Podcast appearances and mentions of Edward Glaeser

Suzanne O'Sullivan is a neurologist who sees many patients with psychosomatic disorders. Their symptoms may be psychological in origin, but their pain is real and physical — and the way we practice medicine, she argues, is making those and other health problems worse. SOURCES:Suzanne O'Sullivan, neurologist and author of The Age of Diagnosis How Our Obsession with Medical Labels Is Making Us Sicker. RESOURCES:The Age of Diagnosis: How Our Obsession with Medical Labels Is Making Us Sicker, by Suzanne O'Sullivan (2025)."Associations of Depression, Anxiety, Worry, Perceived Stress, and Loneliness Prior to Infection With Risk of Post-COVID-19 Conditions," by Siwen Wang, Luwei Quan, Jorge Chavarro, Natalie Slopen, Laura Kubzansky, Karestan Koenen, Jae Hee Kang, Marc G. Weisskopf, Westyn Branch-Elliman, and Andrea Roberts (JAMA Psychiatry, 2022)."How beliefs about coronavirus disease (COVID) influence COVID-like symptoms? – A longitudinal study." by Liron Rozenkrantz, Tobias Kube, Michael H Bernstein, and John D.E. Gabrieli (Health Psychology, 2022)."Risk factors for worsening of somatic symptom burden in a prospective cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic," by Petra Engelmann, Bernd Löwe, Thomas Theo Brehm, Angelika Weigel, Felix Ullrich, Marylyn Addo, Julian Schulze Zur Wiesch, Ansgar Lohse, and Anne Toussaint (Frontier Psychology, 2022).The Sleeping Beauties: And Other Stories of Mystery Illness, by Suzanne O'Sullivan (2021).Brainstorm: Detective Stories from the World of Neurology, by Suzanne O'Sullivan (2018)."The Trauma of Facing Deportation," by Rachel Aviv (The New Yorker, 2017).It's All in Your Head: True Stories of Imaginary Illness, by Suzanne O'Sullivan (2015).The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma, by Bessel van der Kolk (2014)."Explaining the Rise in Youth Suicide," by David Cutler, Edward Glaeser,and Karen Norberg (National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001). EXTRAS:Counted Out, documentary (2024)."Bringing Data to Life," by People I (Mostly) Admire (2023)."Adding Ten Healthy Years to Your Life," by People I (Mostly) Admire (2023)."America's Math Curriculum Doesn't Add Up," by Freakonomics Radio (2019).Race to Nowhere, documentary (2010).Data Science for Everyone.

Jon Hartley and Edward Glaeser discuss the latter's seminal work on urban economics, zoning, land use regulation, and economic growth. They also discuss industrial policy, the important role of human capital and education in economic growth, as well as why crime has rebounded in recent years. Recorded on August 26, 2024. ABOUT THE SPEAKERS: Edward L. Glaeser is the Fred and Eleanor Glimp Professor of Economics at Harvard University, where he has taught economic theory and urban economics since 1992. He also leads the Urban Economics Working Group at the National Bureau of Economics Research, co-leads the Cities Programme of the International Growth Centre, and co-edits the Journal of Urban Economics. He has written hundreds of papers on cities, infrastructure and other topics, and has written, co-written and co-edited many books including Triumph of the City, Survival of the City (with David Cutler) and Fighting Poverty in the U.S. and Europe: A World of Difference (with Alberto Alesina). Ed has served as director of the Taubman Center for State and Local Government and the Rappaport Institute for Greater Boston, editor of the Quarterly Journal of Economics, and chair of Harvard's Economics Department. He is a fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Academy of Political and Social Science, and the Econometric Society. He received the Albert O. Hirschman prize from the Social Science Research Council. He earned his A.B. from Princeton University in 1988 and his Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Chicago in 1992.    Jon Hartley is a Research Associate at the Hoover Institution and an economics PhD Candidate at Stanford University, where he specializes in finance, labor economics, and macroeconomics. He is also currently a Research Fellow at the Foundation for Research on Equal Opportunity (FREOPP) and a Senior Fellow at the Macdonald-Laurier Institute. Jon is also a member of the Canadian Group of Economists, and serves as chair of the Economic Club of Miami. Jon has previously worked at Goldman Sachs Asset Management as well as in various policy roles at the World Bank, IMF, Committee on Capital Markets Regulation, US Congress Joint Economic Committee, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, and the Bank of Canada.  Jon has also been a regular economics contributor for National Review Online, Forbes, and The Huffington Post and has contributed to The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, USA Today, Globe and Mail, National Post, and Toronto Star among other outlets. Jon has also appeared on CNBC, Fox Business, Fox News, Bloomberg, and NBC, and was named to the 2017 Forbes 30 Under 30 Law & Policy list, the 2017 Wharton 40 Under 40 list, and was previously a World Economic Forum Global Shaper. ABOUT THE SERIES: Each episode of Capitalism and Freedom in the 21st Century, a video podcast series and the official podcast of the Hoover Economic Policy Working Group, focuses on getting into the weeds of economics, finance, and public policy on important current topics through one-on-one interviews. Host Jon Hartley asks guests about their main ideas and contributions to academic research and policy. The podcast is titled after Milton Friedman‘s famous 1962 bestselling book Capitalism and Freedom, which after 60 years, remains prescient from its focus on various topics which are now at the forefront of economic debates, such as monetary policy and inflation, fiscal policy, occupational licensing, education vouchers, income share agreements, the distribution of income, and negative income taxes, among many other topics. For more information, visit: capitalismandfreedom.substack.com/ RELATED RESOURCES: Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier by Edward Glaeser  Survival of the City: The Future of Urban Life In An Age of Isolation by Edward Glaeser and David Cutler 

We revisit an episode from 2016 that asks: Has our culture's obsession with innovation led us to neglect the fact that things also need to be taken care of?  SOURCES:Martin Casado, general partner at Andreessen Horowitz.Ruth Schwartz Cowan, professor emerita of history and sociology of science at University of Pennsylvania.Edward Glaeser, professor of economics at Harvard University.Chris Lacinak, founder and president of AVPreserve.Andrew Russell, provost of SUNY Polytechnic Institute.Lawrence Summers, professor and president emeritus of Harvard University; former Secretary of the Treasury and former director of the National Economic Council.Lee Vinsel, professor of science, technology, and society at Virginia Tech. RESOURCES:“Hail the Maintainers," by Andrew Russell and Lee Vinsel (Aeon, 2016).“A Lesson on Infrastructure From the Anderson Bridge Fiasco,” by Lawrence Summers and Rachel Lipson (The Boston Globe, 2016).Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier, by Edward Glaeser (2008).More Work for Mother: The Ironies of Household Technology from the Open Hearth to the Microwave, by Ruth Schwartz Cowan (1983). EXTRAS:"Freakonomics Radio Takes to the Skies," series by Freakonomics Radio (2023)."Edward Glaeser Explains Why Some Cities Thrive While Others Fade Away," by People I (Mostly) Admire (2021)."Why Larry Summers Is the Economist Everyone Hates to Love," by Freakonomics Radio (2017).

The issue of housing continues to be one of the biggest economic problems that many Americans are dealing with. The short supply of houses and the high cost has driven too many to believe that home ownership is simply out of their reach. The federal government says it wants to help make housing more affordable for more people, but Dr. Edward Glaeser from Harvard University shares what they could actually do to address the problem.

Join Boyd Matheson in delving into Wednesday’s headlines. Mark Toth joins to share the latest on the Ukraine and Russia conflict after the deadly airstrike from Russia yesterday. The housing crisis is one of the biggest economic problems for Americans and Dr. Edward Glaeser shares what the government could do to remedy the situation. Trisalyn Nelson shares an interesting perspective of how AI can aid in solving gerrymandering issues. The GOP is hustling to close the fundraising gap against the Democratic party. Ally Mutnick shares about the situation and More!

Cities have faced a host of challenges over the course of history, such as affordable housing, transportation, public safety and economic opportunities. In today's rapidly changing global economy, these challenges are becoming increasingly complex, with cities needing to adapt to technological advancements, climate risks, and fluctuating fiscal policies. The most successful cities are dynamic and adapt to changing circumstances. Consider Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as a prime example. Once known for its manufacturing might, Pittsburgh had to reinvent itself after the collapse of the steel industry in the 1980s. The Steel City successfully mounted a turnaround by becoming an innovation hub, thanks to a strong academic presence and low cost of living that attracted technology and healthcare employers. What lessons can cities draw from urban transformations of the past?  This episode of The Outthinking Investor explores the role investors will play in solving many of the challenges that cities face. With opportunities emerging across real estate, infrastructure, technology and more, institutional investors are already providing much of the capital needed to fund urban development. Edward Glaeser, economics professor at Harvard University and co-author of “Survival of the City: Living and Thriving in an Age of Isolation”; Jeff Speck, partner at the urban planning and design firm Speck Dempsey; and Cathy Marcus, Co-CEO and Global COO of PGIM Real Estate, discuss the evolution of cities, the challenges they must overcome, and emerging opportunities for investors.  To hear more from PGIM, tune into our new podcast, Speaking of Alternatives, hosted by Eric Adler, President and CEO of PGIM Private Alternatives. Speaking of Alternatives is available on Spotify, Apple, Amazon Music, and other podcast platforms. Explore our entire collection of podcasts at PGIM.com. 

Las ciudades son uno de los grandes inventos de la humanidad. En un mundo con escasez, los recursos se organizan allí de manera eficiente. Permiten además la conexión de ideas entre muy distintos humanos, en las conversaciones espontáneas de fiestas improvisadas en las que surge la magia. A pesar de todo lo que se dijo durante la pandemia, el precio de vivir en ciudad sigue subiendo. ¿Por qué son cada vez más populares? Esta y otras preguntas responde Marc estudiando detenidamente los datos. Kapital es posible gracias a sus colaboradores: Idealista/data acaba de lanzar una plataforma para encontrar las mejores oportunidades de inversión residencial, informándote de la rentabilidad del inmueble o su alquiler estimado. Accede al análisis económico de todos los anuncios publicados en Idealista, con datos como la estimación del coste de reforma, los gastos asociados o el flujo de caja. En el buscador encontrarás además información de la zona, como la demanda de alquiler y el perfil de sus habitantes. Puedes ver cómo funciona la plataforma con la muestra en abierto de La Rioja. Idealista/data pone a tu disposición toda la información ordenada y en tiempo real del sector inmobiliario para que tomes la mejor decisión con los mejores datos. Utiliza el código Kapital_invest en el registro para recibir un descuento del 40%. Índice: 1.30. Tarantino sobre Rio Bravo. 7.22. La economía como ventaja comparativa. 23.30. La batalla de gallos entra Keynes y Hayek. 35.30. ¿Por qué algunos países son ricos y otros pobres? 47.17. Determinismo geográfico. 1.02.55. Pixels of progress. 1.14.01. Economías de las aglomeraciones en las ciudades. 1.24.51. El economista como detective. 1.28.59. ¿Cómo se mide la productividad? 1.48.09. Neoludismo y decrecimiento. 2.06.10. ¿Qué es un think tank? 2.10.09. Chicago, la meca de la economía neoclásica. Apuntes: El triunfo de las ciudades. Edward Glaeser. Rio Bravo. Howard Hawks. Kill Bill. Quentin Tarantino. Putos hippies. Hugues. Freakonomics. Steven Levitt & Stephen Dubner. ¡Acabad ya con esta crisis! Paul Krugman. Camino de servidumbre. Friedrich Hayek. Por qué fracasan los países. Daron Acemoglu & James Robinson. El manifiesto comunista. Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels. Armas, gérmenes y acero. Jared Diamond. Falsa alarma. Bjørn Lomborg. Free to choose. Milton Friedman.

En las ciudades coordinamos los recursos escasos de manera eficiente y Anna es una firme defensora de este modelo organizativo relativamente moderno. Charlamos en este podcast de los elevados precios de la vivienda y de las medidas políticas que podrían mitigar el problema. La solución pasa irremediablemente por la colaboración con los promotores, que conocen mejor que nadie este mercado. Como ya dijo Friedman: no debemos juzgar las políticas por sus intenciones, sino por sus resultados. Kapital es posible gracias a sus colaboradores: ¿Llevas meses siguiendo los contenidos de Kapital y tienes ya ganas de operar tu propia cartera de valores? Trade Republic es el bróker para dar ese salto. Las operaciones se ejecutan allí de forma simple, en una plataforma 100% transparente con millones de usuarios en toda Europa. Los precios son siempre claros, pudiendo invertir en acciones, bonos y fondos ETF desde tan solo 1 euro. Trade Republic te ofrece un amplio catálogo de productos financieros para que automatices las inversiones en un plan de ahorro único. Invertir hecho sencillo con Trade Republic. Factorial es un software de RRHH que ya utilizan más de 9.000 empresas. Sus clientes destacan la facilidad de uso y la variedad de tareas que resuelve. Desde la automatización del control horario hasta la elaboración de nóminas, pasando por el onboarding de nuevos empleados. Jordi y Bernat, los fundadores, presentan semanalmente el podcast de Itnig, en el que dan una visión realista de lo que significa emprender. Yo mismo participé en una de sus tertulias. Me ha dicho Bernat que, antes de solicitar tu demo gratuita en la web de Factorial, le agregues en LinkedIn y le digas que vienes de Kapital, para así recibir un trato especial. Muchos españoles no pueden invertir en inmuebles porque los bancos exigen un capital alto antes de conceder un préstamo y Equito App llega para cambiar esto. Esta aplicación te permite invertir en el sector inmobiliario desde tan solo 100 euros, a través de un préstamo participativo en el que los intereses varían según los rendimientos y la plusvalía del inmueble. Aprovecha el código IJT10 para obtener 30 euros de descuento en tu primera inversión de 500. Esta oferta es válida por un tiempo limitado. Entra en Equito.app para conocer todos los detalles del proyecto. Patrocina Kapital. Toda la información en este link. Índice: 2.26. La serendipia que ofrecen las ciudades. 10.50. La ciudad de los 15 minutos que ya intuyó Ildefons Cerdà. 16.51. Un transporte público eficiente destensionaría el precio. 21.45. ¿Por qué no construimos más pisos? 33.08. Una rifa nunca es una buena asignación. 36.12. El mito de los pisos vacíos. 41.48. A pesar de ser país de propietarios, se necesita el alquiler. 45.45. ¿Qué porcentaje de oficinas requiere una ciudad? 56.07. El teletrabajo perjudica a los perfiles jóvenes. 1.07.01. Externalidades negativas y positivas del talento extranjero. Apuntes: El triunfo de las ciudades. Edward Glaeser. Steve Jobs. Walter Isaacson.

O cinema já retratou as cidades do futuro de muitas maneiras: Frias e asséticas.Escuras, poluídas, sem espaços verdes.Dominadas pela tecnologia, desumanas.Serão um dia assim, as cidades do futuro?O geoógrafo Gonçalo Antunes acha difícil de prever, sobretudo pensando num horizonte temporal superior a 50 anos. Contudo, as tendências que se desenham são bem mais positivas do que as retratadas pelo cinema. A Ana Markl quis então saber como é que o design atual das nossas cidades, tão dominado pelo uso do automóvel, se pode vir a transformar. Tudo parece orientar-se para uma urbe mais inteligente, mais descarbonizada, favorecendo o ambiente e uma mobilidade mais suave. Será que um dia viveremos nessas cidades? Será esse o legado urbano que deixaremos aos nossos filhos?  REFERÊNCIAS E LINKS ÚTEISLeituras:Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier, de Edward Glaeser. The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects, Lewis Mumford. Cities of Tomorrow, de Peter Hall Metrópoles: a história da cidade, a maior criação da civilização, de Ben Wilson. The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Jane Jacobs. The Just City, Susan S. Fainstein. Cities for People, Jan Gehl. Outros:Baraka, Ron Fricke, 1992 Home, Yann Arthus-Bertrand, 2009 Blade Runner Blade Runner 2049The JetsonsBIOSANA MARKLAna Markl nasceu em Lisboa, em 1979, com uma total inaptidão para tomar decisões, pelo que se foi deixando levar pelas letras; licenciou-se em Línguas e Literaturas Modernas porque gostava de ler e escrever, mas acabou por se formar em Jornalismo pelo CENJOR. Começou por trabalhar no jornal Blitz para pôr a render a sua melomania, mas extravasou a música e acabou por escrever sobre cultura e sociedade para publicações tão díspares como a Time Out, o Expresso ou mesmo a Playboy. Manteve o pé na imprensa, mas um dia atreveu-se a fazer televisão. Ajudou a fundar o Canal Q em 2010, onde foi guionista e apresentadora. Finalmente trocou a televisão pela rádio, um velho amor que ainda não consumara. Trabalha desde 2015 na Antena 3 como locutora e autora.GONÇALO ANTUNESGeógrafo, doutorado em Geografia e Planeamento Territorial pela Faculdade de CiênciasSociais e Humanas (NOVA FCSH) da Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Professor universitário na NOVA FCSH, actual coordenador da Licenciatura em Geografia e Planeamento Regional e investigador integrado no Centro Interdisciplinar de Ciências Sociais (CICS.NOVA). É especialista em políticas de habitação, dinâmicas do mercado imobiliário, políticas públicas urbanas, Geografia urbana, planeamento e ordenamento do território e de forma lata em estudosurbanos. Dentro destas temáticas tem várias publicações científicas, é coordenador de projetoscientíficos e organizou exposições na qualidade de curador, entre outras actividades dedisseminação do conhecimento.

Temos a sensação de que vivemos um momento contrário ao que a história descreveu tantas vezes: o “êxodo” urbano. Será mesmo assim?Estará a população a diminuir nas cidades e a aumentar fora delas?E, saem todos, ou apenas os que podem?Numa nova ‘trilogia de episódios', Ana Markl recebe Gonçalo Antunes para conversar sobre o tema das Cidades. Este primeiro episódio promete reflexões interessantes: desde as razões históricas que levaram ao nascimento das cidades, à sua expansão no território ou à constatação de que, afinal, este “abandono” das cidades não é assim tão marcado, nem inédito.A dupla que nos perdoe o ‘spoiler', mas não há como resistir em revelar uma parte: 55% da população mundial vive nas cidades, mas esta é uma realidade muito recente. Talvez faça parte dos 45% que vive fora das cidades, mas, quem sabe, o seu futuro passará por elas?REFERÊNCIAS E LINKS ÚTEIS Livros:“Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier,and Happier”, de Edward Glaeser.“The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects”, Lewis Mumford.“Cities of Tomorrow”, de Peter Hall“Metrópoles: a história da cidade, a maior criação da civilização”, de Ben Wilson.“As cidades invisíveis”, de Italo Calvino.Documentários:“Baraka”, Ron Fricke, 1992.“Home”, Yann Arthus-Bertrand, 2009.BIOSANA MARKLNasceu em Lisboa, em 1979, com uma total inaptidão para tomar decisões, pelo que se foi deixando levar pelas letras; licenciou-se em Línguas e Literaturas Modernas porque gostava de ler e escrever, mas acabou por se formar em Jornalismo pelo CENJOR. Começou por trabalhar no jornal Blitz para pôr a render a sua melomania, mas extravasou a música e acabou por escrever sobre cultura e sociedade para publicações tão díspares como a Time Out, o Expresso ou mesmo a Playboy. Manteve o pé na imprensa, mas um dia atreveu-se a fazer televisão. Ajudou a fundar o Canal Q em 2010, onde foi guionista e apresentadora. Finalmente trocou a televisão pela rádio, um velho amor que ainda não consumara. Trabalha desde 2015 na Antena 3 como locutora e autora.GONÇALO ANTUNESGeógrafo, doutorado em Geografia e Planeamento Territorial pela Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas (NOVA FCSH) da Universidade Nova de Lisboa. É professor universitário na NOVA FCSH, coordenador da Licenciatura em Geografia e Planeamento Regional e investigador integrado no Centro Interdisciplinar de Ciências Sociais (CICS.NOVA). É especialista em políticas de habitação, dinâmicas do mercado imobiliário, políticas públicas urbanas, geografia urbana, planeamento e ordenamento do território e em estudos urbanos. Dentro destas temáticas tem várias publicações, é coordenador de projetos científicos e organizou exposições enquanto curador, entre outras atividades de disseminação do conhecimento.

Every headline suggest that our cities are in serious trouble. How will that impact real estate investors, what can be done about it, and what is the future of our cities? https://www.afire.org/podcast/202310cast/ In a recent op-ed for the New York Times, Ed Glaeser—the Fred & Eleanor Glimp Professor of Economics and Chair of the Department of Economics at Harvard University—wrote of the future of New York following the pandemic, stating: “The economic future of the city that never sleeps depends on embracing this shift from vocation to recreation and ensuring that New Yorkers with a wide range of talents want to spend their nights downtown, even if they are spending their days on Zoom. We are witnessing the dawn of a new kind of urban area: the Playground City.” Glaeser, the author of New York Times best-selling books Triumph of the City and Survival of the City, recently down with AFIRE Podcast host Gunnar Branson to discuss how the state of cities in America has changed dramatically and what leaders need to do now to face and overcome the challenges of today.

In this episode professor and economist Edward Glaeser answers questions sourced from city leaders at Data-Smart's recent Project on Municipal event, which gathered chiefs of staff and deputy mayors from 30 of the largest US cities. Listen to him talk about how cities can utilize their comparative advantages, why mayors must focus on schools rather than attracting "white whales," and how to attract and cultivate a strong city hall workforce. And be sure to read the transcript of Glaeser's full talk here.  Music credit: Summer-Man by KetsaAbout Data-Smart City SolutionsHoused at the Bloomberg Center for Cities at Harvard University, we work to catalyze the adoption of data projects on the local government level by serving as a central resource for cities interested in this emerging field. We highlight best practices, top innovators, and promising case studies while also connecting leading industry, academic, and government officials. Our research focus is the intersection of government and data, ranging from open data and predictive analytics to civic engagement technology. To learn more visit us online and follow us on Twitter. 

More than half of the world's population lives in cities, and it's expected that almost 70 percent will live in urban areas by 2050. People are attracted to cities for the economic and social opportunities they offer. But if the COVID pandemic taught us anything, it's that population density presents significant health risks. David Cutler is a Professor of Economics at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government and the Chan School of Public Health. Cutler and his Harvard colleague Edward Glaeser write about Cities After the Pandemic in the December issue of Finance and Development. In this podcast, David Cutler discusses the article with journalist Rhoda Metcalfe. He says cities now need to put more emphasis on public health to keep economies healthy.   Transcript: https://bit.ly/3UHR6X6 Read at IMF.org/FandD

Durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX se llevaron a cabo una serie de ambiciosos planes para mejorar las ciudades industriales, hijas de una Revolución Industrial que había hacinado en unas condiciones insalubres a los miles de trabajadores de las nuevas fábricas. Tuvimos ocasión de ver con más detalle algunos de estos planes de reforma con Alberto Garín en la Contrahistoria que dedicamos a ese urbanismo del siglo XIX la semana pasada. Ahí observamos como hubo dos protagonistas clave. Por un lado, Edwin Chadwick, en Londres, que puso el acento en la mejora de las infraestructuras de aguas limpias y servidas, así como en la legislación laboral y electoral de esos obreros de la Revolución Industrial, y, por otro lado, y de forma destacada, el barón Hausmann en París, que sentó las bases empleadas por otros urbanistas de otras ciudades europeas. Para Hausmann la clave era sentar un marco legal amplio, sencillo y muy práctico. No hizo una planificación excesiva. Se limitó a delimitar las pautas fundamentales: la extensión de la ciudad, la relación entre el ancho de las calles y la altura de los edificios (para garantizar la ventilación y la iluminación naturales de esos inmuebles), el nuevo tipo de viviendas en elevación, el transporte público o los edificios para los servicios a la ciudadanía. El éxito de Hausmann en París ocasionó que surgiesen urbanistas por doquier en todo el mundo, pero especialmente en las ciudades europeas cuyas tramas urbanas eran muy antiguas. En origen se trataba de simples especialistas en planificación urbana que plantearon un marco general como el de París. Pero, según nos vayamos adentrando en el siglo XX, ese marco general se irá haciendo cada vez más específico hasta llegar, ya en nuestro mundo contemporáneo, a un grado de planificación que en muchos casos fue extremo. Fueron apareciendo planes de ordenación urbana que fijaban aspectos más generales como la orientación de las avenidas hasta pequeños detalles domésticos como el tamaño mínimo de cada habitación de una casa. Así, lo que comenzó como una serie de medidas razonables y necesarias dirigidas a mejorar las ciudades, se ha terminado por convertir en una de las herramientas más poderosas que poseen las instituciones públicas vinculadas al urbanismo. Las autoridades, especialmente las municipales y regionales, han llegado a disponer de un poder indiscutible para someter a sus ciudadanos a unas restricciones que en muchos casos, partiendo de una idea sensata y justificada, se han transformado en meras rémoras burocráticas, cuando no en verdaderas imposiciones ideológicas. Pues bien, en este segundo capítulo de la historia y configuración de la ciudad moderna, vamos a hacer un recorrido lo más completo e ilustrativo posible por esas intervenciones urbanísticas del siglo XX. De la mano de Alberto Garín veremos algunas propuestas que habrían sido imposibles por extravagantes de no ser porque se llevaron a cabo, y otras que sí resultaron inesperadamente exitosas. Bibliografía: - "Breve historia del urbanismo" de Fernando Chueca Goitia - https://amzn.to/3gsbCgJ - "Historia de la forma urbana" de A. E. J. Morris - https://amzn.to/3H0gnJh - "El triunfo de las ciudades" de Edward Glaeser - https://amzn.to/3EHUqfg - "Urbanismo y Contraurbanismo" de Juan José Gómez - https://amzn.to/3TYzHJy · Canal de Telegram: https://t.me/lacontracronica · “La ContraHistoria de España. Auge, caída y vuelta a empezar de un país en 28 episodios”… https://amzn.to/3kXcZ6i · “Lutero, Calvino y Trento, la Reforma que no fue”… https://amzn.to/3shKOlK · “La ContraHistoria del comunismo”… https://amzn.to/39QP2KE Apoya La Contra en: · Patreon... https://www.patreon.com/diazvillanueva · iVoox... https://www.ivoox.com/podcast-contracronica_sq_f1267769_1.html · Paypal... https://www.paypal.me/diazvillanueva Sígueme en: · Web... https://diazvillanueva.com · Twitter... https://twitter.com/diazvillanueva · Facebook... https://www.facebook.com/fernandodiazvillanueva1/ · Instagram... https://www.instagram.com/diazvillanueva · Linkedin… https://www.linkedin.com/in/fernando-d%C3%ADaz-villanueva-7303865/ · Flickr... https://www.flickr.com/photos/147276463@N05/?/ · Pinterest... https://www.pinterest.com/fernandodiazvillanueva Encuentra mis libros en: · Amazon... https://www.amazon.es/Fernando-Diaz-Villanueva/e/B00J2ASBXM #FernandoDiazVillanueva #albertogarin #ciudades Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

Edward Glaeser is the chair of the Harvard department of economics, and the author of the best books and papers about cities (including Survival of the City and Triumph of the City).He explains why:* Cities are resilient to terrorism, remote work, & pandemics,* Silicon Valley may collapse but the Sunbelt will prosper, * Opioids show UBI is not a solution to AI* & much more!Watch on YouTube. Listen on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or any other podcast platform. Read the full transcript here.Follow me on Twitter for updates on future episodes.If you enjoy this episode, I would be super grateful if you shared it. Post it on Twitter, send it to your friends & group chats, and throw it up wherever else people might find it. Can't exaggerate how much it helps a small podcast like mine.A huge thanks to Graham Bessellieu for editing this podcast and Mia Aiyana for producing its transcript.Timestamps(0:00:00) - Mars, Terrorism, & Capitals (0:06:32) - Decline, Population Collapse, & Young Men (0:14:44) - Urban Education (0:18:35) - Georgism, Robert Moses, & Too Much Democracy? (0:25:29) - Opioids, Automation, & UBI (0:29:57) - Remote Work, Taxation, & Metaverse (0:42:29) - Past & Future of Silicon Valley (0:48:56) - Housing Reform (0:52:32) - Europe's Stagnation, Mumbai's Safety, & Climate ChangeTranscriptMars, Terrorism, & CapitalsDwarkesh Patel 0:00:00Okay, today, I have the pleasure of speaking with Professor Edward Glaeser, who is the chair of the Harvard Department of Economics, and author of some of the best books and papers about cities. Professor Glazer, thanks for coming on The Lunar Society.Edward Glaeser 0:00:25Oh, thank you so much for having me on! Especially given that The Lunar Society pays homage to one of my favorite moments in urban innovation in Birmingham during the 18th century.Dwarkesh Patel 0:00:26Oh wow, I didn't even catch that theme, but that's a great title. My first question is, What advice would you give to Elon Musk about building the first cities on Mars?Edward Glaeser 0:00:35[laughs] That's a great question. I think that demand for urbanism in Mars is going to be relatively limited. Cities are always shaped by the transportation costs that are dominant in the era in which they're created. That both determines the micro-shape of the city and determines its macro future. So cities on Mars are, of course, going to be limited by the likely prohibitive cost of traveling back and forth to the mother planet. But we also have to understand what cars people are going to be using on Mars. I assume these are all going to be Teslas, and everyone is going to be driving around in some appropriate Tesla on Mars. So it's going to be a very car-oriented living experience. I think the best strategy would be to create a fairly flexible plan, much like the 1811 grid plan in New York, that allows entrepreneurs to change land use over time and put a few bets on what's necessary for infrastructure and then just let the city evolve organically. Usually, the best way is to put more trust in individual initiative than central planning–– at least in terms of micromanaging what goes where. Dwarkesh Patel 0:01:58Gotcha. Now, since 9/11, many terrorist groups have obviously intended to cause harm to cities. But by and large, at least in Western countries, they haven't managed to kill off thousands of people like they were able to do during 9/11. What explains this? Do you think cities are just more resilient to these kinds of attacks than we would have otherwise thought? Or are the terrorists just not being creative enough?Edward Glaeser 0:02:20I don't know. There's also the question of what the objectives are. Even for the 9/11 terrorists, their end game was not to kill urbanites in America. It was to effect change in Saudi Arabia or in the Middle East more generally. We've also protected our cities better. If you think about it, two things go on simultaneously when you collect economic activity in one place in terms of defense: one of which is they become targets–– and of course, that's what we saw on 9/11; it's hard to think of a symbol that's clearer than those twin towers. But at the same time, they're also a defensible space. The origin of the urban agglomeration and use for cities and towns was the fact that they could be walled settlements. Those walls that brought together people collectively for defense are the ultimate reason why these towns came about. The walls provided protection.I think the same thing has been playing out with cities over the past 20 years. Just as New York was a target, it was also a place where post-2001, the city ramped up its anti-terrorism efforts. They put together a massive group as London had previously done. The cameras that implemented congestion pricing in London were the same cameras that used against the Irish terrorists. So both effects went on. I think we've been fortunate and that we've shown the strength of cities in terms of protecting themselves.Dwarkesh Patel 0:03:52If you look throughout ancient world history, there are so many examples of empires that are basically synonymous with their capital cities (ex. Rome or Athens, or Sparta). But today, you would never think of America as the ‘Washingtonian Empire.' What is the explanation for why the capital city has become much less salient in terms of the overall nation? Is there a Coasian answer here?Edward Glaeser 0:04:20There are specific things that went on with English offshoot colonies where in many cases, because they recognized the tendency of the capital city to attract lots of excess goodies that had been taken from elsewhere in the country, they located the capital city in a remote place. It's actually part of the story of the Hamilton musical in The Room Where it Happens. Part of the deal was about moving the capital of the US to a relatively remote Virginia location rather than having it be in Philadelphia, New York. That was partially to reflect the fact that the South needed to be protected against all of the extra assets going to New York and Philadelphia.So, whether or not this is Canberra or Ottawa, you see all of these English offshoot places without their capitals in the big metropoles. Whereas traditionally, what's happened in these places that have been around for centuries, is that even if the capital didn't start off as the largest city, it became the largest city because centuries of French leaders thought their business was to take wealth from elsewhere in France and make Paris great. I think the French Empire was as synonymous with Paris as most of those ancient empires were with their capital city. I guess the question I could throw back to you is, what are places where this is not true? Moscow, St. Peter's, and Beijing are examples. Do we think that Beijing is less synonymous with China than the Roman Empire is with Rome? Maybe a little–– possibly just because China is so big and Beijing is a relatively small share of the overall population of China. But it's more so certainly than Washington, D.C. is with the U.S. Decline, Population Collapse, & Young MenDwarkesh Patel 0:06:32That's a really interesting answer. Once a city goes through a period of decline (maybe an important industry moved out, or maybe it's had a sequence of bad governance), are you inclined to bet that there will be some sort of renewal, or do you think that things will continue to get worse? In other words, are you a momentum trader, or are you a reversion to the mean trader when it comes to cities?Edward Glaeser 0:06:54I can tell you different answers for different outcomes. For housing prices, I can tell you exactly what we know statistically about this, which is at higher frequencies, let's say one year, housing prices show wickedly large levels of momentum. For five years or more, they show very significant levels of mean reversion. It's a short-term cycle in housing prices followed by decline. Population just shows enormous persistence on the downside. So what happens is you typically will have an economic shock. Detroit used to be the most productive place on the planet in 1950, but a bunch of shocks occurred in transportation technology which made it no longer such a great place to make cars for the world. It takes a century for the city to respond in terms of its population because the housing is sticky. The housing remains there. So between the 50s and 60s, the population declines a little bit, and prices drop. They drop sufficiently far that you're not going to build a lot of new housing, but people are going to still stay in the houses. They're not going to become vacant. So, the people are still there because the houses are still there. During the 60s to 70s, the population drops a  little bit further and prices kind of stay constant, but still it's not enough to build new housing. So the declines are incredibly persistent, and growth is less so. So on the boom side, you have a boom over a 10-year period that's likely to mean revert and it's not nearly as persistent because it doesn't have this sticky housing element to it. In terms of GDP per capita, it's much more of a random walk there in terms of the straight income stuff. It's the population that's really persistent, which is, in fact, the reality of a persistent economy.Dwarkesh Patel 0:08:44Interesting. Why don't Americans move as much as they used to a century ago? So you have a paper from 2018 titled Jobs in the Heartland, where you talk about how there's increasing divergence between the unemployment rates between different parts of America. Why don't Americans just move to places where there are better economic circumstances? Edward Glaeser 0:09:04I want to highlight one point here, which is that you said “unemployment rate”, and I want to replace that with non-employment rate. That's partially what we're seeing now. It looks like America's labor force couldn't be better in terms of the low levels of unemployment, but what's happened over the last 50 years is there has been a very large rise in the share of prime-age men who are not in the labor force. So they've stopped looking for work, and those guys are miserable. It's not that those guys are somehow rather productive and happy,–– this is a very bad outcome for prime-age men. I'm separating men from women, not to say that the female labor markets aren't just as important, just as fascinating, just as critical. But labor force participation means something different for many women than it does for men. There are many women who are not in the labor force who are doing things that are enormously productive socially, like caring for their children and caring for their families.I wish it were symmetric across the genders. It just isn't true. I mean, there just are very few men not in the labor force who are doing anything much other than watching television. It's just a very different thing. So yes, there are big differences in the non-employment rate. There are some parts of America where, for much of the past decade, one in four prime-age men have been jobless. It's an enormous gap. The question is, why don't they get out?I think the answer is really twofold: one of which is the nature of how housing markets have frozen up. Historically, the differences in housing costs in the US weren't that huge across places. Most parts of America had some kind of affordable housing, and it was relatively easy to put up. At the dawn of the 20th century, these were kit helms sold by Sears and Roebuck that sprung up by the thousand. You bought the kit from Sears and Roebuck, and you just built it yourself. After World War II, it was mass-produced homes in places like Levittown.For most of the last 50 years, in places like coastal California or the East Coast, building has just become far more difficult. With the decline of mass-produced housing, it's become far more expensive, and it becomes harder and harder for relatively low-income people to find opportunities in places that have high levels of income, and high levels of opportunity. That's partially why there's not just a general decline in mobility, there's a decline in directed mobility for the poor. Historically, poor people moved from poor areas to rich areas. That's pretty much stopped. In part, that's because rich areas just have very, very expensive housing. The other thing is the rising importance of the informal safety net.So if you think about most particularly prime-aged men, they're not receiving significant handouts from the government except if they're on disability. But they will typically have some form of income, some form of housing that's being provided for them by someone other than themselves. A third of them are living in their parent's homes. That informal safety net is usually very place dependent. Let's say you're living in Eastern Kentucky; it's not like your parents were going to buy you a condo in San Francisco. You can still have your own bedroom, but you can't go anywhere else and still get that level of support. And so that's, I think, another reason why we're increasingly stuck in place.The third you mentioned, is that a third of the non-employed population of young men or is that a third of all young men? Non-employed is a third of non-employed prime aged men. So that's 25 to 54. There are a lot of 45 year olds who are living on their parents' couches or in their old bedroom. It's a fairly remarkable thing.Dwarkesh Patel 0:12:49Now, we'll get to housing in just a second, but first, I want to ask you: If the fertility trends in East Asia and many other places continue, what will the impact on cities be if the average age gets much older and the possible eventuality of depopulation?Edward Glaeser 0:12:53That's a really interesting question.The basic age fact on cities is that within the bracket of the sort of high-income or middle-income, for prime-aged parents, cities tend to be relatively bad for them. Once you're in the sort of high end of the upper middle class, the distrust of our public school systems, merited or not, means that that group tends to leave. You have plenty of parents with kids who are lower income, and then you have groups who are part of a demographic barbell that like cities. So this is partially about people who don't feel like they need the extra space and partially because if they're young, they're looking to find prospective mates of various forms.Cities are good for that. Urban proximity works well in the dating market. And they've got time on their hands to enjoy the tremendous amenities and consumption advantages that cities have. For older people, it's less about finding a mate typically, but the urban consumption amenity still has value. The ability to go to museums, the ability to go to concerts, and those sorts of activities continue to draw people in.Going forward, I would have continued to expect the barbell dimension to persist until we actually get around to solving our urban schools and declining population levels. If anything, I would have thought that COVID skews you a bit younger because older people are more anxious and remember that cities can also bring pandemics. They remember that it can be a nice thing to have a suburban home if you have to shelter in place. So that might lead some people who would have otherwise relocated to a dense urban core to move out, to stay out.Urban EducationDwarkesh Patel 0:14:44You just mentioned urban schools, and I'm curious because you've written about how urban schools are one of the reasons people who have children might not want to stay in cities. I'm curious why it's the case that American cities have some of the best colleges in the world, but for some reason, their K-to-12 is significantly worse, or it can be worse than the K-to-12 in other parts of the country. Why is it that the colleges are much better in cities, but K to 12 is worse? Edward Glaeser 0:15:19So it's interesting. It's not as if, I don't think there's ever been an Englishman who felt like they had to leave London to get better schools for the kids, or a Frenchman who thought they needed to leave Paris. It's not like there's something that's intrinsic to cities, but I've always thought it's a reflection of the fact that instead of allowing all of the competition and entrepreneurship that thrives in cities and that makes cities great, in the case of K to 12 public education, that's vanished.And your example of colleges is exactly right. I'm in this industry; I'm a participant in this industry and let me tell you, this industry is pretty competitive. Whether or not we're competing for the best students, at our level we go through an annual exercise of trying to make sure we get Ph.D. students to come to our program instead of our competitors, whether it's by hiring faculty members or attracting undergraduates, we occupy a highly competitive industry where we are constantly aware of what we need to do to make ourselves better. It doesn't mean that we're great along every dimension, but at least we're trying. K through 12 education has a local monopoly.So it's like you take the great urban food, leisure and hospitality, and food industries, and instead of having in New York City by a hyper-competitive world where you constantly have entry, you say, “You know what? We're going to have one publicly managed canteen and it's going to provide all the food in New York City and we're not going to allow any competitors or the competitors are going to have to pay a totally different thing.” That canteen is probably going to serve pretty crappy food. That's in some sense what happens when you have a large-scale public monopoly that replaces private competition.Dwarkesh Patel 0:16:50But isn't that also true of rural schools? Why are urban schools often worse? Edward Glaeser 0:17:46There's much more competition in suburban schools. So in terms of the suburban schools, typically there are lots of suburbs, and people are competing amongst them. The other thing that's actually important is (I don't want to over exaggerate this, but I think it is something that we need to think a little bit about) the role of public sector unions and particularly teachers unions in these cases. In the case of a suburban school district, the teachers union is no more empowered on the management side than they would be in the private sector.Dwarkesh Patel 0:17:30So in a normal private sector, you've got a large company, you've got a union, and they're arguing with each other. It's a level playing field. It's all kind of reasonable. I'm not saying management has done awful things, and that unions have done foolish things. I'm not saying that either are perfect, but it's kind of well-matched. It's matched that way in the suburbs as well. You've got highly empowered parents who are highly focused on their kids and they're not dominated.It's not like the teachers union dominates elections in Westchester County. Whereas if you go into a big city school district, you have two things going on. One of which is the teachers tend to be highly involved politically and quite capable of influencing management essentially, because they are an electoral force to be reckoned with, not just by the direct votes, but also with their campaign spending. On top of this, you're talking about a larger group of disparate parents, many of whom have lots of challenges to face and it becomes much harder for them to organize effectively on the other side. So for those reasons, big urban schools can do great things and many individual teachers can be fantastic, but it's an ongoing challenge. Georgism, Robert Moses, & Too Much Democracy?Dwarkesh Patel 0:18:35What is your opinion on Georgism? Do cities need a land value tax? Would it be better if all the other taxes are replaced by one?Edward Glaeser 0:18:41Okay. So Henry George, I don't know any economist who doesn't think that a land value tax is an attractive idea. The basic idea is we're going to tax land rather than taxing real estate values. And you would probably implement this in practice by evaluating the real estate and then subtracting the cost of construction, (at least for anything that was built up, meaning you'd form some value of the structures and you just subtract it).The attractive thing from most of our perspectives is it doesn't create the same disincentive to build that a real estate tax does. Real estate tax says, “Oh, you know what? I might want to keep this thing as a parking lot for a couple of years so I don't have to pay taxes on it.”If it were a land value tax, you're going to pay the same tax, whether or not it's a parking lot or whether or not you're going to put a high rise on it, so you might as well put the high rise on it and we could use the space. So I think by and large, that's a perfectly sensible idea. I'd like to see more places using land value taxes or using land value taxes in exchange for property taxes.Where George got it wrong is the idea that a land value tax is going to solve all the problems of society or all the problems of cities. That is ludicrously not true.One could make an argument that in those places that just have a property tax, you could replace it with a land value tax with little loss, but at the national level, it's not a particularly progressive tax in lots of ways. It would be hard to figure out how to fund all the things you want to fund, especially since there are lots of things that we do that are not very land intensive. I think George was imagining a world in which pretty much all value-creating enterprises had a lot of land engaged. So it's a good idea, yes. A panacea, no. Dwarkesh Patel 0:20:20No, that's a good point. I mean, Google's offices in San Francisco are probably generating more value than you would surmise just from the quantity of land they have there. Do American cities need more great builders like Robert Moses?Edward Glaeser 0:20:36Robert Caro's The Power Broker is one of the great biographies of the past 100 years, unquestionably. The only biography that I think is clearly better is Robert Caro's biography of Lyndon Baines Johnson, right? I mean, it's Caro is truly amazing. That being said, I would not exactly call it a fair and balanced view of Robert. I mean, it is true that Robert Moses was high handed, and it is true that there are things that he did that were terrible, that you never want to do again. But on the other hand, the man got stuff built. I mean, I think of myself as a child growing up in New York City, and whether or not it was the public pool that I swam in or the parks that I played in, or the roads that I traveled on, they were all delivered by Robert Moses. There's got to be a middle ground, which is, no, we're not going to run roughshod over the neighborhood as Robert Moses did, but we're still going to build stuff. We're still going to deliver new infrastructure and we're not going to do it for 10 times more than every other country in the world does it.Dwarkesh Patel 0:21:37We're actually going to have sensible procurement policies that bring in things at a reasonable cost, and I think we need to balance a little bit back towards Robert Moses in order to have slightly more empowered builders who actually are able to deliver American cities the infrastructure they need at an affordable cost. Dwarkesh Patel 0:21:57Do we have too much democracy at the local level? You wrote a paper in 2017 titled The Political Economy of Transportation Investments and one of the points you make there is that the local costs are much more salient to people for new construction than the public benefits, and the benefits to newcomers would be. Does that mean we have too much federalism? Should we just have far less power at the city level and not universally? There are lots of good things that local control does.Edward Glaeser 0:22:25I do think we have too much local ability to say no to new housing projects. So that's a particular case that I'm focused on. I think it's exactly right that the near neighbors to a project internalize all of the extra noise and perhaps extra traffic that they're going to have due to this project. They probably overestimate it because they are engaging in a bit of status quo bias and they think the present is great and can't imagine any change.By contrast, none of the people who would benefit from the new project are able to vote. All of the families that would love to move into this neighborhood are being zoned out by the insiders who get a say. I think the goal is to make sure that we have more ability to speak for outsiders. Cities at their best, are places where outsiders can find opportunities. That's part of what's so great about them. It's a tragic thing that we make that so hard. Now I'm not sure exactly that I'm claiming that I want less democracy, but I do want more limitations on how much regulations localities can do. So I think there are certain limitations on local power that I think are fine.I would prefer to call this not a limitation on local democracy, but an increase in the protection of individual rights or the individual rights of landowners to do what they want with their land. Which in effect, is a limit on democracy. But the Bill of Rights is a limit on democracy! The Bill of Rights says that they don't care if 51% of your voters want to take away your right to free assembly. They're not allowed to do that. So in some sense, what I'm just arguing for is more property owners' rights so that they can actually allow more housing in their building.In terms of transportation projects, it's a little bit dicier because here the builder is the government itself. I think the question is you want everyone to have a voice. You don't want every neighborhood to have a veto over every potential housing project or potential transportation project. So you need something that is done more at the state level with representation from the locality, but without the localities getting the ultimate sayDwarkesh Patel 0:24:33I wonder if that paper implies that I should be shorting highly educated areas, at least in terms of real estate. One of the things you mentioned in the paper was that highly educated areas that had much higher opposition were able to foment much more opposition. Edward Glaeser  0:24:49Okay. So here's the real estate strategy, which I have heard that actually there are buyers who do this. You take an area that has historically been very pro-housing. So it's got lots of housing, and it's affordable right now because supply is good. But lots of educated people have moved in. Which means that going forward, they're going to build much less, which means that going forward, they're likely to become much more expensive. So you should, in fact, buy options on that stuff rather than shorting it. You should short if you have a security that is related to the population level in that community. You should short that because the population growth is going to go down, but the prices are likely to go up. Opioids, Automation, & UBIDwarkesh Patel 0:25:29So you wrote a paper last year on the opioid epidemic. One of the points that you made there was that the opioid epidemic could be explained just by the demand side stuff about social isolation and joblessness. I wonder how this analysis makes you think about mass-scale automation in the future. What impact do you think that would have? Assume it's paired with universal basic income or something like that. Do you think it would cause a tremendous increase in opioid abuse?Edward Glaeser 0:26:03I would have phrased it slightly differently–– which is as opposed to the work of two amazing economists, Anne Case and Angus Deaton, who really emphasized the role of deaths of despair; we are much more focused on the supply side. WIth the demand side, meaning just the way that we handled the distribution of large-scale pain relieving medicines, we tell a story where every 30 to 50 years, someone comes up with the same sort of idea, which is we know that human beings love opioids in different forms. We also know they're highly addicted and lead to a terrible cycle. So all of a sudden comes along this innovator says, you know what? I've got a new opioid and it's safe. You don't have to worry about getting addicted to this one. It's magical.It won't work. 100 years ago, that thing was called heroin. 200 years ago, that thing was called morphine. 300 years ago, that thing was called Meldonium. We have these new drugs which have come in, and they've never been safe. But in our case, it was OxyContin and the magic of the time relief was supposed to make it safe, and it wasn't safe.Dwarkesh Patel 0:27:30There's a lot of great work that just shows that the patterns of opioid use was related to the places that just had a lot of pain 30 years ago. Those places came with a lot of tendency to prescribe various things for pain. So when opioids came in, when OxyContin came in, those were the places that got addicted most. Now it's also true that there are links between these economic issues. There are links with joblessness, and I basically do believe that things that create joblessness are pretty terrible and are actually much worse than income inequality. I push back against the universal basic income advocates who I think are basically engaging in a materialist fallacy of thinking that a human being's life is shaped by their take home pay or their unearned pay. I think for most people, a job is much more than that. A job is a sense of purpose. A job is a sense of social connection. When you look at human misery and opioid use, you look at the difference between high-income earners, mid-income earners. There are differences, but they're small. You then look at the difference between low-income earners and the jobless, then unhappiness spikes enormously, misery spikes enormously, family breakups spike enormously. So things like universal basic income, which the negative income tax experimented on in the 1970s, are the closest thing we have for its large-scale experiments in this area, which had very large effects on joblessness by just giving people money. They feel quite dangerous to me because they feel like they're going to play into rising joblessness in America, which feels like a path for its misery. I want to just quickly deviate and some of the UBI advocates have brought together UBI in the US and UBI in the developing world. So UBI in the developing world, basically means that you give poor farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa fairly modest amounts of money. This is a totally sensible strategy.These people are not about to live life permanently not working. They're darn poor. It's very efficient relative to other ways of giving.  I am in no sense pushing back on UBI with modest amounts of money in the poorest parts of the world. By all means, it's been deemed to be effective. It's just a very different thing if you're saying I'm going to give $100 to a poor Congolese farmer, or I'm going to give $10,000 to a long-term jobless person in Eastern Kentucky. You're not buying a PS5 for $100 in Congo.Remote Work, Taxation, & MetaverseDwarkesh Patel 0:29:57I want to ask you about remote work. You write in The Survival of the City, that improvements in information technology can lead to more demand for face-to-face contact because FaceTime complements time spent communicating electronically. I'm curious, what distinguishes situations where FaceTime substitutes for in-person contact from situations where it complements FaceTime complements virtual contact?Edward Glaeser 0:30:25So there's not a universal rule on this. I wrote a paper based on this in the 1990s about face-to-face contact complements or substitutes for electronic contacts. It was really based on a lot of anxiety in the 1970s that the information technology of their day, the fax machine, the personal computer was going to make face-to-face contact in the cities that enable that contact obsolete. That discussion has reappeared amazingly in the past two and a half years because of Zoom, and all of those questions still resonate. I think in the short run, typically these things are substitutes.Typically you don't necessarily need to meet some person who's your long-term contact. You can actually just telephone them, or you can connect with them electronically. In the long run, they seem to be much more likely to be complements, in part because these technologies change our world. The story that I tell over the last 40 years is that, yes, there were some face-to-face contacts that were made unnecessary because of electronic interactions. But it's not just that cities did well over the past 40 years–– business travel went through the roof over the past 40 years. You'd think that that would have been made unnecessary by all these electronic interactions, but I think what just happened was that these new technologies and globalization created a more interconnected world, a world in which knowledge was more important, and we become smart by interacting with people face-to-face. This world became more knowledge and information intensive and more complicated, and as things get more complicated, it's easier for ideas to get lost in translation. So we have these wonderful cues for communicating comprehension or confusion that are lost when we're not in the same room with one another. So I think over the longer time, they tend to complements, and over the shorter term, they tend to be substitutes.One of the things I think was helpful in my earlier work on this was looking at the history of information technology innovations. I think probably the first one is the book. It's hard to imagine an innovation that did more to flatten distance. Now you can read stuff that people are saying hundreds of miles away. Yet there's not a shred of evidence that the book led to less urbanization in Europe or to less connection. It helped create a totally different world in which people were passionate about ideas and wanted to talk to each other. They wanted to talk to each other about their books.Flash forward 350 years when we have the telephone. Telephones started being used more in cities, and they were used mostly by people who were going to meet face-to-face. There's no evidence that this has created a decline in the demand for face-to-face contact or a decline in the demand for cities. So I think if we look at Zoom, which unquestionably has allowed a certain amount of long-distance contact, that's very, very useful. In the short run, it certainly poses a threat to urban office markets. My guess is in the long run; it's probably going to be likely to be neutral at worst for face-to-face contact in the cities that enable that contact. Dwarkesh Patel 0:33:37I think that my podcast has been a great example for me about this. I mean, right now we're talking virtually. So maybe, in a way it's substituted, and perhaps I would have interviewed in person without the podcast. However, in another way, I've also met so many people that I've interviewed on the podcast or who have just connected with me because of the podcast in person. The amount of in-person interactions I've had because of a virtual podcast is a great anecdote to what you're talking about, so that makes total sense.Edward Glaeser 0:34:05Absolutely.Dwarkesh Patel 0:34:06Why do even the best software engineers in India or in Europe make so much less when they're working remotely from those locations than remote engineers working in America make? I mean, why don't employers just pay them more until the price discrepancy goes away?Edward Glaeser 0:34:23That's interesting. I don't fully know the answer to that question. I would suspect some of it just has to do with the nature of supply and demand. There are some things that are just very hard to be done remotely. Either because you have very precise informational needs that you have that are easier to communicate to people who are nearby or the person who's nearby has evolved in ways in terms of their mind that they actually know exactly what you want and they have exactly the product that you need. So even though the remote call center worker and the local one may be totally equivalent on raw programming talent, you may still end up in equilibrium and be willing to pay a lot more to the local one just because, right?So there's a slightly differentiated skill the local one has, and look, there's just a lot of competition for the remote ones, so the price is going to be pretty low. There's not that much supply of the one guy who's down the hall and knows exactly what you're looking for. So that guy gets much higher wages, just because he can offer you something that no one else can exactly reproduce.Dwarkesh Patel 0:35:27Let me clarify my question. Even remote engineers in America will make more than remote engineers in Europe or in India. If somebody is working remotely but he just happens to live in the US, is that just because they can communicate in English in the same way? Edward Glaeser 0:35:54I would take the same stance. I would say that they're likely to have just skills that are somewhat idiosyncratic and are valued in the US context.Dwarkesh Patel 0:35:56Are you optimistic about the ability of the metaverse and VR to be able to better puncture whatever makes in-person contact so valuable?Edward Glaeser 0:36:19No, I do not think the metaverse is going to change very much. I do think that there will be a lot of hours spent on various forms of gaming over the next 20 years, but I don't think it ultimately poses much of a threat to real-world interactions. In some sense, we saw this with the teenage world over the last three years. We saw a lot of America spend an awful lot of time, 15, 16-year-olds, 17-year-olds, gaming and connecting entirely virtually during the whole time of the pandemic lockdowns.Every single person that I've seen in that cohort, when you allowed them to interact with real members of their group live, leaped at the opportunity. They leaped at the opportunity of meeting and actually hanging out with real people until three o'clock in the morning and arguing over whatever it is–– whether or not it's football or Kant. I think particularly for the young, living life live just beats the alternative.Dwarkesh Patel 0:37:05That sounds like a very Harvard scenario, having to argue over football or Kant, those two topics. [laughs] Are you predicting lower taxes over the coming decades in places like California and New York, specifically because of how remote work sets a sort of maximum bar of how much you can tax highly productive people before they will just leave? Edward Glaeser 0:37:29This is a great question. It's a central issue of our day. Here's how I think about it. In part, it's why I wrote my recent book, Survival of the City. It's because I was worried about this. Two things happened simultaneously. One, as you correctly say, Zoom has made it easier to connect anywhere. I don't think that Zoom is going to cause our tech startup currently in Silicon Valley to say, oh, you know what? We're just going to go home to our Orange County suburban homes and never meet live again. I think that's a low-probability event.But what seems to be a perfectly high probability event is saying, “Oh, we can Zoom with our VCs, we can Zoom with our lawyers. Why don't we just relocate to Austin, Texas, not pay taxes, or relocate to Boulder, Colorado, so we can have beautiful scenery, or relocate to Honolulu so we can surf?” That seems like we've made the ability for smart people to relocate much easier, even if they're going to keep on seeing each other in the office three or four days a week. That collides with this very fervent desire to deal with festering social inequities at the local level. Be this limited upward mobility for poorer people, be this high housing costs, be this the rise of mass incarceration and police brutality towards particularly minority groups. There's this progressive urge which runs up against the fact that the rich guys can run away.If your model, which says, “Oh, the local governments are going to realize the rich guys can run away, so they will seamlessly lower tax rates in order to make sure that they attract those people,” that's running up against the fact that there's a whole lot of energy on the progressive side, which says, “No! Massachusetts just passed a millionaire's tax. For the first time ever, we have the possibility to have a progressive tax, which feels extraordinarily dangerous given this time period.”I think we may need to see a bunch of errors in this area before we start getting things right. We went through a lot of pain in the 1970s as cities first tried to deal with their progressive goals and rich people and companies ran away, and it wasn't until the 1980s that people started realizing this was the path to local bankruptcy and that we had real city limits on what the locality could do.Dwarkesh Patel 0:39:44You cited research on the survival of the city, which said that firms like Microsoft were much less willing to hire new people once they went online because of the pandemic. What do you make of the theory that this is similar to when industrialization first hit and we hadn't figured out exactly how to make the most use of it to be most productive, but over the long run, somebody will do to remote work what Henry Ford did to the factory floor and in fact, just make it much more effective and efficient than in-person contact just because we'll have better ways of interacting with people through remote work, since we'll have better systems?Dwarkesh Patel 0:40:17It's entirely possible. I never like betting against the ingenuity of humanity. On the other hand, you need a lot of technology to override 5 million years of evolution. We have evolved to be an in-person species, not just because we're productive and learn a lot face-to-face, but also because we just like it. A world of hyper-efficient remote work where you basically are puttering around your apartment doing things very quickly and getting things done, doesn't sound particularly joyful to me.Workplaces are not just places of productivity; they're also places of pleasure, particularly at the high end. Remember in 2019 and earlier, Google, and Yahoo, the companies that should have had the biggest capacity to do remote stuff, weren't sending their workers home; they were building these paradises for high-skilled workers, stuffed with foosball tables and free snacks and whatever else they had in these giant campuses in the Google lex. So they were certainly betting on the power of face-to-face and creativity rather than on the ability of remote work to make everything work. I think the most reasonable view, let's say that of Nick Bloom of Stanford, is that for those types of workers, 20% of your week being hybrid, maybe 40%, seems quite possible.That seems like a thing, particularly for workers who have families who really value that degree of flexibility. But fully remote, I guess that's a pretty niche thing. There's some jobs like call center workers where you could imagine it being the norm, but in part, that's just because it's just hard to learn the same amount remotely that you do face-to-face. This came out both in the earlier Bloom study on remote call center workers in China and on more recent work by Natalia Emmanuel and Emma Harrington. Both studies found the same thing, which is in these call centers, are plenty productive when they're remote, but the probability of being promoted drops by 50%.The entrepreneur may make it very efficient to do things in the short run remotely, but they're going to turn off this tendency that we have to be able to learn things from people around us, which is just much harder to duplicate remotely.Past & Future of Silicon ValleyDwarkesh Patel 0:42:29Now, I'm curious why Silicon Valley became the hub of technology. You wrote a paper in 2018 about where pioneer and non-pioneer firms locate. So, I was hoping you had insight on this. Does it stand for it? Is it where Fairchild Semiconductor is located? What is the explanation?Edward Glaeser 0:42:48So, we take it as being earlier. It is Stanford. I traced through this, I think in Triumph. Yeah, it was a company called Federal Telegraph Company that was founded by a guy called Cyril Frank Elwell, who was a radio pioneer, and he was tapped by his teacher to head this radio company. The story was, as I remember it, there'd been this local genius in San Francisco who had attracted all these investors and was going to do this wireless telegraphy company. Then he died in a freak carriage accident.These investors wanted to find someone else, and they went to Stanford's nearby factory and asked, who should we hire? It was this guy Elwell who founded Federal Telegraph. Federal Telegraph then licensed, I think Danish technology which was originally the Poulsen Telegraph Company. They then hired some fairly bright people like Lee DeForest and they did incredibly well in World War I off of federal Navy contracts, off of Navy contracts. They then did things like providing jobs for people like the young Fred Terman, whose father was a Stanford scientist. Now, Fred Terman then plays an outsized role in this story because he goes to MIT, studies engineering there, and then comes back to become Dean of Stanford's engineering program.He really played an outsized role in setting up the Stanford Industrial Park which attracting Fairchild Semiconductor. Then there's this sort of random thing about how the Fairchild Semiconductor attracts these people and then repels them because you have this brilliant guy Shockley, right? He's both brilliant and sort of personally abhorrent and manages to attract brilliant people and then repel all of them. So they all end up dispersing themselves into different companies, and they create this incredibly creative ecosystem that is the heart of Silicon Valley.In its day, it had this combination of really smart people and really entrepreneurial ethos, which just made it very, very healthy. I think the thing that many of us worry about is that Silicon Valley more recently, feels much more like it's a one-industry town, which is dangerous. It feels more like it's a bunch of industrial behemoths rather than a bunch of smart and scrappy startups. That's a recipe that feels much more like Detroit in the 1950s than it does like Silicon Valley in the 1960s.Dwarkesh Patel 0:45:52Speaking of startups, what does your study of cities imply about where tech startups should locate and what kind of organization in person or otherwise they should have? I think there's a lot to like about in person, certainly. Relying too much on remote feels quite dangerous if you're a scrappy startup. But I like a lot the Sunbelt smart cities.I sort of have a two-factor model of economic growth, which is it's about education, and it's about having governments that are pro-business. If you think about sort of the US, there's a lot of heterogeneity in this. If you think about the US versus other countries, it's heterogeneity. So the US has historically been better at being pro-business than, let's say, the Northern European social democracies, but the Northern European social democracies are great on the education front.So places like Sweden and the Netherlands, and Germany are also very successful places because they have enough education to counter the fact that they may not necessarily be as pro-business as the US is. Within the US, you also have this balance, whereas places like Massachusetts, and California are certainly much less pro-business, but they're pretty well-educated. Other parts of the country may be more pro-business, but they're less so. The real secret sauce is finding those places that are both highly educated and pro-business.So those are places like Charlotte and Austin and even Atlanta, places in the Sun Belt that have attracted lots of skilled people. They've done very, very well during COVID. I mean, Austin, by most dimensions, is the superstar of the COVID era in terms of just attracting people. So I think you had to wait for the real estate prices to come down a bit in Austin, but those are the places that I would be looking at. Dwarkesh Patel 0:47:46I don't know if you know, but I live in Austin, actually.Edward Glaeser 0:47:50I did not know that. [laughs]Dwarkesh Patel 0:47:54Well, actually, I'm surprised about what you said about education because you write in the paper, “general knowledge measured as average years of schooling is not a strong determinant of the survival of a pioneer firm, but relatedness of knowledge between past and present activities is.” So I'm surprised that you think education is a strong determinant for pioneer firms.Edward Glaeser 0:48:15No, I'm a big human capital determinist. So I tend to believe that individuals, cities, and nations rise and fall based on their skill levels. Certainly, if you look over the last 40 or 50 years, skills are very predictive of which cities (particularly colder cities) manage to do well versus poorly. If you ask yourself why Detroit and Seattle look different, more than 50% of Seattle's adults have college degrees, and maybe 14, 15% of Detroit's adults do.That's just a huge, huge gap. Certainly, when we think about your punitive startup, you're going to be looking for talent, right? You're going to be looking to hire talent, and having lots of educated people around you is going to be helpful for that.Housing ReformDwarkesh Patel 0:48:56Let's talk about housing. Houston has basically very little to no zoning. Why is it not more of interesting today? Nobody goes to Houston for tourism.Edward Glaeser 0:49:07I have. [laughs] I have, in fact, gone to Houston for tourism. Although part of it, I admit, was to look at the housing and to go to the woodlands and look at that. Interesting has a lot to do with age in this country. So the more that a city has… Boston is good for tourism just because it's been around for a long time, and it hasn't changed all that much. So it has this sort of historical thing. Houston's a new place, not just in the sense that the chronological age is lower but also in the sense that it's just grown so much, and it's dominated by new stuff, right?That new stuff tends to be more homogenous. It tends to have less history on it. I think those are things that make new cities typically less interesting than older cities. As witnessed by the fact that Rome, Jerusalem, London, are great tourist capitals of the world because they've just accreted all this interesting stuff over the millennium. So I think that's part of it. I'm not sure that if we look at more highly zoned new cities, we're so confident that they're all that more interesting.I don't want to be particularly disparaging any one city. So I'm not going to choose that, but there's actually a bunch that's pretty interesting in Houston, and I'm not sure that I would say that it's any less interesting than any comparably aged city in the country.Dwarkesh Patel 0:50:35Yeah. I'm visiting Houston later this month. I asked my friend there, should I stay here longer? I mean, is there anything interesting to do here? And then he responds, “Well, it's the fourth biggest city in the country, so no.”Dwarkesh Patel 0:50:47Many people, including many economists, have said that we should drastically increase US population through immigration to a figure like 1 billion. Do you think that our cities could accommodate that? We have the infrastructure, and I mean, let's say we reformed housing over a decade or so. Could we accommodate such a large influx of people? Edward Glaeser 0:51:24A billion people in a decade? I love the vision. Basically, in my heart, I'm an open borders person, right? I mean, it's a moral thing. I don't really like the idea that I get to enjoy the privileges of being an American and think that I'm going to deny that opportunity to anyone else. So I love this vision. A billion people over 10 years is an unimaginably large amount of people over a relatively short period of time. I'd love to give it a shot. I mean, it's certainly not as if there's any long-term reason why you couldn't do it.I mean, goodness knows we've got more than enough space in this country. It would be exciting to do that. But it would require a lot of reform in the housing space and require a fair amount of reform in the infrastructure space as well to be able to do this at some kind of large scale affordability.Dwarkesh Patel 0:52:05What does the evidence show about public libraries? Do they matter?Dwarkesh Patel 0:52:09My friend Eric Kleinberg has written a great book about… I think it's called Palaces for the People about all the different functions that libraries have played. I've never seen anything statistically or systematically about this, but you're not going to get a scholar to speak against books. It's not a possible thing.Europe's Stagnation, Mumbai's Safety, & Climate Change Dwarkesh Patel 0:52:32Why do European cities seem so much more similar to what they look like decades or even centuries ago than American cities, even American cities that are old, obviously not as old as European cities, but they seem to change much more over time. Edward Glaeser 0:52:46Lower population growth, much tougher zoning, much tougher historic preservation. All three of these things are going on. So it's very difficult to build in European cities. There's a lot of attention to caring about history. It's often part of the nationalist narrative. You often have huge amounts of national dollars going to preserve local stuff and relatively lower levels of population growth.An extreme example of this is Warsaw, where central Warsaw is completely destroyed during World War II, and they built it up to look exactly like it looked before the bombing. So this is a national choice, which is unlikely that we would necessarily make here in the US. Dwarkesh Patel 0:53:27Yeah. I was in Mumbai earlier this year, and I visited Dharavi, which is the biggest slum in Asia. And it's a pretty safe place for a slum. Why are slums in different countries? Why do they often have different levels of how safe they are? What is the reason?Edward Glaeser 0:53:45I, too, have been in Dharavi and felt perfectly safe. It's like walking around Belgravia and London in terms of it. I think my model of Dharavi is the same model as Jane Jacobs's model of Greenwich Village in 1960, which is this is just a well-functioning community.People have eyes on the street. If you're a stranger in these areas, they're going to be looking at you, and it's a community that just functions. There are lots of low-income communities throughout the world that have this. It requires a certain amount of permanence. So if the community is too much in flux, it becomes hard to enforce these norms and hard to enforce these sort of community rules. It's really helpful if there aren't either a massive number of guns floating around or an unbelievably lucrative narcotics trade, which is in the area. Those are both things that make things incredibly hard. Furthermore, US drug policy has partially been responsible for creating violence in some of the poor parts of Latin American cities.Dwarkesh Patel 0:54:43Maybe you don't play video games enough to know the answer to this question. But I'm curious, is there any video game, any strategic video game like Civilization or Europa that you feel does a good job representing the economics of cities? Edward Glaeser 0:55:07No, I will say that when I was in graduate school, I spent a few hours playing something called Sim City. I did think that was very fun. But I'm not going to claim that I think that it got it right. That was probably my largest engagement with city-building video games.Dwarkesh Patel 0:55:12What would you say we understand least about how cities work? Edward Glaeser 0:55:18I'm going to say the largest unsolved problem in cities is what the heck we're going to do about climate change and the cities of the developing world. This is the thing I do not feel like I have any answer for in terms of how it is that we're going to stop Manila or Mumbai from being leveled by some water-related climate event that we haven't yet foreseen.We think that we're going to spend tens of billions of dollars to protect New York and Miami, and that's going to happen; but the thing I don't understand and something we really need to need to invest in terms of knowledge creation is what are we going to do with the low-lying cities of the developing world to make them safe. Dwarkesh Patel 0:55:54Okay. Your most recent book is Survival of the City. And before that Triumph of the City, both of which I highly recommend to readers. Professor Glaeser, thank you so much for coming on the podcast. This was very interesting.Edward Glaeser 0:56:05I enjoyed this a lot. Thank you so much for having me on. I had a great deal of fun. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.dwarkeshpatel.com

Ciudades hay desde hace miles de años, pero durante la mayor parte de la historia sólo una porción muy pequeña de la humanidad vivía en ellas. Lo normal era que los seres humanos habitasen en el medio rural en comunidades agrícolas y ganaderas de pequeño tamaño dentro de economías de subsistencia con muy poco intercambio entre ellas. La revolución industrial del siglo XIX trajo aparejada un proceso de urbanización acelerado y hoy más de la mitad de la población mundial vive en ciudades. Las ciudades modernas son auténticos cosmos en miniatura, no sólo por la variedad de sus habitantes y la pluralidad de las actividades de éstos, sino también por los microclimas que generan y la pluralidad de espacios que llegan a tener como parques y jardines, zoológicos, acuarios e invernaderos. En el siglo XXI no podemos entender nuestro mundo sin las ciudades pero, tal como las conocemos hoy, esas urbes construidas en vertical, con cientos de miles o millones de habitantes en su interior, bien abastecidas y comunicadas gracias a los automóviles, los ferrocarriles y los aviones son algo relativamente reciente. Las ciudades tradicionales previas a la revolución industrial, esas cuya existencia podemos rastrear hasta la antigüedad remota, sufrieron un cambio radical con motivo de la revolución industrial, un cambio que atravesó varias fases. La primera fue el proceso de degradación de esas urbes tradicionales que, conforme iban acogiendo a nueva población y a las propias industrias, se transformaron en ciudades industriales, ese tipo de ciudad contaminada y superpoblada tan propio de las urbes de los siglos XIX y XX. Esas ciudades industriales que tanto juego dieron en el cine y la literatura fueron posteriormente mejorando en lo que se ha dado en llamar ciudades postindustriales, dedicadas esencialmente a los servicios y que son las habituales hoy, al menos en el mundo desarrollado. En muchas partes del tercer mundo la transición se está realizando en estos momentos. En cualquier caso, ese proceso de mejora se vivió en una tensión entre los deseos y apuestas de los ciudadanos y los intentos de planificar de urbanistas y políticos. Una tensión que no siempre alcanzó los resultados esperados, lo que no impidió que nos dejara espacios urbanos emblemáticos, como el París de Hausmann con sus grandes bulevares, o el empeño, a partir de ese modelo parisino, de cortar todos los centros históricos con grandes avenidas, como la Gran Vía de Madrid o la vía Layetana de Barcelona. Hoy con Alberto Garín vamos a repasar la historia de las ciudades industriales europeas del XIX y los primeros movimientos de reforma que forjaron, en gran medida, la imagen que tenemos hoy de cómo han de ser las ciudades contemporáneas. Bibliografía: - "Breve historia del urbanismo" de Fernando Chueca Goitia - https://amzn.to/3gsbCgJ - "Historia de la forma urbana" de A. E. J. Morris - https://amzn.to/3H0gnJh - "El triunfo de las ciudades" de Edward Glaeser - https://amzn.to/3EHUqfg - "Urbanismo y Contraurbanismo" de Juan José Gómez - https://amzn.to/3TYzHJy · Canal de Telegram: https://t.me/lacontracronica · “La ContraHistoria de España. Auge, caída y vuelta a empezar de un país en 28 episodios”… https://amzn.to/3kXcZ6i · “Lutero, Calvino y Trento, la Reforma que no fue”… https://amzn.to/3shKOlK · “La ContraHistoria del comunismo”… https://amzn.to/39QP2KE Apoya La Contra en: · Patreon... https://www.patreon.com/diazvillanueva · iVoox... https://www.ivoox.com/podcast-contracronica_sq_f1267769_1.html · Paypal... https://www.paypal.me/diazvillanueva Sígueme en: · Web... https://diazvillanueva.com · Twitter... https://twitter.com/diazvillanueva · Facebook... https://www.facebook.com/fernandodiazvillanueva1/ · Instagram... https://www.instagram.com/diazvillanueva · Linkedin… https://www.linkedin.com/in/fernando-d%C3%ADaz-villanueva-7303865/ · Flickr... https://www.flickr.com/photos/147276463@N05/?/ · Pinterest... https://www.pinterest.com/fernandodiazvillanueva Encuentra mis libros en: · Amazon... https://www.amazon.es/Fernando-Diaz-Villanueva/e/B00J2ASBXM #FernandoDiazVillanueva #Ciudades #Urbanismo Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

Renowned urban economist Edward Glaeser joins MI senior fellow and City Journal contributing editor James B. Meigs to discuss the American housing crisis and how—or whether—it can be fixed.

Survival of the City: Laurie Taylor talks to Edward Glaeser, Fred and Eleanor Glimp Professor of Economics at Harvard University and author of a study examining the future of urban life at a time when the pandemic has exposed failures of governance. Whilst cities have been engines for creativity and wealth, they have also, of late, exposed deep inequities in health care and education and advances in technology mean many can opt out of city life as never before. So are we moving to a post urban world? Or will the city continue to thrive and re-invent itself? Producer: Jayne Egerton

Survival of the City: Laurie Taylor talks to Edward Glaeser, Fred and Eleanor Glimp Professor of Economics at Harvard University and author of a study examining the future of urban life at a time when the pandemic has exposed failures of governance. Whilst cities have been engines for creativity and wealth, they have also, of late, exposed deep inequities in health care and education and advances in technology mean many can opt out of city life as never before. So are we moving to a post urban world? Or will the city continue to thrive and re-invent itself? Producer: Jayne Egerton

Survival of the City: Laurie Taylor talks to Edward Glaeser, Fred and Eleanor Glimp Professor of Economics at Harvard University and author of a study examining the future of urban life at a time when the pandemic has exposed failures of governance. Whilst cities have been engines for creativity and wealth, they have also, of late, exposed deep inequities in health care and education and advances in technology mean many can opt out of city life as never before. So are we moving to a post urban world? Or will the city continue to thrive and re-invent itself? Producer: Jayne Egerton

On this week's Tech Nation, Moira speaks with Harvard economics professors Edward Glaeser and David Cutler about “Survival of the City … Living and Thriving in an Age of Isolation.” Then Dr. Alex Pang's advice about our work life from his 2016 book, “Rest … Why You Get More Done When You Work Less” is even more relevant now. And Tech Nation Health Chief Correspondent Dr Daniel Kraft talks to us about something unprecedented … our teeth!

Today we have Dan Zack on the show. Dan is an urban planner in Fresno California. In 2022 he founded Zack Urban Solutions, a consulting firm which offers a wide variety of urban planning services to cities, non-profits, and developers who want proven, practical approaches to creating walkable, fun, and inclusive places. Prior to that, he spent 23 years in local government working on downtown revitalization, streetscape projects, parking management, zoning and form-based codes, long-range plans, housing plans, and development entitlements. He spent 7 1/2 years with the City of Fresno: For the last year of that he was the Assistant Director of Economic Development and was focused on bringing housing to Downtown Fresno; for the remainder of his time there he was Assistant Director of the Planning and Development Department. His previous work was in Northern California; as the Downtown Development Manager for the City of Redwood City in the San Francisco Bay Area he attracted the development of 2,500 homes in an area that had stagnated for decades, but which is now one of the most active downtowns in the Silicon Valley. Zack Urban Solutions Website Books Mentioned Walkable City Rules: 101 Steps to Making Places Better by Jeff Speck When Fresno Rode the Rails by Edward Hamm The Death and Life of Great American Cities by Jane Jacobs Survival of the City: The Future of Urban Life in an Age of Isolation by Edward Glaeser and David Cutler

Constitutional Law for NIMBYs? The guests discuss the National League of Cities' Principles of Home Rule for the 21st Century, which two of them (Nestor Davidson and Richard Schragger) helped draft and the third (David Schleicher) has criticized as "Constitutional Law for NIMBYs." Nestor Davison is the Walsh Professor of Real Estate, Land Use, and Property Law and the Faculty Director of the Urban Law Center at Fordham Law School. Richard Schragger is the Bowen Professor of Law and Karsh Bicentennial Professor of Law at UVA Law School. David Schleicher is Professor of Law at Yale Law School and host of the Digging a Hole podcast. In addition to the National League of Cities' Principles of Home Rule for the 21st Century, the papers at the heart of the conversation are Do Local Governments Really Have Too Much Power? (by Nestor and Richard) and Constitutional Law for NIMBYs (by David). Appendices: Nestor Davison: City-Wide Effects of New Housing Supply: Evidence From Moving Chains by Cristina Bratu, Oskari Harjunen, and Tuukka Saarimaa Supply Shock Versus Demand Shock: The Local Effects of New Housing in Low-Income Areas by Brian Asquith, Evan Mast, and Davin Reed Richard Schragger: The Last Black Man in San Francisco (movie) David Schleicher: Survival of the City: Living and Thriving in an Age of Isolation by Edward Glaeser and David Cutler State Capture: How Conservative Activists, Big Businesses, and Wealthy Donors Reshaped the American States and the Nation by Alexander Hertel-Fernandez Greg Shill: Sky-High Vaccination Rates and Zero Taxes Make Dubai a Pandemic Boom Town (in The Wall Street Journal) Jeff Lin: I Changed My Mind About Rent Control by Jerusalem Demsas From Samurai to Skyscrapers: How Historical Lot Fragmentation Shapes Tokyo by Junichi Yamasaki, Kentaro Nakajima, and Kensuke Teshima Follow us on the web or on Twitter: @denselyspeaking, @jeffrlin, @greg_shill, @davidson_nestor, @RichSchragger, and @ProfSchleich, and check out David's hit podcast (with Samuel Moyn) Digging a Hole: The Legal Theory Podcast. Producer: Schuyler Pals. The views expressed on the show are those of the participants, and do not necessarily represent the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, the Federal Reserve System, or any of the other institutions with which the hosts or guests are affiliated.

In this lively interview series from the RSA, Matthew Taylor, puts a range of practitioners on the spot - from scholars to business leaders, politicians to journalists - by asking for big ideas to help build effective bridges to our new future.Edward Glaeser is the Fred and Eleanor Glimp Professor of Economics in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard University. He is also Director for the Cities Research Programme at the International Growth Centre, LSE and Oxford, and is a senior fellow at the Manhattan institute. David Cutler is the Otto Ekstein Professor of Applied Economics at Harvard University. He holds a joint appointment in the economics department and in Harvard's Kennedy School of Government and the Harvard School of Public Health, as well as serving as commissioner on the Massachusetts Health Policy Commission. David and Edward are co-authors of Survival of the City: Living and Thriving in an Age of Isolation. A Tempo & Talker production for the RSA.  In this time of global change, strong communities and initiatives that bring people together are more invaluable than ever before. The RSA Fellowship is a global network of problem solvers. We invite you to join our community today to stay connected, inspired and motivated in the months ahead. You can learn more about the Fellowship or start an application by clicking here.

Dr. Edward Glaeser is the Chairman of the Department of Economics at Harvard University, where he has taught Microeconomic Theory, and urban and public economics, since 1992. Holding a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Chicago, his work has focused on the determinants of city growth and the role of cities as centers of idea transmission.

Edward Glaeser is Professor of Economics at Harvard University. He is perhaps the world's leading expert on cities. He recently authored, along with David Cutler, Survival of the City – Living and Thriving in the Age of Isolation. Edward leads the Urban Economics Working Group at the National Bureau of Economic Research, and co-leads the Cities Programme at the International Growth Center. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Public Administration. In this podcast we discuss: What defines a city? How have pandemics impacted cities across history? Why are people healthier in cities than in rural areas? Why is there large inequality within cities? Importance of education What led to the urban renaissance of the 1990s Why didn't tech revolution end cities? Will Zoom revolution change cities? What lead to growth of Silicon Valley Factors that drive gentrification Three recommendations for helping cities. Edward's book recommendations: The Death and Life of Great American Cities (Jacobs), Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West (Cronon), Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128 (Saxenian), Framing the Early Middle Ages (Wickham) and Origins of the European Economy (McCormick)

On this week's Tech Nation, Moira speaks with Harvard economics professors Edward Glaeser and David Cutler about “Survival of the City … Living and Thriving in an Age of Isolation.” Then Dr. Alex Pang's advice about our work life from his 2016 book, “Rest … Why You Get More Done When You Work Less” is even more relevant now. And Tech Nation Health Chief Correspondent Dr Daniel Kraft talks to us about something unprecedented … our teeth!

On this week's Tech Nation, Moira speaks with Harvard economics professors Edward Glaeser and David Cutler about “Survival of the City … Living and Thriving in an Age of Isolation.” Then Dr. Alex Pang's advice about our work life from his 2016 book, “Rest … Why You Get More Done When You Work Less” is even more relevant now. And Tech Nation Health Chief Correspondent Dr Daniel Kraft talks to us about something unprecedented … our teeth!

Dayna Cunningham, Dean of Tufts' Tisch College of Civic Life, and Edward Glaeser, Harvard professor of economics and co-author of the forthcoming book "Survival of the City: Living and Thriving in an Age of Isolation" explore key issues affecting the future of cities with columnist and former Boston Globe editorial page editor Renée Loth.

We're back with more state, local, and urban issues -- maybe Sam has become a full convert! In this week's episode, we're joined by renowned urban economist Edward Glaeser, the Fred and Eleanor Glimp Professor of Economics and the Chairman of the Department of Economics at Harvard University. We begin by discussing The Survival of the City, Professor Glaeser's new book written with David Cutler. In just over half an hour, we get through several topics. How will cities adapt to pandemics, will work-from-home continue as it currently exists, and will insider groups continue to dominate local politics? What does the future of work look like in cities; will we ever approach the post-work urban future that Keynes described? Beyond exploring these questions, we also discuss how cities can and should think about race and inequality, both through administration and legislation. All of this and more in less time than it takes to commute on most U.S. subways (and find out why that is while you're listening)! Referenced Readings: Ken Auletta, The streets were paved with gold, (1980). Eric Bosio, Simeon Djankov, Edward Glaeser, & Andrei Shleifer, “Public Procurement in Law and Practice,” NBER Working Paper, (2020) Leah Brooks & Zachary Liscow, “Infrastructure Costs,” (2020) Edward Glaeser, Triumph of the City (2012). Edward Glaeser & David Cutler, Survival of the City (2021). Edward Glaeser & Andrei Shleifer, “The Curley Effect: The Economics of Shaping the Electorate,” The Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, (2005). Tracy Gordon & David Schleicher, “High costs may explain crumbling support for US infrastructure,” Urban Wire (2015). John Maynard Keynes, “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren,” (1930).

Host:  Larry Bernstein. Guests include Martin Paull and Edward Glaeser.

Prior to the COVID–19 pandemic, many cities, particularly in the United States, were experiencing somewhat of a renaissance. Population was increasing, abandoned areas were being redeveloped into walkable neighborhoods, crime was dropping, and public spaces were engaging both a new generation of citizens and an older cohort who had moved to cities for the first time. In many ways, cities were fulfilling the vision of renowned urban economist Edward Glaeser as places that were the healthiest, greenest and richest (in both cultural and economic terms) places to live, and as areas that were rich in creativity and innovation. The 18 months since March 2020 have tremendously challenged this rosy view of cities, and today cities like San Francisco stand at an unexpected crossroads. During the global coronavirus crisis, cities grew silent as many office workers worked from home—if they could work at all. The normal forms of socializing ground to a halt. Theaters and restaurants were quiet, and cultural arts organizations scaled back public programming. Things were supposed to return to normal for cities this fall, but the delta variant of the coronavirus has raised new questions about urban life: How permanent are these changes? Advances in digital technology mean that many people can opt out of city life as never before. Will they? Are we on the brink of an unexpected, post-urban world? In their new book, Glaeser and his Harvard colleague David Cutler explore the future of cities. Though they believe city life will survive overall, individual cities face terrible risks, and a wave of urban failure could pose a threat not only to urban residents of particular cities but to all of those who rely on them. Glaeser and Cutler examine the evolution that is under way and describe the possible urban futures that lie before us: What will distinguish the cities that will flourish once again from the ones that won't? The authors discuss San Francisco in the book and how COVID-19 allowed for wealthy citizens to flee the city in search of more space to do remote work. Please join us for an important conversation on the future of cities, and what it means for the future of the country. SPEAKERS Edward Glaeser Fred and Eleanor Glimp Professor of Economics, Harvard University; Co-author, Survival of the City: Living and Thriving in an Age of Isolation David Cutler Otto Eckstein Professor of Applied Economics, Harvard University. Co-author, Survival of the City: Living and Thriving in an Age of Isolation Alicia John-Baptiste President and CEO, SPUR—Moderator In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we are currently hosting all of our live programming via YouTube live stream. This program was recorded via video conference on September 14th, 2021 by the Commonwealth Club of California. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Prior to the COVID–19 pandemic, many cities, particularly in the United States, were experiencing somewhat of a renaissance. Population was increasing, abandoned areas were being redeveloped into walkable neighborhoods, crime was dropping, and public spaces were engaging both a new generation of citizens and an older cohort who had moved to cities for the first time. In many ways, cities were fulfilling the vision of renowned urban economist Edward Glaeser as places that were the healthiest, greenest and richest (in both cultural and economic terms) places to live, and as areas that were rich in creativity and innovation. The 18 months since March 2020 have tremendously challenged this rosy view of cities, and today cities like San Francisco stand at an unexpected crossroads. During the global coronavirus crisis, cities grew silent as many office workers worked from home—if they could work at all. The normal forms of socializing ground to a halt. Theaters and restaurants were quiet, and cultural arts organizations scaled back public programming. Things were supposed to return to normal for cities this fall, but the delta variant of the coronavirus has raised new questions about urban life: How permanent are these changes? Advances in digital technology mean that many people can opt out of city life as never before. Will they? Are we on the brink of an unexpected, post-urban world? In their new book, Glaeser and his Harvard colleague David Cutler explore the future of cities. Though they believe city life will survive overall, individual cities face terrible risks, and a wave of urban failure could pose a threat not only to urban residents of particular cities but to all of those who rely on them. Glaeser and Cutler examine the evolution that is under way and describe the possible urban futures that lie before us: What will distinguish the cities that will flourish once again from the ones that won't? The authors discuss San Francisco in the book and how COVID-19 allowed for wealthy citizens to flee the city in search of more space to do remote work. Please join us for an important conversation on the future of cities, and what it means for the future of the country. SPEAKERS Edward Glaeser Fred and Eleanor Glimp Professor of Economics, Harvard University; Co-author, Survival of the City: Living and Thriving in an Age of Isolation David Cutler Otto Eckstein Professor of Applied Economics, Harvard University. Co-author, Survival of the City: Living and Thriving in an Age of Isolation Alicia John-Baptiste President and CEO, SPUR—Moderator In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we are currently hosting all of our live programming via YouTube live stream. This program was recorded via video conference on September 14th, 2021 by the Commonwealth Club of California. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Edward Glaeser is the Fred and Eleanor Glimp Professor of Economics and the Chairman of the Department of Economics at Harvard University. He is a senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute and a contributing editor of City Journal. He is the author of the New York Times Bestseller Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier and most recently he is the author of Survival of the City: Living and Thriving in an Age of Isolation Edward Glaeser Book Recommendations: The Fate of Rome - Kyle Harper The German Genius - Peter Watson Projections - Karl Deisseroth Phineas Finn - Anthony Trollope Religion and the Rise of Capitalism - Benjamin Friedman About The Inquiring Mind Podcast: I created The Inquiring Mind Podcast in order to foster free speech, learn from some of the top experts in various fields, and create a platform for respectful conversations. Learn More: https://www.theinquiringmindpodcast.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theinquiringmindpodcast/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/theinquiringmindpodcast Twitter: https://twitter.com/StanGGoldberg TikTok: https://vm.tiktok.com/ZMdKj2GeG/ Subscribe to the Inquiring Mind Podcast: Spotify: http://spoti.fi/3tdRSOs Apple: http://apple.co/38xXZVJ Google Podcasts: http://bit.ly/3eBZfLl Youtube: https://bit.ly/3tiQieE

In this episode of “Keen On”, Andrew is joined by Edward Glaeser, the author of “Survival of the City: Living and Thriving in an Age of Isolation”, to discuss how cities are changing in the face of existential threats that have only been accelerated by the pandemic. Edward Glaeser is the Fred and Eleanor Glimp Professor of Economics and the Chairman of the Department of Economics at Harvard University, where he has taught microeconomic theory, and occasionally urban and public economics, since 1992. He has served as Director of the Taubman Center for State and Local Government, and Director of the Rappaport Institute for Greater Boston. He has published dozens of papers on cities economic growth, law, and economics. In particular, his work has focused on the determinants of city growth and the role of cities as centers of idea transmission. He received his PhD from the University of Chicago in 1992. Visit our website: https://lithub.com/story-type/keen-on/ Email Andrew: a.keen@me.com Watch the show live on Twitter: https://twitter.com/ajkeen Watch the show live on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ankeen/ Watch the show live on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lithub Watch the show on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/LiteraryHub/videos Subscribe to Andrew's newsletter: https://andrew2ec.substack.com/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

An expert on urban economics and co-author of the new book Survival of the City, Ed says cities have faced far worse than Covid. Steve talks with the Harvard professor about why the slums of Mumbai function so well, high-quality housing in China sits empty, and declining cities hang on for so long.

What will the American city look like one generation from now? While cities have always been hubs of opportunity, urban landscapes have faced an onslaught of difficulties in recent years. Soaring costs of living, the economic downturn of a global pandemic, and a recent uptick in violent crime are straining America's urban engines of productivity. And trends toward remote work have some wondering whether cities are over. What can cities do to meet these challenges? And how can we prepare for the next pandemic? To answer these questions and more, I'm joined by Edward Glaeser. Ed is the Chairman of the Department of Economics at Harvard University and co-author with David Cutler of https://www.amazon.com/Survival-City-Living-Thriving-Isolation-ebook/dp/B08V896ZD6/ (Survival of the City: Living and Thriving in an Age of Isolation), released this week.

What will the American city look like one generation from now? While cities have always been hubs of opportunity, urban landscapes have faced an onslaught of difficulties in recent years. Soaring costs of living, the economic downturn of a global pandemic, and a recent uptick in violent crime are straining America's urban engines of productivity. And trends toward remote work have some wondering whether cities are over. What can cities do to meet these challenges? And how can we prepare for the next pandemic? To answer these questions and more, I'm joined by Edward Glaeser. Ed is the Chairman of the Department of Economics at Harvard University and co-author with David Cutler of Survival of the City: Living and Thriving in an Age of Isolation, released this week.

The notoriously insular American chipmaker wants to throw open the doors. Succeed or fail, this reversal will shake up a $600bn industry at the heart of the global economy. Plus, Harvard economist Edward Glaeser explains how the pandemic is transforming the world's cities. And, as high streets and malls open, can the direct-to-consumer boom last? Patrick Lane hosts.Sign up for our new weekly newsletter dissecting the big themes in markets, business and the economy at economist.com/moneytalks For full access to print, digital and audio editions, subscribe to The Economist at www.economist.com/podcastoffer See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

The notoriously insular American chipmaker wants to throw open the doors. Succeed or fail, this reversal will shake up a $600bn industry at the heart of the global economy. Plus, Harvard economist Edward Glaeser explains how the pandemic is transforming the world's cities. And, as high streets and malls open, can the direct-to-consumer boom last? Patrick Lane hosts.Sign up for our new weekly newsletter dissecting the big themes in markets, business and the economy at economist.com/moneytalks For full access to print, digital and audio editions, subscribe to The Economist at www.economist.com/podcastoffer See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Survival of the City is an essential guide to the past and future of our cities. From New York to New Delhi, COVID-19 has had a devastating impact on our urban world, turning the physical proximity, which is central to the creative energy of the city into a potentially deadly threat to our health and wellbeing. Yet most of us live or work in cities. They are a vital part of both local and global economies and shape the lives we lead and our interactions with others. How can we adjust to this new reality, and what lessons can we learn from the past? In this urgently relevant audiobook, leading experts Edward Glaeser and David Cutler examine the history and future of the global city. They argue the biggest threats are those we have created ourselves - inequalities in housing, health, work and education - and that we need to address these as a matter of urgency if our cities are to continue to thrive and drive economic growth and prosperity. They conclude by proposing some practical measures that governments and citizens need to act on to ensure the survival of the city around the world.

"Not only was our healthcare system failing us in its job of keeping us healthy for as little dollar and resource costs as possible, now we know it's also failing in its ability to keep us safe from pandemic." Harvard economists Edward Glaeser and David Cutler join the show for a discussion centered around their new book Survival of the City: Living and Thriving in an Age of Isolation. The two argue that while city life will survive, individual cities face major risks. What happens when offices don't fill back up? How comfortable are companies with employees working from home? What will distinguish between cities that flourish and those that do not? Also addressed: the major inequities in healthcare and our deeply flawed health system, and how in a city, just like the world, our health is all interconnected. Support Talking Beats with Daniel Lelchuk. Edward Glaeser is the Fred and Eleanor Glimp Professor of Economics and the Chairman of the Department of Economics at Harvard University, where he has taught microeconomic theory, and occasionally urban and public economics, since 1992. He has served as Director of the Taubman Center for State and Local Government, and Director of the Rappaport Institute for Greater Boston. He has published dozens of papers on cities economic growth, law, and economics. In particular, his work has focused on the determinants of city growth and the role of cities as centers of idea transmission. He received his PhD from the University of Chicago in 1992. David Cutler has developed an impressive record of achievement in both academia and the public sector. He served as Assistant Professor of Economics at Harvard University from 1991 to 1995, was named John L. Loeb Associate Professor of Social Sciences in 1995, and received tenure in 1997. He is currently the Otto Eckstein Professor of Applied Economics in the Department of Economics and was named Harvard College Professor in 2014 until 2019. Professor Cutler holds secondary appointments at the Kennedy School of Government and the School of Public Health. Professor Cutler was associate dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences for Social Sciences from 2003-2008.

The Urbanist book club delves into Tom Chesshyre's ‘Park Life', which explores the world's public spaces. Plus, we discuss ‘Survival of the City' by David Cutler and Edward Glaeser, a book on the lessons of the recent lockdowns. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

'Triumph of the City' by Edward Glaeser is a gem that shares insights into why cities are our greatest accomplishment. Humans, Not Buildings Economic Diversity A Hub For Entertainment Sprawl Affects Us All --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/patterns-of-development/message

Byene har tatt den kraftigste støyten etter utbruddet av koronapandemien.Millioner av arbeidstakere er sendt til hjemmekontor under pandemien, mens service, kultur- og hotellnæringen i praksis har fått yrkesforbud. Samtidig har boligprisene mange steder skutt fart på grunn av lave renter og økt etterspørsel etter bolig.Hva skjer med boligmarkedet etter koronapandemien, spurte vi på Eiendom Norge konferansen 13. april 2021.Du møter: Komiker Thomas Giertsen, administrerende direktør Grete W. Meier, Privatmegleren, administrerende direktør Henning Lauridsen, Eiendom Norge, professor Edward Glaeser, Harvard University, forskningssjef Erling Røed Larsen, Housing Lab, sjefsøkonom Kari Due-Andresen, Handelsbanken, administrerende direktør Hedda Ulvness, Eie Eiendomsmegling og sjef for kommunikasjon og politikk Erik Lundesgaard, Eiendom Norge. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

A könyv egyik fő megállapítása, hogy a városok azok a terek, melyek a leginkább képesek támogatni az emberek gyors és hatékony együttműködését, a tudás közös megteremtését, valamint a tanulás és az új információk folyamatos és gyors áramlását. Az urbanizációs folyamatokat tág megközelítéssel, tudományos igénnyel vizsgáló Edward Glaeser e művével szórakoztató módon járul hozzá ahhoz, hogy olvasói megérthessék, hogyan formálja a városok fejlődését a gazdaság térbeli szerkezetének változása, a közszféra szabályozásainak kívánatos és nem várt hatásai, valamint azok kölcsönhatásai. A szerző statisztikai adatokkal alátámasztva a városfejlődési utak sokféleségét többek között New York, Mumbai, Bangalore és London fejlődéstörténeteivel mintázza, emellett a növekedést egyéni szemszögből, élettörténeteken keresztül is bemutatja, több szinten értelmezve és magyarázva a városfejlődés legmarkánsabb összefüggéseit.

Are America’s and the world’s great cities forever changed by COVID-19’s side effects of distanced economies, population exoduses, and accelerated urban decay? Edward Glaeser, a Harvard University urban economist, joins Hoover senior fellows Niall Ferguson, H. R. McMaster, and John Cochrane to discuss whether recent metropolitan decline is unique to the current health crisis or indicative of more permanent demographic shifts.Recorded February 2, 2021

This season of Six Hundred Atlantic focuses on growing regional gaps in variables such as income or health – trends that are decades in the making. Now, they’re being shaped by the global COVID-19 pandemic. Are cities in trouble? Are rural areas poised for a rebound? Urbanist Richard Florida and economist Edward Glaeser join Six Hundred Atlantic for a conversation about our post-pandemic future.

Looking around the country, it might seem like Edward Glaeser was wrong to declare the “Triumph of the City” in his 2011 bestseller of the same name.COVID-19 revealed the fragility of urban areas like New York City, as millions of inhabitants who could afford to flee have done so – leaving behind struggling unemployed workers and cash-strapped governments. Brent Orrell of the American Enterprise Institute notes that we are seeing the acceleration of many existing trends – like remote working – which threaten to eviscerate the downtown commercial real estate market, taking city budgets down with them. Brent's recent Law & Liberty article, Pandemics, Elites, and the Future of the Cities, mirrors many of my thoughts on the future of cities. He will join me this Sunday to explore the themes of his article in more depth.Back in April, I was one of the first to speculate on the fate of skyscraper office buildings in my webinar on "the Future of Lending: Post-COVID." My verdict is that office space – like the financial services sector that has occupied it in places like NYC – has failed its final exam. To borrow Warren Buffett's analogy, it took the low tide of Coronavirus to reveal who was swimming naked.Yet in spite of the inevitable shift towards working-from-home, there are other reasons to be optimistic about cities in general. Glaeser's main point in The Triumph of Cities was that density enables the in-person meeting-of-minds that drives innovation and creativity. Urban sprawl is a direct result of people's growing desire to be close to the action while still having enough space to move around. Density is even more environmentally-friendly, since it eliminates the need to drive.But the same density that drives innovation can also lead to pandemics, rioting, and other forms of social unrest. While the upwardly-mobile have been able to escape to the exurbs or the suburbs, the same low-income people being infected with COVID have no options outside the crowded urban areas in which they reside. I will ask Brent, host of the Hardly Working podcast, how the hit to commercial real estate will affect service workers. We will also discuss the need for visionary leadership by urban elites, who can implement timely zoning reforms and lighten the regulatory load on struggling small businesses.Don't miss the conversation as we dissect the latest turmoil in cities across the country and how 2020 will be the year that makes or breaks cities.Perhaps now is the perfect moment for the New Urbanists, school choice advocates, and civil societarians to bring a free-market revolution to America's battered cities.Follow Brent on Twitter – @Orrell_b.

Harvard University’s Dr. Edward Glaeser joins Dan to examine the implications of COVID-19 on the economics of American cities. Why has the role of cities in battling pandemics changed dramatically over the past century? Will urban or rural communities recover more quickly after the economic shutdown ends? What is the best way to reduce the economic harm to workers who lost their incomes because of the shutdown? Should cities approach their housing and infrastructure policies differently going forward? Dr. Glaeser also sheds light on the more fundamental question of why cities exist in the first place. Dr. Edward Glaeser is the Fred and Eleanor Glimp Professor of Economics in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard University. He has published dozens of papers on the growth, law, and economics of cities. His work is focused on the determinants of city growth and the role of cities as centers of idea transmission. He received his PhD from the University of Chicago.

Harvard economist Edward Glaeser is an expert on how cities function as economic engines and centers of innovation. He notes that the advantages of density in spurring creativity and productivity are mirrored by the vulnerability it creates to threats like disease. Cities and their most vulnerable residents have borne the brunt of pandemics since antiquity. As Covid-19 tests the resources and resilience of urban centers and confronts leaders with difficult choices, Glaeser explains the policy options for protecting people and stabilizing the economy.

Guest speakers include Michael Robinet, Edward Glaeser, Desmond Lachman, Max Roser, Steven Davis, Philip Fischer, Chris Arnade, Stephen Krasner, Dr. Charles Schwartz, Dr. Alan Gwertzman, Joel Mokyr, Ernest Freeberg, Dr. Jeremy Brown, Gary Saul Morson, and Jeff Shell.

The Real Estate Addicts are thrilled to be joined by Ed Glaeser, Professor of Economics at Harvard University and author of the compelling and provocative book Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier. In this episode we explore why change is unlikely to be as terrifying as people have convinced themselves it’s likely to be, why unleashing private developers and allowing real growth promotes affordability (hint: “There is no repealing the laws of supply and demand!”). We touch on the notion of “landmarks” and Ed explains why “History shouldn’t be a straight jacket”. Other topics we touch on include, public transit, regulatory creep, we compare Detroit to Silicon Valley, Congestion pricing and finally we answer the question, how are good cities like good libraries? Thank you for sharing, rating & reviewing & we look forward to your feedback!

In Betrouwbare Bronnen episode 82 Jaap Jansen en PG Kroeger have a conversation with economist Edward Glaeser, the Fred and Eleanor Glimp professor at Harvard University, specialised in the economy of cities.“Globalisation and new technologies have radically increased the returns to being smart", Glaeser says. "We are social species that get smart by being around other smart people. Face to face contact is still highly relevant, so cities are. On our own we are puny creatures. Collectively, we do miraculous things. Cities are machines for enabling us to collaborate. To buy and sell, to meet and to learn from one another. In a very deep sense, we are an urban species. We become more human when we are surrounded by other humans. And that’s what cities do.”We also talk about problems in city governance, such as building houses for everyone, airbnb and dealing with too many tourists.“Building new houses in Dutch cities is less easier than in the United States, because your cities are more precious and beautiful. Messing with them is a more risky bussiness. If you have to many tourists, you are not charging them enough. And think about some mild law and order interventions. Drunk young tourists wouldn’t behave the same in their hometowns, because they would be locked up and jailed.”Professor Glaeser warns politicians – such as the Democrats in the United States – not to cut off ties with rural areas and their inhabitants. “Succesfull urbanites have to find some common bond with these people, otherwise they’re gonna vote for some other politicians than you. If you nominate candidates that only speak to people who share your values, you have an America that’s split. And the same thing is true everywhere.”Some cities, places and regions mentioned in this conversation: New York, Amsterdam, Houston, Pudong (Shanghai), Mumbai, Singapore, Chicago, the Eastern heartland of the U.S. *** Special thanks go to Tilburg University Society and professor Sylvester Eijffinger who facilitated this converstation when Edward Glaeser visited Tilburg University in january for the Vrienden van Cobbenhagen Lecture 2020.*** Reading moreEdward Glaeser’s websiteEdward Glaeser - Triumph of the city, How Urban Spaces Make Us Human (Pan Macmillan 2012)Robert A. Caro - The Power Broker, Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (Random House, 2004)*** This episode of Betrouwbare Bronnen has been made possible in part by Weee Nederland*** Timeline00:00:00 – Intro00:01:09 – Part 100:31:03 – Part 200:56:50 – Outro00:57:23 – The End

Host Michael Hainsworth sits down with economist and Harvard professor Edward Glaeser to talk housing supply, the affordable housing crisis, and and why he believes the housing market is rigged against millennials.

I åratal sökte Harvard-professorn Edward Glaeser efter nya sätt att studera världens städer. Sedan slogs han av en möjligen oväntad idé. 

Så du vill skänka pengar till välgörenhet? Fint, men var gör dina pengar mest nytta? Det, visar det sig, är en fråga som inte är helt enkel att besvara. Kapitalets producent Åsa Secher gjorde ett försök, och stötte på ett gäng som kallar sig för "effektiva altruister". -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Kan man se sopor från rymden? Och kan det i sin tur ge svar på hur världens borgmästare sköter sina städer? Vi har träffat Harvard-forskaren Edward Glaeser som berättar hur han använder "big data" för att söka svar på hur världens städer fungerar. Inslaget är en del av Kapitalets samarbete med SNS, och fler liknande program hittar ni i podden SNS Reportage.

For more information about Harvard Magazine and this podcast, visit www.harvardmagazine.com/podcast and follow us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram.A full transcript of this episode can be found at https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2019/podcast/edward-glaeserAsk a Harvard Professor is hosted by Jonathan Shaw and produced by Lydia Carmichael Rosenberg. Our theme music was composed by Louis Weeks.

Edward Glaeser, professor i nationalekonomi vid Harvarduniversitet, beskriver i en ny SNS-rapport hur maskininlärning och stora datamängder kan användas för att förbättra planering i städer. Genom att nyttja stora datamängder som dagligen genereras i städer kan vi göra hälsoinspektioner på restauranger effektivare och prognoser av gentrifiering bättre. Vi kan också använda bilder i Google Street View för att studera hur gaturummets utseende påverkar fastighetspriser.  Hur långt har svenska städer kommit i att använda de nya metoderna? Vilka möjligheter och fallgropar innebär digitaliseringen för våra städer?  Rapporten presenteras av SNS forskningsledare Therese Lind. Medverkar för att diskutera gör Anna König Jerlmyr, finansborgarråd (m) i Stockholm stad och Christoffer Börjesson, chef för digital fastighetsutveckling vid Fastighetsägarna samt Anders Karlström och Alexander Ståhle från KTH.

Where is the richest, smartest, greenest, healthiest, and happiest place to live? You might be imagining an idyllic mountain valley somewhere, but our guest, Edward Glaeser, is here today to tell you that the heart of the city is the place to be.

Invest Alongside Boston's Top Angels: Link to Our Syndicates Barely two years out of Harvard, founder Ben Pleat of Cobu has owners of premier apartment buildings excited by the community-creating activities that make their properties more desirable places to live. Owners spend heavily on making the physical spaces attractive but are frequently frustrated by tenant turnover that averages 50 per cent per annum.  Cobu helps develop a sense of belonging that increases tenant satisfaction and lowers turnover. Ben’s not doing this alone, he’s recruited an impressive team of colleagues and advisors who share his vision. He tells us the Cobu story in an accessible and engaging manner. Topics include: Introduction Sal intros the show and mentions portfolio company Vedanta Biosciences. Ben Pleat bio. Sal sees the problem Cobu is solving first-hand in his multi-family properties. Ben pitched at Walnut Ventures and Sal found his pitch compelling. Cobu Connecting residents in communities of 300 to 400 hundred residents through shared interests. Using technology for community management with the goal of creating a sense of home. Cobu is starting with large, new buildings that are usually owned by institutions. Cobu is addressing the global problem of isolation, UK just appointed a Minister for Loneliness. Cobu is using technology to create genuine human connections. Creating opportunities for people to meet in authentic, face-to-face, offline ways. Founding Story Ben’s inspiration for founding the company came from professional and personal experiences. Working for institutional owners he saw how putting in granite counter tops, climbing walls and roof decks did not move the needle on high tenant turnover. People move across the street because they lack a sense of belonging. In his personal life, Ben saw how isolated his mother, a highly social person, became when she realized her dream to move to an upscale building in Manhattan’s trendy Greenwich Village. Eventually she found another place to live which was more conducive to her avid need to engage with her neighbors. That someone as outgoing as his mother could become isolated by her choice of housing made Ben realize the massive implications of the problem of creating community in large residential settings. It’s an issue not just for retiring Baby Boomers but also for Gen Z and Millennials. Cobu stands for community building. His mom found community, ironically in a mid-Town building with few common spaces. Team Co-founder Steve McLaughlin has twenty-five years in digital marketing, building online communities for large brands. Melissa Manning, Director of Community has a natural talent for connecting people. Kim Votruba-Matook leads content and brand. Jeff Beir, successful entrepreneur and venture capitalist is an early advisor. Sal’ Portfolio Company Vedanta Biosciences Sal talks about of his favorite portfolio companies, Vedanta Biosciences, a leader in the micro-biome space. The company is in Phase III trials with a treatment for C. difficile as well as in Phase Ib/II trials for a therapy for peanut allergies. This illustrates the kind of company Sal runs into in his investing. He invites accredited investors to consider his syndicates as a way to invest alongside Boston’s leading angels. Cobu’s Go to Market Strategy Cobu is working with major players such National Development and Boston Properties to power communities in their buildings. Go to market is to continue to partner with leading developers in properties with 100+ units which are near a critical mass of retail areas and thus amenable to community building. Also getting inbound leads. Metrics Measuring the results with a Community Index. Four main elements: (1) sense of membership, mutual influence, needs fulfilled by community and shared connection in person. Software does not build community; it helps people build community. LinkedIn as an Example Addressing the value of software in building community, Sal mentions the example of Gillian Isabelle of Enlivity (https://www.angelinvestboston.com/ep-76-gillian-isabelle-enlivity) finding her co-founder on LinkedIn. Podcasts Ben Listens to Masters of Scale with Reid Hoffman How I Built This with Guy Raz Likes the highly produced narrative of How I Built This Sal really values the repeated exposure to different models Business Model Charge building owners a per unit fee, also get revenue from national brands. Avoid one or two turnovers and the owner pays for Cobu for the whole year. Future-proofing buildings Projections Cobu is now in 3,000 units. Expect to be in twenty to twenty-five units by the end of 2020. Finding Your Calling Ben was always fascinated by the energy of cities. His other interest was entrepreneurship inherited from his immigrant mother. Ben and Sal enthuse on Edward Glaeser’s book Triumph of the City. Ed Glaeser is an advisor to Cobu. Ben grew up just outside Queens in New York. Ben’s Parting Thoughts Ben finds Boston a highly supportive place to build a startup. Ben talks about Harvard’s iLab as a great place to build an early-stage company. Ben finds that Boston founders are remarkably ambitious.

We interview Prof. Edward Glaeser of Harvard University on his best-known work, ranging from the obesity crisis in America during the last half-century to the twentieth-century rise of the welfare state. Learn about the "Political Economy of Hatred", why cities have high crime, and the astounding benefits of dynamic externalities.

Economists Bryan Caplan and Edward Glaeser debate at the Soho Forum.

In Edward Glaeser’s ‘Triumph of the City’, published in 2011, he describes how our biggest invention can make us richer, smarter, greener, healthier, and happier. This is mostly caused by economies of scale, and a smaller commuting time for most of us. Next to that, cities are a valuable way to look for innovation, as great minds are more likely to diffuse their knowledge and skills if they are within reach of each other.But how can these advantages be created, and can the inequality in big cities be reduced? Are cities even the best way of creating a better and greener society, or does the smog and pollution in Asian metropolises prove otherwise?We discuss these questions with Harvard professor Edward Glaeser.Interviewers: Kari Spijker & Pierre LieversMusic: Ruse by www.musicscreen.org

In Edward Glaeser’s ‘Triumph of the City’, published in 2011, he describes how our biggest invention can make us richer, smarter, greener, healthier, and happier. This is mostly caused by economies of scale, and a smaller commuting time for most of us. Next to that, cities are a valuable way to look for innovation, as great minds are more likely to diffuse their knowledge and skills if they are within reach of each other.But how can these advantages be created, and can the inequality in big cities be reduced? Are cities even the best way of creating a better and greener society, or does the smog and pollution in Asian metropolises prove otherwise?We discuss these questions with Harvard professor Edward Glaeser.Interviewers: Kari Spijker & Pierre LieversMusic: Ruse by www.musicscreen.org

Why are fewer men working over the last few decades? Is a universal basic income a good policy for coping with the loss of employment? Economist Edward Glaeser of Harvard University talks with EconTalk host Russ Roberts about what Glaeser calls the war on work--the policy changes that have reduced employment among prime-aged men. Glaeser does not see the universal basic income as a viable solution to the decrease in work especially if technology ends up reducing employment opportunities more dramatically in the future. The conversation also includes a discussion of the role of cities and the reduction in geographic mobility in the United States.

Harvard economist Edward Glaeser explains the dynamics of cities and the role they play in developing new industries, adding to human capital and directing overall economic growth. As author of the best-selling book, "Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier," Glaeser brings his considerable knowledge of urban life to the Economics Roundtable at UC San Diego. Series: "Economics Roundtable" [Public Affairs] [Show ID: 33043]

Harvard economist Edward Glaeser explains the dynamics of cities and the role they play in developing new industries, adding to human capital and directing overall economic growth. As author of the best-selling book, "Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier," Glaeser brings his considerable knowledge of urban life to the Economics Roundtable at UC San Diego. Series: "Economics Roundtable" [Public Affairs] [Show ID: 33043]

Harvard economist Edward Glaeser explains the dynamics of cities and the role they play in developing new industries, adding to human capital and directing overall economic growth. As author of the best-selling book, "Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier," Glaeser brings his considerable knowledge of urban life to the Economics Roundtable at UC San Diego. Series: "Economics Roundtable" [Public Affairs] [Show ID: 33043]

Harvard economist Edward Glaeser explains the dynamics of cities and the role they play in developing new industries, adding to human capital and directing overall economic growth. As author of the best-selling book, "Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier," Glaeser brings his considerable knowledge of urban life to the Economics Roundtable at UC San Diego. Series: "Economics Roundtable" [Public Affairs] [Show ID: 33043]

Algebris Investments' Alberto Gallo says the FX market may panic again once Britain triggers Article 50. Prior to that, Baroness Helena Kennedy, a Labour Party member of the House of Lords, says British Prime Minister Theresa May will have to try to compromise when it comes to Brexit. Edward Glaeser, an economics professor at Harvard University, says when we start thinking that infrastructure is a solution to all of our problems, we get bridges to nowhere. Finally, Roger Bootle, founder of Capital Economics, says he'd be surprised if U.K. confidence falls back in 2017. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

Algebris Investments' Alberto Gallo says the FX market may panic again once Britain triggers Article 50. Prior to that, Baroness Helena Kennedy, a Labour Party member of the House of Lords, says British Prime Minister Theresa May will have to try to compromise when it comes to Brexit. Edward Glaeser, an economics professor at Harvard University, says when we start thinking that infrastructure is a solution to all of our problems, we get bridges to nowhere. Finally, Roger Bootle, founder of Capital Economics, says he'd be surprised if U.K. confidence falls back in 2017.

It has been a familiar story of decline in Europe and North America: former industrial areas unable to keep up with global competition, devastated by enormous losses in manufacturing jobs. In a new book, Antoine Van Agtmael - the man who coined the term ‘emerging markets’ – challenges this received wisdom. He tells Manuela Saragosa how places like places like Akron, Ohio and Albany in the United States and Eindhoven and Dresden in Europe are using deep industry expertise, world-class research institutions and a sense of urgency from having hit rock bottom in decades past, to turn their fortunes around. Could the next 'emerging economy' in fact be the West? They are joined by author, commentator and former CEO of Procter & Gamble India, Gucharan Das and urban economist from Harvard University, Edward Glaeser. Image: Hand with light bulbs, Credit: Thinkstock

Pinar Keskin reads from Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier by Edward Glaeser, published by Penguin. "If energy users are taxed for the social costs of their actions, then they'll use more fuel-efficient cars and live in more energy-efficient houses. They'll also find energy-conserving big-city life more appealing."

Edward Glaeser argues that too little attention is paid to land-use regulation when it comes to promoting economic growth.From "The Future of U.S. Economic Growth" conference. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

If you experience any technical difficulties with this video or would like to make an accessibility-related request, please send a message to digicomm@uchicago.edu. In a panel moderated by Lars Peter Hansen, Edward Glaeser, Claudia Goldin and Robert Lucas Jr. reflect on how Gary Becker’s work to understand the development of human capital shaped the research agenda in that vein for decades to come.

If you experience any technical difficulties with this video or would like to make an accessibility-related request, please send a message to digicomm@uchicago.edu.I n a panel moderated by Lars Peter Hansen, Edward Glaeser, Claudia Goldin and Robert Lucas Jr. reflect on how Gary Becker’s work to understand the development of human capital shaped the research agenda in that vein for decades to come.

Can a successful company and a run-down downtown vitalize each other? Tony Hsieh, CEO of the phenomenally successful Zappos, is betting exactly that in Las Vegas. He moved his company headquarters into the former city hall and is integrating the Zappos campus into the surrounding neighborhood, meanwhile investing millions to provide a dense urban experience for the locals as well as his employees. His “Downtown Project” declares: “We’ve allocated $350 million to aid in the revitalization of Downtown Las Vegas. We’re investing $200 million in real estate, $50 million in small businesses, $50 million in education, and $50 million in tech startups.” The fantasy is well along into impressive reality, according to a January 02014 article in Wired. What is being learned may change how cities and companies think of themselves---and of each other. Hsieh’s theory of urban vitality comes from Edward Glaeser’s book The Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier. His theory of company vitality he has spelled out in his own book, Delivering Happiness: A Path to Profits, Passion, and Purpose.

El planeta es cada vez más urbano. Para algunos expertos, como el economista urbano Edward Glaeser, las ciudades son el mejor invento; estas aglomeraciones urbanas generan riqueza, conocimiento, tecnología, interacción, innovación, aprovechan mejor los recursos –por concentrar mucha gente en poco espacio– y hasta promueven la felicidad.

Edward Glaeser of Harvard University and author of The Triumph of Cities talks with EconTalk host Russ Roberts about American cities. The conversation begins with a discussion of the history of Detroit over the last century and its current plight. What might be done to improve Detroit's situation? Why are other cities experiencing similar challenges to those facing Detroit? Why are some cities thriving and growing? What policies might help ailing cities and what policies have helped those cities that succeed? The conversation concludes with a discussion of why cities have such potential for growth.

Edward Glaeser of Harvard University and author of The Triumph of Cities talks with EconTalk host Russ Roberts about American cities. The conversation begins with a discussion of the history of Detroit over the last century and its current plight. What might be done to improve Detroit's situation? Why are other cities experiencing similar challenges to those facing Detroit? Why are some cities thriving and growing? What policies might help ailing cities and what policies have helped those cities that succeed? The conversation concludes with a discussion of why cities have such potential for growth.

Edward Glaeser of Harvard University and author of The Triumph of Cities talks with EconTalk host Russ Roberts about American cities. The conversation begins with a discussion of the history of Detroit over the last century and its current plight. What might be done to improve Detroit's situation? Why are other cities experiencing similar challenges to those facing Detroit? Why are some cities thriving and growing? What policies might help ailing cities and what policies have helped those cities that succeed? The conversation concludes with a discussion of why cities have such potential for growth.

Edward Glaeser of Harvard University and author of The Triumph of Cities talks with EconTalk host Russ Roberts about American cities. The conversation begins with a discussion of the history of Detroit over the last century and its current plight. What might be done to improve Detroit's situation? Why are other cities experiencing similar challenges to those facing Detroit? Why are some cities thriving and growing? What policies might help ailing cities and what policies have helped those cities that succeed? The conversation concludes with a discussion of why cities have such potential for growth.

Edward Glaeser, the Fred and Eleanor Glimp Professor of Economics at Harvard University, delivers the annual Cornelson Distinguished Lecture in Economics. As director of the Taubman Center for State and Local Government and the Rappaport Institute for Greater Boston, Glaeser studies the economics of cities, and writes on urban issues such as the growth of cities, segregation, crime, and housing markets. He is particularly interested in the role that geographic proximity can play in creating knowledge and innovation.

If you experience any technical difficulties with this video or would like to make an accessibility-related request, please send a message to digicomm@uchicago.edu. Edward Glaeser, Professor of Economics in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University; Director of the Taubman Center for State and Local Government and Director of the Rappaport Institute of Greater Boston

If you experience any technical difficulties with this video or would like to make an accessibility-related request, please send a message to digicomm@uchicago.edu. Edward Glaeser, Professor of Economics in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University; Director of the Taubman Center for State and Local Government and Director of the Rappaport Institute of Greater Boston

If you experience any technical difficulties with this video or would like to make an accessibility-related request, please send a message to digicomm@uchicago.edu. Edward Glaeser, Professor of Economics in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University; Director of the Taubman Center for State and Local Government and Director of the Rappaport Institute of Greater Boston

If you experience any technical difficulties with this video or would like to make an accessibility-related request, please send a message to digicomm@uchicago.edu. Edward Glaeser, Professor of Economics in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University; Director of the Taubman Center for State and Local Government and Director of the Rappaport Institute of Greater Boston

If you experience any technical difficulties with this video or would like to make an accessibility-related request, please send a message to digicomm@uchicago.edu. Edward Glaeser, Professor of Economics in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University; Director of the Taubman Center for State and Local Government and Director of the Rappaport Institute of Greater Boston

If you experience any technical difficulties with this video or would like to make an accessibility-related request, please send a message to digicomm@uchicago.edu. Edward Glaeser, Professor of Economics in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University; Director of the Taubman Center for State and Local Government and Director of the Rappaport Institute of Greater Boston

Edward Glaeser, Jonathan Glancey and John Vidal discuss why more than half of the world's population now lives in cities and the economic and social forces behind this trend