Podcasts about applied animal behaviour science

Winter has come on strong here in much of North America, with some wild temperature swings. In winter, we rely more on hay for forage as pasture is unavailable. Hay and other dried forages have a lower water content compared to fresh pasture. In addition, extra hay is often provided to help a horse keep warm on cold days. More forage = more water needs! However, it is not uncommon for horses to drink less as temperatures drop. This week, we'll revisit some tips to help keep your horse hydrated in winter, and many of these tips are applicable all year as well. Some may sound familiar! The bottom line is that is is extremely important that a horse drinks sufficient water, especially in winter. Listen in for tips and reminders, and let us know if YOU have a good idea as well! The study referenced in this episode:Kristula and McDonnell, 1994. Drinking water temperature affects consumption of water during cold weather in ponies. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 41(3-4):155-160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(94)90020-5

Partner der heutigen FolgeWerbepartner "Tractive": Mit dem Rabattcode "hundestunde" -40% auf deinen GPS-Tracker sparen!tractive.comQuellen⁃ Bennett, P. C., et al. (2018). The role of the environment in dog behaviour. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. ⁃ Glen, J., et al. (2016). Risk factors for canine health issues: a review. Veterinary Journal. ⁃ Gonzalez, F., et al. (2019). Sleep patterns in dogs: implications for health. Journal of Veterinary Behavior ⁃ Hansen, J. H., et al. (2016). The importance of routines for dog welfare. Journal of Animal Welfare Science⁃ Hsu, Y., & Serpell, J. (2003). Dog ownership and people's stress: An analysis of dog behavior and its effects on humans. Anthrozoos. -Klein, D., et al. (2015). The impact of defined territories on dog behavior. Journal of Veterinary Behavior ⁃ Kichuk, T., et al. (2017). Social interactions among dogs in multi-dog households. Animal Behavior and Cognition. ⁃ Lindsay, S. R. (2000). Handbook of Applied Dog Behavior and Training. Wiley.⁃ Mason, G., et al. (2004). Social structure in domestic dogs. Journal of Animal Science. ⁃ Miller, R., et al. (2015). The link between environment and canine behavior. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. ⁃ O'Neill, D. G., et al. (2014). Effects of bedding on health and well-being in dogs. Veterinary Record. ⁃ Waterman, A. E., et al. (2016). Sleep in domestic dogs: The role of the environment. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. ⁃Wang, S., et al. (2020). Human-animal bond and its influence on dogs. Human-Animal Interaction Bulletin.▶️ FANSHOPSHUNDESTUNDE Fan ShopHund und Herrl▶️ Social MediaHUNDESTUNDE Facebook-GruppeHUNDESTUNDE Instagram AccountConnys Instagram AccountMarcs Instagram Account▶️ HundeschulenConnys Online Hundeschule Spezial-Rabattcode für Stundis: "Stundi"Marcs Hundeschule in KielConnys Hundeschule in Wien▶️ SonstigesPlaylistHUNDESTUNDE Spotify Playlist▶️ KontaktFragen für die Fragestunde bitte an:E-mail: podcast@hundestunde.liveDieser Podcast wurde bearbeitet von:Denise Berger https://www.movecut.at

Dr Camie Heleski has worked in horse management and welfare research for over 25 years. She recently served on the FEI Ethics & Wellbeing Commission and she is an Honorary Fellow of the International Society for Equitation Science. Additional information  D. Wayne Lucas - famous US racehorse trainer inducted into both Racing and QH Hall of Fame - Camie mentions him in her journey. Heleski, C. (2023) Social License to Operate–Why Public Perception Matters for Horse Sport–Some Personal Reflections, Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 124, May 2023, 104266, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0737080623000576 Heleski, C. & Anthony, R. (2012) Science alone is not always enough: The importance of ethical assessment for a more comprehensive view of equine welfare, Journal of Veterinary Behavior, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2011.08.003 Luke et al (2022) New insights into ridden horse behaviour, horse welfare and horse-related safety. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 105539, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105539 Mellor et al (2020) Five Domains Model of Animal Welfare, Animals, https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/10/1870 A peak into the animal welfare competition developed by Camie Heleski https://www.avma.org/events/animal-welfare-assessment-contest

This week Nancy and Kate discuss a just published research paper on the complex cognitive abilities of horses. Research Reference: Louise Evans, Heather Cameron-Whytock, Carrie Ijichi, Whoa, No-Go: Evidence consistent with model-based strategy use in horses during an inhibitory task, Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 277, 106339, SSN 0168-1591, Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159124001874?via%3Dihub Press Releases: https://phys.org/news/2024-08-horses-intelligent-previously-thought.html https://www.theguardian.com/science/article/2024/aug/12/horses-can-plan-ahead-and-think-strategically-scientists-find --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/nancy-mclean/support

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Forschende entdecken versunkene Kanaren-Insel +++ Pferde offenbar intelligenter als gedacht +++ Krokodile bekommen Ekel-Training +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Descubierto un monte submarino en Canarias compuesto por tres volcanes/ Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), 31.07.2024The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on youth mental health/ The Lancet, 13.08.2024Whoa, No-Go: Evidence consistent with model-based strategy use in horses during an inhibitory task/ Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 11.07.2024Stillende Frauen sollen Orang-Utan-Mutter das Säugen beibringen/ Der Spiegel, 14.08.2024Klima-Jobs erfordern zusätzliche Kompetenzen/ Bertelsmann-Stiftung, 14.08.2024Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.

Explore opinion vs fact with Certified Dog Behavior Consultant and Fear Free certified professional, Christi Kirby-Baron. Understand how the facts remain unaltered regardless of personal beliefs when it comes to getting a perfect “come” when called 100% of the time. Christi Kirby-Baron, CDBC, ADT, SDC, CPDT-KA, NADOI (1145/C), Fear Free Professional Virtual Training offered: https://buff.ly/4bTilav TO SUBMIT VIDEOS: 1. Screen record the video or screenshot the photo you wish to submit. Don't worry about cropping out usernames or blurring faces, I do all of this with my editing software 2. Upload the content to your Google Drive 3. Right click on the content you uploaded, click "share" and type in my email Christi@doghelp.net to share access with me   THANK YOU! LET'S CONNECT! Instagram: a_pawsitive_Improvement TikTok: a_pawsitive_improvement x: KirbyBaron19427 Website: doghelp.net YouTube @ChristiBaron Constant Contact: https://buff.ly/44XfWJw   References: https://ppc.sas.upenn.edu/sites/defau... https://www.whole-dog-journal.com/tra... Blackwell E.J., Twells C., Seawright A., Casey R.A. The relationship between training methods and the occurrence of behavior problems, as reported by owners, in a population of domestic dogs. J. Vet. Behav. 2008;3:207–217. doi: 10.1016/j.jveb.2007.10.008 iv G. The effects of using aversive training methods in dogs—A review. J. Vet. Behav. 2017;19:50–60. doi: 10.1016/j.jveb.2017.02.004. Herron, M. E., Shofer, F. S., & Reisner, I. R. (2009). Survey of the use and outcome of confrontational and non-confrontational training methods in client-owned dogs showing undesired behaviors. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 117(1-2), 47-54. The Royal Society Publishing: Research Article. Herron, M. E., Shofer, F. S., & Reisner, I. R. (2009). Survey of the use and outcome of confrontational and non-confrontational training methods in client-owned dogs showing undesired behaviors. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 117(1-2), 47-54. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...

Quellen: Little Ablert: Watson, J.B., & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. Journal ofExperimental. Psychology,3, 1–14. Elektrohalsband: Schilder, M. B., & van der Borg, J. A. (2004). Training dogs with help of the shock collar: short and long term behavioural effects. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 85(3-4), 319-334. Blackwell, E., & Casey, R. (2006). The use of shock collars and their impact on the welfare of dogs. University of Bristol. Studien aus Canis Podcast: Ziv, G. (2017). The effects of using aversive training methods in dogs—A review. Journal of veterinary behavior, 19, 50-60. Makowska, I. J. (2018). Review of dog training methods: welfare, learning ability, and current standards. British Columbia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty of Animals: Vancouver, Canada. de Castro, A. C. V., Fuchs, D., Morello, G. M., Pastur, S., de Sousa, L., & Olsson, I. A. S. (2020). Does training method matter? Evidence for the negative impact of aversive-based methods on companion dog welfare. Plos one, 15(12), e0225023. Mehr unerwünschtes Verhalten wenn Belohnung und Strafe: Blackwell, E. J., Twells, C., Seawright, A., & Casey, R. A. (2008). The relationship between training methods and the occurrence of behavior problems, as reported by owners, in a population of domestic dogs. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 3(5), 207-217. Erfolg von Trainingsmethoden: Blackwell, E. J., Bolster, C., Richards, G., Loftus, B. A., & Casey, R. A. (2012). The use of electronic collars for training domestic dogs. BMC Veterinary Research, 8, 1-11. Zootiere: Brando, S., & Norman, M. (2023). Handling and training of wild animals: evidence and ethics-based approaches and best practices in the modern zoo. Animals, 13(14), 2247. Positives Training und Aggression: Orihel, J. S., & Fraser, D. (2008). A note on the effectiveness of behavioural rehabilitation for reducing inter-dog aggression in shelter dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 112(3-4), 400-405. Risiken von Strafe: Azrin, N.H, Holz, W.C., “Punishment” from Honig, W. (1966) Operant Behavior: Areas of Research and Application, 380-447 Sulzer-Azaroff, Beth, and G. Roy Mayer. Behavior analysis for lasting change. Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1991, 486-7 Chance, P., 2008, Learning and Behavior, 5th Edition, 208. Maier, Steven F., and Martin E. Seligman. “Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence.” Journal of experimental psychology: general 105.1 (1976): 3. “Severe brain damage after punitive training technique with a choke chain collar in a German shepherd dog.” Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research 8, no. 3 (2013): 180-184. Powell, Russell A., P. Lynne Honey, and Diane G. Symbaluk. Introduction to learning and behavior. Cengage Learning, 2016 Miltenberger, Raymond G. Behavior modification: Principles and procedures. Cengage Learning, 2011 Border Collie Studie zu positiver Strafe: Marschark, E. D., & Baenninger, R. (2002). Modification of instinctive herding dog behavior using reinforcement and punishment. Anthrozoös, 15(1), 51-68. Dominanz vs Leadership: Yin, S. (2007). Dominance versus leadership in dog training.  Weitere Studien: Hiby, et. al. (2004). “Dog training methods: their use, effectiveness and interaction with behaviour and welfare.”  Rooney et.al. (2011). “Training methods and owner–dog interactions: Links with dog behaviour and learning ability.”  Cooper et.al. (2013). “Studies to assess the effect of pet training aids, specifically remote static pulse systems, on the welfare of domestic dogs: field study of dogs in training.”. Deldalle et.al. (2014). “Effects of 2 training methods on stress-related behaviors of the dog (Canis familiaris) and on the dog–owner relationship.” Casey et al. (2014). “Human directed aggression in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris): Occurrence in different contexts and risk factors.” Canis Podcast: Der CANIS-Podcast - Hundeexpert:innen ausgefragt: Bestrafung im Hundetraing - Was sagt die Wissenschaft?

It's time for another mini-episode on recent research! In this episode, I discuss papers about 1) gaps in our understanding of puppy development, from a unique perspective, 2) the impact of dog sports discipline (e.g. obedience or nosework) on impulse control and persistence, and 3) a program for reducing barking in shelter dogs. Each paper is summarized briefly in easy to understand language so you don't have to work - or find the time! - to find, read, and interpret the research yourself. If you enjoyed this information and would like more opportunities to stay current with dog behavior research, check out Research Bites here. You can also get more information on my courses and upcoming events at www.sciencemattersllc.com.Papers discussed in this episode:Costa, A. G., Nielsen, T., Christley, R., & Hazel, S. (2023). Highlighting gaps in puppy research using Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory of human development. Human-Animal Interactions, (2023). https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/hai.2023.0014 Mellor, N., McBride, S., Stoker, E., & Dalesman, S. (2024). Impact of Training Discipline and Experience on Inhibitory Control and Cognitive Performance in Pet Dogs. Animals, 14(3), 428. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/3/428 Baldan, A. L., Ferreira, B. L., Warisaia, V., Feuerbacher, E. N., Monticelli, P. F., & Gunter, L. M. (2023). Reducing barking in a Brazilian animal shelter: A practical intervention. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 265, 105992.  https://www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/science/article/pii/S0168159123001648 Click here for tips on getting access to scientific journal articles

Shark declines: finning regulations might have bitten off more than they can chew In recent years governments around the world have attempted to slow the catastrophic decline in shark numbers with regulations, including on the practice of shark finning. But a new study led by marine biologist Boris Worm and published in the journal Science suggests that these regulations have backfired and shark mortality is still rising. The reason is that shark fishers responded by keeping all of the shark, and developing ever more markets for shark meat and oils, such as in supplements, cosmetics, and even hidden as “whitefish” or “flake” in fish and chip markets. Dogs like TV about dogs but don't give a rat's about squirrels Like a lot of us, dogs spend a certain amount of time in front of the TV. But what are they watching and what do they like? Freya Mowat, a veterinary ophthalmologist from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, was interested in finding what dogs like to watch on TV so that she could develop new ways to test dog vision. Her study, recently published in the journal Applied Animal Behaviour Science, revealed that, unsurprisingly, dogs preferred to watch other dogs, and ten per cent also enjoyed watching cartoons as much as live action animals. The more unexpected finding was that the dogs were not as interested in watching humans, squirrels, or trucks. An ancient tree's crowning glory Paleontologists working in Norton, New Brunswick have made an extraordinary discovery: a fully intact 350 million year old fossilized tree unlike any previously known to science. Matt Stinson, the assistant curator of geology and paleontology at the New Brunswick Museum, says it's extremely rare in the fossil record to find a fully intact tree like this one that has its trunk, branches and leaves still attached. Olivia King, a research associate at the museum, described it as “odd and whimsical,” like the trees from Dr. Seuss's famous book The Lorax. Their study is in the journal Current Biology. There was an old elephant who swallowed an ant… The complex interdependence of plants and animals in an ecosystem are often hard to fathom until they go wrong. This is illustrated by a new study in Kenya showing how an invasive ant led to elephants knocking down trees, affecting how lions hunt zebras, which turned out to be bad news for buffalo. Adam Ford from the University of British Columbia, Okanagan is part of the team on this study published in Science. Understanding when (earlier), and how (cleverly), stone-age people lived in Europe New technology to study fragments of bone found in a cave in Germany is leading to a rewriting of the history of how Homo sapiens established themselves in Europe, when the continent was dominated by Neanderthals. A team, led by Jean-Jacques Hublin, at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, uncovered human bones dating back 46,000 years in a cave in Northern Germany, which means the Homo sapiens were living side by side much earlier with Neanderthals in a frigid ice-age climate instead of sticking to the tropics like previously believed. The research, including detailed climatic reconstructions, led to three papers published in the journal Nature. A separate find is giving new insight into their material culture as archaeologists have uncovered a subtly clever tool they think ancient humans would have used to spin rope. The team built replicas of the tool and found it worked remarkably effectively to twist plant fibres into strong rope. Nicholas Conard, an archaeologist from the University of Tübingen in Germany, was part of the team, and the work was published in Science Advances.

Lauren and JJ present the 12 days of Christmas, veterinary ER-style! References: (1) Hanson, K. R., et al. (2021). Effect of prazosin on feline recurrent urethral obstruction. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 23(12), 1176-1182. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X211001283 (2) Conway, D. S., et al. (2022). Prazosin administration increases the rate of recurrent urethral obstruction in cats: 388 cases. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 260(S2), S7-S11. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.21.10.0469 (3) Canine parvovirus monoclonal antibody. Elanco. https://my.elanco.com/us/parvovirus Last accessed 12/12/23. (4) Nolen, R. S. (2023). Making sense of the mystery illness found across the US: Experts offer insights into canine infectious respiratory disease complex and other underlying factors. https://www.avma.org/news/making-sense-mystery-illness-found-across-us Last accessed 12/12/23. (5) Crowley, K. (2023). New data shows dog respiratory illness up in Canada, Nevada: Experts say treat it like a human cold. USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2023/12/02/canada-nevada-mysterious-dog-illness/71767353007/ Last accessed 12/12/23. (6) Silva, D. D., et al. (2021). Evaluation of a flash glucose monitoring system in dogs with diabetic ketoacidosis. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 74(1), 106525. (7) Xavier, R. G. C., et al. (2023). Canine pyometra: A short review of current advances. Animals, 13(21), 3310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13213310 (8) Xavier, R. G. C., et al. (2022). Transmission of Escherichia coli causing pyometra between two female dogs. Microorganisms, 10(2), 2465. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122465 (9) Duffy, D. L., et al. (2008). Breed differences in canine aggression. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 114(3-4), 441-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2008.04.006 (10) Kelly, R. (2023). Doubts arise over treating dog diarrhea with antibiotics. VIN News Service. www.vin.com Last accessed 12/12/23.

Berikning! Lika värdefullt som det är svårt att hitta på. I detta avnsitt berättar Elna om en modell som kategoriserar olika berikningar, vilket kan vara till hjälp för kreativiteten. Finns det någon berikning du vill tipsa om? Referenser: Newberry, R. C. (1995). Environmental enrichment: Increasing the biological relevance of captive environments. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 44(2-4), 229–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(95)00616-Z Bloomsmith, M. A., Brent, L. Y., & Schapiro, S. J. (1991). Guidelines for developing and managing an environmental enrichment program for nonhuman primates. Laboratory animal science, 41(4), 372–377.

Le débat sur le bien-être des chevaux agite de plus en plus de monde, des cavaliers professionnels au grand public. Mais, à l'heure où certaines pratiques liées à l'équitation sont remises en question, on rappelle qu'on ne dispose pas encore d'un outil permettant d'évaluer l'état de bien-être du cheval monté. On vous invite à réécouter l'épisode 19 de la saison 1 à ce sujet. Cela ne nous empêche pas d'interroger certaines choses qui paraissent évidentes, comme par exemple l'utilisation du mors lors du travail monté. On a de la chance, il y a plusieurs publications scientifiques récentes et disponibles sur le sujet. C'est pourquoi, on a décidé de consacrer cet épisode de véthologie au mors, à ses impacts sur le cheval, sur la sécurité du cavalier et sur la relation humain/cheval. Bonne écoute ! Bibliographie : Doherty, O., Casey, V., McGreevy, P., McLean, A., Parker, P., & Arkins, S. (2017). An analysis of visible patterns of horse bit wear. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 18, 84-91. Fenner, K., Yoon, S., White, P., Starling, M., & McGreevy, P. (2016). The effect of noseband tightening on horses' behavior, eye temperature, and cardiac responses. PloS one, 11(5), e0154179. Luke, K. L., McAdie, T., Warren-Smith, A. K., & Smith, B. P. (2023). Bit use and its relevance for rider safety, rider satisfaction and horse welfare in equestrian sport. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 259, 105855. McGreevy, P. D., & McLean, A. (2005). Behavioural problems with the ridden horse. The domestic horse: The origins, development and management of its behaviour, 196-211.

This week Nancy and Kate discuss the Equine Personality Test (EPT) and it's reliability scores. Research Reference: A. Jolivald, K. Yarnell, C. Hall, C. Ijichi (2022). Do you see what I see? Investigating the validity of an equine personality questionnaire. Applied Animal Behaviour Science., 248, Article 105567 Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168159122000259 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/nancy-mclean/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/nancy-mclean/support

In dieser Podcastfolge habe ich mich mit Aurea Verebes getroffen. Der Schwerpunkt von Aureas Tätigkeit als Hundetrainerin liegt in der Arbeit mit Familie und Hund. Verhaltensproblemen, die im familiären Kontext auftreten, geht sie gemeinsam mit den Familien auf den Grund und begleitet Sie im Training. Aurea ist Buchautorin und Inhaberin des Verlags Canimos. Seit vielen Jahren wird der Nutzen von Schreckreizen als schnelle Verhaltenskorrektur in TV und mittlerweile auch wieder in den sozialen Medien vorgelebt. Die Nebenwirkungen sind den wenigstens Menschen jedoch bekannt. Aus einer sachlich-wissenschaftlichen Perspektive sprechen wir über Schreckreize und die Anwendung von positiven Strafen. Quellen:Vargas, M., & Doris, J. (2022). John Doris - The Oxford Handbook of Moral Psychology. Oxford University Press.Mills, D., Levine, E., Landsberg, G., & Horwitz, D. (2005). - Current Issues and Research in Veterinary behavioral Medicine. Purdue University Press.Dess, N. K., Linwick, D., Patterson, J., Overmier, J. B., & Levine, S. (1983). Immediate and proactive effects of controllability and predictability on plasma cortisol responses to shocks in dogs. Behavioral Neuroscience, 97(6), 1005–1016. Schilder, M. B. H., & van der Borg, J. A. M. (2004). Training dogs with help of the shock collar: short and long term behavioural effects. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 85(3–4), 319–334. Hsu, Y., & Sun, L. (2010). Factors associated with aggressive responses in pet dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 123(3–4), 108–123. Seymour, B., Singer, T., & Dolan, R. (2007). The neurobiology of punishment. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 8(4), 300–311.Aurea Verebes findet Ihr hier:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/aurea.verebes/Buch: https://www.canimos.de/produkt/warum-beisst-ein-hund-die-menschen-die-er-liebt/Verlag: https://www.canimos.deWenn Du aktuell Themen mit Deinem Hund hast, die Du trainieren möchtest, schreib mir einfach eine Mail an info@cintadogs.deBis bald,Cinta

On retrouve un format "multi-espèces" pour répondre à une question qui turlupine pas mal de propriétaires et de chercheurs : peut-on considérer qu'il existe réellement des différences comportementales liées à la couleur des animaux domestiques ? Des renards polaires de Belyaev, aux chattes tricolores en passant par les juments alezanes, cet épisode résume ce qu'on a lu sur ce sujet, qui fait encore grandement débat. Bonne écoute ! Bibliographie : Quelques références pour cet épisode parmi toutes celles existantes sur le sujet : Finn, Jessica L., et al. "The relationship between coat colour phenotype and equine behaviour: A pilot study." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 174 (2016): 66-69. Jacobs, Lauren N., et al. "The MC1R and ASIP coat color loci may impact behavior in the horse." Journal of Heredity 107.3 (2016): 214-219. Jayashree, Datta. "Correlation between coat colour and behaviour in semi-feral cats." Science and Culture 80.9/10 (2014): 283-286. Podberscek, Anthony L., and James A. Serpell. "Environmental influences on the expression of aggressive behaviour in English Cocker Spaniels." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 52.3-4 (1997): 215-227. Stelow, Elizabeth A., Melissa J. Bain, and Philip H. Kass. "The relationship between coat color and aggressive behaviors in the domestic cat." Journal of applied animal welfare science 19.1 (2016): 1-15. Wilhelmy, Jacqueline, et al. "Behavioral associations with breed, coat type, and eye color in single-breed cats." Journal of Veterinary Behavior 13 (2016): 80-87.

Nos animaux domestiques peuvent-ils souffrir des mêmes troubles psychiatriques que nous, humains ? Vaste question, qui fait largement débat parmi les spécialistes... Sauf pour les troubles dépressifs, où l'on arrive plutôt à un consensus. D'ailleurs, on a de la littérature scientifique sur laquelle s'appuyer car les chercheurs utilisent depuis longtemps des modèles animaux afin d'essayer de mieux comprendre l'état dépressif des humains. Dans cet épisode, on tente un état des lieux des connaissances actuelles sur les notions de deuil, de résignation acquise et dépression chez les animaux non-humains. On y parle notamment de #chiens, de #rats et de #chevaux. Bonne écoute

Quelle influence de l'hébergement sur le bien-être et le comportement des chevaux ? Dans cet épisode, on revient sur plusieurs études évoquant non seulement le comportement des chevaux en box, mais aussi sur le risque de blessures au pré souvent évoqué comme un frein à une vie dehors. Bonne écoute ! Bibliographie Ruet, Alice, et al. "Effects of a temporary period on pasture on the welfare state of horses housed in individual boxes." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 228 (2020): 105027. Ruet, Alice, et al. "Housing horses in individual boxes is a challenge with regard to welfare." Animals 9.9 (2019): 621. Knubben, J. M., et al. "Bite and kick injuries in horses: Prevalence, risk factors and prevention." Equine veterinary journal 40.3 (2008): 219-223.https://doi.org/10.2746/042516408X253118

La question de l'inné ou de l'acquis est une question récurrente en éthologie : est-ce que les comportements ont été appris par l'animal, sous l'influence de son environnement, ou est-ce qu'ils se seraient de toute façon exprimés à cause de sa génétique ? Il n'y a pas de réponse absolue à cette question, mais dans cet épisode, on a tout de même cherché quelques pistes de réflexions, en nous basant sur les articles scientifiques à ce sujet, notamment ceux consacrés à l'agressivité chez le chien. Bonne écoute ! Bibliographie Van den Berg, L., M. B. H. Schilder, and B. W. Knol. "Behavior genetics of canine aggression: behavioral phenotyping of golden retrievers by means of an aggression test." Behavior genetics 33 (2003): 469-483. Duffy, Deborah L., Yuying Hsu, and James A. Serpell. "Breed differences in canine aggression." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 114.3-4 (2008): 441-460. Liinamo, Anna-Elisa, et al. "Genetic variation in aggression-related traits in Golden Retriever dogs." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 104.1-2 (2007): 95-106. Arvelius, Per, et al. "Genetic analysis of herding behavior in Swedish Border Collie dogs." Journal of Veterinary Behavior 4.6 (2009): 237. Amat, Marta, et al. "Aggressive behavior in the English cocker spaniel." Journal of Veterinary Behavior 4.3 (2009): 111-117. Panksepp, Jaak. Affective neuroscience: The foundations of human and animal emotions. Oxford university press, 2004.

Pour cet épisode, on retrouve un format "multi-espèces" pour traiter d'une question que beaucoup de propriétaires se sont déjà posée : est-ce qu'on observe des différences comportementales entre les individus mâles et les individus femelles ? Et si c'est le cas, quelles sont-elles ? On y parle des lapins, des chiens, des chats et des chevaux ! On a surtout cherché s'il y avait des différences dans les relations à l'humain et aux congénères entre les individus mâles et les individus femelles dans ces quatre espèces de mammifères domestiques. On y évoque aussi, bien sûr, la stérilisation et son impact potentiel sur ces comportements. Bonne écoute ! Bibliographie : Beaucoup de références pour cet article, c'est un sujet sur lequel les chercheurs se sont penchés et récemment en plus :) d'Ovidio, Dario, et al. "Sex differences in human-directed social behavior in pet rabbits." Journal of Veterinary Behavior 15 (2016): 37-42. Wallis, Lisa J., Dóra Szabó, and Enikő Kubinyi. "Cross-sectional age differences in canine personality traits; influence of breed, sex, previous trauma, and dog obedience tasks." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 6 (2020): 493. Gilbert, Caroline, et al. "Évaluation du risque de morsure par les chiens." (2020): 199-p. Farhoody, P., and M. C. Zink. "Behavioral and physical effects of spaying and neutering domestic dogs (Canis familiaris)." Unpublished Summary of a Masters Thesis, Hunter College, New York, NY, USA (2010): 1-4. Pinelli, Claudia, et al. "Puppies in the problem-solving paradigm: quick males and social females." Animal Cognition (2022): 1-7. Barry, Kimberly J., and Sharon L. Crowell-Davis. "Gender differences in the social behavior of the neutered indoor-only domestic cat." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 64.3 (1999): 193-211. Hart, Benjamin L., and Lynette A. Hart. Your ideal cat: insights into breed and gender differences in cat behavior. Purdue University Press, 2013. Stachurska, Anna, et al. "Variation of Physiological and Behavioural Parameters during the Oestrous Cycle in Mares." Animals 13.2 (2023): 211. Aune, Anna, et al. "Reported behavioural differences between geldings and mares challenge sex-driven stereotypes in ridden equine behaviour." Animals 10.3 (2020): 414.

Dans cet épisode, on évoque une autre situation du quotidien des cavalier.e.s et détenteur.ice.s de chevaux : le cheval compliqué à attraper au pré. C'est un exemple concret qui illustre comment le cheval apprend et peut être renforcé dans ses comportements de manière involontaire par l'humain. C'est aussi l'occasion pour nous de parler des signes de stress, d'émotions et de perception de la situation par l'individu. Pas de notion nouvelle pour les auditeurs et auditrices fidèles de Vethologie, mais de notre point de vue, c'est toujours intéressant de décrypter des situations "banales" en optant le point de vue de nos chevaux. Bonne écoute ! Bibliographie : Lansade, L., Bonneau, C., Parias, C., & Biau, S. (2019). Horse's emotional state and rider safety during grooming practices, a field study. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 217, 43-47.

L'idée qu'un sevrage précoce entraîne des troubles du comportement est largement répandue. Dans ce nouvel épisode consacré à une critique d'article, nous nous penchons sur une étude qui a réalisé des tests comportementaux sur des chatons ayant été exposés à différentes conditions de développement. Bibliographie L'étude dont on parle : Martínez-Byer, Sandra, et al. "Effects of early social separation on the behaviour of kittens of the domestic cat." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 259 (2023): 105849.

Les chiens adorent mâchonner leurs joujoux et les propriétaires donnent des objets à ronger pour occuper leur chien ou lui faire plaisir. Vétérinaires et éducateur.ice.s conseillent souvent de fournir des jouets à mastiquer aux chiens lorsqu'ils sont laissés seuls, ou qu'ils sont un peu stressés. On s'est donc demandé ce que disent les publications scientifiques récentes sur le sujet de la la mastication chez le chien. Cet épisode est parrainé par le site Cani-gourmand et vous pouvez profiter du code promo VETHOLOGIE (sans accent) sur leur site internet. Bibliographie Alberghina, D. Preliminary study evaluating the effects of functional biting activity sessions on the level of urinary serotonin in problematic dogs. Congrès EVCBMAW, 2021 Arhant, Christine, Rebecca Winkelmann, and Josef Troxler. "Chewing behaviour in dogs–A survey-based exploratory study." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 241 (2021): 105372. Sketchley-Kaye, K., Jenks, R., Miles, C., & Johnson, A. J. (2011). Chewing gum modifies state anxiety and alertness under conditions of social stress. Nutritional Neuroscience, 14(6), 237-242. Wilkinson, L., Scholey, A., & Wesnes, K. (2002). Chewing gum selectively improves aspects of memory in healthy volunteers. Appetite, 38(3), 235-236.

Hunden wird gern nachgesagt, sie „leben immer im Moment, im Hier & Jetzt!“ – aber stimmt das wirklich? Haben sie eine Erinnerung an die Vergangenheit oder eine Vorstellung von der Zukunft? Ob, und wie Hunde sich auf mentale Zeitreise begeben können, wie man das erforschen kann und wie wir das Erinnerungsvermögen unserer Hunde testen und trainieren können, darum geht es in dieser ersten Folge im neuen Jahr. Viel Spaß beim Hören! Studien, Bücher & Film -Link: Hundeforschung Aktuell, Gansloßer & Kitchenham, KOSMOS 2019 Fugazza & Miklosi, 2013: Deffered imitation and declarative memory in domestic dogs; Fugazza et al, 2016: Recall of other´s action after incidental encoding reveals episodic-like memory in dogs; Fugazza, C., A. Moesta, Á. Pogánya, Á. Miklósi (2018): Presence and lasting effect of social referencing in dog puppies. Animal Behaviour. 141: 67-75. Rehn, T., & Keeling, L. J. (2011). The effect of time left alone at home on dog welfare. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 129(2-4), 129-135. BBC Film: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ftr9yY-YuYU&t=30s Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, we chat about measuring the demeanour of the animals you work with and how it can be used to improve animal welfare. Resources/ Further reading:  Andreasen, S. N., Wemelsfelder, F., Sandøe, P., & Forkman, B. (2013). The correlation of Qualitative Behavior Assessments with Welfare Quality® protocol outcomes in on-farm welfare assessment of dairy cattle. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 143(1), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2012.11.013 Brydges, N. M., Leach, M., Nicol, K., Wright, R., & Bateson, M. (2011). Environmental enrichment induces optimistic cognitive bias in rats. Animal Behaviour, 81(1), 169–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.09.030 Walker, J., Dale, A., Waran, N., Clarke, N., Farnworth, M., & Wemelsfelder, F. (2010). The assessment of emotional expression in dogs using a Free Choice Profiling methodology. Animal Welfare (South Mimms, England), 19, 74–84. Wemelsfelder, F. (n.d.). How Animals Communicate Quality of Life: The Qualitative Assessment of Behaviour. 12. Wemelsfelder, F., Hunter, A. E., Paul, E. S., & Lawrence, A. B. (2012). Assessing pig body language: Agreement and consistency between pig farmers, veterinarians, and animal activists1. Journal of Animal Science, 90(10), 3652–3665. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2011-4691

This episode is of interest for everyone on the canine nerd level scale: level 1, 2 and 3! Chrissi talks to their friend and FDSA colleague Sue Yanoff, DVM, about whether the ree-roaming dogs of Latin America or the average western-style pet have a better life: what does the data say? How much facts do we have, and when do we need to rely on opinions? What is a dog's natural environment and behavior, and what, in fact, IS a free-roaming dog ... OR a pet ... in the first place? Along with Chrissi, you'll learn about veterinary practice, and along with Sue, you'll learn about Chrissi's and Game's free-roaming friends. LINKS & RESOURCES For pictures and videos of the two injured free-roamers we discuss, see https://chrissisdogtraining.com/one-wild-and-precious-e7-dog-geekery-pet-dogs-or-free-roaming-dogs-whos-got-it-better/ For a weekly glimpse into the life of free-roamers, subscribe to Chrissi's Free Ranging Dogs Youtube channel. Sue Yanoff, DVM: Sue's bio The webinars by Sue Yanoff and Jessica Hekman ("To spay spay or not to spay, that is the question") ran live on September 22, but may still be available for purchase here if you're quick! I (Chrissi) attended both of them live, and highly recommend both parts! Click here for more info on Sue's canine sports medicine class! It will run again in April 2023 at FDSA (registration opens on May 22, 2023). Get in touch with Chrissi: www.chrissisdogtraining.com chrissi.schranz [at] gmail.com https://www.facebook.com/chrissi.schranz/ https://www.instagram.com/adogisabondbetweenstrangers/ Additional resources: Chrissi's Youtube Channel on Free-Ranging dogs Studies alluded to in this conversation (chronological): Silja Griss, Stefanie Riemer, Charlotte Warembourg, Filipe Maximiano Sousa, Ewaldus Wera, Monica Berger-Gonzalez, Danilo Alvarez, Petrus Malo Bulu, Alexis López Hernández, Pablo Roquel, Salome Dürr, "If they could choose: How would dogs spend their days? Activity patterns in four populations of domestic dogs," Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 243 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105449. Beck, Alan M., "The Ecology of Stray Dogs: A Study of Free-Ranging Urban Animals" (1973). Purdue University Press e-books. Book 3. Paul, M., Sen Majumder, S., Sau, S. et al. "High early life mortality in free-ranging dogs is largely influenced by humans." Sci Rep 6, 19641 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19641

This is a free preview of a paid episode. To hear more, visit news.nathanwinograd.orgThese are some of the stories making headlines in animal protection:Subscribers can also listen to the podcast above, which includes extended commentary on many of the issues, including why temperament testing doesn't work in shelters, why animals are set up to fail, why they get sick, and what science says shelters should be doing to keep dogs and cats happy and healthy. For those who want to skip the news and go straight to the main discussion, it begins at the 26:30 mark.There is also a 15-minute sample of the podcast for those who have not yet subscribed but want to hear what it is like. Sample podcasts are also available on Apple, Spotify, and Google Play.Residents of Waycross, GA, are accusing the city's animal control of mismanagement and dereliction of duty after they killed a mother dog and her four puppies, despite pleas from networkers and rescuers who wanted to save them.According to reports, after killing the mother for snapping (but not making contact) when staff repeatedly prodded her with a pole: Being a Friday afternoon and employees not wanting to bother with bottle feeding puppies, the puppies were also euthanized. This was a senseless tragedy created by unchecked and uncaring employees who couldn't be bothered with extra work or following protocols because they were just there to collect a paycheck.Rescuers had asked city officials not to kill them and arranged to pick them up. Residents are also upset because of “screenshots of text messages” from staff that appeared to be “bragging and laughing about euthanizing animals after collecting a surrender fee.” One of the staff texted, “LOL” and told others that the job entailed “surrender fee and euthanasia.” Although it is no laughing matter and shows a lack of caring, fitness, maturity, and temperament for the job, the staff member subsequently claimed she was ‘joking around' when she said, “stick em all with a needle.”The city is investigating itself.The next time someone says “we all want the same thing” and “no one wants to kill,” tell them about the five dogs killed in Waycross despite rescue groups ready, willing, and able to save them.For those who live in Georgia and want to stop this: The No Kill Advocacy Center has a model rescue rights law that would make it illegal to kill animals when qualified rescue groups are willing to place them, a step-by-step guide to getting it introduced, and NKAC attorneys stand ready to help. As previously reported, a recent study concluded that the breed of a dog tells us how the dog looks, not how they behave. Specifically, the study concluded that “for predicting some dog behaviors, breed is essentially useless, and for most, not very good.” For example, study authors noted that the “defining criteria of a golden retriever are its physical characteristics — the shape of its ears, the color and quality of its fur, its size — not whether it is friendly.” Likewise, the findings “would seem to cast doubt on breed stereotypes of aggressive dogs, like pit bulls.”Now, two studies tell us what shelters should do about it: remove “breed” labels on dogs. Not only does breed not tell us how dogs behave, but shelter workers often misidentify breeds – 50% of dogs labeled “pit bulls” lacked DNA breed signatures of breeds commonly classified as pit bulls. And when it comes to dogs identified as “pit bulls,” perception of breed negatively impacts length of stay and rates of adoption. Consequently, removing these labels allows these dogs to be adopted and adopted more quickly. It also results in a better fit between the family lifestyle and the behavior of the individual dog.Austin, TX, closed its doors to further intakes, saying it is overcrowded despite intakes well below pre-pandemic levels. Austin has been removed from the Saving 95 website that tracks open admission shelters with placement rates between 95% - 100%.Despite this, shelter leadership refuses to fully implement the 2010 No Kill Plan, including having offsite adoptions, a robust partnership with rescue groups, and being open fully on weekends when people are off work and children are out of school and able to visit and adopt. As a result, the Austin Animal Welfare Commission passed a vote of “No Confidence” in shelter leadership earlier this year. Among the findings, the Commission determined that leadership at Austin Animal Center fails:* “To adequately manage or support lifesaving foster and volunteer programs and to engage the willing public to help”;* “To provide adequate services to help reunite or assist taxpayers with lost or found animals”;* “[T]o implement data-driven, best practices to alleviate the ongoing space crisis”;* “[T]o tell the public about or market the ‘long stay' dogs, despite lengths of stay in excess of one year”; and,* “[T]o accept help from or collaborate with Austin animal stakeholders that could provide immediate, free help to solve the problems the shelter is facing.”The Commission also found that shelter leadership alienates “partnership organizations, volunteers, and other stakeholders, which has contributed to shelter overcrowding and lack of volunteer support for shelter pet care and adoptions.”Despite such failures, the shelter is one of the best-funded in the country, with a per capita spending rate of $12 per person. That's over double the national average and 12 times the rate of how much taxpayers were spending when I achieved No Kill as a shelter director. In other words, No Kill hasn't failed in Austin. Austin pound leadership has made the deliberate choice to abandon it. Tragically, while No Kill in Austin deteriorates, Austin Pets Alive is seeking to import animals from other communities despite local animals being threatened and is telling shelters to close their doors to animals in need and leave dogs and cats on the streets, which is what Austin Animal Center is currently doing.Austin's demise should not be surprising. Austin Pets Alive's Human Animal Support Services is a dangerous and growing trend that closes the door of the animal shelter to lost and abandoned animals. Under the APA policy, “Intakes of healthy strays and owner surrenders doesn't exist anymore,” and there is “No kennel space for rehoming, stray hold or intake.” People who find animals are told to take them into their own homes until their families are located or leave them on the street. Because of HASS, animals are being turned away across the country, including motherless neonatal kittens. Some are being subsequently found dead.Now Kristen Hassen, one of the chief architects of that policy and a shelter “consultant,” is making the claim that free-roaming dogs living in Mexico have better lives than American dogs living in homes: “As someone who has run shelters for nearly a decade, I truly believe our model is making dogs mentally and physically unwell.” Science contradicts her.A literature review in Applied Animal Behaviour Science compared the life of the “typical village dog” with the “typical modern suburban or urban dog” to determine which leads to happier and healthier lives. The authors found that the life of village dogs is categorized by “lack of sufficient and adequate food, lack of veterinary care, and human hostility.” Puppy mortality is high (as much as 70%), life expectancy is low (3-4 years, on average), and female dogs face targeted killing (to prevent maternal aggression, mating, and the birth of even more pups).By contrast, [T]he typical modern suburban or urban companion dog experiences good welfare in a number of respects. This is especially the case when it comes to security, satisfaction of nutritional needs (though companion dogs have problems with a high prevalence of obesity), and proper veterinary care.Their average lifespan is north of 10 years.Of course, we can do more to make the lives of village dogs better, including veterinary care, food, and other protection. But these findings should put to bed, once and for all, any romanticization of village dog life.Coming (again) soon! No Kill Sheltering magazine was first published at the founding of The No Kill Advocacy Center almost two decades ago. At the time, No Kill Sheltering offered the only alternative to traditional sheltering practices that sacrificed the lives of animals to expediency, myths about the need to kill, and a failure to innovate.It was discontinued as the number of voices championing the No Kill philosophy and the No Kill Equation multiplied. But given recent efforts to close shelter doors to animals in need and other threats to continued success, The No Kill Advocacy Center is resurrecting No Kill Sheltering. It is needed once again and will be available for all members and supporters.As more people turn to rescue and adoption and more shelters embrace

Pour ce dernier épisode de la saison 1, on voulait vous parler de la peur des bruits forts (feux d'artifice, orages, ...) chez le chien. Quelles solutions existent, comment la gérer ? Bibliographie Blackwell, Emily J., John WS Bradshaw, and Rachel A. Casey. "Fear responses to noises in domestic dogs: Prevalence, risk factors and co-occurrence with other fear related behaviour." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 145.1-2 (2013): 15-25. Riemer, Stefanie. "Effectiveness of treatments for firework fears in dogs." Journal of veterinary behavior 37 (2020): 61-70.

Dans cet épisode, on explore la notion de tempérament chez nos 3 espèces de prédilection chez Véthologie : le chien, le chat et le cheval. Le tempérament, ce sont les caractéristiques d'un individu qui permettent de prédire la façon dont il va se comporter face à une situation donnée. C'est une notion importante en médecine du comportement car, pour une relation humain/animal de bonne qualité, il est essentiel de choisir un animal dont le tempérament correspond à l'environnement de vie qu'on lui propose. Sinon, on peut aller droit dans le mur... Les liens si vous voulez tester le tempérament votre animal préféré ! chien : le C-BARQ --> https://vetapps.vet.upenn.edu/cbarq/ chat : le Fe-BARQ --> http://www.febarq.org cheval : l'E-BARQ --> https://www.e-barq.org Bibliographie : Lansade Léa, Philippon Pascaline, Hervé Lucile, Vidament Marianne (2016) : Development Of Personality Tests To Use In The Field, Stable Over Time And Across Situations, And Linked To Horses' Show Jumping Performance. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 176(), 43–51. Doi :10.1016/J. Applanim.2016.01.005 Fauchère, G. (2021) : Tests De Tempérament Chez Les Animaux Domestiques : Revue Bibliographique Et Applications À La Relation Humain-Animal (Doctoral Dissertation).

Dans cet épisode, on parle de ces chats qui réclament une caresse puis qui mordent... Mais, au fait est-ce qu'ils réclamaient vraiment une caresse ou une autre forme d'interaction avec l'humain ? Comment les chats communiquent-ils leur état émotionnel à un instant donné ? Comment savoir s'ils ont envie d'être caressés ? On vous laisse découvrir la suite dans le podcast ! La publication à laquelle on fait référence dans l'épisode : O'Hanley, K. A., Pearl, D. L., & Niel, L. (2021). Risk factors for aggression in adult cats that were fostered through a shelter program as kittens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 236, 105251. Mais d'autres études plus anciennes sont arrivées à la même conclusion sur le fait que la punition est un facteur de risque d'agression chez le chat.

Hinter dem 16. Türchen unseres Dog about Life Adventsspecials versteckt sich eine Folge zum Thema Stress. Anna erklärt warum Stress biologisch gesehen sehr sinnvoll ist, was eine Stressreaktion im Körper macht und welche Reaktionen unsere Hunde in einer stressigen Situation zeigen können. Natürlich sprechen wir auch wieder über Möglichkeiten, das Wissen in eurem Alltag und Training umzusetzen bzw. auf was ihr achten solltet. Hört rein! Quellen:|| Kontakt:dogaboutlife@gmail.com|| Instagram: @dogaboutlifePatrizia: @fuxliebe Alice: @minniefairytailAnna: @loewenpfoten|| Logo Credits:Katleen Ackers https://katleenackers.de/|| Music Credits:Music from https://www.zapsplat.com|| Quellen:||Dr. Gansloßer, Udo. (2020). Verhaltensbiologie für Hundetrainer. Stuttgart: Franckh-Kosmos Verlags GmbH & Co KG.||Kuhne, Franziska. (2011). Grundlagen des Angst- und Stressverhaltens der verschiedenen Tierarten. In: LBH: Proceedings 6. Leipziger Tierärztekongress – Tagungsband 1. 215ff.||https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cbersprungbewegung, abgerufen am 15.12.2021||Broom, D.M. (2001). Coping, Stress and Welfare. 1-10. In: Broom, D.M. (ed.). Coping with Challenge. Dahlem Uni. Press, Berlin.||Horvath, Z., Igyarto, Z.A., Magyar, A. & Miklosi, A. (2007). Three different coping styles in police dogs exposed to a short term challenge. Horm. Behav. 52. 621-630.||Beerda, B. et al. (1998). Behavioural, saliva cortisol and heart rate responses to different types of stimuli in dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 58 (3-4). 365-381.||del Amo, Celina., & Theby, Viviane. (2011). Handbuch für Hundetrainer. 4. Auflage. Stuttgart: Eugen Ulmer KG.

Researchers at Dalhousie University have surveyed 165 owners from around the world about their dogs to discover how many words their pets respond to. Dr. Sophie Jacques is an associate professor in the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience. She teamed up with a colleague who also is a dog trainer. Their recent report was published in Applied Animal Behaviour Science and it identifies which breeds are more receptive and what influences outcomes. Why does this matter? As a child psychologist, Dr. Jacques is interested in the similarities and difference between vocabulary growth in babies and dogs. And she says it could help in training service animals, something that could cost upwards of $30-thousand.

Viele träumen davon, wenige erreichen es: dass der Hund immer kommt, wenn man ihn ruft. Doch wie lautet das Geheimrezept für einen sicheren Rückruf und wie baue ich das „Komm-Training“ richtig auf? Warum Spaß beim Üben der Schlüssel für ein fröhliches Rennen zu uns ist, warum es so wichtig ist, nur dann zu rufen, wenn es fair für den Hund ist UND wir das Kommen auch wirklich durchsetzen können und warum Hunde nach dem braven Kommen gleich wieder loslaufen dürfen sollten – das alles besprechen Madita und Kate in dieser neuen Folge.Bücher & StudienKitchenham, 2018: „Hunde“, KOSMOS (mit Rückruftraining); Spielekiste für Hunde (2015), KOSMSO (mit vielen spannenden Ideen für noch mehr Freude beim Zurückkommen). Vieira de Castroa, Anna Catharina, et al, 2019: Carrots versus sticks: The relationship between training methods and dogowner attachment. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 219 (2019) 104831Unsere allgemeinen Datenschutzrichtlinien finden Sie unter https://art19.com/privacy. Die Datenschutzrichtlinien für Kalifornien sind unter https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info abrufbar. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

In this episode, guest host Dr. Julia Herman, an AABP member on staff at National Cattleman's Beef Association, a contractor to the Beef Check-Off, and the chair of the AABP Animal Welfare Committee, is joined by Dr. Lily Edwards-Callaway to discuss cattle well-being. Dr. Herman works with the Beef Quality Assurance program. Dr. Edwards-Callaway is an associate professor at Colorado State University and studies livestock behavior and welfare. She gives a broad definition of animal welfare as looking at both the physical and mental state of the animal. They discuss the five freedoms that are necessary for good welfare programs and the limitations of them. One such limitation is the fact that we need to evaluate the mental state of the animal and the addition of supporting positive experiences for the animal. Too often we evaluate welfare by counting negative experiences versus supporting and advancing positive experiences. Examples discussed include social opportunities such as socially housed dairy calves, measuring playing behavior, providing enrichment opportunities such as cow brushes or balls, and providing rewarding human-animal interaction such as low-stress cattle handling.  Dr. Edwards-Callaway also discusses Fraser's three circles of animal welfare and how they overlap. These circles are biological functioning, effective states, and natural living. This allows us to let the cow tell us what animal welfare means to them and what is important to them. Improving animal welfare is a team effort that requires the veterinarian, producer, employees, nutritionist, and others to work together and listen to what the cow is telling us. Veterinarians play a critical role in leading this discussion for on-farm implementation of good animal welfare practices. They advise veterinarians to be open to conversations from the public about animal welfare because when someone asks us a question it does not mean they are questioning what we do.  Relevant links:1.       AABP Animal Welfare Committee page2.       Fraser, D. Understanding animal welfare. Acta Vet Scand 50, S1 (2008). 3.       Stockmanship and Stewardship Virtual Event.4.       Beef Quality Assurance Program5.       World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Terrestrial Animal Health Code6.       AVMA Animal Health and Welfare 7.       Kirkden, R. D., & Pajor, E. A. (2006). Using preference, motivation and aversion tests to ask scientific questions about animals' feelings. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 100(1-2), 29-47.   

From traditional body lotions, soaps, and household cleaning products to cheeses, butters, and veggie burgers, coconuts and their various derivatives (including coconut water, coconut oil, and coconut milk) are everywhere. Coconut-based ingredients can be found in almost all shampoos and conditioners, most cosmetics and household products, and many foods. They are especially prevalent in vegan foods. In 2020, the number of plant-based products increased 14% over the previous year. Growth of meat alternatives “is projected to increase from $4.6 billion in 2018 to a whopping $85 billion in 2030,” but that will pale in comparison to dairy alternatives, which are “estimated to dominate the overall plant-based products market.”Driving this growth is concern about animal cruelty. Yet in an ironic tragedy, the majority of new vegan foods contain coconut-derived ingredients, substituting one form of animal cruelty for another as the majority of coconuts sold across the world come from countries like Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia, where they are picked by primates.Agile and adept climbers, pig-tailed macaques are acquired as infants by farmers. They are chained at the neck and trained to climb trees to pick coconuts. They are beaten regularly, worked to exhaustion, fed non-nutritious food, and deprived of socialization with their kind. They suffer from PTSD and frequently engage in self-mutilating behavior. When they become old and outlive their usefulness — suffering from mental illness, missing teeth, and unable to forage for food or protect themselves from predators — they are left in the wild to die.My wife and I first found out about this industry of abuse almost 10 years ago. We were doing research for one of our cookbooks that included a discussion of a similar issue: how animals are harmed in the production of palm oil. Rainforests are frequently clear-cut to make way for palm plantations, leading to habitat loss for Asian elephants, tigers, rhinoceroses, and orangutans. But even worse is the fate suffered by those animals who are found eating palm fruit on these plantations. They are shot, beaten to death, and even set on fire.Our solution was to replace palm oil with coconut oil in all our recipes. But first we did our due diligence to see whether coconut production was any better. Unfortunately, we could find little information about animal welfare practices. Not a single animal rights or animal protection group in the U.S. was addressing this issue — perhaps out of ignorance or perhaps because coconuts are so central to contemporary plant-based foods. There were no articles about it in mainstream publications, either.Through painstaking research, we started to uncover evidence of horrible abuse far worse than anything we had previously imagined. We started writing about it on social media, in blogs, in our newly published cookbook, and, eventually, in an article for The Huffington Post.After that well-circulated article, others began to notice, including mainstream news publications like The Washington Post, NPR, and the BBC. Eventually, this led to public figures speaking out on the issue; the boycott of Thailand coconut products by companies such as Costco; and the recent study by a team headed by an Oxford researcher.When we first found out about the issue, we wrote to companies to ask about the harvesting of the coconuts used in their products. We were naive. Instead of asking them what country they sourced their coconuts from, we asked them if their suppliers used primate labor. Almost every company we reached out to claimed they were primate-labor free — except a few, such as Beyond Meat, that simply ignored our requests or told us it was “proprietary information.” But since many of these companies sourced from countries like Thailand, the confident, casual assurances were dubious. Coconut industry spokesmen admit that such a claim is “hard to believe” given the prevalence of monkey labor in these countries, where macaques pick upwards of “99 percent of the Thai coconuts.”Thankfully, others are not being naive either. When Costco announced they “do not support the use of monkeys for harvesting” and will, therefore, no longer sell coconut products from Thailand, they too rejected vague assurances of compliance, opting for onsite review of supplier farms.In response, some farmers have been forced to admit that they do use primate labor, but claim that the macaques are treated well. “It is always relaxed, no shouting, no punishing,” said one monkey trainer. “Every few trees the monkey hugs his owner… and the monkey gets a massage. Outside working hours the monkeys are kept as a pet…” Of course, this is a lie.The new study in the Journal of Applied Animal Behaviour Science — conducted onsite in Thailand — proves it.The authors of the study found that, “Coconut harvesting using northern and southern pig-tailed macaques occurs throughout Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia” even though both species are “globally threatened, with decreasing populations.” The macaques are taken from the wild when very young in one of two ways: “by either baiting a wooden box or shooting the mother.” All the macaques are trained by “punishment using tight leashes and whips.” They are worked as much as eight hours every day to the point “of exhaustion” during which “they harvest between 500 and 1000 coconuts.” Their diet “was comprised mostly of inappropriate processed foods.”Roughly 90% of them showed fear and distress just from being observed by the researchers. “A majority of macaques showed signs of abnormal repetitive behavior” including “pacing,” “self-biting,” “self-clasping,” “hair-plucking,” “self-masterbating,” and “repetitively back-flipping.”This extreme fear, manifesting as aggression, is dealt with by “yanking the leash,” “shouting commands,” as well as “physically beating” them repeatedly. Researchers “did not observe a single case of positive reinforcement (reinforcing desirable behaviours by administering rewards).”To prevent biting, some farmers pull out the macaques' canine teeth. Although the study did not go into the exact process of teeth removal, generally, monkeys caught for human use such as in the pet trade have their teeth pulled out with pliers or nail clippers without anesthesia.Not surprisingly, the macaques had “extremely poor welfare,” “no behaviours directly indicating a positive mental state were observed,” and many suffered from “mental illness symptoms including PTSD.”When not working, not a single macaque was “provided with enrichment” and 99% of them “were tethered on a leash consisting of a metal ring around the neck with either a rope or chain attached that allowed limited movement.” Leashes were short, less than three feet, and none were allowed socialization or contact with their fellow primates:For highly social animals like pig-tailed macaques, the absence of normal social interactions during infancy (i.e. grooming, play, and asserting/accepting dominance displays) often leads to an increase in self-directed aggression, aggression directed towards others, and the inability to behave normally in social situations. Depriving young macaques of social interactions during this critical learning period inhibits the development of skills necessary to survive independently.And yet when they get older and are no longer efficient at picking coconuts, they are abandoned in the wild, even though they do not know how to take care of themselves or to forage for food and may be missing canine teeth they need both to defend themselves from predators and to eat natural foods. They are simply left to starve.It is, in a word, slavery.The study, “Assessing the welfare of coconut-harvesting macaques in Thailand,” is here.For more information, what you can do, and a list of common but obscure coconut ingredient names such as cocamidopropyl betaine and vegetable glycerine, click here. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit news.nathanwinograd.org/subscribe

Authorities found these conditions at an AKC “Breeder of Merit” only eight days after an AKC inspection found “everything was up to par.” The “Breeder of Merit” was charged with cruelty. If you believe the article in Axios, by Jennifer Kingson, America is in the grip of a great dog shortage. “Demand for pet dogs is far outstripping supply,” she writes, “and the imbalance is expected to worsen.” The way Kingson tells it: millions of Americans want to get a dog but can't find one. Unless we take action, millions more will face the same problem. But what action should we take?According to Kingson, even though dogs are being killed in animal shelters, Americans can't adopt more because shelters lack adoptable dogs. “Today,” she says, “it is primarily sick or dangerous dogs that are euthanized — and when you ‘rescue' a dog from a shelter, the animal may simply be a foreign import that was brought to the U.S. to slake demand.” To Kingson, these foreign-born dogs are also dangerous. Even though millions of them are in need of homes, the U.S. government shouldn't allow dogs to be brought here, she says, for fear of importing rabies along with them. The only option, Kingson concludes, is to expand commercial breeding. The problem, she says, is that “While shady ‘puppy mills' do exist, most domestic breeders are highly ethical but are being squeezed by state and local laws that limit conditions for breeding dogs.”It's a crisis of epic proportions — at least according to the puppy breeders and industry lobbyists Kingson relies on to make her case. These include:* Mark Cushing, a lobbyist for industries that profit off animals, including pet food companies;* Sheila Goffe, a lobbyist for the American Kennel Club (AKC), an organization which profits from breeding; and,* Patti Strand, “who has bred dalmations for 52 years.”But what would we find if we ignored the self-appointed, financially-interested breeding proponents Kingson spoke to and instead looked at the evidence for ourselves? Is it dangerous to adopt dogs from shelters? Is it dangerous to rescue dogs from abroad? Is it ethical to breed dogs by the millions?Despite the fear-mongering, what the evidence shows is that rescue and shelter dogs can meet demand, that these dogs are dying for homes and represent a clarion call upon our conscience, and that the vast majority are healthy, friendly, and pose no threat. We don't need to factory farm dogs on a commercial scale.The sky is in no danger of falling. The vast majority of shelter dogs are healthy, friendly, and do not pose a threatAlthough there are dogs dying in animal shelters, Kingson claims that we cannot adopt more because, “it is primarily sick or dangerous dogs that are [killed].” This is misleading.It is true that in the past two decades, shelters that have fully invested in lifesaving by comprehensively implementing the programs and services of the No Kill Equation, have achieved placement rates greater than 95% and as high as 99%. Collectively, these achievements have helped lead to a decline in killing nationwide of 90% from its high water mark in the 1970s. It has been called “the single biggest success of the modern animal protection movement.” But we have not yet achieved a No Kill nation.To the contrary, shelters across the U.S. are complaining about the need for more adopters, with a coalition in South Carolina declaring a “state of emergency.” A spokesperson put it in stark terms: “The lives of thousands of animals in shelters across South Carolina are at stake.” We've made tremendous progress to be sure, but one million dogs or more are still being killed. These dogs are neither sick nor dangerous. They are young: the average age is two years old. Most are healthy. And they are friendly. In short, it is premature to declare victory. The vast majority of rescue dogs are healthy, friendly, and do not pose a threat; some need a little extra TLCTo make the claim that dogs from abroad represent a profound threat to human health, Kingson points to the temporary ban by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) on allowing dogs into the U.S. from 113 countries. She claims that the ban was necessary because “rabies and other diseases that can jump from dogs to humans are cropping up in places where they were all but eradicated.” This is also misleading.While the CDC did enact a temporary one-year ban on dogs arriving from certain countries, it did so in response to what it found was a rise in the number of false rabies certificates. The number of false certificates, however, represented only 0.05% of the total and the CDC did not identify an increase in dog-to-human rabies transmission, with only 1-3 human rabies cases per year. Historically, 90% of these cases are wildlife related. The ban also only impacts 6% of dogs arriving from other countries. The risk, to put it mildly, is minimal. And better screening at the border, rather than a ban, provides a way to minimize it even further without sacrificing dogs abroad or, as we shall see, increasing their abuse at home through commercial breeding. This has life and death consequences — and emotional ones. “Several soldiers said the [‘heartbreaking'] ban… will most likely force them to say goodbye to the dogs they formed bonds with on deployment — dogs like Pepper, who was skin and bones when she was found three months ago by a U.S. soldier on patrol in Jordan.” Said the soldier: “I want nothing more than to bring her home and show her a better life.” The ban is also hurting street dogs, like Pihu “who had suffered spinal injuries and infections so bad that both hind legs had to be amputated,” but is now living and thriving in the U.S. with the American tourist who brought her home and treated her. And it is threatening dogs from the meat trade, who face being eaten if not saved by rescue groups and adopted to families in the United States. None of this appears to move Kingson who paints a picture of unwelcome dog “immigration” from undesirable countries and, in referring to them as “foreign imports,” reduces them to objects unworthy of moral consideration. It smacks — if you'll pardon the pun — of ‘dog whistling.' Thankfully, the American public is not taking the bait as there does not seem to be any group in favor of the ban, with the exception of the AKC. Because of broad public support for rescuing these dogs, the House of Representatives recently passed an amendment to a spending bill that would give “the CDC capacity for a rabies screening program to protect dogs in America while allowing for the importation of dogs stranded abroad.” The broadly bipartisan bill cleared the House on a voice vote and is expected to pass in the Senate.There is no principled distinction between puppy mills and commercial breeders Kingson's final claim that, “While shady ‘puppy mills' do exist, most domestic breeders are highly ethical,” is as false as the others. It also comes from the AKC. How ethical are AKC certified breeders? Despite certifying hundreds of thousands of breeders, including designating thousands of those as “the most conscientious and most committed breeders,” the AKC did not inspect upwards of 95% of them. Based on information provided by the AKC itself, The Canine Review found that there are only 10 inspectors for nearly 140,000 “certified” breeders. Given so few inspectors, over 130,000 “would never be inspected at all.” The Canine Review also found that, “Even when the AKC does inspect a breeder, its skeletal team often misses or overlooks obvious signs of neglect or abuse…”  In one instance, dogs were living in such filth, such dire — indeed, criminal — conditions that the “AKC Breeder of Merit… was arrested and charged with animal cruelty.” Her arrest came “only eight days after an AKC inspector visited the breeder's property and issued a report saying everything was up to par.”Kingson wants us to believe that there is a difference between “puppy mills” and commercial breeders, but the evidence compels otherwise. Dogs and puppies are not commodities. At the very least, they shouldn't be. They are sentient beings who, most Americans agree, are entitled to protection. Commercial breeding, by contrast, treats dogs as factory parts. Not surprisingly, they tend toward abuse. As a study in the Journal of Applied Animal Behaviour Science found, “Common to virtually all [Commercial Breeding Enterprises] CBEs are the following: large numbers of dogs;… housing dogs in or near the minimum space permitted by law; housing breeding dogs for their entire reproductive lives — in most cases, years — in their cages or runs; dogs rarely if ever permitted out of their primary enclosures for exercise or play; absence of toys or other forms of enrichment; minimal to no positive human interaction or companionship; and minimal to no health care.”Because of the trauma they experience at the facilities, former breeding dogs exhibited more fear, nervousness, health problems, compulsive behaviors, house soiling, and sensitivity to touch compared to shelter dogs. In some cases, significantly more. Many of these dogs experience “regular and often persistent fear or anxiety, even after years in their adoptive households.” Not only do one in four former breeding dogs have significant health problems, many of them are psychologically and emotionally shut down, compulsively staring at nothing.And their offspring also suffer. A subsequent study found that puppies “sold through pet stores and/or born in high-volume, commercial breeding establishments (CBE) show an increased number of problem behaviors as adults.” For example, puppies bought in pet stores were:* More than twice as likely to be aggressive compared to those adopted from shelters;* More likely to develop social fears (of strangers, children, and other dogs) than from all other sources;* More likely to be separated from their mothers at a young age leading to a four-fold increase in destructive behaviors;* More excitable, less trainable, had increased separation-related behaviors, escape behavior, and sensitivity to being touched; and,* More likely to house soil.In layman's terms, commercial breeders engage in systematic mistreatment, causing severe emotional scars that last for generations. They are all puppy mills. Where do we go from here?Instead of more commercial breeding, we must expand our efforts to educate the public about puppy mills, the physical deformities or defects that result from inbreeding, how breeding animals for their appearance leads to phenotypes that cause shorter, harder lives, and the immorality of turning animals into factory cogs. We must also expand our efforts to educate the public about the unscientific nature of discriminating against dogs on the basis of alleged “breed,” the false view of shelter and rescued animals as damaged, and the equally false view that purposely-bred animals are more “predictable” and make “better” family pets.We must continue to pass bans on the retail sale of commercially-bred animals in pet stores, as has been done in five states and about 400 cities nationwide. Passing a complete ban on commercial breeding may not be politically possible at this time in history — after all, the industry remains wealthy and well-connected with lobbyists in the halls of power and journalists like Kingson spreading misinformation on their behalf. For now, we must regulate commercial breeding as much as possible by setting limits on the number of breeding females; creating dog-generous housing; making veterinary care, exercise, play, and socialization mandatory; and ensuring cruelty laws apply and are robustly enforced. This should include one-strike rules that cause breeders to lose their licenses for serious offenses.Our society is on a rapid, positive trend away from the exploitation of dogs. One of the most exciting manifestations of this is the decline in pound killing. Fewer people are buying animals and overall adoption rates are increasing. Of the $72.5 billion spent on caring for animals in 2018, the amount spent to purchase animals actually declined by 4.3% and is now “the smallest area of total pet industry spend[ing].” When it comes to adding a new animal to their household, more people are “turning to shelters and rescues.” While Kingson and her industry sources see this as a crisis, it is evidence that we are succeeding. This is what the animal protection movement wanted to happen. We need to nurture and expand this, at the same time that we force shelters to embrace progressive practices, like the No Kill Equation, in order to increase adoption and reduce killing even further. Doing so will create a more compassionate and just world for dogs.If we do all that — when we do all that — when all 50 U.S. states are No Kill, when its districts and territories are No Kill, when neighboring countries and then the rest of the world is No Kill, if there is still a clamor for more dogs to love and share our homes with — when that day comes, we can have a discussion about how to ethically respond. But as long as dogs are dying, regardless of why they are dying or where they are dying, adoption and rescue remain ethical imperatives — and they should probably be legal mandates, too. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit news.nathanwinograd.org/subscribe

In Podcast Episode #1079, Marc Abrahams shows an unfamiliar research study to psycholinguist Jean Berko Gleason. Dramatic readings and reactions ensue. Remember, our Patreon donors, on most levels, get access to each podcast episode before it is made public. Jean Berko Gleason encounters: "Cats Prefer Species-Appropriate Music," Charles T. Snowdon, David Teie, and Megan Savage, Applied Animal Behaviour Science, vol. 166, 2015, pp. 106-111. Seth Gliksman, Production Assistant --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/improbableresearch/support

Research Reference: C.M. Mejdell, K.E. Bøe, G.H. Jørgensen (2020). Caring for the horse in a cold climate—reviewing principles for thermoregulation and horse preferences. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 231. Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159120301593 --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/nancy-mclean/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/nancy-mclean/support

What is spontaneous potential? It's an inexpensive technique to learn even more about the porosity, composition, and permeability of rock and soil. Fun Paper Friday Does your cat sit in boxes? Turns out, there's proof of why and that a cat's visual perception is quite sophisticated. Smith, Gabriella E., Philippe A. Chouinard, and Sarah-Elizabeth Byosiere. "If I fits I sits: A citizen science investigation into illusory contour susceptibility in domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus)." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 240 (2021): 105338. (https://www.gwern.net/docs/catnip/2021-smith.pdf) Contact us: Show Support us on Patreon! (https://www.patreon.com/dontpanicgeo) www.dontpanicgeocast.com (http://www.dontpanicgeocast.com) SWUNG Slack (https://softwareunderground.org) @dontpanicgeo (https://twitter.com/dontpanicgeo) show@dontpanicgeocast.com John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com (http://www.johnrleeman.com) - @geo_leeman (https://twitter.com/geo_leeman) Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin (https://twitter.com/ShannonDulin)

Learn how mushrooms are more like humans than plants; why your tongue isn’t a muscle; and ferret-training robot badgers. Mushrooms are more like humans than plants by Grant Currin More from this author. (2016, January 12). How Are Mushrooms More Similar to Humans than Plants?» Science ABC. Science ABC. https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/how-are-mushrooms-more-similar-to-humans-than-plants.html  Inglis-Arkell, E. (2012, September 7). Why are mushrooms more like humans than they are like plants? io9. https://io9.gizmodo.com/why-are-mushrooms-more-like-humans-than-they-are-like-p-5940434  Steenkamp, E. T., Wright, J., & Baldauf, S. L. (2005). The Protistan Origins of Animals and Fungi. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 23(1), 93–106. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msj011  Baldauf, S. L., & Palmer, J. D. (1993). Animals and fungi are each other’s closest relatives: congruent evidence from multiple proteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 90(24), 11558–11562. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.24.11558 ‌ Burki, F., Roger, A. J., Brown, M. W., & Simpson, A. G. B. (2020). The New Tree of Eukaryotes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 35(1), 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2019.08.008  Why do people say the tongue is the strongest muscle in the body? by Ashley Hamer (Listener question from Dave) Julia Calderone,Ben Fogelson. (2014, August 15). Fact or Fiction?: The Tongue Is the Strongest Muscle in the Body. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/fact-or-fiction-the-tongue-is-the-strongest-muscle-in-the-body/  ‌Katherine Harmon Courage. (2014, January 10). Octopus Arms, Human Tongues Intertwine for Science. Scientific American Blog Network. https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/octopus-chronicles/octopus-arms-human-tongues-intertwine-for-science/  The Tongue - Muscles - Innervation - Vasculature - TeachMeAnatomy. (2015). Teachmeanatomy.info. https://teachmeanatomy.info/head/muscles/tongue/  Wildlife conservationists tried to train black-footed ferrets with robots by Cameron Duke Andrews, R. M. (1989, August 26). “Robo-Badger” Is Scary, But Do Friendly Ferrets Think So? AP NEWS; Associated Press. https://apnews.com/article/3f45b4ae40266310acf8e4fffc70f01a  Biggins, D. E., Vargas, A., Godbey, J. L., & Anderson, S. H. (1999). Influence of prerelease experience on reintroduced black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes). Biological Conservation, 89(2), 121–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(98)00158-x  Edwards, M. C., Ford, C., Hoy, J. M., FitzGibbon, S., & Murray, P. J. (2021). How to train your wildlife: A review of predator avoidance training. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 234, 105170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2020.105170  Heim, M. (2011, February). Survival Training, Ferret Style. Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/survival-training-ferret-style-32562/  Saving the Black-footed Ferret. (2021). Biologicaldiversity.org. https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/mammals/black-footed_ferret/index.html  Follow Curiosity Daily on your favorite podcast app to learn something new every day withCody Gough andAshley Hamer — for free! See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Research Reference: Lundberg Paulina, Hartmann Elke, Roth Lina S.V. (2020). Does training style affect the human-horse relationship? Asking the horse in a separation–reunion experiment with the owner and a stranger. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 233, December. Link to Research Paper: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016815912030232X?via%3Dihub Link to Daily Mail Article: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-8909547/Horses-DONT-form-attachment-bonds-owners-study-finds.html --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/nancy-mclean/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/nancy-mclean/support

You're listening to the December episode of 3 Minute 3Rs.The papers behind the pod:1. Protective cranial implant caps for macaques. Journal of Neuroscience Methods https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.1089922. The ‘Cage Climber' – A new enrichment for use in large-dimensioned mouse facilities. Applied Animal Behaviour Science https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2020.1050783. Skin swabbing is a refined technique to collect DNA from model fish species. Scientific Reports https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-75304-1Transcript: It's the 3rd Thursday of December and you're listening to 3 Minute 3Rs, your monthly recap of efforts to replace, reduce, and refine the use of animals in research. For the last episode of 2020, we're focusing on refinements for three different animals. Let's start big.[NC3Rs]Measuring the electrical activity of neurons during sensory or motor activities can reveal how the brain works.Macaques are often used in these studies as their brains most closely resemble those of humans. Devices to access the brain and to fix the head for stable electrophysical recordings are surgically implanted under general anaesthesia. These implants are designed to integrate with the skull however the surgical wound can be slow to heal. The animals are also prone to picking at the sutures increasing the likelihood of infection.A new paper published in Journal of Neuroscience Methods from technical and research staff at the University of Oxford and Newcastle University details how a protective cap can be used to promote wound healing. The plastic cap is adjustable to cover most primate cranial implants and can be affixed whilst the animal is under anaesthetic. Across the two facilities, the protective head cap reduced wound opening, the need to re-suture and the length of time animals needed to be administered analgesia and antibiotics.You can find out more about the cranial caps by following the link in the description.Next, a refinement for mice: [NA3RsC]Proper enrichment of mice in their home cages is important to decrease mouse stress, reduce stereotypic behaviors, and improve well-being. When developing new enrichments it's important to ensure they benefit both males & females and do not have unintended experimental effects or increase data variability.A new paper in Applied Animal Behavior Science describes the development and testing of a new enrichment made from recycled cage lids. Results showed that naive mice were extremely interested in these enrichments. Furthermore in a test battery assessing locomotion, anxiety, sociability, and stress physiology there was no impact on data results or variability. Furthermore, the enrichments reduced aggression.Ultimately the authors recommend the use of structural enrichments and nesting material to satisfy mouse physical and thermal needs. To find out more, read the full paper online.[Lab Animal]And finally, let's not forget about our fish. When a zebrafish or stickleback needs to be genotyped, that's usually accomplished via fin clipping. But, a growing body of literature suggests that fish might not be too fond of being removed from their tanks and waking up some time later with a small bit of their caudal fin missing. The tissue grows back, but studies have shown increases in cortisol and anxiety-like behavior in fin clipped fish, which may affect their welfare and the scientific results obtained with them.A new study led by William Norton at... See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

In this podcast we hear from [Dr Simon Turner](https://www.sruc.ac.uk/sturner) of SRUC Dr Turner did a roadshow on cattle handling systems on Common Grazings in Lewis, Uist and Skye. Listen to Janette Sutherland interview him about his experiences and give top tips. Dr Turner mentions a paper on cow hair whorls and temperament here is more information We measured temperament on 76 steers and heifers using restlessness in the crush and flight speed from the crush and we recorded hair whorl position in terms of high, middle, low and absent with respect to their location between the crown and nostrils. Olmos, G. and Turner, S. (2008). The relationships between temperament during routine handling tasks, weight gain and facial hair whorl position in frequently handled beef cattle. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 115(1-2), pp.25-36.. Those with high whorl positions (closer to the crown) were more restless in the crush than other cattle. No difference in flight speed was seen between cattle with different whorl positions and they also didn’t differ in weight gain. Several other studies have looked into this issue and also found that a higher whorl position is associated with greater flightiness. Hair patterning can be influenced by cranial development, but, apart from this, we do not know the biological reasons underlying why there might be this link between temperament and whorl position.   

Thanks to 23andMe for sponsoring this video! http://www.23andme.com/minuteearth When we domesticate an animal species, their brains shrink and they freak out less. Thanks also to our supporters on ___________________________________________ To learn more, start your googling with these keywords: Domesticated animal: a species of animal bred by humans over generations to become nonreactive and gain characteristics suitable for life as a farm animal or pet Tame animal: an individual animal raised in a way that it has become less dangerous and frightened of people Feral animal: an animal that escapes from captivity or domestication (& regains some similar & some different characteristics compared to its pre-domesticated state) "Fight or flight": an instinctive physiological response to a threatening situation that readies a creature to either to resist forcibly or escape Limbic system: the brain’s “panic button” - a system of nerves and networks near the bottom of the cortex that controls basic emotions (e.g. fear, pleasure, anger) and drives (e.g. hunger, sex, dominance) Telencephalon: the most developed and anterior part of the forebrain, consisting chiefly of the cerebral hemispheres, and the brain region that shrinks most in domesticated animals Domestication: a sustained multigenerational, mutualistic relationship in which one species (e.g. humans) assumes a significant degree of influence over the reproduction and care of another species (e.g. cows) in order to secure a more predictable supply of a resource of interest (e.g. milk/meat/traction), and through which the domesticated organisms gain advantage over individuals that remain outside this relationship (e.g. aurochs, which went extinct), thereby benefitting and often increasing the fitness of both species involved ___________________________________________ If you liked this week’s video, you might also like: Brain Scoop video on brain size and intelligence: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJW8jIDfP9E Russian Fox Domestication Experiment: https://goo.gl/5nWnXz What happens to domesticated animals & their brains when they escape back to the wild?: http://www.nature.com/news/when-chickens-go-wild-1.19195#/free%5C _________________________________________ Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: http://goo.gl/EpIDGd Support us on Patreon: https://goo.gl/ZVgLQZ And visit our website: https://www.minuteearth.com/ Say hello on Facebook: http://goo.gl/FpAvo6 And Twitter: http://goo.gl/Y1aWVC And download our videos on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n ___________________________________________ Credits (and Twitter handles): Script Writer: Alex Reich (@alexhreich) Script Editor: Emily Elert (@eelert) Video Illustrator: Keenan Parry & Ever Salazar (@unpuntocircular) Video Director: Emily Elert (@eelert) Video Narrator: Emily Elert (@eelert) With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Kate Yoshida, Ever Salazar, Peter Reich, David Goldenberg Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder ___________________________________________ References: Agnvall, B. et al. 2017. Is evolution of domestication driven by tameness? A selective review with focus on chickens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2017.09.006 Eberhard, W. G., & Wcislo, W. T. 2011. Grade changes in brain-body allometry: morphological and behavioural correlates of brain size in miniature spiders, insects and other invertebrates. Advances in Insect Physiology, 40, 155. http://www.stri.si.edu/sites/publications/PDFs/2011_Eberhard_Wcislo_AdvIns_Physiol.pdf Kruska, D. C. 2005. On the evolutionary significance of encephalization in some eutherian mammals: effects of adaptive radiation, domestication, and feralization. Brain, behavior and evolution, 65(2), 73-108. https://goo.gl/J86NEd Kruska, D. C. Personal Communication, Oct 2017. Marchetti, M. P., & Nevitt, G. A. 2003. Effects of hatchery rearing on brain structures of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Environmental biology of Fishes, 66(1), 9-14. https://goo.gl/GL6LWG Marchetti, M. Personal Communication, Oct 2017. Wright, D. Personal Communication, Oct 2017. Zeder, M. A. 2012. Pathways to animal domestication. Biodiversity in agriculture: Domestication, evolution and sustainability, 227-259. https://goo.gl/2xWSB8 Zeder, M. A. 2015. Core questions in domestication research. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(11), 3191-3198. http://www.pnas.org/content/112/11/3191.full Zeder, M. A. Personal Communication, Oct 2017.

The Golden Mantella frog is the subject of this fortnights episode. Starting with a little bit about how they live in the wilds of Madagascar; followed by the larger portion of the podcast looking at a couple of the studies that have come out of the captive breeding initiatives. Species of the Bi-week returns, and features a couple of newly described frogs from Papua New Guinea. FULL REFERENCE LIST AVAILABLE AT: herphighlights.podbean.com   Main Paper References: Passos, Luiza Figueiredo, Gerardo Garcia, and Robert John Young. 2017. “The Tonic Immobility Test: Do Wild and Captive Golden Mantella Frogs (Mantella Aurantiaca) Have the Same Response ?” PLoS ONE 12 (7): e0181972. OPEN ACCESS Passos, Luiza Figueiredo, Gerardo Garcia, and Robert John Young. 2017. “Neglecting the Call of the Wild : Captive Frogs like the Sound of Their Own Voice.” PLoS ONE 12 (7): 1–11. OPEN ACCESS Woodhead, C., Vences, M., Vieites, D.R., Gamboni, I., Fisher, B.L. and Griffiths, R.A., 2007. “Specialist or generalist? Feeding ecology of the Malagasy poison frog Mantella aurantiaca.” The Herpetological Journal 17 (4): 225-236. Species of the Bi-Week: Günther, Rainer, and Stephen Richards. 2016. “Description of Two New Species of the Microhylid Frog Genus Oreophryne (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) from Southern Papua New Guinea.” Vertebrate Zoology 66 (2): 157–68. OPEN ACCESS Other Mentioned Papers/Studies: Bee, M.A., Perrill, S.A. and Owen, P.C. 1999. “Size assessment in simulated territorial encounters between male green frogs (Rana clamitans).” Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 45 (3-4): 177-184. Biju, S.D., and Franky Bossuyt. 2003. “New Frog Family from India Reveals an Ancient Biogeographical Link with the Seychelles.” Nature 425 (2001): 711–14. Bossuyt, Franky, and Kim Roelants. 2009. “Frogs and Toads (Anura).” In The Timetree of Life, edited by S. Blair Hedges and Sudhir Kumar, 357–64. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Burghardt, Gordon M. 2013. “Environmental Enrichment and Cognitive Complexity in Reptiles and Amphibians: Concepts, Review, and Implications for Captive Populations.” Applied Animal Behaviour Science 147 (3–4): 286–98. Gerhardt, H. C., and J. Rheinlaender. 1980. “Accuracy of Sound Localization in a Miniature Dendrobatid Frog.” Naturwissenschaften 67 (7): 362–63. Günther, Rainer, Stephen J. Richards, David Bickford, and Gregory R. Johnston. 2012. “A New Egg-Guarding Species of Oreophryne (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae) from Southern Papua New Guinea.” Zoosystematics and Evolution 88 (2): 223–30. Heying, Heather. 2001. “Mantella Laevigata (Climbing Mantella). Aborted Predation.” Herpetological Review 32 (1): 34–34. OPEN ACCESS Janani, S. Jegath, Karthikeyan Vasudevan, Elizabeth Prendini, Sushil Kumar Dutta, and Ramesh K. Aggarwal. 2017. “A New Species of the Genus Nasikabatrachus (Anura, Nasikabatrachidae) from the Eastern Slopes of the Western Ghats, India.” Alytes 34 (1–4): 1–19. OPEN ACCESS Johnson, J.A. and Brodie Jr, E.D. 1975. “The selective advantage of the defensive posture of the newt, Taricha granulosa.” American Midland Naturalist:.139-148. OPEN ACCESS Jovanovic, Olga, Miguel Vences, Goran Safarek, Falitiana C E Rabemananjara, and Rainer Dolch. 2009. “Predation upon Mantella Aurantiaca in the Torotorofotsy Wetlands, Central-Eastern Madagascar.” Herpetology Notes 2 (1): 95–97. Ligon, R.A. and McGraw, K.J. 2013. “Chameleons communicate with complex colour changes during contests: different body regions convey different information.” Biology Letters 9 (6): 20130892. OPEN ACCESS Mayer, Michael, Lisa M. Schulte, Evan Twomey, and Stefan Lötters. 2014. “Do Male Poison Frogs Respond to Modified Calls of a Müllerian Mimic?” Animal Behaviour 89: 45–51. Narins, Peter M, Walter Hödl, and Daniela S Grabul. 2003. “Bimodal Signal Requisite for Agonistic Behavior in a Dart-Poison Frog, Epipedobates Femoralis.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100 (2): 577–80. OPEN ACCESS Rabemananjara, Falitiana C E, Noromalala Rasoamampionona Raminosoa, Olga Ramilijaona Ravoahangimalala, D. Rakotondravony, Franco Andreone, P. Bora, Angus I Carpenter, et al. 2008. “Malagasy Poison Frogs in the Pet Trade: A Survey of Levels of Exploitation of Species in the Genus Mantella.” Monografie Del Museo Regionale Di Scienze Naturali Di Torino XLV: 277–300. OPEN ACCESS Rodríguez, Ariel, Dennis Poth, Stefan Schulz, and Miguel Vences. 2011. “Discovery of Skin Alkaloids in a Miniaturized Eleutherodactylid Frog from Cuba.” Biology Letters 7: 414–18. OPEN ACCESS Saporito, Ralph A., Maureen A. Donnelly, Thomas F. Spande, and H. Martin Garraffo. 2012. “A Review of Chemical Ecology in Poison Frogs.” Chemoecology 22 (3): 159–68. Vences, Miguel, Frank Glaw, and Wolfgang Böhme. 1998. “Evolutionary Correlates of Microphagy in Alkaloid-Containing Frogs (Amphibia : Anura).” Zoologischer Anzeiger 236: 217–30. Woodhead, Cindy, Miguel Vences, David R. Vieites, Ilona Gamboni, Brian L. Fisher, and Richard A. Griffiths. 2007. “Specialist or Generalist? Feeding Ecology of the Malagasy Poison Frog Mantella Aurantiaca.” Herpetological Journal 17 (4): 225–36. Other Links/Mentions: Association Mitsinjo Madagascar – https://associationmitsinjo.wordpress.com/ Donate to – http://www.amphibianark.org/donation-for-mitsinjo-project/ Music – http://www.purple-planet.com

A big thank-you to our supporters on https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth : - Maarten Bremer - Jeff Straathof - Today I Found Out - Tony Fadell - Muhammad Shifaz - Mark Roth - Melissa Vigil - Valentin - Alberto Bortoni ___________________________________________ Credits (and Twitter handles): Script Writer: David Goldenberg (@dgoldenberg) Script Editor: Alex Reich Video Illustrator: Qingyang Chen Video Director: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida) Video Narrator: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida) With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Ever Salazar, Emily Elert, Peter Reich Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder _________________________________________ Like our videos? Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: http://goo.gl/EpIDGd Support us on Patreon: https://goo.gl/ZVgLQZ Also, say hello on: Facebook: http://goo.gl/FpAvo6 Twitter: http://goo.gl/Y1aWVC And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n ___________________________________________ If you liked this week’s video, we think you might also like these things: Some thoroughly unscientific ways to test your dog’s intelligence: http://www.wikihow.com/Test-a-Dog's-Intelligence FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some handy keywords to get your googling started: Breed group: A grouping of dog breeds based on their historical jobs. Dog personality traits: Levels of playfulness, curiosity, sociability, and aggressiveness that dogs exhibit based on testing. Animal Cognition: The study of the mental capacities of animals. Confirmation bias: The tendency to interpret evidence in favor of one’s existing beliefs. ___________________________________________ References: Svartberg, K. (2006). Breed-typical behaviour in dogs—Historical remnants or recent constructs? Applied Animal Behaviour Science 96 (293-313). Retrieved from http://www.appliedanimalbehaviour.com/article/S0168-1591(05)00160-7/abstract Svartberg, K. (2016). Personal Communication. Hare, B. & Woods, V. (2013) The Genius of Dogs: How Dogs Are Smarter Than You Think. Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/Genius-Dogs-Smarter-Than-Think/dp/0142180467/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1475530594&sr=1-1 Helton, W. (2010). Does perceived trainability of dog (Canis lupus familiaris) breeds reflect differences in learning or differences in physical ability? Behavioural Processes 83 (315-323). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20117185 Pongracz, P., Miklosi, A., Vida, V., Csanyi, V. (2005) The pet dogs ability for learning from a human demonstrator in a detour task is independent from the breed and age. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 90 (309-323). Retrieved from http://www.appliedanimalbehaviour.com/article/S0168-1591(04)00177-7/abstract