But it is Rocket Science

We throw around the term hyperspeed a lot in movies, shows, sci fi novels. What actually is it and where did it originate from?? Tune into this episode to learn all about it! We have Merch!! www.butitisrocketscience.com/shop Patreon: www.patreon.com/biirs Find us on social media! Instagram: butitisrocketscience Twitter: butitisRS Facebook: But it is Rocket Science New Design by Sarah Price Follow her on Instagram: sarahprice.art Henna's Sources: “1930s.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Mar. 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930s#Science_and_technology. ghola2010. “Dark Star Movie (1974) from John Carpenter.” YouTube, YouTube, 29 Apr. 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocse-0bBfo8&t=963s&ab_channel=WhitemancameTookeverything. “Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction.” Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction, sfdictionary.com/. “Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Oct. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Science_Fiction. “Hyperspace.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Mar. 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperspace. “Pulp Magazine.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Mar. 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_magazine. Anna's Links: Alcubierre, Miguel. “The Warp Drive: Hyper-Fast Travel within General Relativity.” Classical and Quantum Gravity, vol. 11, no. 5, 1994, doi:10.1088/0264-9381/11/5/001. Beall, Abigail. “What Is Einstein's Theory of Relativity?” WIRED UK, WIRED UK, 28 Mar. 2017, www.wired.co.uk/article/einstein-theory-relativity. “The Casimir Effect: A Force from Nothing.” Physics World, 6 Feb. 2018, physicsworld.com/a/the-casimir-effect-a-force-from-nothing. “Energy Density of Some Combustibles (in MJ/Kg): The Geography of Transport Systems.” The Geography of Transport Systems | The Spatial Organization of Transportation and Mobility, 5 Oct. 2021, transportgeography.org/contents/chapter4/transportation-and-energy/combustibles-energy-content/. “Energy Density.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 27 Feb. 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_density. “Exotic Matter.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Mar. 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotic_matter. Lentz, Erik W. “Breaking the Warp Barrier: Hyper-Fast Solitons in Einstein–Maxwell-Plasma Theory.” Classical and Quantum Gravity, vol. 38, no. 7, 2021, p. 075015., doi:10.1088/1361-6382/abe692. “Warp Drives: Physicists Give Chances of Faster-than-Light Space Travel a Boost: Human World.” EarthSky, 15 May 2021, earthsky.org/space/warp-drive-chances-of-faster-than-light-space-travel/.

Airplanes are cool, right?! How much do you know about their wings? We're finally back from our winter break. Grab a warm beverage and hand out with us while we chat about airfoils! We have Merch!! https://www.butitisrocketscience.com/shop Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/biirs Find us on social media! Instagram: butitisrocketscience Twitter: butitisRS Facebook: But it is Rocket Science New Design by Sarah Price Follow her on Instagram: sarahprice.art Henna's Sources: “Airfoil.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Jan. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airfoil. Anderson, John David. Fundamentals of Aerodynamics. McGraw-Hill Education, 2017. Darmofal, David. “Lecture Notes.” MIT OpenCourseWare, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/aeronautics-and-astronautics/16-100-aerodynamics-fall-2005/lecture-notes/. “Inclination Effects on Lift.” NASA, NASA, https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/incline.html. Liebhaber, William. Airfoil Design, YouTube, 26 June 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8fk2J5LtdSg. Books Mentioned: https://www.amazon.com/Hydrodynamics-Dover-Books-Physics-Horace/dp/0486602567 https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Aerofoil-Airscrew-Cambridge-Classics/dp/052127494X Anna's Sources: “Airfoil.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Jan. 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airfoil. “Angle of Attack (AOA).” SKYbrary Aviation Safety, 6 Oct. 2021, skybrary.aero/articles/angle-attack-aoa. “Compressible Flow.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Sept. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressible_flow#cite_note-J.D._Anderson_2007-1. “Elements of the Wing Section Theory and of the Wing Theory - NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS).” NASA, NASA, ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930091257. “Hermann Glauert.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 16 Jan. 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Glauert. “History of Flight.” NASA, NASA, www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/UEET/StudentSite/historyofflight.html. History.com Editors. “World War I.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 29 Oct. 2009, www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/world-war-i-history. “Inviscid Flow.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 23 June 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inviscid_flow. “Ludwig Prandtl.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Jan. 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Prandtl. “Otto Lilienthal.” Lemelson, lemelson.mit.edu/resources/otto-lilienthal. “Prandtl Number.” Prandtl Number - an Overview | ScienceDirect Topics, www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/prandtl-number. “The Wright Brothers: The First Successful Airplane.” The Wright Brothers | The First Successful Airplane, airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/wright-brothers/online/fly/1903/. Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

This week's episode is an interview with a SPACE ANTHROPOLOGIST - Adryon Kozel! Tune in if you want to learn what space anthropology exactly is, what research is being done in the field and how you can get involved! We learned so much from Adryon and we're so excited to have had this opportunity to interview them! Where you can find Adryon: Twitter: @AnthroAdryon https://ethnoiss.space/ We have Merch!! www.butitisrocketscience.com/shop Patreon: www.patreon.com/biirs Find us on social media! Instagram: butitisrocketscience Twitter: butitisRS Facebook: But it is Rocket Science Stuff Mentioned in the Episode: The Art of the Nozzle: https://www.hotnozzlesociety.org/theartofthenozzle Jack Sister: https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna16888212 Chris Hadfield: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Hadfield ISS: https://www.space.com/how-to-destroy-a-space-station-safely Orbital Reef: https://www.blueorigin.com/news/orbital-reef-commercial-space-station Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Did you know that Space Art is a genre of art? Come listen to Anna and Henna chat with space artist Amber Allen about all things Space Art! Where you can find Amber Website: https://www.amberallenart.com/ Instagram: amberallenart Facebook: amberallenart We have Merch!! https://www.butitisrocketscience.com/shop Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/biirs Find us on social media! Instagram: butitisrocketscience Twitter: butitisRS Facebook: But it is Rocket Science Stuff mentioned in the episode Spacefest: https://www.spacefest.info/ Harvard Computers: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Computers Fraunhofer lines: https://nineplanets.org/questions/what-are-fraunhofer-lines/ IAAA: https://iaaa.org/ A Matter of Profit: https://www.amazon.com/Matter-Profit-Hilari-Bell/dp/0060295139 Michael Collins' Art: https://novaspace.com/product-category/space-art/michael-collins-space-art/ Alan Bean's Art: https://www.alanbean.com/ Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

We're here with another Cozy Coffee Chat! Tune in to hear us answer to some of your questions and chat about our favorite shows and more! We have Merch!! www.butitisrocketscience.com/shop Patreon: www.patreon.com/biirs Find us on social media! Instagram: butitisrocketscience Twitter: butitisRS Facebook: But it is Rocket Science Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

How worried should you be about a Solar Storm hitting Earth? What is a Solar Storm anyway? Tune in to our latest episode to find out! We have Merch!! https://www.butitisrocketscience.com/shop Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/biirs Find us on social media! Instagram: butitisrocketscience Twitter: butitisRS Facebook: But it is Rocket Science Anna's Sources: Gary, Prof. Dale E. “Astrophysics I: Lecture #23.” New Jersey Institute of Technology , web.njit.edu/~gary/320/Lecture23.html. “How Likely Is Another Carrington Event?: Earth.” EarthSky, 30 Sept. 2020, earthsky.org/space/how-likely-space-super-storms-solar-flares-carrington-event/. “Lead.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 25 Sept. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead. Moriña, David, et al. “Probability Estimation of a Carrington-like Geomagnetic Storm.” Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 20 Feb. 2019, www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-38918-8. Newman, Lily Hay. “A Bad Solar Storm Could Cause an 'Internet Apocalypse'.” Wired, Conde Nast, 26 Aug. 2021, www.wired.com/story/solar-storm-internet-apocalypse-undersea-cables/. Riley, Pete. “On the Probability of Occurrence of Extreme Space Weather Events.” National Academies , 7 Oct. 2014, On the Probability of Occurrence of Extreme Space Weather Events. “Solar Storm.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Sept. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_storm. “Sunspots and Solar Flares.” NASA, NASA, 22 July 2021, spaceplace.nasa.gov/solar-activity. US Department of Commerce, NOAA. “The Sun and Sunspots.” National Weather Service, NOAA's National Weather Service, 7 Aug. 2020, www.weather.gov/fsd/sunspots. Ventana al Conocimiento (Knowledge Window) Scientific journalism Estimated reading time Time 3 to read, et al. “When Will the next Solar Superstorm Occur?” OpenMind, 18 Sept. 2019, www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/science/environment/when-will-the-next-solar-superstorm-occur/. Henna's Sources: “Carrington Event.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Sept. 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrington_Event. Chapman, S. C., et al. “Using the Index over the Last 14 Solar Cycles to CHARACTERIZE EXTREME Geomagnetic Activity.” Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 47, no. 3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl086524. Evan Gough, Universe Today. “Destructive Solar Storms Usually Hit Earth Every 25 Years or so, Say Scientists.” ScienceAlert, https://www.sciencealert.com/destructive-super-solar-storms-usually-hit-us-four-times-a-century. Geographics. The Carrington Event, Youtube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgV1rwMY4yg&ab_channel=Geographics. “Geomagnetic Storm.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Sept. 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomagnetic_storm. Klein, Christopher. “A Perfect SOLAR Superstorm: The 1859 Carrington Event.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 14 Mar. 2012, https://www.history.com/news/a-perfect-solar-superstorm-the-1859-carrington-event. Solar Storms, Kurzgesagt, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHHSSJDJ4oo&ab_channel=Kurzgesagt%E2%80%93InaNutshell. Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Do you know what Black Holes actually are? Are we actually all holograms? Pour yourself a cup of coffee (or tea) and come hang out with your friendly neighborhood aerospace engineers to find out! We have Merch!! https://www.butitisrocketscience.com/shop Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/biirs Find us on social media! Instagram: butitisrocketscience Twitter: butitisRS Facebook: But it is Rocket Science Henna's Sources: Beall, Abigail. “Theory Claims to Offer the FIRST 'Evidence' Our Universe Is a Hologram.” WIRED UK, WIRED UK, 31 Jan. 2017, www.wired.co.uk/article/our-universe-is-a-hologram. Bouman, Katherine L. “Extreme Imaging via Physical Model Inversion: Seeing around Corners and Imaging Black Holes.” Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. Garner, Rob. “What Are Black Holes?” NASA, NASA, 15 Nov. 2017, www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/starsgalaxies/black_hole_description.html. “Gravitational Singularity.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 2 Aug. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_singularity. Information@eso.org. “Anatomy of a Black Hole.” Www.eso.org, www.eso.org/public/images/eso1907h/. Kurzgesagt. “Black Holes Explained – from Birth to Death.” YouTube, YouTube, 15 Dec. 2015, Schirber, Michael. “Eye-to-Eye with a Black Hole.” Space.com, Space, 11 July 2005, www.space.com/1297-eye-eye-black-hole.html. “Stars.” NASA, NASA, science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/how-do-stars-form-and-evolve. Sutter, Paul. “Can We Solve the Black Hole Information Paradox with 'Photon Spheres'?” Space.com, Space, 16 July 2021, www.space.com/black-hole-information-paradox-photon-spheres. “What Happens When Stars Produce Iron?” Futurism, Futurism, 14 July 2014, futurism.com/what-happens-when-stars-produce-iron. Anna's Sources: “18Th Century.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 1 Sept. 2021, Beall, Abigail. “What Is Einstein's Theory of Relativity?” WIRED UK, WIRED UK, 28 Mar. 2017, www.wired.co.uk/article/einstein-theory-relativity. Bernstein, Jeremy. “The Reluctant Father of Black Holes.” Scientific American, Scientific American, 1 Apr. 2007, www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-reluctant-father-of-black-holes-2007-04/. “Black Hole of Calcutta.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 5 Sept. 2021, “Black Hole.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 5 Sept. 2021, Colonial America (1492-1763), www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/colonial/jb_colonial_subj.html. Einstein, Albert. “On a Stationary System with Spherical Symmetry Consisting of Many Gravitating Masses.” The Annals of Mathematics, vol. 40, no. 4, 1939, p. 922., doi:10.2307/1968902. “How Scientists Captured the First Image of a Black Hole - Teachable Moments.” NASA, NASA, 19 Apr. 2019, www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/news/2019/4/19/how-scientists-captured-the-first-image-of-a-black-hole/. “J. Robert Oppenheimer.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 28 Aug. 2021 “John Michell.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 3 Aug. 2021, “John Michell: COUNTRY Parson DESCRIBED Black Holes IN 1783: Amnh.” American Museum of Natural History, www.amnh.org/learn-teach/curriculum-collections/cosmic-horizons-book/john-michell-black-holes. Michael Lane Smith | Published Sep 10, et al. “The United States Was Called The United Colonies UNTIL Sept. 9, 1776.” Task & Purpose, 10 Sept. 2015, taskandpurpose.com/history/the-united-states-was-called-the-united-colonies-until-sept-9-1776/. Mills, Virginia. “Black Holes: Who Didn't See Them FIRST?: Royal Society.” Black Holes: Who Didn't See Them First? | Royal Society, 4 June 2019, royalsociety.org/blog/2019/06/black-holes/. “Planetary Motion: The History of an Idea That Launched the Scientific Revolution.” NASA, NASA, earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/OrbitsHistory. “Science and Technology.” On-Line: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, www.exnet.com/1996/02/20/science/science.html. Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Hey there space cadets! This week we're doing another one of our coffee chats! Grab your coffee (or other beverage of choice) and come hang out with Henna and Anna as they answer one of your questions and chat about their favorite things in space right now! We have Merch!! www.butitisrocketscience.com/shop Find us on social media! Instagram: butitisrocketscience Twitter: butitisRS Facebook: But it is Rocket Science Books: John, Mandel Emily St. Station Eleven: A Novel. Alfred A. Knopf, 2019. Tevis, Walter (1963). The Man Who Fell to Earth (2005 ed.). New York: Del Rey Books.

On June 25th, 2021 the United States Office of the Director of National Intelligence released a 9 page unclassified report titled “Preliminary Assessment: Unidentified Aerial Phenomena”. Listen up to learn what it said! We have Merch!! https://www.butitisrocketscience.com/shop Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/biirs Find us on social media! Instagram: butitisrocketscience Twitter: butitisRS Facebook: But it is Rocket Science Sources: Government Report Office of the Director of National Intelligence. Preliminary Assessment: Unidentified Aerial Phenomena. 25 June 2021, www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/Prelimary-Assessment-UAP-20210625.pdf. “Establishment of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force.” U.S. Department of Defense, www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Releases/Release/Article/2314065/establishment-of-unidentified-aerial-phenomena-task-force/. “Inside the U.f.o. Report.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 30 June 2021, www.nytimes.com/2021/06/30/podcasts/the-daily/ufo-report-pentagon.html. Myre, Greg. “UFO Report: No Sign of Aliens, but 143 Mystery Objects Defy Explanation.” NPR, NPR, 25 June 2021, www.npr.org/2021/06/25/1010382563/the-truth-is-still-out-there-report-says-it-didnt-find-evidence-ufos-were-aliens. Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Electrodynamic tethers are a super cool tethers that can produce a force without fuel! How do they do this?! How long have they been around? Wait, what exactly are these again? Tune in to learn answers to these questions and more! Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Henna's Sources: Carmen Pardini, Toshiya Hanada, Paula H. Krisko, Benefits and risks of using electrodynamic tethers to de-orbit spacecraft, Acta Astronautica, Volume 64, Issues 5–6, 2009, Pages 571-588, ISSN 0094-5765, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2008.10.007. “Electrodynamic Tether.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 16 July 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrodynamic_tether. Hastings D.E., Roy R.I.S. (1993) A Brief Overview of Electrodynamic Tethers. In: DeWitt R.N., Duston D., Hyder A.K. (eds) The Behavior of Systems in the Space Environment. NATO ASI Series How Does the Earth's Core Generate a Magnetic Field?, www.usgs.gov/faqs/how-does-earths-core-generate-a-magnetic-field. Johnson, L., and M. Herrmann. “International Space Station Electrodynamic Tether Reboost Study.” NASA, NASA, July 1998, ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19980223479/downloads/19980223479.pdf. michiganengineering. “Building CubeSats to Test Electrodynamic Tethering in Space with MiTEE.” YouTube, YouTube, 13 Feb. 2020, www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4YVENNlSI8. NASAconnect. “How NASA Uses Tethers.” YouTube, YouTube, 24 Aug. 2007, www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jrl9m1yIHRw&ab_channel=NASAconnect. “Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 15 July 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Solid_Rocket_Booster. Anna's Sources: Chen, Yi, et al. “History of the Tether Concept and Tether Missions: A Review.” Hindawi, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 16 Jan. 2013, downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2013/502973.pdf. Isaacs, John D., et al. “Satellite Elongation into a True ‘Sky-Hook.'” Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 11 Feb. 1966, science.sciencemag.org/content/151/3711/682. Loff, Sarah. “CubeSats Overview.” NASA, NASA, 22 July 2015, www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cubesats/overview/#:~:text=CubeSats%20are%20built%20to%20standard,Deployer%2C%20or%20P%2DPOD. “Mario Grossi.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 3 June 1999, www.theguardian.com/news/1999/jun/03/guardianobituaries. “Professor Giuseppe Colombo, Italy's Leading Space Scientist and Consultant...” UPI, UPI, 21 Feb. 1984, www.upi.com/Archives/1984/02/21/Professor-Giuseppe-Colombo-Italys-leading-space-scientist-and-consultant/6477446187600/. Sabbineni, Tara. “About Our Team.” About MiTEE, clasp-research.engin.umich.edu/groups/s3fl/mitee/about/. “Space Tether Missions.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 16 July 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_tether_missions#Proposed_and_future_missions. “Space Tether Missions.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 16 July 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_tether_missions#TSS-1_mission. TSS-1, NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive, nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=TSS-1.

Guess what Space Cadets?? We did an interview! Come hang out with us and Operations Control Engineer, Susan Martinez. We talk about everything from school, our love of fashion and of course, Space! Susan Martinez Instagram: adastrasu We have Merch!! https://www.butitisrocketscience.com/shop Find us on social media! Instagram: butitisrocketscience Twitter: butitisRS Facebook: But it is Rocket Science Solar Sails: A Novel Approach to Interplanetary Travel http://www.lesjohnsonauthor.com/books/solar_sails_a_novel_approach_to_interplanetary_travel Rescue Mode https://www.amazon.com/Rescue-Mode-Ben-Bova/dp/1476736472 3D printed Eiffel tower time lapse: Plastic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqQAjkZOBeY How it Works: Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yiUUZxp7bLQ Order of the Engineer: https://order-of-the-engineer.org/ Additive Manufacturing Facility (AMF) on the ISS: https://madeinspace.us/capabilities-and-technology/additive-manufacturing-facility/ Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

In this week's episode, we shine the spotlight on Lagrange Points! How can you be stationary but be moving at the same time in space? Who discovered Lagrange Points? Why are they useful? Tune in to find out all about them! Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Anna's Sources: “Catalog of Earth Satellite Orbits.” NASA, NASA, earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/OrbitsCatalog/page2.php. “Earth Mass.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 18 June 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_mass. “The Five Lagrange Points.” ESA, www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2021/05/The_five_Lagrange_points. Howell, Elizabeth. “Lagrange Points: Parking Places in Space.” Space.com, Space, 22 Aug. 2017, www.space.com/30302-lagrange-points.html. “Lagrange Point.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 17 June 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrange_point. “Lagrange Points -- from Eric Weisstein's World of Physics.” Scienceworld.wolfram.com, scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/LagrangePoints.html. “Orbits and Speed – Higher - Solar System, Stability of Orbital Motions, Satellites - Eduqas - GCSE Physics (Single Science) Revision - Eduqas - BBC Bitesize.” BBC News, BBC, www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxhr7p3/revision/4#:~:text=The%20gravitational%20attraction%20between%20two,force%20of%20gravity%20between%20them.&text=This%20means%20that%20objects%20in,than%20objects%20in%20large%20orbits. “Solar Mass.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 2 June 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_mass. “Telescope.” ESA, www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Planck/Telescope. “What Are Lagrange Points?” ESA, www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/What_are_Lagrange_points. “What Is a Lagrange Point?” NASA, NASA, solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/754/what-is-a-lagrange-point/. “What's the Deal with Lagrange Points?” Quantum Rocketry, 24 Nov. 2012, josephshoer.com/blog/2012/11/whats-the-deal-with-lagrange-points/. Henna's Sources: “Edmond Halley.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 20 June 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Halley. Isoperimetric Problems, www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucahmto/latex_html/chapter2_latex2html/node9.html. “Joseph Louis Lagrange | A Short Account of the History of Mathematics.” Joseph Louis Lagrange | A Short Account of the History of Mathematics | W.W. Rouse Ball | Lit2Go ETC, etc.usf.edu/lit2go/218/a-short-account-of-the-history-of-mathematics/5536/joseph-louis-lagrange/. “Leonhard Euler.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 21 June 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler. Nolte, David D. “The Three-Body Problem, Longitude at Sea, and Lagrange's Points.” Galileo Unbound, 7 July 2019, galileo-unbound.blog/2019/07/05/the-three-body-problem-longitude-at-sea-and-lagranges-points/. “The Parking Spaces of Space: The Lagrange Points.” YouTube, YouTube, 15 Dec. 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LjGgJ4ST60.

Hey there space cadets! Grab your coffee (or other beverage of choice) and come hang out with Anna and Henna chat about their favorite things in space (or just in general) right now! We have Merch!! https://www.butitisrocketscience.com/shop Find us on social media! Instagram: butitisrocketscience Twitter: butitisRS Facebook: But it is Rocket Science Target Designer Dress Collection: https://www.target.com/c/designer-dress-collection/-/N-jub7y Dolce de Leche Recipe: As a side note, Anna loves this youtube channel. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2J0ICGYsBL4 Nasa selects two missions to study Venus: https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-selects-2-missions-to-study-lost-habitable-world-of-venus/ Is there life on Venus? https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/14/science/venus-life-clouds.html Kat Echazarreta Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/kat_echz/?hl=en Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6UJNc_HIf08E6m2l9CDJBA?view_as=subscriber Gunjan Saxena: The Kargil Girl https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10350626/ Good Omens Book: https://www.amazon.com/Good-Omens-Accurate-Prophecies-Nutter/dp/0060853980 TV Show: https://www.amazon.com/Good-Omens-Season-1/dp/B089XW1Z6Y Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

How much do you know about the different types of Rocket Fuel? Welcome to the second episode of our "Rocket Fuel" series where we cover a classic, Liquid Rocket Propellants! We have Merch!! https://www.butitisrocketscience.com/shop Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/butitisrocketscience/?hl=en Twitter: https://twitter.com/butitisrs?lang=en Facebook: https://twitter.com/butitisrs?lang=en Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Henna's Sources: Basics of Space Flight: Rocket Propellants, www.braeunig.us/space/propel.htm. “Liquid Rocket Propellant.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 May 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_rocket_propellant. Martinez-Sanchez, Manual. Lecture 20: Combustion of Liquid Propellants . Lecture 20: Combustion of Liquid Propellants . Nikischenko, IgorN., et al. “Improving the Performance of LOX/Kerosene Upper Stage Rocket Engines.” Propulsion and Power Research, vol. 6, no. 3, 2017, pp. 157–176., doi:10.1016/j.jppr.2017.07.008. Nufer, B. HYPERGOLIC PROPELLANTS: THE HANDLING HAZARDS AND LESSONS LEARNED FROM USE. NASA Kennedy Space Center, ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20100042352/downloads/20100042352.pdf. “PROPELLANTS.” NASA, NASA, history.nasa.gov/conghand/propelnt.htm. “SpaceX Raptor.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 6 May 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceX_Raptor. Anna's Sources: Clark, John Drury, and Isaac Asimov. “Ignition!: an Informal History of Liquid Rocket Propellants.” Amazon, Rutgers University Press, 2017, www.amazon.com/Ignition-Informal-Propellants-University-Classics/dp/0813595835 “Comparison of Orbital Rocket Engines.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 2 May 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_orbital_rocket_engines. Dunbar, Brian. “Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky.” NASA, NASA, 5 June 2013, www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/rocketry/home/konstantin-tsiolkovsky.html. Garner, Rob. “Dr. Robert H. Goddard, American Rocketry Pioneer.” NASA, NASA, 11 Feb. 2015, www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/about/history/dr_goddard.html. “Isaac Asimov.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 17 May 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov. “Liquid Rocket Propellant.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 May 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_rocket_propellant. “RP-1.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 20 Apr. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RP-1. Salge, Christoph. “Asimov's Laws Won't Stop Robots from Harming Humans, So We've Developed a Better Solution.” Scientific American, Scientific American, 11 July 2017, www.scientificamerican.com/article/asimovs-laws-wont-stop-robots-from-harming-humans-so-weve-developed-a-better-solution/. “V-2 Rocket.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 13 May 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-2_rocket.

What ever happened to Pluto? Anna was missing Pluto so we decided to embark on a journey to learn all about the planet that once was... tune in to learn some cool Pluto-related facts, history, and engineering as well as the passionate debate that still exists over its classification! Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Anna's Sources: Cain, Fraser. “How Far Is Mercury from Earth?” Universe Today, 9 Aug. 2016, www.universetoday.com/14165/distance-from-earth-to-mercury/ Choi, Charles Q. “Dwarf Planet Pluto: Facts About the Icy Former Planet.” Space.com, Space, 14 Nov. 2017, www.space.com/43-pluto-the-ninth-planet-that-was-a-dwarf.html. Choi, Charles Q. “Surprise! Pluto May Have Possessed a Subsurface Ocean at Birth.” Scientific American, Scientific American, 23 June 2020, www.scientificamerican.com/article/surprise-pluto-may-have-possessed-a-subsurface-ocean-at-birth. Greenfieldboyce, Nell. “Pluto Has White-Capped Mountains, But Not Because There's Snow.” NPR, NPR, 13 Oct. 2020, www.npr.org/2020/10/13/923209728/pluto-has-white-capped-mountains-but-not-because-theres-snow. “How Dry Ice Is Made.” CryoCarb, 8 Oct. 2020, cryocarb.com/how-dry-ice-is-made. Howell, Elizabeth. “Interesting Facts About Pluto.” Universe Today, 23 Dec. 2015, www.universetoday.com/13872/interesting-facts-about-pluto/. “In Depth.” NASA, NASA, 19 Dec. 2019, solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/pluto-moons/charon/in-depth/. “In Depth.” NASA, NASA, 19 Dec. 2019, solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/pluto-moons/charon/in-depth/. Redd, Nola Taylor. “How Far Away Is Pluto?” Space.com, Space, 20 Feb. 2016, www.space.com/18566-pluto-distance.html. Redd, Nola Taylor. “The Kuiper Belt: Objects at the Edge of the Solar System.” Space.com, Space, 30 Apr. 2019, www.space.com/16144-kuiper-belt-objects.html. Sharp, Tim. “How Big Is the Moon?” Space.com, Space, 28 Oct. 2017, www.space.com/18135-how-big-is-the-moon.html. Pluto with Heart Picture: www.nasa.gov/feature/new-horizons-spacecraft-displays-pluto-s-big-heart-0. Pluto/Charon Tidal Lock Gif: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_locking#/media/File:Pluto-Charon_System.gif Henna's Sources: “1894.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Apr. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1894. “1906.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 30 Mar. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906. “About the Festival.” I Heart Pluto Festival 2021, iheartpluto.org/about/#history. “Elizabeth Langdon Williams.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 17 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Langdon_Williams. “Percival Lowell.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Apr. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percival_Lowell. “Pluto.” NASA, NASA, 15 Feb. 2021, solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/dwarf-planets/pluto/overview/. Clearning the NEIGHBORHOOD: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgbpEuWkEFI&ab_channel=ParallaxNick https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=azbLNSKDQrM&ab_channel=LowellObservatory Library of Congress article on the IAU’s decision: https://www.loc.gov/everyday-mysteries/astronomy/item/why-is-pluto-no-longer-a-planet/#:~:text=The%20International%20Astronomical%20Union%20(IAU,neighboring%20region%20of%20other%20objects.%E2%80%9D “Why Is Pluto No Longer a Planet?” The Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/everyday-mysteries/astronomy/item/why-is-pluto-no-longer-a-planet/.

Hey there space cadets! This episode is a little different! Grab your coffee (or other beverage of choice) and come hang out with Anna and Henna as they answer one of your questions and chat about their favorite things in space right now! We have Merch!! https://www.butitisrocketscience.com/shop Find us on social media! Instagram: butitisrocketscience Twitter: butitisRS Facebook: But it is Rocket Science Vanilla Coffee Syrup Recipe: https://www.mybakingaddiction.com/homemade-vanilla-coffee-syrup/ Away: https://www.netflix.com/title/80214512 https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8787802/ How the Universe Works: Mission to a Comet https://www.sciencechannel.com/tv-shows/how-the-universe-works/full-episodes/mission-to-a-comet Mission Mangal: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9248972/ he Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

HERA is a mission done by NASA on planet Earth. Tune in to learn about analog missions, why this mission is so important for astronauts and how you can participate! We have Merch!! https://www.butitisrocketscience.com/shop Want to Apply to the HERA project? https://www.nasa.gov/analogs/hera Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Anna's Sources: Andrianopoulos, Vasileios, et al. “Domains of Cognitive Function.” ResearchGate, Breath, 2017, www.researchgate.net/figure/Major-domains-of-cognitive-function_fig1_316673061. Basner, Mathias, et al. “Development and Validation of the Cognition Test Battery for Spaceflight.” Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance, vol. 86, no. 11, 2015, pp. 942–952., doi:10.3357/amhp.4343.2015. “Hera • Facts and Information on Greek Goddess Hera.” Greek Gods & Goddesses, 7 Feb. 2017, greekgodsandgoddesses.net/goddesses/hera/. Mars, Kelli. “About HERA.” NASA, NASA, 26 May 2016, www.nasa.gov/analogs/hera/about. Nasrini, Jad, et al. “Cognitive Performance During Confinement and Sleep Restriction in NASA’s Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA).” Frontiers in Physiology, vol. 11, 2020, doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00394. Henna's Sources: “Human Research Program Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA) Facility and Capabilities Information.” NASA, ROI - Flight Analogs Human Research Program, July 2019, www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/2019_hera_facility_capabilities_information.pdf. Mars, Kelli. “About Analog Missions.” NASA, NASA, 17 Feb. 2016, www.nasa.gov/analogs/what-are-analog-missions.

The Perseverance Mars rover landed safely! Do you know how they did it? Listen up and learn all about the craziness that is the skycrane! You're Wrong About: https://yourewrongabout.com/ Maintenance Phase: http://maintenancephase.com/ Perseverance Landing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4czjS9h4Fpg Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Anna's Sources: Administrator, NASA Content. “Curiosity's Sky Crane Maneuver, Artist's Concept.” NASA, NASA, 8 Oct. 2015, www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/multimedia/gallery/pia14839.html. Betz, Eric. “The Skycrane: How NASA's Perseverance Rover Will Land on Mars.” Astronomy.com, 18 Feb. 2021, astronomy.com/news/2021/02/skycrane-how-perseverance-will-land-on-mars. Coulter, Dauna. “Strange but True: Curiosity's Sky Crane.” Phys.org, Phys.org, 31 July 2012, phys.org/news/2012-07-strange-true-curiosity-sky-crane.html. “Curiosity's Skycrane Maneuver.” The Planetary Society, www.planetary.org/space-images/curiositys-skycrane-maneuver. “How Curiosity Will Land on Mars, Part 1: Entry.” The Planetary Society, www.planetary.org/articles/06221711-how-curiosity-land-part-1. “How Curiosity Will Land on Mars, Part 2: Descent.” The Planetary Society, www.planetary.org/articles/06290700-how-curiosity-land-part-2. “How Curiosity Will Land on Mars, Part 3: Skycrane and Landing.” The Planetary Society, www.planetary.org/articles/07060700-how-curiosity-land-part-3. “Watch Online: TV Schedule.” NASA, NASA, mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/timeline/landing/watch-online/. Henna's Sources: Berger, By Brian. “Helicopter Inspires NASA's Mars Lander.” NBCNews.com, NBCUniversal News Group, 29 Nov. 2006, www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna15953785. Betz, Eric. “The Skycrane: How NASA's Perseverance Rover Will Land on Mars.” Astronomy.com, 18 Feb. 2021, astronomy.com/news/2021/02/skycrane-how-perseverance-will-land-on-mars. “Mars Exploration Rovers.” NASA, NASA, 7 Sept. 2019, mars.nasa.gov/mars-exploration/missions/mars-exploration-rovers/. “Sikorsky S-64 Skycrane.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 20 Feb. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorsky_S-64_Skycrane. “The Sky Crane Solution.” NASA, NASA, appel.nasa.gov/2012/07/31/the-sky-crane-solution/#:~:text=The%20novel%20solution%20the%20MSL,essentially%20hover%20as%20it%20lowers. “The Sky Crane Solution.” NASA, NASA, appel.nasa.gov/2012/07/31/the-sky-crane-solution/#:~:text=The%20novel%20solution%20the%20MSL,essentially%20hover%20as%20it%20lowers. “Strange but True: Curiosity's Sky Crane.” NASA, NASA, science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2012/30jul_skycrane. “Viking 1 & 2.” NASA, NASA, 7 Sept. 2019, mars.nasa.gov/mars-exploration/missions/viking-1-2/.

What is space junk? Space is so big, why is it a problem?? We'd love for you to join us as we discuss space debris and its fascinating history. Tune in to learn more! Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Henna's Sources: “ARES.” NASA, NASA, www.orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/reentry/. “ESA Commissions World's First Space Debris Removal.” ESA, www.esa.int/Safety_Security/Clean_Space/ESA_commissions_world_s_first_space_debris_removal. Garcia, Mark. “Space Debris and Human Spacecraft.” NASA, NASA, 14 Apr. 2015, www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/news/orbital_debris.html. Jessica DuronioMonday, November 16, and Jessica Duronio is a second-year graduate student at The George Washington University’s Elliott School of International Affairs. “The Need for US Leadership in Remediating Space Debris.” The Space Review: The Need for US Leadership in Remediating Space Debris, www.thespacereview.com/article/4068/1. Keeter, Bill. “Space Debris.” NASA, NASA, 5 Dec. 2018, www.nasa.gov/centers/hq/library/find/bibliographies/space_debris. Matignon, Louis de Gouyon. “The Kessler Syndrome and Space Debris.” Space Legal Issues, 18 June 2019, www.spacelegalissues.com/space-law-the-kessler-syndrome/. Matignon, Louis de Gouyon. “The Legal Status of Space Debris.” Space Legal Issues, 3 Aug. 2019, www.spacelegalissues.com/the-legal-status-of-space-debris/. Anna's Sources: “2007 Chinese Anti-Satellite Missile Test.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Dec. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Chinese_anti-satellite_missile_test. “Anti-Satellite Weapon.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 25 Feb. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-satellite_weapon. Broad, William J. “Radioactive Debris in Space Threatens Satellites in Use.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 26 Feb. 1995, www.nytimes.com/1995/02/26/world/radioactive-debris-in-space-threatens-satellites-in-use.html?pagewanted=all. “Chernobyl Disaster.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Feb. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster. “China's Anti-Satellite Test.” Council on Foreign Relations, Council on Foreign Relations, www.cfr.org/backgrounder/chinas-anti-satellite-test. Coldewey, Devin. “FCC Updates Orbital Debris Rules for the First Time since 2004.” TechCrunch, TechCrunch, 23 Apr. 2020, techcrunch.com/2020/04/23/fcc-updates-orbital-debris-rules-for-the-first-time-since-2004/. “Combined Space Operations Center.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 14 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_Space_Operations_Center. “Fengyun.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 7 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fengyun. Harrington, Rebecca. “Dozens of Dead Nuclear Reactors Are Floating in Space, and They'll Eventually Hit the Earth.” Business Insider, Business Insider, 10 Mar. 2016, www.businessinsider.com/nuclear-powered-satellites-space-2016-3. “International Space Station.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Feb. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station. Keeter, Bill. “Space Debris.” NASA, NASA, 5 Dec. 2018, www.nasa.gov/centers/hq/library/find/bibliographies/space_debris. “Kosmos 954.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 1 Feb. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmos_954. “List of Space Debris Producing Events.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_space_debris_producing_events. Michael ListnerMonday, February 13, et al. “Iridium 33 and Cosmos 2251 Three Years Later: Where Are We Now?” The Space Review: Iridium 33 and Cosmos 2251 Three Years Later: Where Are We Now?, www.thespacereview.com/article/2023/1. Secure World Foundation. 2009 Iridium Cosmos Collision Fact Sheet. swfound.org/media/6575/swf_iridium_cosmos_collision_fact_sheet_updated_2012.pdf. “Truly Global Communications.” Iridium Satellite Communications, www.iridium.com/.

How much do you know about the different types of Rocket Fuel? Are solid rocket motors really solid? Welcome to the first episode of our "Rocket Fuel" series! Note from Anna: Love Island does not really take place on a island. My apologies to anyone who was mislead by this information. Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Anna's Sources: Basics of Space Flight: Rocket Propellants, www.braeunig.us/space/propel.htm. “PROPELLANTS.” NASA, NASA, history.nasa.gov/conghand/propelnt.htm. Rao, B. Nageswara. “Fracture of Solid Rocket Propellant Grains.” Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol. 43, no. 3, 17 Sept. 1991, pp. 455–459., doi:10.1016/s0013-7944(92)90113-S. Richard Nakka's Experimental Rocketry Site, www.nakka-rocketry.net/impcalc.html. “Rocket Propulsion.” NASA, NASA, www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/rocket. “SOLID ROCKET BOOSTERS.” NASA, NASA, science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/technology/sts-newsref/srb.html. “Solid Rocket Engine.” NASA, NASA, www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/srockth.html. “Solid-Propellant Rocket.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-propellant_rocket. “Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 4 Feb. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Solid_Rocket_Booster#Segment_cases. Henna's Sources: Chaturvedi, Shalini, and Pragnesh N. Dave. “Solid Propellants: AP/HTPB Composite Propellants.” Arabian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 12, no. 8, Dec. 2019, pp. 2061–2068., doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.12.033. DeLuca, Luigi T. “Highlights of Solid Rocket Propulsion History.” Chemical Rocket Propulsion, 2016, pp. 1015–1032., doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27748-6_42. “Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 2 Dec. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyl-terminated_polybutadiene. “ISRO Successfully Launches India's 42nd Communication Satellite CMS-01: The Weather Channel - Articles from The Weather Channel.” The Weather Channel, weather.com/en-IN/india/space/news/2020-12-17-isro-successfully-launches-indias-42nd-communication-satellite. “JATO.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 9 Dec. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JATO. Klager, K., and J.m. Wrightson. “RECENT ADVANCES IN SOLID PROPELLANT BINDER CHEMISTRY.” Mechanics and Chemistry of Solid Propellants, Pergamon, 27 June 2014, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781483198378500107. “M-V.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Dec. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-V. “Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 4 Feb. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle. “Solid-Propellant Rocket.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-propellant_rocket#Double-base_(DB)_propellants. Solon, Olivia. “Occultist Father of Rocketry 'Written out' of Nasa's History.” WIRED UK, WIRED UK, 4 Oct. 2017, www.wired.co.uk/article/jpl-jack-parsons.

Have you ever wondered how radio telescopes work? Why was the recent news on the Arecibo so important? Tune in to our latest episode to find out! Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Henna's Sources: “Arecibo Message.” SETI Institute, www.seti.org/seti-institute/project/details/arecibo-message. “Arecibo Message.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 13 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecibo_message. “Arecibo Telescope.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecibo_Telescope. Arecibo: Facts and Figures, NSF, www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/arecibo/Arecibo_Fact_Sheet_11_20.pdf. “Electromagnetic Spectrum.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Dec. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum. “Hulse–Taylor Binary.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 14 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulse%E2%80%93Taylor_binary. Hurley, Natasha. How Radio Telescopes Show Us Unseen Galaxies. YouTube, 16 May 2017, www.youtube.com/watch?v=nFEgRt2EH1g&t=333s&ab_channel=TED. “National Schools' Observatory.” Arecibo Observatory | National Schools' Observatory, www.schoolsobservatory.org/learn/eng/tels/groundtel/arecibo. “Neutron Star.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_star. “Pulsar.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 14 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsar. Radio Image, www.gb.nrao.edu/epo/image.html. “What Are Radio Telescopes?” National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 27 Nov. 2019, public.nrao.edu/telescopes/radio-telescopes/. Anna's Sources: Adee, Sally. “War by Any Means: The Story of DARPA.” New Scientist, 22 Mar. 2017, www.newscientist.com/article/2125337-war-by-any-means-the-story-of-darpa/. “American Nonprofit Research Institute.” SRI International, 19 Jan. 2021, www.sri.com/. “Arecibo Observatory.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecibo_Observatory. “Arecibo, Puerto Rico Latitude Longitude.” Arecibo Latitude Longitude, latitudelongitude.org/pr/arecibo/. “Dwight D Eisenhower and Science and Technology.” Dwight D Eisenhower Memorial Commission, web.archive.org/web/20101027163454/eisenhowermemorial.org/onepage/IKE%20%26%20Science.Oct08.EN.FINAL%20%28v2%29.pdf. “F Region.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., www.britannica.com/science/F-region. Gohd, Chelsea. “China Is Opening the World's Largest Radio Telescope up to International Scientists.” Space.com, Space, 18 Dec. 2020, www.space.com/china-fast-radio-telescope-open-international-scientists. History.com Editors. “Red Scare.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 1 June 2010, www.history.com/topics/cold-war/red-scare. History.com Editors. “The 1950s.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 17 June 2010, www.history.com/topics/cold-war/1950s. “Milestones:NAIC/Arecibo Radiotelescope, 1963.” Milestones:NAIC/Arecibo Radiotelescope, 1963 - Engineering and Technology History Wiki, ethw.org/Milestones:NAIC/Arecibo_Radiotelescope,_1963. “Milutin Milankovitch.” NASA, NASA, earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/Milankovitch/milankovitch_2.php#:~:text=Obliquity%20(change%20in%20axial%20tilt)&text=Today%2C%20the%20Earth's%20axis%20is,between%2022.1%20and%2024.5%20degrees. “National Science Foundation - Where Discoveries Begin.” US NSF - Dear Colleague Letter: National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center (NAIC) (NSF 09-014), www.nsf.gov/pubs/2009/nsf09014/nsf09014.jsp. Tracking Solar Flares, solar-center.stanford.edu/SID/activities/ionosphere.html. Witze, Alexandra. “Gut-Wrenching Footage Documents Arecibo Telescope's Collapse.” Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 2 Dec. 2020, www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03421-y. Witze, Alexandra. “Legendary Arecibo Telescope Will Close Forever - Scientists Are Reeling.” Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 19 Nov. 2020, www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03270-9.

Happy New Year, Space Cadets! We are so excited to be back! Have you ever wondered what the Vomit Comet was? How do those anti-gravity simulator airplanes work anyway? Come hang out with us, your friendly neighborhood Aerospace Engineers, and learn all about Reduced Gravity Aircraft! Music from https://filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (https://incompetech.com) License: CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Anna's Sources: “Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 28 Dec. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_KC-135_Stratotanker. Dunbar, Brian. “It's a Bird. It's a Plane. It's a Student?” NASA, NASA, www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/researchernews/rn_ZeroGravity.html. “Falcon 1.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 5 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falcon_1. HABER, F, and H HABER. “Possible methods of producing the gravity-free state for medical research.” The Journal of aviation medicine vol. 21,5 (1950): 395-400. Possible Methods of Producing the Gravity-Free State for Medical Research, PDF Copy: https://motamem.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/space-medicine-classics-parabolic-flight.pdf “Heinz Haber.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz_Haber. “Home - ZERO-G.” ZERO, 17 Dec. 2020, www.gozerog.com/home/. pwood@news-gazette.com, Paul Wood. “New Chancellor Took Her Own Path.” Gazette, 25 June 2019, www.news-gazette.com/news/new-chancellor-took-her-own-path/article_83ee0f63-96a4-5ae5-85b1-61595156d4c0.html. “Reduced-Gravity Aircraft.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Dec. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced-gravity_aircraft#cite_note-3. “Shih-Chun Wang.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Dec. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shih-Chun_Wang#cite_note-news-gazette.com-7. Henna's Sources: Karmali, Faisal, and Mark Shelhamer. “The Dynamics of Parabolic Flight: Flight Characteristics and Passenger Percepts.” Acta Astronautica, Pergamon, 27 June 2008, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0094576508001574. “Reduced-Gravity Aircraft.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Dec. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced-gravity_aircraft#cite_note-3. Charlene Brooks, et al. “Free Falling: the Science of Weightlessness.” Science in the News, 18 Oct. 2018, sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2018/free-falling-the-science-of-weightlessness/.

Did you know solar sails are different than solar panels? They're these large sheets, thinner than your hair, that can propel spacecraft! How do they work? What missions have used them? Tune in to learn about the amazing engineering behind solar sails! Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Henna's Sources: “A Brief History of Solar Sails.” NASA, NASA, science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2008/31jul_solarsails. Etherington, Darrell. “Crowdfunded LightSail 2 Spacecraft Succeeds in Flying on Sunlight Alone.” TechCrunch, TechCrunch, 31 July 2019, techcrunch.com/2019/07/31/crowdfunded-lightsail-2-spacecraft-succeeds-in-flying-on-sunlight-alone/. Etherington, Darrell. “Crowdfunded LightSail 2 Spacecraft Succeeds in Flying on Sunlight Alone.” TechCrunch, TechCrunch, 31 July 2019, techcrunch.com/2019/07/31/crowdfunded-lightsail-2-spacecraft-succeeds-in-flying-on-sunlight-alone/. “In Depth.” NASA, NASA, 24 July 2019, solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-10/in-depth/. Johnson, Les, et al. “Status of Solar Sail Technology Within NASA.” NASA Technical Reports Server, 20 July 2010, ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20100039163. Johnson, Les, et al. “NanoSail-D: A Solar Sail Demonstration Mission.” Acta Astronautica, vol. 68, no. 5-6, 2011, pp. 571–575., doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.02.008. “LightSail.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LightSail. “Mars Orbiter Mission.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 27 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission. “Project Echo.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 25 July 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Echo. Tsuda, Y., et al. “Flight Status of IKAROS Deep Space Solar Sail Demonstrator.” Acta Astronautica, vol. 69, no. 9-10, 2011, pp. 833–840., doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.06.005. “What Is Solar Sailing?” The Planetary Society, www.planetary.org/articles/what-is-solar-sailing. Anna's Sources: Breakthrough Initiatives, breakthroughinitiatives.org/about. “Breakthrough Starshot.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Nov. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough_Starshot. “Dooku's Solar Sailer.” Wookieepedia, starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Dooku's_solar_sailer. Johnson, L., McKenzie, D., & Newmark, J. (2020). The Solar Cruiser Mission Concept — Enabling New Vistas for Heliophysics. Bulletin of the AAS, 52(3). Retrieved from https://baas.aas.org/pub/aas236-106p08-johnson Libretexts. “29.4: Photon Momentum.” Physics LibreTexts, Libretexts, 10 Sept. 2020, phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/College_Physics/Book:_College_Physics_(OpenStax)/29:_Introduction_to_Quantum_Physics/29.04:_Photon_Momentum. Mann, Adam. “What Is a Solar Sail?” Space.com, Space, 3 July 2019, www.space.com/solar-sail.html. Marshall Space Flight Center. “Solar Sail Propulsion.” National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 25 Apr. 2005, www.nasa.gov/pdf/134645main_solar_sail_fs.pdf. McAlpine, Jennifer. “How Big Is a Micron?” Benchmark_R_1CWhite, www.bench.com/setting-the-benchmark/how-big-is-a-micron. “NASA Heliophysics.” NASA, NASA, science.nasa.gov/heliophysics. Patel, Prachi. “Solar Sail Spacecraft Could Explore Beyond Solar System.” Space.com, Space, 2 Sept. 2010, www.space.com/9051-solar-sail-spacecraft-explore-solar-system.html. “Photoelectric Effect.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Nov. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect. “Photon.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Nov. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon. The Planetary Society. “How Do Solar Sails Work? Bill Nye Explains.” Youtube, 2 Aug. 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=ORQNgKnKVvM. “Quantum.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum. “Sailing Basics: 10 Nautical & Sailing Terms To Know.” Discover Boating, www.discoverboating.com/resources/sailing-basics-10-nautical-sailing-terms-to-know. “What Is Solar Sailing?” The Planetary Society, www.planetary.org/articles/what-is-solar-sailing.

Have you ever wondered what Astronauts snack on? Is it any good? Do they get to pick what they eat? Grab a snack of your own and learn all about the evolution of Space Food! Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Henna's Sources: Briardo Llorente CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Fellow. “How to Grow Crops on Mars If We Are to Live on the Red Planet.” The Conversation, 21 Oct. 2019, theconversation.com/how-to-grow-crops-on-mars-if-we-are-to-live-on-the-red-planet-99943. Dunbar, Brian. “Human Needs: Sustaining Life During Exploration.” NASA, NASA, www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/everydaylife/jamestown-needs-fs.html. “FRIDGE.” BioServe Space Technologies, 25 Sept. 2020, www.colorado.edu/center/bioserve/fridge. Gibson, Eleanor. “Scientists Develop ‘Greenhouse Shields’ to Grow Food on Mars.” Dezeen, 16 July 2019, www.dezeen.com/2019/07/16/harvard-university-scientists-develop-greenhouse-shields-growing-food-on-mars/. Leah Burrows | Press contact. “A Material Way to Make Mars Habitable.” A Material Way to Make Mars Habitable | Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 15 July 2019, www.seas.harvard.edu/news/2019/07/material-way-make-mars-habitable. Mankarious, Sarah-Grace. “Floating Food: The History of Eating in Space.” CNN, Cable News Network, 19 July 2019, www.cnn.com/2019/07/19/world/apollo-space-food-history-scn/index.html. Mars, Kelli. “Space Station 20th: Food on ISS.” NASA, NASA, 14 Aug. 2020, www.nasa.gov/feature/space-station-20th-food-on-iss. Reppenhagen, Author: Cory. “A Refrigerator from CU Boulder Could Change the Future of Astronaut Food.” KUSA.com, 7 Oct. 2020, www.9news.com/article/tech/science/astronauts-to-receive-first-space-fridge-from-cu-boulder/73-c4148d0b-8f59-4b6c-873b-9b8b13356bb3. Sharp, Tim. “What Is the Temperature on Mars?” Space.com, Space, 30 Nov. 2017, www.space.com/16907-what-is-the-temperature-of-mars.html. Wild, Flint. “Eating in Space.” NASA, NASA, 8 June 2015, www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/stem-on-station/ditl_eating. Anna's Sources: Bschroeder. “Space Food.” Space Foundation Discovery Center, www.discoverspace.org/exhibit/space-food/. “Food in Space.” Food in Space | National Air and Space Museum, airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/apollo-to-the-moon/online/astronaut-life/food-in-space.cfm. “Gordon Cooper.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Cooper. “John Glenn.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Glenn. Lane, Helen W, and Daniel L Feeback. “History of Nutrition in Space Flight.” Nutrition, vol. 18, no. 10, 2002, pp. 797–804., doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(02)00946-2. Mankarious, Sarah-Grace. “Floating Food: The History of Eating in Space.” CNN, Cable News Network, 19 July 2019, www.cnn.com/2019/07/19/world/apollo-space-food-history-scn/index.html. “Space Food.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_food. Stepanova, Anastasia. “How Russian Space Food Has Evolved over the Years.” Russia Beyond, 24 June 2018, www.rbth.com/russian-kitchen/328572-russian-space-food-evolution. Watson, Stephanie. “How Space Food Works.” HowStuffWorks Science, HowStuffWorks, 27 Jan. 2020, science.howstuffworks.com/space-food1.htm. “Yuri Gagarin.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 25 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin.

The spooky party keeps going with our latest episode! Area 51 has been one of the US's most well kept secrets until a few years ago when some goosebump-inducing information was released. Is Area 51 real? Where is it? What secrets does it hold? What would happen if we tried to visit? Tune into our latest episode of spooky month to learn more! Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Dopplerette by Kevin MacLeod Link: https://filmmusic.io/song/3668-dopplerette License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Anna's Sources: Abell, John C. “July 8, 1947: Roswell Incident Launches UFO Controversy.” Wired, Conde Nast, 14 Jan. 2018, www.wired.com/2010/07/0708army-announces-roswell-new-mexico-ufo-sighting/. Berlitz, Charles, and William L. Moore. “Accadde a Roswell.” Amazon, Sperling & Kupfer, 1996, www.amazon.com/Roswell-Incident-Charles-Berlitz/dp/1567311326. “Chief of Police.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 14 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_of_police. “Cold War.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 17 Sept. 2020, www.britannica.com/event/Cold-War. Gildenberg, B. D. "A Roswell requiem." Skeptic [Altadena, CA], vol. 10, no. 1, 2003, p. 60+. Gale Academic OneFile, . Accessed 10 Oct. 2020. https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA101495912&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=10639330&p=AONE&sw=w Gildenberg, B.D. "Defense of 'A Roswell Requiem'." Skeptic [Altadena, CA], vol. 10, no. 4, 2004, p. 20. Gale Academic OneFile, . Accessed 7 Oct. 2020. https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA116184164&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=fulltext&issn=10639330&p=AONE&sw=w https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/sep/24/area-51-raid-event-what-happened-nevada McAndrew, James. The Roswell Report: Case Closed, US Air Force, 1997, media.defense.gov/2010/Oct/27/2001330219/-1/-1/0/AFD-101027-030.pdf. McFall-Johnsen, Morgan. “Before Area 51, the US' First 'UFO' Controversy Uncovered a Top-Secret Military Project.” Business Insider, Business Insider, 20 Sept. 2019, www.businessinsider.com/storm-area-51-real-story-of-first-ufo-sighting-2019-7. Patrick. “Roswell 1947 - Newspapers in 1947.” Ufo - UFOS at Close Sight: Roswell 1947, the Press, Roswell Daily Record, July 9, web.archive.org/web/20090109043134/ufologie.net/rw/p/roswelldailyrecord9jul1947.htm. “Ray Santilli.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 30 Aug. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Santilli. The Roswell Report: Fact versus Fiction in the New Mexico Desert, US Air Force, 1995, apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA326148.pdf. “Roswell UFO Incident.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roswell_UFO_incident. Henna's Sources: Aguilera, Jasmine. “Everything to Know About Area 51's Mysterious History.” Time, Time, 17 July 2019, time.com/5627694/area-51-history/. Alleah. “51 Surprising Area 51 Facts That You Never Knew About.” Facts.net, Facts.net, 10 Sept. 2020, facts.net/world/landmarks/area-51-facts. “Area 51.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51. Brandenburg, M., Roy, C. Conspiracy Theories. Area 51. Podcast. History.com Editors. “What Goes on at Area 51?” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 16 Jan. 2013, www.history.com/news/what-goes-on-at-area-51. “Lockheed A-12.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 20 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_A-12. “Lockheed Have Blue.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 20 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Have_Blue. Project Aquatone, CIA, 26 Jan. 1956, www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP62B00844R000200260063-6.pdf. “U2.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 9 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U2.

It's October, so you know what that means? It's time to get SPOOKY! We're kicking off Spooky month with one of Henna's favorite's: Project Blue Book. Do you believe in UFOs? Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Anna's Sources: Dunbar, Brian. “Hypersonic X-43A Takes Flight.” NASA, NASA, www.nasa.gov/missions/research/x43-main.html. History.com Editors. “Red Scare.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 1 June 2010, www.history.com/topics/cold-war/red-scare. “Kenneth Arnold UFO Sighting.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Arnold_UFO_sighting. “Kenneth Arnold.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Arnold. “Lead in Paint.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 30 July 2019, www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/prevention/sources/paint.htm. “Northrop YB-35.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 4 July 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northrop_YB-35. “Orographic Lift.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 25 Aug. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orographic_lift. Paur, Jason. “Oct. 14, 1947: Yeager Machs the Sound Barrier.” Wired, Conde Nast, 10 Sept. 2018, www.wired.com/2009/10/1014yeager-breaks-mach-1/. “Prospector.” Prospector Noun - Definition, Pictures, Pronunciation and Usage Notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com, www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/prospector. “Red Scare.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Scare. “Speed of Sound.” ScienceDaily, ScienceDaily, www.sciencedaily.com/terms/speed_of_sound.htm. “Vought XF5U.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 27 Aug. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vought_XF5U. Waldek, Stefanie. “History's Most Infamous UFO Sightings.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 6 July 2017, www.history.com/news/historys-most-infamous-ufo-sightings. Henna's Sources: Apple, Charles. “UFOs over Washington: The First Report of 'Flying Saucers'.” Spokesman.com, The Spokesman-Review, 23 June 2020, www.spokesman.com/stories/2020/jun/23/ufos-over-washington-first-report-flying-saucers/. “Close Encounter.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 5 Aug. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_encounter. “Close Encounters of the Third Kind.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 2 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_Encounters_of_the_Third_Kind. Hall, Richard H. The UFO Evidence. Vol. 1, The National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP), 1964. https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP81R00560R000100010001-0.pdf Jackson, Matthew. “Little-Known Sci-Fi Fact: How a Misquote Created the UFO Term 'Flying Saucer'.” SYFY WIRE, SYFY WIRE, 24 June 2015, www.syfy.com/syfywire/little-known-sci-fi-fact-how-misquote-created-ufo-term-flying-saucer. “Lubbock Lights.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock_Lights. “National Investigations Committee On Aerial Phenomena.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 9 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Investigations_Committee_On_Aerial_Phenomena. Ott, Tim. “J. Allen Hynek.” Biography.com, A&E Networks Television, 22 Jan. 2020, www.biography.com/scientist/j-allen-hynek. “Project BLUE BOOK - Unidentified Flying Objects.” National Archives and Records Administration, National Archives and Records Administration, www.archives.gov/research/military/air-force/ufos. “Project Blue Book.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Blue_Book. Ruppelt, Edward J. The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects. Ace Books, 1956.

Hey there Space Cadets! Don't worry, there is still a new episode this week! Henna and I were guests on the Off-Nominal Podcast on Sunday, September 20th with host Jake Robins and guest host Emilee Speck. You can listen to it by searching for Off-Nominal in your Favorite Podcast App. It is "Episode 34 - Repeatedly Googling Area 51". You can also check out the recording of the live steam on the Off-Nominal Youtube channel! Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Podcast Episode: https://www.offnominal.space/episodes/34 Youtube Livestream: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OXgXIxpnQVE&t=4207s Jake Robins: https://twitter.com/jakeonorbit?lang=en https://twitter.com/we_martians https://wemartians.com/ Emilee Speck: https://twitter.com/EMSpeck https://www.clickorlando.com/news/local/2020/08/24/introducing-space-curious-a-new-podcast-by-wkmg-news-6/

Have you ever wondered how we can send probes all the way to Mercury? Can a spacecraft catch a free ride in space without using extra fuel? Jupiter flyby is a pretty cool term but what does it mean? To get answers to these questions, tune in to our latest episode that's all about gravity assist maneuvers aka slingshot maneuvers! Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Henna's Sources: “A Gravity Assist Primer.” NASA Science, https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/basics/primer/. “Delta-v Budget.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 6 Aug. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta-v_budget. Fly By Trajectories, Delta V & Gravity Assists, YouTube, 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=58Ta0Io-qO4. “Hohmann Transfer Orbit Diagram.” The Planetary Society, www.planetary.org/space-images/hohmann-transfer-orbit. “How Does the Slingshot Effect (or Gravity Assist) Work to Change the Orbit of a Spacecraft?” Scientific American, Scientific American, 11 July 2005, www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-does-the-slingshot-ef/. How To Perform a Gravity Assist, YouTube, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-CqBP-CtM0c “Orbital Maneuver.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Apr. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_maneuver. Wertz, James Richard., and Wiley J. Larson. Space Mission Analysis and Design. Microcosm, 1999. Why Doesn't the Moon Fall to Earth? Exploring Orbits and Gravity, YouTube, 2015, www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKXVRu6JL54. Anna's Sources: Alexander, Donovan. 11 Influential Inventions from the 1920s That You Should Definitely Know About. 20 Sept. 2019, interestingengineering.com/11-influential-inventions-from-the-1920s-that-you-should-definitely-know-about. “Ask an Astronomer.” Cool Cosmos, coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/ask/25-How-far-is-Mercury-from-Earth-. Baikonur Cosmodrome. 1 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome. “BepiColombo Overview.” ESA, www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/BepiColombo_overview2. “BepiColombo.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 30 June 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BepiColombo. Berger, Eric. All Hail Luna 3, Rightful King of 1950s Space Missions. 4 Oct. 2019, arstechnica.com/science/2019/10/all-hail-luna-3-rightful-king-of-1950s-space-missions/. ESA. “Bepicolombo Takes Last Snaps of Earth En Route to Mercury.” ESA Science & Technology , 10 Apr. 2020, sci.esa.int/web/bepicolombo/-/bepicolombo-takes-last-snaps-of-earth-en-route-to-mercury. Friedrich Zander. 5 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Zander. “Giuseppe 'Bepi' Colombo: Grandfather of the Fly-By.” ESA, www.esa.int/About_Us/ESA_history/Giuseppe_Bepi_Colombo_Grandfather_of_the_fly-by. Harbhovska, Olha. Yuriy Kondratyuk: A Ukrainian Mathematician Ahead of His Time. 23 Oct. 2019, www.americahousekyiv.org/ah-blog/2019/10/23/yuriy-kondratyuk-a-ukrainian-mathematician-ahead-of-his-time. In Depth. solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/luna-03/in-depth/. Mars, Kelli. “45 Years Ago: Mariner 10 First to Explore Mercury.” NASA, NASA, 27 Mar. 2019, www.nasa.gov/feature/45-years-ago-mariner-10-first-to-explore-mercury. “Mercury Exploration Mission ‘BepiColombo.’” JAXA, global.jaxa.jp/projects/sas/bepi/. NASA History Newsletter. 1 Oct. 1965, history.nasa.gov/nltr3.pdf. Redd, Nola Taylor. “How Far Away Is Venus?” Space.com, Space, 17 Nov. 2012, www.space.com/18529-distance-to-venus.html. Tidal Locking. 26 Aug. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_locking.

Guess what Space Cadets? It's time for a NEWS BLAST! Did you know the UAE has a Space Program, let alone a Mars Orbiter? Come hang out with us while we take you through an overview of the Hope Probe! Note from Anna: It's Jim Bridenstine not Jim Birdenstine. I always get that wrong. My apologies to Mr. Bridenstine and all the members of the JBFC (http://jimbridenstinefan.club/) Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Anna’s Sources: 2, Jeff Foust — October, and Jeff Foust. “United Arab Emirates to Establish Human Spaceflight Program.” SpaceNews, 30 Jan. 2019, spacenews.com/united-arab-emirates-to-establish-human-spaceflight-program/. Calypsu. “Home.” Home | Emirates Mars Mission, www.emiratesmarsmission.ae/. Clark, Stephen. “United Arab Emirates Successfully Sends Its First Mission toward Mars.” Spaceflight Now, 19 July 2020, spaceflightnow.com/2020/07/19/united-arab-emirates-successfully-sends-its-first-mission-toward-mars/. Gibney, Elizabeth. “How a Small Arab Nation Built a Mars Mission from Scratch in Six Years.” Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 8 July 0AD, 2020, www.nature.com/immersive/d41586-020-01862-z/index.html. Lunsford, Christine. “Hazzaa Ali Almansoori: The 1st Emirati Astronaut's Space Station Mission in Photos.” Space.com, Space, 26 Sept. 2019, www.space.com/first-uae-astronaut-emirati-hazzaa-ali-almansoori--photos.html. Strickland, Ashley. This Summer, Multiple Spacecraft Are Launching to Mars. Here's Why. 29 July 2020, www.cnn.com/2020/07/27/world/mars-mission-launches-summer-2020-scn/index.html. Tanegashima Space Center. 23 Aug. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanegashima_Space_Center. Williams , Dr. David R, and E Bell. “Emirates Mars Mission (Hope).” NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive, NASA, 14 May 2020, nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=EMM-HOPE. Henna’s Sources: Amiri, Sarah, and EMM Team. “EMIRATES HOPE MARS MISSION (EMM) SCIENCE OVERVIEW.” Jet Propulsion Laboratory , NASA, mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/meeting/2019-07/Agenda/08_EMM%20Overview%20Mars%20Intl%20July%202019%20-%20MEPAG.pdf. “Emirates Mars Mission to Begin Journey to the Red Planet.” CU Boulder Today, 16 July 2020, www.colorado.edu/today/2020/07/15/emirates-mars-mission-begin-journey-red-planet. “Emirates Mars Mission.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 20 Aug. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Mars_Mission. “Hydrazine Thrusters.” Monopropellant Hydrazine Thrusters, www.space-propulsion.com/spacecraft-propulsion/hydrazine-thrusters/index.html. “Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Aug. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Rashid_Space_Centre. Moukhallati, Dana. “Emirati 'Hope' Probe Heads for Mars.” Phys.org, Phys.org, 14 July 2020, phys.org/news/2020-07-emirati-probe-mars.html. Robert Sanders, Media relations| July 19, and Robert Sanders. “Emirates Launches First Mars Probe with Help from UC Berkeley.” Berkeley News, 29 July 2020, news.berkeley.edu/2020/07/19/emirates-launches-first-mars-probe-with-help-from-uc-berkeley/. “Sarah Al Amiri.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Aug. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Al_Amiri. Seeker. “The UAE’s Hope Probe Will Make History As It Heads to Mars.” Youtube, www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65UpNa21V0. “الاهداف العلمية لمشروع الامارات لاستكشاف المريخ.” وكالة الإمارات للفضاء, www.space.gov.ae/Page/20121/20250/The-Science-of-the-Emirates-Mars-Mission.

There's a new rover on its way to the Red Planet! Will it find life on Mars? What makes it different from the others rovers? I've heard there was a helicopter involved? Come hang out with your favorite rocket scientists, Anna and Henna, to learn the answers to all these questions and more! Note: There's an error around 1:12 in the episode, it is mentioned that Mar's is 1% Oxygen, it is actually 1% air. Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Anna’s Sources: “Curiosity (Rover).” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 3 Aug. 2020, “Curiosity Rover Fact Sheet – NASA's Mars Exploration Program.” NASAfacts, NASA, mars.nasa.gov/resources/24891/curiosity-rover-fact-sheet/. “The Detective Aboard NASA's Perseverance Rover – NASA's Mars Exploration Program.” NASA, NASA, 26 May 2020, “Entry, Descent, and Landing Technologies.” NASA, NASA, mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/timeline/landing/entry-descent-landing/. “How Curiosity Will Land on Mars, Part 1: Entry.” The Planetary Society, www.planetary.org/articles/06221711-how-curiosity-land-part-1. “How Curiosity Will Land on Mars, Part 2: Descent.” The Planetary Society, www.planetary.org/articles/06290700-how-curiosity-land-part-2. “The Lander Structure.” NASA, NASA, mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/spacecraft/entry-descent-and-landing-configuration/lander-structure/. “Mars 2020.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 3 Aug. 2020 “Mars 2020/Persevenerance.” NASAfacts, NASA, mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Fact_Sheet.pdf. “Mars Exploration Program.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 3 Aug. 2020 “Mars Exploration Rover Mission: The Mission.” NASA, NASA, mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/spacecraft_cruise.html “NASA's Perseverance Mars Rover Gets Its Wheels and Air Brakes.” NASA, NASA, 3 Apr. 2020, “Overview.” NASA, NASA, mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/overview “Helicopter Engine RPM And Rotorblade Pitch Management.” Redback Aviation, Publisher Name Rotorway International Publisher Logo, 5 June 2017, “Robotic Arm.” NASA, NASA, mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/spacecraft/rover/arm/. “WHAT IS TECHNORA?” Doyle Sails, www.doylesails.com/innovation/about-stratis/carbon-technora/technora. Wolchover, Natalie. “NASA Gives Up On Stuck Mars Rover Spirit.” Space.com, Space, 24 May 2011 Toyota Prius: “2016 Toyota Prius - Specs.” New, www.new-cars.com/2016/toyota/specs/prius.html. “Toyota Prius (2016) Dimensions & Drawings.” RSS, www.dimensions.com/element/toyota-prius-2016. Henna’s Sources: “AJ-60A.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 23 July 2020, “Centaur (Rocket Stage).” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 2 Aug. 2020 Greicius, Tony. “NASA Perseverance Mars Rover Scientists Train in the Nevada Desert.” NASA, NASA, 5 May 2020, Greicius, Tony. “Things Are Stacking up for NASA's Mars 2020 Spacecraft.” NASA, NASA, 18 Apr. 2019, “Propelling Perseverance: The Legacy of Viking Is Helping NASA Get to Mars.” The Space Review: Propelling Perseverance: The Legacy of Viking Is Helping NASA Get to Mars, “Landing Site.” NASA, NASA, mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/science/landing-site/. Mustard, J.F., M. Adler, A. Allwood, D.S. Bass, D.W. Beaty, J.F. Bell III, W.B. Brinckerhoff, M. Carr, D.J. Des Marais, B. Drake, K.S. Edgett, J. Eigenbrode, L.T. Elkins-Tanton, J.A. Grant, S. M. Milkovich, D. Ming, C. Moore, S. Murchie, T.C. Onstott, S.W. Ruff, M.A. Sephton, A. Steele, A. Treiman (2013): Report of the Mars 2020 Science Definition Team, 154 pp., posted July, 2013, by the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG) at http://mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/reports/MEP/Mars_2020_SDT_Report_Final.pdf. Williams, Matt. “Perseverance Went Into Safe Mode Shortly After Launch, But It's Fine.” Universe Today, 4 Aug. 2020, NASA’s Perseverance Mars Rover VS Curiosity - What's New? What's Improved?, Everyday Astronaut, 2020, www.youtube.com/watch?v=UEO77UEFGT4. Tzinis, Irene. “About the Deep Space Network.” NASA, NASA, 30 Mar. 2020,

Part 2 of our two-part Spacesuits episode dives into the spacesuits of today and the incredible work that's going into them - making them look like everything we see in sci fi movies! Tune in to learn all about them! Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Sources “Advanced Crew Escape Suit.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 9 June 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Crew_Escape_Suit. “Artemis.” NASA, NASA, www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis/. “Boeing Starliner.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 9 July 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_Starliner. “Dava Newman: Spacesuit of the Future.” Youtube, Lex Fridman, www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEaX2DAjol8. Dean, Signe. “Here's The Real Reason Why NASA Had to 'Cancel' That All-Female Spacewalk.” ScienceAlert, www.sciencealert.com/nasa-didn-t-promise-us-an-all-female-spacewalk-and-the-suits-are-not-sexist. Kothakonda, Akshay, et al. “System Design for Tensioning Limb Sections in a Mechanical Counter Pressure Spacesuit.” TTU DSpace Home, 49th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 7 July 2019, ttu-ir.tdl.org/handle/2346/84562. Lindsey Bever, Kayla Epstein. “Why NASA's Historic All-Female Spacewalk Isn't Happening.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 26 Mar. 2019, www.washingtonpost.com/science/2019/03/26/nasas-first-all-female-spacewalk-isnt-happening-blame-wardrobe-malfunction/. Loflin, Benjamin, et al. “Identification of Shoulder Joint Clearance in Space Suit Using Electromagnetic Resonant Spiral Proximity Sensor for Injury Prevention.” Acta Astronautica, Pergamon, 10 Jan. 2020, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0094576520300138. Mahoney, Erin. “A Next Generation Spacesuit for the Artemis Generation of Astronauts.” NASA, NASA, 4 Oct. 2019, www.nasa.gov/feature/a-next-generation-spacesuit-for-the-artemis-generation-of-astronauts. Monchaux, Nicholas De. Spacesuit: Fashioning Apollo. MIT Press, 2011. “NASA's Management and Development of Spacesuits.” NASA.gov, 26 Apr. 2017, oig.nasa.gov/docs/IG-17-018.pdf. “New SmartSuit Promises A Better Fit For Astronauts.” Texas A&M Today, 22 Apr. 2019, today.tamu.edu/2019/04/17/new-smartsuit-promises-a-better-fit-for-astronauts/. “Orlan Space Suit.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 27 June 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlan_space_suit. “Research Projects.” Research Projects | Allison Anderson, Ph.D. | University of Colorado Boulder, www.colorado.edu/faculty/anderson/research-projects. Siceloff, Steven. “New Spacesuit Unveiled for Starliner Astronauts.” NASA, NASA, 25 Jan. 2017, www.nasa.gov/feature/new-spacesuit-unveiled-for-starliner-astronauts. “Space Shuttle Abort Modes.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 27 July 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_abort_modes#Ejection_escape_systems. Zraick, Karen. “NASA Astronauts Complete the First All-Female Spacewalk.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 18 Oct. 2019, www.nytimes.com/2019/10/18/science/space/nasa-female-spacewalk.html.

It's the first episode of Season 2 and to kick it off we're doing our very first 2 part episode! Have you ever wondered if a spacesuit is really that important? Could you survive in space with one? Who manufactures them anyway? Are they as uncomfortable as they look? Tune into the first episode of Season 2 and find out! Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Anna's Sources: “Apollo/Skylab Spacesuit.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 13 July 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo/Skylab_spacesuit. Dunbar, Brian. “What Was the Gemini Program?” NASA, NASA, 23 Feb. 2015, www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-was-gemini-program-58.html. “Flight Suit.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 20 June 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_suit. “Gemini Space Suit.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 5 June 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini_space_suit. “Inflation Rate between 1960-2020: Inflation Calculator.” $20,000 In 1960 → 2020 | Inflation Calculator, www.in2013dollars.com/us/inflation/1960?amount=20000. “Mercury Spacesuit.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 29 June 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_spacesuit. “Mercury-Redstone 3.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 10 June 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_3. “Nomex®: How Nomex Works.” Explain That Stuff, 22 July 2019, www.explainthatstuff.com/nomex.html. “SK-1 Spacesuit.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 30 June 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SK-1_spacesuit. “SPACE SUITS.” Space Race Racing to the Moon, Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum , airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/space-race/online/sec300/sec350.htm. “Yuri Gagarin.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 25 June 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin. Henna's Sources: Anderson, Rob Ludacer and David. “Here's How Long Humans Could Survive in Space without a Spacesuit.” Business Insider, Business Insider, 17 May 2017, assets.businessinsider.com/how-long-human-survive-outer-space-without-spacesuit-2017-5. Ash, Andy. “Why NASA Spacesuits Are so Expensive.” Business Insider, Business Insider, 20 Apr. 2020, www.businessinsider.com/why-nasa-spacesuits-so-expensive-cost-russia-spacex-2020-3. CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL – THERMODYNAMICS . www.nasa.gov/pdf/519347main_AP_ST_CO2Removal_Therm.pdf. Craig Freudenrich, Ph.D. How Space Suits Work. 27 Jan. 2020, science.howstuffworks.com/space-suit4.htm. “Developing NASA's next-Generation Spacesuit.” Specialty Fabrics Review Developing NASAs Nextgeneration Spacesuit Comments, specialtyfabricsreview.com/2018/05/01/developing-nasas-next-generation-spacesuit/. “Extravehicular Mobility Unit.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 12 June 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extravehicular_Mobility_Unit. Monchaux, Nicholas De. Spacesuit: Fashioning Apollo. MIT Press, 2011. Shuttle EMU, www.astronautix.com/s/shuttleemu.html. “Space Suit Evolution From Custom Tailored To Off-The-Rack.” Nasa.gov, NASA, spaceflight.nasa.gov/outreach/SignificantIncidentsEVA/assets/space_suit_evolution.pdf.

Adding on to Episode 13 with another space hero, Sally Ride! Sally Ride continues to serve as an inspiration and a role model to so many! Come hang out with Anna and Sammi to learn all about her amazing life! Unfortunately, Henna couldn't join us, but don't worry, she'll be back soon. In the mean time, Sammi is here to save us all from listening to Anna talk to herself! Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Anna’s Sources: McQuaid, Kim. “Racism, Sexism, and Space Ventures’: Civil Rights at NASA in the Nixon Era and Beyond.” Societal Impact of Spaceflight, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington DC, 2007, pp. 401–449, www.history.nasa.gov/sp4801-chapter22.pdf. Dunbar, Brian. Sally's Ride, 20 Years On. www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2003/jun/Ride_20_Anniv.html. Sally Ride. 16 June 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Ride. NASA Astronaut Group 8. 14 Feb. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_8. Burkett, Elinor. Women's Rights Movement. 5 Mar. 2020, www.britannica.com/event/womens-movement. Equal Rights Amendment Passed by Congress. 20 Mar. 2020, www.history.com/this-day-in-history/equal-rights-amendment-passed-by-congress. STS-7. 22 June 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-7. STS-41-G. 23 June 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-41-G. Rogers Commission Report. 5 June 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report. Taub, Amanda. NASA Thought Sally Ride Needed 100 Tampons for 1 Week "Just to Be Safe." From What? 26 May 2015, www.vox.com/2015/5/26/8661537/sally-ride-tampons. Sammi’s Sources: Sally Ride. 28 Feb. 2020, www.biography.com/astronaut/sally-ride?fbclid=IwAR1goorXWstxCSA0oT5LStFeKItD8yD6SiqWn-TXVZpNfcvMf-1rZgFzEIc. Sally Ride. 16 June 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Ride?fbclid=IwAR2zx9tCPDQ1nTdtM2quI3EueepsvICMO6PVBHQqQY9wX2uXbtu-y0IKZNI. Beard, Interviewed by Alison. Sally Ride. 7 Sept. 2017, hbr.org/2012/09/sally-ride?fbclid=IwAR3ogg978PcQOCtIm-MOEtlLCCygutAAWNsuAKe2TF8C5CQI5zN91klMz30. Sally Ride Interview. teacher.scholastic.com/space/sts7/interview.htm?fbclid=IwAR3lymLJi6xG2tHhrq42vYb-qlX26hntEj6mxVDwY5Xvul-uavi0tSn9uJY. Garcia, Mark. Sally Ride – First American Woman in Space. 13 June 2018, www.nasa.gov/feature/sally-ride-first-american-woman-in-space. Sally Ride. www.ducksters.com/biography/women_leaders/sally_ride.php?fbclid=IwAR2WudoIhogdh8K_CgMzDYY99Sy3lnkK6YggZeymxuraXl3mDLYSyyBz-KI. 2018, Ashlee Anderson |. Sally Ride. www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/sally-ride?fbclid=IwAR2WudoIhogdh8K_CgMzDYY99Sy3lnkK6YggZeymxuraXl3mDLYSyyBz-KI. Zimmermann, Kim Ann. Sally Ride: First American Woman in Space. 19 Jan. 2018, www.space.com/16756-sally-ride-biography.html?fbclid=IwAR2m3IPDlcWE_OZYk5pQISjjNgKjLvIpZq3s9ss0qcCjZ5BLu-8RpOBYv38.

There are so many amazing people who have contributed to the world of space. Jeanette Epps, Charles Bolden Jr, Mae Jemison and Katherine Johnson are just a few. Listen to hear all about their incredible lives, and why we consider them to be some of our Space Heroes! Unfortunately, Henna couldn't join us, but our favorite Space Plumber, Sammi joins Anna to chat about some people who inspire them! Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Sources: Jeanette Epps: Jeanette Epps. 22 Apr. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanette_Epps. History.com Editors. “Jim Crow Laws.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 28 Feb. 2018, www.history.com/topics/early-20th-century-us/jim-crow-laws. “Aquanaut.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Apr. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquanaut. Loff, Sarah. “NEEMO - NASA Extreme Environment MIssion Operations.” NASA, NASA, 24 June 2015, www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/NEEMO/index.html. “Aquarius Reef Base.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 11 May 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarius_Reef_Base. Northon, Karen. “NASA Announces Updated Crew Assignments for Space Station Missions.” NASA, NASA, 18 Jan. 2018, www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-announces-updated-crew-assignments-for-space-station-missions. Mae Jemison “Mae Jemison.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 5 June 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison. “Star Trek: The Original Series.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 26 June 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series. “Mae C. Jemison.” Biography.com, A&E Networks Television, 27 Feb. 2020, www.biography.com/astronaut/mae-c-jemison. “Sally Ride.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 16 June 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Ride. “STS-47.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 26 May 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-47. Dunbar, Brian. “STS-47.” NASA, NASA, www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-47.html. “Finding Where the Wind Goes : Moments from My Life : Jemison, Mae, 1956- : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming.” Internet Archive, New York : Scholastic, 1 Jan. 1970, archive.org/details/findingwherewind00jemi. Inspiringquotes.us. “Top 22 Quotes of MAE JEMISON Famous Quotes and Sayings: Inspringquotes.us.” Inspiring Quotes, www.inspiringquotes.us/author/9349-mae-jemison. “Newsweek.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 24 June 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsweek. “The Good Girls Revolt.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Apr. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Good_Girls_Revolt. Charles Bolden: Garcia, Mark. “Charles F. Bolden, Jr. NASA Astronaut.” NASA, NASA, 17 Jan. 2017, www.nasa.gov/node/396058/. “Charles Bolden.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 27 May 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Bolden?fbclid=IwAR3UAFirjmLn3rQvh1tIZcQMRqSxRDBlsNiUuuoPZsMp29GTh9n9c2enRdc. Wilson, Jim. “Former Administrator Charles F. Bolden.” NASA, NASA, 23 Jan. 2015, www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/bolden_bio.html?fbclid=IwAR1txi9pOv5UcwCh_PzknMIgrz8BvOM1hKR3h7nV5j1APMtHgRepKYKaeaQ. Katherine Johnson: Loff, Sarah. Katherine Johnson Biography. 22 Nov. 2016, www.nasa.gov/content/katherine-johnson-biography. “Katherine Johnson.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 23 June 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson.

Did you watch the launch of Crew Dragon? We sure did, and we cannot wait to tell you what we thought! Unfortunately, Henna couldn't join us, but Space Plumber extraordinaire Sammi joins Anna to talk all things Crew Dragon! Given what is going on in the world today, we wanted you all to know we are supporters of the BLM Movement. Go to Blacklivesmatter.com to learn what you can do to help encourage change. “In a racist society it is not enough to be non-racist, we must be anti-racist.” ― Angela Y. Davis Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Brumfiel, Geoff, and Scott Neuman. NASA And SpaceX Launch First Astronauts To Orbit From U.S. Since 2011. 30 May 2020, www.npr.org/2020/05/30/864514995/spacex-and-nasa-try-once-more-to-launch-astronauts?t=1590869688924. Chang, Kenneth. Meet Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley, SpaceX's First NASA Astronauts. 27 May 2020, www.nytimes.com/2020/05/27/science/bob-behnken-doug-hurley.html. Dragon 2. 30 May 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_2. Gohd, Chelsea. SpaceX's Crew Dragon Has a New Space Toilet for Astronauts. But How Does It Work? 26 May 2020, www.space.com/spacex-crew-dragon-space-toilet-mystery.html. Howell, Elizabeth. How SpaceX's Sleek Spacesuit Changes Astronaut Fashion from the Space Shuttle Era. 22 May 2020, www.space.com/spacex-crew-dragon-spacesuits-explained.html. Lubben, Alex. An Astronaut Worries He Grew Too Much in Space to Fit in Pod That Takes Him Home. 9 Jan. 2018, www.vice.com/en_us/article/j5vvn4/an-astronaut-worries-he-grew-too-much-in-space-to-fit-in-pod-that-takes-him-home. SpaceX 'Stowaway' Revealed by Crew as Sons' Dinosaur Toy 'Tremor': CollectSPACE. www.collectspace.com/news/news-053120a-spacex-dragon-tremor-dinosaur-doll.html. SpaceX. 31 May 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceX. SpaceX. www.spacex.com/. Wall, Mike. SpaceX's Astronaut Launch Debut Won't Be the First Human Spaceflight from American Soil since 2011. 25 May 2020, www.space.com/spacex-human-spaceflight-virgin-galactic.html. Watercutter, Angela. Tom Cruise Is Making a Movie in Space With SpaceX and NASA. 27 May 2020, www.wired.com/story/tom-cruise-space-movie/. World's Most Powerful Women. www.forbes.com/power-women/list/.

Is Vibration really that important? It sure is! It's so important to space vehicles that we had to pull out all the stops and bring in a special guest! Melanie is a Vibroacoustics/Shock Specialist, and she's going to make sure we're all on the same wavelength. Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Anna’s Sources: Lalanne, C. (2009). Vibration Tests: A Brief Historical Background. Sinusoidal Vibration, 1(2), 345-350. doi:10.1002/9780470611906.oth1 Hemmes, K., Verschuren, W., Bakker, S., & Iso. (2018, October 17). A brief history of vibration. https://www.istec.com/en/a-brief-history-of-vibration/ Mason, B. (2018, August 17). The 10 Deadliest Earthquakes in U.S. History. Retrieved May 25, 2020, from https://www.wired.com/2008/11/gallery-deadly-earthquake/ Trifunac, M. D. (2003). 70-TH ANNIVERSARY OF BIOT SPECTRUM. ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology, 40, 1st ser., 19-50. Biot Theory for Porous Media. (2015). Wave Fields in Real Media, 299-420. doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-099999-9.00007-8 Maurice Anthony Biot. (2019, June 05). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Anthony_Biot Dimarogonas, A. (1990). The origins of vibration theory. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 140(2), 181-189. doi:10.1016/0022-460x(90)90523-3 Pythagorean theorem. (2020, May 13). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_theorem Response spectrum analysis. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://abaqus-docs.mit.edu/2017/English/SIMACAEANLRefMap/simaanl-c-responsespectrum.htm Mel’s Sources: Aggarwal, P. K. (n.d.). Dynamic (Vibration) Testing: Design-Certification of Aerospace System. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20110002782.pdf Paez, T. L. (n.d.). Random Vibration – A Brief History. Retrieved from http://www.sandv.com/downloads/1201paez.pdf This site offers software & tutorials for acoustics, shock & vibration analysis. Training and consulting are also available. (n.d.). http://www.vibrationdata.com/ Begin, J. (2019, September 12). FFT Spectrum and Spectral Densities – Same Data, Different Scaling. https://www.ap.com/blog/fft-spectrum-and-spectral-densities-same-data-different-scaling/ Data Physics. (n.d.) https://www.dataphysics.com/

Let's take a step back to appreciate the origins of the many rocket principles we use today. Join us as we travel back in time to meet our Fathers of Rocketry! Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Sources: “1894 In the United States.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 17 Mar. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1894_in_the_United_States. “American Civil War.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 9 May 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War. “Anti-Aircraft Warfare.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 10 May 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare. Arlazorov, Mikhail S. “Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 15 Sept. 2019, www.britannica.com/biography/Konstantin-Eduardovich-Tsiolkovsky. Bensaude-Vincent, Bernadette. “Dmitri Mendeleev.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 4 Feb. 2020, www.britannica.com/biography/Dmitri-Mendeleev. Dunbar, Brian. “Hermann Oberth.” NASA, NASA, 5 June 2013, www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/rocketry/home/hermann-oberth.html. Dunbar, Brian. “Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky.” NASA, NASA, 5 June 2013, www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/rocketry/home/konstantin-tsiolkovsky.html. “Ear Trumpet.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Jan. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear_trumpet. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Hermann Oberth.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 25 Dec. 2019, www.britannica.com/biography/Hermann-Julius-Oberth. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Kinetic Theory of Gases.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 5 May 2020, www.britannica.com/science/kinetic-theory-of-gases. “Esther.” Goddard Memorial Association - Esther, www.goddardmemorial.org/Goddard/esther.html. Garner, Rob. “Dr. Robert H. Goddard, American Rocketry Pioneer.” NASA, NASA, 11 Feb. 2015, www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/about/history/dr_goddard.html. Goddard, Robert H. A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes. Smithsonian Institution, 1919. Goddard, Robert. “Gyroscopic Steering Apparatus.” Digital WPI, WPI , 2020, digitalcommons.wpi.edu/patents/59/. “Hermann Oberth.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Apr. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Oberth. History.com Editors. “Dred Scott Case.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 27 Oct. 2009, www.history.com/topics/black-history/dred-scott-case. Howell, Elizabeth. “90 Years Ago, the Liquid-Fueled Rocket Changed Space Travel Forever.” Space.com, Space, 18 Mar. 2016, www.space.com/32311-robert-goddard-liquid-fueled-rocket-90-anniversary.html. “International Space Hall of Fame :: New Mexico Museum of Space History :: Inductee Profile.” New Mexico Museum of Space History, www.nmspacemuseum.org/halloffame/detail.php?id=21. Redd, Nola Taylor. “Hermann Oberth: German Father of Rocketry.” Space.com, Space, 5 Mar. 2013, www.space.com/20063-hermann-oberth.html. SciShow Space, director. Great Minds: Robert Goddard, Original Rocket Scientist. YouTube, 2014, www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSIq1XsdUqA&t=73s. Simkin, John. “Hermann Oberth.” Spartacus Educational, Spartacus Educational, spartacus-educational.com/GERoberth.htm. “Solid and Liquid Fuel Rockets.” ESA, www.esa.int/Education/Solid_and_liquid_fuel_rockets4. Stange, Christiaan. “Hermann Oberth: Father of Space Travel.” KIOSEK Web Design, www.kiosek.com/oberth/. “Tatars.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 5 May 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatars. “To Make Available for Life Every Place Where Life Is... at QuoteTab.” QuoteTab, www.quotetab.com/quote/by-hermann-oberth/to-make-available-for-life-every-place-where-life-is-possible-to-make-inhabitabl. “Wernher Von Braun.” Pioneers of Flight, pioneersofflight.si.edu/content/wernher-von-braun-1.

Isn't this a Space Podcast? Why are you Talking About Parachutes? Great question! Parachutes have a wide variety of applications when is comes to space craft. Besides, they're also just cool! Note: The sound at the beginning is a little echoy. It improved throughout the episode. We are still adjusting to remote podcasting, but it will be all fixed next episode! Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) News Articles: Leskin, Paige. “Invite a Llama or Goat to Your next Corporate Zoom Meeting or Video Call for under $100.” Business Insider, Business Insider, 13 Apr. 2020, www.businessinsider.com/zoom-video-goat-2-meeting-llama-sweet-farm-animals-cameo-2020-4. Wall, Mike. “SpaceX on Target for Milestone May 27 Crew Launch, Safety Panel Says.” Space.com, Space, 24 Apr. 2020, www.space.com/spacex-demo-2-nasa-safety-advisory-panel.html. Welle, Deutsche. “New Crew.” EcoWatch, EcoWatch, 18 Apr. 2020, www.ecowatch.com/astronauts-return-international-space-station-2645750749.html?rebelltitem=2#rebelltitem2. Videos: Historic Apollo 11 Footage: www.youtube.com/watch?v=PLQ6V6Stm2U NASA Parachute Packing: https://www.youtube.com/Watch?v=WsJOTyWBGnU SpaceX Crew Dragon In-Flight Abort Test: www.youtube.com/watch?v=ARIZnaMXTEU Anna's Sources Boyle, Alan. “Jeff Bezos Touts Results from Blue Origin Spaceship's Test, Even with One Less Chute.” GeekWire, 21 July 2016, www.geekwire.com/2016/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-test-chute/. Fishman, Charles. “The Amazing Handmade Tech That Powered Apollo 11's Moon Voyage.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 17 July 2019 Malik, Tariq. “Starliner Spacecraft's Landing on Sunday a Critical Moment for Boeing and NASA.” Space.com, 21 Dec. 20109 “New Shepard.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 17 Apr. 2020, Oberhaus, Daniel. “SpaceX and Boeing Still Need a Parachute That Always Works.” Wired, Conde Nast, 5 Nov. 2019, www.wired.com/story/spacex-and-boeing-still-need-a-parachute-that-always-works/. “Orion's Parachute System.” NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/orion_parachutes.pdf. Perry, Mark J. “New US Homes Today Are 1,000 Square Feet Larger than in 1973 and Living Space per Person Has Nearly Doubled.” AEI.org Spacexcmsadmin. “Dragon.” SpaceX, 2 Mar. 2019, www.spacex.com/dragon. “Splashdown.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Mar. 2020 “Velocity During Recovery.” NASA, www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/VirtualAero/BottleRocket/airplane/rktvrecv.html. “VTVL.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Jan. Westra, Levi. “SIZING A PARACHUTE.” University of Idaho, www.webpages.uidaho.edu/dl2/on_target/tv.htm. Henna’s Sources Dunbar, Brian. “Drag Chute Reduced Shuttles' Brake and Tire Wear." NASA, www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/flyout/B-52_drag_chute_tests.html. Dunbar, Brian. “Remembering the Workhorse NB-52B.” NASA, www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/news/X-Press/stories/123104_b-52b_remembered.html. Dunbar, Brian. “Viking Mission Overview.” NASA, NASA, 2 Mar. 2015, Greicius, Tony. “The Supreme Council of Parachute Experts.” NASA, 27 May 2015 Jones, Andrew. “China's Mars Mission Likely Still on Track for July Launch despite Coronavirus Outbreak.” Space.com, Space, 12 Mar. 2020, www.space.com/coronavirus-china-mars-mission.html. Klesius, Mike. “How Things Work: Whole-Airplane Parachute.” Air & Space Magazine “Mars 3 Lander.” NASA.gov, 28 Apr. 2020 “Mars Global Remote Sensing Orbiter and Small Rover.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Apr. 2020 “Parachute.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 1 Mar. “Parachute Design Activity.” NASA, NASA, 7 Nov. 2016 “Parachute Refurbishment Facility - NasaCRgis.” NASA, crgis.ndc.nasa.gov/historic/Parachute_Refurbishment_Facility. “Promising Progress for ExoMars Parachutes.” ESA, www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Exploration/ExoMars/Promising_progress_for_ExoMars_parachutes.

Can we hibernate our way to Mars? How real is the concept of hypersleep pods in Interstellar? Well tune in to find out everything you could possibly want to know about space hibernation! Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Sources: “Alien: Covenant.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Apr. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien:_Covenant. Bradford, J, et al. “Torpor Inducing Transfer Habitat for Human Stasis to Mars.” NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts, 2014. “Carbonite.” Wookieepedia, starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Carbonite. Cerri, Matteo, et al. “Hibernation for Space Travel: Impact on Radioprotection.” Life Sciences in Space Research, vol. 11, 2016, pp. 1–9., doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2016.09.001. “Classical Greece.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 7 Apr. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Greece. Conte, Davide, et al. “Advanced Concept for a Crewed Mission to the Martian Moons.” Acta Astronautica, Pergamon, 3 Aug. 2017, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094576516310694. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Ebers Papyrus.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 7 Aug. 2019, www.britannica.com/topic/Ebers-papyrus. “ESA Studies Human Hibernation for Space Travel.” EarthSky, earthsky.org/human-world/esa-study-human-hibernation-trip-to-mars. Faherty, Sheena Lee, director. How Does Hibernation Work? How Does Hibernation Work?, 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?v=xptpXSTtgSY. Hamblin, James. “You Could Probably Hibernate.” The Atlantic, Atlantic Media Company, 26 Feb. 2020, www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/01/human-hibernation-real-possibility/605071/. Hess, Peter. “How Would the Human Body Respond to Carbonite Freezing?” Inverse, Inverse, 14 July 2017, www.inverse.com/article/33472-carbonite-cryogenic-preservation-han-solo. “Hypersleep Chamber.” Alien Anthology Wiki, alienanthology.fandom.com/wiki/Hypersleep_Chamber. “Hypersleep Pod.” Interstellar Wiki, interstellarfilm.fandom.com/wiki/Hypersleep_Pod. King, Helen. “Hippocrates Didn't Write the Oath, so Why Is He the Father of Medicine?” The Conversation, 2 Apr. 2020, theconversation.com/hippocrates-didnt-write-the-oath-so-why-is-he-the-father-of-medicine-32334. Kyriazis, Stefan. “Avengers Captain America 100th Birthday: Marvel Explains HOW He Survived 70 Years in Ice.” Express.co.uk, Express.co.uk, 4 July 2018, www.express.co.uk/entertainment/films/983967/Avengers-Captain-America-100th-birthday-Marvel-how-steve-rogers-survived-in-ice. Marion, Donald W. “Experience with Prolonged Induced Hypothermia in Severe Head Injury.” Critical Care, BioMed Central, 1999, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC137243/. “Myocardial Ischemia.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 6 Apr. 2019, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/myocardial-ischemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20375417. “Passengers (2016 Film).” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 27 Mar. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passengers_(2016_film). Polderman, Kee H. “Induced Hypothermia to Treat Post-Ischemic and Post-Traumatic Injury.” Induced Hypothermia to Treat Post-Ischemic and Post-Traumatic Injury, 2004, api.zoll.com/-/media/uploadedfiles/public_site/core_technologies/temperature_management/induced-hypothermia----pdf.ashx. Staff, CBSNews.com staff CBSNews.com. “Frozen Woman: A 'Walking Miracle'.” CBS News, CBS Interactive, 4 Feb. 2000, www.cbsnews.com/news/frozen-woman-a-walking-miracle/. “Therapeutic Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest.” Therapeutic Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest | Johns Hopkins Medicine, www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/therapeutic-hypothermia-after-cardiac-arrest.

The very definition of "an oldy, but a goody!" The Saturn V holds a special place in the heart's of all rocket lovers. At the time of it's creation it was on the cusp of technical innovation and inspired many design aspects used in rocket's today! If you want to hear the story of the only rocket to bring astronauts to the moon, listen up! Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Anna’s Sources: Dunbar, Brian. “What Was the Saturn V?” NASA, NASA, 2 June 2015, www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-was-the-saturn-v-58.html. General S-IC Stage (Saturn V First Stage) Diagrams, heroicrelics.org/info/s-ic/s-ic-general.html. “Quincunx.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Dec. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quincunx. “Saturn V.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 25 Mar. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_V. Seeker. “How Loud Are Rocket Launches?” Seeker, Seeker, 3 Oct. 2014, www.seeker.com/how-loud-are-rocket-launches-1792496122.html. “Space Launch System.” SLS June 2018 Fact Sheet, NASA, Oct. 2019. Tate, Karl. “NASA's Mighty Saturn V Moon Rocket Explained (Infographic).” Space.com, Space, 10 Nov. 2012, www.space.com/18422-apollo-saturn-v-moon-rocket-nasa-infographic.html. The Common Bulkhead for the Saturn S-II Vehicle, heroicrelics.org/info/s-ii/common-bulkhead-for-s-ii.html. “Trans-Lunar Injection.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 1 Mar. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-lunar_injection. Henna’s Sources: Bilstein, Roger E. Stages to Saturn: a Technological History of the Apollo/Saturn Launch Vehicles. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA History Office, 1996. “Heavy-Lift Launch Vehicle.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 6 Mar. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy-lift_launch_vehicle. Howell, Elizabeth. “10 Surprising Facts About NASA's Mighty Saturn V Moon Rocket.” Space.com, Space, 9 Nov. 2017, www.space.com/38720-nasa-saturn-v-rocket-surprising-facts.html. “Intelligence in Public Literature.” Central Intelligence Agency, Central Intelligence Agency, 6 Oct. 2014, www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol-58-no-3/operation-paperclip-the-secret-intelligence-program-to-bring-nazi-scientists-to-america.html. “Katherine Johnson.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 28 Mar. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson. Kruse, Richard. “Jupiter Rockets.” Jupiter Rockets and Missiles | Historic Spacecraft, historicspacecraft.com/Rockets_Jupiter.html. “Operation Paperclip.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 27 Mar. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Paperclip. “Saturn V.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 25 Mar. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_V. “SATURN V MOON ROCKET.” Boeing, www.boeing.com/history/products/saturn-v-moon-rocket.page. Shetterly, Margot Lee., and Jan Smit. Hidden Figures. HarperCollins, 2017.

Electrons produce thrust! Wait, what? They're so small though? Electric propulsion has been propelling spacecraft for decades! We don't see it during rocket launches for a number of reasons, listen in to learn why! Press play for the brain candy that is Electric Propulsion. Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Sources: ASAP Science, director. The Periodic Table Song. The Periodic Table Song, 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?v=rz4Dd1I_fX0. Choueiri, EY. “A Critical History of Electric Propulsion: The First 50 Years (1906–1956).” A Critical History of Electric Propulsion: The First 50 Years (1906–1956), 2004, alfven.princeton.edu/publications/choueiri-jpp-2004. “Deep Space 1 Asteroid Flyby.” Deep Space 1 Asteroid Flyby, NASA, July 1999, www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/ds1asteroid.pdf. “Deep Space 1.” NASA, NASA, www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/deep-space-1-ds1/. Dunbar, Brian. “Ion Propulsion.” NASA, NASA, 18 Aug. 2015, www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/fs21grc.html. “Electrically Powered Spacecraft Propulsion.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Feb. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrically_powered_spacecraft_propulsion. FalconSat-5 - EoPortal Directory - Satellite Missions, directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/f/falconsat-5. Gallimore, Alec, and Arthur Thurnau. “The Physics of Spacecraft Hall-Effect Thrusters.” The Physics of Spacecraft Hall-Effect Thrusters, University of Michigan, 2008, www.aps.org/units/dfd/meetings/upload/Gallimore_APSDFD08.pdf. Goebel, Dan M, and Ira Katz. Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters . JPL Space Science and Technology Series, 2008. “GRC - SPACE ELECTRIC ROCKET TEST I (SERT I).” NASA, NASA, www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/ion/past/60s/sert1.htm. “GRC - SPACE ELECTRIC ROCKET TEST II (SERT II).” NASA, NASA, www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/ion/past/70s/sert2.htm. “Ion Thruster.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 13 Mar. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_thruster. “List of Spacecraft with Electric Propulsion.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 27 Feb. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_spacecraft_with_electric_propulsion. “Our Engine.” Our Engine | Ad Astra Rocket, www.adastrarocket.com/aarc/VASIMR. “Plasma Propulsion Engine.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Feb. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_propulsion_engine. “Rocket Propulsion.” NASA, NASA, www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/rocket.html. SciShow Space, director. The Electric Thruster That Could Send Humans to Mars. The Electric Thruster That Could Send Humans to Mars, 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=Isn7FoJvtRY. SciShow Space, director. Thrusters That Eat Teflon! | Pulsed Plasma Thrusters. Thrusters That Eat Teflon! | Pulsed Plasma Thrusters, 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?v=6HUOumDJeAQ. “Scout (Rocket Family).” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 2 Mar. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scout_(rocket_family). “SERT 2.” Gunter's Space Page - Information on Spaceflight, Launch Vehicles and Satellites, space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/sert-2.htm. “Solar Electric Propulsion.” NASA, NASA, www1.grc.nasa.gov/space/sep/#factsheet. “Solar Electric Propulsion: NASA's Engine to Mars and Beyond.” SpaceFlight Insider, 28 Feb. 2016, www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/human-spaceflight/solar-electric-propulsion-nasas-engine-mars-beyond/. Sovey, James S., et al. “Ion Propulsion Development Projects in U.S.: Space Electric Rocket Test I to Deep Space 1.” Journal of Propulsion and Power, vol. 17, no. 3, 2001, pp. 517–526., doi:10.2514/2.5806. “SSOE - SSOE Resources - File Not Found.” Pitt, www.engineering.pitt.edu/First-Year/First-Year-Conference/_Library/Dubendorf-Pineiro-Steen/.

How you ever wondered if traditional rockets were the only way to get to space? Can't we just build an elevator to the moon? What if I told you that wasn't destined to live only in science fiction? The future of space travel is evolving faster than we realize! Music from https://filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (https://incompetech.com) License: CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Sources: Non-Equatorial Space Elevators. [Online]. Available: http://gassend.net/spaceelevator/non-equatorial/index.html. “Why do I want a Space Elevator?,” International Space Elevator Consortium. [Online]. Available: https://isec.org/why-do-i-want-a-space-elevator/. “Space elevators in fiction,” Wikipedia, 07-Oct-2019. [Online]. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_elevators_in_fiction. L. Zhu, J. Wang, and F. Ding, “The Great Reduction of a Carbon Nanotube’s Mechanical Performance by a Few Topological Defects,” ACS Nano, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 6410–6415, Jul. 2016. Z. PeterkinAug, “Space Elevator Technology and Graphene,” AZoM.com, 02-Oct-2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=16371. D. Basile and D. Basile, “Op-ed: Graphene goes galactic,” SpaceNews.com, 10-Jul-2019. [Online]. Available: https://spacenews.com/op-ed-graphene-goes-galactic/. J. F. Silveira and A. R. Muniz, “Diamond nanothread-based 2D and 3D materials: Diamond nanomeshes and nanofoams,” Carbon, vol. 139, pp. 789–800, 2018. “Space Elevator – Science Fiction or the Future of Mankind?,” YouTube. [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPQQwqGWktE. Papers from International Space Elevator Consortium: M. Fitzgereald, V. Hall, P. Swan, and C. Swan, “Design Considerations of a Space Elevator Apex Anchor and GEO Node,” International Space Elevator Consortium, May 2017. V. Hall, P. N. Glaskowsky, and S. Schaeffer, “Design considerations of the Space Elevator Earth Port,” International Space Elevator Consortium, Mar. 2016.

Did you know the first woman and man in space began their journeys as farmers? The story of our planet's first space explorers is full of twists and turns that will leave you going "oh really?" Tune in to learn about these incredibly brave individuals and their adventures in pursuit of a seat aboard the successful Vostok program. Music from filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Sources: Cavallaro, Umberto. The Race to the Moon Chronicled in Stamps, Postcards, and Postmarks: A Story of Puffery vs. the Pragmatic. Springer, 2018. Impey, Chris. Beyond: Our Future In Space. W.W. Norton & Company, 2016. Sharp, Tim. “Valentina Tereshkova: First Woman in Space.” Space.com, Space, 22 Jan. 2018, www.space.com/21571-valentina-tereshkova.html. “Valentina Tereshkova.” National Air and Space Museum, 8 Mar. 2017, airandspace.si.edu/people/historical-figure/valentina-tereshkova. “Yuri Gagarin.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Dec. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin. Yuri's Night, 12 Nov. 2019, yurisnight.net/.

After some investigative research, we discover the drama and the complexity that were rooted in the development of the Apollo Program’s Lunar Lander. Listen in to learn more about the revolutionary developments in engineering, the heated race between companies to secure contracts and find out where you can find graveyard remnants of the lander’s thruster testing. Music from https://filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (https://incompetech.com) License: CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) “Apollo Lunar Module Documentation.” Apollo Lunar Surface Journal, NASA, www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/alsj-LMdocs.html. “Apollo Lunar Module.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 4 Jan. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module. Blue Origin, director. Going to Space to Benefit Earth (Full Event Replay). YouTube, YouTube, 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQ98hGUe6FM. “Engines, Large and Small.” NASA, NASA, www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4205/ch6-5.html. European Space Agency, director. 3D-Printing a Lunar Base. YouTube, YouTube, 2014, www.youtube.com/watch?v=pk9PWUGkz7o. Jones, Eric M, and Ken Glover. “Apollo Lunar Surface Journal.” NASA, NASA, 2018, www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/. Jones, Eric M. “The First Lunar Landing.” NASA, NASA, 2018, www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11.landing.html. “Location of Apollo Lunar Modules.” Location of Apollo Lunar Modules | National Air and Space Museum, airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/apollo/apollo-program/spacecraft/location/lm.cfm. “Lunar Module.” NASA.gov, NASA, www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/LM04_Lunar_Module_ppLV1-17.pdf. Mishkin, Shaina. “The Apollo Moon Landing Cost the Equivalent of $600 Billion. Here's Why That Was a Bargain.” Money, 2019, money.com/money/5649352/apollo-11-moon-mission-cost/. NASA, director. We Are Going. YouTube, YouTube, 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=vl6jn-DdafM. Plitt, Amy. “NYC Apartments Are Shrinking, but Not as Much as Other Cities.” Curbed NY, Curbed NY, 21 Sept. 2016, ny.curbed.com/2016/9/21/12999536/nyc-apartment-sizes-decrease. “RM-81 Agena.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Sept. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RM-81_Agena. Tate, Karl. “NASA's Mighty Saturn V Moon Rocket Explained (Infographic).” Space.com, Space, 10 Nov. 2012, www.space.com/18422-apollo-saturn-v-moon-rocket-nasa-infographic.html. “USAF Satellite Launch Vehicles.” National Museum of the United States Air Force™, 27 May 2015, www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/197691/usaf-satellite-launch-vehicles/.

Have you ever wondered what happens when an astronaut gets a headache? Do they take tylenol? Is there a first aid kit on spaceships? We weren't sure either, come find out with us! Music from https://filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (https://incompetech.com) License: CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Sources: Blue, Rebecca S., et al. “Supplying a Pharmacy for NASA Exploration Spaceflight: Challenges and Current Understanding.” Npj Microgravity, vol. 5, no. 1, 2019, doi:10.1038/s41526-019-0075-2. Cole, Adam. “What Happens When You Get Your Period In Space?” NPR, NPR, 17 Sept. 2015, https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/17/441160250/what-happens-when-you-get-your-period-in-space. “Function of Bones and the Role of Osteoclasts and Osteoblasts (Cont'd) - LabCE.com, Laboratory Continuing Education.” LabCE, MediaLab, https://www.labce.com/spg1060364_function_of_bones_and_the_role_of_osteoclasts_and_.aspx. “Human Spaceflight, Microgravity and Exploration.” Human Spaceflight, Microgravity and Exploration, http://www.spaceflight.esa.int/. Jain, Varsha, and Virginia E Wotring. “Medically Induced Amenorrhea in Female Astronauts.” Npj Microgravity, vol. 2, no. 1, 2016, doi:10.1038/npjmgrav.2016.8.Kingscollegelon. “Menstruation in Spaceflight: Options for Astronauts.” EurekAlert!, 21 Apr. 2016, https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-04/kcl-mis041916.php. Luo, Xiaonan, and Huimin Luo. “A Computing Model of Pressure Distribution from Tight Underwear.” Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 195, no. 1-2, 2006, pp. 106–112., doi:10.1016/j.cam.2005.03.093. “Radiation Protection of Medical Staff in Interventional Fluoroscopy.” IAEA, IAEA, 27 July 2017, https://www.iaea.org/resources/rpop/health-professionals/interventional-procedures/radiation-protection-of-medical-staff-in-interventional-fluoroscopy. Twitter, Laurel Raymond. “Space: The Final Frontier Of Birth Control.” ThinkProgress, 23 Apr. 2016, https://thinkprogress.org/space-the-final-frontier-of-birth-control-c2f6603598e3/.

An obscure topic even among rocket scientists, the Linear Aerospike Engine is an incredible feat of engineering that needs to be recognized. So we're putting a spotlight on it for our pilot episode! Music from https://filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (https://incompetech.com) License: CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Sources: Chaikin, Andrew. “Is SpaceX Changing the Rocket Equation?” Air & Space Magazine, Air & Space Magazine, 1 Jan. 2012, www.airspacemag.com/space/is-spacex…nd%20to%20orbit. Coniglio, Samuel, director. Aerospike Engine. YouTube, YouTube, www.youtube.com/watch?v=EWf4iOMSPNc. Curious Droid, director. Aerospike Engines - Why Aren't We Using Them Now? YouTube, YouTube, www.youtube.com/watch?v=K4zFefh5T-8. Dunbar, Brian. “X-33 Fact Sheet.” NASA, NASA, www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/n…und/facts/x33.html. “End of an Era.” End of an Era | National Air and Space Museum, airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/apo…/end-of-era.cfm. “Engineering The Future.” ARCA, www.arcaspace.com/. “Firefly Alpha.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 16 Dec. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefly_Alpha. "Flight of the Aerospike: Episode 26 - Preliminary Calibration Tests for the Aerospike" Youtube video, October 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qo7JSiftPiM. J-2T-200K, www.astronautix.com/j/j-2t-200k.html. Lash, Elizabeth Lara, "Trajectory Analysis and Comparison of a Linear Aerospike Nozzle to a Conventional Bell Nozzle for SSTO Flight. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2015. trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/3383 Mark Wade (17 November 2011). "J-2T-200K". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 26 February 2012. Nasa.gov. (2020). NASA - Linear Aerospike Engine fact sheet (08/00). [online] Available at: www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/n…cts/aerospike.html [Accessed 12 Oct. 2019]. “Reusable Launch Vehicle.” NASA, NASA, spinoff.nasa.gov/spinoff1996/14.html. Wikipedia contributors, "Aerospike engine," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?titl…&oldid=919434967 (accessed January 1, 2020).

Fancy seeing you here. Do you like space? So do we! We're Henna and Anna two Aerospace Engineers who love all things space. Come explore the galaxy with us! Music from https://filmmusic.io "Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (https://incompetech.com) License: CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)