to be the primary vehicle of a social revolution. Seventy-five years later, its primacy has only been cemented. So much so that a large section of Indian society wants to deploy the same State apparatus for another social revolution — one whose goals are quite different.The crucial point is that solutions to today's social failures, such as affective polarisation and majoritarianism, must come from society. These aren't market failures that the State can rectify or government failures that better bureaucratic design can fix. We need to understand how to build social capital in the Information Age, where political leanings tend to predetermine social interactions. We must invest in new ways to build “bridging social capital” that brings people from different walks of life together. Just as Hindutva is a social movement, its response must also be many social movements. Two, getting the Indian State to do fewer things and doing them well.The paradox of the Indian State—as we have discussed many times in this newsletter—is that it's too big and too small simultaneously. It's omni-absent. It is big in terms of its ambition but small in terms of its competence. The developmental departments of the governments are quite small and understaffed. The State's performance on its core responsibilities—public services, law and order, primary health, or education—is consistently pathetic. So much so that most people have begun to think of the State as a means for other ends, such as pride, or for honouring their religious and linguistic asmita (identity).We must go back to holding the State accountable for its core functions. Three, the imperative of strengthening the Indian RepublicFar too often, we have allowed the Indian Republic to be sacrificed on the altar of democracy. It is the Indian Republic that prevents a majority from using its coercive power against individuals or groups with lesser power. The Indian Republic prohibits the majority from running roughshod based on its numerical strength. In a Republic like India, the Constitution limits the power of governments and groups to protect an individual's rights. It is the Republic that grants fundamental rights to individuals to live, work and even protest. Strengthening it is our only chance. Four, the imperative of economic growthMany of our problems will become less burdensome if we become richer. We must not forget that a GDP per capita of merely $2500 is our biggest national weakness. We cannot redistribute our way out of such a poor country — there just aren't enough rich persons to redistribute from. Global inequality is overwhelmingly between countries, not within countries. Inequality reduction is overwhelmingly a national task. And you cannot do redistribution if your income levels are low, as the size of the economic pie is too small to create a difference meaningfully. Rich country governments spend up to 40% of GDP precisely because they can collect higher revenues from a more affluent population, even at low tax rates.Without economic growth, there can be no well-being, happiness, or sustainability. Five: The Imperative of HopeIn today's times, uncertainty engenders anxiety. Anxiety engenders distrust. And distrust engenders defeatism. And hence, we need hope to place us in the right frame of mind while confronting new challenges. We need to document government, society, and market successes. We must recognise that Indians have overcome seemingly insurmountable challenges several times in the past. Matsyanyaaya: High-tech Geopolitics in the Post-pandemic WorldBig fish eating small fish = Foreign Policy in action— Pranay KotasthaneHere are four significant trends in high-tech geopolitics from my recent Takshashila Working Paper. One, trade wars are likely to be tech wars at their core. Nuclear weapons make large-scale conventional conflict unlikely. Similarly, globalisation has made any large-scale economic decoupling unfeasible. But the backstops in the high-technology domain are not understood well enough. Moreover, the emphasis on the importance of high-technology to national power means that governments are willing to incur the costs of high-technology decoupling. This decoupling might happen at the level of materials, machines, humans, and ideas. The precise pathway will be technology-specific.Two, aggressive national competition over high-technology might produce some non-linear breakthroughs this decade. The literature on national innovation suggests that a nation-state's net negative balance of security concerns (termed ‘creative insecurity') helps explain why only some nation-states choose to focus on innovation. Given that leading powers increasingly feel ‘creatively insecure', national policies will focus on innovation more than before, sometimes at the expense of consumers and other policy priorities. Regardless, this situation sets the stage for some key breakthroughs. This is not unlike the Sputnik moment when a beachball-sized artificial satellite led to a drastic change in science and innovation policies in the US.Three, there will be higher alignment between private high-technology players and their national governments. The position of Intel in China illustrates this change. Until as late as November 2021, Intel was deeply interested in China. A WSJ report showed that Intel is among the active investors in a Chinese Electronic Design Automation (EDA) firm. Another Bloomberg report pointed out that Intel wanted to build a fab in Chengdu. Both these stages of the semiconductor value chain are precisely where the US had planned to restrict Chinese access. But after the CHIPS Act was announced, Intel dropped its plans to start a new fab in China. Instead, it now plans to invest more in the US, even though making chips there is much costlier. These flips are likely to become more commonplace.Four, we will likely encounter selective international cooperation on high-technology subject to geopolitical considerations. High-technology ecosystems are transnational; they rely on comparative advantages to accelerate innovation. To get ahead of each other, high-technology powers such as the US and China are likely to transfer technologies to their respective partners, provided these strengths are complementary. Such cooperation was recently seen in the AUKUS deal and then in the iCET announcement on GE jet engines.HomeWorkReading and listening recommendations on public policy matters* [Podcast] Over at Puliyabaazi, Pranay Lal gives a riveting account of India's natural history* [Paper] A useful conceptual framework of defence innovation This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit publicpolicy.substack.com

Global Policy Watch: Woe Vs RaidInsights on policy issues making news around the World - RSJOn Friday, Justice Samuel Alito along with the conservative bloc of the US Supreme Court (SCOTUS) overturned the landmark Roe v Wade judgment that had granted women a federal right to terminate a pregnancy about half a century ago. The conservative raid into the SCOTUS that started with the efforts of Bush Jr and concluded with Trump appointing three judges during his term has delivered to the great woe of the progressives. The learned judges searched for the word abortion in the Constitution. And to their surprise, they figured it just wasn't there. To quote:We hold that Roe and Casey must be overruled. The Constitution makes no reference to abortion, and no such right is implicitly protected by any constitutional provision, including the one on which the defenders of Roe and Casey now chiefly rely—the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. That provision has been held to guarantee some rights that are not mentioned in the Constitution, but any such right must be “deeply rooted in this Nation’s history and tradition” and “implicit in the concept of ordered liberty.”  The right to abortion does not fall within this category. Until the latter part of the 20th century, such a right was entirely unknown in American law. Indeed, when the Fourteenth Amendment was adopted, three quarters of the States made abortion a crime at all stages of pregnancy. The abortion right is also critically different from any other right that this Court has held to fall within the Fourteenth Amendment’s protection of “liberty.” Roe’s defenders characterize the abortion right as similar to the rights recognized in past decisions involving matters such as intimate sexual relations, contraception, and marriage, but abortion is fundamentally different, as both Roe and Casey acknowledged, because it destroys what those decisions called “fetal life” and what the law now before us describes as an “unborn human being.”Roe was egregiously wrong from the start. Its reasoning was exceptionally weak, and the decision has had damaging consequences. And far from bringing about a national settlement of the abortion issue, Roe and Casey have enflamed debate and deepened division.Strong stuff. But with a minor problem. I’m not sure SCOTUS has always stayed away from subjects that don’t have a reference to them in the Constitution like the learned judges have claimed. I mean I have gone through the US Constitution and the Declaration of Independence document a few times. I could have also told them they won’t find a reference to abortion there. But I didn’t find the word woman in them either. No idea how that section of the human species got all sorts of rights in the US then. Also, missing from the Constitution are references to wild house parties involving strippers, or to tomatoes, home video recording, or swats to your bottom with a paddle to name just a few of my favourite things. But these are all things on whom the Court has delivered verdicts. Read them if your life is as boring as mine: Wild house parties involving strippers. Is the tomato a fruit or vegetable? The Betamax case of using a home recording device. And the case of the Principal who delivered 20 swats with a paddle to his pupil James. The SCOTUS has opined on them all. So, you see the judges aren’t exactly being consistent with precedence here. And they are setting new dubious benchmarks. There have been numerous instances of the Court striking down past judgments to grant more rights. Not to take them away. This is a repudiation of a lot of truths that progressives take for granted. That the arc of history in the long term bends towards moral justice. Or, that gains on individual liberty that survive more than a generation become irreversible. Apparently not. So, we have the US now joining El Salvador, Poland and Nicaragua in the list of countries that have rolled back abortion rights in the last three decades. About 26 states will make abortion illegal or restrict it on the back of this judgment with immediate effect. It is all quite remarkable. Some days you try and make sense of the pitched battles on the US cultural landscape: on how to use pronouns - he, she, they, it, them, their; or the definition of woman; or cancelling J.K. Rowling because she is a TERF. The terms of such debates are so rarefied that you need a primer first to understand the language being used before you can come to the substantive issues. And while they busy themselves in an ever-splintering contest of being ‘purer’ than the other, the rug gets pulled from under their feet with a judgment that rolls back years of hard-fought wins on women’s autonomy on their bodies, individual liberty and female reproductive health and safety. Now more than half the states are readying themselves to implement it tomorrow. It reinforces my view that any ideology or “-ism” isn’t threatened by its rival but by the absolute section of its own adherents. The desire to finish off the ‘near enemy” is stronger than fighting the real one. Some day the ‘trads’ and ‘raitas’ of Indian wrong wing will also get there. It is a point I have made a few times in explaining Schmitt’s notion of an enemy being essential for a political ideology to flourish.It is not that progressive are alone in this kind of hypocrisy. The same conservatives who value the life of a foetus or of those who are ‘unborn’ don’t see any problem in defending the ‘gun culture’ that takes away more than fifty thousand lives every year. For some convoluted reasons, those lives are an acceptable cost to pay for the right to possess firearms. It is sad yet funny to an outsider looking in.  This won’t stop here. The conservative majority in the SCOTUS took decades, and a lot of good fortune, to come to fruition. They will make the most of it. Justice Clarence Thomas gave a sense of what is to come in his concurring note to this ruling:“In future cases, we should reconsider all of this court’s substantive due process precedents, including Griswold, Lawrence, and Obergefell.”Quick reminder. Griswold v Connecticut is about a married couple’s right to use contraception without state interference. Lawrence v Texas restricts the states from criminalising sodomy, and Obergefell v Hodges established the right for same-sex couples to marry in 2015. Justice Thomas might be alone now in raking these up. But something tells me that the genie is out now.For all its pretensions, ideology reduces itself to three functional truths. Find something to hate viscerally, over-extend the shadow of your ideology to all realms of a citizen’s life and protect yourself by sanctifying a core principle within the ideology that cannot be made profane. You will enjoy the fruits of power while future generations will foot the bill. We are now on an overdrive of ideology on both sides of the partisan divide.  Stepping back there are three points I want to make here about what this reversal could mean from the seemingly ineluctable path the American society was marching on since the civil rights movement of the 60s. First, the tyranny of the well-organised minority in a democracy is real. American society isn’t as divided on the issue of abortion as it was decades back. Roe v Wade didn’t ‘deepen division and enflamed debate’ as Justice Alito puts it. I went through Pew and Gallup surveys over the years on people’s attitudes towards abortion. It is safe to say anywhere between 60 - 80 per cent of Americans are against the idea of making abortion illegal. Most of the remaining too don’t hold extreme positions on this topic. Maybe there’s a 15 per cent minority of evangelicals and Catholics concentrated in certain states that hold views that have been upheld by the SC. Yet they have prevailed because single-issue voters like them matter in the Republican primaries and in winning the swing states. This is what explains Trump’s base among these groups despite his standing for everything they abhor on moral grounds. And once you establish this ‘tyranny of minority’, you can override the silent majority. Because the benefits are concentrated with them while the costs are diffused among the majority. It is not as if the founding framers of the US Constitution were unaware of this risk. Alexander Hamilton in Federalist Papers #22 (1788) had cautioned:“To give a minority a negative upon the majority (which is always the case where more than a majority is requisite to a decision), is, in its tendency, to subject the sense of the greater number to that of the lesser.If a pertinacious minority can control the opinion of a majority, respecting the best mode of conducting it, the majority, in order that something may be done, must conform to the views of the minority; and thus the sense of the smaller number will overrule that of the greater, and give a tone to the national proceedings. Hence, tedious delays; continual negotiation and intrigue; contemptible compromises of the public good.” This is the reality. The only way to deal with this is for the opponents to mobilise themselves into a single issue minority that counters this or to wait for this to splinter on its own. Neither seems possible at this time in the US. But the broader message on how a minority cause can overturn a majority consensus will not be lost on many who champion fringe causes. And this is also the reason one shouldn’t casually dismiss any voice even in India as fringe as we tend to do. Fringe swings votes and influences the social and cultural agenda of political parties. It is wise to remember that when considering the statements of Yati Narsinghanand or Nupur Sharma. Second, the concurrence note by Justice Thomas that refers to other hot-button conservative cultural causes will play out in a certain way. It is important to understand this. As he wrote:“we have a duty to “correct the error” established in those precedents …. After overruling these demonstrably erroneous decisions, the question would remain whether other constitutional provisions guarantee the myriad rights that our substantive due process cases have generated.”What Justice Thomas has done is in public policy called ‘shifting the Overton window’. What was earlier not in the realm of discussion or consideration now comes into play. The terms of reference for the cultural debate to be played out in courts have been widened with those lines. This will have an impact on the decisions made in numerous lower courts. Lives will be affected. Lastly, I come back to a point I have made before about the sanctity of Courts directing social norms in a top-down fashion as it was first done in Roe v Wade and the manner of overturning it on Friday. A bit of context will help here.The conservative preference is for any social change to be gradual. Societal change is shaped through the many eddies of debates and protests that resist the flow of the mainstream. As they gain wider acceptance, they begin changing the course of flow of social norms. This could be painstakingly slow, but it makes change acceptable and sustainable. For the conservatives, the role of the judges is to apply laws, not to create them. Going beyond this brief becomes judicial activism. So, the original conservative view was that all issues of public or social policy should be discussed and debated by the legislative and executive branches of the state that represents the society. Courts resolve disputes following the written-down law while sending back any ambiguities to the legislative arm for approval.The liberal position, as it has evolved over time, is marked with suspicion of the society reforming itself. The classical liberal approach to this problem was to accelerate the process of change in society. This was to be achieved through a combined political, social and cultural assault on the bastions of conservatism in the society. This led to the portrait of a liberal as a perpetual activist in a constant state of mobilisation to upend existing norms. The liberal belief that society must change from within was no different from the conservative stance. The difference was between the need to induce change through proactive measures and the speed of change. This need for speed eventually led the liberals to the courts.Based on the evidence it can be argued the conservatives have lost the argument. The courts are at the front and centre of social policy-making today. The many historic judgments that cleave the US society are evidence of it. The legislative arms of the state representing the society aren’t drafting these laws.But here’s the irony. The conservatives have co-opted the liberal model. With a few strokes of good fortune, the single-minded agenda of turning the US SC bench into a conservative majority has been fruitful. The peril of pushing social change into the cabins of a powerful, centralised and autonomous institution is clear to the liberals now when the shoe is on the other foot. A blunt instrument doesn’t look blunt till it is in the hands of your adversary. The path of wresting back control to society will be long and arduous. Roe v Wade verdict in 1973 was ahead of its time. It was imposed on a society where the majority weren’t onboard. It bred resentment and a counter-movement. Justice Alito’s verdict on Friday takes us back in time. It too is imposed on a society where the majority isn’t with it. The Court is either ahead or behind the times in which they live.And it is on this subject, I come to the only line that I agreed with in Justice Alito’s 213-paged judgment:It is time to heed the Constitution and return the issue of abortion to the people’s elected representatives. “The permissibility of abortion, and the limitations, upon it, are to be resolved like most important questions in our democracy: by citizens trying to persuade one another and then voting.”That’s the way it should always be. Back in 1973. In 2022. And in future.Addendum— Pranay KotasthaneI don’t follow American politics. I’m also cognizant of my ignorance of the context of the abortion debate. And so I’ll stick to three broader points of comparison between the Indian and American political systems. First, this case brings the Constitutional Immutability Dilemma into focus. The underlying reasoning of the judgment is that the American constitution makes no specific reference to a right to obtain an abortion. The cases Roe and Casey tried to link it with other rights, which the current Court did not find acceptable. As an Indian observer, one would think that the constitution should’ve been amended to insert this right expressly, but that’s where the Constitutional Immutability Dilemma kicks in — how amendable should a constitution be after all?To resolve this dilemma, India and the US pick opposite ends. Amending the American constitution requires fulfilling extraordinary conditions, and hence just 27 amendments have been made in its nearly 250-year-old history. On the other hand, amending the Indian constitution is far easier. The latter’s mutability often attracts criticism on these lines—“a document that flexible is a periodical, not a constitution”. However, I’ve always been sceptical of that view. Constitutions are neither sacred books nor indisputable words of a supernatural force. Allowing subsequent generations to alter the constitution through their elected representatives is perhaps a better equilibrium than relying on future judges’ interpretations of an inflexible constitution. Ambedkar, in fact, cited Jefferson in defence of this choice:“We may consider each generation as a distinct nation, with a right, by the will of the majority, to bind themselves, but none to bind the succeeding generation, more than the inhabitants of another country.”As this case illustrates, having rigid conditions for amendments open the door for partisan court benches to interpret the constitution as per their ideological worldviews. At the very least, I submit that a periodical is not worse than an immutable book. The working of a constitution is dependent on many factors outside the nature of the constitution itself. These lines from Ambedkar’s Constituent Assembly speech reverberate today:“..however good a Constitution may be, it is sure to turn out bad because those who are called to work it, happen to be a bad lot. However bad a Constitution may be, it may turn out to be good if those who are called to work it, happen to be a good lot. The working of a Constitution does not depend wholly upon the nature of the Constitution. The Constitution can provide only the organs of State such as the Legislature, the Executive and the Judiciary. The factors on which the working of those organs of the State depend are the people and the political parties they will set up as their instruments to carry out their wishes and their politics. Who can say how the people of India and their purposes or will they prefer revolutionary methods of achieving them?… It is, therefore, futile to pass any judgment upon the Constitution without reference to the part which the people and their parties are likely to pay.Second, every polity has its unique set of ‘sacred cows’—issues involving such deference and passion that logical arguments stand no chance. For reasons of historical path dependence, these issues over time become wicked, insurmountable problems. Guns and pro-life are two such sacred cow issues of the American polity. To an external observer, the solutions might seem absurdly simple. But to someone in the midst of it all, the issue seems intractable. India too has many such sacred cow issues, one of which is the sacred cow itself. Third, the judiciary often ends up confusing itself for the politician. These lines from the judgment are instructive: “And far from bringing about a national settlement of the abortion issue, Roe and Casey have enflamed debate and deepened division.” Why should it be a court’s problem if its judgment has led to more division? Is it a Panchayat that needs to come to a mandavali (negotiated settlement) or should it only be concerned with the Constitutional provisions? These questions keep making a frequent appearance in India. Looks like they aren’t settled yet in the US as well. Course Advertisement: Admissions for the Sept 2022 cohort of Takshashila’s Graduate Certificate in Public Policy programme are now open! Apply by 23rd July for a 10% early bird scholarship. Visit this link to apply.India Policy Watch: Pension TensionInsights on burning policy issues in India— Pranay KotasthaneThe protests against the Agnipath scheme seem to have peaked. This gives us an opportunity to step back and look at the issue dispassionately. We have already looked at the Agnipath scheme in some detail last week. This time around, I’ll focus on the underlying motivation behind this scheme: India’s defence pension bill. In the Hindustan Times, I present a short history of India’s pension bill. "Before 1965, soldiers below officer ranks were recruited through a mechanism resembling Agnipath in the sense that they served seven years of compulsory service and didn’t receive a pension on retirement. This service period was first raised in 1965 to 10 years for bulking the armed forces after the 1962 defeat. Since a pension required a minimum service of 15 years, most soldiers still didn’t qualify.In 1976, this ten-year service term increased to 17 years, meaning every soldier in normal circumstances qualified for a pension on retirement. With the welcome development of a rising life expectancy, there was also a steady increase in the number of pensioners. The combined effect of these factors was a rapid rise in the pension bill. From Rs 228 crores in FY81, the pension expenditure galloped to Rs 5923 crores by FY99.The Kargil Review Committee (1999) set off the alarm bells over the pension issue, mooting the idea of reducing the service term to 7-10 years. As an alternative, the committee also proposed an inverse lateral induction mechanism, whereby a paramilitary force recruit would be deputed to the armed forces for seven years and repatriated back to the parent organisation after that. Through this mechanism, the experienced soldiers could be retained in the national security system longer while reducing the pension bill. None of these alternatives received the political nod. Meanwhile, in 2004, the union government was able to find a long-term solution for pensioners from the civil services cadre. While continuing to pay pensions of all current employees, the government moved its incoming employees recruited after 1 Jan 2004 to the National Pension System (NPS). NPS is a “defined contribution” scheme, where the pension is paid out of a corpus the employee and the government co-create over the employment period. Over time, this move will likely make the pension bill sustainable, as the liability is not being passed on exclusively to future taxpayers. However, armed forces personnel were kept out of this reform, mainly because non-officer rank soldiers retiring after a short 15-year service would not be able to build a robust corpus, unlike their civilian counterparts who were in service for twice that period. The lost opportunity in 2004 proved to be costly. By 2014, the public discourse had shifted in the opposite direction. Rather than customise the NPS to soldiers’ requirements—which would have been an ideal long-term solution—the NDA government implemented the One Rank One Pension (OROP) scheme. By agreeing to a “defined benefit” scheme that resets periodically based on current employee compensation, the union government unthinkingly committed itself to a perpetually fast-growing liability. While the government was happy to kick the can down the road, the COVID-19 pandemic was a wake-up call. On the one hand, government finances were thrown off balance. On the other, the border stand-off with China drove home the point that defence reforms are not just essential but also urgent. The creation of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) position was the first step. General Bipin Rawat repeatedly drew attention to the unsustainable defence pensions. During his tenure, a few alternatives were discussed. Each available option came with its own set of implementation challenges. Out of this imperfect set, the government chose to reduce the default service term to four years, labelling it as the Agnipath scheme.In the Times of India, I try to estimate the defence pension savings arising from Agnipath:Over the long term, it has the potential to reduce the pension burden substantially. At the same time, the scheme will not directly impact the allocations for modernisation in the short term. Here’s why.Agniveers recruited today are replacing soldiers who would have retired approximately 15 years from now. The purported pension savings would start accruing only after a decade-and-half. As for the size of savings, we created a basic model from publicly available data. Our thumb rule suggests that the net present value of all future pension outflows per soldier is Rs 1 crore. The actual savings might be higher. Reports on the initial proposal by the Indian Army for a three-year Tour of Duty put the prospective lifetime savings per soldier at nearly ten times our estimate.Arriving at an accurate figure is difficult as the government does not release the split-up of total pension expenditures between officers, soldiers, and defence civilians. To get around this data hole, we assumed that the average pension of a retiring officer is 3.5 times the average pension of a retiring soldier. To calculate the total pension outflow per soldier, we assumed that a soldier receives a pension for 29 years on average, i.e. the difference between average life expectancy (69) and the retiring age of a soldier (40). Further, since pension outflows happen over several years in the future, we use the Net Present Value (NPV) method to determine the current value of all future payments. For simplicity, we assume that the pension is indexed to the discount rate. Using even this extremely conservative model suggests significant long-term gains. Allowing 75% of the Agniveers recruited this year to let go after four years alone has a net present value of approximately Rs 34500 crores.As highlighted earlier, these savings will accrue only after 15 years. But just as today’s deficits are tomorrow’s taxes, today’s reforms become tomorrow’s savings. Through Agnipath, the government can manage pension expenditures over the long term.Finally, this entire defence pension debate has three important lessons in public policy.First, secrecy is the enemy of public policy. Kelkar & Shah, in their book In Service of the Republic, identify secrecy levels as one of the barriers to building state capacity. They write that it is harder to achieve state capacity in areas closed to open feedback and criticism. The defence pension debate is a good illustration of their assessment. As a policy analyst, the sad feature of this entire debate over defence pension is the complete absence of good data. Believe it or not, the government does not release defence pension data beyond the aggregate numbers listed in the budget documents. For example, we still don’t know how this Rs 1 Trillion amount is split up between officers, non-officers, and defence civilians. In the absence of this foundational information, myths abound (We tried to tackle five common myths in ThePrint). Moreover, without good data, the policy pipeline is clean-bowled at the very first step. There are no good models or projections to inform a cost-benefit analysis. Second, is the absolute need for ex-ante fiscal projections of government plans. Seemingly innocuous changes in pension policies can have hard-to-reverse adverse effects. An institution such as an Independent Fiscal Council can help the people and politicians understand the financial consequences of such plans even before they are implemented.Finally, I liken pension reforms to six-day test matches. Reducing employees' pensions while they are in service would be an immoral breach of trust. And hence, all pension reform options can only tackle future employees. Reforms done today can at best contain the rise in spending a couple of decades later when these yet-to-be-hired employees retire. Hence, it is imperative to exercise caution on pension policies at the inception stage. HomeWorkReading and listening recommendations on public policy matters[Articles] In #171, we discussed two missing meta-institutions in India. This week, a couple of excellent articles throw light on two other missing mechanisms. KP Krishnan in Business Standard writes about the need for an independent evaluation mechanism for statutory regulatory authorities. Rajya Sabha MP Sujeet Kumar, Vedant Monger, and Vikram Vennelakanti propose a method for formalised impact assessments before and after any law/scheme get a go-ahead.[Audiobook] The late Richard Baum’s The Fall and Rise of China lectures are terrific.[Podcast] Over at Puliyabaazi, we discuss Agnipath and related issues.* Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, 1790 This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit publicpolicy.substack.com

Hey all, our little newsletter hits a 150 with this edition! That’s about 600,000+ words. We also completed two years of bringing you Anticipating The Unintended last month. The process has been rewarding for us (heh, what else can we say about a free newsletter, really?). We hope it’s been of use to you. Thank you for your attention and time. We will be grateful to hear from you.India Policy Watch #1: Two Indias Insights on burning policy issues in India— RSJIn the old debate between growth versus equality, we have consistently batted for growth in the Indian context. Like we have written earlier (“What Drives Rapid Economic Growth”), economic growth is a moral imperative for policymaking in India. Other things, like equality, climate impact or anything else, are important but if you have to make the trade-offs like it is inevitable in policymaking, you should accord a higher priority to growth over them. This doesn’t endear us to many. How can you not think of carbon emissions, sustainability or the planet for future generations, they ask? Our point remains simple. You need to prioritise when you have limited resources and a thin state capacity. There are millions of great causes to serve in this world but the state cannot be expected to solve all of them. Falling for such demands that are more appropriate for an economy more advanced than India will distract us from our core objective - lifting millions of Indians out of poverty. And trust us, if you don’t do this, you won’t achieve any of the other exalted goals too. In the three decades since the reforms of 1991, we have achieved more on this objective than the previous four. Maybe in the process, we have got a few more billionaires in India. It shouldn’t matter so long as competition is free and individual liberty is sacrosanct. Those should be the only limiting conditions for acting on growth. DoubtBut there are weeks when I question this. This is one of those weeks. You see, the underlying assumption in our argument is that there should be growth. Not just any growth. But one that’s sustainable with expectations of trickle-down benefits. So, when the latest GDP print for the quarter ended September 2021 came out last week, it made me pause. The GDP grew at 8.4 per cent over the same period last year and it is likely (unless a third wave hits us) if this trend continues, we might see double-digit full-year growth. The usual chest-thumping about being the world's fastest-growing economy followed soon after. However, parsing the GDP data a bit more and also taking a broader view of the macroeconomy might be useful in appreciating what kind of growth we are seeing here.The real GDP at ₹35.7 lakh crores is about 0.33 per cent higher than the period ended September 2019. That is we have lost two years of growth in the pandemic. And remember, we were already slowing down considerably at this time two years ago. So, it wasn’t a great base, to begin with. But this isn’t all. A significant part of this growth has been contributed by government spending in public administration and defence which grew by over 17 per cent. The capital spending by the union government this year is up almost 25 per cent over the last year. Private consumption which has been a significant driver of the Indian economy over the last two decades is still below pandemic levels. So are other sectors like construction, travel, hospitality and logistics that employ the bulk of semi and low skilled labour. There are a few bright spots but with caveats. Agriculture grew at a healthy rate of 4.5 per cent but it is likely the rural spending power is getting negated by the rise in inflation. The recovery has been good so far but it isn’t as robust as in the US and China who recovered to pre-pandemic levels earlier than India by a few quarters. The US is expected to grow at 6 per cent while China will likely end up with 8 per cent growth this year on their kind of GDP base. On the other hand, the GST collections continue to be at over Rs 1.2 lakh crores and growing at a steady clip of over 25 per cent. The direct collections are expected to beat the annual target of Rs. 11 lakh crores. That apart, the companies belonging to the Nifty 50 index have seen record profits in H1 of this fiscal. How does one reconcile the almost no growth scenario of the last two years and the lower than pre-pandemic levels of consumption with the record tax collections and profits? The Voiceless Informal EconomyOne reason is possibly better tax compliance because of digitisation and surveillance tools now available that make evasion difficult. The other and more compelling reason is the formalisation of the economy. The pandemic has had a disproportionate impact on the informal economy who struggled to cope with frequent lockdowns, lack of migrant labour to run their establishments and health risks of the pandemic. You perhaps bought your vegetables and fruits from a stall in the local market earlier. The lockdown meant neither of you could transact. You then shifted to an online vendor who delivers it to your doorsteps in less than ten minutes. And you never went back to your older routine. The earlier transactions of this kind were mostly going below the radar. Now they are captured as part of the formal economy and show up in GST numbers. But what about that vegetable vendor? They have lost their livelihood. And this isn’t just an isolated instance. A large shift to the formal economy has happened across sectors among the consuming class. This has hit the informal economy hard. No wonder the labour participation rates at this moment are the lowest in over a decade. We had seen a similar trend in GDP right after the initial shock of demonetisation where the formal economy which gets measured easily and more frequently showed robust growth while the drag of the informal economy showed up later. This time around the pain in the informal economy could be worse. The GDP growth and record GST collections and corporate profits must be seen in this light. The overall pie might have shrunk while the formal economy part has grown. This might not be the growth of the moral imperative kind that we argue for here. Monetary Policy FTWThe other point to consider is the monetary policy India has followed through the pandemic. The fiscal space was constrained even before the pandemic. All the ‘₹20 lakh crores package’ grandstanding aside, it was clear that barring the free food provided from the central PDS and a few other sops, there wasn’t much fiscal support coming from the union government. The heavy lifting was done by the RBI and its skillful management of the monetary policy. RBI has maintained price stability and supported small and medium enterprises through a loan moratorium which gave them a much-needed breather during lockdowns. It continued to keep liquidity high in the system to support credit offtake with added incentives and loan guarantees given to financial institutions to support the most impacted and vulnerable sectors and households. This is all good but this masks the impact of loose monetary policies followed by central banks all over the world including India. Central banks have purchased sovereign and corporate bonds in record quantities over the past few years. This went on overdrive during the pandemic. The buying of these longer-term assets benefit the higher-income households more. The simultaneous loosening of monetary policies around the world has created asset price bubbles all over. In India, these assets are held disproportionately by the same 30-40 million wealthy, high consuming class households that drive most of the public opinion in India. The benefits of such policies to the remaining Indians who don’t participate in the bond or equity markets and keep most of their wealth in safe havens like savings or fixed deposits is minimal. Also, as we come out of the pandemic, the same class of wealthy households have the opportunity to use the low yield regimes to diversify away from financial markets into real estate, crypto and other assets provided to them by wealth advisory firms. There are two Indias here. The other India has hardly any access to these and continues to wonder what those CoinSwitch Kuber ads during IPL are all about. This is setting the stage for deepening inequality over future decades.  Importantly, as the Omicron threat starts to become real, any possibility of tightening of monetary policy, reeling back of Quantitative Easing (QE), ending net asset purchases and likely control of inflation through rate hikes have receded. This means the gravy train of easy money for investors and intermediaries will continue for the foreseeable future.Fiscal Stimulus For The FewLastly, there’s a lot that’s been made about the fundraising by Indian startups during this year. The numbers bear this out. In the first nine months of this year, startups (mostly B2C) raised about $25 billion of funding, about 90 per cent of which was from investors outside India. To put this in perspective, in the six years before, the total funding was about $50 billion put together. The large consumer class that’s going digital rapidly, the enterprising spirit of founders and the availability of tech talent are driving this unprecedented surge in investments. Also, China seems to have closed its doors for now with its ham-fisted clamp down on its national digital champions. Apart from startups, there has been a further inflow of about $30 billion of global liquidity looking for returns into Indian markets and companies during the year. This inflow that’s about 2 per cent of GDP, some argue, is like a fiscal stimulus to the Indian economy. According to this logic, the government didn’t loosen its purse strings to stimulate the economy; instead, it made it attractive for foreign funds to invest directly. Quite clever, eh?There are two problems with this. First, this is a hugely convenient post facto logic. Nobody could have predicted this inflow at the start of the year, nor could anyone have foretold China’s bizarre moves on its digital economy. Second, even if this were a kind of fiscal stimulus, it is different from what a government stimulus would have been. The B2C startups burn their cash in three ways. One, they use it for customer acquisition. This is the money spent on discounts, cashbacks, in high decibel advertising during cricket matches or on digital marketing when they are looking for blitz scaling their business. Quite simply, this money goes as a stimulus to the same 30-40 million wealthy, mostly urban households that have smartphones, transact on these B2C platforms and watch these programmes. A family of a driver or of a cleaning lady isn’t using the Zomato Gold discount coupon. Two, the startups invest in the infrastructure needed to scale up. This means spending on their tech platforms. Most of these startups tend to be asset-light. They don’t have plants and production lines where any additional investment has a multiplier effect. Their money is spent on cloud service providers and IT infrastructure and hardware companies. Three, they spend it on hiring people and investing in their capabilities. This is largely tech talent where the demand right now outstrips supply. This has meant war for talent and a sharp rise in the salaries of good quality programmers for the same kind of roles they were previously doing. The ongoing merry-go-round of ‘great resignation’ has meant no real change in deepening the talent pool in India. It is the same set of people who are already in that upper tier moving across companies demanding higher wages. Anecdotal evidence suggests average salaries have gone up by 30-50 per cent for those in the ₹10-30 lakhs band. Of course, there is some ancillary hiring of drivers, delivery boys (always boys) and other temporary jobs going on but that’s not where the real money is being spent. So, yes, this is a kind of stimulus but it is meant for the same lot that’s already benefiting from the formalisation of the economy and loose monetary policy. It is a triple whammy for them. Sometime during the pandemic, it was clear that we were seeing a K shaped recovery. We wrote about it in a few past editions (here and here). The trend has only exacerbated globally and more so in India. While there’s a widespread sense of strong recovery among the opinion-making classes that are benefitting from this triple whammy, it is difficult to see how the other India is benefiting from it. The lopsided impact of the pandemic on the education of students from poorer families in government schools is another worry. A couple of academic years have been lost for families that have no access to devices for their children and online content from their school. In the long term, this will worsen inequality. I don’t think politicians are unaware of this. The repeal of farm laws, the extension of the free food grains scheme and the queering of the pitch on ‘cultural’ issues in the run-up to UP elections suggest that the BJP is aware of the hardships in that other India. Good politicians always have their ears to the ground. The well-fed, working from home, smug class can be easily swayed by the narrative wars on Twitter and Whatsapp with fake photographs of airports and bridges from China and South Korea passing off as India. But it is difficult to do the same to those whose prospects have materially diminished in the past two years. They will call out the propaganda. It is that India now that’s being wooed in the UP elections. And it will remain the focus of this government till 2024. The real solution lies in a genuine commitment to reforms and free markets. That, as we have seen, is difficult. So, we will be left with a strange mix of India Shining and majoritarianism as means to show progress and win over voters. That kind of growth cannot be our moral imperative.    Matsyanyaaya: A Thank You Note to Xi DadaBig fish eating small fish = Foreign Policy in action— Pranay Kotasthane"Choose your enemies carefully, 'cause they will define you.." Thus went a U2 song. In the strategic realm, Pakistan was long the primary adversary that defined India and vice versa. This hyphenation had a foundational impact on India’s strategic approach. The centre of gravity of our armed forces moved to India's northwest. All three strike corps of the Indian army were created to execute a land grab as a bargaining chip, should Pakistan misbehave. Over time, the military was also made responsible for preventing Pakistan-sponsored terrorism in J&K. Nevertheless, a small and weak primary adversary, one that kept becoming smaller and weaker over time, meant that India was able to wing it. All it needed to do was be better than Pakistan, which was not much of an ask. Arguments for modernising armed forces, collaborating with the US, or building a stronger navy, failed to move the needle because none of them was essential to tackle the adversary. Today, things appear quite different. Pakistan is no longer the adversary that defines India. It continues to remain an irritant, but not the reference point. At the level of serious discourse, I've seen this shift using my own extremely unscientific methodology. I maintain a Pakistan Mention Time (PMT) for discussions. PMT is defined as the time elapsed since the start of a discussion on India's geopolitics until Pakistan first makes an appearance. Until about four years ago, PMT was dangerously low; Pakistan often came up within the first ten minutes of a discussion and like a good Bollywood villain, its shadow loomed large throughout the discussion. That has changed sharply over the last four years. The PMT has increased significantly. Pakistan does make an appearance in most discussions but only briefly. More like Bob Christo, less like Amrish Puri.Quite clearly, Pakistan has been displaced by China as the primary adversary in our minds and actions. And India has no option but to punch up to a bigger, more-powerful adversary rather than punch down to a much-weaker one. The strategic establishment knows that we just can't wing it this time around. Consequently, structural changes such as a deeper collaboration with the US and other Quad countries, a shift of the centre of gravity from the northwest to the north, and integration of the various force elements, is happening at a much faster pace.And of course, the credit for all this goes to Xi Dada and the PRC's international conduct. PRC has made it a point to antagonise many of its neighbours. Its stance has made reconciliation difficult and reignited old conflicts to a point of no return. Disengagement with the PRC hurts India more. But increasingly, India has no choice but to absorb the costs by collaborating with other countries. The old notion of keeping equal distance from the major powers seems untenable, even foolish. The strategic challenge before India has never been more clear. The game is on. But as India navigates the China challenge, there's a critical point that needs to be internalised. That there's a difference between being defined by your adversary and becoming like your adversary. While India was hyphenated with Pakistan for most of its independent history, it managed to not be like Pakistan quite well. The difference between a secular democratic republic and a rabidly religious, majoritarian, military-jihadi-complex-run country couldn't have been starker. But that difference is fast narrowing. Unfortunately, we have become a bit like our adversary on some counts. Religion has become a primary domain of State action and majoritarianism has weakened the Republic like never before. Thus, an important element of responding to the PRC has to be to avoid becoming like the PRC. As it takes centre-stage in our national imagination as the primary adversary, the tendency to become like it will keep growing stronger. Keeping the society above the individual, prioritising stability over freedom, and elevating one-party, one-leader above everything else, will start to seem attractive propositions. That's precisely what we have to be wary of. The ideology of the PRC can’t be defeated by becoming like it. Instead, PRC can only be defeated by rejecting China's hierarchical worldview. As the famous Marcus Aurelius quote goes - "the best revenge is not to be like your enemy".If you find the content here useful, consider taking a deep dive into the world of public policy. Takshashila’s PGP — a 48-week certificate course will allow you to learn public policy analysis from the best practitioners, academics, and teachers. And that too, while you continue to work. In other words, the opportunity costs are low and the benefits are life-changing. Do check out.PolicyWTF: Auto-debit Cancel CultureThis section looks at egregious public policies. Policies that make you go: WTF, Did that really happen?— Pranay KotasthaneBy now, RBI’s new rules on auto-debit of recurring payments have fried my brain and I’m sure yours too. Whether it’s the phone bill or online digital subscriptions, these rules have added friction to even the most trivial payments. Not just individuals, smaller knowledge-based organisations that rely on digital subscriptions need to sacrifice a good chunk of one person’s workday every month to manually purchase email software, team communication software, and e-paper subscriptions. And that’s just the demand side. On the supply side, companies that rely on product subscriptions are suffering from a drop in revenues due to declined transactions.To understand the details of the issue, take a look at this comprehensive note by our friend Anupam Manur. In short, some consumers were not able to exit from subscription cycles easily. Some were auto-subscribed to lifelong subscriptions they couldn’t cancel. Then there was the ever-present issue of fakesters stealing people’s money - all three genuine issues requiring better consumer protection enforcement by the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution by punishing wrongdoers.But that’s not what happened. Instead, the RBI asked banks, card companies and merchants to register e-mandates. These organisations in turn simply declined existing mandates. The RBI could well have fined the banks and card companies until they did not register the e-mandates. Instead, it chose a blunt instrument hurting every consumer using an auto-debit facility.RBI’s intentions aside, this move is symptomatic of what I call hyper-multiobjective optimisation — the bane of policymaking in India. One institution tries to perform so many functions that it does neither of them well. This is particularly the case with agencies that are relatively better. They soon start using their powers in other domains, regardless of their purpose. And thus, the courts make executive decisions, the executive short-circuits the legislature, and the RBI becomes a consumer protection forum.India Policy Watch #2: Friedman on IndiaInsights on burning policy issues in India— Pranay KotasthaneIt amazes me that in the early years of the republic when the planning mindset was at its peak, the Indian government invited leading experts from other countries to comment on India’s governance choices. It seems unimaginable in today’s times that the Indian state was so open to ideas from outside. Anyway, as part of that exercise, Milton Friedman visited India twice in the 1950s and wrote two stunning articles on “Indian Economic Planning” and “A Memorandum to the Government of India 1955”. Some ideas from these two articles continue to remain relevant today. I’m annotating them below for your reading.What struck me was that Friedman was largely optimistic about India’s prospects at a time when the world thought India was destined to fail and Indians were destined to die from hunger. He put India’s human power in perspective through these words:“Most people everywhere are simply hewers of wood and drawers of water. But their hewing of wood and drawing of water is made far more productive by the activities of the minority of industrial and commercial innovators and the much larger but still tiny minority of imitators. And there is no doubt that India has an adequate supply of potential entrepreneurs, both innovators and imitators.”“In any economy, the major source of productive power is not machinery, equipment, buildings and other physical capital; it is the productive capacity of the human beings who compose the society. Yet what we call investment refers only to expenditures on physical capital; expenditures that improve the productive capacity of human beings are generally left entirely out of account. In the United States, for example, only about one-fifth of the total income is return to physical capital, four- fifths to human capital …. Destroy the physical plant of the United States and leave the skills of the people and it would take but a few years to restore the initial position. Destroy the skills and leave the plant and the level of output would sink irretrievably. The cathedrals of medieval Europe, the pyramids of Egypt, the monuments of the Moghul Empire in India are all testimony to the possibility of a high rate of investment in physical capital without a growth in the standard of living of the masses of the people. These considerations are especially important for India, precisely because its frontier is the frontier of technical knowledge and skill.He then links India’s policies of protecting public sector enterprises with wastage of human power as follows: “India’s basic problem is the inefficient use of manpower; it is no solution to protect inefficiency, and the attempt to do so leads to a waste not only of human resources but also of physical capital. The extra money consumers have to pay for the products, let alone direct subsidies to producers could be channelled at least in part into investment.”His insight on where the Indian planning approach goes wrong is quite nuanced:“Planning” does not by itself have any very specific content. It can refer to a wide range of arrangements: to a largely laissez-faire society, in which individuals plan the use of their own resources and government’s role is limited to preserving law and order, enforcing private contracts, and constructing public works; to the recent French policy of mixing exhortation, prediction, and cooperative guesstimating ; to centralized control by a totalitarian government of the details of economic activity. Along still different dimension, Mark Spade (Nigel Balchin), in his wonderful book on How to Run a Bassoon Factory and Business defined the difference between a planned and an unplanned business in a way that often seems letter-perfect for India. “In an unplanned business”, he writes, “things just happen, i.e. they crop up. Life is full of unforeseen happenings and circumstances over which you have no control. On the other hand: In a planned business things still happen and crop up and so on, but you know exactly what would have been the state of affairs if they hadn’t”.In India, planning has come to have a very specific meaning, one that is patterned largely on the Russian model. It has meant a sequence of five-year plans, each attempting to specify the allocation of investment expenditures and productive capacity to different lines of activity, with great emphasis being placed on the expansion of the so-called “heavy” or “basic” industries. A Planning Commission in New Delhi is charged with drawing up the plans and supervising their implementation. There is some decentralization to the separate states but the general idea is centralized governmental control of the allocation of physical resources.He predicted that the Indian way of planning ignored time dynamics, and was doomed to fail for this reason.“So-called plans are laid out long in advance and it is exceedingly difficult to modify them as circumstances change. Inevitable and necessary bureaucratic procedures mean that the right hand does not know what the left hand is doing, that a long process of files going up the channels of communication and then coming back down is involved in adjusting to changing circumstances.”Of course, the Indian government’s obsession with exchange rate management caught his attention. There’s a long section on why overvaluation of the currency is counterproductive.“The attempt to maintain an over-valued rupee has had far reaching effects –as similar attempts have had in every other country that has tried to maintain an overvalued currency. The rise in internal prices without a change in the official price of foreign currency has made foreign goods seem cheap relative to domestic goods and so has encouraged attempts to increase imports; it has also made domestic goods seem expensive to foreign purchasers and so has discouraged exports. As a result, India’s recorded exports have risen much less than world trade on the whole, while the demand for imports has steadily expanded…The fact is that the planners cannot possibly know what they would have to know to ration exchange intelligently. Instead, they resort to the blunt axe of cutting out whole categories of imports; to the dead hand of the past, in allocating a certain percentage of imports in some base years; and to submission to influence, political and economic, which is brought to bear on them. And they have no alternative, since there is no sensible way they can do what they set out to do.The elimination of the exchange-controls and import and export restrictions is thus a most desirable objective of policy. It must be recognized, however, that it would probably increase the demand for foreign exchange, but the likelihood of an increase means that elimination of controls would have to be accompanied by the introduction of some other means of rationing exchange. It should be emphasized that this increase in the demand for foreign exchange is not a fresh problem that would be created by the elimination of exchange-controls. The problem is there now. That is why controls are deemed necessary. The question is whether there are not less harmful ways of solving it.Do read the two essays that the good folks at Centre for Civil Society have compiled into a small book. Thanks for reading Anticipating The Unintended! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.HomeWorkReading and listening recommendations on public policy matters[Speech] Monetary policy and inequality: Speech by Isabel Schnabel, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB. [Article] “The optimal way forward (for climate transition) is a combination of electricity regulation at state governments, a carbon tax led by the union government, and a private electricity sector organised around the price system.” argue Akshay Jaitly and Ajay Shah.[Podcast] Over at Puliyabaazi, Pranay and Saurabh discuss the only election manifesto BR Ambedkar ever wrote. [Article] Pranay and Arjun opine in Hindustan Times that India needs one 20-year semiconductor strategy, not twenty 1-year incentive schemes. Subscribe at publicpolicy.substack.com

Featuring Rob LoCascio, Founder & CEO of LivePerson (NASDAQ: LPSN] Connect w/ Rob: LinkedIn and Twitter  Background: Rob is the guiding force behind the company's vision of creating meaningful connections between brands and consumers. LivePerson has come a long way since its early years, having survived the dot com crash, and grown to become the leader in intelligent engagement solutions, currently serving over 18,000 clients, with 1,000 employees and offices across the globe. Rob is one of the longest-standing founding CEOs of a tech company today. Sponsor: Nagarro And a huge thank you to Nagarro Public Sector. This live podcast would not be possible without the support of Nagarro. Nagarro Public Sector excels at helping senior technology leaders in digital disruption from Cloud, AI, Big Data, and digital product engineering to system integration work across platforms. To learn more about Nagarro, check out nagarro.com Show Notes:   - The Death of the Call Center  - Conversational Cloud & AI - Chatbot Designers  - LivePerson case studies - Bitcoin, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAO) Subscribe to Rob's Podcast Over the Wall: https://wavve.link/overthewall Want to dive deeper? Check out what human-centric stories I'm sharing with CEOs & CIOs on techtables.com PS: Love TechTables? Head to Apple Podcasts, hit that follow button and leave a quick rating. Just tap the number of stars you think the show deserves. Learn more about Joe Toste (me) at https://www.techtables.com/about/

Episode 326 – playing forward and playing it present -- if I drink again,  why would I want to go down that path?   Erik took his last drink on March 9, 2019.  He is from upstate New York.   This is his journey of living alcohol free (AF).   This quarter’s Recovery Elevator donation went to “The Phoenix.”  thephoenix.org   Finding Your Better You – Odette’s weekly message.   Odette is training for a marathon.  She reached out to her fitness coach Paul from RecoveryFit1 to get some guidance on training, cross-training, etc.  She has noticed the training for the race is re-training her brain, rewriting her story and building her confidence.  Crossing the finish line of a marathon is scary for Odette.  During her childhood, she participated in the rally portion of the mini-Olympics.  She fell and as a result her team was in last place.  From then on, she told herself she was not a runner.    Odette recognizes we often get stuck in our stories because those stories are all we know.  We need to believe we can do things differently. She is using visualization techniques to overcome her old stories.   What stories are we telling ourselves about our alcohol-free journey?  Are those stories holding you back or keeping you stuck?  How can you re-write your story?   [8:53]  Odette introduces Erik   Erik took his last drink on March 9, 2019.  His journey includes ups, downs, and stability.  He grew up in upstate New York and lives in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida,  He is 42, single and living it up in the sunshine state.  Erik loves binge watching TV (COVID), meet-up.com, brunch, dinner, event planning, relaxing and baths.    [11:23] Tell us about your history with drinking?   Erik took his first drink at junior prom and found his dad’s secret stash of Manhattan’s.  He didn’t drink much until college.  He remembers the Bridge Street Run and he got completely wasted and was on camera when the local news covered the event.  His drinking progressed from there.  He moved to Los Angeles and in 2010 he got his first DUI.  He knew his drinking was a problem and he started looking at his drinking more closely.    His DUI stemmed from a party that included friends from college.  At 3 AM, he remembers driving home and avoiding someone on the side of the road.  He passed an accident and almost ran over the cops.  His recollection was foggy because he was so intoxicated.  He exited the freeway on Hollywood Blvd., was arrested and the cops took him back to the scene of the accident so he could see where he almost ran the cops over.    His friends came to pick him up and told him, ‘It’s ok, it happens to everyone’.    [17:55]  What happened after the DUI?   Eric looks at his drinking career through the lens of his DUI’s because he’s had three in ten years.  He went to AA after the first DUI.  He took one of the quizzes about problem drinking.  His gut knew he had a problem, but he ignored it and went along with his friends who said it was not a big deal.   He moved to Florida and picked up where he left off.  His 2nd DUI was in 2013.  He remembers going out, ripping his jeans from dancing and drove from West Palm Beach to Ft. Lauderdale.  He was driving 80 MPH in a 35 MPH zone.  He blew a .15 and went to court.    Five years later he got his third DUI.   [21:16] What was your drinking like between the DUI’s?   After the first DUI, it scratched the surface of concern, but he kept drinking.  Erik describes himself as a celebratory binge drinker.   He went to AA for four months without drinking and believed moderating would work for him.  He was able to moderate successfully until the shut off valve in his brain didn’t shut off.    In 2018, Erik got his third DUI.  He had a breathalyzer in his vehicle and was still positive (for alcohol) the next day.  Erik took a cab to work.  Erik never wants to be like that again.   [27:39]  What other elements of your life (at the time) could be attributed to alcohol?   Erik said from 2016-2018 he was a mess.  He was on anti-depressants and drinking and the combination and progression were not good.  Erik knew peer pressure was a big deal for him.  He learned to distance himself from people who drink.  He acknowledges his choices and recognizes he needs to say no to others in an   [30:02] Did you have a rock bottom when you had your last drink?   Erik said the weekend after his third DUI he was drinking, and he drove a friend to the airport at 5 am.  He went to AA for six months.  He chaired meetings, read the books.  His attorney helped him to stay out of jail by wearing an ankle monitor.  He was unable to get into treatment because he already had six months of sobriety.  Erik had to hack the system to get treatment.  He got really drunk to make sure he could get into treatment vs. jail.   [37:54] How was your life after treatment?   Erik described treatment being a gift.  There were some downsides, including losing his privacy.  When he left rehab, he was required to wear an ankle monitor.  He had a falling out with his sponsor.  He made a choice to drink to stay out of jail.   He became forthcoming with his therapist and social worker.  AA was a blessing for him.  He found Recovery Elevator during COVID, and he sees many similarities to AA.   Some days are hard and other days are beautiful.  Sobriety is work.  It’s a daily chore, but it’s so worth it for him.  It works if you work it and work it because you are worth it!   Erik thirsts for Recovery Elevator to become bigger.  He loves the meet ups and the chats, and it has been great for him.    [46:39] How do you relate to alcohol now?   Erik said his ankle monitor came in handy.   It helped him through several situations including a funeral, a long layover at an airport.  Erik knows he can have fun without alcohol, and he can be in public spaces without drinking.  He is learning about who he is and who he wants to be.  Time heals all wounds, and you get more comfortable with sobriety with time.   Playing it forward and playing it present helps him stay sober.      [51:01] Rapid Fire Round   What has this journey made possible for you? It has allowed me to get to know myself and look inside and see who I want to be as a human being and how I want to interact with the universe.   What is your go to response when someone offers you a drink? No, thank you.   What is your favorite ice cream flavor? Rocky Road   What is an unexpected perk of this journey? I have more patience and I’m more in the moment.  You experience sunrises and sunsets differently.  Florida is beautiful year around and he loves being in the moment.    What parting piece of guidance would you give to listeners who are considering ditching the booze?   Stick with it.  Listen to your gut.  We’ve all had plenty of day 1’s.  Don’t minimize your sobriety.  Be thankful for what you have and keep coming back.   You may have to say Adios to booze if … You have to check your car for damage after a night of drinking or can’t remember where your car is.   Odette’s Summary   One of our team members, Alan Copeland is going to share about Café RE.  Check out Alan’s episode 287.  Alan has been with Café RE since January 1, 2020.  He helps onboard new members.  Café RE includes: Connection with like-minded people Podcast Over 20 online chats per week Accountability partner Facebook group In person meet-ups with sober people (have fun without drinking) Courses including Restore, Ditch the Booze Book club Movie Club Yoga Fitness class Member listing Recovery Buffet (AA, Smart Recovery, Recovery Dharma friendly – we support the menu of options for recovery) $24 monthly membership fee Cancel anytime, rejoin anytime   Alan believes RE can help you overcome loneliness.  You quickly understand there are like-minded people who are here to support you.  Lifelong friendships are built in Café RE.  We focus on the similarities.  We don’t follow a specific program we are open to multiple options for recovery. The light will always be on for you here at Café RE.    Remember that you are not alone and together is always better.  We can rewrite our stories.  Upcoming events, retreats, and courses: Bozeman 2021 (August 18-22, 2021). This is our flagship annual retreat held in the pristine forests of Big Sky Country, 10 miles south of Bozeman, Montana. During this 5-day event, you’ll discover how to expand the boundaries of your comfort zone. You can find more information about our events    Affiliate Link for Endourage: For 10% off your first CBD order with Endourage visit this link and use the promo code elevator at checkout.    Affiliate Link for Amazon: Shop via Amazon using this link.   The book, Alcohol is SH!T, is out. Pick up your paperback copy on Amazon here! You can get the Audible version here!     Resources:  Connect with Cafe RE - Use the promo code OPPORTUNITY to waive the set-up fee. Recovery Elevator YouTube - Subscribe here! Sobriety Tracker iTunes      “Recovery Elevator – Without the darkness you would never know the light - I love you guys”    

Lauren started working in real estate right out of college. Her journey began in a corporate environment, and she was mostly dealing with commercial properties. Once she had a child, Lauren decided to leave her job and work for herself. At the time, her brother was flipping houses, and he offered her to join the business. In 2016, she started looking for properties outside of the competitive southern California market in order to expand her business. Now, Lauren has a coaching program for those who’d like to go virtual and reach markets all over the country regardless of where they live. Lauren Hardy Real Estate Background: Real estate investor, coach, and host of wholesaling Inc. Podcast Over 10 years of real estate experience Has invested in 100s of properties, including developing spec houses, and flips Based in Orange, CA Say hi to her at:     for more info on groundbreaker.co  Best Ever Tweet: “Flipping the house opened up a lot of ways that you could get ripped off by contractors” - Lauren Hardy.

Expert handicappers Jack Jones and Brandon Lee are back with another edition of the SportsCapping Football Podcast. On this episode they take a look at Week 7 NFL and Week 8 NCAAF. Both Brandon and Jack will give out a free NFL & college football pick, plus a bonus NFL teaser! **20-13-2 First 6 Weeks of Podcast** Over the last 4+ seasons, Brandon and Jack have combined to go 216-159-13. That's 58% winners with $1,000 players up over $41,000!

Expert handicappers Jack Jones and Brandon Lee are back with another edition of the SportsCapping Football Podcast. On this episode they take a look at Week 6 NFL and Week 7 NCAAF. Both Brandon and Jack will give out a free NFL & college football pick, plus a bonus NFL teaser! **17-10-2 First 5 Weeks of Podcast** Over the last 4+ seasons, Brandon and Jack have combined to go 213-156-13. That's 58% winners with $1,000 players up over $41,000!

Expert handicappers Jack Jones and Brandon Lee are back with another edition of the SportsCapping Football Podcast. On this episode they take a look at Week 5 NFL and Week 6 NCAAF. Both Brandon and Jack will give out a free NFL & college football pick, plus a bonus NFL teaser! **15-7-1 First 4 Weeks of Podcast** Over the last 4+ seasons, Brandon and Jack have combined to go 211-153-12. That's 58% winners with $1,000 players up over $42,000!

Hello again Gooners, I'm happy to bring you the second episode of @GoonerRichB 's Podcast Over and over and over again, the positive Arsenal Podcast. I was invited on the show with @MelvynMarks and Albert @aumoh57 from his show AlbertJTV. Once again it was a pleasure and we get through a lot of interesting stuff! Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/from-dial-square-to-where-ctm. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Dr. Leighton Flowers reads the most recent reviews from iTunes and Amazon. And goes over the latest stats for the Soteriology 101 broadcast. Podcast: Over 2,019,000 unique downloads Average of over 5,300 per episode YouTube: Over 3,538,000 views Average of over 10,400 per episode

Mistä muussa tässä ajassa voisi puhua kuin Siitä Viruksesta? Jaksossa käymme läpi Suomen ja Ruotsin koronatilanteet ja varsin erilaiset tavat vastata kriisiin mutta ehdimme listata myös koronajulkkikset ja antaa katselu- ja kuunteluvinkkejä. Tule mukaan virtuaaliseen podimiittiin perjantaina 27.3.2020 klo 17.30 (suomen aikaa). Liity linkistä: https://us04web.zoom.us/j/351414956, meeting ID on: 351 414 956. Nämä mainitsemme: Jimmy Fallonin Tonight show, joka tapahtuu hänen kotoa käsin (At Home edition, esim https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_RgpnAZl1k) Ellen DeGeneresin kotivideot (esim https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LRF9YjwEKiM) Emilia Vuorisalmen uusi podcast (Emilian insta: @docemilia) Podcast: Bear Brook -podcast (https://www.bearbrookpodcast.com) Dokumentti: Hillary (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_(film)) Podcast: Over my dead body (https://wondery.com/shows/over-my-dead-body/) Sarja: Tiger King (Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81115994) Podcast: Slow Burn, season 3 (https://slate.com/podcasts/slow-burn/s3/biggie-and-tupac)

This week the DPR staff sit down to watch the movie “Misery”. Listen in as Ben reveals some insane possible casting choices, Josh busts open the case for the theory of “the actual” Misery, CM reveals her phobia of watching people get shaved, the addition of the best characters ever, the effect of losing the addiction subplot, and especially the goddess, Kathy Bates, well deserved Oscar winning performance. You’ll never know the fear of losing listeners like you, if you’re a podcast like us on Episode 15, “Podcast Over”.

Poet Mohammad Moussa believes his friend Deah Barakat was murdered in a hate crime; and he refuses to remain silent. Shattered Glass, Mohammad’s multi-media spoken word poetry show is a year of reflection and mourning wrapped in the power of storytelling and signed with a poet’s pen. It’s a demand for answers and accountability, and it’s a journey that leaves us both broken and whole. On this episode of Stories with a Heartbeat , host Will McInerney sits down with Mohammad Moussa to talk about poetry, processing, and parking disputes. Subscribe to this Podcast Over the past four episodes of Stories with a Heartbeat we explored the human stories behind the Chapel Hill shooting. We pulled out the magnified glass and the atlas to track the emotions and motives of this complex narrative. We talked to family members, close friends, the police, and local reporters. Today, we turn to a poet to help us make sense of it all. This is the final installment in our 5-part series on the tragedy. On

Official Website: http://www.lawabidingbiker.com PODCAST-Over the past months we here at Law Abiding Biker™ Media have installed a Vance & Hines Fuelpak 3 on my Harley Davidson and a Dynojet Power Vision on Oscar's Harley. Both are motorcycle electronic fuel injections (EFI) tuners and seemingly two of the most popular currently on the market. We realize there are many other EFI tuners on the market, but it takes time to properly install, film, evaluate, and review each tuner. We also have much experience with the Dynojet Power Commander V and Auto Tuner, which have been a staple in the motorcycle EFI industry for many years now. Remember that the first thing Harley Davidson owners usually do after purchase is put a new air intake and exhaust on their ride. It is a must to re-map your electronic fuel injection immediately after installing an air intake, exhaust, or both. Don't waste your money getting the stock Harley EFI re-map download at a dealership, as it is a one time canned EFI map & can cost over $250. A canned map is basically a pre-determined EFI map based on you particular air intake and pipes that has already been made. If you go with the Harley canned EFI map and you ever change anything down the road you will be back in the dealership paying another large sum of money for an EFI re-map. With the FP3 and Power Vision you can make as many changes as you want any time down the road should you decide to change things up. And you can get way more options than a canned map out of these devices. You can auto tune your EFI with the FP3 and Power Vision for more precise tuning as you ride your Harley. If you become very well versed and knowledgeable you can manually change individual values & more. In this episode we break everything down for the average day-to-day biker out there, so you really need to listen in for all the information and facts about these motorcycle EFI tuners. Both units have their pros and cons and in the end it will depend on what needs and expectations you have. We are bikers just like you, which is why we can break it down to a level that makes sense. We cut through all the nonsense for you & make it easy to understand. Thanks to the following individuals for working with us here at Law Abiding Biker™ Media on this project! Chris Kelley of Dynojet Research Chris Neely of Vance & Hines Electronics Product Manager Check out our EFI Page Here for further information and resources! Law Abiding Biker™ Media has already released several EFI tuner install and review videos: Dynojet Power Vision with Auto Tuner Video Vance & Hines Fuelpak 3 Video Dynojet Power Commander V Dynojet Auto Tuner Video Consider using our Affiliate Links to purchase any items if you appreciate this information. No additional cost to you, but we get a small kick back if you make a purchase after clicking through. Revzilla Affiliate Amazon Affiliate MC Superstore Affiliate Our Custom Biker Gripper Cell Phone & GPS Mounts Need a motorcycle cell phone or GPS mountingsolutionBikaholics? That's right, Law Abiding Biker Media put our logo on these mounts & we personally use them on our motorcycles! The sexiest, lightest, and strongest mounts available period. Good prices and fast shipping from our store? Check out our COMPLETE REVIEW New Patrons: Kurt Shumaker of Corinth, Mississippi If you appreciate the content we put out and want to make sure it keeps on coming your way then become a Patron too! There are benefits and there is no risk. Thanks to the following bikers for supporting us via a flat donation: David Pierce of Jacksonville, FL Ronald Sheely of Winchester Kentucky MIchael Puthoff of Harlem, GA Email 1: Igor Nascimento of Brasil Just writing to thank you for the nice podcasts. Been listening to all of them from down here in Brazil. Thanks for the vídeo on Fuelpak3. Got one down here for my Deluxe 2013 and been playing around with it. Down here we have to really play with AFR and VE tables because our shit gasoline is E27 (yeah, sounds crazy, but 27% Ethanol!!!!). Keep up the good work and ride safe! Referencing our Fuelpak 3 Video You can also listen in to episode 40 titled: The E15 Ethanol Fuel Controversy & Breakdown | Should I use E15 Fuel in my Motorcycle? ________________________________________________________________ CHECK US OUT AND SUBSCRIBE:   Website: http://www.LawAbidingBiker.com   Email & Voicemail: http://www.LawAbidingBiker.com/Contact   Phone Hotline: 509-731-3548   Twitter: https://twitter.com/LawAbidingBiker   Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lawabidingbiker        YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/scrappy587     Google Plus Page: https://plus.google.com/b/104041070580228657262/+Lawabidingbiker587   Instagram: http://instagram.com/lawabidingbiker     RSS: feed://www.LawAbidingBiker.com/feed   iTunes Direct Link to Podcast:  https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/law-abiding-biker-podcast/id622424087    Stitcher Radio: http://www.stitcher.com/podcast/law-abiding-biker-podcast   TuneIn Radio: http://tunein.com/radio/Law-Abiding-Biker-p562288/  

Listen to the Podcast: Over the next few months we will regularly be discussing  lessons learned from tips taken directly from Skirt Strategies: 249 Success Tips for Women in Leadership (available on Amazon). We hope you enjoy and would love to hear from you. Email us at Katie@skirtstrategies.com or Carol@skirtstrategies.com or leave a recorded message […] The post Women’s Leadership – Where we are going with the podcast – Podcast 017 appeared first on Skirt Strategies.