Podcasts about biotech

Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:09 Hi there, how are you? Bob Miller 00:00:10 Excellent! Pedaling as fast as humanly possible, but doing okay. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:14 Good, good. Well, I’m looking forward to our conversation today. This should be amazing. Bob Miller 00:00:20 Yeah, it should be a lot of fun. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:22 Yeah, anything that’s off-limits for you in, our conversation? Bob Miller 00:00:28 No. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:29 Okay, anything you want me to make sure we cover for you? Bob Miller 00:00:33 Well, I mean, is it okay if we put a little plug-in for our software? Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:35 Absolutely. Bob Miller 00:00:36 Yeah. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:37 Absolutely. Bob Miller 00:00:36 Yeah. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:37 Absolutely. Bob Miller 00:00:38 Hey, can we… can we do a screen share? Yes, we can. Yeah, because I want to show you some maps, and… Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:43 Okay. Things like that, yeah, so… Perfect. So just let me know when you want to do screen share. Bob Miller 00:00:48 Okay. Dr. Deb Muth 00:00:49 And yeah, feel free to plug your software wherever you want to. Bob Miller 00:00:53 Okay, well, good. Let me pull up a, a slide for that, and give me one second, I just want to shut the door to my office to get the noise down. Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:01 No worries. Bob Miller 00:01:16 And, how should I refer to you? Dr. Debb? Dr. Muth, what do you like? Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:18 Dr. Deb is great, or Deb, either way, I’m pretty informal, so… Bob Miller 00:01:22 Yeah, and… Bob is fine for me. Okay. Yeah. Yeah, there you go. Why people feel like they need this, son. Special name, it’s like, seriously. Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:33 Right? I agree. Bob Miller 00:01:35 When I work with my clients, it’s like, Dr. Millison, just, just bop, just, just bop. Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:41 Yep, that’s how I am, too. Just call me Deb, it’s good. Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:44 They feel a little awkward with that, you know? They’re not used to that, but… Bob Miller 00:01:48 Alright. And you’re a naturopath, medical doctor. Dr. Deb Muth 00:01:52 A nastropathic doctor and a nurse practitioner. Oh, nice. Yeah, so I got the best of both worlds, right? Bob Miller 00:01:58 Yeah, damn. Okay. Alright, so here we go… There we go. Alright, so I got that ready, and then I will do a, I will do a screen share. I think you’re gonna really, appreciate what we’ve come up with. We’ve come up with the concept of, Cellular CPR. Dr. Deb Muth 00:02:23 Oh, nice! Bob Miller 00:02:24 And that is, construct the cell membrane, Protect the cell membrane. And restore it if it’s damaged. Dr. Deb Muth 00:02:32 Love that. Bob Miller 00:02:34 I love that. Yeah, so that’s what we’re focusing on, and then how, You know, we want to get to the point that, you know, most people think of genetics, they think of, like, 23andMe or Ancestry. Dr. Deb Muth 00:02:44 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:02:45 And then you have the professional geneticists who are looking at, you know, odd things that could create a disease. We’re looking at functional genomics. Dr. Deb Muth 00:02:54 Which is so much better. Bob Miller 00:02:56 Yeah. Are you familiar with what we do here, or… Dr. Deb Muth 00:02:58 A little bit, a little bit. So, it’ll be new to me, too, so I’m excited. Bob Miller 00:03:03 And how much time do we have? Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:04 We have an hour, give or take a little bit on either side. Do you have a hard stop anywhere? Bob Miller 00:03:10 No, no, I put a, I moved my clients around, and I don’t have anybody till, 3.30, so we’re good. Okay. Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:16 Perfect. Alright. Bob Miller 00:03:18 It’s like we’re getting started early as well, so… Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:19 Yeah, we’re getting started a little bit early, so that’s good. Bob Miller 00:03:22 Yeah, I just got my office cleaned up, so… Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:23 Okay, good. All right, are you all set to get started? Bob Miller 00:03:28 I’m good to go, my friend. Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:29 I’m gonna just record a little intro and a little bit of a, hook for people, and then we’ll get started. I’ll ask you to kind of tell us a little bit about yourself, and then we’ll just take this conversation wherever it’s supposed to go. Bob Miller 00:03:39 Okay, you got it. Dr. Deb Muth 00:03:40 Alright, sounds good. So what if the reason you’re not healing isn’t your diet, your supplements, or your labs, but it’s actually your genes? Dr. Bob Miller is uncovering how genetic variants, when combined with modern toxins, explain why some of us stay sick no matter what we try. Today, we’re talking genetic pathways, detox blocks, and the new science every wellness warrior needs to know. Welcome back to Let’s Talk Wellness Now, the show where we uncover the root causes of chronic illness, exploring cutting-edge regenerative medicine, and empower you to heal from the inside out. I’m Dr. Deb, your medical detective, and today, our guest, Dr. Bob Miller, is a true pioneer in functional genomics. He’s a board-certified traditional naturopath and the founder of Neutrogenetic Research Institute. And he’s the leading groundbreaking research on how genetic variants influence chronic illness, inflammation, and detoxification. His work has been recognized on international stages, uncovering links between genetic expression and conditions like Lyme disease, mast cell activation, or MCAS, and mitochondrial dysfunction. I’m so excited to talk to Dr. Bob today. He is gonna reveal some things that even I don’t know about, so I’m excited to learn alongside of you guys. So… Dr. Bob, let’s get started. Tell us a little bit about yourself, and kind of how you got on this journey. Bob Miller 00:05:04 Well, that’s, that’s interesting. I was sort of like a mid-career coming to the natural health field, because in my early 30s, I found myself with a severe case of ulcerative colitis. Bob Miller 00:05:15 And I was in the hospital for 21 days. probably within hours of death, pleading to death. And they told me I’ve got one option, and that is cut out the colon and wear a bag. Didn’t sound like a lot of fun. Dr. Deb Muth 00:05:27 Not an option I would want. Bob Miller 00:05:29 So, you know, the medical folks wasn’t real happy with me, but I said, yeah, I’d like to explore some alternative things.Never thinking that I’d get into this field, and then I just, you know, worked with some herbalists and things that I found absolutely fascinating. So, that’s how I got into this around 30 years ago. And, haven’t looked back since, and just having a… having a blast as we now move into how our genetics impacts things. So, that’s what we’re gonna… that’s what we’re gonna talk about today. Dr. Deb Muth 00:05:58 I’m excited to talk about this genetic thing. When you started over 30 years ago, what kind of patience and problems first inspired you to dig deeper into that root cause healing and kind of get into the genetic piece of it? Bob Miller 00:06:10 Sure. Well, you know, as a… now, I’m in a part of the country called Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, where there’s a lot of Amish and Mennonite, and they gravitate towards these things.So, this is their first thing to do, and that doesn’t work, then they’ll go other routes. So, you know, back then, we just saw typical, you know, a little tired, constipation. You know, a little bit of fatigue, arthritis, those kind of things. But things have changed dramatically over the years, as people are now getting more chronically sick. You know, it’s worse than it’s ever been. And what we’re finding is the, the culprits Primarily is mold exposure and Lyme disease. When people get those two together, they’re just… it’s an inflammatory cascade that nobody can seem to unravel. So that’s where we spend a lot of our time. And we’re also spending a lot of time looking at mental health, like ADD, ADHD. And, we give… this year I’ll be speaking at three autism conferences. And we can dig into that a little bit as to why we think we’re seeing such a dramatic increase. And aside from autism, that used to be 1 out of 1,000, now it’s 1 out of 33, or 23. You know, we’re also seeing dramatic increases in ADD, ADHD. People are stressed out. And today, I think we’ll have the time to actually go through and show how environmental factors combine with genetics to cause that to happen. So we’ll… we should have a fun visit here today. And today, I think we’ll have the time to actually go through and show how environmental factors combine with genetics to cause that to happen. So we’ll… we should have a fun visit here today. Dr. Deb Muth 00:07:37 This should be a fun visit. We can cover lots of topics. I am so excited. So, you founded Nutri Genetic Research Institute in 2015. What did you hope to accomplish, and what kind of surprised you in your findings so far about that? Bob Miller 00:07:51 Well, you know, let’s back up at what, you know, genetics is used for. Everybody’s familiar with 23andMe and Ancestry that, you know, tells you where your ancestors came from. Then you have your professional geneticists. I mean, these are people with a degree in genetics. And they’ll look for, you know, very odd sort of things that are prone to relate to a disease. So there are disease-related genetics. Well, in functional, we don’t look at either of those. We look at For example, how you’re breaking down your fats and utilizing them. How you’re recycling your glutathione. How you might be handling your iron. And none of those are disease-causing on their own.And none of those are disease-causing on their own. But when they pile up on you, and then combine that with environmental factors, that’s when things start to go south on us. So, that’s what we’re doing, we’re looking at patterns. And our first foray into this was, we did studies on Lyme disease. And our first foray into this was, we did studies on Lyme disease. So, we looked at, like, I think 50 people with Lyme disease. We looked at their genome. So, we looked at, like, I think 50 people with Lyme disease. We looked at their genome. And we found patterns that were more evident in those with Lyme. Now, this doesn’t… these genetics don’t mean you get Lyme, it just means if you get Lyme, you react worse to it. And we found patterns that were more evident in those with Lyme. Now, this doesn’t… these genetics don’t mean you get Lyme, it just means if you get Lyme, you react worse to it. So, as you know, some people get Lyme, they go on a round of antibiotics, and they’re done. So, as you know, some people get Lyme, they go on a round of antibiotics, and they’re done. Others have a little more struggle, and then others are struggling terribly for years. So there’s an old adage of genetics loads the gun, environment pulls the trigger. Dr. Deb Muth 00:09:14 Yeah, that is so true, and I think when we’re talking about Lyme and mold and things like that, we forget sometimes that our genetics can predispose us to be more sensitive to those things, and if we have genetic pathways where we don’t clear things properly, it’s harder for us to get them out of the body. And then you add on that whole rain barrel effect that we’ve always used as a functional medicine term, right? If the barrel’s half full, you’re okay. If it’s full, and now it’s spilling over, it’s a bigger problem. Have you guys found, too, that some of these environmental things actually are changing the genetics of people, or how they’re processing their own genetics? Bob Miller 00:09:53 Well, let’s go back to, Genetics 101. But we’ll go back a little bit further. So, what an interesting mechanism, what a miracle the body is. Bob Miller 00:10:03 Fats, carbohydrates, proteins, drink water, breathe air, expose the sunlight, and somehow everything gets made. I mean, when you just step back and think about that, it’s like, It’s pretty darn amazing. Dr. Deb Muth 00:10:15 I always tell women, you know, the fact that we get pregnant and we have healthy pregnancies and births is a miracle, because if we had to try to control that, that wouldn’t work so well. Bob Miller 00:10:25 Right. Well, that’s another miracle. These microscopic sperm and egg, human being, 9 months later, it’s like. But even inside of us. We are making our hair, our skin, our nails, our blood vessels, our ATP, our energy, it’s all being created. Well, that gets created by enzymes. So, enzymes take one substance, combine it with something else, and make something new. Then another enzyme comes along and does the same thing. Your DNA is the instructions on how to make the enzymes. So, when we are conceived. If it’s a, if it’s a female, of course, it’s the XX, the two chromosomes. You know, we’ve… everybody’s seen those… the genetics that… Listed pair. So, if it’s a female, the father donated the X enzyme. And the mother has no choice but to give the eggs, so that’s female. If the father donates the Y, you have a male that’s in chromosome number 1. Then 2 through 23 is the rest of the instructions on how to make enzymes. So, what can happen? We can get what are called SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms. And SNPs just mean that the instructions to make the enzyme’s not quite as good. So, if one parent gives a SNP on the making of an enzyme, The enzyme’s fine. It works. But, general rule of thumb, It may only work at 70-80% of efficiency. Now, a good analogy is think of an 8-cylinder and a 6-cylinder car. If parents give you good information, that’s like having an 8-cylinder car. If one parent gives you that snip, it’s like having a 6-cylinder car. Now, is a 6-cylinder car a fine car? Sure. It’ll get you from point A to point B, but it’s just going to have the power of an 8-cylinder. Then if both parents give you a SNP on the same enzyme, it may be 30-40%, and that’s like having a 4-cylinder car. Sits in the driveway, looks the same, puts gas in it, everything. But if you’ve got a 4-cylinder car. Probably not a good idea to go cross-country pulling a trailer behind you up and down mountains. Dr. Deb Muth 00:12:29 This is true. Bob Miller 00:12:32 So… We can get an 8-cylinder, 6-cylinder, or 4-cylinder enzyme. Now, if it’s not under a lot of stress, if that 4-cylinder car is just taking you to the bank and the grocery store. It’s just as good as an 8-cylinder car. But if you gotta pull that trailer, and there’s a lot of stress on it, being mountains, it’s gonna struggle. Now, there’s one other little caveat to this, and that is some genetic mutations are gain-of-function. They actually work faster. Now, we have enzymes that do all kinds of things. We have enzymes that make and recycle our antioxidants, but we also have enzymes that make inflammation. No, that’s a good thing, because if we get a virus or bacteria, if you didn’t make inflammation to kill it, well, we’d all die of infection. So, you know, we tend to think of free radicals as bad, antioxidants as good. They both play an important role. But interestingly, some of the major enzymes that make inflammation, they can be overactive. They can be turbocharged. And when they’re stimulated by environmental toxins, they overreact. Bob Miller 00:13:40 And therein lies the problem. When they overreact, we have a problem. Bob Miller 00:13:46 So, if we have genes that overreact when stimulated. And then the enzymes that take care of inflammation are underactive. Then you’re gonna be more inflamed. You know, the majority of people that, you know, come for functional medicine Or naturopathic help, or… Inflammation that they can’t seem to get under control. Dr. Deb Muth 00:14:06 Right. Bob Miller 00:14:07 And we will be, you know, during this hour, we’re going to look at some of the pathways that make that happen. So, what we can do then, we can’t change our genetics. When you’re conceived, that’s the hand you’re dealt. When your life would be over, if someone would take some tissue and measure, it’d be exactly the same as conception. Does it change. Bob Miller 00:14:28 The enzyme’s ability to do its job may be compromised. Because remember I said there’s a, the enzyme takes a cofactor. So an enzyme takes substance A, cofactor, make substance B. Well, if that cofactor’s not there, the enzyme’s not going to work either. So, you could have an 8-cylinder car, and if there’s no gas in it, it’s not going anywhere. So… It’s the strength of the enzyme, it’s the cofactor to do the A to B conversion. And that’s what we’re going to get into. So, many people say, well, where did these SNPs come from? Nobody knows for sure. Sometimes they’re what’s just called de novo, when the sperm and egg go together, the instructions get mixed up a little bit. We do believe a lot of it came from a long time ago, when we were almost wiped out by sexually transmitted diseases. And those STDs were altering the genes when the conception, in other words, when the sperm went into the egg, the STDs were interfering. And causing the problem, so… I often joke, if you want to blame somebody. Blame your great-great-great-great-great-great-great-grandparents for, being a bit promiscuous, so… Dr. Deb Muth 00:15:31 Yeah, for being… having a little too much fun, right? Bob Miller 00:15:35 So, we don’t know for sure, but, you know, there are some that, But most of the SNPs that we get inherit from our parents. So, if you look at a child. And you look at the SNPs. 99.9% of the time, it came from one of the parents. Dr. Deb Muth 00:15:50 In identical twins, do they have the exact same identical makeup? Bob Miller 00:15:54 Yep, Dr. Deb Muth 00:15:56 But not in fraternal twins, correct? Bob Miller 00:15:59 No, no, those could be different, Jeff. Dr. Deb Muth 00:16:00 It could be different because they have different sacs, they’re not sharing that same genetic makeup. Bob Miller 00:16:04 Yeah, so keep in mind, both your mother and your father have, you know, the two And so you get one from one parent, one from another. Dr. Deb Muth 00:16:13 So… Bob Miller 00:16:14 Interesting situation. I had, 3, 3 boys. And, we were looking at an enzyme related to breaking down oxalates. Now, the mother and father each had one SNP, and that’s called heterozygous. Three boys, and they all come together, they’re Amish boys, they’re a lot of fun. And I looked at their genomes, and the one boy didn’t have any SNPs at all. And one had won. And the other one had two. Dr. Deb Muth 00:16:41 Interesting. Bob Miller 00:16:42 So, we don’t quite know how these things get handed off, but with the parents each having one, you could have a child with none, one, or two. So, the one, his ability to break down oxalates, which is fine. The other one was slightly impaired, and the other one was dramatically impaired. So, you can have 3 children, and it all depends what the parents have. Now, if a parent has a homozygous, or 2 copies. And the other parent has nothing. Every child will have one. Okay. If both parents are homozygous, that they both have two, Every child will have two. Dr. Deb Muth 00:17:19 too. Bob Miller 00:17:20 Yes, so that’s the way it works, but, you know, but it’s somewhat rare that both parents are homozygous on an enzyme, but it can happen. Dr. Deb Muth 00:17:27 Do we think that infections today, like Lyme disease or mold exposure, things like that, if the parent, the woman, primarily, I’m thinking, is pregnant, and she actively has these infections. Can those infections affect the genetics, kind of like a past sexual transmission did where we thought back in the day? Bob Miller 00:17:47 Yeah, I… I mean, I’m not that much of a geneticist to answer that for sure, but my thought would be no, that at conception, the pattern’s made. Dr. Deb Muth 00:17:55 Okay. And then that’s… that’s the hand you’re dealt. Bob Miller 00:17:58 Yeah. So, I tell people we have good news and bad news. The good news is we can compensate for the weakness. The bad news is we can compensate for the weakness. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:09 That is so very true. Bob Miller 00:18:11 Yeah, we can’t, because I often get asked, so we’ll do some things now, and we’ll check my genes again, and they’ll be better. It’s like, nope. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:18 Oh, – – Bob Miller 00:18:19 You gotta play the hands you’re dealt, so… Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:21 That’s right. Bob Miller 00:18:22 You can test your genetics… if you’re looking at the same enzyme, you can test it every year. It’s not gonna change. It’s like the blueprint. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:30 It’s good and bad, right? It’s the one test you only have to do once in your lifetime. Bob Miller 00:18:34 No, unless, you know, like, our. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:36 All the time. Bob Miller 00:18:37 Yeah, now our test looks at, called the Functional Genomic Analysis Test of your genomic Resource. We look at 220,000 steps. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:46 Wow, that’s a lot. Bob Miller 00:18:47 That’s not all of them. Dr. Deb Muth 00:18:49 Right. Bob Miller 00:18:50 So, maybe in the next year, we’re gonna come out with our third version of the chip. And then, if someone wants to get those new things that weren’t on it, they’d have to repeat. But whatever we measured is gonna stay the same. Dr. Deb Muth 00:19:03 That’s a lot of SNPs to look at. Bob Miller 00:19:05 Keeps us busy. Dr. Deb Muth 00:19:06 But there’s still, but there’s still SNPs that we. Bob Miller 00:19:09 That we’d like to have that we don’t have, so… Bob Miller 00:19:11 We started out with version 1 on our genetic test, then we worked with version 2, and we’re already compiling a list of what version 3 would look like. So if somebody has our version 2, And we’re saying, you know what, it’d be nice if we could see these, well, then you’d repeat, but it won’t change what you already know, so… Dr. Deb Muth 00:19:29 Got it, got it. So, when you started out, and you started looking at the research of Lyme disease and chronic infections, which detox pathways are most important for people who struggle with those conditions? Bob Miller 00:19:43 Okay. You know what might make sense as we do a screen share, and I’ll actually show you the pathway. Does that make sense? Bob Miller 00:19:48 Alright, so… let’s see if I… let me just press the share… Dr. Deb Muth 00:19:52 Yep, you should just be able to press share. Bob Miller 00:19:54 And… number 2. Okay. Are we seeing the screen there? Bob Miller 00:20:01 Okay. Dr. Deb Muth 00:20:02 So, this is a map that we made. Bob Miller 00:20:05 And by the way, this is not… All-inclusive of all the things we look at, but we believe this is a core issue. So, where we’re going to start here, there’s something called the microglia. And the microglia are glial cells. They’re in the brain and the central nervous system. And they’re very interesting little creatures, because most of the time, and this is just a drawing of what they sort of look like. Most of the time, they’re in what’s called the M2 anti-inflammatory mood. What that means, these little guys pick up dirt, debris, Recycle them. Turns on an enzyme called interleukin-10 that’s anti-inflammatory. And just kind of does general housekeeping. And just kind of does general housekeeping. However, when a trigger comes along. However, when a trigger comes along. They… it’s the same glial cell, but it moves over to a very pro-inflammatory enzyme. A pro-inflammatory glial cell. And it triggers these 3 enzymes, Actually, these four. That are pro-inflammatory. Tumor necrosis vector alpha, Interleukin-6. NF Kappa B, Inos. Now, these create inflammation. So you might think, well, why is that good? Well, if you have some foreign invader, virus, bacteria coming in, parasite. If you didn’t have these guys coming to the rescue, you would just die of infection. So, these guys are your friend unless they’re your worst enemy. Because TNFA, and we’ll show you when we actually do a demo account, TNFA can be overactive. So, in other words, it over-responds. Interleukin-6 can be overactive. And if Kappa-B can be overactive. The INOS, and I’ll explain each of these as we go through a demo, can be overactive. Now, what that means is, you’re very good at killing virus and bacteria. But this is where autoimmune disease comes in, and just inflammatory conditions. Now, this is just speculation, but we think what happened is, as you know. Thousands of years ago, we didn’t have refrigeration, we didn’t have sewer, we didn’t have pure water, and we didn’t have antibiotics. So, if you made it to 40, you were an old-timer, because everybody was dying of infection. So, what we believe happened is, by what’s called natural selection, Having these overactive. A thousand years ago was to your advantage. Dr. Deb Muth 00:22:31 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:22:32 But now… We have pure water, we have refrigeration, we have sewers, we have antibiotics. But now we have environmental factors that are stimulating them. Now it’s to our disadvantage. And we’ll talk about that a little bit as it relates to the hemochromatosis genes and maybe the G6PD. Dr. Deb Muth 00:22:48 Yep. Bob Miller 00:22:49 Now, why are we becoming so inflamed? Let’s look at the triggers. Now, one of my, favorite expressions is. I was born all the way back in 1954. Dr. Deb Muth 00:23:01 And it was a different world back then. Bob Miller 00:23:05 These are some of the triggers. And we’ll get into these, but right now, high fructose corn syrup, And the high-fat diet. High fructose corn syrup only came about in 1968. So now we’re being exposed to high fructose corn syrup. Then… we didn’t have these, these viruses like COVID. Dr. Deb Muth 00:23:26 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:23:27 Now, there’s now pretty strong evidence that COVID Was actually, you know, made as a gain of function. It’s debated, and I’m not taking an opinion on it, but there’s some people who believe Lyme disease was also a part of experimentation. Dr. Deb Muth 00:23:40 Go. Bob Miller 00:23:41 Then we have molds, and it appears as though mold is getting stronger. you know, 20 years ago, when I was seeing folks, mold wasn’t on the radar. I would say 7 out of the 10 folks we speak to today have mold problems. Yeah, 20 years ago, we talked more about mold allergy being an issue versus mold toxicity being an issue. Right. So… I know some folks are, you know, speculating what’s happening, but one of the theories out there is that EMF is strengthening mold. I don’t know if you ever heard that theory, and I don’t… Dr. Deb Muth 00:24:13 I have. Bob Miller 00:24:14 I’m not claiming it’s true, but it’s an interesting theory. Then even, you know, your black mold from water-damaged buildings. Then our air pollution is getting worse. We’re getting more toxic metals. Dr. Deb Muth 00:24:26 You know, if we have a… Bob Miller 00:24:27 You know, we’re gonna look back someday and say, what were we thinking, smearing aluminum into our armpits? The, what were we doing putting mercury in our teeth? Then, you know, glyphosate. When I was a kid, there was no glyphosate. So, all of these herbicides and pesticides. Polychlorinated biphenols, And then EMF. So, we love our cell phones, you know, and I think unless you, or in the middle of the desert, or down in a cave, you’re being exposed to EMF somewhere. So, you know, we have our cell phones with us, we have, We have Wi-Fi, the towers are everywhere. And we don’t know long-term, but we may find that this can… this creates some inflammation. And I don’t know if you get any folks, but do you have any folks that have… are they EMF sensitive? Dr. Deb Muth 00:25:16 Oh yeah, we have a whole bunch of them. Bob Miller 00:25:18 Yeah, and then if you have any TBIs, So, plenty of things here. that will stimulate into the microglia, M1. Now, you could say, well. We’re all pretty much exposed to the same thing. Why do some people get hit harder than others? So here’s where we’re gonna start. There’s an enzyme called Nrf2 and RF2. And Nrf2 is the enzyme that senses when there’s inflammation. And turns on hundreds of anti-inflammatory enzymes. We’ll show when we do the demo, you can have genetic weakness on NERF2. And NERF2 inhibits and slows down microglia M1. supports M2. Now, if it’s not complicated enough, there’s an enzyme called KEEP1. And KEEP1 inhibits NRF2. And you can actually have gain of function on keep 1, that makes Keap 1 stronger. So… A lot of the people who land on my doorstep So… A lot of the people who land on my doorstep Both parents gave a mutation on KEEP1, making it overactive. Both parents gave a mutation on KEEP1, making it overactive. Dr. Deb Muth 00:26:31 Hmm. Dr. Deb Muth 00:26:31 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:26:32 Suppressing Nrf2, nerve 2 might be weak. So, nobody’s putting the brakes on, M1. And by the same token, Nerve 2 supports M2. Then there’s a process called mTOR and autophagy. mTOR stands for mammalian tard of rapamycin, the growth of new cells. And then autophagy, taking our dead cells and recycling them. We need a balance between the two of them. If we didn’t have mTOR, the sperm and the egg would never become the baby, the baby would never become the adult, we wouldn’t make new cells. But our cells are constantly, you know, the old cells dying off. Autophagy is where we take that debris from the cell and recycle it, just like a farmer Plows the crop under at the end of the year. The dead plant then becomes the fuel for the spring, your dead cell becomes the fuel for the spring, and that’s autophagy. So we’re gonna look back someday and say, what were we thinking? We give our animals growth hormones so they get fatter faster. Oh my. So, we consume those animals, and inventory runs faster. Now, for anybody who’s, You know, maybe above 40, 45 years old. Think back when you were 12, and what did girls look like? They were primarily flat-chested little girls. Now they look like 16-year-olds. Because environmentally, we’re jacking up mTOR. So, mTOR stimulates microglia M1, suppresses microglia M2. Probably 80% of the folks we visit with. This is the part of the problem. NRF2 is weak. mTOR is strong. Environmental factors come along. And this guy gets carried away. He doesn’t do that burst and move back. Stays here. We’re calling that How environmental factors create a locked-in, pro-inflammatory. and neurotoxic phenotype. In other words, once it starts, it just keeps… Feeding upon itself. Alright, so what happens now when microglia is overactive. it triggers these 3 enzymes, TNFA, N of kappa B, And interleukin-6. Each one of these can have genetics that make them run stronger. Then it stimulates an enzyme called NLRP3, Which makes what are called inflammasomes. Now, guess what inflammasomes can be? Your best friend or your worst enemy? Because they will, if you’ve got, again, a virus or bacteria, or possibly even some bad cells in the body. They will zap them. Well, that’s good. Unless it’s overactive. Unless it’s overactive. And then what it does, through interleukin-1 beta, makes excess glutamate. And then what it does, through interleukin-1 beta, makes excess glutamate. Anxiety, gut inflammation, OCD, ADD, autism. And, you know, glutamate, we’ll talk about that a little bit, but glutamate makes you intelligent, highly motivated go-getter. but can also be excitatory. And then, look what it does. Let’s see, do I have the drawing tool here? Yes, I do. Okay. So, it comes down through here, Makes the glutamate. Comes back up through here. through the ADORA 2A enzyme, Then we’ve got a feedback loop that feeds upon itself. Then, through interleukin-18, we make histamine. and mast cells. And then through histamine receptor site number 1, we come back and spin it. And now you’ve just got this spinning feedback loop. So, the glutamate will make you anxious, the histamine will give you allergies and make you anxious. And you’re allergic to everything, and you’re feeling horrible. Now, it doesn’t end there, Dr. Dad. It then goes on to make something called gast dermins that creates pyroptosis, where it actually starts punching a hole in the cell membrane. And you’re only going to be as healthy as your cells are. Just a little background. You know, we’re made up of trillions of cells, and each one of them has what’s called a lipid bilayer, made from lipids, which comes from fats. And you’re only going to be as healthy as those membranes are. So that’s why we coined an interesting phrase. Cellular CPR. Construct the cell. Protect the cell. And restore the cell membrane. And we believe that’s going to be revolutionary in the functional medicine world. So… It’s not hard to figure out that if you start punching holes in the cell membrane, that’s not a good thing, okay? Bob Miller 00:31:22 Now… There’s an interesting molecule called NAD. Thicotide adenoside dinucleotide. And anybody who’s in the, you know, listening to the health podcasts and things, they’re… They’re, they’re learning about NAD. And I’m going to show you a chart later, all the good things that NAD does, but For the most part, it helps what’s called sirtuins. And sirtuins are quite interesting. If anybody’s looking at longevity. The sirtuins is where they’re looking at.Because sirtuins turn on good things. Turn off bad things. And I’ll show some charts on that later. So for right here, this sirtuin uses NAD, to slow down NF-kappa-B. CERT 2 uses NAD to slow down an ORP3. So, if we’ve got genetic weakness on these, or we don’t have enough NAD, We don’t hold this pathway back. Make sense? Dr. Deb Muth 00:32:24 Yeah, makes perfect sense. Bob Miller 00:32:25 Now, I’ll show this a little bit later. So, people are like, oh, well, I’m gonna start taking some NAD. Dr. Deb Muth 00:32:31 Right. Bob Miller 00:32:32 And there’s functional doctors who give NAD intravenous. It was just this morning, I was talking to a woman who said, Oh my gosh. I went and got intravenous NAD, and it took me a month to recover from that. Dr. Deb Muth 00:32:45 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:32:46 what happens is, and I’ll show this in a little more detail, there’s an enzyme called CD38, that’s stimulated by NF-kappa-B. And it takes NAD, To make intracellular calcium. that stimulates NLRP3 and actually makes things worse. So, if we have this guy upregulated, and I’ll show a chart what does that. taking NAD will make you worse. Again, when I go into the software, I’ll show you that whole pathway, so… I would encourage people, you know, just don’t go out and start taking massive amounts of NAD, you know, stick your toe in the water, see how you do. Because everything you’ve heard about, how good it is, is true, unless this guy says, oh, thank you very much, let me make more inflammation. Now, this might be part of our innate immune system, that if we have some pathogen that’s gonna kill us. By golly, we want that to happen. But if this is happening by environmental factors, Then it’s detrimental. So the immune system that protected us a thousand years ago now might be turning on us because of the environmental factors that we showed earlier. All right. Then there’s an enzyme called PARP that’s NAD-dependent, and that actually repairs strain breaks in your DNA. Now, the next thing that happens… is there’s an enzyme called NADPH oxidase that gets stimulated. and something called INOS. Now, I’m sure most people know about nitric oxide. It’s a gas that dilates your blood vessels. That’s why sometimes they’ll even give people drugs, nitroglycerin, to boost their nitric oxide. That’s why people are doing beetroots and other things to boost their nitric oxide. But there’s an OS3 enzyme that makes the nitric oxide that’s good for blood flow. But there’s an INOS That makes nitric oxide to kill pathogens. probably might be the third or fourth time I’ve said this. That’s a good thing, unless it isn’t. So, if it’s killing some pathogen, great. It was just misfiring. it combines… With superoxide that’s made by this enzyme, and makes something called peroxynitrite, which is one nasty free radical that chews you up and spits you out. So, the NOx enzyme, NADPH oxidase, uses NADPH, To make this free radical called superoxide. If we have time, we’ll get into it. NADPH is what your body needs to recycle your antioxidants.So, I coined the phrase, the NADPH steel. Where the NOX enzyme takes this very important NADPH, And rather than being useful, makes superoxide. Now, again, is that fine if you’ve got some bacteria to kill? Of course. But if it’s just chronically running, it’s just making all this chronic inflammation. Then it makes something called hydrogen peroxide. And we need to clear hydrogen peroxide by 3 enzymes, catalase, thyroid reduction. And glutathione peroxidase. If we have genetic issues on here, or we don’t have the cofactors. There’s something called the Fenton reaction, discovered in 1895 by Dr. Fenton. Where hydrogen peroxide combines with iron to make what are called hydroxyl radicals. And guess what they do? They create lipid peroxides, That damages your cell membranes. Now, again, the body’s pretty darn amazing. We have glutathione, And here’s where your body’s taking glutathione and recycling it. But look who’s needed to recycle it. NADPH. So, if this guy up here is chewing it up, We don’t recycle our glutathione. And then an enzyme called glufon peroxidase 4, Takes this damaged lipid and repairs it. So, here we’ve got this protecting, we want to protect it by not having this happen. But then we also need this guy to do the restoration. So, there’s a lot that can go wrong in here, Dr. Deb. Dr. Deb Muth 00:37:07 There’s a lot that could go wrong. And I can imagine some of my listeners are thinking that lipid peroxidase, is that the same thing as what they’re thinking of when we talk about lipids and cholesterol? Is that the same process that’s happening there? Bob Miller 00:37:22 Well, no, no, the lipids can be used to make cholesterol, but here we’re talking about where they’re going to build the cell membrane. And they’re being… and they’re being, destroyed. If anybody would like to see a visual representation of this, just go on YouTube. And type in, ferrooptosis Animation. cool little video, it’s about 3 minutes long, and it shows the lipids coming over, being oxidized, and now GPX4 fixes them, so… YouTube, Pharaoptosis Animation, cute little video. It’s just that really… Shows vividly what we’re… what we’re talking about here. Now, this is… Dr. Deb Muth 00:37:59 And so this is very common, too. Like, a lot of people do hydrogen peroxide IVs. Dr. Deb Muth 00:38:04 And so, if somebody doesn’t know their genetics, they could have a problem with doing those, just like they could doing the NADHIVs, correct? Bob Miller 00:38:13 Sure, yeah, yeah, yeah. So, I’ve talked to so many, you know, of course, the hydrogen peroxide kills pathogens. I mean, that’s what it does. So… but I’ve spoken to so many people that said. I had one client that said they’ve never been the same after having one hydrogen peroxide infusion. Dr. Deb Muth 00:38:30 Interesting. Bob Miller 00:38:31 Yeah. So… it can be… I see why people use it, because it. Bob Miller 00:38:36 pathogens, But on the other hand. And now’s a good time to speak about… I don’t have it on here, but there’s a, there’s an enzyme called the HFE gene. And that is what causes you to absorb iron. And there’s mutations in it that cause something called hemochromatosis. Were you overabsorb iron? Now, true hemochromatosis is when both parents give you a mutation. But there’s now growing evidence even a heterozygous can cause a little bit more iron absorption, not to the human chromatosis point, but overabsorption. So, if you overabsorb iron, And you have too much hydrogen peroxide that’s not cleared, All kinds of inflammation. Now, what’s happened is sometimes this inflammation Will damage the red blood cells. And some well-meaning doctor says, oh, you need some iron. And they take iron and it makes it worse. So, can’t tell you how many people I’ve said, you’ve got the overabsorption of iron, and they say, well, that can’t be right, because I’m low in iron. Well, that could be because it’s being chewed up here. Dr. Deb Muth 00:39:40 Sure. GPX1 and TXN turn it into, to water. The, catalase turns it into water and oxygen. Dr. Deb Muth 00:39:58 Now, I see a lot of my clients who have mutations or SNPs on that GPX gene, on that glutathione gene. And they really struggle to clear a lot of their toxins. Bob Miller 00:40:12 Sure. Dr. Deb Muth 00:40:14 Yeah, absolutely. Well, GPX4. Bob Miller 00:40:18 is what, repairs, but you can see GPX1 Is what uses glutathione. To turn hydrogen peroxide. So, but it all depends upon having enough glutathione. Dr. Deb Muth 00:40:30 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:40:31 Well, guess who controls making a glutathione? Dr. Deb Muth 00:40:34 Nerf 2. Bob Miller 00:40:37 So, if you have a keep one weakness, or strength to two… I’m sorry, keep one is too strong. Nrf2 is too weak. You don’t make glutathione. So, when a lot of people do that, it’s like, well, I’m gonna take glutathione. Dr. Deb Muth 00:40:51 Right. Bob Miller 00:40:52 And some do great, and some do poorly. You know, because… and I’ll show this on one of the other charts. You can see here that the, The glutathione has to be recycled. And if we don’t recycle it, it actually turns into superoxide free radical. So… NADPH are the cofactors, For taking the oxidi… here’s oxidized glutathione, here’s reduced. So, this is a good glutathione. After it does its job, you can see it becomes oxidized.We need to recycle it. Well, if we have weakness on the enzyme that does that, or a weakness in Nrf2, or not enough NADPH. The oxidized glutathione never gets recycled. So, I’ve talked to a lot of people who said, oh, glutathione made me so sick, and say, well. Dr. Deb Muth 00:41:43 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:41:44 You need it, but you need to recycle it. Dr. Deb Muth 00:41:46 Can you speak for just a brief moment, too, about MTHFR? That is a very popular gene, it’s all over social media as the major gene, but can you speak to a little bit about that, and how that fits into this whole process of things? Because it is just such a small piece. Dr. Deb Muth 00:42:04 understanding genetics. Bob Miller 00:42:06 Yeah, to be honest, it drives me nuts. Dr. Deb Muth 00:42:08 Me too. Bob Miller 00:42:11 Alright, so… You know, there are people on social media I won’t say what I think, I’ll be kind. But… But the, And, you know, they might mean well. But they talk about, if you have MTHFR and COMT and PEMT, that’s… oh my goodness, that’s horrible, and we’ll fix that for you, and you’ll be fine. Bob Miller 00:42:36 it just irritates me to no end. And it really could get anybody who’s doing this legitimately in trouble. I mean, I’m afraid someday, you know, there might be some cracking down on this kind of nonsense. Now, to answer your question about MTHFR. Dr. Deb Muth 00:42:51 I mean, it really is, but I’ll tell you what, why don’t we hold that thought until I go to another map and I can actually… Okay. Bob Miller 00:42:56 But the real… the cliff notes is the MTHFR puts a methyl group on your folate, which is needed, but it has gotten way, way, way too much attention. And people learn they have MTHFR, and they start taking a multivitamin with methylfolate, then they take a B vitamin with methylfolate. Dr. Deb Muth 00:43:13 And they’re pushing it too hard. Bob Miller 00:43:15 Yeah. So I can’t tell you how many people I’ve helped by saying, stop it. Dr. Deb Muth 00:43:20 Yeah, take less of it. Bob Miller 00:43:21 Take less of it, yeah. So, yeah. Yeah, there’s a… If somebody, say, ranked the enzymes at their level of importance, MTHFR might be 40 or 50 on a scale of 100, you know. Keep one Nerf two. big deals. Dr. Deb Muth 00:43:40 deals. Bob Miller 00:43:41 NQO1 that I didn’t even talk about yet, NQO1, takes your, NA… your NAD goes into NADH, To make electrons for the electron transport chain. you need NQ01 to bring that back. If that’s not working, and I’ll show you on the NAD map how disastrous that can be. Now, the next piece is here, and I think You know, if you talk to any school teachers and say, if you’ve taught for more than 10 years, how are the kids today? Every one of them says, more ADD, ADHD, more autism. Just look at human beings, we’ve never been so agitated. You know, everybody, and it might be a social media thing, but people take a position on something, and if anybody doesn’t share that position, they view them as the enemy. Dr. Deb Muth 00:44:29 And it’s kind of scary what’s happening to us. Bob Miller 00:44:33 So, we can’t agree to disagree anymore. We see anybody who has a differing opinion as the enemy. And, you know, there was… there’s people that didn’t have Christmas dinners together, because they had political differences, like… Dr. Deb Muth 00:44:44 Excuse me. Bob Miller 00:44:45 can’t you put your political differences aside to have Christmas together, you know? Dr. Deb Muth 00:44:49 Right? Bob Miller 00:44:50 become that, you know, no matter what your position is, and I’m not saying anyone’s right or wrong, I’m just saying. You know, in the old days, they used to say that the Republicans and Democrats in Congress would argue policy and then go have dinner together. And now everybody’s all up in arms, angry. Dr. Deb Muth 00:45:05 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:45:06 So… There’s likely multiple reasons for that. But let me show you one of them. That, you know, to what degree this is… very important, we don’t know, but I think We’re beginning to believe this is very important. So, there’s something… there’s a neurotransmitter called GABA. And God buys the don’t worry, relax, be happy. Chill. Okay. Dr. Deb Muth 00:45:31 Nobody has enough of that anymore. Bob Miller 00:45:33 Well, yeah, you’ll be surprised what I’m gonna show you. So, let me see if I can find a, Let me see if I can find the right slide here. Let me look for it here. So, there’s something called a GABA receptor site. And here you can see… This is a neuron, and this is where you, The neuron normally is excitatory. However, there’s normally low chloride in the neuron. Dr. Deb Muth 00:46:09 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:46:10 So, GABA itself is neither relaxing. For excitatory, all GABA does, it opens up what’s called a chloride channel. And then chloride, which has a negative charge, will flow into the neuron. Follow me there? Dr. Deb Muth 00:46:26 Yep. Bob Miller 00:46:27 And as it does, it changes this from a positive charge to a negative charge, And it’s relaxing. and inhibitory. Dr. Deb Muth 00:46:34 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:46:36 Now, on the other hand, there’s enzymes called NKCC1, That will push chloride in. and KCC2 that will bring chlor… oops and bring chloride out. And then there’s a sodium channel. And, sodium has a positive charge. And glutamate will push that in. So, as long as this is happening. And GABA says, receptor sites, open, chloride goes in, Chill. However, If NKCC1 Pushes extra chloride in. KCC2 doesn’t pull it out. and GABA hits the receptor site, the GABA comes flowing out, Sodium comes in, And now it’s excitatory. So Gabba didn’t change. GABA just opened the receptor site, that’s all it does. Dr. Deb Muth 00:47:33 Yeah. Bob Miller 00:47:34 But it’s the chloride balance that’s going to determine whether this is relaxing or not. Now, these are the things that go along with when they lose that KCC2 or gain NKCC1. Pain and sensitivity, burning electrical, neuropathic pain. Normal touch hurts. Sound and light sensitivity. Tinnitus can flare. Headaches and migraines. Seizure tendency. Body jolts. Spasticity, cramps, stiffness, startle reflex. Trouble falling asleep, non-restorative sleep. Anxiety, stress, reactivity, that’s what we have now. Hyperarousal, panic-like surges, irritability, racing thoughts. Brain fog, slowed processing, working memory slip-ups. Mental fatigue. Episodes of racing hearts, sweaty palms, guts on edge. Those are all the things that happen when this GABA switch occurs. Now, here’s what happens, and this is what I’m going to be presenting at an autism conference. When you have a newborn, they need that NKCC dominant to develop. By early childhood, it should… or, sorry, early adulthood. we should move over to the KCC dominant, that’s the taking the chloride out. Nice-looking 25-year-old boys, functioning very well. However, when we get microglia M1 upregulated. Because of environmental toxins, processed foods, Tylenol, aluminum. they stay in NKCC1 dominant, and there’s ADD, ADHD, Autism, the whole spectrum. because… They’ve not moved over to the… They’ve not moved over to the KCC2. And again, this is caused by… Environmental factors. Stimulating the microglia. And then, interleukin-1, interleukin-18 weakens KCC2, interleukin-1 beta, Strengthens NKCC1. high chloride. We open up the chloride channel, In Rebell Excitatory. So, I think when, When the pediatricians get ahold of this, they’re going to be very excited to know that This could be why we’re seeing such a rise, and not just autism, but ADD, ADHD, anxiety, the whole shit mess. Dr. Deb Muth 00:49:58 thing. Bob Miller 00:49:59 Yeah, so… and you can see NF-kappa-B stimulates that. These stimulate it, and I think that’s why everyone’s getting so anxious. Now, there’s a little bit more to it, and we’ll get into this when we look at some of the maps, but… The, the glutamate, Which is excitatory. will stimulate the NMDA receptor, make more glutamate, And glutamate will inhibit KCC2. And then we also need an astrocyte To, take both ammonia And glutamate, and… Turn them back into glutamine. And I’m going to talk to you a little bit about arachidenic acid, and if we have too much arachidenic acid. or TNFA is upregulated, that doesn’t happen. Ammonia goes up, and there may be multiple reasons for this, but this is a reason why some of the autistic kids do flapping. Dr. Deb Muth 00:50:49 Hmm. Bob Miller 00:50:50 Because they’re not clearing their ammonia. And you can tell if somebody has high ammonia by… they get that old person smell, you know. Dr. Deb Muth 00:51:00 Yup. Bob Miller 00:51:01 your vehicle cycle’s not taking out the, the ammonia. Now, last pathway here. There’s growing interest in mast cell activation. So, back here, we talked about peroxynitride. And that will stimulate mast cells, and those are white blood cells that are your best friend, unless they’re your worst enemy. Then it’ll make histamine. And there’s enzymes called histidine decarboxylase that’ll make more. Dr. Deb Muth 00:51:28 I’m sure everybody’s heard of DAO, the enzyme that degrades histamine. Yep. Bob Miller 00:51:31 We can have genetic weakness, we don’t make that. There’s an enzyme called histamine and methyltransferase, That, That breaks down the histamine. Then if we don’t do that, it’ll get stuck in the histamine receptor site. And then it’ll make something called, renin. Which will cause angiotensinogen to turn into angiotensin. One, that turns into angiotensin II,And that’s where people make aldosterone, where they’ll get the, The swollen ankles and high blood pressure. But interestingly, there’s an enzyme called ACE2, that takes this guy and turns it into angiotensin 1-7, Which is anti-inflammatory and also inhibits… TNFA. Now, you can have weakness on ACE2, But… and anybody’s saying, that sounds familiar? Dr. Deb Muth 00:52:25 That’s where COVID comes in, using ACE2. Bob Miller 00:52:28 And now we just found there’s literature that if you get COVID long enough, it can actually make ACE2 not be able to work as well. So look what it does. It comes down here, stimulates the NADPH oxidase, More superoxide. More peroxynitrite. And we’re on a cycle here. We’ve actually named this the Home Cycle Hypothesis, the proposed feed-forward loop. That just keeps feeding on itself. All being caused by… Primarily, The environmental factors. But hitting those who have genetic weakness the hardest. That’s why. Dr. Deb Muth 00:53:08 To the people. Bob Miller 00:53:09 Don’t live in a moldy house. One person is sick as can be, and the other person says, well, you must be imagining things, because I don’t feel anything. Dr. Deb Muth Yeah. Same thing with long haul, right? Two people can both get sick, one gets sick and never seems to recover, and somebody else gets sick, and they have absolutely no problems with it at all. Bob Miller 00:53:30 Sure. Well, think about it, if you get COVID, and ACE2 is weak, and some of this other stuff is going on. This thing just starts feeding upon itself. Dr. Deb Muth 00:53:38 Keep creating more inflammation, more complications, nothing’s calming down. Bob Miller 00:53:43 Yeah. Now, you, you ask about, MTHFR. So, this is the, this is the, the software called Functional Genomic Analysis. There’s a demo report we have. So, let’s talk a little bit about, MTHFR. So, we actually have a map called a methylation map. Now, what happens is, when you do your saliva test, you, you know, you spit, you put some saliva. in a collection kit, goes to a lab, takes out the DNA data, sends it to the computer, and now you can actually see it visually. Okay. So, it’s gonna take a second for this, data to load up, it’s, and each of these Circles, each of these ovals, is an enzyme. And the data gets loaded up to see where it is. So, until it gets loaded up here, I didn’t preload this. There it goes. So… The primary thing about methylation is There’s a nasty substance called homocysteine that, if it’s too high, can really be detrimental. The body takes methylfolate, and combines with methyl B12, To bring this back up to methionine. And then through the MAT genes, we make SAMI, S-adml methionine. Which is involved in so many processes. Then after it does its thing, it turns back into homocysteine. And this thing needs to keep spinning around. That’s why, you know, it’s a good idea to keep homocysteine at, do you have a number that you’d like? 7, 8? What do you like for a number? Dr. Deb Muth 00:55:24 Yeah, I like mine below 7. Bob Miller 00:55:26 Yeah. So if the homocysteine goes too high. It, caused all kinds of problems. So, here’s where you ask about the MTHFR. So, here you can see on this individual. I click on MTHFR, and you can see it comes up here, here’s the C677. And you can see here where it says, variants. I’ll… I’ll draw in case somebody’s having a hard time seeing that. So, you can see there’s nothing in there. That means there’s no genetic mutations. If one parent would have given a mutation, there’d be a 1. If both parents did, there’d be a 2. Now, here’s why Yes, methylation is important, I’m not saying it isn’t important, but look at this MTHFRC677. In my software. Only 42.5% of the population does not have a mutation. 44.7% have won. 12.9 have 2. So, this isn’t some rare, oh my god, I’m gonna die… Kind of thing, yeah. Dr. Deb Muth 00:56:27 Right. Bob Miller 00:56:28 So, And then what happens is that, and again, I’m not dismissing methylation, I… we could do a whole show on methylation. Bob Miller 00:56:36 get it. But I think that what people are doing is they’re, they’re learning about MTHFR, they get it measured, they panic. They start taking massive amounts of methylfolate, which many times is to their detriment. Dr. Deb Muth 00:56:50 Well, it’s… and isn’t it true, too, with MTHFR, like, you have to also look at MTR, MTRR, and the more we stack up of those, the more complicated than MTHFR can be. It’s not… it’s not as simple as just saying MTHFR 677 versus 1298. It’s more complex than that, kind of like what you’ve already shown with some of the other things. There’s more to it than just that one little sliver. Bob Miller 00:57:17 Oh, sure, well, let’s take a look. So, remember I said there’s a cofactor? One of the cofactors is called FAD. Just a Bob Miller observation, that’s all. But when people have trouble with their riboflavin and they don’t have enough FAD, They’re doing much worse than people who have just a C677. So, right here, you could have perfect C677th. And if you don’t have the cofactor, it’s not gonna work, okay? Dr. Deb Muth 00:57:48 And as you said, there’s an MTR enzyme. Bob Miller 00:57:51 that takes methylfolate and methyl B12, to spin it around. So, here on this individual. here’s your… here’s your B vitamins, or I’m sorry, your B12s. There’s an enzyme called TCN1 that takes it from the stomach into the blood. Then there’s other enzymes that take it from the blood into the tissue. And if you’re having trouble here. Well, then you’re not going to have this working, so… Even if you don’t have MTHFR, And you have MTR, like this, no, I’m sorry, this person doesn’t. But they have the MTRR, and then they don’t have enough B12, this isn’t gonna work, aside from that. And then there’s a middle pathway. And then there’s enzymes called the MAT1. they take the methionine to the salmon. If that’s not working, we stick… we get stuck in methionine. So, it’s, it’s not just an MTHFR. And then, one of the things that people forget about. is through these CBS enzymes and CTH, We make cysteine, which is needed to make glutathione. The master antioxidant. So, it really is that… I call it the, The 3D chess game played underwater. Dr. Deb Muth 00:59:07 It really is. I mean, I see people who have CVS, COMT, glutathione, MGHFR genes. And some of them function just fine. Like, they have Like, I look at this person and I’m like, oh my gosh, I don’t know how they’re functioning because they’re double mutated on so many pathways, but yet they don’t have a lot of symptoms, they don’t have a lot of complications. Somehow their body has figured out a way to adapt to what it has so it can stay alive and it can function at a high functioning level. Bob Miller 00:59:36 Yeah, and they may be, you know, eating right? Yeah. Staying out of a moldy house. reducing stress. So, it’s diet, it’s stress, it’s genetics, environmental factors. So, yeah, we can’t just say somebody’s gonna be good or somebody’s gonna be bad. You know, some people get scared, oh, I got all these, it’s like, well… Bob Miller 00:59:56 Are you living in a moldy house? You know, and if you live in a moldy house and your glucuronidation pathway doesn’t do well, or if you’re, you know, a smoker, or you’re constantly eating junk food, I mean, all. Bob Miller 01:00:07 things come together. Although, you know, when we focus on genetics, we’re well aware that this is just a piece of it. You know, you could have identical twins, Genetically, and if one… Is exposed to mold and smokes and drinks and stressed out. They’re gonna be a whole lot sicker than their sibling. Bob Miller 01:00:28 Yep. Dr. Deb Muth 01:00:29 Yeah, it’s that concept of taking twins, and one gets raced with one family, and one gets raced with another family, and they don’t have the same… problems that… that each other have, you know? It’s a very unique situation, we don’t think about that enough. Bob Miller 01:00:44 Alright, so again, genetics loads the gun, environment pulls the trigger. So, if you’ve got a loaded gun, but you don’t have the triggers, you’re okay. Dr. Deb Muth 01:00:53 Yeah. Bob Miller 01:00:54 Yeah. So, remember I said I was going to talk about NAD? So, here’s NAD, and what it does, it turns into NADH. And what NADH does, it, Comes down this pathway, what’s called the electron transport chain. And that makes your ATP, that’s your energy. So, if this wasn’t working, we wouldn’t be alive, because we wouldn’t have energy. So it donates an electron, that’s why it’s called electron transport chain. So, we need NAD, To make this, to make the energy. But remember I said that NQ01, this would probably be, like, on my top 10 list of… Bob Miller 01:01:36 Much more important than MTHFR. This one takes NADH back to NAD. If we’re stuck over here, We’re low in this NAD+, But what happens is, NQO1 also provides CoQ10. And CoQ10 Is what’s needed for the electron transport chain to flow. So if we get too many electrons up here. And they don’t turn them into energy. They make a nasty free radical called superoxide. Okay. Now, NAD plus also makes NADPH, And that is needed. Remember I said we need to recycle our antioxidants. So, if we have a problem with FAD from riboflavin. Yeah, we don’t have enough NADPH, Glutathione’s not getting recycled, and you’re gonna be inflamed. And you take glutathione, you’ll feel worse. There’s another enzyme called thimoredoxin. Same thing, needs NADPH and FAD. And same way with your nitric oxide, there’s an enzyme called NOS3, That makes the nitric oxide that dilates your blood vessels. And if we don’t have enough NADPH or fat, You’re gonna make superoxide. Rather than nitric oxide. Now, remember

Synopsis: While biotech is increasingly measured by clinical milestones and financial outcomes, Rahul Chaturvedi welcomes two leaders who argue that true success begins and ends with patients. In this deeply personal and inspiring conversation, Mike Raab, President & Chief Executive Officer of Ardelyx, and Laura Williams, Chief Patient Officer, share how empathy, resilience, and patient advocacy have shaped both their careers and the culture of the company they've built. Mike reflects on an unconventional journey that spans pharmaceutical sales, rare disease leadership at Genzyme, venture capital at NEA, and ultimately leading Ardelyx through some of biotech's most difficult challenges—including a Complete Response Letter, massive layoffs, and a historic FDA reversal that resulted in approval without additional clinical trials. Laura shares her path from rural Mississippi to becoming a physician, recounting the transformative patient experience during the HIV epidemic that inspired her move from academia into industry and ultimately into a pioneering Chief Patient Officer role. Together, they explore what patient-centricity truly means beyond corporate slogans, how Ardelyx embedded patient advocacy into the C-suite, and why empathy must be a core competency for biotech leadership. The discussion also dives into clinical trial diversity, commercializing therapies for underserved populations, navigating regulatory adversity, responsible capital allocation, and the future of building enduring biotech companies. It is a powerful reminder that when patients become the North Star, resilience, innovation, and impact naturally follow. Biography: Mike Raab Mike has served as Ardelyx's President and Chief Executive Officer since March 2009. Before Ardelyx, Mike was a partner at New Enterprise Associates (NEA), one of the world's largest and most successful venture capital firms, where he specialized in healthcare investments focusing on the biotechnology and pharmaceutical sectors. Prior to joining NEA in 2002, Mike spent 15 years in commercial and operating leadership roles in the biotech and pharmaceutical industries. He was senior vice president, therapeutics and general manager of the renal division at Genzyme Corporation, a Sanofi company. In this position, Mike launched and oversaw the sales growth of sevelamer, the leading phosphate binder for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia, with over $1.0 billion in worldwide sales in 2013. Mike was also instrumental in the worldwide launch of Genzyme's therapies for Gaucher disease, Ceredase and Cerezyme. Laura Williams, MD, MPH Laura has served as Ardelyx's Chief Patient Officer since 2025, having joined the company in November 2020 as Senior Vice President, Global Therapeutic Strategies and Patient Advocacy. Laura was later promoted to Chief Medical Officer in 2021. Laura is a life science enterprise leader with extensive experience as a pharmaceutical drug developer, healthcare policy advisor, patient advocate, and portfolio strategist. She is an accomplished, results-oriented, physician scientist and board member who is committed to discovering, developing, and commercializing innovative therapies that address unmet medical need. With nearly 30 years of pharmaceutical experience, across all clinical development phases and multiple therapeutic areas, in both large pharma and smaller biotech, Laura has a proven track-record in drug development, as indicated by her leadership and major contributions toward eight drug approvals.

In this episode, Andrea Braun-Scherhag, SVP and Global Head of Regulatory Affairs & Safety at Autolus, breaks down what it really takes to bring breakthrough therapies to market, especially when there's no established playbook. From securing rapid global approvals to navigating entirely new pathways in cell and gene therapy, she shares why regulatory sits at the centre of Biotech success. Andrea challenges the common perception of regulatory as operational, revealing it instead as one of the most impactful, forward-looking functions in any biotech. She also highlights the importance of engaging regulators early, aligning teams behind a clear strategy, and putting patients at the heart of development, particularly in rare diseases.

Går det att tjäna pengar på biotech? Högts tveksamt, är en vanlig uppfattning. Nu träffar vi Gustaf Vahlne, tidigare cancerforskare och grundare av Zonda Partners, som lär oss allt om svensk biotech. Hur funkar det, var finns problemen, och vilka är möjligheterna? Och trots att han kallar sig obotlig pessimist om sektorns tillstånd, ser han ett rejält köpläge just nu. I veckans avsnitt medverkar:Johan IsakssonPetter HjerstedtLars JörnowGustaf Vahlne, grundare av Sonda Partners TIDSSTÄMPLAR 00:04 Gustaf Vahlnes bakgrund: från cancerforskning på Karolinska till Sonda Partners 00:06 Bioinvent-caset: hur Gustaf avslöjade att Roche tyst tagit bort en molekyl ur sin pipeline. 00:08 Hur proffs utvärderar biotech: fas, vetenskaplig grund, management, ägarstruktur. 00:12 Regulatorisk risk vs studierisk – vad specialistfonder aldrig accepterar. 00:14 Portföljtänk och "kill your darlings" – varför man inte får kära ner sig i ett enda bolag. 00:18 Röda flaggor längs vägen: subgrupp av subgrupp av subgrupp. 00:20 Timingstrategier: PDUFA-datum och "buy the run-up". 00:22 Ta in kapital när ni inte behöver det – klassisk regel som bolagen ändå ignorerar. 00:24 Big pharmas fulspel: hur storbolag medvetet väntar ut kontantknappa biotechs. 00:26 Licensavtalens struktur: royalties, milstones och upfrontbetalningar. 00:30 Trenderna i Big Pharma: GLP-1, vaccinprojekt och musical chairs-dynamiken. 00:32 Hur US-baserade pharmabolag styr VC-investeringar via LP-positioner. 00:34 Robert Ahldins artikel om svensk biotech – och varför Gustaf anser den är direkt felaktig. 00:38 Lärarundantaget och varför Sverige har för få life science-VCs 00:42 Varför svenska bolag tvingas till börsen för tidigt – och vad det kostar sektorn 00:44 AI i läkemedelsutveckling: molekyldesign, studiedesign och Claude som branschstandard 00:50 FDA-avslag: Xsprays fall och hur tillverkningsproblem smittar av sig 00:52 Camurus fick tre avslag – och fick ändå till slut godkänt 00:54 Vad Camurus gjorde rätt: Fredric Tiberg, Sandberg Development och den heliga treenigheten 00:58 Varför generalistfonder flyr biotech – headline risk framför investeringsanalys 01:00 Strukturell mismatch: illikvida biotech-positioner i dagligt handlade fonder 01:02 Köpläge nu? Medivir, Allsecure–Lilly, Hansa och Camurus som dagsexempel 01:04 Är det dags att starta en biotech-fond? Gustaf säger ja – men det krävs kapital 01:06 Fleri och Thomas Eldered: modellen att ta små bolag av börsen 01:10 Psykologin bakom biotech-investeringar: muskelminne och förlustversion 01:12 Ungas fördel: naivt perspektiv och frånvaro av bagage 01:16 Longevity-trenden och preventiva läkemedels affärsmodell OM PODDEN Marknaden är en podd om börs, ekonomi och finans. Vi som gör den är Hampus Brodén, Johan Isaksson, Petter Hjerstedt, Viktor Fritzén, Lars Jörnow och Jacob Bursell. Följ oss på X: https://x.com/marknadspodden Hör av er till oss på jacob@monopolmedia.se #marknadspodden #biotech #lifescience #investering #FDA #pharma #svenskbiotech #Camurus #Bioarctic #Sonda #GLP1 #kapitalmarknad

We love to hear from our listeners. Send us a message. On this week's episode of the Business of Biotech, Tyler Menichiello, chief editor at Bioprocess Online, host of the Better Biopharma podcast, and my Life Science Connect (LSC) colleague, convenes the broader LSC editorial team once again for a midyear discussion on what's happening now in the life sciences industry, and what's to come in the second half of the year. Topics include AI manufacturing regulations and navigating supply chain pressures, outsourcing trends and onshoring, biotech market signals and IPOs, clinical development's slow shift to digitization, the move toward organoids and non-animal models (NAMs) in discovery, RNA modality growing pains, and more.   Access this and hundreds of episodes of the Business of Biotech videocast under the Business of Biotech tab at lifescienceleader.com.  Subscribe to our monthly Business of Biotech newsletter. Get in touch with guest and topic suggestions: ben.comer@lifescienceleader.comFind Ben Comer on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/bencomer/

In the late 1980s, a child exposed to fallout from the Chernobyl disaster lay in a hospital bed while doctors told his family there were no clear answers and no reliable path forward. Decades later, that same child, Yan Leyfman, walks into exam rooms as a hematology oncology fellow, expected to deliver clarity inside a system that still runs on delay, uncertainty, and institutional self preservation.This episode traces the throughline from early life shaped by radiation exposure and hospice level uncertainty to a career inside academic medicine, translational research, and oncology media. Yan built his identity around survival and usefulness, moving from patient to physician while carrying the memory of what it feels like to sit on the other side of the table. He helped launch MedNews Week during the COVID crisis to push back on misinformation and expand access to medical knowledge, stepping into a public role while still in training.The conversation stays grounded in the friction between personal narrative and system reality. Clinical training demands efficiency, hierarchy, and emotional distance. Cancer care demands time, clarity, and human connection. Those forces collide in real patient encounters where prior authorization delays, insurance barriers, and fragmented care pathways shape outcomes as much as any treatment protocol.Yan speaks openly about mentorship, belonging, and the drive to make meaning out of survival. The discussion pushes further into what the healthcare system actually rewards, what it quietly strips away, and how quickly empathy can erode under institutional pressure. The episode also examines the role of medical media, where education, industry influence, and narrative control often blur together.This is a conversation about identity under construction, about what happens when someone who remembers powerlessness steps into a role that carries authority, and about whether that memory can survive long enough to change anything.RELATED LINKSYan Leyfman on LinkedInYan Leyfman on InstagramSurviving ChernobylFEEDBACKLike this episode? Rate and review Out of Patients on your favorite podcast platform. For guest suggestions or sponsorship email podcasts@matthewzachary.comSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Dagens ämnen: 0:00 Intro 2:48 Sivers 12:04 Rymd 17:22 Octave 23:24 Medtech 25:33 Alphabet 30:40 Electrolux 33:38 Biotech 35:35 Iran 39:02 Lätt att dras med i hajpen 40:25 Veckans Fill or Kill www.instagram.com/fillorkillpodden   Tack RoboMarkets! https://open.spotify.com/show/7nqoFzFNOZHoQDUnrwKf4L     @RoboMarketsSE Tack @avanzabank! http://avanza.se 

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We love to hear from our listeners. Send us a message. On this week's episode of the Business of Biotech, Jeff Jonas, M.D., CEO of Tortugas Neuroscience, talks about the company's April 2026 launch and how in-licensed development assets were chosen. Jeff explains his strategy of chasing fast proof of safety and efficacy in humans, not animals, and talks about what product differentiation looks like in brain disorders, from adjusting indication targets to conducting head-to-head trials. He also reflects on the opportunity with psychedelics, RFK Jr.'s quest to curb SSRI prescriptions, the payer landscape in CNS disorders, and more. Access this and hundreds of episodes of the Business of Biotech videocast under the Business of Biotech tab at lifescienceleader.com.  Subscribe to our monthly Business of Biotech newsletter. Get in touch with guest and topic suggestions: ben.comer@lifescienceleader.comFind Ben Comer on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/bencomer/

What if the future of multiple sclerosis treatment could go beyond suppressing inflammation - and actually help protect the brain? In this episode of Rx for Biotech, host Chris Leidli sits down with Jason Tardio, President & COO of Immunic Therapeutics, to discuss the evolving future of treatment for Multiple Sclerosis (MS), one of the most complex autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases affecting millions worldwide. Jason shares his deep experience leading major MS franchises at Biogen and Novartis, explains how MS attacks the brain and spinal cord, and breaks down why many current therapies focus primarily on inflammation but may not fully address the neurodegeneration driving long-term disability. The conversation also explores Immunic's lead investigational therapy, vidofludimus calcium, an oral once-daily treatment being studied in Phase 3 clinical trials for relapsing multiple sclerosis. The company believes the therapy may offer a unique dual approach by targeting both neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Topics discussed include: • What causes multiple sclerosis • Early symptoms and diagnosis of MS • How MRI imaging transformed MS care • Why MS remains difficult to treat • The difference between inflammation and neurodegeneration • Oral therapies vs infusions and injectables • Progressive multiple sclerosis and unmet patient needs • The future of neuroscience, immunotherapy, and personalized medicine For patients, caregivers, healthcare providers, and anyone interested in the future of neurology and autoimmune disease treatment, this episode offers an accessible and hopeful look at where MS care may be headed next.

Matthew Zachary is a brain cancer survivor, healthcare advocate, founder of Stupid Cancer and We the Patients, and host of Out of Patients. In April 2026, he returned to the stage at Merkin Hall near Lincoln Center for his first solo public piano concert in almost 22 years while launching his debut book, We the Patients: Understanding, Navigating, and Surviving America's Healthcare Nightmare.What unfolded became far larger than a concert.Over 2 hours, survivors, clinicians, advocates, nonprofit founders, journalists, pharmaceutical sponsors, and healthcare insiders gathered in one room to reflect on 30 years of survivorship, institutional failure, accidental advocacy, and the emotional afterlife of cancer. The evening moved through original piano performances, live chapter readings, and deeply personal conversations about infertility, disability, financial toxicity, insurance denials, grief, burnout, and what happens when patients spend decades navigating systems designed around transactions instead of continuity.Guests including Wendell Potter, Maimah Karmo, Craig Lustig, Shelly Fuld Nasso, Tamika Felder, and others reflected on how the modern cancer advocacy movement emerged largely because patients built parallel systems where healthcare infrastructure failed to meet human needs. The conversation explored how prior authorization, reimbursement incentives, administrative fragmentation, and institutional distrust continue shaping the patient experience across oncology and survivorship.The performance also marked a deeply personal milestone. After brain cancer compromised his left hand at age 21, Zachary spent 6 months rehabilitating both hands to return to public performance for the first time in over 2 decades. The result became part concert, part civic gathering, and part historical record of a generation of survivors who refused to disappear quietly.RELATED LINKSMZLIVE Official WebsiteMZLIVE YouTube VideoFEEDBACKLike this episode? Rate and review Out of Patients on your favorite podcast platform. For guest suggestions or sponsorship email podcasts@matthewzachary.comSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Senator Todd Young joins the Grow Everything podcast to discuss the critical intersection of biotechnology and national security, sharing how his military background, Indiana roots, and role as chairman of the National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology shaped his understanding of the bioeconomy as a strategic imperative. From DARPA's shelf-stable powdered blood to the America's Living Library Act — a first-of-its-kind effort to sequence the DNA of flora and fauna across US national parks — Senator Young lays out a compelling vision for distributed biomanufacturing, AI-powered biological discovery, and why the US must act now in what he calls a generational tech competition with China. Karl and Erum also recap highlights from Suppliers Day hosted by the New York Society of Cosmetic Chemists, including biotech-forward exhibitors like Probiotical, Origins by Ocean, Geltor, and the unveiling of BioAtlas — the first open source map of industrial biotech.Grow Everything brings the bioeconomy to life. Hosts Karl Schmieder and Erum Azeez Khan share stories and interview the leaders and influencers changing the world by growing everything. Biology is the oldest technology. And it can be engineered. What are we growing?Learn more at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.messaginglab.com/groweverything⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Chapters:(00:00:00) - Suppliers Day Recap: Biotech Innovations in Beauty & Personal Care(00:07:00) - BioAtlas: The First Open Source Map of Industrial Biotech(00:09:00) - Setting Up the Interview with Senator Todd Young(00:12:00) - How a Marine Turned Senator Became a Biotech Champion(00:16:00) - Why Biology Is Reshaping National Security in the 21st Century(00:20:00) - America's Living Library Act: Sequencing Our National Parks(00:24:00) - Unlocking New Industries from Spider Silk to Bioluminescent Peaches(00:27:00) - The Biggest Barriers Preventing Biotech from Reaching Scale(00:31:00) - A Vision for Distributed Biomanufacturing Across Rural America(00:37:00) - Quick-Fire Questions, Shout-Outs & Closing ThoughtsLinks and Resources:America's Living Library Act of 2026National Security Commission on Emerging BiotechThe Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)National Institute of Standards and TechnologyEngineering silk that is stronger than steelYellowstone Microbe that helped with PCR testsHawkwood's BioAtlas179. D.C. Climate Week LIVE: The Road to Remake Everything175. Seaweed Is the New Oil: Mari Granström Builds Origin by Ocean143. Sunscreen from Space? Delavie's Kyle Landry Turns Space Microbes into Skincare31. No Bones About It: Brewing Human and Vegan Collagens with Geltor's Alex Lorestani*** Tickets for the GE Live Ep. NY Tech Week with Roebling ***BioInnovations Events - For 25% off use code: Grow EverythingTopics Covered:National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology, America's living library, US Government, Congress, bioeconomy, biotechnologyHave a question or comment? Message us here:Text or Call (804) 505-5553⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ / ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Twitter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ / ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠LinkedIn⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ / ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Youtube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ / ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Grow Everything⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Music by: Nihilore Production by: Amplafy Media

What if a single unplugged power cord nearly derailed a top biotech leader's story—and ended up launching an episode packed with innovation, real connection, and a peek inside Philadelphia's hidden biotech gems? In this lively, uplifting conversation, Lou Diamond welcomes Robert Christmas, the connector behind the Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center and the Union League's Life Science Affinity Club. They dive into the unexpected journeys that lead scientists to solve some of humanity's biggest problems, the secrets behind Philly's “pharma belt,” and the power of community-driven innovation. Along the way, you'll find out why some of the most world-changing discoveries come from people with no personal stake—and how AI, chocolate, and mountain biking fit into the life of a master connector.Get the inside edge on biotech breakthroughs, community building, and some great behind-the-scenes laughs in this episode of Thrive Loud!00:02 - Show introduction and welcome00:25 - Hilarious technical misadventure: the unplugged cord 02:09 - Robert Christmas's entry into life sciences 03:33 - Overview of the Philadelphia region's biotech significance 04:19 - How the Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center started and grew 05:51 - Types of medical breakthroughs at the center 07:59 - Spotlight: scientists who brought drugs to market 08:34 - Robert Christmas on the Union League, Philly's historic Life Science Affinity Club 10:00 - Launching a new Life Science podcast 11:28 - The power and reach of Philly's innovation ecosystem 12:37 - How the work personally impacts Robert Christmas 14:32 - Where to find, support, and connect with these organizations 17:02 - Fun speed round: movies, food, activities, and more 19:52 - AI, workflow automation, and the next generation of collaboration 22:15 - Collaborating with Jeff Gibbert and future innovation 22:51 - Closing thoughts and gratitude from Lou Diamond

This interview is disseminated on behalf of Conexeu Sciences Inc.Conexeu Sciences (NASDAQ: CNXU) President and CEO Miles Harrison discusses how the company's regenerative medicine platform could address the growing demand for tissue restoration driven by GLP-1 weight loss medications, extracellular matrix technology, multi-market strategy, and the future of bioregeneration.Learn more: https://www.conexeu.com/Watch the full YouTube interview here: https://youtu.be/FJUXvMrH5hUAnd follow us to stay updated: https://www.youtube.com/GlobalOneMedia 

What does it really take to progress from bench science to leading a Biotech platform as Chief Scientific Officer? In this episode of Careers in Discovery, Daniel Tardiff, CSO at Camp4 Therapeutics, shares a candid look at building and scaling science inside an early‑stage biotech. From his foundations in RNA biology to advancing antisense programmes for haploinsufficiency-driven neurodevelopmental disorders, Dan unpacks how translational judgement is developed over time, not taught. Key takeaway: Career progression isn't about having perfect answers. It's about making credible decisions under uncertainty and bringing others with you as the science scales.

In December 1996, a 37 year old pharmaceutical executive sat in a Borders bookstore reading medical textbooks on the floor, trying to understand a disease she had never heard of. Multiple myeloma carried a three year prognosis. Her daughter was 18 months old. Her father had just died of cancer. Within weeks, she pushed her doctors to say the quiet part clearly. This would likely end her life before her child entered kindergarten.Kathy Giusti refused to accept passive survival. She built a plan while the system offered fragments. She interviewed oncologists and fertility specialists at the same time. She pursued IVF to have a second child while preparing for treatment. She stayed employed to keep insurance coverage. Every decision carried financial, medical, and emotional risk.That same urgency exposed a deeper failure. Cancer research moved slowly. Academic centers guarded data. Clinical trials lacked coordination. Patients entered a system that demanded compliance without providing clarity. Giusti responded by building the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation, not as a support group, but as an operating engine to accelerate drug development, fund research, and force collaboration across institutions.This episode tracks the tension between individual agency and systemic failure. Giusti describes how patients navigate diagnosis, insurance barriers, and fragmented care in real time. She explains how data, genomics, and clinical trials reshape cancer treatment while still leaving patients responsible for decisions they are not trained to make. She addresses disparities in access, the limits of early detection, and the reality that progress in oncology often depends on speed, funding, and alignment of incentives.The conversation moves between lived experience and structural critique. It names the cost of delay, the burden placed on patients to act as their own advocate, and the tradeoffs required to push a system forward that still protects itself first.⸻RELATED LINKSKathy GiustiMultiple Myeloma Research FoundationFatal to FearlessAmerican Society of Hematology⸻FEEDBACKLike this episode? Rate and review Out of Patients on your favorite podcast platform. For guest suggestions or sponsorship email podcasts@matthewzachary.comSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Tiny Expeditions is on the road! We're kicking off Season 7 in southeast Alabama to explore the WIREGRASS Peanut Project. Join us as we talk with local educators and students who are getting their hands dirty with real science, extracting DNA from peanut leaves and contributing directly to global genomic research to support local farmers.To go behind the scenes and learn more about this episode, visit “The Wiregrass Peanut Revolution.” If you prefer to watch your podcasts, head over to Youtube [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N2mSYzAnRRQ] Thanks for listening! We're now on YouTube- follow us here. To receive episode updates and bonus material, subscribe to our mailing list here. 

Guest Dr. Jeremy Levin, author "Biotech in the Balance", joins to disuss the distrust in the biotech industry. Breakdown of the difference between research in biotech, and politics of big pharma. What have we learned in the biotech industry about the human body? Discussion of vaccines, natural immunity, and is there really "junk" DNA in our body?  Memorial Weekend recap. As a society, are we living up to the standards of the idea of America that so many died to protect? Discussion of the spread of socialism in culture, Mamdani calling to remove private property ownership, and more. 

In this episode, we break down Abu Dhabi-backed MGX's entry into Isomorphic Labs' $2.1 billion funding round to revolutionize AI-driven drug discovery. We also track the Saudi El-Khereiji family's multi-million dollar stake in Italy's luxury hospitality group, Barletta, and analyze the strategic launch of the Syrian Youth and Entrepreneurs Council designed to economically empower a resilient new generation.

Dagens ämnen: 0:00 Intro 3:56 Sivers 10:38 Hitta nästa Sivers 15:26 Rymden 17:14 Hexagon - Octave 19:36 Honeywell 25:37 Biotech-hausse 34:11 Kinnevik 34:58 Bonesupport 36:26 Corem 37:09 Geopolitik och index 38:57 Angående hausse 39:36 Veckans Fill or Kill 42:12 Intervju med Dicot Pharma! https://www.dicotpharma.com/    www.instagram.com/fillorkillpodden  Tack RoboMarkets! https://open.spotify.com/show/7nqoFzFNOZHoQDUnrwKf4L  @RoboMarketsSE Tack Virtune! www.virtune.com 

We love to hear from our listeners. Send us a message. On this week's episode of the Business of Biotech, Neil McFarlane, CEO at Zevra Therapeutics, talks about transitioning to a focused rare disease company through acquisitions, and building out a commercial organization. Neil explains the importance of working with rare disease patient advocacy groups, using AI to analyze electronic health records and claims data to identify and diagnose patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C, and adapting to regulatory inconsistencies around rare disease drug approval frameworks in the U.S. and Europe.     Access this and hundreds of episodes of the Business of Biotech videocast under the Business of Biotech tab at lifescienceleader.com.  Subscribe to our monthly Business of Biotech newsletter. Get in touch with guest and topic suggestions: ben.comer@lifescienceleader.comFind Ben Comer on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/bencomer/

Only one in three eligible lung cancer patients receives the targeted therapy they should get.That is not a failure of science.It is a failure of delivery.After more than two decades of precision oncology, biopharma has never had better tools: cell and gene therapy, in vivo CAR-T, antibody-drug conjugates, AI-enabled diagnostics, organoids, multi-omics, and global clinical data.Yet too many breakthroughs still fail to reach the bedside.Patients fall through fragmented systems.Data does not move cleanly.Community oncologists are overloaded.Tests are missed, delayed, or misread.Promising assets die in quarterly portfolio reviews.And healthcare systems built for pills, tablets, and chronic disease management are now being asked to deliver personalized medicine at scale.In this SPARK20 highlight episode, Alasdair Milton, PhD, Principal at KPMG and leader of the firm's Precision & Advanced Therapies practice, explains why the future of biopharma will not be decided by science alone.It will be decided by translation.From lab bench to boardroom.From data to decisions.From treatment to prevention.Alasdair brings more than 20 years of experience across life sciences strategy, commercial due diligence, precision medicine, advanced therapies, cell and gene therapy, biopharma M&A, diagnostics, and global healthcare transformation.This conversation moves from the precision medicine delivery crisis to China's biotech acceleration, from AI and organoids to trapped pharma assets, from lifelong wellness to the one skill every future biotech leader needs:The ability to translate complex science into business strategy, capital allocation, and patient impact.What You'll Learn in 22 MinutesWhy only one third of eligible lung cancer patients receive targeted therapy(00:01:53)And why precision medicine still breaks in everyday clinical practice.Why science keeps compounding even when systems fail(00:04:33)Including in vivo CAR-T, functional cures, gene therapy, and antibody-drug conjugates.Why innovation does not move in a straight line(00:05:20)How technologies can look dead for years before suddenly changing the market.Why China's biotech speed matters(00:07:36)How AI, organoids, scale, and execution are changing the global innovation map.Why great science dies inside Big Pharma(00:09:20)And how deprioritized assets can become billion-dollar companies when externalized properly.Why the industry must move from sickness to lifelong wellness(00:10:03)Alasdair's vision for a more proactive, preventive, data-driven healthcare system.Why pharma needs better ways to rescue shelved assets(00:13:06)Including examples such as SpringWorks, Cerevel, and new models for unlocking trapped value.How a 400-person Scottish island shaped Alasdair's worldview(00:15:07)The personal story behind his resilience, discipline, and leadership style.Why careers and companies are never linear(00:17:19)What Alasdair learned after moving to Boston and losing his role within weeks.Why the future belongs to translators(00:20:06)The most valuable skill in biotech: explaining complex science to business leaders, investors, and boards.How to connect with Alasdair Milton and the KPMG Precision & Advanced Therapies team(00:21:47)Quotes to Carry With You

Good morning from Pharma Daily: the podcast that brings you the most important developments in the pharmaceutical and biotech world. Today, we're diving into a range of exciting advancements and strategic moves that are shaping the future of healthcare. Let's start with Pfizer's efforts in pneumococcal vaccination, a testament to the ongoing battle against Streptococcus pneumoniae. With their sights set on expanding protection and combating emerging health threats, Pfizer's initiatives reflect an industry-wide commitment to adapt to microbial challenges, potentially enhancing global public health outcomes. Their work underscores the crucial role vaccines play in preventing severe infections and maintaining public health. In other news, Parabilis Medicines is making strides by eyeing public markets to bolster its phase 3 tumor drug development. This move highlights the increasing reliance on public funding to advance late-stage clinical trials, which are essential for bringing new therapies to patients. Meanwhile, Lilly's acquisition of Engage for $202 million marks a significant expansion into non-viral DNA delivery systems. These systems could address traditional gene therapy challenges, promising more effective and safer genetic medicine options. Immunovant recently decided to discontinue its first-generation FcRn inhibitor after disappointing phase 3 results. This decision illustrates the unpredictable nature of drug development, where clinical evaluations often lead companies to reassess strategies based on trial outcomes. Such pivots are part and parcel of the rigorous scientific process that drives innovation forward. The integration of artificial intelligence in drug discovery is gaining momentum. Incyte's $80 million investment to expand its AI-driven partnership with Genesis is a clear indication of AI's growing importance in optimizing drug discovery. Similarly, Bristol Myers Squibb's collaboration with Anthropics Claude highlights a broader trend of leveraging AI across R&D processes to enhance efficiency and streamline operations. Additionally, Incyte's partnership with Edison Scientific to integrate Kosmos AI across R&D workflows exemplifies AI and machine learning's growing role in enhancing oncology drug discovery processes. Enter Oorja Bio, a newcomer focusing on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with a $30 million launch fund. Their novel approach to tackling this debilitating condition exemplifies the innovative spirit within smaller biotech firms aiming to address unmet medical needs. Oorja Bio's efforts are part of a larger movement in biotech where new entrants are making significant impacts by targeting specific diseases with fresh perspectives. On the regulatory front, Gilead has expanded its partnership with Korean manufacturer Yuhan through a $140 million deal for active pharmaceutical ingredients. This strategic move ensures robust supply chains amid evolving regulatory standards and market demands, underscoring the importance of global partnerships in maintaining drug availability and quality. Turning our attention to oncology, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) 2026 conference is poised to be a significant event for industry professionals. The focus this year includes precision oncology and evolving trial designs, particularly for pancreatic cancer. The complexity of oncology studies demands tailored solutions for efficacy and regulatory compliance, pushing toward more adaptive and patient-centric trial designs. City of Hope's participation at ASCO emphasizes collaborative efforts in cancer research, combining cutting-edge science with comprehensive patient care to translate breakthroughs into tangible improvements in outcomes. Labcorp's involvement further underscores precision oncology's role through biomarker-driven trials and companion diagnostic development. The conversation at ASCO 2026 will also explore the future design of pancreatic cancer trials. By incorporating external controls and real-world data, researchers aim to streamline processes and expedite access to new therapies, acknowledging pancreatic cancer's unique challenges. In other significant advancements, UCB's Bimzelx showed superior efficacy over Skyrizi in treating psoriatic arthritis during a Phase 3 trial. As an IL-17A/IL-17F inhibitor, Bimzelx represents a promising biologic therapy option, potentially setting new standards in autoimmune treatment. Roche's voluntary license agreement with Medicines Patent Pool for Xofluza accessibility highlights efforts towards global health equity, ensuring essential medications reach low- and middle-income countries. Finally, financial movements such as Mentari Therapeutics' reverse merger raise substantial capital for neurological therapies, exemplifying ongoing investment confidence within the sector. These stories collectively illustrate an era marked by scientific innovation, strategic partnerships, and technological integration aimed at improving patient care and accelerating drug development pathways. As we continue to explore these advancements on Pharma Daily, stay tuned for more insights into how these developments shape our industry's future. That's all for today's episode of Pharma Daily. Thank you for tuning in as we navigate through these transformative times in pharmaceuticals and biotechnology.Support the show

How AI is Shaping Biotech? Expert Insights from James Bilotta #aiinbiotech #digitaltransformation #biotechleadershipIn this episode of Biotech Bytes, James Bilotta, SVP and CIO at Dyne Therapeutics, discusses the evolving role of technology leaders in biotech and how AI is reshaping the industry. James shares his journey from hospital informatics to leading digital transformation in high-growth biotech companies.Please visit our website to get more information: https://swangroup.net/In this video, we explore the growing importance of AI in making business decisions, improving processes, and ensuring compliance in biotech. James also explains how AI is helping organizations scale, innovate, and bring therapies to market more efficiently, while keeping patients at the center of everything.This conversation covers:The shifting role of the CIO in biotechHow biotech companies are identifying AI use casesPractical advice for young professionals in ITThe importance of AI governance and leadership alignmentDon't miss insights on how AI is not only transforming operations but also enabling companies to be more competitive while managing risk. Links from this episode:Get to know more about Steven Swan: https://www.linkedin.com/in/swangroup Get to know more about James Bilotta: https://www.linkedin.com/in/james-bilotta-7a06607Learn more about Dyne Therapeutics: https://www.dyne-tx.com/

This episode is for the woman in pharma or biotech who has strong performance reviews, a supportive boss, colleagues who rave about her, and still can't get the move she wants. We're getting into the difference between activity and strategic visibility — why being known is not the same as being positioned, and how to fill the gap.In this episode, you'll learn:Why you can be exceptionally well-positioned with your immediate team and completely invisible to the people who actually control what's next for youThe difference between being valued and being someone the organization has a stake in keepingThe nuance in visibility and positioning that can result in roles being created for you even when there isn't an allocated budgetMonday May 28th - Strategy Hour for Women in Pharma - Limited to 25 women. Register at https://yourworthycareer.com/strategy-hour Get the Book: Your Worthy Career: A Science-Backed Method to Build a Meaningful Career in Pharma and Biotech here.Work with Me: Learn more and apply to work with me here.Love the podcast?  Share your feedback by leaving us a review. Thank you!Connect on SocialsLinkedInInstagram

Guest: Barry Quart, CEO and DirectorCompany: Connect Biopharma, NASDAQ:CNTBWebsite: https://www.connectbiopharma.com/Connect Biopharma Bio:Connect Biopharma is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company dedicated to transforming care for asthma and COPD. Headquartered in San Diego, California, the Company is advancing rademikibart, a next-generation, potentially best-in-class antibody designed to target IL-4Rα. The Company is currently conducting global clinical studies of rademikibart for the treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma and COPD, areas with significant unmet need. Connect has granted an exclusive license to Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., for rademikibart in Greater China. Under the exclusive license and collaboration agreement, Connect is eligible to receive remaining milestone payments up to an aggregate amount of approximately $110 million upon the achievement of certain development, regulatory and commercial milestones. Connect is also eligible to receive royalties at tiered percentage rates up to low double-digit percentages on net sales in Greater China.Barry Quart Bio:Dr. Barry Quart brings over 30 years of extensive experience serving in leadership positions in biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies and developing innovative pharmaceutical products. He has personally led several early-stage biotech companies through late-stage clinical development, regulatory strategy, highlighted by nine U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs.Dr. Quart was most recently CEO at Heron Therapeutics. He first served as CEO and Director starting 2012, transitioned to President and CEO in 2019 and was named Chair of the Board in October 2020. At Heron, Dr. Quart oversaw the development and approval of four drugs: two drugs for CINV (CINVANTI® and SUSTOL®) and two acute care drugs (ZYNRELEF® and APONVIE®). Prior to Heron, Dr. Quart co-founded Ardea Biosciences, Inc. in 2006 and served as its President and Chief Executive Officer and Director from its inception through its acquisition by AstraZeneca PLC in 2012. At Ardea, Dr. Quart invented and oversaw the development of a drug for gout (ZURAMPIC®), as well as the design and development of a series of MEK inhibitors for cancer that were licensed to Bayer AG. Dr. Quart currently serves on the Board of Directors of Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals. He is an inventor on 18 U.S. patents and an author on 75 publications and abstracts. Dr. Quart received his Pharm.D. from the University of California, San Francisco.

What does it really take to land a successful biotech partnership—and what makes a deal fall apart? In this episode, host Elaine Hamm, PhD, sits down with Renee Williams, PhD, MBA, Founder and Managing Partner of Williams Biotech Consulting and Independent Board Director for AGS Therapeutics. With experience across major pharma companies like Eli Lilly and Janssen, Renee shares hard-earned insights from the front lines of dealmaking. From communication missteps to finding the right partner, she explains how to navigate biotech partnerships with clarity, confidence, and strategy. In this episode, you'll learn: Why overcommunication is key to every stage of the deal process. How to identify (and avoid) red flags in strategic partnerships. What scientists need to know to transition into biotech business roles. Whether you're negotiating a licensing deal or dreaming of your first exit, this episode is packed with advice you won't want to miss. Links: Connect with Renee Williams, PhD, MBA, and check out Williams Biotech Consulting and AGS Therapeutics. Connect with Elaine Hamm, PhD, and learn about Tulane Medicine Business Development and the School of Medicine. Learn more about Eli Lilly and Janssen Pharmaceutical. Connect with Ian McLachlan, BIO from the BAYOU producer. Learn more about BIO from the BAYOU - the podcast. Bio from the Bayou is a podcast that explores biotech innovation, business development, and healthcare outcomes in New Orleans & The Gulf South, connecting biotech companies, investors, and key opinion leaders to advance medicine, technology, and startup opportunities in the region.

Alissa Coram and Ken Shreve walk through Wednesday's market action and discuss key stocks to watch in Stock Market Today. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Good morning from Pharma Daily: the podcast that brings you the most important developments in the pharmaceutical and biotech world. Let's dive into the latest happenings shaping the landscape of this dynamic industry. The pharmaceutical and biotech sectors are navigating a complex landscape replete with scientific advancements and regulatory challenges. A significant legal development comes from Takeda, which faces an $885 million verdict in a landmark pay-for-delay antitrust case. This ruling highlights the intense scrutiny of pharmaceutical companies over antitrust regulations, with potential implications for drug pricing strategies and industry practices. The possibility of tripling damages under these laws could set a precedent affecting future business operations, as Takeda plans to appeal, underscoring the high stakes involved in such litigation. Meanwhile, on the regulatory front, the White House's decision to include 600 generic medications in the TrumpRx purchasing portal marks a strategic effort to improve drug affordability. While its overall impact remains uncertain, this initiative aims to bridge gaps in medication accessibility for cost-sensitive populations. Similarly, Roche's licensing agreement with the Medicines Patent Pool to allow generic versions of Xofluza in 129 developing countries is a noteworthy step towards enhancing global access to essential medicines. These efforts underscore ongoing attempts to address affordability and accessibility concerns on a global scale. In clinical developments, UCB's Bimzelx has shown promising results against AbbVie's Skyrizi in treating psoriatic arthritis, demonstrating a statistically significant reduction in disease activity compared to Skyrizi in a Phase 3b trial. With nearly half of the patients showing improved outcomes at week 16, Bimzelx is poised to become a competitive therapeutic option, potentially redefining treatment protocols for psoriatic arthritis. Novartis's termination of its contract with Chinese CDMO Porton Pharma Solutions due to regulatory issues underscores the challenges inherent in cross-border pharmaceutical partnerships. The $64 million legal claims looming over this decision highlight the financial and operational risks associated with international collaborations. Meanwhile, biopharmaceutical buyers are increasingly turning to artificial intelligence and local expertise to navigate rising licensing costs in China. Sanofi and Wave Life Sciences are making progress in addressing α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), a genetic disorder that has witnessed limited therapeutic innovation for decades. Their efforts were highlighted at the American Thoracic Society meeting, showcasing ongoing attempts to bridge treatment gaps for rare diseases through next-generation approaches. Strategic investments continue to shape the industry, as evidenced by Lauxera Capital Partners' successful EUR520 million fundraising aimed at advancing healthcare technologies. Additionally, Merck's agreement to supply Keytruda for Exelixis' colorectal cancer trial exemplifies collaborative efforts crucial for advancing cancer research. These developments reflect an industry balancing innovation with regulatory compliance and market dynamics. Scientific progress is also evident in Relay Therapeutics' advancement with its PI3K inhibitor, which has shown promising Phase 2 data in treating blood vessel disorders. This underscores the potential of PI3K inhibitors to address unmet medical needs by targeting pathways significant in cancer and other diseases. The integration of artificial intelligence into drug discovery processes is another critical trend. Incyte's collaboration with Edison Scientific aims to enhance decision-making and streamline drug discovery, showcasing AI's potential to revolutionize R&D efficiency. However, persistent challenges remain as AI scales up but doesn't yet resolve clinical trial protocol issues fully. On the business front, Bristol Myers Squibb considers investing $1 billion in a Houston manufacturing plant, emphasizing strategic infrastructure investments crucial for meeting growing pharmaceutical demands. In drug approvals, AstraZeneca's Baxfendy has received FDA approval for treating uncontrolled hypertension by targeting aldosterone synthesis—offering a novel approach as a combination therapy. Moreover, Merck & Co.'s sacituzumab tirumotecan has achieved Phase 3 success in endometrial cancer trials, demonstrating superior survival outcomes compared to chemotherapy. This highlights the growing impact of targeted therapies in oncology and the ongoing shift towards precision medicine. Despite these positive developments, challenges persist. BioMarin Pharmaceutical's BMN 401 faced setbacks after missing key Phase 3 endpoints for skeletal healing in ENPP1 deficiency patients—highlighting complexities in rare disease drug development. In conclusion, these diverse developments reflect an industry steadfastly committed to advancing healthcare through scientific innovation while navigating regulatory hurdles and operational challenges. As these sectors evolve further, maintaining a balance between rapid innovation and rigorous oversight remains essential to ensuring impactful treatments reach patients worldwide promptly. Thank you for tuning in to Pharma Daily—stay informed and stay ahead of industry trends with us tomorrow!Support the show

Cohere is making a bold move into biotech with the acquisition of Montreal's Reliant AI, aiming to bring agent-powered tools to drugmakers. Plus, Canada's army is planning a major reorganization that could add new divisions, drones, and long-range firepower. In The Big Picture, we break down the latest inflation numbers, Nissan's reported plans to ship Chinese-made EVs into Canada, and Google's shift toward a chatbot-style search experience.The Peak Daily is produced in partnership with reframevid.com

On a freezing night in Vermont, Gregory Davis was kidnapped from his home by a man posing as a U.S. Marshal. Twenty-four hours later, his body was found in a snowbank. What seemed like a random kidnapping was actually a meticulously planned execution ordered from across the country. Joining the podcast today is a former Assistant U.S. Attorney Paul J. Van de Graaff, the man who spent years working on this case. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

At 19, Shlomit woke up unable to speak. The right side of her body went numb. An emergency room sent her home and called it stress. That moment did not end in a diagnosis that changed policy or triggered reform. It sent her into a decade long pursuit of understanding how the brain fails language and how the healthcare system fails patients who cannot advocate for themselves.Shlomit trained as a speech language pathologist and spent years inside acute care hospitals and ICUs, performing endoscopies and treating patients with brain injury, stroke, and dysphagia. She watched medical teams rotate in and out, deliver dense updates, and leave families nodding without comprehension. She stayed behind and translated. Every day, patients told her she was the only one who explained what was happening. That gap is not an accident. Hospital systems optimize for throughput, not understanding. Patients move through beds based on cost, not readiness. Discharge planning becomes a financial decision wrapped in clinical language. A stay under 48 hours can shift the insurance burden dramatically, leaving patients exposed to higher out of pocket costs. Shlomit left the system and built Patient Path NYC, a private patient advocacy service. She now spends 15 to 20 hours a week per client reading charts, coordinating care teams, and translating medical decisions into plain language. Her work sits in the uncomfortable space between healthcare policy and lived experience. Families pay out of pocket to understand their own care. Hospitals benefit from the clarity she provides while maintaining the same structural incentives that created the confusion.This conversation tracks the human cost of fragmented care, the economics behind discharge decisions, and the quiet reality that patients who cannot communicate clearly often lose control of their own outcomes.RELATED LINKSShlomit LibertyShlomit Liberty on LinkedInPatient Path NYCBoard Certified Patient AdvocateFEEDBACKLike this episode? Rate and review Out of Patients on your favorite podcast platform. For guest suggestions or sponsorship email podcasts@matthewzachary.comSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Jeremy Levin, executive chair of Ovid Therapeutics, discusses his new book "Biotech in the Balance: Saving a Strategic Industry in an Age of Distrust."

Day Break | THE CLIMATE HOAX IS UNRAVELING IN REAL TIME --- 00:00 - Monologue 19:17 – Les Rubin, founder and president of Main Street Economics. Rubin discusses the current political and economic landscape, arguing that while the political left may be winning short-term battles, it is losing broader public support over time. He explains how economic realities and cultural shifts are influencing voter sentiment. 38:27 - Monologue Featuring Ivey Gruber 47:27 – Dr. Jeremy M. Levin, biotechnology executive, former CEO of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, and Chairman of the Biotechnology Innovation Organization. Levin discusses his new book Biotech in the Balance and warns about growing challenges facing the biotechnology industry. He explains why public distrust, regulation, and global competition—particularly with China—are creating major concerns for the future of biotech innovation. 57:40 – Matt Schuck, EVP at Tholos Government Relations and former communications director for Sean Duffy, Jason Smith, and Dr. Ben Carson. Schuck discusses the Trump administration's trucking enforcement efforts and broader transportation policy. He explains the debate over whether increased crackdowns are improving road safety and accountability within the industry. 1:06:37 – AJ Louderback, Texas State Representative for Border District 30 and former sheriff. Louderback discusses violent crime connected to illegal immigration and ongoing border security concerns. He explains how these issues are impacting communities along the southern border. 1:16:49 - Monologue 1:25:48 – Mike Stack, Chair of the Michigan Moves Coalition. Stack discusses a new statewide initiative focused on combating physical inactivity and its economic and health consequences. He explains why encouraging movement and exercise could reduce healthcare costs and improve quality of life across Michigan. 1:36:03 – Tim Golding, Michigan State Director for Americans for Prosperity. Golding discusses Michigan's housing crisis and policy solutions aimed at improving affordability and increasing housing supply across the state. 1:45:00 – Ivey Gruber, President of the Michigan Talk Network. Gruber discusses faith, spiritual revival in America, and concerns surrounding parenting and youth culture. The conversation focuses on values, responsibility, and the role families play in shaping future generations. --- Check out our brand new podcast, 'Forgotten America'... Episode 15 is live NOW at Steve Gruber on YouTube! Link below: https://youtu.be/2DY74e9ffLY

What if your own immune cells could be engineered to fight and even cure cancer? In this episode of Rx for Biotech, host Chris Leidli sits down with Navneet Majhail, MD, a leading expert in blood cancers, bone marrow transplants, and CAR-T cell therapy, to break down one of the most powerful innovations in modern medicine: CAR-T therapy. CAR-T therapy is a form of immunotherapy that uses a patient's own T cells - engineered in a lab - to recognize and destroy cancer. It has already transformed outcomes for patients with leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, offering hope where few options previously existed. But despite its promise, many eligible patients still don't receive CAR-T therapy due to barriers like access, geography, insurance, and care coordination. In this conversation, Dr. Majhail explains: • What CAR-T cell therapy is and how it works • Why access to treatment remains a major challenge • The role of bone marrow transplant and cellular therapy networks • How care is shifting closer to home through community-based treatment models • The importance of caregivers and support systems during treatment • What the future holds for CAR-T in solid tumors, autoimmune diseases, and beyond This episode is a must-watch for patients, caregivers, and anyone interested in the future of personalized cancer treatment, immunotherapy, and advanced therapies

Good morning from Pharma Daily: the podcast that brings you the most important developments in the pharmaceutical and biotech world. The industry is currently navigating a pivotal era marked by a blend of scientific innovation, regulatory shifts, and intriguing clinical trial results. A key regulatory upheaval unfolds as the FDA faces leadership changes. The recent departures of key figures from both the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) and the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) underscore a period of uncertainty. With former commissioner Marty Makary stepping down, concerns arise about how these changes might affect drug approvals and regulatory guidance at such a crucial time in the industry. Turning to clinical trials, Regeneron has experienced a setback as its lag-3 inhibitor failed to surpass Merck's Keytruda in phase 3 melanoma studies. This marks Regeneron's second significant late-stage failure within a year, prompting analysts to reassess its strategic direction in oncology. In parallel, Regeneron has inked a $2.3 billion agreement with Parabilis Medicines to develop an advanced antibody-drug conjugate (ADC)-like therapy. The goal is to enhance targeting capabilities by improving binding to complex target sites, which could revolutionize ADC technology. Similarly, BioMarin's substantial investment in Inozyme's enzyme replacement therapy faced hurdles after falling short on one of two primary endpoints in a phase 3 trial for a rare genetic disorder. Such outcomes highlight the inherent risks and high stakes involved in late-stage drug development. Yet, innovation continues to drive progress. Vincentage Pharma's oral GLP-1 agonist has demonstrated a promising mean weight loss of 12.4% over a year, positioning it as a competitor to Eli Lilly's Orforglipron in the burgeoning Chinese market. This reflects the global pursuit to harness GLP-1 receptor agonists in tackling metabolic disorders and obesity. Ipsen has made strides with its long-acting neurotoxin for aesthetic applications, advancing into phase 3 trials following encouraging phase 2 results that showed significant improvements in frown lines lasting up to 24 weeks post-treatment. This progress suggests robust competition against established players like Botox. Meanwhile, Merck and Kelun-Biotech have successfully completed a phase 3 trial with their trop2-directed ADC sacituzumab tirumotecan (SAC-TMT) for endometrial cancer, achieving primary endpoints and paving the way for further regulatory submissions. Such advancements emphasize ADC technology's growing importance in oncology therapeutics. Broad industry trends reflect strategic investments, exemplified by Boston Scientific's $1.5 billion investment in Mirus and an option to acquire its transcatheter aortic valve replacement system—highlighting continued interest in high-growth medtech sectors. In another notable development, Daiichi Sankyo and AstraZeneca have reached a milestone with their ADC Enhertu, securing dual FDA approvals for early breast cancer treatment. These approvals underscore Enhertu's potential to expand treatment options for patients at an early disease stage, potentially altering standard treatment protocols. On the regulatory front, AstraZeneca has secured FDA approval for baxdrostat—an aldosterone synthase inhibitor developed through its acquisition of CinCor Pharma—demonstrating strategic investment in innovative cardiovascular therapies aligned with ambitious revenue goals. However, challenges persist as demonstrated by Amgen's Tavneos being linked to fatalities across Japan and the U.S., raising significant concerns about data integrity and pharmacovigilance. In contrast, Revolution Medicines' RAS inhibitor doubled survival rates in phase 3 pancreatic cancer trials. This breakthrough positions Revolution as an emerging leader in oncology therapeutics amidst fierce competition from companies aiming to improve drug tolerability and extend survival benefits. These narratives paint a picture of an industry poised for transformation—balancing scientific breakthroughs against regulatory challenges and financial pressures. As therapeutic modalities evolve—from oral biologics to advanced ADCs—the sector is set on course for substantial impacts on patient care and drug development pipelines. In summary, the pharmaceutical and biotech industries' focus on advancing therapeutic options through scientific innovation while navigating complex regulatory landscapes underscores an ongoing commitment to addressing unmet medical needs through new drug classes and targeted therapies. These efforts highlight trends toward personalized medicine and precision oncology that are likely to shape future trajectories in these dynamic fields.Support the show

Biotech entrepreneur and producer of The Voice of Hind Rajab, Rami Elghandour, was scheduled to speak at his alma mater, Rutgers University, but two weeks before graduation his appearance was canceled -- apparently due to complaints from a small number of students on campus. Though never given a clear explanation, some have pointed to Israel-critical social media posts relating to Nicholas Kristof's viral op-ed about IDF rape culture as the reason. In other words, he was targeted for anti-Zionist speech. Rami joins Bad Faith to discuss what happened, the fall out from the Kristof piece, and the future of the party politics post-Gaza. Subscribe to Bad Faith on YouTube for video of this episode. Find Bad Faith on Twitter (@badfaithpod) and Instagram (@badfaithpod). Produced by Armand Aviram. Theme by Nick Thorburn (@nickfromislands).

This interview is disseminated on behalf of Medicus Pharma Ltd.In this episode of Stocks to Watch, we are joined by Medicus Pharma (NASDAQ: MDCX) Executive Chairman and CEO Dr. Raza Bokhari to discuss the company's promising Phase 2 results for SkinJect, its innovative skin cancer treatment, and what lies ahead for the company across oncology, rare diseases, and prostate cancer.Learn more about Medicus Pharma: https://medicuspharma.com/Watch the full YouTube interview here: https://youtu.be/4GZIBnS2KZ0And follow us to stay updated: https://www.youtube.com/GlobalOneMedia 

We love to hear from our listeners. Send us a message. On this week's episode of the Business of Biotech, Marinna Madrid, Ph.D., Cofounder, Board Member, Chief Product and Regulatory Officer at Cellino, talks about scaling up an automated manufacturing process she co-invented for personalized autologous induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) therapies using laser-activated substrates and AI. Marinna describes her work with industry groups to improve regulatory guidelines, Cellino's partnership strategy, the implications of receiving FDA's Advanced Manufacturing Technologies designation, and the future of iPSC therapies.  Access this and hundreds of episodes of the Business of Biotech videocast under the Business of Biotech tab at lifescienceleader.com.  Subscribe to our monthly Business of Biotech newsletter. Get in touch with guest and topic suggestions: ben.comer@lifescienceleader.comFind Ben Comer on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/bencomer/

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In 2020, developmental biologist Dr. Crystal Rogers drove the country roads outside Davis, California crying between grant rejections, wondering whether she was about to lose her lab, her career, and the scientific future she had spent years building. She had already done what academia tells young scientists to do. She earned the credentials. She landed a faculty position at UC Davis. She built a lab. Then the real test began.On this episode of Standard Deviation, Dr. Oliver Bogler examines the unspoken rules that determine which scientists survive academic research and which quietly disappear from it. The conversation follows Crystal Rogers and cancer biologist Dr. Michelle Mendoza as they collide with the “Hidden Curriculum” of biomedical science: the unwritten rhetoric, institutional signaling, and grant writing strategies that often decide who receives funding, tenure, and long term stability.Michelle Mendoza entered a tenure track position at the Huntsman Cancer Institute while raising 3 children, navigating a divorce, and trying to secure major NIH funding during COVID. What looked like objective scientific review turned out to depend heavily on persuasion, presentation, and insider fluency. Established researchers could promise massive research agendas based on reputation alone. Junior investigators faced a completely different standard.Oliver traces how the Life Science Editors Foundation and its JEDI program intervened by pairing scientists with former editors from journals including Cell and Nature. The work had little to do with commas or grammar. Editors challenged logic, structure, and scientific framing before grant reviewers could destroy an application in public.Both researchers eventually secured career defining grants. One realized she would keep her job and not have to move her family. The other celebrated by ordering a personalized “DEV BIO” license plate and driving through Davis blasting nineties hip hop and Beyoncé.The episode exposes how biomedical research funding rewards institutional fluency as much as scientific talent, and how hidden systems inside academic medicine continue shaping who gets to stay in science long enough to make discoveries.RELATED LINKSDr. Crystal Rogers LinkedInDr. Crystal Rogers Faculty PageDr. Crystal Rogers LabDr. Michelle Mendoza LinkedInDr. Michelle Mendoza Faculty PageHuntsman Cancer Institute Mendoza LabLife Science Editors FoundationFEEDBACKLike this episode? Rate and review Out of Patients on your favorite podcast platform. For guest suggestions or sponsorship email podcasts@matthewzachary.comSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Biotech investing often hinges on understanding science, trials and patient outcomes. Dr. Judith Finegold is a physician turned equity analyst, and she explains how her clinical experience helps assess drug pipelines, clinical trials and long term risk in biotech investing — well beyond the headlines. #CapGroupGlobal This content is intended to highlight issues and be of a general nature. It should not be considered advice, an endorsement or a recommendation. Products mentioned are not an offer of the product and may not be available for sale or purchase in all countries. All investments have risk, and you may lose money. Past results are not a guarantee of future results. Statements attributed to an individual represent the opinions of that individual as of the date published and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of Capital Group or its affiliates. This content is published by Capital Client Group, Inc., and copyrighted to Capital Group and affiliates, 2026, all rights reserved. For more information, including our detailed disclosures, visit www.capitalgroup.com/global-disclosures For our latest insights, practice management ideas and more, subscribe to Capital Ideas at getcapitalideas.com. If you're based outside of the U.S., visit capitalgroup.com for Capital Group insights. Watch our latest podcast, Conversations with Mike Gitlin, on YouTube: https://bit.ly/4aKcZ2c U.K. investors can view a glossary of technical terms here: https://bit.ly/46s4Fmp To stay informed, follow us LinkedIn: https://bit.ly/4qQrPdH YouTube: https://bit.ly/3OJfg6m Follow Mike Gitlin: https://bit.ly/46onTta About Capital Group Capital Group was established in 1931 in Los Angeles, California, with the mission to improve people's lives through successful investing. With our clients at the core of everything we do, we offer carefully researched products and services to help them achieve their financial goals. Learn more: capitalgroup.com Join us: capitalgroup.com/about-us/careers.html Copyright © 2026 Capital Group

The S&P 500 (SPX) is near record highs, but Patrick Kennedy warns momentum is narrowing and a pullback may be needed before new entries. He favors cybersecurity names like Palo Alto Networks (PANW) and CrowdStrike (CRWD), while also highlighting strength in biotech through the XBI ETF. Gold and infrastructure assets remain key long-term diversifiers.======== Schwab Network ========Empowering every investor and trader, every market day. Subscribe to the Market Minute newsletter - https://schwabnetwork.com/subscribeDownload the iOS app - https://apps.apple.com/us/app/schwab-network/id1460719185Download the Amazon Fire Tv App - https://www.amazon.com/TD-Ameritrade-Network/dp/B07KRD76C7Watch on Sling - https://watch.sling.com/1/asset/191928615bd8d47686f94682aefaa007/watchWatch on Vizio - https://www.vizio.com/en/watchfreeplus-exploreWatch on DistroTV - https://www.distro.tv/live/schwab-network/Follow us on X – https://twitter.com/schwabnetworkFollow us on Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/schwabnetworkFollow us on LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/schwab-network/ About Schwab Network - https://schwabnetwork.com/about

This week on Swimming with Allocators, Erik Balck Sørensen joins Earnest and Alexa to share his journey from serial founder in an almost non-existent Danish startup scene to CIO of Denmark's Export and Investment Fund, a sovereign platform backing innovation at scale. Erik explains how Denmark went from having no venture funds or ecosystem infrastructure to becoming a global player in biotech, green tech, and deep tech, and why “giving back” and tight founder communities were crucial to that evolution. He breaks down what it really means to run a sovereign wealth fund with a dual mandate, balancing financial returns for taxpayers with societal impact, and how political momentum, past missteps, and investment discipline shape their strategy. Erik also details Denmark's 2030 plan: moving faster, professionalizing as an LP and direct investor, and doubling or tripling down on stronghold verticals like life sciences, selected green technologies, quantum computing, and European growth-stage capital. Additionally, Chuck Daly explains how evolving market dynamics, LP demands, and longer-dated, more complex venture products are reshaping the regulatory landscape for VC managers, driving greater scrutiny on valuation, fund structures, and exemptions, and highlighting the value of Sidley's deep, shared institutional expertise for GPs navigating this shift. Highlights from this week's conversation include: Erik's Journey From Founder to Sovereign Wealth CIO (0:13) Community Building and Giving Back Culture (5:26)   Corporates, Biotech, Green Tech, and Deep Tech (8:17)   What Denmark's Export and Investment Fund Is (9:39)   Balancing Political Momentum, Purpose, and Profit (12:52)   Small Country Strategy and Global Fund Partnerships (15:51)   2030 Strategy to Move Faster and Smarter (19:42)   Priority Verticals: Biotech, Quantum, Green Tech, Growth (32:08)   Misconceptions About the Fund and New Operating Style (36:58)   Infrastructure Bets: AI Supercomputer and Quantum Facility (40:48)   Technological Sovereignty and Europe's Tech Dependence (44:14)   Defense Technology Catch-Up with US Partners (48:47)   Optimism From Founders and How to Contact Erik (51:01)   Denmark´s Export and Investment Fund is a new, state-owned fund which proves a single point of contact to all Danish companies in need of state financed risk capital. We cover both the entrepreneur, small and medium-sized companies who need capital to unfold their full potential, and export companies who wish to conquer new or emerging markets. We can guide you all the way, from the company´s tentative beginnings through substantial growth to entry into the global markets with export guarantees and stock market listings, because our mission is to help to grow the Danish economy and green the globe. http://www.eifo.dk Sidley Austin LLP is a premier global law firm with a dedicated Venture Funds practice, advising top venture capital firms, institutional investors, and private equity sponsors on fund formation, investment structuring, and regulatory compliance. With deep expertise across private markets, Sidley provides strategic legal counsel to help funds scale effectively. Learn more at sidley.com. Swimming with Allocators is a podcast that dives into the intriguing world of Venture Capital from an LP (Limited Partner) perspective. Hosts Alexa Binns and Earnest Sweat are seasoned professionals who have donned various hats in the VC ecosystem. Each episode, we explore where the future opportunities lie in the VC landscape with insights from top LPs on their investment strategies and industry experts shedding light on emerging trends and technologies.  The information provided on this podcast does not, and is not intended to, constitute legal advice; instead, all information, content, and materials available on this podcast are for general informational purposes only. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Synopsis: At the intersection of personal mission and biotech leadership, Rahul Chaturvedi sits down with Catherine Owen Adams, CEO of Acadia Pharmaceuticals, for a deeply personal and strategically rich conversation on leadership, commercialization, and the future of neuropsychiatry. From starting as a pharmacist in the UK to pivoting from R&D into commercial leadership at Johnson & Johnson, rising through Bristol Myers Squibb, and ultimately stepping into her first biotech CEO role at Acadia, Catherine shares how storytelling became the throughline of her career—transforming science into physician trust, investor conviction, and enterprise vision. In this episode, Catherine opens up about the personal family experiences with neurodegenerative disease that made Acadia's focus on CNS and rare disease feel like her “Goldilocks opportunity.” She offers a candid look at the realities of being a first-time CEO, managing investor ecosystems, building the right C-suite, balancing billion-dollar commercial execution with high-risk R&D, and navigating the emotional stakes of developing therapies for Parkinson's disease psychosis, Alzheimer's disease psychosis, Rett syndrome, and beyond. Rahul and Catherine also explore the seismic shifts reshaping biotech—from AI-powered commercialization and patient services to policy advocacy through BIO, FDA modernization, and the strategic pressures facing CNS innovation. This episode is both a masterclass in biotech leadership and a powerful reminder that the best CEOs don't just run companies—they tell stories that move science, markets, and patients forward. Biography: Ms. Owen Adams joined Acadia as Chief Executive Officer and as a member of our Board of Directors in September 2024. Ms. Owen Adams has over 25 years of executive level experience in the pharmaceutical industry. Prior to joining Acadia, Ms. Owen Adams served as Senior Vice President and General Manager, U.S., at Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS), where she led a $20 billion commercial business, overseeing a large and diverse portfolio of promoted brands across Oncology, Cardiovascular, and Immunology. Previously, Ms. Owen Adams held the position of Senior Vice President, Head of Major Markets at BMS, where she led commercial operations leading 6,000 employees across 19 countries in Europe, Japan, and Canada during BMS's merger with Celgene. Prior to her tenure at BMS, Ms. Owen Adams spent 25 years at Johnson & Johnson (J&J), where she held leadership roles across global, U.S., and European business units, with her last position being President, Janssen Immunology U.S. Ms. Owen Adams began her career in R&D and manufacturing at AstraZeneca. Ms. Owen Adams currently serves on the board of directors of Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a publicly held company, and AssistRx, a privately held company. Ms. Owen Adams was formerly on the board of directors and chair of the compensation committee for Optinose PLC, a public specialty pharmaceutical company, and was on the board of directors of Robert Wood Johnson University Hospitals, a non-profit organization. Ms. Owen Adams earned a BSc. in Pharmacy from the University of Manchester, becoming a qualified pharmacist and member of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society (MRPhS).

In 2008, Katy Talento walked away from Capitol Hill and into a Catholic convent. Within a year, she walked out. Within another decade, she sat inside the White House shaping health policy. Somewhere in between, she got labeled “infertile” after a single cycle of testing and spent years believing it.That label stuck. The pain that came before it never got investigated. Doctors offered birth control and moved on. No one asked why her body was struggling. No one followed the thread.Talento built her career inside the very systems she now critiques. She worked on federal health policy, global disease programs, and later advised the Trump administration on healthcare reform. She helped advance price transparency rules in a system where hospitals can still list 457 different prices for the same service.Then she left.Now she builds employer health plans that bypass insurers, PBMs, and traditional networks. Her approach replaces insurance contracts with direct payment, nurse navigators, and cost sharing models that promise simplicity but raise hard questions about risk and protection.This conversation sits in that tension.Talento describes a healthcare system shaped by layered incentives, where insurers, hospitals, and intermediaries profit from complexity. She argues that employers hold the leverage to disrupt it. The host pushes on what happens when patients fall outside those structures, when contracts disappear, and when community based models fail.The episode moves through infertility, misdiagnosis, insurance design, and the mechanics of employer sponsored care. It tracks how policy decisions made in Washington ripple into exam rooms, billing departments, and family lives.It also confronts a harder truth.Even insiders who understand the system can still get caught in it.RELATED LINKSAllBetter HealthKaty TalentoThem Before UsAn Arm and a LegRelentless Health ValueFEEDBACKLike this episode? Rate and review Out of Patients on your favorite podcast platform. For guest suggestions or sponsorship email podcasts@matthewzachary.comSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Today on AmperWave Daily, the political and global chessboard shifts as Secretary Marco Rubio joins President Trump's high-stakes China summit—despite prior CCP sanctions against him. With Elon Musk, top trade officials, and major corporate leaders in tow, the move is being hailed by supporters as historic diplomacy—and slammed by critics as a dangerous reset of U.S.–China relations. Meanwhile, growing fears over trade, national security, Iran-linked tensions, and global influence wars are fueling one of the most controversial foreign policy moments of the year.

We love to hear from our listeners. Send us a message. On this week's episode of the Business of Biotech, Wyatt McDonnell, Ph.D., cofounder and CEO at Infinimmune, talks about how single-cell biology and computational rigor led to the formation of Infinimmune, and a new way to discover human-derived antibody drugs. Wyatt explains Infinimmune's 'discovered in humans' antibody discovery platform, how the company was launched and initially funded, and how Infinimmune landed a Merck collaboration worth up to $838 million. Access this and hundreds of episodes of the Business of Biotech videocast under the Business of Biotech tab at lifescienceleader.com.  Subscribe to our monthly Business of Biotech newsletter. Get in touch with guest and topic suggestions: ben.comer@lifescienceleader.comFind Ben Comer on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/bencomer/