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5 episodes with during ww2
3 episodes with during ww2
2 episodes with during ww2
2 episodes with during ww2
5 episodes with during ww2
2 episodes with during ww2
During WW2, to prevent the runaway inflation experienced in the 1st World War, the US Government established the Office of Price Administration to enforce price ceilings and regulate business. But after the war conservative forces started to push for their wholesale removal, the labor movement stepped up to try and prevent another great depression. Support the showwww.laborjawn.com
During WW2 many actors went to war in various roles; but not many went as behind the lines spies....in todays episode we look at 2 stories of Spies and just how different they were.
GREAT VIDEO VERSION: https://bit.ly/42hIZb9 Often called, “the greatest American novel” today - why is this book such a scandal? Read on and then watch/listen! Though an initial publishing failure, the book that many of us (Boomers, X-ers, Millennials) were forced to read in high school English class, is having a great centennial birthday. Currently, the new Broadway/London musical adaption is the hottest ticket in theater. Additionally, the movie starring Leonardo DiCaprio made almost $ ½ billion dollars. It also continues to sell over 500,000+ print copies per year, despite being one century old - making it one of the most successful books in all history (excluding the “Holy Bible”). The author, F. Scott Fitzgerald, was the highest paid and best reviewed writer in U.S, history, when “Gatsby” was first published in 1925 – and he was only 31. BUT, this book turned out to be a great disappointment in sales upon its initial release and helped lead to the author's very early death. What went wrong? During WW2 – years after the author's death - it experienced a great resurgence in popularity and has, today, become a multi-billion-dollar franchise with multiple movies, TV adaptions, and theater. But it's author died tragically at only 44 and in poverty, with all his books out of print. My co-host and I - with the help of literary expert, Dylan Cuellar - attempt to unravel one of the most tragic mysteries in U.S. publishing history. Find co-host, Anuradha's Instagram food account @anuradhaduz_food. Guest, Dylan Cuellar, has a very popular podcast of his own https://bit.ly/3IFRwKb, which he creates with his wife, Kassia Oset, our series co-founder. You can now find us on Patreon at patreon.com/ScandalSheet with bonus content for premium subscribers. We'd love to have your generous support for only the price of one Starbuck's coffee per month. Please reach out to us at scandalsheetpod.com@gmail.com, find us on Facebook as 'Scandal Sheet' or on X at @scandal_sheet. We'd love to hear from you!
GREAT VIDEO VERSION: https://bit.ly/42hIZb9 Often called, “the greatest American novel” today - why is this book such a scandal? Read on and then watch/listen! Though an initial publishing failure, the book that many of us (Boomers, X-ers, Millennials) were forced to read in high school English class, is having a great centennial birthday. Currently, the new Broadway/London musical adaption is the hottest ticket in theater. Additionally, the movie starring Leonardo DiCaprio made almost $ ½ billion dollars. It also continues to sell over 500,000+ print copies per year, despite being one century old - making it one of the most successful books in all history (excluding the “Holy Bible”). The author, F. Scott Fitzgerald, was the highest paid and best reviewed writer in U.S, history, when “Gatsby” was first published in 1925 – and he was only 31. BUT, this book turned out to be a great disappointment in sales upon its initial release and helped lead to the author's very early death. What went wrong? During WW2 – years after the author's death - it experienced a great resurgence in popularity and has, today, become a multi-billion-dollar franchise with multiple movies, TV adaptions, and theater. But it's author died tragically at only 44 and in poverty, with all his books out of print. My co-host and I - with the help of literary expert, Dylan Cuellar - attempt to unravel one of the most tragic mysteries in U.S. publishing history. Find co-host, Anuradha's Instagram food account @anuradhaduz_food. Guest, Dylan Cuellar, has a very popular podcast of his own https://bit.ly/3IFRwKb, which he creates with his wife, Kassia Oset, our series co-founder. You can now find us on Patreon at patreon.com/ScandalSheet with bonus content for premium subscribers. We'd love to have your generous support for only the price of one Starbuck's coffee per month. Please reach out to us at scandalsheetpod.com@gmail.com, find us on Facebook as 'Scandal Sheet' or on X at @scandal_sheet. We'd love to hear from you!
Send me a messageMeasuring less than one square mile, the island of Heligoland in the North Sea, just 30 miles off the north German coast, is an easily forgotten British colony.But, this Frisian (not German) peaking island of 3,000 inhabitants was part of the British Empire from 1814 to 1890.Support My ShowHeligoland had its own British governor (or.Lt. governor), its own flag incorporating the Union flag, and from 1867 issued its own stamps with Queen Victoria's head on them.During British rule, the island became a spa resort attracting the cream of European society.The laid-back colony, became a hub for German liberals, avoiding the more draconiangovernments in places like Prussia.One of these liberal was the poet, August Heinrich Hoffman von Fallersleben.Whilst staying on the island in 1841 he wrote a poem entitled “Das Lied der Deutschen”Put to a tune previously written by Joseph Hayden 40 years before, it has become the German National Anthem.In 1890 in a bizarre land deal, Britian gave up the island to Kaiser Wilhelm II's Germany in return for recognition of her colonial ambitions in Uganda, Kenya & Zanzibar.During both the First and Second World Wars the island was heavily fortified by the Germans.During WW2, it suffered from a 1,000 bomber raid from the RAF and after the war, in 1947 the British conduscted one of the largest ever non-nuclear explosions to destroy German fortifications once and for all (operation Big Bang).Nowadays, Heligoland, with a population of just over 1,000 is part of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein.Support the show
Charity Adams Earley was the first, and highest ranking, African-American officer in the Women's Army Corps. During WW2, she led the 6888 - The Central Postal Directory Battalion, which was sent to Europe to make sure that years of backlogged letters and packages were delivered at last to the waiting soldiers. Her work showed the importance of diversity, teamwork, and strong leadership in overcoming barriers of race and gender. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Did you know that you can “go” without “going”?When Jesus was leaving earth, he gave his disciples one final command - “Go therefore and make disciples of all nations…” (Matthew 28:19). Jesus had a massive vision for his disciples. He desired them to become missionaries and ambassadors to the entire world for the sake of the gospel. This vision is so compelling that we still orient ourselves around it today. In fact, all Christians look to this verse (what we call the great commission) as an anchoring verse for our personal life mission. We are all called to do this.But we often feel tension in obeying this grandiose command. It is the tension of “going” into all the world when we have built our lives in one place. What about our jobs, our families, our local churches? We feel a strong sense of responsibility to go into all the world, while we also feel a strong sense of responsibility to stay and build where we are, and that is GOOD! In fact, it is Godly. So then question remains: how do we obey this great commission?John answers that for us in his letter to Gaius. When we support those who literally do “go into all the world”, then we become fellow workers with them. During WW2, lots of Americans were shipped off to Europe to fight. The rest of Americans wanted to help the effort, but they knew it wasn't their place to go out and fight overseas. Instead, they did all sorts of things from their home communities to help the war effort - accepted rationing of essential goods, took on extra hours at the factory, purchased war bonds, and some people even grew their own food in home gardens. Though they did not “go out into all the world”, they became “fellow workers” for the war effort.We have an awesome opportunity to become “fellow workers for the truth”. We can either go ourselves, or we can give and support those who do. If we stay put (as most of us will), we can still contribute to the great cause of Christ - the discipling of the nations. We can become fellow workers of that eternally glorious cause by giving financially to support those who do go out. There is no cause more meaningful, none more esssential to mankind, none more breathtaking, none more worthy of all our efforts. May we all be “fellow workers for the truth.”
Nestled in the quiet suburb of Mount Lawley there is a Masonic Hall built in the 1928. It was designed by George Herbert Parry, a prolific Western Australian architect in an interwar 'Beaux Arts' style. During WW2 it found a new purpose, used by the Royal Australian Airforce (RAAF) as the 6th Fighter Sector Headquarters responsible for the air defence of Western Australia.
In this episode Craig, Ian and Justin cover the differences between the battle for the Atlantic vs the Pacific. During WW2 the Atlantic and Pacific theaters were quite different. For example, submarine warfare for both the axis and allies were dramatically different in the Pacific vs Atlantic. In the Pacific amphibious assault was mastered by the Americans, and this experience proved extremely valuable for the D-Day landings in the Atlantic. The Surface engagements in the Pacific were enormous clashes, often involving aircraft carriers, while in the Atlantic is more akin to wild hunts. The strategy of the axis was dramatically different in both theaters, for example Nazi Germany heavily focused on submarine warfare against merchant fleets, while the Japanese initially only used their submarines against enemy warships. Please let me know if these types of episodes are interesting to you all. Send comments over at: https://www.youtube.com/@ThePacificWarChannel or check out the Pacific War channel discord: discord.gg/B8UwTrsysu Don't forget I have a patreon now where you can get exclusive content like "General Kanji Ishiwara & the Mukden Incident" check it out here https://www.patreon.com/pacificwarchannel
Cape Naturaliste was named for a ship of the French Baudin Expedition of 1800. It's a prominent location, overlooking Geographe Bay on one side and the vastness of the Indian Ocean on the other. The high ground made it the perfect location for a lighthouse, guiding ships through the sometimes treacherous waters surrounding the Cape. During WW2 it was the operational position for the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) 33rd Radar station, a link in the air defence chain protecting the South West Sector of Western Australia.
During WW2, the Nazi Abwehr intelligence service managed to infiltrate deep into Great Britain, creating a massive network of spies - code named "Arabel" - which provided vital and in depth information. The catch? It was all a ruse orchestrated by MI5 and Double Agent Juan Pujol. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Traditional Variety has been a lifelong fascination for poet and playwright Amanda Dalton. She grew up in a family that included several amateur and professional entertainers and from an early age the world of Variety Theatre was ‘in her blood'... During WW2, her dad organised and performed in a night of entertainment at King Farouk's palace in Cairo, She recalls her mum tap dancing in the kitchen as the dinner burnt. One of her most precious and prized possessions is a poster, retrieved from her uncle's home, for a variety show at the New Hippodrome, Darlington in 1938 - acts including Waldini's Famous Gypsy Band, Billy Brown Upside Down and his wonderful dog Lady and her uncle himself, Barry Phelps. With Idina Scott Gatty, Entertainer. As a child, Amanda never missed Sunday Night at the London Palladium or the Good Old Days on TV. Variety shows were her parents' favourites - her obsession with them is perhaps not surprising.The acts that have always most fascinated her are those ‘speciality' acts that disturb even as they entertain, designed to bamboozle the audience and mess with the mind. These essays will explore Amanda's relationship with the different kinds of acts that thrived as UK Variety emerged from the embers of Music Hall (1930s – 1950s). Listeners are introduced to some of the key performers, a fascinating collection of unusual and striking characters with extraordinary skills and showmanship. Essay 3: It's The Animal In Me: Animal Acts in Variety TheatreIn this third essay of the series Amanda looks not only to the dancing dogs, disappearing doves and rabbits pulled from hats, but to the wild animal acts that at one time were a regular feature of Variety. A lifelong animal lover who grew up in a houseful of pets, she recalls her uneasy childhood experiences of watching animals on stage – something she loved and hated in equal measure - and asks what is the appeal of watching animals ‘perform' and what can the lens of Variety reveal of our attitudes to other species and ourselves? Writer and reader, Amanda Dalton Producer, Polly Thomas Exec Producer, Eloise WhitmoreA Naked Production for BBC Radio 3.Biog Amanda Dalton is poet, playwright and essayist based in West Yorkshire. She has written extensively for BBC Radio 4 and 3 and for theatres including Manchester's Royal Exchange, Sheffield Theatres, and Theatre By The Lake, Keswick who are premiering her radical adaptation of Francis Hodgson Burnett's A Little Princess during Winter 2023-4. Her poetry collections are published by Bloodaxe Books and she has pamphlets with Smith|Doorstop and ARC. A new collection – Fantastic Voyage – is forthcoming from Bloodaxe in May 2024 and includes some poems about magic!
Traditional Variety has been a lifelong fascination for poet and playwright Amanda Dalton. She grew up in a family that included several amateur and professional entertainers and from an early age the world of Variety Theatre was ‘in her blood'... During WW2, her dad organised and performed in a night of entertainment at King Farouk's palace in Cairo, She recalls her mum tap dancing in the kitchen as the dinner burnt. One of her most precious and prized possessions is a poster, retrieved from her uncle's home, for a variety show at the New Hippodrome, Darlington in 1938 - acts including Waldini's Famous Gypsy Band, Billy Brown Upside Down and his wonderful dog Lady and her uncle himself, Barry Phelps. With Idina Scott Gatty, Entertainer. As a child, Amanda never missed Sunday Night at the London Palladium or the Good Old Days on TV. Variety shows were her parents' favourites - her obsession with them is perhaps not surprising.The acts that have always most fascinated her are those ‘speciality' acts that disturb even as they entertain, designed to bamboozle the audience and mess with the mind. These essays will explore Amanda's relationship with the different kinds of acts that thrived as UK Variety emerged from the embers of Music Hall (1930s – 1950s). Listeners are introduced to some of the key performers, a fascinating collection of unusual and striking characters with extraordinary skills and showmanship. Essay 5: How Did They Do That? Magic and MesmerismIn this final essay, Amanda explores the world of magicians and hypnotists - the blurred line between acts of illusion and the apparently paranormal, the moment when the solidity of our logical, rational narrative of the world starts to fall away and we enter a state of bewilderment. The essay springs from Amanda's memories of her own childhood fascination with magic and her desire for it to be ‘real', despite her terror of psychic phenomena - a fascination that is still with her today and continues to inform her writing. “That's entertainment??” asks the essay, as it ponders the connections between amusement, thrill, escapism and fear.Writer and reader, Amanda Dalton Producer, Polly Thomas Exec Producer, Eloise WhitmoreA Naked Production for BBC Radio 3.Biog Amanda Dalton is poet, playwright and essayist based in West Yorkshire. She has written extensively for BBC Radio 4 and 3 and for theatres including Manchester's Royal Exchange, Sheffield Theatres, and Theatre By The Lake, Keswick who are premiering her radical adaptation of Francis Hodgson Burnett's A Little Princess during Winter 2023-4. Her poetry collections are published by Bloodaxe Books and she has pamphlets with Smith|Doorstop and ARC. A new collection – Fantastic Voyage – is forthcoming from Bloodaxe in May 2024 and includes some poems about magic!
Traditional Variety has been a lifelong fascination for poet and playwright Amanda Dalton. She grew up in a family that included several amateur and professional entertainers and from an early age the world of Variety Theatre was ‘in her blood'... During WW2, her dad organised and performed in a night of entertainment at King Farouk's palace in Cairo, She recalls her mum tap dancing in the kitchen as the dinner burnt. One of her most precious and prized possessions is a poster, retrieved from her uncle's home, for a variety show at the New Hippodrome, Darlington in 1938 - acts including Waldini's Famous Gypsy Band, Billy Brown Upside Down and his wonderful dog Lady and her uncle himself, Barry Phelps. With Idina Scott Gatty, Entertainer. As a child, Amanda never missed Sunday Night at the London Palladium or the Good Old Days on TV. Variety shows were her parents' favourites - her obsession with them is perhaps not surprising.The acts that have always most fascinated her are those ‘speciality' acts that disturb even as they entertain, designed to bamboozle the audience and mess with the mind. These essays will explore Amanda's relationship with the different kinds of acts that thrived as UK Variety emerged from the embers of Music Hall (1930s – 1950s). Listeners are introduced to some of the key performers, a fascinating collection of unusual and striking characters with extraordinary skills and showmanship. Essay 4: Girls! Girls! Girls! Women in Variety For today's essay, Amanda turns her attention to female variety acts including those frequently unnamed, scantily clad ‘glamorous assistants.' Built around the rediscovery of her mum's 1920s and 30s scrapbook which charts her ventures into the world of entertainment, Amanda considers the role and frequently disturbing representation of women in old Variety Theatre, and her own mum's journey through this landscape.Writer and reader, Amanda Dalton Producer, Polly Thomas Exec Producer, Eloise WhitmoreA Naked Production for BBC Radio 3.Biog Amanda Dalton is poet, playwright and essayist based in West Yorkshire. She has written extensively for BBC Radio 4 and 3 and for theatres including Manchester's Royal Exchange, Sheffield Theatres, and Theatre By The Lake, Keswick who are premiering her radical adaptation of Francis Hodgson Burnett's A Little Princess during Winter 2023-4. Her poetry collections are published by Bloodaxe Books and she has pamphlets with Smith|Doorstop and ARC. A new collection – Fantastic Voyage – is forthcoming from Bloodaxe in May 2024 and includes some poems about magic!
Traditional Variety has been a lifelong fascination for poet and playwright Amanda Dalton. She grew up in a family that included several amateur and professional entertainers and from an early age the world of Variety Theatre was ‘in her blood'... During WW2, her dad organised and performed in a night of entertainment at King Farouk's palace in Cairo, She recalls her mum tap dancing in the kitchen as the dinner burnt. One of her most precious and prized possessions is a poster, retrieved from her uncle's home, for a variety show at the New Hippodrome, Darlington in 1938 - acts including Waldini's Famous Gypsy Band, Billy Brown Upside Down and his wonderful dog Lady and her uncle himself, Barry Phelps. With Idina Scott Gatty, Entertainer. As a child, Amanda never missed Sunday Night at the London Palladium or the Good Old Days on TV. Variety shows were her parents' favourites - her obsession with them is perhaps not surprising.The acts that have always most fascinated her are those ‘speciality' acts that disturb even as they entertain, designed to bamboozle the audience and mess with the mind. These essays will explore Amanda's relationship with the different kinds of acts that thrived as UK Variety emerged from the embers of Music Hall (1930s – 1950s). Listeners are introduced to some of the key performers, a fascinating collection of unusual and striking characters with extraordinary skills and showmanship. In That's Entertainment...? Variety and Me, Amanda revisits some of the acts that made up this form of light entertainment, exploring how they connected with her own family's life and considering their personal and cultural meaning for her both as a child and as the writer she is today. Essay 1: Singing, Dancing and Having a Laugh: The Backbone of Variety.The first essay of this series introduces listeners to the world of Variety as it morphed from Music Hall and journeyed into televised entertainment. It considers the backbone of the Variety Show – song, dance and comedy – through the lens of Amanda's personal memories of growing up in a rather unusual family.Writer and reader, Amanda Dalton Producer, Polly Thomas Exec Producer, Eloise WhitmoreA Naked Production for BBC Radio 3.Biog Amanda Dalton is poet, playwright and essayist based in West Yorkshire. She has written extensively for BBC Radio 4 and 3 and for theatres including Manchester's Royal Exchange, Sheffield Theatres, and Theatre By The Lake, Keswick who are premiering her radical adaptation of Francis Hodgson Burnett's A Little Princess during Winter 2023-4. Her poetry collections are published by Bloodaxe Books and she has pamphlets with Smith|Doorstop and ARC. A new collection – Fantastic Voyage – is forthcoming from Bloodaxe in May 2024 and includes some poems about magic!
Traditional Variety has been a lifelong fascination for poet and playwright Amanda Dalton. She grew up in a family that included several amateur and professional entertainers and from an early age the world of Variety Theatre was ‘in her blood'... During WW2, her dad organised and performed in a night of entertainment at King Farouk's palace in Cairo, She recalls her mum tap dancing in the kitchen as the dinner burnt. One of her most precious and prized possessions is a poster, retrieved from her uncle's home, for a variety show at the New Hippodrome, Darlington in 1938 - acts including Waldini's Famous Gypsy Band, Billy Brown Upside Down and his wonderful dog Lady and her uncle himself, Barry Phelps. With Idina Scott Gatty, Entertainer. As a child, Amanda never missed Sunday Night at the London Palladium or the Good Old Days on TV. Variety shows were her parents' favourites - her obsession with them is perhaps not surprising.The acts that have always most fascinated her are those ‘speciality' acts that disturb even as they entertain, designed to bamboozle the audience and mess with the mind. These essays will explore Amanda's relationship with the different kinds of acts that thrived as UK Variety emerged from the embers of Music Hall (1930s – 1950s). Listeners are introduced to some of the key performers, a fascinating collection of unusual and striking characters with extraordinary skills and showmanship. Essay 2: Gokkle o' Geer: Ventriloquists and their DummiesFascinated by the ‘speciality' acts that disturb even as they entertain, in this second essay of the series Amanda turns her attention to ventriloquism. Rooted in Amanda's personal experience, she considers ventriloquism's extraordinary relationship with the human gut and traces its origins to the ancient belly prophets – or gastromancers. What might the anarchic truth-speaking of the ventriloquist's doll have to tell us about both our physiology and our minds?Writer and reader, Amanda Dalton Producer, Polly Thomas Exec Producer, Eloise WhitmoreA Naked Production for BBC Radio 3.Biog Amanda Dalton is poet, playwright and essayist based in West Yorkshire. She has written extensively for BBC Radio 4 and 3 and for theatres including Manchester's Royal Exchange, Sheffield Theatres, and Theatre By The Lake, Keswick who are premiering her radical adaptation of Francis Hodgson Burnett's A Little Princess during Winter 2023-4. Her poetry collections are published by Bloodaxe Books and she has pamphlets with Smith|Doorstop and ARC. A new collection – Fantastic Voyage – is forthcoming from Bloodaxe in May 2024 and includes some poems about magic!
Pre Silicon Valley - Claude Shannon & Bell Labs w/ Jimmy Soni AZ TRT S04 EP49 (212) 12-10-2023 Revisit the Show w/ Clips From: PayPal Mafia - The Founders Story & Their Battle w/ EBAY w/ Jimmy Soni - BRT S03 EP36 (135) 8-7-2022 Full Show: HERE What We Learned This Week PayPal Mafia – alumni created or involved many other co's – Tesla, SpaceX, Palantir, Yelp, Yammer, LinkedIn, Facebook, YouTube & more PayPal had may contributors & a real long shot to happen during the DOTCOM Crash of 2000 Claude Shannon – creator of Information Theory, predecessor to the modern computer age, & algorithms Bell Labs was a classic Tech Incubator like Fairfield Semiconductor, Xerox Parc, Menlo Park – Edison / GE, Manhattan Project, Tuxedo Park PayPal sold to EBAY in 2002 for $1.5 Billion, prior to this, the two companies were rivals as EBAY wanted a different payment system Full Show: HERE Guest: Jimmy Soni, Author https://jimmysoni.com/ https://twitter.com/jimmyasoni https://www.linkedin.com/in/jimmysoni/ My books are passion projects. My topics come because I look for a book to buy on the subject and can't find one. I know it's supposed to be fancier than that, or that there must be some grand theory of my work, but there isn't one. That said, my readers seem to enjoy what I've written, so maybe it's fine? I am inspired by my literary heroes, including Robert Caro, Laura Hillenbrand, Candice Millard, Daniel James Brown, and Barbara Tuchman, among many others. They are all rigorous researchers—but reading their books doesn't feel like doing homework. That's what I'm going for, and hopefully I hit the mark a few times. For me, books are all-consuming projects, leaving little other time for the things that should populate this section like hobbies, interests, and even the ability to remain in basic touch with people. I enjoy obsessing over a subject for years, and my goal is to find as much information as possible and then make the material readable for a general audience. When not writing or reading, I spend time with my daughter in Brooklyn, NY. If you'd like to connect, please drop me a line at hello [@] jimmysoni.com. https://jimmysoni.com/books/ The Founders: The Story of PayPal and the Entrepreneurs Who Shaped Silicon Valley A definitive, deeply reported look at the origin of PayPal and its founding team, including Elon Musk, Peter Thiel, Reid Hoffman, Max Levchin, and others whose stories have never before been told. They defined the modern world. This experience defined them. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_Mafia Paypal Mafia Elon Musk – Tesla, Space X, Boring Co. Peter Thiel – 1st FB Investor, AirBnB Investor, Founders Fund, Palantir Reid Hoffman – LinkedIn (sold to Microsoft) Max Levchin – Affirm, Investor in Yelp David O. Sacks – Geni.com & Yammer Chad Hurley – YouTube Russel Simmons – Yelp https://fintechboomer.com/guide-evaluate-the-founders-the-story-of-paypal-and-the-entrepreneurs-who-formed-silicon-valley/ https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-hindu-business-line/20220620/281758452959411 https://twitter.com/jimmyasoni/status/1488992532268732419 A Mind at Play: How Claude Shannon Invented the Information Age In this elegantly written, exhaustively researched biography, Soni and Goodman reveal Claude Shannon's full story for the first time. With unique access to Shannon's family and friends, A Mind at Play brings this singular innovator and always playful genius to life. https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-claude-shannons-information-theory-invented-the-future-20201222/ QUANTIZED COLUMNS How Claude Shannon Invented the Future Today's information age is only possible thanks to the groundbreaking work of a lone genius. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M9hfWiQKhcs&t=2s A Mind at Play | Jimmy Soni & Rob Goodman | Talks at Google Life in Code and Digits: When Shannon met ... - ScienceOpen Shannon is credited with the invention of signal-flow graphs, in 1942. He discovered the topological gain formula while investigating the functional operation of an analog computer. For two months early in 1943, Shannon came into contact with the leading British mathematician Alan Turing. Ed Thorp, Claude Shannon and the World's First ... - Winton https://www.winton.com › technology › 2018/07 › ed-t... Jul 13, 2018 — Thorp, 85, is a former American mathematics professor and hedge fund manager, who became a New York Times bestselling author in 1962 with his ... https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/15/magazine/15Battier-t.html The No-Stats All-Star Notes: Claude Shannon Bio – A Mind at Play (2017) Claude Shannon – mathematician & MIT professor created Father of Information Theory – How do you make info transferrable, & secure in wartime? Friend of Alan Turing (British Mathematician), both worked on coding in WW2, German code breaking scientists became celebrities in WW2 and raised funding The science behind compressing info, digitizing info and MP3 files, transfer data Mathematics Theory of Communication, Shannon's paper and theory considered the Magna Carta of information age. Great paper theoretically and practically. Shannon created algorithm called sigsally. Imitation Game – WW2 bio movie about Alan Turing Shannon's work used for Gun torrents on Navy ships, target projectiles Bell Labs – math group that Shannon was a part of Famous Groups of Genius - Menlo Park – Edison/GE, Manhattan Project – Built the A Bomb Fairfield Semiconductor – predecessor to Intel and other Silicon Valley tech co's Bell Labs had money and started as R&D Dept. in Bell Telephone Bell Telephone ran all land lines in America, had a Fed guaranteed monopoly on the phone system Bell invented touch tone dialing, transistor, satellite tech, cell tech, communication networks We are all affected by Bell tech and inventions, modern age owes a solid to Bell Had big group of talent and could afford all of it, leading scientists of the time. During WW2 many major U.S. corporations – Bell, Ford were recruited by the US Government. War effort created urgency – math used to shoot down the enemy. The Founders – story of PayPal (2022) Dot Com burst created urgency to Pay Pal, bleeding money, had to survive. Dotcom crash – companies started 1 day, & BK out of business next day. Rise like a rocket and crash in 2 years Next Gen of Genius Teams - Xerox Parc, Microsoft, Apple Music Producer – Brian Eno coined the term “scenious” Scene meets genius - Clusters of talent American Revolution – Hamilton, Jefferson, Washington, Adams, Franklin all together for 1 cause Inklings, Fugitive Poets, 1960's British Music scene, Bill Walsh 49ers Coaching staff of the 1980s Paypal is the story of many – Elon Musk, Peter Thiel, Max Levchin, Reed Hoffman Alumni of Fairchild Semi led to Intel, Atari and Xerox Parc led to Apple. Post WW2 Bell Labs pressure decreased compared to PayPal. Bell Labs allowed free wheeling, could work on a project for 10 years. PayPal Mafia - The Founders Story & Their Battle w/ EBAY w/ Jimmy Soni - BRT S03 EP36 (135) 8-7-2022 Full Show: HERE More on Bell Labs: 'The Idea Factory': How Bell Labs invented the future – Article HERE Bell Labs: The research center behind the transistor, and so much more – Article HERE Best of Biotech from AZ Bio & Life Sciences to Jellatech: HERE Biotech Shows: HERE AZ Tech Council Shows: https://brt-show.libsyn.com/size/5/?search=az+tech+council *Includes Best of AZ Tech Council show from 2/12/2023 ‘Best Of' Topic: https://brt-show.libsyn.com/category/Best+of+BRT Thanks for Listening. Please Subscribe to the BRT Podcast. AZ Tech Roundtable 2.0 with Matt Battaglia The show where Entrepreneurs, Top Executives, Founders, and Investors come to share insights about the future of business. AZ TRT 2.0 looks at the new trends in business, & how classic industries are evolving. Common Topics Discussed: Startups, Founders, Funds & Venture Capital, Business, Entrepreneurship, Biotech, Blockchain / Crypto, Executive Comp, Investing, Stocks, Real Estate + Alternative Investments, and more… AZ TRT Podcast Home Page: http://aztrtshow.com/ ‘Best Of' AZ TRT Podcast: Click Here Podcast on Google: Click Here Podcast on Spotify: Click Here More Info: https://www.economicknight.com/azpodcast/ KFNX Info: https://1100kfnx.com/weekend-featured-shows/ Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this program are those of the Hosts, Guests and Speakers, and do not necessarily reflect the views or positions of any entities they represent (or affiliates, members, managers, employees or partners), or any Station, Podcast Platform, Website or Social Media that this show may air on. All information provided is for educational and entertainment purposes. Nothing said on this program should be considered advice or recommendations in: business, legal, real estate, crypto, tax accounting, investment, etc. Always seek the advice of a professional in all business ventures, including but not limited to: investments, tax, loans, legal, accounting, real estate, crypto, contracts, sales, marketing, other business arrangements, etc.
During WW2, Einstein may have been working with the US Navy to utilize his unified field theory to bend light allowing ships to disguise themselves from enemy U boats. In October 1943, the USS Eldridge was allegedly stationed at a naval shipyard in Philadelphia, and witnesses report it became invisible to both radar and the naked eye. Following the initial experiment, it was rumored to have teleported hundreds of miles away to Norfolk, VA then back to Philadelphia in a matter of minutes. There are claims that this left crew members fused to the bulkheads, vaporized, caught on fire, rematerialized inside out, or became insane with disorientation. What do you think happened? Sources:History's Mysteries on History Channel https://amzn.to/3GiSKtGhttps://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/p/philadelphia-experiment.htmlhttps://people.howstuffworks.com/philadelphia-experiment.htm#pt2Additional Content (Commissions Earned):The Philadelphia Experiment (1984) https://amzn.to/47yMDNUThe Case for the UFO by MK Jessop https://amzn.to/47z2psaThe Philadelphia Experiment: Project Invisibility https://amzn.to/49XbtspOppenheimer (2023) https://amzn.to/46PgXCGSupport the show and earn a shout out in a future episode: Support the showTheme song by INDA
Born in Gladwyne, Pennsylvania on June 25, 1886, Henry Harley Arnold, later nicknamed “Hap”, graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1907. Initially commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the infantry, a role he disliked, Arnold later jumped at the opportunity to train at the Wright Brothers Aviation School in Dayton, Ohio. It was there, in 1911, he became one of the first three qualified pilots in the US Military. During the decades that followed, Arnold advanced in rank and responsibilities, becoming the Commanding General of Army Air Forces in 1942. During WW2, Arnold was responsible for overseeing a massive expansion of US Air Forces and for directing air combat activity against Germany and Japan. Arnold's contributions during that time would eventually earn him the five star general rank in both the US Army and the newly created US Air Force, which came into being in 1947. To date, Arnold is the only person to hold a 5-star rank in two US military branches. In this episode of Your History Your Story, we will be speaking with General Hap Arnold's grandson, Robert Arnold. Robert will share stories about his grandfather's life, including his love of practical jokes and his friendship with fellow aviation pioneers, Billy Mitchell and Jimmy Doolittle. Robert will also discuss his grandfather's passion for expanding his country's air power capabilities and how he played a significant role in the development of the US Air Force. Music: "With Loved Ones" Jay Man Photo(s): Courtesy of Robert Arnold To Support Your History Your Story: Please consider becoming a Patron or making a one time donation via PayPal. - THANK YOU!!! YHYS Patreon: CLICK HERE YHYS PayPal: CLICK HERE YHYS: Social Links: CLICK HERE YHYS: Please join our mailing list: CLICK HERE #yhys #yourhistoryyourstory #history #storytelling #podcast #njpodcast #youhaveastorytoo #jamesgardner #GeneralHapArnold #WW2 #RobertArnold
Last time we spoke about the intense battle for Munda. The most important objective of the New Georgia campaign, the seizure of Munda had come at long last. The 43rd, 37th and 25th divisions all performed an envelopment offensive against Munda, but in their way were extremely formidable Japanese fortifications. It was a real slogfest seeing tremendous casualties for both sides of the conflict. However the Americans were able to breakthrough some of the Japanese bunkers, tunnels and pillboxes thanks largely to the use of flamethrowers which were becoming more and more popular on the battlefield of the Pacific. Munda was finally captured and now the Japanese had to withdraw to other areas like Vila to keep the fight alive. On the seas, commander Frederick Moosbrugger unleashed some improved mark 14 torpedoes at the IJN and scored a major victory sending 3 destroyed to their grave and countless sailors and soldiers. This episode is the Komiatum Offensive Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945. So last week we talked exclusively about the New Georgia campaign, so today as you guessed it we are diving back over to New Guinea. You know when it comes to the big and popular aspects of the war, Guadalcanal usually takes the leading role, but campaigns like New Guinea seem to always fall to the wayside as they say. Yet the battle for New Guinea was just as important, it took significant resources away from the Empire of Japan. We are soon to reach the climax of the Lae-Salamaua campaign, things are really starting to heat up. Now the last time we were over on Green Hell, Brigadier Moten had just ordered the 2/6th battalion to secure Bobdubi ridge, while the 2/5th assault Mount Tambu. By the end of July, the Coane Force was beginning to occupy Tambu Bay. The 3rd battalion, 162nd of Archibald Roosevelt were securing the Boisi area with two of their companies hitting slopes west of Tambu Bay, while the 2nd battalion assembled itself at Tambu Bay. By seizing Tambu Bay, the artillery could now take up a good position to better support the troops. Further north, Brigadier Heathcote Hammer was reorganizing his 15th brigade for a new attack against the Old Vickers position. On July 24th, he held an officers conference at Gwaibolom. Hammer laid out plans to employ the 58/59th battalion against Erskine Creek and Old Vickers. The commander of the 58/59th, Lt Colonel Patrick Starr received the order from Hammer, but also a letter directed at him. In the letter Hammer laid out a ton of criticisms against his unit, some of his officers and by implication Starr himself. The main criticisms were based largely on ineffective ground operations such as the unit lacking adequate knowledge of where their neighboring units were or that of the enemy. But as we know, this unit had not received proper training and it really was a baptism under fire kind of situation. But like they say about swimming, sometimes you gotta be thrown into the pool, and boy were they. Following some rather poorly planned and failed attacks back on June 30th, the 58/59th now adopted a more measure approach against the Old Vickers position. Hammer also helped with his reorganizing efforts. Hammer ordered Company A to head further north, while Major Warfe's commandos would take over the defenses for Gwaibolom; General Savige was assigned the 2/7th to help reinforce the 15th brigade; the 2/6th were ordered to advance along the Sugarcane Ridge to clear a way forward, but would run into a 100 Japanese strong position north off the ridge. On July 26th, the Australians concentrated their 25 pounders upon the ridge before launching a frontal assault. Meanwhile Brigadier General Ralph Coane renewed their attack against Roosevelt Ridge on July 27th. Coane ordered the still assembling 2nd battalion, 162nd regiment for the task. 100 men of E company advanced using a creek line parallel to the ridge, going through some thick jungle. They marched single file, hooking back towards a spur that led towards a small knoll on its crest, looking for a way to break the Japanese defenses. But once they reached the crest, they began taking heavy fire and although they established themselves firmly on a shoulder of ground below the ridge, they could advance no further. Meanwhile the 2/6th were lobbing 25 pounders accurately over the Old Vicker's position, forcing the Japanese to flee to the refugee of their underground shelters. It basically had become a routine of taking a bombardment and awaiting some screaming Australians or Americans afterwards for most of the Japanese defenders by this point. However no assault came. On July 28th another bombardment was on its way, but this one was directed on the Coconuts area. Starting at 2:45, two 25 pounders from Tambu Bay fired hundreds of rounds alongside some 3 inch mortars in an attempt to thwart the Japanese from sending reinforcement over to the Old Vickers position. During the final 5 minutes of what was a 15 minute bombardment, it turned into a creeping barrage allowing C Company of the 58/59th to advance. The bombardment made a ton of smoke aiding the men. Three platoons attacked the Old vickers position simultaneously. Platoon 7 of Butch Proby charged across some exposed ground at the center of the position; Platoon 13 of Lt Jack Evans attacked the left; while Platoon 15 of Sergeant Vic Hammond attacked from the right. The platoons managed to successfully overrun the Japanese forward bunkers and reached the crest just as the unsuspecting Japanese there were emerging from their dugouts. A heavy firefight broke out, but it was the defenders who began fleeing for their lives towards the Coconuts area. As the men consolidated the Old vickers position they found 17 dead Japanese, but also a large amount of abandoned booty. A 70mm gun with 300 shells, 4 light machine guns, 1 medium machine gun and 28 rifles which the Australians gladly grabbed. Hammer expected the Japanese to launch a vicious counterattack so he rapidly ordered the 2/7th battalion to send the fresh A Company of Captain Septimus Cramp over to relieve the exhausted C Company. Meanwhile B Company of the 2/6th were assaulting Sugarcane Ridge being supported by 3 inch mortars and 4 Vickers guns from the 2/6th field regiment along the Tambu Bay coast. Coming from Ambush Knoll, Platoon 10 led by Lt Clive Trethewie made a frontal assault, but machine gun fire from atop Sugarcane Ridge halted them quickly. Platoon 12 led by Sergeant Stan White and Platoon 11 of Lt Ted Exton were hooking around the ridge to attack the enemy's rear. The Japanese defenders had assumed the ridge was too steep in its rear position and were completely taken by surprise by the attack, seeing Extoons Platoon 11 overrun them. The Japanese were forced to flee for their lives. The Japanese attempted a dusk counterattack to reclaim the ridge, but it failed. On July 28th, with E Company stalled, F company was brought up to help out, taking up a position to E Company's left. They both tried to assault the ridge together, but gained little ground and were forced to dig in as the Japanese harassed them with counterattacks. The problem really was the Japanese were simply too well dug in. They held a steep narrow crest on the ridge, with the typical camouflaged pillboxes, mutually supporting machine gun nests, an intricate network of underground tunnels, lets call it the “Japanese special” haha, it will be seen quite often going forward into this war. The allied artillery and mortar bombardments could do little to actually hurt the Japanese, but it did cause them to take shelter within their tunnels, then there was the hope the assaulting forces got close enough before the Japanese stormed out again, which feels a lot like battles from WW1. In the meantime Major Roosevelt's battalion were working to cut off the Japanese supply routes to the ridge. He dispatched multiple patrols to take up positions along junctions and tracks between Scout ridge, Roosevelt Ridge and Mount Tambu. The men ran into skirmishes with Japanese supply efforts, greatly hindering them. But with the lack of progress by Coane's force concerned certain commanders like General Savige who began to criticize Coane for a lack of control and discipline over the men. Savige ordered him to push on immediately to capture Roosevelt Ridge, but in response Coane protested that he needed more reinforcements to seize the heavily fortified position. Likewise the lack of progress over at Mount Tambu was also annoying commanders. Taylor Force had just relieved the exhausted 2/5th battalion on the 28th. Several companies consisting of around 400 men from the 1st battalion, 162nd regiment coming over from Nassau Bay took up positions around Mount Tambu. Australian mortar crews and stretcher bearers remaining in the line to support their American comrades with one company of the 2/5th staying behind likewise. Moten planned for a new attack, slated for the 30th, to be followed with attacks against Goodview Junction and Orodubi by the 2/5th and 2/6th respectively. To open up the new attack, 8 105mm guns positioned at Buigap Creek Valley alongside 5 25 pounders position at Tambu Bay opened fire in the morning firing around 200 rounds per gun for an hour and a half. The Americans began their assault with Platoons 2 and 3 charging the ridge while Platoon 1 awaited in reserve. For 45 minutes the two leading platoons moved 150 meters across the Japanese front's right shoulder. They managed to knock out 6 out of 8 bunkers on the shoulder before attempting to advance further, but the defenders second tier line three meters higher up opened fire upon them and numerous grenades came rolling down the slope. The fire was too much, with the defenders using their tunnel and trench system to deadly effect taking up numerous positions to fire down on the Americans. The two platoons were halted dead in their tracks as the third platoon was brought up, but it made no difference. A legendary figure emerged from this action. For those of you from down unda, you probably already know the story, but for those of you who down, Corporal Leslie Bull Allen became a hero this day. Bull Allen was born in 1918, in Ballarant Victoria and when WW2 broke out he volunteered for service with the 2nd Australian imperial force. He served the 2/5th in Palestine where he became a stretcher bearer. He served in Libya and Syria where he received the nickname Bull for getting a reputation to having a cool head under fire. He was a fairly big boy, 5”11, laborer type build and he had a really deep laugh his comrades would remark “you could hear him a mile off! Bull was thus one of the battalion's most recognisable…and one of its most popular characters”. After facing the Italians, French and Germans, Bull was sent to New Guinea. He had served during the Wau battle where he received a Military medal for carrying out comrades under intense fire, his citation read “Private Allen's bearing and his untiring efforts in tending the wounded and helping with rations and stores were an inspiration”. On July the 30th when the Americans were storming Mount Tambu and got botched down, Allen was one of the stretcher bearers who came running up and by himself carried 12 American servicemen to safety. There's a famous photograph of Bull carrying an American soldier over his shoulders who had been knocked unconscious by a mortar, I do recommend googling it. And of course, I am a Sabaton fan and I would be remiss not to mention there is a song dedicated to Bull Allen, worth a listen. I got to sit down with Sabaton at a bar once in Montreal, the first time they came to north america, by the way, just gloating. Bull Allen received the Silver Star for his heroism from the United States. But as much as I'd like to end it there, I would also like to mention the reality of war. Bull put on a straight face and showed no fear as he saved the men, but as early as 1941 he was showing psychological issues. He had been admitted to a hospital in Libya, suffering from anxiety neurosis, again what we call acute combat stress or combat stress reaction. By the time he saved those boys on Mount Tambu his health was being taxed heavily. Towards the end of 1944, Bull would begin lashing out at superior officers and got himself court martialed and demoted to private. His psychological health, alongside a few bouts of malaria took a horrible toll on him creating numerous anxiety ridden episodes seeing him discharged from duty as he was not deemed medically fit. Bull found it difficult in the post war years suffering from post traumatic stress, and during one point he lost the ability to speak for 6 months. He spent his life after the war working as a laborer and then as a theater nurse at the Ballarat Base hospital. Bull became quite a popular fellow around Ballarant and would pass away on May 11th of 1982 from diabetes and other complications. He is a staple on Anzac Day and a famous image of the Australian war effort during the Pacific War. Mount Tambu was not taken that day, though the first line of bunkers were battered. Moten realized frontally attacking such fortifications was suicide, so he elected to cut off Mount Tambu instead. With the Americans failing, the 2/5th and 2/6th planned attacks changed to taking up positions to surround Mount Tambu. Back on the 29th, Major Warfe took his men to attack what was known as the Timbered knoll held by some Japanese. He sent A Platoon led by John Lewin south along its ridge. They were supported by artillery from Tambu Bay. At 4pm the artillery and mortars started blasting away for 15 minutes. The commandos assaulted the knoll from its northern side, but were quickly pinned down by machine gun fire. Around 10 men advanced along the Bench Cut track east of the Timbered Knoll and attacked it from the south, successfully surprising the defenders, forcing them to flee. Following the capture of the Timbered Knoll, Warfe wanted to press onwards to Orodubi, but Brigadier Hammer ordered his commandos to hold their position as he did not want to open up any gaps along the ridge. Also on the 29th, General Herring for the first time informed General Savige of the true offensive going on which was against Lae rather than Salamaua, indicating to him that the role of his 3rd division was to hold the enemy down in the Salamaua area. Likewise Moten had devised a new plan to drive the enemy from Mount Tambu. It turned out a patrol from the 2/6th had discovered a route going from Ambush Knoll to the Buirali Creek which would allow forces to cut off the Komiatum track, thus isolating the Mount Tambu and Goodview junction. The 2/6 sent 4 patrols out searching for how to ford the Buirali Creek going up to the Kiamatum ridge, some of which probed Japanese positions. To the north, Captain Edwin Griff's B Company of the 58/59th advanced to Buggert preparing to attack the Coconuts area. On the 30th as they began their attack, they were met with heavy fit around 80 yards south of the South Coconuts. Forced to dig in the Australians spent the night repelling 3 counterattacks with a handful of men receiving some nasty bayonet and knife wounds. By the morning of the 31st Griff was down to 38 effective men and at 7:20am a 4th Japanese counterattack consisting of a hundred or so men overwhelmed his position. Griff was forced to withdraw to a village west of the Old Vickers position. While this was going on, Hammer had sent companies over to cut the Komiatum and Bench tracks using his A company and C Company. Moten reinforced him with A company of the 2/7th in the hopes such actions would press the Japanese to move more units from Lae over the Salamaua area. It was a huge success as by the end of July the Salamaua area counted with more than 8000 troops. However with all of these troops at Salamaua also required the allies to boost up their commitment in the area, thus Brigadier Raymond Monaghan with the 29th brigade were landed at Nassau Bay for the task. They were assigned to reinforce the Coane force which was still struggling against Roosevelt ridge. Over on the Japanese side, General Adachi decided to reinforce Lae's defenses. He deployed the 2nd battalion, 80th regiment who would be coming over from Finschhafen, however they would never make it to Lae as by the time they were going to depart they were forced to stay put because the Australians were threatening the region. Adachi also ordered the Shoge detachment of Major General Shoge Ryoichi to depart Wewak. His force consisted of the 1st and 2nd battalions of the 238th regiment and a battalion of the 41st mountain artillery regiment. Elements of the 238th regiment began leaving Wewak traveling in groups of 3 motor landing crafts every two nights. Each MLC had 50 men and their supplies packed in like sardines. Soon small fishing boats were also carrying 20 men, by late July the 2nd battalion, 238th had all moved from Wewak to Alexishafen. From Alexishafen they traveled again by night and by MLC to Finschhafen and from there finally to Lae. However due to increased attacks and losses upon the MLCS countless men would be left at Finschhafen. Some were ordered to march overland to Lae, but it was a nightmare of a trip. On August 1st, the 1st battalion, 80th regiment had taken up positions along the side of the Old Vickers position and began firing upon its defenders. They were covered by mortars as they charged up the steep terrain in an enveloping movements towards Grassy Knoll. Captain Edwin Griff's B company harassed them from the west, and by the following morning the 2/7th battalion were able to push the Japanese back. To the north in the Coconuts, Pimple Knoll and the Sugarcane Knoll more Japanese attacks were occurring, but the defenders held the former Japanese fortifications giving them a distinct edge. By the afternoon the Japanese were sniping men in the Old Vickers and Sugarcane Knoll, trying to cover their assault units. By August 3rd, the Japanese unleashed another assault against the entire perimeter, seeing the fiercest fighting take place in an area in front of the 8th Platoon led by Corporal Alan Naismith. Alan ended up crawling forward with grenades in hand before tossing them down the steep slopes of Old Vickers killing many Japanese. Seeing the battle going nowhere, the Japanese unleashed a banzai charge at night as a last ditch effort to break through, but were ultimately forced to withdraw. Seeing three full days of frontal assaults fail, the Japanese then elected to advance further south along a ridge and dug in between the Old Vickers and Buggert. This threatened to encircle the 2/7th, so Griff's B Company were ordered to restore the line of communications to Old Vickers. Griff ordered a concentrated bombardment of 30 mortars before his company stormed the slope the Japanese dug in on. Two platoons quickly broke through towards Sugarcane Knoll and in the process forced the Japanese to withdraw back over to the Coconuts area. Griff then ordered his company to perform mop up operations as some Japanese had stayed in their foxholes. Yet the performance overall for the 58/59th had displeased Hammer who now decided to place them under Major Warfe's command. They would also be redeployed over to the Gwaibolom area, while the commandos would take over their Old Vickers position. For a few days the 2/7th performed patrols around the Coconuts area to prepare for a final attack against it. Over at Mount Tambu, on August 4th, Captain Cam Bennett's B Company and Walters A Company of the 2/5th successfully surprise attacked the defenders atop a small knoll known as Hodge's Knoll. However they were soon met with heavy counterattacks from three sides dislodging them in the late afternoon. The next day, Moten ordered the 2/6th battalion to advance along the Stephens Track, while its D company led by Captain Harold Laver would take an alternate path towards the Komiatum ridge heading north of Goodview. During the afternoon, a forward patrol of Company D found a route through the jungle to Komiatum village, but the route proved very difficult for the full company to traverse. Alongside this discovery, a patrol from Taylor Force found a small ridge north of Komiatum that was unoccupied named Davidson ridge. By August 6th, Moten and Savige concluded their plan to isolate and reduce Mount Tambu. The 2/6th would secure Komiatum ridge to the northwest; Coane Force would hit Roosevelt and Scout ridge; Lt Colonel Charlie Davidsons 42nd battalion would hit a key ridge to the north, Ie: the one that was to be called Davidson; the 2/5th would hit Goodview junction and the 15th brigade would contain assault the Coconuts area containing the enemy at Tambu knoll and Orodubi. General Herring liked the plan and urged General Savige to quote "drive Coane on to the capture of Roosevelt Ridge even if the cost is higher than he cares about". Herring also added that he could take Savige's requests to the higher authorities and upon stating that Savige immediately requested Coane and Major Roosevelt be relieved of their commands. Again a lot of the interpersonal and command issues were due to MacArthurs tampering with Alamo Force. Brigadier Coane was told by Fuller he was a separate command from MacKechnie and Colonel Roosevelt continuously refused to obey orders from MacKechnie stating he was not under Australian command. It took until July 19th, for Herring to clarify things that the Australians were in charge of operations in the Nassau Bay area. Combine this with the lack of progress and it was no surprise people were gunning to sack another. On August 7th the first units of Davidsons 42nd battalion landed at Nassau bay at 2am and Coane requested that Davidson immediately march north. Davidson refused to do so until his men got a hot meal and some sleep angering Coane. Then when Davidson and his men reach Duali he was informed Major Stephen Hodgman was waiting with orders from Moten that it was he who was taking operational command. Coane was only to have command over supply communications and rations. When Davidson reached Tambu Bay on the 8th he met with Coane who was greatly frustrated that he was unable to use Davidsons units to hit Roosevelt ridge. Coane told him “If I can't do as I want with you, I don't consider you under my command at all”. It was quite fortunate as MacArthur soon relieved Coane and Roosevelt of their commands. As General Savige would later write “MacArthur asked me for my views on Coane and Roosevelt and I gave them strongly…I had my bags packed but MacArthur supported me”. Thus MacArthur sides with Herring and Savige and as a result Colonel MacKechnie was given back command over the 162nd regiment which was taken away from the 41st division directly under Savige's command. So much sneaky maneuvering going on by MacArthur's team. On August the 9th Savige visited Motens HQ, then Hammers, then the 58/59th battalions and finally the 2/6th. He was making a tour of the front lines trying to raise morale for the Australians. The next day, the 42nd battalion finally got into position at Tambu Bay where they received confirmation of their orders to seize Davidson ridge. By the 11th the men were climbing the ridge, facing no opposition and it was fully occupied by the 12th. Also on the 12th, MacKechnie began his attack against Roosevelt ridge deploying his 2nd battalion on the right flank and the 3rd on the left. The 2nd battalion established a position on the ridge crest rappelling several counterattacks throughout the day. After a 1.5hr artillery barrage of over 2000 rounds the 2nd battalion charged the ridge and successfully breached the Japanese line in three points. Meanwhile the 3rd battalion, 66th regiment were fighting for their lives, but by nightfall two Australian companies were now occupying high knolls around 500 yards apart. The 3rd battalion, 238th regiment had just begun arriving to Salamaua and were quickly redirected to help out the men on Roosevelt ridge. It would all be for naught however as by the 14th, the Australians pushed the Japanese to the eastern end of the ridge. From a Historian who covered the 41st division “At about 13:15 the jungles north, south and west of Roosevelt Ridge shook and shivered to the sustained blast. The mountains and ridges threw the echo back and forth, down and out, and the quiet white-capped sea to the east, ringing the outer third of Roosevelt Ridge, grew dark a s it received the eruption of earth and steel on that stricken shoulder of land. Scores of guns—75-mm howitzers, Aussie 25-pounders, 20-mms, Bofors, light and heavy machine-guns, even small arms—had opened up simultaneously on the enemy-held ridge. A score or more Allied fighters and bombers had swooped low to strafe its dome and tons of bombs released from the B-24s and B-25s fell straight and true, to detonate, shatter, rip and tear and to deliver certain death at that moment on an August afternoon. Those who watched from the beach saw the top fourth of the ridge lift perceptibly into the air and then fall into the waiting sea. In a scant twenty minutes all that remained of the objective was a denuded, redly scarred hill over which infantrymen already were clambering, destroying what remained of a battered and stunned enemy.” By the late afternoon, Roosevelt Ridge was finally firmly in the hands of the allies. MacKechnie could not however advance any further as his lines were already overextended. The Japanese withdrew to the nearby Scout Ridge where the 238th regiment reinforcements also came to defend. While this was occurring the 2/7th were advancing upon the Coconuts area. Captain Andrew Rooke led the Bena platoon of Company A alongside Platoon 9 to hit the steep eastern approaches of the South coconuts; Captain Fred Barr's B company advanced upon the North Coconuts from the west. August the 14th began with a heavy airstrike made up of 22 B-24's and 7 B-17's. Starting at 9:30am as told to us by Axel Olsen observing from the Old Vickers “with a noise like the rushing of a great wind', the bombs passed over the heads of the waiting assault troops. ‘Trees, logs and other rubbish flew through the fall [sic] of dust which now cloaked the target.' The observers at Old Vickers observed, ‘It seemed that nothing could have lived in the midst of devastation loosed by the planes.” At 10:10 artillery began to bombard the area for an hour and half. As the artillery ceased, 3 inch mortars continued to fire covering the approach of the infantry who were using smoke bombs. As Axel Olsen wrote observing from the Old Vickers “came a terribly fierce raking with Vickers guns firing through the haze from smoke bombs”. The Australian assault battered the north coconuts position which was guarded by two pillboxes connected to weapon pits using crawl trenches. The area had suffered hard from the bombardments easily allowing the Australians to seize it. However the southern defenses of the south Coconuts found defenders resisting hard in their trenches. The center Coconuts position like the north had nearly been obliterated by the bombing allowing B company to make progress, but soon they were pulling back to the north coconuts position. During the night, allied platoons came across a Japanese communication line going over the Salamua-Bobdubi track, so they cut it to prevent reinforcements. For the next two days, patrols and mortar fire were harassing the south coconuts defenders gradually forcing them to evacuate. By August the 17th the Coconuts and northern end towards Bobdubi were firmly in Australian hands. With all of these gains in hand, Moten was finally ready to attack Komiatum. On August the 15th, Captain Edgar's A Company, Captain Laver's D Company of the 2/6th battalion took up a position due west of Laver's Knoll. Yes the future names of these knolls and ridges really does seem to give away what happens in the stories haha. Laver's Knoll was a key feature of the Komiatum ridge and taking it would allow the allies to apply more pressure upon the enemy. On the morning of the 16th, the 2/5th battalion performed a diversionary attack against Goodview, while A and B Companies advanced up the Komiatum ridge under a creeping barrage. The men were fortunate as the Japanese were forced to flee during the artillery fire, allowing Laver's knoll to be seized quite easily. The men dug in immediately allowing Lt Les Johnson's platoon 17 to capture, you guessed it Johnson's knoll. During WW2 if you really wanted something named after you, all you had to do was travel to Green Hell. Johnson and his men dug in on the knoll and soon Japanese fire was directed at them. Japanese counterattacks were lobbed from their south and west before nightfall, but they managed to hold on. During the night the 42nd battalion began using Vicker guns and mortars from Davidson ridge to help harass the enemy. Around dawn on the 17th, the Japanese unleashed another counter attack against Johnson knoll, this time the enemy got within just meters of the Australian defenders. After dusk even more counterattacks were made seeing 217 deaths, 380 wounded and 301 sick Japanese after all was said and done. The attacks were tossed back and soon Vickers machine guns were brought up to Laver's Knoll to add to the Japanese misery. Unable to break the allied push onto the Komiatum ridge, the Japanese began to become more and more desperate. Artillery and aerial bombardment on top of enveloping maneuvers by the Australians were taking a heavy toll. The Japanese had suffered over 900 casualties since July 23rd and with more and more men dying by the minute, General Nakano ordered a withdrawal from Komiatum to be carried out on the night of August 19th. Nakano was still under the illusion Salamaua was the main target. The next day the Taylor Force and 2/5th found Mount Tambu and Goodview suddenly unoccupied and finally seized their objectives. General Savige personally came over to congratulate the men who took Laver's knoll, but this was to be his last action in command of the 3rd division. Blamey decided to replace Savige with the commander of the 5th division General Edward Milford. Milford would later find out the reason for Savige's sacking was because General Herring was greatly annoyed that a supply line to the coast had not been opened, which was desperately needed to relieve supply aircraft for the upcoming attack on Lae. Herring told Milford that Savige had never visited the front line because he was too old, but as I just mentioned this was false, Savage had in fact visited Mubo and Komiatum. Major General Frank Berryman working in Blamey's HQ, who remained quite close to the man, who often sought out his advice believed General Herring was unjustified in his sacking of Savige. Berryman would point out “ Herring ‘not giving Savige a fair burl… Savige having to fight Herring as well as Japs. Savige had done well and we had misjudged him'.Savige bitterly handed over his command, greatly disappointed he would not get to see the final capture of Salamaua. But he did not depart unrewarded, as he received a Companion of the order of Bath for his services during the campaign with his citation reading; Maj-Gen. Savige had control of the Battle for Salamaua from 30 Jun. 43 till his relief on 26 Aug. 43. The battle was finally won on 11 Sep. 43—the credit for victory must rest with Maj-Gen. Savige during whose period of command, the back of the enemy's defence was broken. The nature of the country rendered great assistance to the defender, and careful planning alone enabled the defences to be overcome. The supplying of our forward troops was also a terrific problem. Maj-Gen. Savige triumphed over all these difficulties, his men were kept supplied, they were encouraged to endure the most dreadful hardships, and to overcome great difficulties of terrain. Maj-Gen. Savige's plans were well conceived and he saw them carried through. The success achieved is of the greatest importance to the Allied cause, and Maj-Gen. Savige by his fine leadership has made a very real contribution to the ultimate success of the United nations. The victories won over the enemy at the battles for Mubo and Komiatum were due to his well conceived plans and energetic execution. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The battle for Salamaua and Lae was drawing ever closer. The boys down unda had seized control over vital positions forcing the Japanese into more and more desperate defensive measures taking horrifying casualties in the process.
During WW2 there were some wild and wacky plans set in place to change the course of the war. This one might be one of the best and it all starts when someone notices a man that looks just like Field Marshal Montgomery, one of the most important men in the world at that time. You can find the Full Video version of the show over on YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/@RememberRememberPodcast Contact us at - RememberRememberShow@gmail.com Twitter - @RememberCast https://twitter.com/RememberCast Instagram - @rememberrememberpod https://www.instagram.com/rememberrememberpod/ Find everything about the show over on our Website - https://www.rememberrememberpodcast.com/ Artwork and logos were made by Mary Hanson @MermaidVexa
2nd LT Loftis was a glider pilot during WW2, and participated in the D-Day invasion. During WW2, glider planes were used to carry ground troops, and sometimes a jeep, into enemy territory. Regular planes dragged these gliders via a rope, which was cut over enemy territory at the release point. The glider kept flying, to hopefully find a clear landing zone behind enemy lines. Since the gliders were flimsy, designed for a single flight, and always sent into enemy territory, flying them was a notoriously dangerous job. 2nd Lieutenant Harry Loftis was one of these brave pilots. He flew many missions, and fought in the Normandy Invasion, Operation Market Garden, and Operation Plunder. To learn more about glider pilots during World War Two, visit ww2gp.org. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Eddie survived the Holocaust. What happened to him? During WW2, the Nazis embarked on a sustained campaign to rid Europe of the Jewish race. Concentration camps submitted the Jews to unimaginable brutality, with millions being exterminated in the gas chambers. But despite all the odds, one man survived the so called death camps, going on to reach the ripe old age of 101. This is his story. The story of Eddie Jaku. Disclaimer - Tyler Allen at the Minds of Madness Podcast - https://mindsofmadnesspodcast.com/ Send voice mail - https://anchor.fm/applefortheteacherpod/message Email - applefortheteacherpodcast@gmail.com Twitter - https://twitter.com/AppleforTeacher Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/apple_for_the_teacher_podcast/ Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/applefortheteacherpodcast Sources - https://voicemaker.in/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=scCvi3vY4jQ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Jaku#External_links https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-58883318 https://www.npr.org/2021/10/13/1045685012/eddie-jaku-obituary-holocaust-survivor-happiest-man-on-earth https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-10-12/death-of-holocaust-survivor-eddie-jaku/100532900 https://www.smh.com.au/culture/books/auschwitz-author-eddie-jaku-how-to-be-happy-and-live-to-100-20200724-p55f0v.html Jaku, Eddie, The Happiest Man on Earth, Macmillan Australia, 2020. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/applefortheteacherpod/message
Eddie survived the Holocaust. What happened to him? During WW2, the Nazis embarked on a sustained campaign to rid Europe of the Jewish race. Concentration camps submitted the Jews to unimaginable brutality, with millions being exterminated in the gas chambers. But despite all the odds, one man survived the so called death camps, going on to reach the ripe old age of 101. This is his story. The story of Eddie Jaku. Disclaimer - Tyler Allen at the Minds of Madness Podcast - https://mindsofmadnesspodcast.com/ Send voice mail - https://anchor.fm/applefortheteacherpod/message Email - applefortheteacherpodcast@gmail.com Twitter - https://twitter.com/AppleforTeacher Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/apple_for_the_teacher_podcast/ Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/applefortheteacherpodcast Sources - https://voicemaker.in/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=scCvi3vY4jQ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Jaku#External_links https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-58883318 https://www.npr.org/2021/10/13/1045685012/eddie-jaku-obituary-holocaust-survivor-happiest-man-on-earth https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-10-12/death-of-holocaust-survivor-eddie-jaku/100532900 https://www.smh.com.au/culture/books/auschwitz-author-eddie-jaku-how-to-be-happy-and-live-to-100-20200724-p55f0v.html Jaku, Eddie, The Happiest Man on Earth, Macmillan Australia, 2020. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/applefortheteacherpod/message
Josephine Baker was a gorgeous, young, black singer and dancer in the early 20's. She renounced her US citizenship because of racial injustice and became a French citizen. Things weren't perfect in Paris, but audiences were not segregated and she enjoyed significant success. During WW2, she leveraged her fame to pass secrets to the French resistance when the Nazis were trying to completely take over France. Who doesn't love a lady spy in a banana costume with a pet Cheetah named Chiquita? https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Baker https://spyscape.com/article/josephine-baker-the-secret-life-of-a-diva-spy --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bitchstory/support
If Alexander The Great Hadn't Died, He Might Have Conquered Europe, Circumnavigated Africa, and Built His Own Silk Road“And Alexander wept, seeing as he had no more worlds to conquer.” That's a quote from Hans Gruber in Die Hard, which is a very convoluted paraphrase from Plutarch's essay collection “Moralia.” Despite the questionable sourcing, there's plenty of truth in that unattributed quote from Mr. Gruber. Alexander the Great's death at 323 BC in Babylon marked the end of the most consequential military campaign in antiquity. He left behind an empire that stretched from Greece to India, planted the seeds of the Silk Road, and made Greek an international language across Eurasia, all in 13 short years. He became and remained the biggest celebrity in the ancient world, probably only replaced by Jesus a few centuries into the Christian era. But what if he had not died as a young man? What if he had lived years or decades more? How much more influence could he have had? We have clues about Alexander's plans for the future – and they come from Greek chroniclers Diodorus and Arrian, writing centuries after his death. They include conquering the Mediterranean coast all the way to the Pillars of Hercules (Rock of Gibraltar), building a tomb for his father Philp that would be as large as the Great Pyramid of Giza, and transplanting populations from Greece to Persia and vice versa to unite his domains through intermarriage.To explore this hypothetical scenario is Anthony Everitt, author of “Alexander the Great: His Life and Mysterious Death.” We look at the life of the most influential person in the ancient world, and explore the ramifications of his life having even more influence.Links for Show Notes:Continue listening to History Unplugged:Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/3Ysc7ZgSpotify: https://spoti.fi/3j0QRJyParthenon: https://www.parthenonpodcast.com/history-unplugged-podcastDiscover more episodes of History Unplugged: Lost Airmen: The Epic Rescue of WWII U.S. Bomber Crews Stranded in the Yugoslavian Mountains: https://apple.co/3Weu5wr / https://spoti.fi/3HunolzThe Way that Lincoln Financed the Civil War Led to Transcontinental Railroads, Public Colleges, the Homestead Act, and Income Tax: https://apple.co/3iVtpxs / https://spoti.fi/3iYxtx6After Custer's Last Stand, Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse Fought an Impossible Battle To Preserve the Sioux Nation: https://apple.co/3uKbc8F / https://spoti.fi/3BvFLTk Almost President: Stephen Douglas, Thomas Dewey, and Other Failed Candidates That Would've Altered History Most by Winning: https://apple.co/3hgdVDZ / https://spoti.fi/3FlO2ujNo Supply Chain Was More Complicated Than the Allies' During WW2. How Did They Maintain It?: https://apple.co/3VWxHmT / https://spoti.fi/3iYuJ2w
If Alexander The Great Hadn't Died, He Might Have Conquered Europe, Circumnavigated Africa, and Built His Own Silk Road Continue listening to History Unplugged:Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/3Ysc7Zg Spotify: https://spoti.fi/3j0QRJyParthenon: https://www.parthenonpodcast.com/history-unplugged-podcast Discover more episodes of History Unplugged: Lost Airmen: The Epic Rescue of WWII U.S. Bomber Crews Stranded in the Yugoslavian Mountains: https://apple.co/3Weu5wr / https://spoti.fi/3HunolzThe Way that Lincoln Financed the Civil War Led to Transcontinental Railroads, Public Colleges, the Homestead Act, and Income Tax:https://apple.co/3iVtpxs / https://spoti.fi/3iYxtx6After Custer's Last Stand, Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse Fought an Impossible Battle To Preserve the Sioux Nation: https://apple.co/3uKbc8F / https://spoti.fi/3BvFLTk Almost President: Stephen Douglas, Thomas Dewey, and Other Failed Candidates That Would've Altered History Most by Winning:https://apple.co/3hgdVDZ / https://spoti.fi/3FlO2ujNo Supply Chain Was More Complicated Than the Allies' During WW2. How Did They Maintain It?: https://apple.co/3VWxHmT / https://spoti.fi/3iYuJ2w If Alexander The Great Hadn't Died, He Might Have Conquered Europe, Circumnavigated Africa, and Built His Own Silk Road “And Alexander wept, seeing as he had no more worlds to conquer.” That's a quote from Hans Gruber in Die Hard, which is a very convoluted paraphrase from Plutarch's essay collection “Moralia.” Despite the questionable sourcing, there's plenty of truth in that unattributed quote from Mr. Gruber. Alexander the Great's death at 323 BC in Babylon marked the end of the most consequential military campaign in antiquity. He left behind an empire that stretched from Greece to India, planted the seeds of the Silk Road, and made Greek an international language across Eurasia, all in 13 short years. He became and remained the biggest celebrity in the ancient world, probably only replaced by Jesus a few centuries into the Christian era. But what if he had not died as a young man? What if he had lived years or decades more? How much more influence could he have had? We have clues about Alexander's plans for the future – and they come from Greek chroniclers Diodorus and Arrian, writing centuries after his death. They include conquering the Mediterranean coast all the way to the Pillars of Hercules (Rock of Gibraltar), building a tomb for his father Philp that would be as large as the Great Pyramid of Giza, and transplanting populations from Greece to Persia and vice versa to unite his domains through intermarriage. To explore this hypothetical scenario is Anthony Everitt, author of “Alexander the Great: His Life and Mysterious Death.” We look at the life of the most influential person in the ancient world, and explore the ramifications of his life having even more influence.
If Alexander The Great Hadn't Died, He Might Have Conquered Europe, Circumnavigated Africa, and Built His Own Silk Road Continue listening to History Unplugged:Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/3Ysc7Zg Spotify: https://spoti.fi/3j0QRJyParthenon: https://www.parthenonpodcast.com/history-unplugged-podcast Discover more episodes of History Unplugged: Lost Airmen: The Epic Rescue of WWII U.S. Bomber Crews Stranded in the Yugoslavian Mountains: https://apple.co/3Weu5wr / https://spoti.fi/3HunolzThe Way that Lincoln Financed the Civil War Led to Transcontinental Railroads, Public Colleges, the Homestead Act, and Income Tax:https://apple.co/3iVtpxs / https://spoti.fi/3iYxtx6After Custer's Last Stand, Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse Fought an Impossible Battle To Preserve the Sioux Nation: https://apple.co/3uKbc8F / https://spoti.fi/3BvFLTk Almost President: Stephen Douglas, Thomas Dewey, and Other Failed Candidates That Would've Altered History Most by Winning:https://apple.co/3hgdVDZ / https://spoti.fi/3FlO2ujNo Supply Chain Was More Complicated Than the Allies' During WW2. How Did They Maintain It?: https://apple.co/3VWxHmT / https://spoti.fi/3iYuJ2w If Alexander The Great Hadn't Died, He Might Have Conquered Europe, Circumnavigated Africa, and Built His Own Silk Road “And Alexander wept, seeing as he had no more worlds to conquer.” That's a quote from Hans Gruber in Die Hard, which is a very convoluted paraphrase from Plutarch's essay collection “Moralia.” Despite the questionable sourcing, there's plenty of truth in that unattributed quote from Mr. Gruber. Alexander the Great's death at 323 BC in Babylon marked the end of the most consequential military campaign in antiquity. He left behind an empire that stretched from Greece to India, planted the seeds of the Silk Road, and made Greek an international language across Eurasia, all in 13 short years. He became and remained the biggest celebrity in the ancient world, probably only replaced by Jesus a few centuries into the Christian era. But what if he had not died as a young man? What if he had lived years or decades more? How much more influence could he have had? We have clues about Alexander's plans for the future – and they come from Greek chroniclers Diodorus and Arrian, writing centuries after his death. They include conquering the Mediterranean coast all the way to the Pillars of Hercules (Rock of Gibraltar), building a tomb for his father Philp that would be as large as the Great Pyramid of Giza, and transplanting populations from Greece to Persia and vice versa to unite his domains through intermarriage. To explore this hypothetical scenario is Anthony Everitt, author of “Alexander the Great: His Life and Mysterious Death.” We look at the life of the most influential person in the ancient world, and explore the ramifications of his life having even more influence.
If Alexander The Great Hadn't Died, He Might Have Conquered Europe, Circumnavigated Africa, and Built His Own Silk Road“And Alexander wept, seeing as he had no more worlds to conquer.” That's a quote from Hans Gruber in Die Hard, which is a very convoluted paraphrase from Plutarch's essay collection “Moralia.” Despite the questionable sourcing, there's plenty of truth in that unattributed quote from Mr. Gruber. Alexander the Great's death at 323 BC in Babylon marked the end of the most consequential military campaign in antiquity. He left behind an empire that stretched from Greece to India, planted the seeds of the Silk Road, and made Greek an international language across Eurasia, all in 13 short years. He became and remained the biggest celebrity in the ancient world, probably only replaced by Jesus a few centuries into the Christian era. But what if he had not died as a young man? What if he had lived years or decades more? How much more influence could he have had? We have clues about Alexander's plans for the future – and they come from Greek chroniclers Diodorus and Arrian, writing centuries after his death. They include conquering the Mediterranean coast all the way to the Pillars of Hercules (Rock of Gibraltar), building a tomb for his father Philp that would be as large as the Great Pyramid of Giza, and transplanting populations from Greece to Persia and vice versa to unite his domains through intermarriage.To explore this hypothetical scenario is Anthony Everitt, author of “Alexander the Great: His Life and Mysterious Death.” We look at the life of the most influential person in the ancient world, and explore the ramifications of his life having even more influence.Links for Show Notes:Continue listening to History Unplugged:Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/3Ysc7ZgSpotify: https://spoti.fi/3j0QRJyParthenon: https://www.parthenonpodcast.com/history-unplugged-podcastDiscover more episodes of History Unplugged: Lost Airmen: The Epic Rescue of WWII U.S. Bomber Crews Stranded in the Yugoslavian Mountains: https://apple.co/3Weu5wr / https://spoti.fi/3HunolzThe Way that Lincoln Financed the Civil War Led to Transcontinental Railroads, Public Colleges, the Homestead Act, and Income Tax: https://apple.co/3iVtpxs / https://spoti.fi/3iYxtx6After Custer's Last Stand, Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse Fought an Impossible Battle To Preserve the Sioux Nation: https://apple.co/3uKbc8F / https://spoti.fi/3BvFLTk Almost President: Stephen Douglas, Thomas Dewey, and Other Failed Candidates That Would've Altered History Most by Winning: https://apple.co/3hgdVDZ / https://spoti.fi/3FlO2ujNo Supply Chain Was More Complicated Than the Allies' During WW2. How Did They Maintain It?: https://apple.co/3VWxHmT / https://spoti.fi/3iYuJ2w
Svetlana Iosifovna Stalina, the most famous defector of the cold war, was born in luxury, in the Kremlin and led an extraordinary, tumultuous life. She died destitute at a care home in Wisconsin.In this episode we tell the incredible story of Stalin's daughter, Svetlana Alliluyeva, born Stalina and later known as Lana Peters. If you like our content, please become a patron to receive our two exclusive premium episodes each month, as well as our public episodes ad-free. Born on February 28, 1926, in Moscow, Svetlana was Stalin's favorite child and The Princess in The Kremlin. Her mother Nadezhda was a secretary for Lenin and played an important role in Stalin's rise to power. She committed suicide when Svetlana was just 6 years old. Her brother Vasily was 11 and her half brother Yakov was 25. Artyom, her adopted brother and the only one of her siblings who reached old age, was already a young man. Svetlana had a lonely childhood, very few friends and was interested in literature and poetry. She was the only one that could influence Joseph Stalin. During the Great Purge, she managed to save the lives of many people just by pleading with her father to commute their sentences. She was 10 years old at the time. As a 16 yo teenager, she fell in love with filmmaker Aleksei Kapler, who was 20 years older. Stalin sends him to the Gulag because he was Jewish. Joseph Stalin himself married Nadezhda when she was just 16 years old and he was 39. Svetlana rebelled and married another Jewish man, but their union was short lived. Her first son Josef was born. Her second marriage disintegrates just as fast, but now Svetlana had a daughter too, Yekaterina. During WW2, Her brother Yakov was captured by the Nazis and Stalin refused to exchange him for Field Marshall Friedrich Paulus. Yakov commits suicide by throwing himself on an electrified fence. Vasili dies of alcoholism induced cirrhosis at just 41. After Stalin's death, Svetlana, now a single mother of two, fell in love with Indian translator Kunwar Brajesh Singh. When he dies, she traveled to Delhi to pour his ashes in the Ganges. In Delhi, Svetlana walked into the US Embassy and defected, bringing her first manuscript– 20 Letters to A Friend – to America. She publishes it and earns almost $1M. Most of her money was spent by William Wesley Peters, the world famous architect and vice president of the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation after their marriage and years living together at the Taliesin Fellowship. Her marriage to Peters ended, but they had a daughter together, Olga. She now goes by the name of Chrese Evans and lives in Portland Oregon. 1 In 1978, Svetlana, now Lana Peters became a US citizen. 2 Her older daughter, Yekaterina, is a volcanologist in Kamchatka Penninsula in Siberia. Her firstborn son Iosef, a cardiologist, died in Russia in 2008. She was never able to see them again after she fled from Russia. On November 22, 2011, Svetlana died of colon cancer, at the Richland center, a care home in Wisconsin. 3 Episode #Dubimeter: 20 1. Nicholas Thompson. My Friend, Stalin's Daughter. The New Yorker. March 2014. ⇤2. Steven V. Roberts. Stalin's Dauhter Confirms Marriaje to Architect. The New York Times. April 1970. ⇤3. Get.factual youtube channel. Stalin's Daughter - Escaping the Shadow. Youtube. July 2022. ⇤
PayPal Mafia - The Founders Story & Their Battle w/ EBAY w/ Jimmy Soni - BRT S03 EP36 (135) 8-7-2022 What We Learned This Week PayPal Mafia – alumni created or involved many other co's – Tesla, SpaceX, Palantir, Yelp, Yammer, LinkedIn, Facebook, YouTube & more PayPal had may contributors & a real long shot to happen during the DOTCOM Crash of 2000 Claude Shannon – creator of Information Theory, predecessor to the modern computer age, & algorithms Bell Labs was a classic Tech Incubator like Fairfield Semiconductor, Xerox Parc, Menlo Park – Edison / GE, Manhattan Project, Tuxedo Park PayPal sold to EBAY in 2002 for $1.5 Billion, prior to this, the two companies were rivals as EBAY wanted a different payment system Guest: Jimmy Soni, Author https://jimmysoni.com/ https://twitter.com/jimmyasoni https://www.linkedin.com/in/jimmysoni/ My books are passion projects. My topics come because I look for a book to buy on the subject and can't find one. I know it's supposed to be fancier than that, or that there must be some grand theory of my work, but there isn't one. That said, my readers seem to enjoy what I've written, so maybe it's fine? I am inspired by my literary heroes, including Robert Caro, Laura Hillenbrand, Candice Millard, Daniel James Brown, and Barbara Tuchman, among many others. They are all rigorous researchers—but reading their books doesn't feel like doing homework. That's what I'm going for, and hopefully I hit the mark a few times. For me, books are all-consuming projects, leaving little other time for the things that should populate this section like hobbies, interests, and even the ability to remain in basic touch with people. I enjoy obsessing over a subject for years, and my goal is to find as much information as possible and then make the material readable for a general audience. When not writing or reading, I spend time with my daughter in Brooklyn, NY. If you'd like to connect, please drop me a line at hello [@] jimmysoni.com. https://jimmysoni.com/books/ The Founders: The Story of PayPal and the Entrepreneurs Who Shaped Silicon Valley A definitive, deeply reported look at the origin of PayPal and its founding team, including Elon Musk, Peter Thiel, Reid Hoffman, Max Levchin, and others whose stories have never before been told. They defined the modern world. This experience defined them. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal_Mafia Paypal Mafia Elon Musk – Tesla, Space X, Boring Co. Peter Thiel – 1st FB Investor, AirBnB Investor, Founders Fund, Palantir Reid Hoffman – LinkedIn (sold to Microsoft) Max Levchin – Affirm, Investor in Yelp David O. Sacks – Geni.com & Yammer Chad Hurley – YouTube Russel Simmons – Yelp https://fintechboomer.com/guide-evaluate-the-founders-the-story-of-paypal-and-the-entrepreneurs-who-formed-silicon-valley/ https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-hindu-business-line/20220620/281758452959411 https://twitter.com/jimmyasoni/status/1488992532268732419 A Mind at Play: How Claude Shannon Invented the Information Age In this elegantly written, exhaustively researched biography, Soni and Goodman reveal Claude Shannon's full story for the first time. With unique access to Shannon's family and friends, A Mind at Play brings this singular innovator and always playful genius to life. https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-claude-shannons-information-theory-invented-the-future-20201222/ QUANTIZED COLUMNS How Claude Shannon Invented the Future Today's information age is only possible thanks to the groundbreaking work of a lone genius. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M9hfWiQKhcs&t=2s A Mind at Play | Jimmy Soni & Rob Goodman | Talks at Google Life in Code and Digits: When Shannon met ... - ScienceOpen Shannon is credited with the invention of signal-flow graphs, in 1942. He discovered the topological gain formula while investigating the functional operation of an analog computer. For two months early in 1943, Shannon came into contact with the leading British mathematician Alan Turing. Ed Thorp, Claude Shannon and the World's First ... - Winton https://www.winton.com › technology › 2018/07 › ed-t... Jul 13, 2018 — Thorp, 85, is a former American mathematics professor and hedge fund manager, who became a New York Times bestselling author in 1962 with his ... https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/15/magazine/15Battier-t.html The No-Stats All-Star Notes: Claude Shannon Bio – A Mind at Play (2017) Claude Shannon – mathematician & MIT professor created Father of Information Theory – How do you make info transferrable, & secure in wartime? Friend of Alan Turing (British Mathematician), both worked on coding in WW2, German code breaking scientists became celebrities in WW2 and raised funding The science behind compressing info, digitizing info and MP3 files, transfer data Mathematics Theory of Communication, Shannon's paper and theory considered the Magna Carta of information age. Great paper theoretically and practically. Shannon created algorithm called sigsally. Imitation Game – WW2 bio movie about Alan Turing Shannon's work used for Gun torrents on Navy ships, target projectiles Bell Labs – math group that Shannon was a part of Famous Groups of Genius - Menlo Park – Edison/GE, Manhattan Project – Built the A Bomb Fairfield Semiconductor – predecessor to Intel and other Silicon Valley tech co's Bell Labs had money and started as R&D Dept. in Bell Telephone Bell Telephone ran all land lines in America, had a Fed guaranteed monopoly on the phone system Bell invented touch tone dialing, transistor, satellite tech, cell tech, communication networks We are all affected by Bell tech and inventions, modern age owes a solid to Bell Had big group of talent and could afford all of it, leading scientists of the time. During WW2 many major U.S. corporations – Bell, Ford were recruited by the US Government. War effort created urgency – math used to shoot down the enemy. The Founders – story of PayPal (2022) Dot Com burst created urgency to Pay Pal, bleeding money, had to survive. Dotcom crash – companies started 1 day, & BK out of business next day. Rise like a rocket and crash in 2 years Next Gen of Genius Teams - Xerox Parc, Microsoft, Apple Music Producer – Brian Eno coined the term “scenious” Scene meets genius - Clusters of talent American Revolution – Hamilton, Jefferson, Washington, Adams, Franklin all together for 1 cause Inklings, Fugitive Poets, 1960's British Music scene, Bill Walsh 49ers Coaching staff of the 1980s Paypal is the story of many – Elon Musk, Peter Thiel, Max Levchin, Reed Hoffman Alumni of Fairchild Semi led to Intel, Atari and Xerox Parc led to Apple. Post WW2 Bell Labs pressure decreased compared to PayPal. Bell Labs allowed free wheeling, could work on a project for 10 years. PayPal “mafia” Alumni – Yammer, YouTube, Slide, Yelp, Palantir, Tesla, Space X, LinkedIn, investers in FB Ghostbusters – safe jobs at universities vs real world, they want ‘results' Pet.com star of 2000, went BK end of 2000 with Superbowl Ad David Sachs – Palo Alto was “Killing Fields” of tech co's when, Dot coms go bust NASDAQ lost 80% of value in 2000 crash, Crypto Winter of 2022 is analogy Dotcom bust forced PayPal to create a real business and profitable transfer user to paying clients This in a time of infant internet, AOL mailed internet CD to potential customers PayPal doing credit card payments online 20 years ago with dial up internet MB recap of PayPal, 100 to 1 odds. Four year crazy time for PayPal and internet companies. Paypal survives, goes public IPO (2001) and is acquired by EBAY for $1.5 billion 2002. Still top payment system 20 years later, even owns Venmo, another big payment platform Spun off from EBAY (2015) as of 2022 - EBAY market cap $26 billion, PayPal market cap $112 billion Paypal grew email payments and reconcile payments, EBAY did not want to handle payments, clunky. Meg Whitman, (of HP) was running EBAY in 2002. Paypal lived in fear of her. No playbook to build Paypal or EBAY Raising funding, running business, recruiting talent is all hard, start business from scratch. Online payments was revolutionary Reid Hoffman – Dad and firefighter of PayPal had to broker EBAY / PayPal deal Max Levchin – engineer of PayPal – heart of company. Classic immigrant story – ambition and interest. Have to determine appropriate balance of user growth and fraud to keep business going David Sachs – cop, person who brings discipline to product design, Dr. No, must add value. Peter Thiel is a biz guy, raised money and ran PayPal Really smart people in the room, how to settle conflict when they disagree, often happened at PayPal Sales vs legal battle is a classic fued in business Internet was ‘wild west' in 2002, five years old with Section 230 David Sachs was the user ally, user experience ‘conscious' of PayPal Sachs appreciated the user experience and design just like Steve Jobs of Apple Elon Musk ran for X.com – was merged with Confinity (Thiel / Levchin) to be called PayPal (2000), both were trying to create online payments. PayPal was a product of Confinity. Reid Hoffman “Dad/Fireman' of PayPal, had to be the adult and fix problems Book process for Jimmy - 270 interviews over 6 ½ years to create and write book on PayPal. Lesson – Email a ton of people, many will respond So many people made significant contributions to PayPal. Huge cast of characters at the water cooler. Book is about business, tech, personalities. Sign up for EBAY, set up bank account, get 2 small deposits of 2 cents and code. Called Random Deposit system, micro deposits, created by Sanjay Bhargava Julie Anderson – X.com alum, came with Musk. Created Omaha customer service hub for PayPal, she was from Omaha, NE. PayPal still a large employer in NE Jack Selby – raised financing worldwide from Europe, Japan etc. Jack Malloy – early investor and VC in PayPal. Thiel raised $100 million right before DOTCOM bubble burst. PayPal paying money people to use PayPal and get users, cash burn rate Amy Kleiment – unsung hero of PayPal, she understands the Full Picture - resolves conflicts – saw how design went with Ops – Amy was Part Ops – historian – therapist Analogy of Shane Battier – Michael Lewis article (No Stats All Star) on former Duke player, whatever NBA Team he goes to, they win, Battier is the glue of the team. Big strategic decisions matter and that's what is written about. The Interesting problem solving and execution to start and grow a company is often not done by CEO (who gets credit), but by unsung hero no one knows about. Lots of people are involved to build a business. Jimmy does not have tech background. Wrote a history of PayPal and the stories Greg Kouri created Zip2 with Elon Musk and his brother Kimbal Musk, their first company sold for $307 million in 1999 to Compaq database/software company. Musk reinvested the $ in X.com Epilogue – PayPal Mafia affected and inspired tech startups worldwide Chris Wilson taught PayPal story in prison with Stephen Edwards in prison for murder in Baltimore, MD (think The Wire). They taught inspirational story of the entrepreneur. No ceiling on success, past does matter if you add value to others. 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Born congenitally deaf and wrongly regarded as “slow” on account of her disability, Princess Alice of Battenberg chose a life of service to the poor and marginalized.Despite the many tragedies in her life she volunteered to help the wounded in WW1 and WW2, she almost got arrested by the Gestapo for saving Jewish families during the Holocaust, became a nun, was sterilized by Sigmund Freud after erroneously being diagnosed as a schizophrenic and died poor, after selling all her jewelry and possessions to help those less fortunate. If you like our content, please become a patron to unlock our premium episodes ad-free. Princess Victoria Alice Elizabeth Julia Marie of Battenberg of Greece and Denmark was the mother of Prince Philip, and mother-in-law of Queen Elizabeth II. A great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria, Alice was born in Windsor Castle on Feb 25th 1885 and grew up in Great Britain, Germany and Malta. A Hessian princess by birth, she was a member of the Battenberg family, a morganatic branch of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt. Despite the stigma attached to her illness, she learned to lip-read and speak in English, German and French by the time she was 8 years old. After her marriage, Princess Alice became involved in charity work, while her husband Prince Andrew continued his career in the military. In 1908, she visited Russia for the wedding of Grand Duchess Marie of Russia and Prince William of Sweden. While there, she talked with her aunt Grand duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna who was at the time working on plans for the foundation of a religious order of nurses. In 1913, King George V awarded her the Royal Red Cross in for her service helping the wounded. Princess Alice and her children were forced to shelter in the palace cellars during the bombardment of Athens by the French on 1 December 1916. They had to escape unrest in Greece twice, very traumatic experiences for her. 1 In France, Princess Alice became active in a charity organization for Greek refugees. She became deeply religious and, in October 1928, converted to the Greek Orthodox Church. Then her mental health started declining and Princess Alice was forcibly removed from her family and placed in an asylum, Sigmund Freud recommended “X-raying her ovaries in order to kill off her libido" and induce early menopause as treatment for “schizophrenia”. During WW2 she sheltered Jewish refugees, including the Cohen family, and helped them escape death, and for this she is recognised as “Righteous Among The Nations” by Israel's Holocaust memorial institution, Yad Vashem. In 2010, the Princess Alice was posthumously named a Hero of the Holocaust by the British Government. Her nursing order of nuns was named Christian Sisterhood of Martha and Mary. Princess Alice was also a chain smoker and played canasta. She passed away at Buckingham Palace on December 5 1969. She left no possessions, as she had given everything away to the poor. Initially her remains were placed in the Royal Crypt in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle, but before she died she had expressed her wish to be buried at the Convent of Saint Mary Magdalene in Ghethsemane on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem near her beloved aunt Elizabeth who was made a Russian orthodox saint, we think Princess Alice should be made one too. 2 1. Philip Chrysopoulos. Princess Alice, Philip's Mother, and Her Life of Philanthropy in Greece. Greek Reporter. July 2022. ⇤2. Timeline Documentaries. The Other Queen Mother: The Forgotten WW2 Hero: The Queen's Mother in Law. Youtube. August 2018. ⇤
Agatha Christie - The Murder Of Roger Ackroyd - Episode 2 - Agatha Christies Masterpiece of Whodunit! HI, I'm Christy Shriver and we're here to discuss books that have changed the world and have changed us. And I'm Garry Shriver, and this is the How to Love lit podcast. This is our second and final episode discussing Christie's breakout novel, the one critics claim is her very best, The Murder or Roger Ackroyd. Last week, we talked about the book in terms of it being a formal detective novel- a murder of manners as I read one critic describe the genre. We discussed the conventions of the style. We also introduced her most famous and beloved character, Hercule Poirot, and you left us, Christy, with a teaser saying you wanted to get back to the story of Christie, as in Agatha Christie and Poirot's relationship before we finish by spoiling for everyone who hasn't read it yet, who did kill Roger Ackroyd. So, Christy, and it is slightly confusing- calling you Christy and then her being Dame Christie. But even still,, here's the question to start with, Did Christie really hate Poirot? He made Christie quite a bit of money over the years. How could she hate a character that had been so good to her? Yes, I truly think she came to. The first reason I feel confident making this claim is that she wrote an essay titled “Why I got Fed up with Poirot”- Well, that certainly conveys at minimum a slight frustration. Yes- the title is a little catchy. I read the essay, and the first reason is simple, makes a lot of sense if you thnk about it. She was just saddled with him- she didn't know when she made him up that she was going to closer to him than most husbands and she made him deliberately annoying to be around. Some of her final words in that essay were advice to future writers and she says this, “I would give one piece of advice to young detective writers: be very careful what central character you create- you may have him with you're a very long time.” HA! So basically, his eccentricities the ones people find hilariously annoying just got on her last nerves over time. She said once that he was a “detestable, bombastic, tiresome, ego-centric little creep”. Which is, of course, a nasty way of saying some of the same things she's said about him in her books, but often in her books she uses gentler terms. He IS annoying- that's part of the schtick. He DOES brag and constantly reminds his suspects that he always uncovers their lies. Even in this book, up to the very end, he gloats and brags on himself from the beginning to end. Oh for sure! And since she wrote him in 33 novels, two plays and over 50 short stories. I can only imagine he was with her, at least in the back of her mind, always. If he's not like a husband, he's certainly like her child, maybe that's the right metaphor. But I do think it went even beyond her being annoyed with him, as a character. Poirot, in very obvious ways, limited her as a writer. In that same essay she also said this, “ My own Hercule Poirot is often somewhat of an embarrassment to me – not in himself, but in the calling of his life. Would anyone go and ‘consult' him? One feels not. So, it seems as if it bothered her that he wasn't as realistic as she would have written him, maybe later in life? I think it's something along those lines. He was a great schtick, but there was schtick element to it, in many ways. He didn't allow her to develop her writing or even her thematic ideas- he was just too silly. Her great- grandson, James Pritchard spoke to this to the BBC. He said that in her own words she wanted to “exorcise herself of him” but he was her- and again in her own words- “bread and butter”. He was of immense commercial importance to her, if not of great creative importance in some ways. According to Pritchard she had so many other ideas for books that weren't appropriate for Poirot, but her agents and publishers would come back and remind her he was his most popular character. And so, there was the conundrum…although I have to admit, I'd love to have a problem like that. Yes, I think many of us would, although I can kind of see where she's coming from. We hear actors from time to time express ideas similar that. Famously, I remember George Reeves, who was the original Superman, complained all the way until his strange and mysterious suicide that he just hated always being Superman. Or more recently, one example that comes to mind might be Daniel Ratcliffe who noticeably has worked incredibly hard to demonstrate that he is not just Harry Potter, but a versatile actor. What I find interesting about Christie's relationship with Poirot is that she was loyal or maybe even jealous of him. Explain that. She took great pains not to let anyone else have him. During WW2, Christie, like many patriotic British celebrities chose to stay was in London during the Blitz. In other words, not taking advantage of the privilege of wealth and fame to ride the war out in America or some other safe destination. If you remember, the Blitz is what we call the eight months during 1940-1941 when the Nazis sieged London as well as other large and important British cities with constant bombings. But choosing to stick it out during the bombings is not the same as not being concerned that the decision might cost you your life. Fearing she might not survive the attacks, she wrote two stories that killed off each of her most famous detectives – Poirot and Miss Marple. She included a provision in her will that the stories would be published if she were to die in the war. But fortunately for us, she didn't die in the war and Poirot hung around to annoy his creator for three more decades. True, and it wasn't until 1975, when her own health began to fail that , she finally published Curtain, the novel she wrote during World War II, which killed off Poirot. It wasn't but a few months later, in 1976, that Christie herself died- so you can see, she kept him around her entire adult life. I would tell you how Poirot dies, but you never want to give too much away about Christie novels- the surprises are the fun part- but it is a really great conclusion. Oh and one more thing- and this is really to Poirot's credit, maybe more than Christie's, the public reaction to what Christie did in her final novel was so tremendous that Hercule Poirot was the first ever fictional character to get a front page obituary in the New York Times. On August 6, 1975, a headline ran announcing, “Poirot is Dead; Famed Belgian Detective; Hercule Poirot, the Detective, Dies”. Incredible! Truly, so back to our story. Last week, we talked about all the ways, The Murder of Roger Ackroyd fits the bill for a traditional formal detective novel: the setting, the characters, the weapon, the investigative style, all of it cul minating in a happily ever after ending where the world is left back in an orderly fashion- where justice is served- you even brought up the mah jong game, and even suggested that Christie may even be constructing a subtle argument that life is better in community playing by the rules. Where life is better lived when and where people interact and engage each other deliberately- where people organize and live according to commonly agreed-upon rules of engagement…or something like that…And now this week, we are going to see that all that talk about rules is just a cruel joke to seduce us into a game where she is NOT going to follow the rules of the game. And here's the spoiler, so if you haven't read the book, unplug now…fair warning….drum roll for the reveal….. the narrator is the murderer!!! That's unfair!!! Even according to Christie's own set of rules. And yet is it? and I assume, by rules you are referring to the rules of the Detection Club. In 1930, a group of mystery writers, Agatha Christie, among them but also others one example being, interestingly enough, the AA Milne who's most famous for giving us Winnie the Poo. The Detection Club actually still exists, btw. You have to be formally invited, and obviously it's prestigious. But, to be a member, you swear an oath- and of course, it's a bit tongue in check but you are asked to foreswear any of the bad practices of mystery writing. Garry, read for us the oath. “Do you promise that your detectives shall well and truly detect crimes presented to them using those wits which it may please you to bestow upon them and not placing reliance on nor making use of Divine Revelation, Feminine Intuition, Mumbo jumbo, Jiggery-Pokery, Coincidence or Act of God? It's awesome, and gives you a distinct impression that this is a fun bunch to be associated with. The Detection Club hosts formal dinners and other social things, but also The members collaborate with ideas, encourage each other with their individual works and even at times have co-written books together. Beyond the oath though, they also have what they call the “fair play rules” of detective novels. There are ten of them. One rule is that the detective himself will not commit the murder. But here's the one that people claim Christie broke with Dr. Shepperd. Rule number 9- let's read that one And I quote- The stupid friend of the detective, the Watson, must not conceal any thoughts which pass through his mind; his intelligence must be slightly, but very slightly, below that of the average reader. What we have to recognize, and what is so awesome about how Christie wrote the book is that Dr. Shepperd, the narrator who is actually our murderer never lies tp us. He never conceals anything that happens during the investigation at all really- the facts are the facts. He faithfully relays what is going on. In one sense of the word, he is faithful to us, but, of course, as we reread the book knowing that he's the murderer- we can see that we are deliberately misled at every point. Here's one example of what I'm talking about. On the night that Ackroyd is murdered, Shepperd is the ONLY one with him. He's the last one to see him. Naturally, that should make him the first and perhaps most important suspect. Everyone knows that, but in our minds we dismiss the obvious…until we know than it jumps out on the page. Let's read the actual murder scene as we know it no in retrospect. Page 43 So, from the first read, we think Shepperd walked out before Ackroyd read the letter. Shepperd intends for us to read it exactly like that. And of course- everything here is true- Well, there are only a few omissions literally accounting for only give minutes of narrative- he left out the small detail that he murdered Roger Ackroyd, ran down to the summerhouse, took Ralph Patton's shoes out of a bag, slipped them on, walked through mud, left prints on the window ledge, climbed in the same window, changed back into his own shoes and raced down to the gate. HA!!! Well, it turns out a lot can happen in five minutes. But it's also not inaccurate to say, as he did say in summary- he left with nothing left undone- meaning he staged the murder exactly as he wanted- nothing undone. And yet, Christie gets everyone to just blow right pass that omission- which when I read the book the second time jumped out at me as being obvious. How does she make us dismiss him? I'll admit the thought crossed my mind that Shepperd should be a suspect. There were things that were odd, but I ended up quickly dismissing anything that would make me even question him. Exactly, for one thing, we have been conditioned by Sherlock Holmes and Watson, and Christie plays with this. We expect the sidekick to be naïve and overconfident- look at the rules of fairplay- of being of slightly lower intelligence than us. Watson always is. Also, if you have read any other Poirot story, you would really be at a disadvantage because even Poirot has a sidekick- one he references in this book- Captain Hastings. What Christie has done is make a parody of the old model. She used our own experience of reading other detective novels against us. She's kind of mocking the model, is some sense. In other words, She's toying with our prejudices and previously held assumptions- encouraging us to entertain our own unconscious biases- to use a term we would use for this default judgement nowadays. We don't even realize we're doing it- it's unconscious. I think so, we don't even know we're doing it, and yet we do- and she does this while clearly and making the most important clues the most obvious- with one exception- the dictophone. There's only one reference to that and it is a passing reference, and some people have said that's not fair, but I think that's just sour grapes- to use a reference to Aesop's fables. The other clues are very prominent. Poirot is quick to point out that the arm chair is out of place. This is a very important clue. In fact, it's obvious to the reader the Christie wants us to know it's important, but we don't know what to do with it. That's how I felt about the telephone call. Poirot references it multiple times, and literally says if we could make sense of the phone call, we would solve the mystery. We know the phone call is the most important thing, but that didn't help me solve it. I never did understand it until Poirot explained it. And Shepperd's double-talk is really everywhere. Look back at what Shepperd said about the last time he spoke with MRs. Ferrars before her suicide. He said, “Her manner then had been normal enough considering-well-considering everything.” We think he means considering the fact that she'd killed her husband, but what he actually means, considering everything- considering that she killed her husband AND that he was blackmailing her. Well, my favorite deception is the one where Dr. Shepperd hollers at Ackroyd, while knowing he's dead. He breaks down the door then states this to us the reader and let me quote him directly, “Ackroyd was sitting as I had left him in the armchair before the fire. His head had fallen sideways, and clearly visible, just below the collar of his coat, was a shining piece of twisted metalwork.” That IS EXACTLY how he left him, but we are left to assume he meant- except for the knife in his neck, but he doesn't actually say that. WE think it on our own. We construct the rest of the statement with our own unconscious biases. Of course, the knife wasn't in his neck, that would mean Dr. Shepperd killed him which of course he couldn't have. He's the narrator, so we unconsciously add something to the narrative that is not there. It's very clever wording. Changing directlions just a little bit. I want to talk about a trick that Poirot does over and over again that I didn't catch on to until Poirot's revelation at the very end. Poirot gives out quite a few false stories. We really shouldn't believe eveyrthing he says at all. Had I understood he did that, I might have had a fighting chance at following Poirot's line of reasoning, although likely not. Poirot is the one with a habit of fabricating stories, or little false lies, not Shepperd. There was the fake experiment with Flora the one where he was trying to see if Flora had actually gone in the study, or if she had just gone in front of the study to get to the stairs that led to Ackroyd's bedroom. But that's not the only one, and we're at least told about that one. And In that case, Poirot regularly lets Shepperd into his confidence about his lying, which made me think Poirot trusted Shepperd. He admitted to Shepperd the truth about the ring when that lie was told as well as the fake newspaper story. Christie misleads us to the assumption that Poirot implicitedly trusts Shepperd because he was telling Shepperd some things. We assume he is telling Shepperd everything, if not explaining any line of reasoning. But he wasn't, we find out later that Poirot had fabricated an entire family member. Another point that becomes clear in the all important chapter 23, that's the chapter about little reunion, is that even Poirot agrees with Shepperd's retelling of the investigation. Poirot even compliments Shepperd for his faithful retelling of the investigation. It's kind of an interesting section once you understand Poirot knows Shepperd is the murderer. Poirot doesn't let on anything. Shepperd confesses to Poirot that he has been writing the account of the murder in book form and had 20 chapters already written. Poirot asks to read it, referencing his old friend Hastings. After he finishes reading Shepperd's account- ironically while sitting in Shepperd's own workshop where he built the contraption he was going to use in the murder, Shepperd asks Poirot what he thinks. Let's read Poirot's carefully chosen comments- knowing that we now know on the second read that Poirot knows he's talking to the murderer. Page 255 Such irony- Poirot is deceiving the deceiver. And when we get to the little reunion, it becomes obvious that Poirot had been concealing a LOT of things from Shepperd including the fact that he had hidden Ralph Patton the whole time while letting Shepperd frame him or at least appear guilty to everyone. Another really ironic line from Dr. Shepperd is what he says to us the readers the moment Ralph Patton walks out. It's the first sentence of chapter 24, Shepperd sees Ralph coming in and he says, “It was a very uncomfortable minute for me.” I imagine it really was. And yet, even at this point with that kind of comment in our faces, we still don't suspect the doctor of being the murderer. But we definitely should. Shepperd confesses that he secretly went to Ralph Patton, talked him into abandoning his wife and then stashed him in a hospital. When Poirot brings out Patton, it's uncomflrtable because Shepperd was the one that had hid Patton. Poirot wasn't supposed to know where he was at all. When Patton walks out, what's uncomfortable for Shepperd is realizing that Poirot has known for a long time where Patton was hidden, and if Poirot knew where he was hidden, he knew who was responsible for hiding him. Awkward. True, but maybe Christie's biggest deception as far as what she's concealed from us the readers and that kept us from suspecting Shepperd is that we really didn't see him as having a motive. Why kill his friend? And he and Ackroyd were clearly friends. What made Dr. Shepperd commit this heartless crime? Part of the fun of reading a detective novel is understanding how someone committed a crime. That is more fun than understanding they why of why they did it. We know from real life that people kill for so endless reasons some of them terribly meaningless, we don't need a lot by way of justification. But in this case, Dr. Shepperd doesn't seem the type to commit a random murder. He didn't have a clear personal issue with Ackroyd, either. They don't seem in love with the same woman, so we have to rule- crime of passion- out. It's hard to imagine Shepperd would do it for the money either, although doctors weren't necessarily rich in those days, they were employed and Shepperd expresses no real habits that would be high-dollar like gambling or traveling or anything like. But maybe more importantly, doctors just normally seem committed to saving lives rather than ending them- and he's seeing patients all the way to the end of the book. There's no obvious motive really. Poirot answers this for us very subtextually in chapter. He has come back from Cranchester, knows Shepperd is the murderer, and tells Caroline and Shepperd as well as us, the readers, why he did it- of course Caroline thinks he's talking about Ralph Patton. Page 202 Christie speaks about weakness several times and has Caroline call her brother weak several times. It's not necessarily evil, as we generally define evil, which I find very interesting- but of course is absolutely IS evil in this case because it leads to the taking of life. Yes, and from a historical perspective, this is where I find that knowing something about the author's background changes my understanding of what she is saying. We know Christie publishes this novel in 1926. She was a nurse during WW1. No one in Europe was untouched by evil. Everyone was trying to understand it and confront it, but most were unsuccessul. It is out of this kind of madness that we get great thinking and writing of a different kind, writers like Kafka, Sartre, Dostoyesky, Camus were all talking about the purpose of life, the cause of evil, the ability to keep from committing physical and/or mental suicide- of finding purpose in meaningless tragedy- that sort of thing. Hemingway and Fitzgerald even Steinbeck on this side of the Atlantic were doing the same thing. In fact, in our next book we're going to get neck deep in Camus' ideas of the absurd as expressed in the Stranger. Knowing this was what people were dealing with and writing about makes it safe to infer that Christie was not oblivious to the thoughts of the age and certainly not above making her own commentary on the essence of evil. Evil, embedded in the heart of every man, is an ancient idea- not an original one. It's even a Biblical idea. But she situates it in a claustrophobic, safe enclosed environment- not a chaotic warzone. There are no outside forces forcing people into impossible moral compromises. She illustrates something different. There is weakness from within regardless of the environment- it is in a single, seemingly simple but brilliant country doctor, a man who is a community icon- the bastion of propriety and virtue in his world. Which of course, makes him invisible to everyone, even us the readers. Are you suggesting Shepperd embodies her ironic social commentary? She's engaging her postwar countrymen while appearing to NOT engage them- it's very Hercule Poirot-like. I kind of see it that way- I can only imagine what she saw in those patient beds during the war days. If it is anything close to what Walt Whitman talked about it must have supported the idea of a deeply embedded weakness in every human being- good people showing up maybe even confessing to having committed horrible atrocities to themselves and others. There were easy opportunities for exploitation too, beyond just the obvious war zones. Exactly the source of PTSD in a lot of people. Which brings us to the solution of our murder. So, at the very end, chapter 20, it finally occurs to Shepperd that Poirot may not be so easily fooled as he originally thought…and I quote, “it occurred to me that there was not much which escaped Hercule Poirot”. Poirot invites all of the suspects over to his house for, as he called it “a little conference”. This conference will even include the notorious Ralph Patton, although no one knows that until he reveals himself. But of course, in typical detective book fashion, they all go to the meeting. Before we get there, though, I do pause for one more funny aside and bring up a comment Caroline makes about men, Oh dear. I know, right, in chapter 22, Ursula is making a confessional to Caroline basically admitting that she had said some very nasty things to Ralph Patton that she regrets saying to which Caroline responds with this deep and insightful life lesson for us all, “Never worry about what you say to a man. They're so conceited that they never believe you mean it if it's unflattering.” So, Garry, what do you think about that little comment…is it true? Well, all I have to say is that Caroline has been wrong about everything else. I don't know why you'd start taking life lessons from her now? This is the same woman that is trying to fake being a vegetarian to a world-class detective. True, but funny. Which us brings us back to chapter 23. This is where Dr. Shepperd gives over to Poirot his narrative of the events of the murder investigation. It's also where Poirot collects all the suspects in a single room. Dr. Shepperd should have been worried when Caroline tries to maneuver an invitation to the activity and is rebuffed with this comment, “I should much like to have had you present, mademoiselle, but at this juncture it would not be wise. See, all these people tonight are suspects. Amongst them, I shall find the person who killed Mr. Ackroyd.” That should have tipped off not only Dr. Shepperd but the reader as well. Why does Dr. Shepperd get to go, unless of course, he's a suspect? It's a fun chapter to read really. Part of the fun of the detective story is reconstructing the thought processes that led to the discovery- we get to identify with the detective as well as the murderer. In this chapter, we do both- and we get to identify creatively with all of the little crimes of all the secret- keepers, Ursula, Mrs. Russell, Flora. He discloses everyone's secrets one by one, and so far everyone is getting a happy ending. After everyone leaves, we are left alone with Dr. Shepperd and Poirot and hence we have our confrontation. Dr. Shepperd reveals all the details of the murder, and we, as readers, are shocked and confused as to how we missed it up to that point. Ironically, Shepperd's book that he wrote with the idea of monetizing Poirot's greatest failure as a detective, ironically has turned out to be something of a confession. Let's read the final interaction between Poirot and Dr. Shepperd. Page 282 The final chapter, the Apologia is positioned as if it were Dr. Shepperd's suicide note- except Dr. Shepperd just told us that above all, he is no fool. And this is where the story gets ambiguous- are we to believe that this guy committed suicide? Poirot tells him to. He tells him to rewrite his book and confess to the murder- which I guess he does since that's what we're reading. But does he? The apologia in many ways is him boasting about how far along he actually got. He doesn't express remorse, and I quote, “I suppose I must have meant to murder him all along.” He goes on to say, “I am rather pleased with myself as a writer.” He literally quotes himself bragging about how he concealed the murder in the pages of the book we just read. We now see in this very confessional that not only is he a flat out deceiver, but the object was not necessarily to deceive Poirot as it was to deceive the readers of this narrative. So….does he do it again….are we deceived in thinking he's killed himself and taken the Veronal…or does Dr. Shepperd get away? Ha! Clearly Christie doesn't live within the world of perpetual sequels or telenovelas or she just might have written, to be continued. Well, we hope you've enjoyed our discussion on one of the world's favorite mystery writers and her stand out crime story- The Murder of Roger Ackroyd. IT certainly has been fun for me. And speaking of fun, please don't overlook our merchandise- if you're interesting in supporting the podcast or just need a fun happy for someone…we've got you covered..stickers, mugs, tshirts…all the things…they are there with our teaching materials on our website www.howtolovelitpodcast. Also, always feel free to connect with on social media- fb, insta, twitter, linked in- or simply via email.
The Earth is vast and full of wonder. One of those wonders is Antarctica. We know very little about this giant continent. In 1946 the United States Navy launched Operation HIGHJUMP - led my Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd. During a flight expedition, Byrd speaks about allegedly entering a massive opening towards the inner Earth, were he saw unfamiliar flying objects and very tall buildings (skyscrappers). Also he reported of a massive land mass enriched with many natural resources. During WW2 the Nazi's build a military base in Antarctica and there's also reports of UFO's entering and exiting the surrounding waters. There's always has been a cloud of mystery about Antarctica, join our conversation on the other intriguing aspects of Antarctica, possibly the biggest continent on Earth. --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/mindhacked/support
During WW2, many allied air crews were shot down in Europe. Some escaped, some were captured, but many others became victims of Lynchjustiz (lynch justice). These lynchings were committed not just by Nazi officials, but civilians as well, as Nazi propaganda emphasized the air war. Author Dr. Kevin T. Hall joins us for a look at this difficult topic.
During WW2 the Allies devised an incredible plan to fool German Intelligence into thinking they would invade Greece instead of Italy. Twitter: the historical crimes and criminals podcast
During WW2 the Allies devised an incredible plan to fool German Intelligence into thinking they would invade Greece instead of Italy. twitter: the historical crimes and criminals podcast email: thehistoricalcrimespodcast@yahoo.com Operation mincemeat, Ben Macintrye, Bloomsbury books, 2016 Deadly Deception, Denis Smyth, OUP Oxford, 2010 militarywiki/operationmincemeat
Alexis is wearing the Shock Collar this morning! Today's question: During WW2 the government rationed sugar, and so for a few years, trick or treating wasn't allowed. After the war ended, candy companies wanted to get people into it again so they started a spooky advertising campaign. It involved a specific group of characters that would wear Halloween costumes. After a few short years, trick or treating became an annual staple again. What group of characters are credited with helping re-ignite the country's interest?
Missionary. Agent. Inventor. Charles Fraser-Smith fought his war from a workshop, creating the real-life equipment that would inspire one of Ian Flemings' most beloved creations - Q, the MI6 quartermaster. During WW2, Fraser-Smith was the mind behind some of the British spy's most essential kit in the fight against the Nazis. Vanessa Kirby meets the man behind the gadgets. Could YOU bring it back in one piece? From SPYSCAPE, the home of secrets. A Cup And Nuzzle production. Charles Fraser-Smith is voiced by Tom Hayes. Series producers: Gemma Newby, Joe Foley. Produced by Leo Hornak. Music by Nick Ryan.
This week we take a look at a historical mystery. We look into the mystery of Yamashita's Gold. During WW2 legend has it that the Japanese military hid trillions of dollars of gold, jewels, antiquities, etc. in the Philippines… Did it really happen? Sponsors Lucy Nicotine – Lucy.co (code: GRAVE) Hello Fresh – HelloFresh.com/graveyard14 (code: graveyard14) Raycon – BuyRaycon.com/tales Thank you, Jeff Wampler, for helping with the research!! Check out our sources below for more info and to continue learning! Please Rate & Review us wherever you get your Podcasts! Mail us something: GYT Podcast PO Box 542762 Grand Prairie, TX 75054 Leave us a Voicemail! 430-558-1304 Our Website WWW.GraveYardPodcast.com Patreon https://www.patreon.com/GraveYardTales Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCc20nfy1wzhlb8jeJoYXa4w Rumble – GraveYard Tales Podcast Do you want GraveYard Merch?!?! Go to https://www.teepublic.com/stores/graveyard-tales?ref_id=22286 to get you some! Visit Podbelly.comto find more shows like us and to get information you might need if you're starting your own podcast. Thank You Darron for our Logo!! You can get in touch with Darron for artwork by searching Darron DuBose on Facebook or Emailing him at art_injector@yahoo.com Thank you to Brandon Adams for our music tracks!! If you want to hear more from Brandon check him out at: Soundcloud.com/brandonadamsj Youtube.com/brandonadams93 Or to get in touch with him for compositions email him at Brandon_adams@earthlink.net Our Contacts WWW.GraveYardPodcast.com Email us at: GraveYardTalesPodcast@gmail.com Find us on social media: Twitter: @GrveYrdPodcast Facebook: @GraveYardTalesPodcast Instagram: @GraveYardTalesPodcast Sources https://theunredacted.com/the-legend-of-golden-lily-yamashitas-gold/ https://www.pacificatrocities.org/blog/the-legend-of-the-golden-lily-operation https://www.britannica.com/biography/Yamashita-Tomoyuki https://www.history.com/news/wwii-yamashita-treasure-roxas-marcos-gold-buddha https://www.history.co.uk/shows/lost-gold-of-wwii/treasure-hunters-explore-tunnel-booby-trapped-with-poison-gas https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ikIYr3O8OM Yamashita's gold - Wikipedia Rogelio Roxas - Wikipedia How a Locksmith, a Dictator and a WWII General Are Connected to $22 Billion in Lost Treasure - HISTORY The Mystery Of The Missing Billions: The Hunt For Yamashita's Lost WWII Gold (warhistoryonline.com) Tunnel Found | HISTORY
This podcast with Dr. Aaron Hartman is an advanced tune-up on using food as medicine and other functional medicine foundations. As an allopathic doctor with a functional medicine background who's also a published researcher and a farmer, Dr. Hartman has a unique perspective on how to best serve patients. Remember to Subscribe
During WW2 a Dutch Artist sold a forgery to the Nazi Party. In todays episode we look at the forger Han Van Meegeren and his legacy. twitter: the historical crimes and criminals podcast Email: thehistoricalcrimespodcast@yahoo.com allthatsinteresting.com/lee-israel-true-story www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11415893/Lee-Israel-literary-forger-obituary.html www.theartnewspaper.com/archive/van-meegeren-s-secret-supplies www.historyhit.com/nazi-sympathiser-or-national-hero-the-strange-story-of-han-van-meegeren/ www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/may/27/wasnt-cock-a-hoop-fooled-experts-britains-master-art-forger www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4230476/Master-forger-selling-imitations-legally-auction.html www.thecollector.com/han-van-meegeren/ En.Wikipedia.org/wiki/han_van_meegeren www.essentialvermeer.com/misc/van_meegeren.html news.artnet.com/art-world/shaun-greenhalgh-notorious-art-forger-974735
During WW2 the Nazis were obsessed with twins. Dr Joseph Mengele committed horrible atrocities against children including Eva and Muriam Moses. Were on the web@ www.coffeemurderandmystery.com Follow us on Facebook, subscribe to our YouTube channel Follow our Instagram @coffeemurdermystery You can find us on Twitter @coffeemurder_ You can email us at coffeemurdermystery@gmail.com References: https://www.history.com/.amp/this-day-in-history/the-angel-of-death-dies https://www.britannica.com/biography/Josef-Mengele https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alfred-Rosenberg https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alfred-Rosenberg https://www.ushmm.org/collections/bibliography/medical-experiments https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenics_in_the_United_States https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32387532/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_Remembrance,_Responsibility_and_Future Please see the below for music credit and license: https://www.thedarkpiano.com/creepy-piano-music https://soundcloud.com/myuu This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License Background music credit Credit to https://www.FesliyanStudios.com for the background music.
Today if you are a woman you are likely to live into your eighties. But what to do with those extra couple of decades? Dawn French is best known for her comedy and acting and is now an author long listed for the Women’s Prize. She talks about reinvention and still being relevant at any age. Kate Wilson talks about her court case against the Metropolitan Police and the National Police Chiefs Council. She's taking the legal action because she fell in love with a man who wasn't who he said he was. He was an undercover policeman whose job was to infiltrate environmental protest groups. Women's Football is seeing a huge growth in interest and exposure but there's some concern that the commentary of women's matches is too soft on mistakes and ends up sounding patronising. Ben Bloom, Telegraph sports columnist and commentator and Jacqui Oatley commentator and founding member of Women in Football discuss whether commentary should become more critical as the success of the game develops. Nazanin Zaghari Ratcliffe has been sentenced to another year in an Iranian prison and has been banned from travelling abroad. Her husband, Richard Ratcliffe talks about how Nazanin felt after hearing about the sentence and what it means for their family. Betty Webb MBE is 98 years old. During WW2 she worked at Bletchely Park and briefly at the Pentagon. She talks about promoting and remembering her war time experiences. How does the order in which we are born into our families affect us and our whole lives? The writer Lynn Berger discusses why people choose to have a second child and what does it mean to be one. Presenter: Anita Rani Producer: Paula McFarlane Editor: Lucinda Montefiore
Part two of one of the toughest topics we have covered at TTWT. During WW2, as Nazi ideology overtook Germany and her people, millions of Jews were forcibly sent to concentration camps and killed. But their stories (and fates) were far from simple, and the hate and racism that formed the foundation of the Nazi party bred evil, and cruelty that no living being should have to endure. This week, Hannah talks about the human experimentation that happened in concentration camps by order of SS doctors who saw their prisoners as no more than lab rats, and themselves as medical and scientific geniuses on the cusp of revolutionary discoveries. Listen, to discover the inhumanity that results when hatred, prejudice, and racism are allowed to play out to their ends. May mankind never fall so low again. This one is rough, to say the least. Trigger warnings: death, mutilation, rape, torture, child abuse, etc. Huge shoutout to our newest Patreon donor: Emerald Perez! Thank you for all your support! For further reading on the atrocities committed SS "doctors", please check out the sources linked below.Sources: (follow the linkmix link below to see the list of individual sources; there were too many list on Buzzsprout)https://linkmix.co/3985060
In this episode, I share the story of Rita Cowan, a young woman who helped take Scotch Whisky to Japan more than 100 years ago. Hello and welcome to Adventures in English, a weekly podcast for English language learners covering a range of topics often, from a Scottish perspective. I'm your host Jenni. In this episode. I'd like to tell you about a remarkable Scottish lady who helped to take one of Scotland's most famous products, Scotch whisky to a whole new market and a new country more than 100 years ago. Her name was Rita Cowan and she was born into a middle class family in 1896, her father was a doctor and she was the oldest of 4 children. She grew up in the small town of Kirkintilloch, near Glasgow where she experienced a fairly typical middle class upbringing, she attending the local schools and also learning to play the piano.When WW1 struck she was engaged to be married, but her fiance was tragically killed in the conflict. In 1918, her father died and so the family chose to take in a lodger to help pay the bills. The lodger was a 25 year old Japanese man called Masataka taketsuru, he was studying at Glasgow University and had been sent to Scotland by the drinks company he was working for to discover the secrets of making malt whisky so that he could take this back to Japan and open a distillery there.It didn't take long for Rita and Masataka to fall in love and despite strong family opposition they got married in Glasgow in January 1920.After two short apprenticeships at Scottish whisky distilleries where Masataka learned how to make whisky, it was time to return to Japan, it's hard to imagine just how Rita must have felt at travelling thousands of miles to a new country with an unfamiliar language and culture, leaving behind her family, her friends and the life she had known. She was to spend the rest of her life in Japan.On arrival in Japan, things did not go to plan and Masataka had to wait several years before he had the chance to make whisky. During this time, Rita taught English to help make ends meet while learning all she could about Japanese culture and language. Masataka taught Chemistry. Eventually Word got out about Masataka's knowledge of whisky making and he was soon hired by the founder of Suntory whisky to get Yamazaki Distillery, Japan's first ever whisky distillery up and running.10 years later in 1934 Masataka and Rita were finally able to open their own distillery in the North of Japan in a small town called Yoichi, they chose the area because the climate was similar to Scotland, when they built the distillery they even planted some heather, one of Scotlands' most famous plants. Masataka had finally achieved his dream of running his own whisky distillery but It was thanks to Rita's connections through teaching English that they got the investment they needed to make that dream come true.They settled into life in Yoichi but During WW2 life became difficult . Despite the difficulties, Rita remained in Japan with Masataka. Nikka whisky went from strength to strength and the distillery is still run by the family today. Sadly Rita died in 1961 and Masataka much later in 1979. They are both buried in Yoichi and their legacy lives on. The main road in Yoichi has been named Rita road and Rita also helped to establish a nursery school there before she died, known as Rita nursery. Yoichi even has its own tartan. Here in Scotland, there's a permanent exhibition about her in Kirkintilloch at the local Town Hall. Today Rita and Masataka are known as the Mother and Father of Japanese Whisky in Japan. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/adventuresinenglish/message
In today’s episode, I want to talk about an idea I call fifth-generation management. 1/ Fifth-generation management is an emerging style of management we don’t know much about because it doesn’t actually exist yet. But it is guaranteed to emerge post-Covid because historically, big sharp disruptions have reliably triggered discontinuous changes in management culture, and it is already clear that this one is doing that.2/ The idea of generations in management, in the form I’m going to lay it out, is causally related to the idea of generations of warfare, and in particular the idea that contemporary styles of warfare strongly shape future styles of management. So if there are generations in warfare, they are going to cause generations in management. Military ideas are not the only cause of course, but I’m going to argue that historically they’ve been the strongest one. Strong enough to almost be determinative. During WW2 for instance, business and military culture became almost the same thing for a few years.3/ This is not a universally popular idea because a significant number people find even the business-as-war metaphor distasteful, let alone the suggestion that military culture directly shapes business culture, or worst of all, that it is in fact the dominant source of business thinking. But personally, I’ll admit I’m enough of both a military nerd and a management nerd that I actually find the connection stimulating rather than depressing to think about. And I have a little bit of history here, my research during my PhD and postdoc fifteen-twenty years ago was on military command and control models, and a lot of my consulting work draws from that experience.4/ For better or worse, the connection between military and business evolution happens to be historically solid, and seems set to remain true. In the past this was much stronger, due to a large number of men serving in wars and then entering business, and business being male-dominated. Today, the coupling mainly has to do with relative rates of technology adoption in military vs business evolution, and to a lesser extent, shared exogenous events affecting both military and business affairs.5/ Before we get into it, a couple of caveats. First, as with any clean, linear, sequential or cyclic model applied to a messy branching, evolutionary reality, you have to apply it very tastefully. You have to think like a historical artisan, matching up the conceptual boundaries of a constructivist notion you’re working with to real history. And where they don’t line up, actual historical events should shape your thinking rather than the abstract idea of one sequence of generations driving another. Second caveat, don’t make the mistake of thinking that each generation fully displaces the previous one in either military or business. Instead, it adds a new layer, and the older layer simply gets confined to a small zone of the action. Generations accumulate like geological layers, they don’t displace each other.6/ To understand the management version, we have to understand the military version first. The idea of generations of warfare was popularized by William S. Lind, who coined the term fourth-generation warfare around 1980. It became the dominant style in actual warfare after the Iraq War, which was probably the last major third-generation war.7/ I have illustrated the generations in the lower half of the diagram. The story basically starts with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, after the Thirty Years War. The first generation lasted almost 150 years. The second generation lasted about 100 years from 1815 to 1915, the third about 65 years from 1938 to 2003. The fourth, I will argue, only lasted about 15 years, from 2003 to 2020, and Covid will trigger a shift to a fifth generation.8/ The first generation was based on final abandonment of medieval warfare, and relied on early smooth-bore muskets. It utilized uniformed, paid armies fighting for nations rather than feudal lords, or mercenary companies. It involved what is known as line-and-column warfare. Think of armies marching in long columns towards strategic targets. Maybe a little large-scale maneuvering and flanking, but lacking the communications and intelligence capabilities to do more.9/ The second generation stretches roughly a century from the end of the Napoleonic wars, around 1815 to World War I. It was based on the development of rifled breech-loading guns, interchangeable parts, and early electronic communications with the telegraph. Technology improved steadily so that WW1 was quite different from say the war of Mexican independence. But the broad style is what’s known as attrition warfare between roughly evenly matched forces in numerical and materiel terms. Armies bogged down in trenches or extended sieges. In second generation warfare, usually the side with the greater economic resources eventually prevails, as in the US Civil War.10/ Third-generation warfare was developed primarily by the German military in the interwar period, and is what is usually called Blitzkrieg in the historical case, or maneuver warfare in more modern terminology. It makes use of fast-moving mechanized infantry, tanks, and sophisticated local communications to move very fast behind enemy lines, maneuver and reorient rapidly in response to changing situations, and collapse the enemy from the inside. 11/ This is the style that was developed and refined by John Boyd, and is roughly what lasted all the way through the Iraq War. In third-generation warfare, often an asymmetrically smaller and technologically primitive force can beat a larger, technologically superior force. This is the style that is based on the OODA loop, which we talk about a lot.12/ This asymmetric outcome potential often creates a conundrum around how to establish the peace after the victory, because economic superiority may not line up with military superiority. In the case of WW2, eventually the Allies got better at maneuver warfare, the Germans got worse and backslid into 2nd generation to some extent, and economic superiority prevailed. And after the war, the Allies won the peace with the Marshall Plan, which was second-generation peace thinking. So in a way WW2 was actually a Generation 2.5 war.13/ Third-generation warfare is also what is sometimes called total war, where you fight with unsentimental professional skill to win. It’s not about honor or fair-play, and deceit, cunning, and cheating are considered legitimate. This means it can get really ugly by design. In older styles of warfare, you would have a collapse of honor norms like “giving quarter,” but for third-generation warfare, which is an extremely rational kind of warfare, you had to have things like the United Nations laws and the idea of war crimes and trials. Because everything from gas chambers to concentration camps is otherwise on the table.14/ Now fourth-generation warfare is best defined not by how war is fought, but by who fights the war. In some ways the Vietnam War for the US, and the Afghanistan War for the Soviet Union, were both early fourth-generation wars. But proper fourth-generation warfare requires non-state actors who can operate with near capability parity on many fronts, which requires the internet and cellphones. It also often has non-state actors with more legitimacy than mere third-generation terrorist groups, and state actors that have much less legitimacy than they used to in the past. In a way, the Peace of Westphalia made states the legitimate combatants, and the Great Weirding is reversing that legitimacy after almost 400 years.15/ Of course, as we’ve all learned by now, fourth-generation warfare, since about 2003, also means dank memes, influence operations, fake news, and disruption of political processes, especially democratic ones like elections, using social media. A good example is modern conflict like Syria involves both state forces, in this case Syria and Russia, as well as ISIS and a people’s resistance. Or Ukraine. It is what is sometimes called hybrid or nonlinear war, and Russia has been the leading practitioner of it. Arguably, the West has been subject to a fourth-generation war attack for four years from Russia.16/ And of course this mix has always been present in warfare in some form, but what distinguishes 4th-generation warfare is that guerrilla goals shape the conflict via leveraged high-tech digital means, instead of just being subject to first, second, or third generation logic, or limited to violent terror tactics. This also means guerrilla goals become top-level political goals, instead of being subsidiary to the goals of a sponsor state. Guerrilla goals are what Henry Kissinger described with his famous line: “The conventional army loses if it does not win. The guerrilla wins if he does not lose.” 17/ In other words, fourth-generation warfare brings guerrilla goals to the political table directly. It is not total war, but what I call infinite war: it brings infinite-game war goals, into the picture, the goal being to continue the game rather than win it (infinite game in the sense of James Carse). It’s a true fourth-generation war if at least one top-level combatant is fighting with the guerrilla goal of simply staying in the game, rather than trying to win formally in the sense of a declared war, getting the opponent to surrender, and doing so without a state sponsor. Sometimes of course, the guerrilla actually wins in a conventional sense, in which case they often struggle to transition from a stateless actor to a state actor, as with the Taliban.18/ Okay, now that we have our four generations lined up, let’s talk about how that connects to generations of business management. To do that, I want to talk about an episode you may have heard of, called the Millennium War Games, but you probably haven’t heard anything like my spin on it.19/ Briefly, the Millennium War Games were games held in 2002 in which the Blue Team, operating by a doctrine called Network Centric Warfare or NCW, was defeated by Red Team, led by Marine Corps Lt. Gen Paul Van Riper, operating by standard third-generation Boydian doctrines. NCW was basically a very high-tech model, using satellites and surveillance and tight synchronization. Basically “how would we fight a war with the internet on our side.”20/ Van Riper avoided electronic communications and instead used motorcycle messengers to communicate, and attacks with fishing boats to destroy the Blue Team. Basically, using relatively low-tech and irregular forces to operate in the blind-spot of the high-tech larger adversary that was overconfident in its technological ability. Classic OODA loop style conflict.21/ The normal interpretation of the outcome is that low-tech with superior strategic thinking beats high-tech with weaker strategic thinking, but this is simplistic. It also doesn’t explain why, 50 years after Blitzkrieg was recognized around the world, the Blue Team would operate against the logic of third-generation warfare. The key point to note here is that the war games were primarily naval, and NCW was a doctrine that emerged out of the US Navy and its relationship to technology, specifically from an essay by Admiral William Owens in 1996. 22/ This is not an irrelevant fact. Navies have historically been the highest-tech branch of the military, but not in the sense of adopting the newest, shiniest tech. They are the highest tech in the sense of using the most technology, in the most complete and systematic way, to vertically integrate operations all the way from satellites to bullets. They are platforms. Today for example, the US Navy operates carrier groups, the most advanced version of this thinking.23/ Aircraft carriers are obviously the most sophisticated technology in military use. They run actual little air forces and missile defense and offense that are superior to the entire militaries of small nations. They use satellites. They have destroyers, submarines, anti-submarine capabilities, all operating in coordination. And this has been true going back centuries. Large capital ships were hugely expensive technological marvels even in the age of sailing ships, and money and technological superiority can overwhelm a historic maritime tradition sometimes, as happened in the 18th century when France under Jean-Baptiste Colbert’s administrative leadership briefly pulled ahead of more naval nations like the UK and the Dutch in capability.24/ On the other hand, prototypical third-generation warfare is best exemplified by the US Marine Corps. It’s not exactly a low-tech force, but you could say it selectively uses a few really high-tech bits in an otherwise low-tech style of fighting. The same is true of special forces, but to a greater degree of tech early-adoption. Third-generation warfare you could say is an early-adopter of technology that uses it in a small-scale but highly leveraged and strategic way. It’s the military equivalent of a startup, while navies are the military equivalents of large enterprises.25/ These military startups don’t just use new technology, they rapidly evolve tactics through trial-and-error in actual conflict, and build out strategies and doctrines bottom-up, in real-time, adapted to the current conflict. And this is not because they’re smarter than navies, but because they play a different role: usually offensive, high-speed, messy and ground level.26/ Navies on the other hand, usually play a very different role. Their firepower is primarily deployed from a distance and with overwhelming scale, in what’s called stand-off mode. A modern carrier group will park itself outside a battlespace and send hundreds of sorties into the warzone, launch hundreds of missiles, conduct economic blockades or humanitarian activities, and in general create a sort of boundary condition for the rest of the war. Their job is to create and maintain boundaries, not maneuver within them.27/ In fact, historically, navies have been most powerful when they simply stood off to the side and did nothing. This is one takeaway from Alfred Thayer Mahan’s classic The Influence of Sea Power Upon History. It also applies to nuclear power, which has a similar effect (so nuclear deterrence enforcing the peace). Notably, Boydian thinking emerged out of fighter warfare and doesn’t have much to say about that side of warfare. The point is that complex, systemic technological capability is just a very different sort of weapon, and you have to apply generational thinking separately to it. 28/ Sometimes navies play a more active, maneuvering type third-generation role, as in the Atlantic war against U-Boats, but in general, you could say that navies play a late-adopter, complex systems platform technology role in warfare, while marines and special forces play an early adopter, startup role. If you want to apply the four-generations model to navies, you have to do it separately. I won’t get into how to apply the four-generation model to these boundary-condition parts of the military, but it’s possible.29/ The quick version is that both have a role to play in modern warfare, just as both startups and large companies have a role to play in the tech economy. If your takeaway from the Van Riper Millennium war games episode is that you should give up high-tech complex military capabilities and network-centric operations, and run a cheap military using motorcycle messengers, and fishing boats, you learned exactly the wrong lesson. 30/ In fact all the conflict since 2002 shows the opposite. Network-centric warfare is what’s actually dominating war zones, though not in the doctrinal sense Admiral Owens imagined. Russia, ISIS, China, and other actors who are good at this all operate in a network-centric way. It’s just not in the form that the US NCW doctrine envisioned, but much messier and bottom-up. Missing this point is like thinking all companies should be small startups and that the Googles and Amazons can’t possible work.31/ A better way to think about it is that you should pursue hot military objectives with marines style startup action, but consolidate victories and preserve the peace with navy style network-centric type systemic capabilities. Both have a role to play in every generation of warfare. You could say marines win wars while navies preserve the peace. Though of course in modern conditions, there is never really clear hot war or cold peace, or cold war and hot peace, but a continuous partial warm chaotic conflict.32/ Okay, that was a very long preamble, which was unfortunately necessary because most people make military-to-business connections without knowing much of the relevant military history. But we’re now ready to make the connection to business management generations. I’m going to state it in the form of two laws, and then describe the four generations in relation to the top half of the diagram. 33/ The first law is: On average, business management generations lag military generations by one.34/ This is an average in two ways. The first is across branches of the military. Military startups, marines and special forces, might be 1.5 generations ahead of management cultur, innovating tactics based on the most promising new technologies. Air forces and armies might be 1 generation ahead, using more proven technology, and navies might be 0.5 generations ahead, deploying the most proven technology at the most complex scale. 35/ The second is across time. You may have heard the line that generals are always prepared to fight the last war. This means, every significant new war causes a paradigm shift. It’s like a staircase evolution, and on average, military management culture is ahead. And in a world like ours, where we’re nearly continuously at war somewhere, the saying actually is pretty meaningless.36/ The second law is: The evolution of business management is driven by more frequent, but smaller magnitude, exogenous events. So it has a much smoother evolutionary profile. Every war is an exogenous disruption to business, but not every exogenous business disruption drives evolution in warfare. Business is also driven by political events, economic crises, financial crashes, and many more technologies than warfare. Every military crisis is a business crisis, but not every business crisis is a military crisis.37/ For those of you who follow the computer industry, an analogy to laptops and phones versus gaming consoles is useful here. Gaming consoles are like military technology, they have sudden jumps in capabilities every few years, as specialized chips are designed and launched. But phones and laptops evolve more smoothly with smaller jumps. They eventually catch up and even briefly overtake the console market. But then the consoles jump ahead again.38/ So if you apply these two laws, you get a description of four generations of management that loosely correspond to the four generations of warfare, but with roughly a lag of 1 generation, and a smoother evolutionary profile. So let’s take them in order, as shown in the diagram.39/ First-generation management, which is roughly the mercantile era, overlaps with the first generation of warfare in time, but resembles medieval warfare in structure. It is a little longer by about 25 years, about 1648 to 1854, the London Crystal Palace World Fair. It relies on ways of running businesses that would be familiar to people in the 15th and 16th centuries. Medieval management.40/ Second-generation management, which is roughly the Robber Baron era, roughly 1870 to 1930, loosely resembled first-generation warfare. It features paycheck employees, a traditional column and line type approach to business operations, and leadership that looked a bit like 17th century military leadership. It established large business empires that resembled colonial empires, and used relatively primitive communications based on mail and telegraph to maneuver a little but, but not a lot.41/ Third-generation management, which is roughly the familiar modern managerial era in the old economy, resembles second-generation warfare. It stretched from roughly the Great Depression to 1997, and has two clear phases. In the first phase, about 1935 to 1980, we had a heavily state-regulated corporatist environment, and in the second phase, from 1980 to about 1997, we had a deregulated environment. But despite the differences, the key feature is that professional managers ran the show, and the competition had some of the trench warfare attrition characteristics of WW1. Competitors were roughly evenly matched and were trying to wear each other out in the market.42/ Finally, getting into modern times, fourth-generation management, which is roughly the entrepreneurial era, resembles third generation warfare. It stretches from the dotcom boom and the rise of Clayton Christensen’s disruption model, which is really maneuver warfare for business settings, all the way to 2020. It features charismatic founder-entrepreneurs, rather than professional managers, setting the agenda. Just like third-generation warfare, it puts marines/special forces type startups in the center, and navy-like systemic capabilities on the margins. In the fourth-generation, HBR, Michael Porter and McKinsey took a backseat, while Silicon Valley and the VC blogosphere was in the spotlight.43/ There’s a lot more to be said, but that’s the basic model. Take the military generations, subtract one, adjust boundaries, smoothen the evolutionary curve, and you get management culture. 44/ Which brings us to fifth-generation management. Obviously, Covid and what I call the Great Weirding have been a huge disruption for both military and business. Obviously, climate action is already starting to shape the agenda in a very significant way, and business-to-business or military-vs-military competition is almost taking a backseat while society-to-nature competition is front and center. We are fighting a two front war, with the virus on one front and climate on the other. Neither will be the same coming out the other end. So what can we expect?45/ First, military affairs are in uncharted territory. The US military for instance, is dealing with dangerously unstable domestic politics where they might become a factor for the first time since the Civil War. Syria and Ukraine were fourth-generation wars, but already fifth-generation situations are cropping up all over the place, like the urban conflicts in Western cities, detention camps for refugees, and so on. I won’t go deep into military futures here.46/ But business affairs are in somewhat of a clearer situation. By applying the first law, we can already predict that fifth-generation business will look at least partly like fourth-generation warfare, 2003-20. In other words, like Syria or Ukraine. Just as non-state actors shape fourth-generation warfare, non-business entities will shape fifth-generation business. This includes culture war groups fighting for social justice, climate action nonprofits, governments administering post-Covid recovery funds, and so on.47/ There is also stuff that’s already been recognized, ranging from open-source communities and the gig economy, to the blockchain economy, and various moves towards home-based economic activity and work-from-home that is outside the financial economy. 48/ But the big thing is that there are a large number of reckonings that have to be dealt with. Besides climate, we have the trade war, we have China turning into a new kind of evil empire and surveillance state, we have the techlash, we have financialization on Wall Street, we have a world awash in fiscal responses to Covid. And in the middle of all this, we have supply chains breaking down, wildfires, and other climate-related disruptions.49/ A lot of what I write about on this newsletter is looking at various aspects of all this. The three main projects I have going here all are about researching the background context against which fifth-generation management is emerging, though that’s not the main motivation. In the Great Weirding series, I’m looking at how the equilibrium has been destabilized over the last five years. In the Clockless Clock project, I’m looking at how new temporalities are displacing the clock-based temporality that has coincided with all four generations of war and business, since the invention of the pendulum clock in 1657. In the After Westphalia project, I’m looking at the future of the nation-state.50/ Trying to figure out how to manage military or economic affairs against this complex backdrop is the task of fifth-generation management in both domains, and it will be probably take us all the rest of our lives to figure it out. But at least we now have a starting point and a sense of the nature of the challenge. A lot of this thinking came out of my last few years of consulting work, with clients who are already practicing fifth-generation management, and I’m currently trying to put together an online course based on this material. So if that interests you, stay tuned. There will be an update on that front soon.This has been one of the occasional free podcast issues of the Breaking Smart newsletter, where I send out an essay a week. Usually an installment of one of my longer series projects, which I just mentioned, and occasionally one-off stand-alone essays. So if you liked the ideas in this issue, do subscribe. Get full access to Breaking Smart at breakingsmart.substack.com/subscribe
Today I bring you a conversation with Cindy McBrayer about Le Chambon-sur-Lignon a place of refuge. During WW2 this small town and neighboring villages became a heaven for Jewish children who were on the run from the Germans and from French authorities who collaborated with them. Would you like to be a recipe tester for Annie's cookbook? Email her! I’m always surprised by how many novels get released today but are set in WW2! This is a fascinating time period when humanity’s best and humanity’s worst had to battle it out and decide who was going to come out on top. The folks of Le Chambon sur Lignon made the most generous and courageous choice and we talk about it today. It’s also a lovely place to visit and definitely off the beaten track. I should mention that we often refer to it as Chambon in the episode, but it’s Le Chambon-sur-Lignon that we’re talking about, there’s another town 2.5 hours drive away called Chambon, don’t go to the wrong place! Recommended in this Episode Lovely inn in Rochepaule, 30 minutes away from Le Chambon. Hotel L’Escapade (converted private school). Owners live on site, and have a well-known, lovely small restaurant “Restaurant Maryse et Eric”. Reservations recommended. Books About Le Chambon The latest, and an EXCELLENT book about Le Chambon, then and NOW….is The Plateau, by Maggie Paxon. If you can only read one, make it this one! Article about Le Chambon from Time Magazine Village of Secrets, Defying the Nazis in Vichy, France, by Caroline Moorehead A Good Place to Hide, How One French Village Saved Thousands of Lives during WWII, by Peter Grose. This one is easy to read. Lest Innocent Blood Be Shed, by Phillip Hallie Hidden on the Mountain, by Karen Gray Ruelle. (stories from surviving children) More episodes about French History Email | Facebook | Instagram | Pinterest | Twitter Did you get my VoiceMap Paris tours yet? They are designed for people who want to see the best of Paris neighborhoods and put what they are looking at into historical context. There are so many great stories in Paris. Don't walk right past them without having a clue what happened there! You can buy them directly from the VoiceMap app or click here to order activation codes at the podcast listener discount price. Discussed in this Episode Le Chambon-sur-Lignon WW2 sites in Lyon Izieu Les Cevennes Tence WW2 book recommendations Driving in France Support the Show Tip Your Guide Extras Patreon Audio Tours Merchandise If you enjoyed this episode, you should also listen to related episode(s): Wine Touring in Beaune, Burgundy, Episode 128 Top Attractions in Lyon, Episode 113 Chamonix, Annecy, and the Alps, Episode 121 Cindy McBrayer in Le Chambon-sur-Lignon Read more about this episode Guest Notes Categories: Active Vacations in France, French History, Lyon Area
Lena was born in Australia at the end of the 19th century from Aeolian parents. During WW2 and in the post-war period she dedicated her time and hard work to assisting Italians in Australia, and even in Italy. - Nata in Australia da genitori eoliani, Lena divenne una figura di riferimento importantissima per gli immigrati italiani durante la Seconda Guerra Mondiale e nell'immediato dopoguerra.
This week learn all about Indiana's first capital city, famous tree stumps throughout the state, and an enormous cow! Local history can also be some of the most interesting! During WW2 the Soviet Union created all female bomber squadrons. The most fierce of these groups was the 588th Night Bomber Regiment also known as the "Night Witches" because of their deadly attacks on the Nazis. This week's side dish is all about Joey and Stock's fond memories of high school. Listen and enjoy!
“Paratroopers are about the most peculiar breed of human beings I have ever witnessed. They treat their service as if it were some kind of cult, plastering their emblem on almost everything they own, making themselves up to look like insane fanatics with haircuts to ungentlemanly lengths, worshiping their units almost as if they were a God, and making weird animal noises like a band of savages... [but] generally speaking, the United States Paratroopers I’ve come in contact with are the most professional soldiers and the finest men I have ever had the pleasure to meet.”This unattributed quote sums up the unique role that paratroopers have played in the wars of the 20th and 21st centuries. With the invention of the airplane, military strategists imaged troops clinging to the wings of Wright Bros. flyers and landing in enemy trenches. Such plans never came to fruition, but technical advances made it possible to drops thousands of soldiers with reasonable safety and accuracy. During WW2, Nazi Germany's paratroopers (Fallschirmjäger) had incredible success in Norway and the Netherlands and even rescued Benito Mussolini in a commando mission. Over 22,000 of them were dropped on Crete. Allied paratroopers famously landed in France on the eve of D-Day, making Operation Overlord a possibility.In this episode, we look at the origins of paratrooping, its function in war, and how it was part of the evolution of military strategy in the 20 century, in which different combat arms were integrated to achieve complementary effects.
Dom Gervase Hobson-Matthews was a monk who trained and taught at the Benedictine run Downside Abbey. During WW2 he served as a chaplain to the 1st Artillery Division. He kept a diary that chronicled his experience helping troops to withdraw from the beaches of Dunkirk where he was killed in June 1940. Days before his death, he rejected an opportunity to return home. To mark the 80th anniversary of the Battle of Dunkirk the Abbey’s Director of Heritage Dr Simon Johnson tells us about Dom Gervase’s courage and martyrdom through archive and extracts from Dom Gervase’s diary. The screenwriter and novelist Frank Cottrell-Boyce has written a new book for a bible study series called “How the Bible Can Help Us Understand Forgiveness”. He discusses the subject with Marina Cantacuzino, founder of the Forgiveness Project, which collates powerful stories of forgiveness from around the world. The Saudi authorities have yet to officially cancel this year’s Hajj. Whilst the Muslim world has been celebrating Ramadan, they have not had to make this difficult decision but after Eid everyone will be asking if the Great Mosque in Mecca can re-open at the end of July for the most important pilgrimage in Islam. Emily discusses the problem with Dr Carool Kersten, Reader in the Study of Islam & the Muslim World at King’s College London. Producers Carmel Lonergan Catherine Earlam Editor Christine Morgan
During WW2 a body washes up on a beach with some top secret documents on it... but how did that body get there? It's a story with the greatest codename ever... Operation MincemeatBuy tickets to our live shows here: https://dogoonpod.com/events/Our website: dogoonpod.comSupport the show and get rewards like bonus episodes: patreon.com/DoGoOnPod Submit a topic idea directly to the hat: dogoonpod.com/Submit-a-Topic Twitter: @DoGoOnPodInstagram: @DoGoOnPodFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/DoGoOnPod/Email us: dogoonpod@gmail.comCheck out our other podcasts:Book Cheat: https://play.acast.com/s/book-cheatPrime Mates: https://play.acast.com/s/prime-mates/Our awesome theme song by Evan Munro-Smith and logo by Peader Thomas See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
The Royal Aero Club of Western Australia is the oldest flying training club in WA. It was incorporated in August 1929 as the Aero Club of Australia (W.A. Branch) Inc. and first flew its aircraft from Maylands Aerodrome in April 1930. On that date, the Club officially took over training from Perth Flying School with two de Havilland DH.60 Moth aircraft donated by the Federal Government. During WW2 the Club ceased operations but following the end of the War the Club was re-established in Maylands. The Club moved its operations to Guildford Aerodrome in 1959 and then to Jandakot Airport in 1965. Former General Manager and Head of Instructor Training for the Club John Douglas joined us to talk about their fascinating history and the Clubs 90 anniversary.
Welcome to Unsolved Mysteries of the World, Season 6 Episode 1, The Bald MountainThe territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC. During the Middle Ages, the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture, with the powerful state of Kievan Rus' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity.Following its fragmentation in the 13th century, the territory was contested, ruled and divided by a variety of powers, including Lithuania, Poland, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Russia. A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries, but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire, and finally merged fully into the Russian-dominated Soviet Union in the late 1940s as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.In 1991, Ukraine gained its independence from the Soviet Union in the aftermath of its dissolution at the end of the Cold War.Today, Ukraine is a developing country trying to emerge out of years of corruption and war, but history always seems to stranglehold the land. Today, the Crimean Crisis is still bringing the past horrors into a new era.But this is nothing new to Ukraine. The past always seems to come forward, especially around old castles, cursed lands, dark forests and strange mountains.The Bald Mountain, is a very mystical place known not only in Kiev but across Ukraine. Currently recognized as a park, in ancient times it was a place where pagans and magicians performed their rituals. Many locals still prefer to bypass this terrain for a couple of reasons.First of all, in different historical periods, it featured a fortification system, a garrison prison and a military headquarters and the site of many battles.Secondly, it was the place of execution of state criminals with one of the mountain glades still showing signs where the gallows had been.Thirdly, people say that area negatively affects the human psyche and people often feel ill and many suicides have taken place within the park.All of this has caused many to believe that the park is haunted by the past – from knights, soldiers, to the criminally insane to the more modern suicide victims. There have been several witnesses to seeing apparitions within the forest late at night and hearing the cries of those wrongfully convicted.There are three main parts in the park – The first one is called Rusalka ravine, since it is located by the lake where mermaids are said to have lived. The second one is the ravine of the Witches, where ancient sabbaths took place. The third and the biggest part of the mountain is called the Dead Men grove, where many ancient burial grounds were discovered.Prior to the introduction of Christianity the pagan religion was popular in this area, and the Bald Mountain was the place of worship for the followers. Pagan priests carved out dungeons in the mountain, where they stored books, sacred artifacts, and treasures. After paganism was officially banned, the priests moved into those dungeons, in hopes to create a new gospel, which would combine the old Slavic and Christian beliefs to accommodate the populace who were believers in both religions. Their gospel was passed down by word of mouth, and is reflected in many Slavic myths and fairy tales. Even now, stone plates with inscriptions are still being discovered around the place.Over the centuries, the writers left the dungeons and sealed the underground passages. After them, the Christian monks started visiting the mount to perform penance and prayer, and to build their own underground monastery.During the time of Peter I, it was decided that a defensive fort was best build on top of the mountain to protect the city. A fortress was construction with underground reservoirs to store water from the river as well as many secret underground passages and dungeons. In case of defeat, the fortress could be flooded with the help of the reservoirs trapping those inside.Besides that, the reservoirs were also the place to drown the disobeying peasants – about 3000 human remains were found there.In the first half of the 19th century, the area was populated by monks, who peacefully cultivated fruit, vegetables, and engaged in bee-keeping. In 1897 the fortress on top of the mount became a warehouse, where gun-cotton, a highly flammable explosive, was stored.In 1918, the gun cotton storage area exploded leaving the warehouses and area destroyed. The government at this time decided to seal up any underground entrances to prevent injury.In the beginning of the 20th century, the fortress served as a prison, and the area around it as the execution grounds. More than 200 criminals were executed by hanging on the large mount.During WW2 the mount was by German forces and a staging area for an armoured division of Tiger Tanks. Tank Crew, including commanders noted in their reports several phenomena that they described as paranormal. Special Nazi investigators even went to the forest to document the cases.Today, the area around Bald Mountain still attracts paranormal enthusiasts with anunderground world still unexplored and artifacts to be discovered. During excavations archaeologists found a pit with burned books, decapitated chicken skeletons, plaques with inscriptions and human remains. They also noted a strange feeling about the place that they attribute to the magical past of the lands.You can visit the park both in the day and at night. You will note several cave entrances, tunnels and underground structures. There are also several pagan symbols still visible throughout the area and if you do visit in May you may come face to face with a ritual as Pagan's, satanists and self-proclaimed warlocks converge on the location to celebrate a holiday in which sacrifices are made to an ancient god.Ironically, shortly after this celebration is when police are notified of suicide victims hanging from the trees.Locals will warn you, however, that perhaps it is best to avoid this area altogether, no matter the month, or hour.To see photos and videos about this fantastic place please visit our facebook page. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
What group or people do we de-humanize? Democrats? Republicans? Muslims? Black people? White people? The list goes on, why do we objectify people? During WW2 the Germans strategically under social strategy got the general population to dehumanize many groups of people. People with brown hair, the elderly, the handicapped and mainly the Jews. That society thought they were better and the slide started slowly. First it was shunning them, then it was abusing them, then it was plundering and finally it was all out violence and genocide. What are parallels in our society today? What prejudices do we hold against groups of people? It's not necessarily about loving a certain group of people to death, but respecting all persons. No matter where they are from, what color their skin is or what religion they practice. If they are a human being then you will find similarities! Don't pass judgement when you see people. Realize that from your misunderstandings, you judge. You don't know what they have been through, what their story is or how they got to the place they are at. You don't know what another persons life has been like, you do not have the right to judge their persons. Obviously, stay safe, if they seem to have bad intentions then simply stay away, but no need to pass eternal judgements on people. Sometimes we can be so cruel and we don't even know it. What do we say or do because we think that 'they' are different than us? We are ignorant of the things we haven't been through. Realize that all you are seeing is a specific side of that person. From Les Miserables by Victor Hugo, talks about how terrible things happen with innocent people! Society passes harsh treatments on desperate but kind people. We don't know their story, we don't know them. We should be part of the solution, not the problem. Other Resources: Greg Denning Trips! Leaving Smallville- How to Think and Live Bigger Your Ignorance is Astounding
This week we are taking a trip down under to Australia! During WW2 with the fear of an invasion from the Japanese, the Australians asked for assistance. So the American army comes to offer assistance, what they didn't realize is they had brought a serial killer with them. This episodes of course is filled with the bumblebutt humor you have came to love! Follow us on Instagram! Follow us on Twitter! Email us - bumblebuttpodcast@gmail.com
During WW2, a US Navy Lighter-Than-Air craft embarks upon a mysterious and odd journey, eventually culminating in something almost as strange as blimps themselves.Sources:http://www.historynet.com/mystery-of-the-ghost-blimp.htmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-class_blimphttps://jalopnik.com/reddit-lays-70-year-old-unsolved-blimp-mystery-to-rest-883224308Art:Elou Carroll's work can be found at the following:https://www.instagram.com/eloucarrollcreative/https://www.instagram.com/eloucarroll/https://eloucarroll.com/https://www.eloucarrollcreative.com/Music:♫ Track: [Electro Swing] Ritorikal- Jive [No Copyright Music]♫ Watch: https://youtu.be/gPBzBJ75kgs[Support Ritorikal]- Patreon: http://patreon.com/ritorikal- Twitter: http://twitter.com/ritorikal- YouTube: http://YouTube.com/ritorikal- SoundCloud: http://soundcloud.com/ritorikalMore info at mysterpodcast.com!
During WW2 the feminist and writer, Vera Brittain, spoke out against the saturation bombing of German cities. Her stance won her enemies in Britain and the USA. Vincent Dowd has been speaking to her daughter Shirley Williams about the impact of her campaign.Photo: Vera Brittain at Euston Station, London, in 1956. Credit: Central Press/Hulton Archive/Getty Images
During WW2, the USA quietly bombed Hiroshima.
Reach Us Here: Doug- @DJDoug Strickland- @NiceGuyonBiz Bob Roitblat - @BobRoitblat Show Notes by Show Producer: Anna Nygren Bringing Together Success and Reality Like Peanut Butter and Chocolate In this episode, Doug and Bob discuss: Reese's and its history Defining innovation Where to put the focus Truisms of business Key Takeaways: Hershey's bought Reese's in the 60s During WW2, sugar was rationed but peanuts weren't so the founder H.B. Reese made an innovative decision to incorporate peanuts If you focus on the customers and the problem that you're trying to solve, you may ultimately disrupt the market You can't be the low price leader unless you're the low cost leader "[Innovation] is a novel idea that proves to be useful and valuable." - Bob Roitblat Connect with Bob Roitblat: Twitter: @BobRoitblat Website: http://www.roitblat.com/ Nice Guys Sponsor: Interview Valet is the best podcast booking service. They are the leader in Podcast Interview Marketing to help you easily turn listeners into leads. Nice Guys Links Support the podcast at www.Patreon.com/NiceGuys Subscribe to the Podcast Niceguysonbusiness.com TurnkeyPodcast.com - You're the expert. Let us help prove it. Podcast Production, Concept to Launch Book Doug and/or Strick as a speaker at your upcoming event. Amazon #1 Best selling book Nice Guys Finish First. Doug's Business Building Bootcamp (10 Module Course) Survey: Take our short survey so The Nice Guys know what you like. Partner Links: Amazon.com: Click before buying anything. Help support the podcast. Interview Valet: Get interviewed on top podcasts and share your message. Acuity Scheduling: Stop wasting time going back and forth scheduling appointments Social Quant - Boost your Twitter following the right way. Targeted reach Promise Statement: To provide an experience that is entertaining and adds value to your life. Don't underestimate the Power of Nice.
During WW2, C.S. Lewis did a series of radio lectures on the subject of Christianity. These lectures were later published in a book: Mere Christianity. In his lecture on hope, Lewis reminded his audience that hope is not “a form of escapism or wishful thinking, but one of the things a Christian is meant to do.” He continued: “It (i.e., hope) does not mean that we are to leave the present world as it is. If you read history you will find that the Christians who did the most for the present world were just those who thought most of the next.” He finished his point with these now famous lines: “It is since Christians have largely ceased to think of the other world that they have become so ineffective in this. Aim at heaven and you will get earth ‘thrown in’: aim at earth and you’ll get neither.” – C.S. Lewis, Mere Christianity, (118, Hope) To paraphrase Lewis, “Lay up treasures in heaven and you’ll get treasures on earth ‘thrown in’: lay up treasures on earth and you’ll get neither.”
This week The Language of Bromance gives you a history lesson about some botched Assassination attempt. Throughout history there have been a few botched missions that come right out of a sketch comedy routine. During WW2 two men were given the task of taking out a high ranking SS officer. Their stroll to his location consisted of one of the men picking flowers along the way. When time came to take the shot their gun was jammed with flowers.
K-Heavy Battery was a 155mm gun position located at Point Peron, Western Australia. During WW2 it protected the Southern approach to the strategically important port of Fremantle during WW2. Featured is part of an interview with artillery expert Phil Rowson on the history of K-Battery.
During WW2 the Western Australian island of Rottnest hosted a key link in the Fremantle Coastal Defence Fortress. It was there to protect Fremantle, a strategic port and submarine base from enemy attack.
During WW2, the US Navy's Patrol Wing Number 10 operated PBY Catalina Flying Boats from Matilda Bay in Perth.
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