Podcasts about postprandial

Today, Trista Chan discusses the complex relationship between PCOS and weight gain, addressing common misconceptions and the impact of weight stigma. She explores both extrinsic and intrinsic factors contributing to weight gain in individuals with PCOS, emphasizing the importance of understanding these factors rather than placing blame on personal habits. This episode also highlights the detrimental effects of weight stigma on mental and physical health, and offers practical strategies for individuals seeking to navigate their relationship with weight and health. Trista advocates for a body neutrality approach, encouraging listeners to focus on self-care and well-being rather than solely on weight loss. In this episode, you'll learn: Weight stigma can exacerbate health issues in those with PCOS Intrinsic factors like hormones play a significant role in weight gain Weight loss is often misprescribed as a treatment for unrelated health issues Body neutrality allows for a healthier relationship with self-image Diet and lifestyle changes can improve PCOS symptoms without focusing solely on weight Episode links: PCOS Recovery Program - starts February 12th! References Álvarez-Blasco F, Luque-Ramírez M, Escobar-Morreale HF. Diet composition and physical activity in overweight and obese premenopausal women with or without polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2011;27:978-81. Douglas CC, Norris LE, Oster RA, Darnell BE, Azziz R, Gower BA. Difference in dietary intake between women with polycystic ovary syndrome and healthy controls. Fertil Steril 2006;86:411-7 Georgopoulos NA, Saltamavros AD, Vervita V, et al. Basal metabolic rate is decreased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and biochemical hyperandrogenemia and is associated with insulin resistance. Fertil Steril 2009;92:250-5. 220.  Helena Teede et al. International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 2023. Monash University. https://doi.org/10.26180/24003834.v1Himmelstein MS, Puhl RM, Quinn DM. Intersectionality: An Understudied Framework for Addressing Weight Stigma. Am J Prev Med 2017;53:421-31. Hosseini MS, Dizavi A, Rostami H, Parastouei K, Esfandiari S. Healthy eating index in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a case-control study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2017;15:575-82 Huijgen NA, Laven JS, Labee CT, Louwers YV, Willemsen SP, Steegers-Theunissen RP. Are dieting and dietary inadequacy a second hit in the association with polycystic ovary syndrome severityPLoS One 2015;10:e0142772. Moran LJ, Ranasinha S, Zoungas S, McNaughton SA, Brown WJ, Teede HJ. The contribution of diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour to body mass index in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. Human reproduction 2013;28:2276-83. Moran LJ, Brown WJ, McNaughton SA, Joham AE, Teede HJ. Weight management practices associated with PCOS and their relationships with diet and physical activity. Human reproduction 2017;32:669-78 Moran LJ, Noakes M, Clifton PM, et al. Ghrelin and measures of satiety are altered in polycystic ovary syndrome but not differentially affected by diet composition. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2004;89:3337-44.  Puhl RM, Heuer CA. The stigma of obesity: a review and update. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009;17:941-64 Robinson S, Chan SP, Spacey S, Anyaoku V, Johnston DG, Franks S. Postprandial thermogenesis is reduced in polycystic ovary syndrome and is associated with increased insulin resistance. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1992;36:537-43. 221.

If you've been struggling to lose stubborn fat no matter how much you diet or exercise, then I've got the perfect solution for you… I'll be sharing 7 key ingredients for you to have 1 tablespoon of each day, which puts your metabolism into a fat burning state.  These ingredients have one thing in common… They work with your mitochondria to create mitochondrial uncoupling. The mitochondria are VERY important not only for health but for fat loss. When you have healthy mitochondria producing energy (ATP) it raises your metabolic rate so you burn more calories sitting on the couch.  The goal is to create this process while reducing oxidative stress. Some of the items I'm going to share with you allow your body to produce ketones. Ketones act as signaling molecules that achieve 400% MORE energy via mitochondrial biogenesis.  This is where mitochondrial uncoupling comes into play. The other impact we are looking to achieve comes from reducing your postprandial glucose levels. The goal is to optimize postprandial glucose levels, meaning your blood sugar levels after eating. The higher your blood sugar after eating, the faster you store body fat.  When you eat food, your body converts the food into chains of sugar called glycogen. Your body has a tightly controlled system for sugar in the bloodstream, and what is considered optimal for health and fat loss is 80 mg/dL. Which is 1 teaspoon of sugar in your entire blood stream! After you've eaten, sugar in your bloodstream is elevated, which signals to your pancreas to produce insulin. Insulin is an energy sensor that shuttles the sugar out of your bloodstream, and into your cells. First the sugar gets stored in your glycogen stores, (liver and muscle cells) When your glycogen stores get full, and sugar continues to be elevated in your bloodstream, then your metabolism shuttles this sugar into your fat cells. The longer the sugar stays in your blood, the more insulin required, and the more you keep your body in a fat storage state.   Postprandial glucose is a measurement of this process. The faster we can clear this glucose after eating, and efficiently pack them in your muscle and liver cells, the faster you'll burn stubborn fat and lose weight. Resources Mentioned: Natural Force Organic MCT Oil (C8)  Japanese Knotweed Powder for Resveratrol  Paleo Valley ACV Complex  (15% off code automatically applied)  Fresh Pressed Olive Oil Club. Get a $39 bottle for only $1.   Capsaicin powder supplement  Grains of Paradise Supplement  CLA supplement REFERENCES & STUDIES:  MCT Oil Caprylic Acid (C8) Studies Resveratrol study Apple Cider Vinegar study Olive Oil studies Grains of Paradise Studies

Since the late 1990s, the standard practice for GDM care has been to measure postprandial glucose values. For patients with pre-gestational diabetes, whether type I or type II, the ACOG recommends multi-level glucose checks (fasting, pre-meal , postprandial, and nighttime). But what about in the immediate postpartum interval? In patient's with pre-existing diabetes, should blood sugars be checked pre-meal (qAC) or postprandial while still in the hospital, and after discharge? The topic for this episode comes from one of our podcast family members who had this clinical dilemma? In this episode, we will review the data and recommendations from the American Diabetes Association, the ACOG, and CDC. So grab your sugar-free drink of choice, and listen in!

Episode 108 | "Carbs are my love language." Welcome to Episode 108 of REMelations, the podcast that dives into the wild and whimsical world of dreams! This Thanksgiving special kicks off with a bone-chilling dream shared by Chris about a Thanksgiving serial killer. Join Mindy as she recounts the haunting details and keep your wits about you to discover who will survive the deadly dinner! As the episode unfolds, Brooke and Mindy delve into a collection of listener catnaps, featuring dreams that range from celebrity turkey mishaps to frightening flights with mashed potatoes. Picture yourself cuddling with turkeys or encountering a friendly grim reaper in your dreams, and cringe at the thought of some truly disgusting dish washing practices. But that's not all—stay tuned until the very end, when Brooke unveils the science behind why we fall into food comas after indulging in big meals. Plus, Mindy takes us on a journey back in time with a fascinating 1922 newspaper article that decodes the meaning behind dreaming about turkeys.  It's the final serving of knowledge and curiosity on this Thanksgiving edition of REMelations! Help spread the word with this week's Celebrity Hashtag - #WhatDoesSarahJessicaParkerDream   Support the Show Have a dream or listener story you want to share? Email: REMelations@gmail.com Enjoying what you hear? Don't forget to join our sleepover squad for behind-the-scenes and extra content: https://www.REMelations.com/support Want to discuss dreams with besties just like you? Join our Facebook group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/REMelationsBesties Ready to swag up your life? Shop our Merch store: https://remelations.com/store   Time Stamps & Content Warnings 00:00:00- Start 00:01:24 - Quick Chat 00:02:18 - Thanksgiving Serial Killer Dream 00:12:08 - Chris' Dream Interpretation 00:18:13 - Promo | Support the Show 00:18:50 - Catnap Intro 00:19:08 - Turkey Carcass Dream #WhatDoesSarahJessicaaParkerDream 00:22:18 - Airline Mashed Potatoes Dream 00:25:03 - Family Dinner Drama Dream 00:28:29 - Turkey Cuddles Dream 00:29:52 - Grim Reaper In Love Dream 00:31:02 - New Species Dream 00:32:04 - Unclean Dishwashing Dream 00:36:06 - The Perfect Dream 00:38:29 - Kissing Pope Dream 00:45:08 - Thank You's 00:45:40 - Topic | Food Comas - Postprandial Somnolence 00:54:46 Topic | 1922 - What it Means to Dream of Turkey 01:02:01 - Chit Chat 01:12:15 - End Show Links Food Coma: What You Need to Know About Postprandial Somnolence - https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/food-coma    

Question: Why should postprandial blood glucose be kept under 140 milligrams per deciliter? Short Answer: When blood glucose rises above 140 mg/dL, this is the approximate point at which it spills into the polyol pathway at a greater-than-normal rate, which represents a suboptimal state of metabolism that is likely to hurt antioxidant status and compromise detoxification pathways as well as the recycling of vitamin K and folate. It must be kept in mind that a healthy person will adapt to glycemic loads they consume regularly. Thus, a one-time spike above 140 mg/dL should never be used to conclude anything whatsoever. Only repeated spikes above this level with repeated consumption of the same glycemic load over several days to several weeks should be used as a cause for concern. This is a clip from a live Q&A session open to CMJ Masterpass members. In addition to this episode, you can access two other free samples using this link: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/p/questions-on-blood-glucose-and-oxalate In that batch of free episodes you will also find the answer to this question: How can I protect against oxalates? If you want to become a Masterpass member so you can participate in the next live Q&A, or so you can have access to the complete recording and transcript of each Q&A session, you can save 10% off the subscription price for as long as you remain a member by using this link to sign up: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/qanda Learn more about the Masterpass here: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/about This snippet is from the April 12, 2023 AMA. The full recording and transcript is reserved for Masterpass members. Here is a preview of what's included: What Causes Hypercholesterolemia and Does It Matter? How to Reverse Coronary Calcification? How to do a comprehensive nutritional screening How long after eating improperly cooked egg whites should I wait to take biotin? Is the extrusion process as harmful as some claim? How long can one fast before micronutrient deficiencies become an issue? Do B vitamins compete with each other for absorption? Why is thirst a symptom of diabetes? Do I agree with Peter Attia that ApoB should be driven as low as pharmacologically possible? During a fast, does the body break down muscle? How do you rest and refeed your brain? Why would someone have high RBC magnesium but low serum magnesium? GLA deficiency? Should we eat for our ethnicity? How convincing are polyphenol studies? Can coronary calcium be driven by oxalate? Citrulline for vasodilation How to reduce catabolism Rapid-fire run-through of orphaned questions from the submission contest, including a detailed look at Nadia's thyroid numbers Here's a link to the full AMA: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/p/recording-and-transcript-of-the-april Access the show notes, transcript, and comments here.  

In a world swamped with dietary advice, fads, and conflicting information, making sound nutritional choices can feel like navigating a nutritional minefield. Enter the carnivore diet—a way of eating that champions meat and animal products, often hailing high protein as its prime asset. For some, it's a counterintuitive approach that stands against conventional wisdom, while for others, it's a refreshing return to nutritional basics. The modern diet landscape is a battlefield of contradictions. On one side, you have a bombardment of plant-based diets praised for their supposed health benefits. On the other side, you see an alarming overconsumption of carbohydrates—those sneaky sugars hiding in processed foods and even in so-called "healthy" meal choices. The carnivore diet positions itself as a response to these trends, offering an alternative route that emphasizes the primal, biological needs of our bodies. Is it a dietary savior or a nutritional heresy? This article aims to explore this fascinating diet from the angle that a high-protein approach can be incredibly beneficial and that many plant-based foods, though heralded as healthful, may indeed disrupt the gut. We'll dig into the nuts and bolts (or should I say steaks and ribs?) of the carnivore diet, uncovering the potential benefits for muscle maintenance, metabolic health, and autoimmune alleviation. But we'll also probe into the potential downsides and explore other paths to optimal health that don't strictly require a carnivore approach. Get ready to sink your teeth into a topic that's meatier than most. Welcome to the carnivore diet: a comprehensive exploration of the pros, cons, and everything in between. The Benefits of High-Protein Diets To a large extent, the benefits of a carnivore diet can be attributed to the fact that it's a high-protein diet. I've written extensively about the health benefits of a high-protein diet before, so I'll just briefly review them here. Muscle Maintenance and Growth When it comes to building and maintaining muscle, protein is the undisputed king. Our bodies require amino acids, the building blocks of protein, to repair and grow muscle tissue, especially after strenuous workouts or during periods of growth. A 2011 study found that dietary protein supplementation significantly enhanced changes in muscle strength and size during prolonged resistance-type exercise training in healthy adults.Phillips, S. M., et al. (2011). Dietary protein for athletes: From requirements to optimum adaptation. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(sup1), S29-S38. Another study showed higher protein intake promotes muscle hypertrophy during resistance training.Kim, I. Y., et al. (2016). Protein intake and muscle health in old age: From biological plausibility to clinical evidence. Nutrients, 8(5), 295. Even without resistance training, a higher-protein diet can help you maintain muscle if you're sedentary or you're experiencing age-related muscle loss. Metabolic Health Protein is not just for bodybuilders; it's essential for metabolic health too. The thermic effect of food (TEF) refers to the energy expended in digesting, absorbing, and processing nutrients, and protein has the highest TEF among macronutrients. A high-protein diet has been shown to boost metabolism by 80 to 100 calories per day compared to lower-protein diets.Johnston, C. S., et al. (2002). Postprandial thermogenesis is increased 100% on a high-protein, low-fat diet versus a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet in healthy, young women. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 21(1), 55-61. Such an increase in metabolic rate can lead to substantial improvements in overall metabolic function. Satiety and Weight Management Ever find yourself hungry soon after a meal? You might want to look at your protein intake. Protein has been shown to reduce feelings of hunger more than fats or carbs, potentially aiding in weight management.

This week I reviewed an interesting study comparing the postprandial thermogenic responses to whole food sandwiches made of multi-grain bread and real cheddar cheese compared to processed food sandwiches that were made with white bread and processed cheese.The study compared what happened when 17 volunteers ate a whole food meal versus a processed food meal. Volunteers were all of normal weight, and about 25 years old. Conclusion: Eating whole food took 46.8% more energy to digest on average than processed food! This proves that eating costs calories also known as TEF (thermic effect of food). It takes calories to chew, swallow, churn the stomach, make the acid in the stomach, make the enzymes, to make the rhythmic muscular contractions known as peristalsis that drive the food through, and so forth. From this study, it seems that not only does macronutrient content change TEF, but processing changes TEF.Bottom Line: Processed food takes less energy to digest and absorb compared to whole foods, so 100 calories of processed food ends up being more net calories than 100 calories of whole foods. If you're trying to lose weight, this makes the case to eat whole foods and avoid foods in boxes/cans as much as possible!Episode Links:Barr SB and Wright JC.Postprandial energy expenditure in whole-food and processed-food meals: implications for daily energy expenditure. Food Nutr Res. 2010 Jul 2;54. doi: 10.3402/fnr.v54i0.5144.Junk Food Diet:http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/11/08/twinkie.diet.professor/index.htmlIf you love the Get Lean Eat Clean Podcast, we'd love for you to subscribe, rate, and give a review on Apple Podcasts and Spotify! Until next time!Links:Watch Get Lean Eat Clean podcast video episodes on YouTube!How to Take Simple Steps to Reclaim the Body, Energy, and Strength You Had 10-15 Years Ago Using My Stepladder System:https://www.stepladdersystem.com/LMNT: A tasty electrolyte drink mix that is formulated to help anyone with their electrolyte needs and is perfectly suited to folks fasting or following low-carb, whole food diets. Free gift with purchase:DrinkLMNT.com/getleaneatcleanUpgraded Formulas hair mineral test (Coupon Code: GETLEAN10) :https://www.upgradedformulas.com/pages/kit?rfsn=6677062.f87541&utm_source=refersion&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=6677062.f87541X3 Bar: Variable Resistance Technology allows for a full body workout in only 10 minutes! Use discount code "Save50" for $50 off your purchase! https://www.anrdoezrs.net/click-100286468-13650338| Listen to the Get Lean Eat Clean Podcast |►Apple Podcasts | https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/get-lean-eat-clean/id1540391210►Spotify | https://open.spotify.com/show/0QmJzYZsdV6tUNbDxaPJjS| Connect with Brian |►Website | https://www.briangryn.com►Instagram | https://www.instagram.com/bdgryn►Facebook | https://www.facebook.com/getleanandeatclean►Twitter | https://twitter.com/grynnerwinner

The post hoc analysis.

Is there a link between nutrition and the health changes associated with the menopause? It's an area that traditionally has not received as much attention as one might hope, but things are perhaps changing. There has been a lot of recent media interest in the menopause, notably Davina McCall's TV programmes, Scotland First Minister Nicola Sturgeon's interviews, and other celebrity interventions getting lots of coverage.     But while this public discussion is a welcome change, it has also helped highlight that far-from-enough is known about the health issues associated with the menopause. And the question of menopause and nutrition is an area unfortunately still swamped in myth and pseudoscience. That is where our guest, Dr Sarah Berry comes in. She is Reader in the Department of Nutritional Sciences at King's College London and is Chief Scientist at the health science company ZOE. ZOE has been studying the effect of the menopause on body composition, sleep, heart disease risk, gut microbiome composition, and the impact our diets can have on these factors. Listen to the full episode to get a proper definition of what the menopause is, and how the symptoms compare to those experienced during the perimenopausal phase. We also find out how what you eat could potentially affect symptoms, and why this latest ZOE research could act a springboard for more to come. Dr Sarah Berry, Lead Nutritional Scientist, ZOE Dr Sarah Berry's research interests relate to the influence of dietary components on markers of cardiovascular disease risk, with a particular focus on: - Precision nutrition  - Postprandial metabolism - Food and fat structure Since commencing her research career at King's College London in 2000, she has been the academic leader for more than 30 human nutrition studies in cardio-metabolic health. Sarah has made a leading contribution to the knowledge-base on the influence of interesterification of triacylglycerols on postprandial metabolism. Her research also focuses on the influence of manipulation of food structure and subsequent effects on lipid and carbohydrate bioaccessibility and changes in postprandial metabolism. Ongoing research involves human and mechanistic studies to elucidate how markers of cardiometabolic health can be modulated following acute and chronic intakes of different fatty acids and interesterified fats, as well as studies to investigate the influence of cell wall integrity on macronutrient and micronutrient release from different plant-based foods. Sarah is also the lead nutritional scientist on the PREDICT programme, assessing the genetic, metabolic, metagenomic, and meal-dependent effects on metabolic responses to food in >3,000 individuals in the UK and US. This research is at the forefront of developments in personalised nutrition and is forging a new way forward in the design and implementation of large-scale remote nutrition research studies integrating novel technologies, citizen science and AI.

The consensus in the medical community about the importance of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction is finally shifting. Ample research shows that elevated triglycerides and triglyceride-related lipoproteins are more problematic than LDL-C when it comes to the risk of heart and metabolic disease. This new Electrolyte + Creatine Combo can help you crush your next workout: https://bit.ly/electrolyte-stix Use code podcast at checkout to save Enroll in the Blood Work MasterClass Live, our next call is Tuesday August 2nd, 2022: https://bit.ly/blood-work-masterclass Link to Video and Research:  Time Stamps: bit.ly/3JjJTbH 0:45 Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein is a hallmark of diabetic dyslipidemia. It cannot be controlled by statins.  4:50 Remnant cholesterol is independently associated with the onset of diabetes.  5:33 Remnant lipoproteins are a consequence of lipid absorption from the GI tract.  6:50 Apo-B is on the extra cellular surface of atherogenic vLDL, IDL, LDL, and remnant lipoprotein.  7:40 HDL have the Apo-A1 protein on the extra-cellular surface.  8:35 Test your Apo-B to Apo-A1 ratio and your vLDL, LDL and remnant lipoprotein assessment.  9:15 IDL and vLDL are enriched in triglycerides and cholesterol and drive inflammatory processes. 9:45 Statins are anti-inflammatory.  10:45 Remnant lipoproteins drive metabolic disease by increasing ectopic lipid deposition.   11:35 Remnant lipoproteins induce endothelial dysfunction. 12:00 Clotting cascades can be driven by remnant lipoproteins.  13:35 Remnant lipoproteins can penetrate the arterial wall and become trapped and oxidized, creating plaque. 15:00 Remnant triglyceride rich lipoproteins are more atherogenic than LDL cholesterol. 15:50 Dietary fat composition can render lipoproteins more oxidizable.  17:00 Request the labs listed on page 1 of the Bloodwork Cheat Sheet. Do fasted labs then non-fasted lipid levels.  18:15 Lipid Load Test: if your blood triglycerides are more than 220 nanograms/ml, you have difficulty processing fats in the post meal window. 18:55 Lose weight, especially around the abdomen.  19:35 Eat a low carb diet. 20:05 Exercise regularly, both resistance training and aerobic exercise. 20:25 Statins lower triglycerides 20 to 30%. They also induce insulin resistance, which increases triglycerides. 20:55 Omega 3 fats reduce triglycerides. Test your omega 3s. 23:05 Optimal fasting triglycerides are around 60 and 70. Postprandial triglycerides should be less than 180.

Doce é muito bom, né? Infelizmente, a vontade de doces é o que impede muitas pessoas de conseguir seguir uma alimentação saudável e emagrecer. Veja o que estes dois estudos revelaram sobre a vontade de doces, e qual o método para você parar de ser "escravo" dos doces - e poder degustá-los com prazer e calma, sem desespero. Você encontra receitas deliciosas e baixas em carboidratos estão disponíveis no nosso Livro Físico 120 Receitas Low-Carb De Sucesso (receba em casa com frete grátis): http://bit.ly/120-receitas-tanquinho Outros de nossos livros, cursos e treinamentos: https://landing.senhortanquinho.com/ ------------ * Dicas E Comentários Sobre Como Diminuir A Vontade de Doces * Existem algumas medidas práticas para acabar com a #vontade de doces. Como falamos, a vontade de #doces, ou de carboidratos, não é uma questão de "força ou fraqueza". Por exemplo, você sabia que algumas desregulações hormonais estão intimamente ligadas à vontade de comer carboidratos a noite? Falamos sobre isso aqui https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wag8oD-hQhk E o estudo 1 mostrou que o "consumo cronicamente alto de carboidratos pode afetar os sistemas de recompensa do cérebro, de maneiras que pode impedir a manutenção da perda de peso". Ou seja: coma muitos carboidratos, e pode ser mais difícil para você se manter magra. Já o estudo 2 mostrou que as pessoas que faziam um café da manhã mais rico em carboidratos tinha maiores oscilações na glicemia, e tiveram mais fome, e comeram mais calorias. Ou seja: mais um ponto para a dieta #lowcarb. (Entenda as diferenças e semelhanças entre low-carb, paleo, cetogênica, primal, aqui: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMDMteQg8N8 ) E veja como fazer um café da manhã low-carb aqui: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w0ie_q52mFY Estudos citados: 1 - Laura M Holsen, W Scott Hoge, Belinda S Lennerz, Hilâl Cerit, Taryn Hye, Priyanka Moondra, Jill M Goldstein, Cara B Ebbeling, David S Ludwig, Diets Varying in Carbohydrate Content Differentially Alter Brain Activity in Homeostatic and Reward Regions in Adults, The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 151, Issue 8, August 2021, Pages 2465–2476 2 - Wyatt, P., Berry, S.E., Finlayson, G. et al. Postprandial glycaemic dips predict appetite and energy intake in healthy individuals. Nat Metab 3, 523–529 (2021). Mas note que o *grau de processamento* dos alimentos é importante. Neste aspecto, prefira sempre a comida de verdade - explicamos o porquê aqui: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wh5z_aC7YnQ --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/senhortanquinho/support

We've decided to do a series of episodes on the fundamentals of good health - each containing the best practical information we've come across for improving the quality of your life and achieving your goals. We're focusing on the most commonly asked-about areas, such as stress and hormesis, movement and exercise, and diet and nutrition. Today we're kicking it off with a discussion about one of the most important, often the most frustrating, and easily the most overlooked pillar of health: sleep. On this podcast, Megan Hall and Clay Higgins draw from their years of combined health coaching experience to bring you their best advice for getting great sleep. They explain why you should care about the quality of your nighttime routine, and they discuss the impact of light, food and exercise on your ability to sleep well. They also share their opinions on supplements and technology designed to enhance sleep and talk about some of the more common behaviours that can lead to insomnia. Be sure to follow along with Megan's outline to get the most out of this episode. Here's the outline of this episode with Megan Hall and Clay Higgins: [00:01:30] Why we should care about sleep. [00:02:36] Quality vs quantity of sleep. [00:02:49] Mike T. Nelson's podcast: Why telling your clients to sleep more is horrible advice. [00:05:23] Circadian rhythm. [00:09:12] Strategies for reducing caffeine intake. [00:13:35] Daytime; chrononutrition and meal timing. [00:14:23] Higher and longer postprandial triglyceride elevation with the same high fat meal at night compared to during the daytime. Study: Sopowski, M. J., et al. "Postprandial triacylglycerol responses in simulated night and day shift: gender differences." Journal of Biological Rhythms 16.3 (2001): 272-276. [00:14:33] Better glucose sensitivity in the AM and during the day compared to at night; Study: Johnston, Jonathan D. "Physiological responses to food intake throughout the day." Nutrition research reviews 27.1 (2014): 107-118. [00:14:58] NBT Podcast with Bill Lagakos: Why You Should Eat Breakfast (and Other Secrets of Circadian Biology). [00:16:13] NBT Podcast with Ted Naiman: Protein vs. Energy for Improved Body Composition and Healthspan. [00:18:40] Book: Atomic Habits: An Easy & Proven Way to Build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones, by James Clear. [00:19:43] Consistency in meal timing. [00:24:14] Timing of exercise. [00:27:13] Cognitive work; Brain activity during the day may increase the need for sleep at night; Study: Reichert, Sabine, Oriol Pavón Arocas, and Jason Rihel. "The neuropeptide galanin is required for homeostatic rebound sleep following increased neuronal activity." Neuron 104.2 (2019): 370-384. [00:27:52] Bright light during the daytime hours makes you resilient to light-induced melatonin suppression at night; Study: Kozaki, Tomoaki, et al. "Effects of day-time exposure to different light intensities on light-induced melatonin suppression at night." Journal of physiological anthropology 34.1 (2015): 1-5. [00:30:12] Evening/nighttime strategies and solutions. [00:30:23] An early dinner is ideal; take a walk after. [00:31:43] Alcohol as disruptive to sleep. [00:34:34] Avoiding stress. [00:34:45] Dim/orange lights; Philips hue light bulbs; Blue blocking glasses. [00:37:40] f.lux and Iris. [00:38:32] Evening routines. T-WE tea, Cougar Tranquilizer. [00:39:53] Glycine; Chris Masterjohn on Why You Need Glycine. [00:44:22] Bedroom environment: temperature, darkness, quiet. [00:46:16] Eight Sleep. [00:49:44] Mouth taping; NBT Podcast with James Nester: How to Fix Your Breathing to Improve Your Health [00:54:12] Greg Potter's articles on sleep onset insomnia and sleep maintenance insomnia. [00:54:28] NBT Podcast with Ashley Mason: How to Use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia. [00:54:37] Go camping to retrain the circadian clock; Study: Wright Jr, Kenneth P., et al. "Entrainment of the human circadian clock to the natural light-dark cycle." Current Biology 23.16 (2013): 1554-1558. [00:56:33] Schedule a free 15-min call with Megan or Clay.

Professor Tim Noakes is one of the world's leading authorities in nutrition and in the science behind the sport. Through a lifetime of research, he has developed key scientific concepts in nutrition and sport that have challenged conventional global thinking in these areas. Professor Noakes is outstandingly impressive and has published more than 750 scientific books and articles and been cited more than 19,000 times. Join us as we explore:Why insulin resistance is the foundation to good health and avoiding diseaseWhat is the LC, LF, HF diet?The most dangerous aspect of diet Professor Noakes admits he has not worried about enough What actually causes cardiovascular disease- spoiler, it's not cholesterolOur mistake of focusing on glucose when insulin is the real storyHow to use exercise in the right way for maximum insulin healthThe sad state of medical and scientific corruption in food, C-19, and more. Mentions:Dugani SB, Moorthy MV, Li C, et al. Association of Lipid, Inflammatory, and Metabolic Biomarkers With Age at Onset for Incident Coronary Heart Disease in Women. JAMA Cardiol. 2021;6(4):437–447. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/article-abstract/2775559?guestAccessKey=6d7dabdd-2ab8-45a9-a315-4db512c1a3a5&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=012021DiNicolantonio JJ, Bhutani J, OKeefe JH, Crofts C. Postprandial insulin assay as the earliest biomarker for diagnosing pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes and increased cardiovascular risk. Open Heart. 2017;4(2):e000656. Published 2017 Nov 27. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5708305/https://nutrition-network.org“Omicron panic: how the dumping of 17,000 positive tests skewed the picture of SA's epidemic trajectory”. https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/investigations/covid19/omicron-panic-how-the-dumping-of-17-000-positive-tests-skewed-the-picture-of-sas-epidemic-trajectory-20211206SUPPORT THE SHOW ON PATREONAs much as we love doing it, there are costs involved and any contribution will allow us to keep going and keep finding the best guests in the world to share their health expertise with you. I'd be grateful and feel so blessed by your support: https://www.patreon.com/MadeToThriveShowCONTACT Steve Stav's and join our communityMade to Thrive - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/MadeToThriveZA/      Steve Stav - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SteveStavsZA/  Steve Stav - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/stevestavsza/  To make it easier for you to engage with me, send me a WhatsApp to +27 64 871 0308. This is not a group, but a private direct line. I would love to hear your feedback, answer your questions, and walk a health journey with you. Thanks!

So much of our health depends on metabolism. And specifically, one of the most important players in this space is how well controlled is our blood sugar. In looking at blood sugar, how it changes following a meal turns out to be a central mechanism that has widespread implications both in the short term (how we feel today) and the long term (risk for serious health issues). I'm going to present a technical term here, postprandial glycemia, which you will hear mentioned quite a bit in this podcast. Postprandial means after a meal, and glycemic means blood sugar level. As such, we are exploring what happens to blood sugar after a meal, something we should all care about. Our guests today include Dr. Momo Vuyisich, Chief Science Officer at Viome. We will be discussing his fascinating new research that was able to accurately correlate the postprandial glycemic response with a unique measurement of the metabolic products produced by gut bacteria. Dr. Vuyisich was actually able to predict how people would respond to specific types of foods, in terms of their blood sugar response, by looking at these bacterial metabolic markers. In that measurement of glycemic response is so central to understanding this research, I've also invited Dr. Casey Means of Levels to join us on the program again. Levels is a company that focuses on using a new technology, continuous glucose monitoring, which allows us to fully understand how our glycemic response plays out in the face of our food and other lifestyle choices. This is an exciting program. Please enjoy! ==== Momo Vuyisich, PhD Co-founder and Chief Science Officer at Viome Momo is an entrepreneur-scientist who is obsessed with building a healthier future in which chronic diseases and cancers are covered in history books, not TV commercials. He has used his extensive scientific expertise and business acumen to lead the development of the core Viome technologies, and their application towards healthier humanity. These technologies are enabling the transformation of the current healthcare, which focuses on symptoms management, into a completely novel preventative and curative model, where individuals can take control of their own health. Momo obtained his PhD in Chemistry from the University of Utah, and BS in Microbiology from the University of Texas at El Paso. He is also an adjunct professor at the New Mexico Tech University.   Casey Means, MD Casey Means, MD is a Stanford-trained physician, Chief Medical Officer and Co-founder of metabolic health company Levels, and Associate Editor of the International Journal of Disease Reversal and Prevention. Her mission is to maximize human potential and reverse the epidemic of preventable chronic disease by empowering individuals with tech-enabled tools that can inform smart, personalized, and sustainable dietary and lifestyle choices. Dr. Means's perspective has been recently featured in the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, Men's Health, Forbes, Business Insider, Techcrunch, Entrepreneur Magazine, The Hill, Metabolism, Endocrine Today, and more. Levelshealth.com

Probably the most rewarding part of running NBT is getting on the phone with someone who has been working with us for six or 12 months. I recently had a check-in call like this with our client, speech pathologist Lisa Walker. Lisa reached out to us back in March for help with getting her health on track. Six months in, she was excited to report that many of her decades-long symptoms have resolved, she's lost weight, and she now has the energy to do the things she wants to do. On this podcast, Lisa and I discuss her recovery from chronic illness, which included years of struggle with digestive problems, headaches, back pain and fatigue. While working with NBT Coach Clay Higgins, Lisa adopted a diet that works for her without counting calories or macros, and she's implemented lifestyle changes that have vastly improved her sleep and quality of life. Lisa isn't an elite athlete - she's just someone who was willing to roll up her sleeves and make some changes in return for a life she can be excited about. Here's the outline of this episode with Lisa Walker: [00:00:26] Lisa's background and health journey before NBT. [00:06:31] But I'm not an athlete! [00:07:16] Starting with NBT. [00:09:49] Diet changes over the years. [00:13:36] Whole30. [00:16:05] Visbiome probiotic. [00:17:35] Headaches - gone. [00:20:00] Body composition changes. [00:21:11] Energy in food can vary by up to 50% depending on the processing; Study: Barr, SadieB, and JonathanC Wright. "Postprandial energy expenditure in whole-food and processed-food meals: implications for daily energy expenditure." Food & nutrition research 54.1 (2010): 5144. [00:24:17] Managing stress. [00:26:03] Sleep: before and after. [00:27:11] Sleep as a keystone behavior; Podcast: How to Use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia, with Ashley Mason, PhD. [00:27:41] Greg Potter's articles on optimising sleep: 1. Having trouble sleeping? A primer on insomnia and how to sleep better 2. Sleep-maintenance insomnia: how to sleep through the night 3. Sleep-onset insomnia: how to get to sleep fast.  [00:29:56] Movement. [00:30:53] Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) training.  Podcasts: Blood Flow Restriction Training for Improved S, trength, Performance, and Healthspan, Blood Flow Restriction Q&A with Jim Stray-Gundersen, and Blood Flow Restriction Training: Science and Application.

Dr Sarah Berry is an Associate Professor of Nutritional Sciences at King's College London and her research interests relate to the influence of dietary components on markers of cardiovascular disease risk, with a particular focus on: - Precision nutrition - Postprandial metabolism - Food and fat structure Since commencing her research career at King's in 2000, she has been the academic leader for more than 30 human nutrition studies in cardio-metabolic health. Sarah has been working on the PREDICT studies which look at how our microbiome can influence our responses to certain foods and how we can personalise nutrition to improve our health.  Podcast with Yael Joffe on Nutrigenomics https://functionalhealth.podbean.com/e/50-dr-yael-joffe-nutrigenomics-the-relationship-between-nutrition-and-genetics/ Podcast with The Mac Twin https://functionalhealth.podbean.com/e/35-the-mac-twins-gut-stuff-how-to-improve-your-gut-health-why-gut-health-is-linked-with-whole-body-health-and-what-you-can-do-to-improve-yours/ ZOE https://joinzoe.com/ PREDICT 1 Study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32528... Dietary Inflammation https://joinzoe.com/whitepapers/dieta... https://academic.oup.com/cdn/article/... Glucose Dips https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33846... https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10444...

Understanding postprandial blood sugar isn't just important for those with diabetes or prediabetes. Being mindful of this number can help keep you healthy. Author: Michael Roussell, PhD Author: Thu Huynh, PhD Medical Reviewer: Rich Joseph, MD Link to article: https://www.levelshealth.com/blog/what-is-postprandial-blood-sugar-and-why-does-it-matter Become a Levels Member – levelshealth.com Learn about Metabolic Health – levelshealth.com/blog Follow Levels on Social – @Levels on Instagram and Twitter

In this episode, Ian reviews a 2016 paper in Diabetologia predicated on the self-care management of type 2 diabetes with a walking intervention aiming to evaluate 10-min. post-meal walks 3x/day compared to standard 30-min. walking advice for daily physical activity in an effort to control blood sugar levels.

In this “Ask Me Anything” (AMA) episode, Peter and Bob dive deep into blood glucose and why it matters so much with respect to metabolic health and longevity. They explain the need to pay close attention to metrics like average blood glucose, glucose variability, and peak glucose numbers. Additionally, Peter explains why he encourages all his patients, even nondiabetics, to utilize a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) which gives important insights that traditional lab testing and metrics consistently miss. If you're not a subscriber and listening on a podcast player, you'll only be able to hear a preview of the AMA. If you're a subscriber, you can now listen to this full episode on your private RSS feed or on our website at the AMA #24 show notes page. If you are not a subscriber, you can learn more about the subscriber benefits here.   We discuss: The problem with traditional blood tests and metrics for determining metabolic health [1:10]; The superior insights from a continuous glucose monitor [6:15]; Why lower is better than higher: average glucose, glucose variability, and glucose peaks [12:00]; Deep dive into average blood glucose and the importance of having the lowest average blood glucose possible [14:45]; Deep dive into glucose variability and why less variability is better [33:15]; Example of how HbA1c and traditional measures could catch metabolic issues too late [41:45]; Postprandial dips in blood glucose as a predictor of subsequent hunger and energy intake [43:00]; Exploring the idea that the suppression of fatty acids is actually causing hunger rather than a low blood glucose [49:45]; Deep dive into peak glucose and why lower peaks is better [57:15]; What the best rodent models tell us about the impact of peak glucose levels [1:06:25]; Why Peter encourages all his patients to wear a CGM [1:14:30]; and More. Learn more: https://peterattiamd.com/ Show notes page for this episode: https://peterattiamd.com/ama24/  Subscribe to receive exclusive subscriber-only content: https://peterattiamd.com/subscribe/ Sign up to receive Peter's email newsletter: https://peterattiamd.com/newsletter/ Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.

  Blueberries protect against inflammation Texas Women's University, March 14, 2021   In a recent study, researchers at Texas Woman’s University investigated the usefulness of polyphenols present in blueberries in controlling or reducing inflammation. Induced by oxidative stress, inflammation — especially if it becomes persistent — is closely linked to the development of many chronic diseases, such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The researchers discussed the anti-inflammatory activities of BBPs in an article published in the Journal of Medicinal Food. Blueberry polyphenols can be used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis RA is an autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease that destroys joints and causes disability in older adults. The etiology of RA is poorly understood and there is no mainstream cure for this disease. According to research, the accumulation and proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes — non-immune cells that make up the membranous tissue that lines joint cavities — may be involved in the destruction of cartilage commonly observed in RA. On the other hand, in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of dietary polyphenols derived from fruits and vegetables could help prevent this destruction. To examine the anti-inflammatory activities of blueberry polyphenols against RA, the researchers first stimulated rabbit synoviocytes with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), a cell signaling protein (cytokine) released by immune cells that plays a huge role in systemic inflammation. They then treated the synoviocytes with different doses of blueberry polyphenols. The researchers found that the pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-a, increased synoviocyte proliferation by around 19 percent, but treatment with blueberry polyphenols significantly decreased proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The polyphenol-treated synoviocytes also showed decreased levels of interleukin (IL)-1B and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB). IL-1B is a cytokine required for activating the innate immune response. Its role is to mediate the release of other pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially in the presence of an infection. NF-kB, on the other hand, is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in inflammation.  The researchers also reported that that the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 3, a key enzyme involved in the pathogenesis of RA, increased fivefold in the control TNF-a-stimulated group but decreased by threefold in the blueberry polyphenol-treated group, clearly showing the anti-RA activities of blueberry’s active components. Based on these findings, the researchers concluded that blueberry polyphenols can reduce inflammation associated with RA by downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the transcription factor, NF-kB.     Relationship between vitamin D deficiency and gestational and postpartum depression Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), March 16, 2021 According to news originating from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, research stated, “Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been associated with depressive symptoms in pregnancy and postpartum, which can result in increased adverse outcomes in the maternal-infant segment. A possible explanation in the literature is VDD relationship with genetic and neurological mechanisms.” Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from Federal University Rio de Janeiro, “to evaluate VDD relationship with gestational and postpartum depression. this review followed the recommendations proposed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Research was conducted in electronic databases, PubMed and LILACS, including studies of the analytical type (cross-sectional and longitudinal), systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and controlled clinical trials carried out in humans; inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. in this systematic review, eight articles were analyzed comprising 8,583 women from seven different countries. Among the selected articles, six found an association between VDD and gestational and postpartum depression. Considering the data collection, it was possible to conclude that there is a probable relationship between VDD and a higher predisposition to gestational and postpartum depression.” According to the news editors, the research concluded: “Also, we concluded that vitamin D supplementation has proven to be a promising strategy for reducing the risk of depressive symptoms.”     Lifestyle intervention is beneficial for most people with type 2 diabetes, but not all Wake Forest Medical Center, March 11, 2021 For people who are overweight or obese and have type 2 diabetes, the first line of treatment is usually lifestyle intervention, including weight loss and increased physical activity. While this approach has cardiovascular benefit for many, it can be detrimental for people who have poor blood sugar control, according to a study conducted by researchers at Wake Forest School of Medicine. In the study, published in the current issue of the journal Diabetes Care, the researchers re-evaluated the National Institutes of Health Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) study that found intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) neither helped nor hurt people with diabetes.  "Contrary to the initial findings of Look AHEAD, our work found that lifestyle interventions reduced potential cardiovascular harm and optimized benefits for 85% of those in the trial," said the study's lead investigator, Michael P. Bancks, Ph.D., assistant professor of public health sciences at Wake Forest School of Medicine, part of Wake Forest Baptist Health. "However, for those who had poor blood sugar control, lifestyle intervention increased the risk of major cardiovascular events. Based on our findings, doctors may want to consider alternative options, such as glucose-lowering drugs, before trying lifestyle modification for those people."  Look AHEAD randomized 5145 participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who were overweight or obese to 10 years of ILI or a control group that received diabetes support and education. ILI focused on weight loss through decreased caloric intake and increased physical activity.  In the Wake Forest School of Medicine study, the researchers divided the study participants into four subgroups: diabetes onset at older age, poor glycemic control, severe obesity and younger age at onset. These subgroups were determined based on diabetes diagnosis, body mass index, waist circumference, measure of blood sugar value (glycemic control) and the age of diabetes onset.  Bancks and his team examined each group's response to the intensive lifestyle intervention and its association with major cardiovascular events. In the subgroup with poor glycemic control, the intervention was associated with 85% higher risk of having a cardiovascular event as compared to the control group. Among the three other diabetes subgroups analyzed, ILI was not associated with an increased risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events. "Although the interest in diabetes subgroups is growing, our study is one of the first to apply it to lifestyle intervention," Bancks said. "So for clinicians, determining which subgroup their patient most closely resembles should help them determine the best treatment option and reduce any potential harm for that individual."  These results provide support for further investigation into whether these findings apply to other diabetes complications, including cognitive issues, and to assess what interventions would be beneficial for those individuals, Bancks said.   Depression doubles risk of death after heart attack, angina Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, March 8, 2021    Depression is the strongest predictor of death in the first decade following a diagnosis of coronary heart disease, according to a study scheduled for presentation at the American College of Cardiology's 66th Annual Scientific Session. The study found people with coronary heart disease who are diagnosed with depression are about twice as likely to die compared with those who are not diagnosed with depression.   "This study shows that it doesn't matter if depression emerges in the short term or a few years down the road—it's a risk factor that continually needs to be assessed," said Heidi May, PhD, a cardiovascular epidemiologist at the Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute in Salt Lake City and the study's lead author. "I think the take-home message is that patients with coronary disease need to be continuously screened for depression, and if found to be depressed, they need to receive adequate treatment and continued follow-up."   The study focused on patients diagnosed with a heart attack, stable angina or unstable angina, all of which are caused by a reduced flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart, typically as a result of plaque buildup in the heart's arteries. These conditions fall under the umbrella term coronary heart disease, which is the most common form of heart disease in the United States .   Researchers have long understood heart disease and depression to have a two-way relationship, with depression increasing the likelihood of heart disease and vice versa. Whereas previous studies have investigated depression occurring within a few months of a coronary heart disease diagnosis, the new study is the first to shed light on the effects of depression over the long term.   The researchers analyzed health records from almost 25,000 Intermountain Health System patients tracked for an average of nearly 10 years following a diagnosis of coronary heart disease. About 15 percent of patients received a follow-up diagnosis of depression, a substantially larger proportion than the estimated rate of 7.5 to 10 percent in the general population.   Out of 3,646 people with a follow-up diagnosis of depression, half died during the study period, compared to 38 percent of the 20,491 people who did not have a depression diagnosis. This means people with depression were twice as likely to die compared to those without depression.   After adjusting for age, gender, risk factors, other diseases, heart attack or chest pain, medications and follow-up complications, the results showed depression was the strongest predictor of death in this patient group. These results were consistent regardless of age, gender, the timing of depression onset, past history of depression or whether or not the patient had a heart attack.   Given the significant impact of depression on long-term survival, the researchers said clinicians should seek ways to better identify depression in patients with coronary heart disease, either by using patient questionnaires designed to screen for depression or by actively watching for signs of depression during follow-up examinations.   "It can be devastating to be diagnosed with coronary artery disease," May said. "Clinicians need to pay attention to the things their patients are expressing, in terms of both physical symptoms as well as emotional and nonverbal factors."   Signs of depression include persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness or worthlessness; anxiety, irritability or restlessness; losing interest in hobbies and activities; fatigue or moving slowly; difficulty sleeping or concentrating; aches or pains without a clear physical cause; changes in appetite or weight; and thoughts of death or suicide. Depression is linked with behaviors that can be detrimental to cardiovascular health, such as reduced physical activity, poor diet, increased smoking or alcohol use and reduced compliance with medical treatment.   The study did not evaluate the impact of depression treatment on the risk of death.     Wild mint can prevent blood sugar spikes after meals, reports study National Chemical Laboratory (India), March 12, 2021 Mentha arvensis, commonly known as wild mint, is a perennial flowering plant.  Wild mint leaves and essential oil are also traditionally used as natural medicines. The former is said to be a great remedy for liver inflammation, peptic ulcer, diarrhea, bronchitis, jaundice and skin diseases, while the latter is often used as an antiseptic. Because of the reported antioxidant activity of wild mint, Indian researchers decided to investigate if it also has antidiabetic properties. In a recent study, which appeared in the Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, the researchers looked at the potential of wild mint leaf extract to stop glycation. Glycation refers to the chemical reaction by which a sugar molecule attaches to a protein or lipid. This event is a consequence of hyperglycemia and is associated with the tissue damage often seen in diabetes. The researchers also explored the effect of wild mint extracts on the activity of two carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, as well as their influence on postprandial hyperglycemia. Wild mint extract can prevent blood sugar spikes after meals According to the researchers, interest in the use of alternative medicines to control diabetes, oxidative stress and related disorders has increased in recent years. This is due to the continuous rise in the number of people who develop diabetes around the world. In 2018, this number was estimated to be around 340 million, 70 million of which were from India. Postprandial hyperglycemia, or the increase in blood glucose after eating, is strongly implicated in the development of Type 2 diabetes and diabetic complications. Researchers believe that reducing the postprandial release of glucose in the blood is a promising therapeutic approach to treat or prevent diabetes. To achieve this, two enzymes involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates into sugar are considered as good antidiabetic targets. a-Amylase is a digestive enzyme that converts complex carbs like starch to simple sugars. Similarly, a-glucosidase hastens the digestion of oligosaccharides — three to 10 simple sugars linked together — and disaccharides (e.g., sucrose, maltose, lactose) into glucose molecules. Because of their functions, compounds that can inhibit a-amylase and a-glucosidase activity are used to reduce blood sugar levels in diabetics.  Wild mint is a medicinal herb with a long history of use in traditional medicine. Ancient healers considered it a promising natural remedy for diabetes. To investigate its ability to inhibit postprandial hyperglycemia, the researchers first derived wild mint extract from its leaves using methanol as solvent. They then tested the extract on male rats and performed various in vitro experiments to evaluate the extract’s antidiabetic activity. The researchers reported that the wild mint extract showed a remarkable ability to scavenge free radicals, as well as great potential to inhibit glycation. They noted that it successfully inhibited more than 90 percent of advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation. The wild mint extract also showed high inhibitory activity against a-amylase and ?-glucosidase and significantly inhibited postprandial hyperglycemia in rats with starch-induced diabetes. Based on these findings, the researchers concluded that wild mint has noninsulin-dependent antidiabetic activity and can be used to treat or prevent postprandial hyperglycemia.   Exercise during pregnancy may save kids from health problems as adults University of Virginia, March 15, 2021 Exercise during pregnancy may let mothers significantly reduce their children's chances of developing diabetes and other metabolic diseases later in life, new research suggests. A study in lab mice has found that maternal exercise during pregnancy prevented the transmission of metabolic diseases from an obese parent - either mother or father - to child. If the finding holds true in humans, it will have "huge implications" for helping pregnant women ensure their children live the healthiest lives possible, the researchers report in a new scientific paper. This means that one day soon, a woman's first trip to the doctor after conceiving might include a prescription for an exercise program. "Most of the chronic diseases that we talk about today are known to have a fetal origin. This is to say that the parents' poor health conditions prior to and during pregnancy have negative consequences to the child, potentially through chemical modification of the genes," said researcher Zhen Yan, PhD, a top exercise expert at the University of Virginia School of Medicine. "We were inspired by our previous mouse research implicating that regular aerobic exercise for an obese mother before and during pregnancy can protect the child from early onset of diabetes. In this study, we asked the questions, what if an obese mother exercises only during pregnancy, and what if the father is obese?" Exercise and Pregnancy Scientists have known that exercise during pregnancy helps lead to healthy babies, reducing the risk of pregnancy complications and premature delivery. But Yan, the director of the Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at UVA's Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, wanted to see if the benefits continued throughout the children's lives. And his work, both previous and new, suggests it does. To determine that, Yan and his collaborators studied lab mice and their offspring. Some of the adult mice were fed typical mouse chow before and during pregnancy, while other were fed a high-fat, high-calorie diet to simulate obesity. Some receiving the high-fat diet before mating had access to a voluntary running wheel only during pregnancy, where they could run all they liked, while others did not, meaning they remained sedentary.  The results were striking: Both mothers and fathers in the high-fat group could predispose their offspring to metabolic disorders. In particular, male offspring of the sedentary mothers on high-fat diets were much more likely to develop high blood sugar and other metabolic problems in adulthood. To better understand what was happening, the researchers looked at the adult offspring's metabolism and chemical (epigenetic) modification of DNA. They found there were significant differences in metabolic health and how active certain genes were among the different groups of offspring, suggesting that the negative effects of parental obesity, although different between the father and the mother, last throughout the life of the offspring. The good news is that maternal exercise only during pregnancy prevented a host of "epigenetic" changes that affect the workings of the offspring's genes, the researchers found. Maternal exercise, they determined, completely blocked the negative effects of either mother's or father's obesity on the offspring. The results, they say, provide the first evidence that maternal exercise only during pregnancy can prevent the transmission of metabolic diseases from parent to child. "The take-home message is that it is not too late to start to exercise if a mother finds herself pregnant. Regular exercise will not only benefit the pregnancy and labor but also the health of the baby for the long run," Yan said. "This is more exciting evidence that regular exercise is probably the most promising intervention that will help us deter the pandemic of chronic diseases in the aging world, as it can disrupt the vicious cycle of parents-to-child transmission of diseases."   Some veggies each day keeps the stress blues away University of Sydney, March 15, 2021   Published in the British Medical Journal Open, the longitudinal study of more than 60,000 Australians aged 45 years and above measured participants fruit and vegetable consumption, lifestyle factors and psychological distress at two time points . Psychological distress was measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, a 10-item questionnaire measuring general anxiety and depression. Usual fruit and vegetable consumption was assessed using short validated questions. Key findings   People who ate 3-4 daily serves of vegetables had a 12 per cent lower risk of stress than those who ate 0-1 serves daily. People who ate 5-7 daily serves of fruit and vegetables had a 14 per cent lower risk of stress than those who ate 0-4 serves daily. Women who ate 3-4 daily serves of vegetables had an 18 per cent lower risk of stress than women who ate 0-1 serves daily. Women who ate 2 daily serves of fruit had a 16 per cent lower risk of stress than women who ate 0-1 serves daily. Women who ate 5-7 daily serves of fruit and vegetables had a 23 per cent lower risk of stress than women who ate 0-1 serves daily.   At the start of the study, characteristics associated with higher stress included: being female, younger, having lower education and income, being overweight/obese, a current smoker and being physically inactive.   Fruit consumption alone had no significant association with a lower incidence of stress. There was no significant association between higher levels of fruit and vegetable intake (greater than 7 daily serves) and a lower incidence of stress.   "This study shows that moderate daily fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with lower rates of psychological stress," said Dr Melody Ding of the University of Sydney's School of Public Health. "It also reveals that moderate daily vegetable intake alone is linked to a lower incidence of psychological stress. Moderate fruit intake alone appears to confer no significant benefit on people's psychological stress."   These new findings are consistent with numerous cross sectional and longitudinal studies showing that fruit and vegetables, together and separately, are linked with a lower risk of depression and higher levels of well-being assessed by several measures of mental health.   "We found that fruit and vegetables were more protective for women than men, suggesting that women may benefit more from fruit and vegetables," said first author and University of Sydney PhD student, Binh Nguyen.   The investigators say further studies should investigate the possibility of a 'threshold' between medium and higher levels of fruit and vegetable intake and psychological stress.

Erin has been experimenting with NutriSense’s Continuous Glucose Monitor, and in this episode, she sat down with NutriSense Cofounder and Director of Nutrition, Kara Collier, RDN to get into the nitty gritty about what exactly is a CGM, the tech behind it and why someone would use it. While starting with the basics is always Step #1 (dialing in your whole foods diet, stress, sleep hygiene & movement), sometimes getting into the higher level nutrition concepts like a CGM is a good next step. Listen in to hear the breakdown on who this CGM is good for, who it’s NOT good for, and how it can be a beneficial step to help some who are looking to take their established health behaviors to the next level. Kara Collier is a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist and Certified Nutrition Support Clinician with a background in clinical nutrition, nutrition technology, and entrepreneurship. After becoming frustrated with the traditional healthcare system, she helped start the company NutriSense where she is now the Director of Nutrition. Kara is the leading authority on the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology, particularly in non-diabetics for the purposes of health optimization, disease prevention, and reversing metabolic dysfunction. Kara oversees the health team and product development and has personally interpreted thousands of complex glucose datasets. In this episode: -Outlining who a CGM sensor is not good for [2:11] -What is a continuous glucose monitor, and why use one? [7:09] -CGM vs a finger prick method [10:25] -Normal vs optimal glucose levels [14:27] -Postprandial response: three things NutriSense monitors with the CGM [16:25] -The value of monitoring blood glucose overnight [19:10] -The two types of hypoglycemia & underlying causes [21:15] -Other factors that impact glucose values beyond diet [22:26] -How stress affects glucose values [24:28] -A powerful activity that helps blood glucose levels [30:11] -Interpreting glucose trends vs glucose spikes [32:21] -How food sensitivities affect glucose levels [36:20] -Is a ketogenic diet or intermittent fasting a good idea? [37:50] Resources mentioned: BioKult Boosted probiotic supplement (3/9/21: NEW CODE! save 15% off your entire order with code FUNK15) https://www.bio-kult.com/bio-kult-boosted/p9 Organifi supplement powder (enter code FUNK for 20% off your order) https://www.organifi.com/FUNK/ NutriSense Continuous Glucose Monitor https://www.nutrisense.io The Carb Compatibility Project™ (next round starts in May) https://www.erinholthealth.com/carb-compatibility-project Eat to Achieve™ (start any time!) https://www.erinholthealth.com/eat-to-achieve Your Hormone Revival™ https://www.erinholthealth.com/hormones Follow Erin on Insta https://www.instagram.com/the.funktional.nutritionist/

Dr Sarah Berry is a researcher and senior lecturer in nutritional science at King's College London. Her research interests relate to the influence of dietary components on markers of cardiovascular disease risk; with a particular focus on the influence of food and fat structure on postprandial metabolism. Dr. Berry has been the academic leader for more than 30 human nutrition studies in cardio-metabolic health. Her research also focuses on the influence of manipulation of food structure and subsequent effects on lipid and carbohydrate bioaccessibility and changes in postprandial metabolism. Sarah is also the lead nutritional scientist on an ongoing series of postprandial metabolic studies, assessing the genetic, metabolic, metagenomic, and meal-dependent effects on postprandial metabolic responses in >1,200 individuals in the UK and US. Show notes available at sigmanutrition.com/episode361

A few weeks ago NBT Scientific Director Megan Hall and I met up to discuss the causes of postprandial fatigue, commonly known as “food coma”. We talked about two common causes, both associated with glucose dysregulation. Megan described some of the mechanisms causing hypoglycemia, including accelerated gastric emptying, periods of increased insulin sensitivity, and low hormonal states, while hyperglycemia is often associated with insulin resistance. This was such a big topic we only covered about half of it the first time around, so we’re continuing the conversation today. On this podcast, Megan and I discuss three additional causes of postprandial fatigue: endotoxin, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Megan describes each of these scenarios in detail, discussing some of the upstream causes that can be targeted early on to avoid problems. She also provides practical steps you can take if you’re one of the millions dozing off after lunch every day. Be sure to follow along with Megan’s outline for this podcast.  Here’s the outline of this interview with Megan Hall: [00:01:42] Previous podcast: Postprandial Fatigue: Is It Normal To Need A Nap After Lunch?  [00:03:20] Hans Vink; Hyperglycemia reduces glycocalyx volume while NAC infusion prevents the reduction. Nieuwdorp, Max, et al. "Loss of endothelial glycocalyx during acute hyperglycemia coincides with endothelial dysfunction and coagulation activation in vivo." Diabetes 55.2 (2006): 480-486. [00:03:51] Malcolm Kendrick on the glycocalyx; Podcasts: Why Cholesterol Levels Have No Effect on Cardiovascular Disease (And Things to Think about Instead) and A Statin Nation: Damaging Millions in a Brave New Post-health World. [00:04:51] NBT Strength and Conditioning Coach Zach Moore; Podcast: How to Strength Train Without a Gym. [00:06:21] Postprandial endotoxemia (PPE): definition, causes, downstream effects; Study: Kelly, Caleb J., Sean P. Colgan, and Daniel N. Frank. "Of microbes and meals: the health consequences of dietary endotoxemia." Nutrition in Clinical Practice 27.2 (2012): 215-225.  [00:11:04] What to do about PPE. [00:11:56] Probiotics; Podcasts: How to Optimise Your Gut Microbiome and Microbiome Myths and Misconceptions, with Lucy Mailing, PhD; How to Use Probiotics to Improve Your Health, with Jason Hawrelak, PhD. [00:12:10] Megasporebiotic; Study: McFarlin, Brian K., et al. "Oral spore-based probiotic supplementation was associated with reduced incidence of post-prandial dietary endotoxin, triglycerides, and disease risk biomarkers." World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 8.3 (2017): 117. [00:12:36] Chris' sister's story. [00:13:51] S. boulardii - may help with gut barrier function; Study: Terciolo, Chloe, Michel Dapoigny, and Frederic Andre. "Beneficial effects of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 on clinical disorders associated with intestinal barrier disruption." Clinical and experimental gastroenterology 12 (2019): 67. [00:14:23] Additional supplements that may help with gut: Enteromend, Permaclear, GI Revive, SBI Protect. [00:17:09] Dietary interventions for PPE. [00:17:14] Plant polyphenols; Studies: 1. Wong, Ximena, et al. "Polyphenol extracts interfere with bacterial lipopolysaccharide in vitro and decrease postprandial endotoxemia in human volunteers." Journal of Functional Foods 26 (2016): 406-417; 2. González‐Sarrías, Antonio, et al. "The endotoxemia marker lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein is reduced in overweight‐obese subjects consuming pomegranate extract by modulating the gut microbiota: A randomized clinical trial." Molecular nutrition & food research 62.11 (2018): 1800160; 3. Kolehmainen, Marjukka, et al. "Bilberries reduce low‐grade inflammation in individuals with features of metabolic syndrome." Molecular nutrition & food research 56.10 (2012): 1501-1510.  [00:17:36] Sulforaphane; Studies: 1. Yanaka, Akinori, Junya Sato, and Shun Ohmori. "Sulforaphane protects small intestinal mucosa from aspirin/NSAID-induced injury by enhancing host defense systems against oxidative stress and by inhibiting mucosal invasion of anaerobic enterobacteria." Current pharmaceutical design 19.1 (2013): 157-162. 2. Yanaka, Akinori. "Role of sulforaphane in protection of gastrointestinal tract against H. pylori and NSAID-induced oxidative stress." Current pharmaceutical design 23.27 (2017): 4066-4075. [00:17:53] Hormetea. [00:20:20] Dietary oil composition plays a role in endotoxin transport; Study: Mani, Venkatesh, James H. Hollis, and Nicholas K. Gabler. "Dietary oil composition differentially modulates intestinal endotoxin transport and postprandial endotoxemia." Nutrition & metabolism 10.1 (2013): 6. [00:21:55] Supporting detoxification; Studies: 1. Fox, Eben S., Peter Thomas, and Selwyn A. Broitman. "Hepatic mechanisms for clearance and detoxification of bacterial endotoxins." The journal of nutritional biochemistry 1.12 (1990): 620-628 (SciHub); 2. Munford, Robert S. "Invited review: detoxifying endotoxin: time, place and person." Journal of endotoxin research 11.2 (2005): 69-84. [00:22:20] Enterosgel. [00:24:04] Inflammation; Study: Mo, Zhenzhen, et al. "Endotoxin May Not Be the Major Cause of Postprandial Inflammation in Adults Who Consume a Single High-Fat or Moderately High-Fat Meal." The Journal of Nutrition 150.5 (2020): 1303-1312. [00:25:51] Lucy Mailing on gut barrier integrity: Article: Is a high-fat or ketogenic diet bad for your gut? Discussed on NBT Forum post. [00:26:26] Food sensitivities; Studies: 1. Ohtsuka, Yoshikazu. "Food intolerance and mucosal inflammation." Pediatrics International 57.1 (2015): 22-29; 2. Wilders-Truschnig, M., et al. "IgG antibodies against food antigens are correlated with inflammation and intima media thickness in obese juveniles." Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes 116.4 (2008): 241. [00:27:58] IL-1 and postprandial fatigue; Study: Lehrskov, Louise L., et al. "The role of IL-1 in postprandial fatigue." Molecular metabolism 12 (2018): 107-112. [00:29:05] Mitochondrial dysfunction and glucose dysregulation; Study: Sergi, Domenico, et al. "Mitochondrial (dys) function and insulin resistance: From pathophysiological molecular mechanisms to the impact of diet." Frontiers in physiology 10 (2019): 532. [00:29:54] Normal vs pathological biochemistry. [00:32:53] TCA cycle and electron transport chain. [00:33:21] Insulin resistance is a cellular antioxidant defense mechanism; Study: Hoehn, Kyle L., et al. "Insulin resistance is a cellular antioxidant defense mechanism." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106.42 (2009): 17787-17792. [00:35:02] Blood sugar dysregulation and mito dysfunction; Studies: 1. Stefano, George B., Sean Challenger, and Richard M. Kream. "Hyperglycemia-associated alterations in cellular signaling and dysregulated mitochondrial bioenergetics in human metabolic disorders." European journal of nutrition 55.8 (2016): 2339-2345; 2. Rolo, Anabela P., and Carlos M. Palmeira. "Diabetes and mitochondrial function: role of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress." Toxicology and applied pharmacology 212.2 (2006): 167-178; 3. Kaikini, Aakruti Arun, et al. "Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction for the treatment of diabetic complications: pharmacological interventions through natural products." Pharmacognosy Reviews 11.22 (2017): 128. [00:36:26] How to support mitochondria. [00:36:46] Low-carb diet; Study: Miller, Vincent J., Frederick A. Villamena, and Jeff S. Volek. "Nutritional ketosis and mitohormesis: potential implications for mitochondrial function and human health." Journal of nutrition and metabolism 2018 (2018). [00:37:04] Exercise; Studies: 1. Oliveira, Ashley N., and David A. Hood. "Exercise is mitochondrial medicine for muscle." Sports Medicine and Health Science 1.1 (2019): 11-18; 2. Memme, Jonathan M., et al. "Exercise and mitochondrial health." The Journal of Physiology (2019); 3. Huertas, Jesus R., et al. "Stay fit, stay young: mitochondria in movement: the role of exercise in the new mitochondrial paradigm." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (2019). [00:37:31] TRE or fasting, CR; Study: Lettieri-Barbato, Daniele, et al. "Time-controlled fasting prevents aging-like mitochondrial changes induced by persistent dietary fat overload in skeletal muscle." PloS one 13.5 (2018): e0195912. [00:38:03] Dietary polyphenols; Studies: 1. Sun, Chongde, et al. "Dietary polyphenols as antidiabetic agents: Advances and opportunities." Food Frontiers 1.1 (2020): 18-44; 2. Teixeira, José, et al. "Dietary polyphenols and mitochondrial function: role in health and disease." Current medicinal chemistry 26.19 (2019): 3376-3406. [00:38:47] Eat berries before a carb rich meal; 1. Törrönen, Riitta, et al. "Berries reduce postprandial insulin responses to wheat and rye breads in healthy women." The Journal of nutrition 143.4 (2013): 430-436; 2. Xiao, Di, et al. "Attenuation of postmeal metabolic indices with red raspberries in individuals at risk for diabetes: A randomized controlled trial." Obesity 27.4 (2019): 542-550. [00:39:34] Eat fatty fish; Studies: Lanza, Ian R., et al. "Influence of fish oil on skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics and lipid metabolites during high-fat diet." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 304.12 (2013): E1391-E1403; 2. de Oliveira, Marcos Roberto, et al. "Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and mitochondria, back to the future." Trends in food science & technology 67 (2017): 76-92. [00:39:53] Sleep; Studies: 1. Rodrigues, Nathane Rosa, et al. "Short-term sleep deprivation with exposure to nocturnal light alters mitochondrial bioenergetics in Drosophila." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 120 (2018): 395-406; 2. Schmitt, Karen, et al. "Circadian control of DRP1 activity regulates mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics." Cell metabolism 27.3 (2018): 657-666. [00:40:16] Supplements to support mitochondria; Study: Wesselink, E., et al. "Feeding mitochondria: potential role of nutritional components to improve critical illness convalescence." Clinical nutrition 38.3 (2019): 982-995. [00:42:22] Outline for this podcast.  [00:42:25] Dr. Josh Turkett’s 4-quadrant model. [00:44:47] 35% of pharmaceuticals cause mito dysfunction; Studies: 1. Meyer, Joel N., and Sherine SL Chan. "Sources, mechanisms, and consequences of chemical-induced mitochondrial toxicity." (2017): 2-4; and 2. Dykens, James A., and Yvonne Will. "The significance of mitochondrial toxicity testing in drug development." Drug discovery today 12.17-18 (2007): 777-785. [00:45:08] Environmental pollutants; Podcast: Environmental Pollutants and the Gut Microbiome, with Jodi Flaws, PhD. [00:45:22] Psychological stress; Podcast: Germline Exposures with Jill Escher. [00:46:35] Support NBT on Patreon. [00:46:51] Book a free 15-minute starter session with one of our coaches.

We get a lot of questions from our clients about postprandial fatigue. Never heard of it? Well you’ve certainly familiar with the term “food coma” - and perhaps with the experience of being in one. What causes this phenomenon and why does it affect some people more than others? Is it normal to need a nap after lunch?  On this podcast I’m joined by NBT Scientific Director Megan Hall to talk about postprandial fatigue - the sleepiness, difficulty focusing, and even dizziness or nausea that strikes after consuming a meal. Megan talks about some of the biological processes behind the need for a post-meal snooze, and when to suspect a deeper pathology. She also offers practical tips to help you resolve your own postprandial fatigue. Thank you everyone who so generously supports this podcast on Patreon - without your support, we wouldn’t be able to keep this podcast independent and free of ads. So thank you. And just a reminder - as a Patreon supporter - not only do you have our eternal gratitude, but also... You get some awesome gifts - including 20-35% discounts on all supplements we recommend when working with clients, which saves many of our supporters $50-$100 a month over what they were previously paying on Amazon. So by supporting the podcast, they’re actually spending LESS money each month. In addition to that, you can also get access to our Office Hours, where Megan answers questions twice a week. You can submit all your own questions, as well as listen to all the replays, covering everything from krill oil to mitochondrial support. We’ve worked really hard to make sure that the bonuses you get are actually way more valuable than what you pay whatever level you choose to support us at. So if you’d like to support the podcast and get access to the discounts and Office Hours, just head over to NBT.link and sign up there. Here’s the outline of this interview with Megan Hall: [00:04:25] Common symptoms of postprandial fatigue. [00:05:46] Reactive hypoglycemia; Study: Johnson, Debra D., Kay E. Dorr, and Wendell M. Swenson. "Reactive hypoglycemia." JAMA 243.11 (1980): 1151-1155.  [00:06:35] Diagnosing reactive hypoglycemia; Study: CHALEW, STUART, et al. "Diagnosis of reactive hypoglycemia: pitfalls in the use of the oral glucose tolerance test." Southern Medical Journal 79.3 (1986): 285-287. [00:09:00] Symptoms and causes of hypoglycemia. [00:09:37] Increased insulin sensitivity; Studies: 1. Brun, J. F., et al. "Increased insulin sensitivity and basal insulin effectiveness in postprandial reactive hypoglycaemia." Acta Diabetologica 33.1 (1996): 1-6; 2. Vexiau, P., B. Legoff, and G. Cathelineau. "Insulin and cortisol secretion during OGTT in patients with reactive hypoglycaemia with or without clinical symptoms." Hormone and metabolic research 15.09 (1983): 419-421. [00:09:47] Hypocortisolism; Studies: 1. Meyer, Gesine, et al. "Nocturnal hypoglycemia identified by a continuous glucose monitoring system in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)." Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 14.5 (2012): 386-388; 2. Christiansen, Jens Juel, et al. "Effects of cortisol on carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism: studies of acute cortisol withdrawal in adrenocortical failure." The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 92.9 (2007): 3553-3559. [00:10:05] Hypothyroidism; Studies: 1. Kalra, Sanjay, Ambika Gopalakrishnan Unnikrishnan, and Rakesh Sahay. "The hypoglycemic side of hypothyroidism." Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 18.1 (2014): 1; 2. Yadav, Tek Chand, et al. "Recurrent hypoglycemia: An unusual finding of hypothyroidism." Thyroid Research and Practice 14.3 (2017): 127. [00:10:53] What to do about hypoglycemia. [00:13:09] Accelerated gastric emptying. [00:16:20] Reactive hypoglycemia after exercise. [00:18:51] Postprandial hyperglycemia; Study: Gerich, John E. "Clinical significance, pathogenesis, and management of postprandial hyperglycemia." Archives of internal medicine 163.11 (2003): 1306-1316. [00:20:38] Problems associated with hyperglycemia; Studies: 1. Ceriello, Antonio, et al. "Meal-induced oxidative stress and low-density lipoprotein oxidation in diabetes: the possible role of hyperglycemia." Metabolism 48.12 (1999): 1503-1508; 2. Ceriello, Antonio, et al. "Meal-generated oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients." Diabetes care 21.9 (1998): 1529-1533; 3. Cavalot, F. "Do data in the literature indicate that glycaemic variability is a clinical problem? Glycaemic variability and vascular complications of diabetes." Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 15.s2 (2013): 3-8; 4. Ceriello, Antonio, et al. "Evidence for an independent and cumulative effect of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia on endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress generation: effects of short-and long-term simvastatin treatment." Circulation 106.10 (2002): 1211-1218; 5. Tibaldi, Joseph. "Importance of postprandial glucose levels as a target for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes." Southern medical journal 102.1 (2009): 60-66. [00:21:24] Insulin resistance. [00:21:39] Video: PAH 2016 - A systems analysis approach to insulin resistance, with Dr. Tommy Wood. [00:23:02] What to do: Look at diet; 1. Krebs, Jeremy D., et al. "Improvements in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity with a low-carbohydrate diet in obese patients with type 2 diabetes." Journal of the American College of Nutrition 32.1 (2013): 11-17; 2. Lin, Po-Ju, and Katarina T. Borer. "Third exposure to a reduced carbohydrate meal lowers evening postprandial insulin and GIP responses and HOMA-IR estimate of insulin resistance." PloS one 11.10 (2016): e0165378; 3. MacDonald, Ian A. "A review of recent evidence relating to sugars, insulin resistance and diabetes." European journal of nutrition 55.2 (2016): 17-23; 4. Bradley, Una, et al. "Low-fat versus low-carbohydrate weight reduction diets: effects on weight loss, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk: a randomized control trial." Diabetes 58.12 (2009): 2741-2748. [00:28:46] Mediterranean diet; Study: Guasch-Ferré, Marta, et al. "Dietary polyphenols, Mediterranean diet, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes: a narrative review of the evidence." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017 (2017). [00:29:56] Endotoxemia and insulin resistance 1. Moreira, AP Boroni, and R. de Cássia Gonçalves Alfenas. "The influence of endotoxemia on the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance." Nutrición hospitalaria 27.2 (2012): 382-390; 2. Cani, Patrice D., et al. "Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance." Diabetes 56.7 (2007): 1761-1772. [00:30:24] Megan's outline for this podcast.  [00:31:19] When fatigue after a meal might be normal. [00:33:08] Article: Why a pandemic flu shot caused narcolepsy. [00:33:49] Both high fat and high carb meals can cause sleepiness; Study: Wells, Anita S., et al. "Effects of meals on objective and subjective measures of daytime sleepiness." Journal of applied physiology 84.2 (1998): 507-515. [00:33:56] Intestinal stimulation can cause sleepiness; Kukorelli, Tibor, and Gábor Juhász. "Electroencephalographic synchronization induced by stimulation of small intestine and splanchnic nerve in cats." Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology 41.5 (1976): 491-500. [00:34:20] Sleepiness after eating vs. just chewing; Study: MJ Harnish, SR Greenleaf, WC Orr, “A comparison of feeding to cephalic stimulation on postprandial sleepiness.” Physiology & behavior 64.1 (1998):93-96. [00:34:38] Cholecystokinin (CCK) may affect the alert centers in the brain; Study: Wells, Anita S., et al. "Influences of fat and carbohydrate on postprandial sleepiness, mood, and hormones." Physiology & behavior 61.5 (1997): 679-686. [00:37:13] Thermogenesis; Study: Zammit, Gary K., et al. "Postprandial sleep and thermogenesis in normal men." Physiology & behavior 52.2 (1992): 251-259. [00:37:40] Summary: How to fix the problem. [00:38:43] Nutrisense for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). [00:46:29] Timing your walk with glucose peak; Study: Reynolds, Andrew N., and Bernard J. Venn. "The timing of activity after eating affects the glycaemic response of healthy adults: a randomised controlled trial." nutrients 10.11 (2018): 1743. [00:51:01] Support NBT on Patreon to access the forum.  

In this episode Dr. Donohoe and Dr. Panno discuss digestion, post-prandial (post-meal) glucose, and how they each affect one another.  We go over several studies that assess gastric emptying time (rate of digestion) and its impact on post-prandial glucose spikes and stability. We cover the various things that can change gastric emptying time and how you can use this information to better control your blood sugar. PLEASE SUBSCRIBE TO THE PODCAST For more Diabuddies content follow us on The Diabuddies Podcast Facebook page. Twitter: @TheDiabuddies Instagram: @thediabuddiespodcast You can email us at TheDiabuddiesPodcast@gmail.com   Time Stamps 2:11 - Why Carbs are not the only factor for dosing a meal? 4:20 - Defining Post-Prandial Glucose and Gastric Emptying (GE) 6:05 - Common Symptoms for Digestive Issues for Non-Diabetics, Type 1's and Type 2's 9:52 - The 3 Main Factors that affect the Postprandial response 14:40 - You can get Neuropathy on your stomach? Autonomic Neuropathy and Digestion 22:25 - More Accurate (Nerdy) Definition of Gastric Emptying  23:45 - The 3 Main Factors of Macronutrients and their Impact on Gastric Emptying 27:00 - Blood Sugar's Impact on the Motility of Food in Non Diabetics and Diabetics  34:51 - Meal Characteristics with the macronutrients (Carb/Protein/Fat) 43:16 - Cholecystectomy (Removal of Gallbladder), and its impact on Digestion and therefore Blood Sugar 50:03 - Different Insulin Dosage Strategies for different macronutrients  57:56 - SO WHAT? How can we use GE in the future to manage blood sugar? 1:10:41 - Applying GE to specific diets (Keto/Vegan/Low Carb, etc) and other health conditions  1:14:39 - Bursts My Beta cells   Resources/Links Discussed in the episode: Lupoli, Roberta, et al. “Gastric Emptying Impacts the Timing of Meal Glucose Peak in Subjects With Uncomplicated Type 1 Diabetes.” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 103, no. 6, 2018, pp. 2269–2276., doi:10.1210/jc.2017-02811. Lupoli, Roberta, et al. “Postprandial Glucose Control in Type 1 Diabetes: Importance of the Gastric Emptying Rate.” Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 7, 2019, p. 1559., doi:10.3390/nu11071559. Marathe, Chinmay S., et al. “Hypoglycaemia and Gastric Emptying.” Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, vol. 21, no. 3, 2018, pp. 491–498., doi:10.1111/dom.13570. Smart, C. E. M., et al. “Both Dietary Protein and Fat Increase Postprandial Glucose Excursions in Children With Type 1 Diabetes, and the Effect Is Additive.” Diabetes Care, vol. 36, no. 12, 2013, pp. 3897–3902., doi:10.2337/dc13-1195.

Health food tends to run in trends. At the moment coconut is king. But just as we live in a material world with two sides to everything, it appears there may be a “shadow side” to coconut oil—for some patients. You will learn Dr. Berkson’s conclusions from first hearing this at an A4M Anti-aging Gastroenterology module she was both a professor and student at, along with “sleuthing’ the science. In this show you will learn: What is intestinal permeability and why is “Goldilocks” just right permeability critical. What is coconut fat and how is this saturated fat very different from animal saturated fat. What is LPS and endotoxins. How to test for LPS and which labs do it. How different oils effect this. How different oils effect how we absorb sugar from food. Who should be very moderate if not avoid coconut oil and who doesn’t need to. What might coconut oil do to the gut wall and what are the studies suggesting this. What might coconut oil to the colonic microbiome and what are the studies suggesting this. Where is the Department of Nutrition that 1st published a pig and now a human study looking at every hour, up to five hour, blood levels of endotoxins, after consuming coconut oil. This does not reflect food. This probably does not reflect MTC oils. The gut and gut wall benefit of spore probiotics. The role of dietary fats and fatty liver. A few interesting citations: Lipids Health Dis. 2016 Nov 5;15(1):186. Postprandial serum endotoxin in healthy humans is modulated by dietary fat in a randomized, controlled, cross-over study. BMC genomics 19 (1), 808  2018 Nov 7 Differential Effects of Coconut Versus Soy Oil on Gut Microbiota Composition and Predicted Metabolic Function in Adult Mice J Med Food 2019 Dec 3 Virgin Coconut Oil Associated With High-Fat Diet Induces Metabolic Dysfunctions, Adipose Inflammation, and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation Influencia de la ingesta de aceites vegetales en la absorción intestinal de glucosa in vitro en hamster dorado [Influence of intake of vegetable oils on the in vitro intestinal absorption of glucose in golden hamsters]. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1995;45(4):290–294.      

Dr Jaime Seeman is a board certified Obstetrician and Gynecologist practicing in Omaha, Nebraska. Born and raised in the state she played collegiate softball for the Cornhuskers. She has a Bachelor of Science degree in Nutrition, Exercise and Health Sciences. She then went on to graduate from medical school and completed her OBGYN residency at The University of Nebraska Medical Center. She currently is in private practice at Mid City OBGYN offering a full range of services in obstetrics, gynecology, robotic surgery and primary care. She is a fellow in Integrative Medicine at The University of Arizona School of Medicine. She is a board certified ketogenic nutrition specialist through The American Nutrition Association. She has a passion for fitness, preventative medicine and ketogenic therapy not only in her medical practice but in her own life. She is married to her husband Ben, a police Sergeant and has three young daughters.  Time Stamps: 6:59 Start of the Podcast 7:44 Jaime's story  11:44 Athletes and nutrition  13:24 When did Jamie become insulin resistant/low carb pushback? 18:49 Jamie's vegan/carnivore experiments and postprandial glucose.  20:29 Blood Sugars on carnivore/keto/vegan. 27:59 Was Jaime eating junk food before going keto? 31:33 What is Jaime eating ? 33:14 Hormones on a ketogenic/carnivore diet(women). 46:59 Estrogen dominance  54:29 Methylation. 57:14 If healthy do we need DIM supplements? 1:01:19 What causes high beta glucuronidase? 1:02:59 Thyroid. Do we need carbs for a healthy thyroid? 1:13:29 Postprandial rise in insulin when you eat protein. 1:19:34 How to fix estrogen dominance. 1:23:14 Troubleshooting for hormones  1:31:19 Is low carb safe during pregnancy? 1:42:59 Where to find Jamie.  1:43:44 The most radical thing Jaime has done recently. Dr. Seeman’s contact information:   www.doctorfitandfabulous.com Instagram: @doctorfitandfabulous Ancestral Supplements https://ancestralsupplements.com/   Code SALADINOMD on the shopify site to receive 10% off.   Use the code CARNIVOREMD at www.whiteoakpastures.com all month for 10% off your order!   JOOVV: www.joovv.com/paul INSIDER: carnivoremd.com   My contact information:   Book: www.thecarnivorecodebook.com   PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/paulsaladinomd   SOCIAL MEDIA  Instagram: @carnivoremd Website: carnivoremd.com Twitter:@carnivoremd  Facebook: Paul Saladino MD email: drpaul@carnivoremd.com

Postprandial somnolence better known as "the itis" is usually what someone will say they experience when they are sleepy and sluggish after eating a large meal. Scientifically speaking, "itis" is a suffix which means inflammation or disease. There are a lot of people living with debilitating illnesses and diseases that just chuck it off to genetics or age not realizing it is related to lifestyle choices. In today's episode, we will explore inflammation related to food discussing Will Smith's family health intervention, nutrition and digestive issues, the difference between food allergies and and intolerances, and Johane's H. Pylori health story. In this episode learn about: -The difference between food allergies and food sensitivities -Why "the itis" may be an indication of more serious health issues -Practical steps related to combating digestive disorders while eating a health-ful diet. Music by: Lakey Inspired https://soundcloud.com/lakeyinspired (https://www.youtube.com/redirect?q=https%3A%2F%2Fsoundcloud.com%2Flakeyinspired&v=0-6NexUAIIo&event=video_description&redir_token=vv7eznQk14fCGk8_iJSQkaBWnYV8MTU3NDExNTA1OUAxNTc0MDI4NjU5)

This Solo inspired episode dives into the subject of Postprandial movement (movement after eating a meal): benefits, timing, intensity

Welcome back to our weekend Cabral HouseCall shows! This is where we answer our community's wellness, weight loss, and anti-aging questions to help people get back on track! Check out today's questions:  Karyn: Hello, after receiving my OAT results earlier this year I have commenced the CBO Protocol. All is going well and i am into my 6th week,  however, I have noticed my asthma has become particularly bad during this time and I am having to take my cortico-steriod inhaler almost every second day.  I believe inhaling my cortico-steriod contributed to the growth of candida in the first place. Will the CBO work if I'm still taking this medication? And why do you think the CBO Protocol has affected my asthma in this way? I only developed asthma 6 years ago after moving to another city (in subtropical Australia) and getting cats for pets. I found out I was allergic to cats and found a new home for them last year. Is there something I'm missing if I've removed the allergy (cats) from my life but I'm still getting asthma flare ups on this CBO protocol? Should I cease the protocol until I've got my asthma under control? Thank you for you advice in advance, your podcasts have changed my life for the better and I love learning everyday from you. Anne: I just read The Longevity Diet by Valter Longo and he shares similar views to yours on diet and longevity. One difference I see is that he recommends a 5 day fast, and that autophagy begins on day 3. I have also read other articles that say that autophagy begins after day 3. Curios to your thoughts on why you recommend adding regular food on day 3 of your detox and how your method compares to the fasting mimicking diet he recommends.Just a note that I have afib and are doing everything I can to avoid chemicals or ablation. I have completely changed my diet to vegan plant based, take supplements (magnesium, taurine, omega3, D3 and am planning to take more). So far went from 3-4 incidents a week to 1 a week. I thought fasting or detox might take it to the next level. Thank you for all you do! Your podcasts have been very educational. Katie: Hi Dr Cabral, I’ve been listening to your podcasts (love it!) regarding blood sugar and know you are in agreement with other functional docs regarding fasting blood sugar and the range being good between 75 and 95. My blood sugar has been a bit high in the AM and have implemented your adrenal soothe and added carbs and now I’m in the 80s usually! So it seems to have been an adrenal issue? Anyway,now I am wondering how my after meal BS sugar is looking. I know you would like to see the fasting range two hours after but what about an hour after? I have recently read and article, written by someone I respect, that the goal is to not have your BS spike above 125 but is this possible with carbs? When I have a cheat meal I find that it goes into the 160s. And often it doesn’t come down to ideal range after two hours. This is the main reason I have stayed away from carbs and your OAT showed that I have done too much of this. The only other issue revealed was Candida overgrowth and I have not started the protocol yet. Id love you to weigh in! I am Vata type all the way if that help Carrie: I have been binge eating for about 10 years now on and off. I feel like I’m so bored in life and constantly need to be ‘doing’. This binge eating is only thing that ‘calms me down’. I have seen many natural health practitioners about this but the binge eating is still there. Do you have any suggestions Anonymous: I have a question about bloating, bad gas and peri-rectal dermatitis that started after finishing your CBO protocol (with citracidal drops) and starting the heavy metal detox. I performed the OAT, HTMA, and food sensitivities test before starting any of the protocols. I was told overall things look pretty good. OA had "mild" CBO and low vit C, HTMA high aluminum, Food sensitives only cranberries and candida as high reactors. Had a couple of moderate reactors that I rarely eat. I use the daily nutrition support shake along with several other of the equilibrium products (vit C, vit b, digestive enzymes, etc) but use a different greens powder b/c of the cranberry, just to give some background. I did the CBO protocol followed by the heavy metal detox per recommendations. After starting the heavy metal detox I started having extreme flatulence and bloating that would results in a perirectal dermatitis. What's going on? Don't get me wrong, I would occasionally have some gas before but never to this extent and these additional other problems. Magaly: Hello Dr. Cabral. I’m pregnant with my third child right now and considering Tube ligation as a form of permanent contraception. I’ve been on the pill for a very long time and after listening to your podcasts no longer feel it is the healthiest thing for me to do. (Side note: since I did decide to come off the pill I became pregnant as a result )I want to know what your view point is and how it might affect or change my overall heath, as well as any better suggestions as a form of contraceptives.Thank you for sharing all your knowledge with us. Greg: Hi Dr. Cabral, Apologies for the long post. I'm desperate and in tears writing this and pray I can get your help. My 5 year old daughter has been having headaches, anxiety and sleep problems for about 2 years. We recently did an OAT, Food Panel and MycoTox test. Results show she is allergic to eggs and cashews, low on Vit C, all other gut function and markers normal. The mycoTox test was off the charts for Aspergillus, specifically Ochratoxin A at a 29.48, Gliotoxin levels in red as well at 950.27 and Aflatoxin-M1 at

We are hard-wired to follow a routine. This is why we perform certain tasks better throughout various times of the day. So designing your hiring routine to follow a person's optimal performance is crucial making the right hiring decision. Understanding and evolving your personal and company routines are vital for attracting talent! Today’s Quote: "Celebrate life in all its glory - challenge yourself to let the routine sing, and the new dance." - Maximillian Degenerez Guest Bio: Conventional wisdom suggests the best way to navigate our noisy new world is to accept change: Open up to novelty. Go with the flow. Embrace the relentless pelting of content minute by minute. Dr. I. is here to say this is not the best way to journey through our lives — and in fact, may go against our very nature. Dr. Angel Iscovich is the President of Inflexion, LLC and the Author of his new book: Routineology: the Art and Science of Routine. Find out more on his web page www.angeliscovich.com and Routineology for Instagram and Doctor I on Twitter. The crux of Dr. I’s book is that humans not only require structure, they thrive in it. From the womb to the tomb, we create and recreate numerous dynamic “Time Bubbles,” offering us meaning, fulfillment, and purpose. He is excited to show how implementing routine in one's life can lead to better, health, joy, and fulfillment. Show highlights: The science of a routine Benefits and negatives of a routine Build a strong routine into your hiring practice Problem: What is a routine and why does this matter? The science of a routine We are wired for regularity Change is not necessarily good for us. Routine is boring because you are doing the wrong things, wrong habits Leadership Importance to develop regularity, routine & structure Routines become rituals and rituals drive the culture of the company Doing things regularly enhances performance Solutions: Personal Routine Make a routine of spending 45 minutes alone - reflecting Turn off the data, social media Especially if you are being creative or making a big decision Wired to regularity: being smart about what we do and when we do it Knowing your Circadian rhythm Technology is not able to replace Humanity, “Techmanity”, or how we are wired, is important in hiring talented people. Company rituals need to be re-engineered to meet the needs of the people Interview & work productivity routine Task-related activity 8-10 am People Engagement 10-12pm (people are most social) Postprandial dip after lunch recovery time (task-related) Cortisol levels drop by 3 pm (Starbucks coffee, tea time) - Innovation time Least productive time - the body needs an energy boost Good time to meditate NOT a good time to interview! Great time for Innovation though... brainstorming Another hour of productivity 4-6pm Send people home at 3 pm and log on for another hour of work at 7 pm *Optimal interview time between 10-3 Rick’s Input Hiring routine with the purpose of being impressive Interview people when they are most Key Takeaways: We are wired for Regularity and our unique Routines in themselves give us meaning and purpose. Our Circadian Rhythm provides us with when we are at our best and when we can be most productive. We need leaders to make for stable environments for our team members that create Routines, Rituals, and our Company Culture.  

Topic: Postprandial zinc isotopic effect in human serum. Overview: My research will help ensure the best representative sample is taken in future studies investigating the potential of zinc isotopes as biological markers of disease like breast cancer and Alzheimer’s.

Looking Deeper at Your Blood Tests - Dr. J Live Podcast #168 Get Show Updates Here: http://www.beyondwellnessradio.com/newsletter You-tube Podcast Subscribe: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=justinhealth Show Transcription: https://justinhealth.com/looking-deeper-at-your-blood-tests-dr-j-live-podcast-168 Dr. Justin Marchegiani welcomes Dave Korsunsky, founder and Chief Executive Officer ofheadsuphealth.com, which is a website about tracking health data. Join them as they discuss about blood sugar levels, ketone levels, blood test and other health-related data that can be integrated with smart devices and the website as a means of analyzing your health. Know about preprandial and postprandial blood sugar readings and glucose functional ranges. Also, find out more about the Carb Tolerance Test and learn how it can provide value and insight to how your body responds to sugar from different food sources. In this episode, we talk about:  05:08   Functional Glucose Tolerance 13:45   Body Composition and Postprandial response 18:16   Quick walk through on Headsuphealth 31:51   Heart Rate Variability 35:54   Stress and its associated markers Link to the products mentioned in the video: Adjustable Kettlebells: http://amzn.to/2DpAEIu TRX suspension trainer: http://amzn.to/2DlXUmq Push up bar: http://amzn.to/2EVyRqI Subscribe on I-Tunes: http://www.beyondwellnessradio.com/itunes Review us at: http://www.beyondwellnessradio.com/itunes Visit us at: http://www.beyondwellnessradio.com Have a question: http://www.beyondwellnessradio.com/question

For the first episode of the new season of Special Sauce I invited on a very special guest: the brilliant, original, and always thoughtful Adam Driver. We talked about his unusual path to an acting career, which took him through the Marines. His time in the armed services had a profound influence on his life and work, which he talks about in poignant detail. And we talked about Arts in the Armed Forces, the extraordinary non-profit he and his wife, Joanne Tucker, founded. The organization puts on performances of monologues and music for military personnel and their families both domestically and all around the world.   Adam and I spoke about a range of other topics, including how he managed to lose 50 pounds for his role in Martin Scorsese's "Silence," and how he has taken up cooking–he admits to not being very good at it–on his infrequent breaks. I also got the opportunity to ask about the dinner Kenji had recently cooked for Adam and Joanne.   Adam Driver is funny, smart, thoughtful, and loves to eat and cook. In short, he's the perfect Special Sauce guest, as you'll find out when you check out Part 1 of his visit to the Special Sauce studios. 

In this week’s episode of Evolve Nutrition Radio we continue the controversy discussing calories versus food quality, and whether these have to be exclusive. We discuss why calories matter when it comes to maintaining muscle and losing fat, and how flexible dieting and IIFYM was never meant to be a justification for eating junk food. What calories don’t account for in terms of vitamins and minerals, and how these vitamins and minerals from food support energy metabolism. We discuss how dieting causes a lower metabolic rate and poor thyroid function and many more health concerns. Lastly we talk about How tracking calories and macronutrients has benefits for real portion sizes and helping with adjustments in the nutrition plan. How calories and macros help people looking to gain weight/muscle and give them sustainable gauges for tracking in the future without a scale or tracking app. Postprandial energy expenditure in whole-food and processed-food meals: implications for daily energy expenditure study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897733/

Host: Alan S. Brown, MD, FNLA Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia occurs when the rapid absorption of dietary fat (in the form of chylomicron triglycerides) overwhelms the body's ability to clear plasma triglyceride. In its most severe form, postprandial hypertriglyceridemia can lead to chylomicronemia and a greatly increased risk of acute, life-threatening pancreatitis. Joining host Dr. Alan Brown to talk about this condition and a trial drug treatment in research and development is Dr. Dan Meyers, one of the top winners in the Abstracts Program of the National Lipid Association's Annual Scientific Sessions. Dr. Meyers is currently a Translational Medicine Expert with Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research (NIBR) in Cambridge, MA. While at NIBR, he has designed and executed first-in-human, proof of concept, and mechanistic studies with novel compounds intended for the treatment of dyslipidemia, diabetes and related metabolic disease.

MDS presents the latest research and findings from the field of Movement Disorders. Abstracts of articles from the Society Journal, Movement Disorders, are taken from the April 2013 (Vol. 28, Issue 4) issue.

Background: Obesity is associated with abnormal fasting and postprandial lipids, which may link obesity with atherosclerosis. We explored fasting and postprandial lipids in morbidly obese patients treated with sleeve gastrectomy and in control subjects. Methods: After fasting for 12 h 15 morbidly obese patients (BMI 51.4 +/- 6.5 kg/m(2), 43.7 +/- 12.6 years) received a standardized oral fat load before and 3 months after bariatric surgery (sleeve gastrectomy). Controls (n=9, BMI 23.1 +/- 1.4 kg/m(2)) were studied once. Plasma was obtained fasting and then postprandially every 2 h for 8 h. Triglycerides (TG), chylomicron-TG (CM-TG), VLDL/chylomicron-remnant (VLDL/CR)-TG, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL/CR-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were isolated by ultracentrifugation at each time point. Postprandial values were expressed as area under the curve (AUC) and incremental area under the curve (iAUC). In addition, fasting glucose and insulin values and HOMA-IR-Index was measured (n=14). Results: Compared to controls morbidly obese patients had elevated TG and slightly altered postprandial lipids. Following surgery (weight loss 23.4 kg +/- 6.2 kg; 150 mg/dl) a similar pattern was observed. Fasting insulin and HOMA were reduced significantly (-51.9%; p=0.004 and -47.9%; p=0.011). Conclusions: Three months after sleeve gastrectomy fasting and postprandial lipoprotein metabolism and glucose metabolism is improved in morbidly obese patients. The potential mechanisms may relate to decreased caloric intake but also to hormonal changes.

Host: Farhad Zangeneh, MD Guest: Paul Jellinger In diabetes management, clinicians typically measure glycemic control with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and premeal glucose measurements, and HbA1c. And, the goals for each of these measurements have been established based on the results of many clinical trials. However, the majority of patients with diabetes fail to achieve these glycemic goals. Elevated postprandial glucose (PPG) concentrations may contribute to suboptimal glycemic control. Host Dr Farhad Zangeneh is joined by Dr. Paul Jellinger who will address the issue of postprandial glucose and its complications. Paul S. Jellinger, MD and Master of the American College of Endocrinology (MACE) serves as Professor of Medicine on the voluntary faculty at the University of Miami and served as Chief of the Section of Endocrinology at Memorial Regional Hospital in Hollywood, Florida. Dr. Jellinger served as president of the AACE, the ACE and the Florida Endocrine Society. Dr. Jellinger has been active on the AACE Board of Directors.

Two studies in the September issue of Gastroenterology look at the effects of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) on plasma lipid levels and metabolism. Dr. Kuemmerle speaks to two of the co-authors of both studies.

Guest: Stephen Colagiuri, MD Host: Shira Johnson, MD What should your goals be in diabetes control for your patients? Host Dr. Shira Johnson invites Dr. Stephen Colagiur, chair of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Clinical Guidelines, to discuss established guidelines and the implications for primary care providers.