A fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock
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This is a true story. Of two strange podcasters picked to podcast in an attic about a strange country. Find out what happens when Beth and Kelly stop being polite and start getting real about The Real World, the reality show that created the blueprint for all other reality shows. Theme music: Big White Lie by A Cast of Thousands Cite your sources: Arthur, Kate. “Looking Back At "The Real World: San Francisco," The Show That Changed The World.” Buzzfeed, 7 January 2014, https://www.buzzfeed.com/kateaurthur/real-world-san-francisco-pedro-zamora-rachel-campos. Chaney, Jen. “Every White Person Should Watch This Week's The Real World Homecoming.” Vulture, 19 March 2021, https://www.vulture.com/2021/03/the-real-world-homecoming-rebecca-kevin-racism-fight-episode.html. Cohen, Randy. "Real World. Not." The New York Times Book Review, 12 July 1998. Gale OneFile: News, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A150174908/STND?u=nysl_sc_ahs&sid=bookmark-STND&xid=0add2ee3. Accessed 22 Feb. 2025. Gatollari, Mustafa. “The Real World Cast Members Who Have Died.” Distractify, 24 June 2024, https://www.distractify.com/p/real-world-members-who-have-died. Accessed 21 February 2025. Heldman, Breanne L. “Eric Nies Reflects on Life After The Real World: 'My Life Is Filled with Angels and Demons.'” People.com, 24 February 2021, https://people.com/tv/eric-nies-life-after-the-real-world/. Accessed 22 February 2025. Nussbaum, Emily. Cue the Sun! The Invention of Reality TV. Random House Publishing Group, 2024. O'Connor, John J. "Review/Television; 'The Real World,' According to MTV." New York Times, 9 July 1992. Gale OneFile: News, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A174928194/STND?u=nysl_sc_ahs&sid=bookmark-STND&xid=0a1bbe5a. Accessed 20 Feb. 2025. Roberts, Michael. “The Unreal World | Music | Denver.” Denver Westword, 14 March 1996, https://www.westword.com/music/the-unreal-world-5056129. Accessed 17 February 2025. Shales, Tom. “MTV's ‘The Real World' needs to, like, get real.” San Antonio Express, One Star ed., 5 June 1992, p. 26. NewsBank: America's Historical Newspapers, https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info%3Asid/infoweb.newsbank.com&svc_dat=EANX-K12&req_dat=0FA0729FAB9D3500&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi/fmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft_dat=document_id%3Aimage%252Fv2%253A10EEA20F1A545758%2540EANX-K12-16DE61B4872929B2%25402448779-16DE257513777099%254025-16DE257513777099%2540. Accessed 20 Feb. 2025. Wallace-Wells, Benjamin (November 18, 2003). "Reality Killed the Video Star". The Washington Monthly. Archived from the original on March 24, 2006. Wickman, Kase. “Sean Duffy From The Real World Is Trump's Latest Cabinet Pick. Yep.” Vanity Fair, 19 November 2024, https://www.vanityfair.com/style/story/sean-duffy-from-the-real-world-is-trumps-latest-cabinet-pick?srsltid=AfmBOopQpcPd7CaQppFbaXcvMwJ-FZX_J2BL142NZWfOdNXIErmPpest.
Under interrogation by the League of Acolytes for Televisual Emcees and Raconteurs, Mitch finally comes clean about what went down on the SS Mayhem at the afterparty to end all afterparties.Endnotes:Mike Myers, Canada (Canada, Doubleday Canada, 2016) p207. Capsule Review: Barely a memoir, more a celebration of Canadianness, Myers must be among the most patriotic citizens of the largely unenthusiastic (in my experience) nation. Lots of semi-interesting trivia and observations for southern Ontario residents and enthusiasts. Relevant information about Myer's career exposes a ridiculous amount of privilege and fortune, which is reasonably acknowledged but not examined critically. Myers easy confidence/sense of entitlement seems to have played a significant part of his overall trajectory. Slack Score: 15; Snark Score: 9.3; Overall FCA ranking: 84Richard Pryor, Pryor Convictions; and Other Life Sentences; The Official Autobiography (Los Angeles, Pantheon, 1997) p.97 Capsule Review: One of the most tragic/upsetting of all FCAs, much of the story has been told in bits and pieces either in standup sets or Jo Jo Dancer, and the written word doesn't quite convey the conflicted nuance of Pryor's voice. Nonetheless, a traumatic moving confessional. Interjections by Mudbone provide a welcome alterity and distancing from the heartbreak of the main narrative and a poetic flourish I didn't expect going in** Slack Score: -15; Snark Score: 4; Overall FCA ranking: 5Tom Shales & James Andrew Miller, Live from New York: An Uncensored History of Saturday Night Live (New York, Little, Brown and Company, 2014) p16; (see original citation for Chapter 11)Dick Ebersol, From Saturday Night to Sunday Night (New York, Simon & Schuster, 2022) p.98. Capsule Review: I only read through the SNL relevant sections, so can't comment on the whole Ebersol enchilada, but he's not a comedian by any measure so it's outside of the scope of this project. Writing is just so-so. He's clearly just trying to get his side of the story out there, probably takes a bit too much credit or deflects blame when possible. Doug Hill & Jeff Weingrad, Saturday Night: A Backstage History of Saturday Night Live (San Francisco, Unread Reads, 1986) p.511 (general anecdote widely repeated) Earlier, much more compelling behind-the-scenes story of The Show's inception until the return of Lorne Michaels creation and first decade than the more wide-ranging oral history by Shales and Miller. Not technically an FCA, so no rankings given.
This Flashback Friday is from episode 245, published last Feb 26, 2012. Jason interviews author, Amity Shlaes, about her book, “The Forgotten Man: A New History of the Great Depression.” Franklin D. Roosevelt spoke of the forgotten man as the man at the bottom of the economic pyramid, the poor man, the homeless man. Miss Shlaes explains that there is another forgotten man, the taxpayer, based on an algebraic description by William Graham Sumner. Jason and Miss Shlaes explore the concept that the Great Depression was man-made, that the Federal government suppressed the economy and the markets, which slowed recovery. A zombie-like economy has ensued in America, very similar to what happened with Japan's economic downfall, which is still recovering two decades later. Miss Shlaes also shares how the collective or community aspect, particularly farms, encouraged and funded by the government, did not work because of bad stewardship – nobody cared about anything because nobody owned anything. In order for people to care and succeed, they must be allowed to own property, own businesses, and own their homes. Amity Shlaes and Jason move on to discuss “The Greedy Hand,” as it refers to taxation. As Miss Shlaes researched the history of The Greedy Hand, she found that Americans initially resisted tax withholding, that it was not just accepted. Over time, taxation has become extremely complex, and the best solution would be to simplify it again. Miss Shlaes also shares her predictions on inflation for 2012. She encourages people to read, to educate themselves and their children. Amity Shlaes is a syndicated columnist for Bloomberg and a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. In addition to writing on political economy, she writes on taxes. She is a contributor to Marketplace, the public radio show. She has appeared on numerous radio and television shows over the years. Miss Shlaes was formerly a columnist for the Financial Times and, before that a member of the editorial board of the Wall Street Journal, specializing in economics. In the early 1990s she served as the Journal's features, or "op ed" editor. Prior to that, she followed the collapse of communism for the Wall Street Journal/Europe. Over the years she has published in the National Review, the New Republic, Foreign Affairs (on the German economy), the American Spectator, the Suddeutsche Zeitung and Die Zeit. In 2002, she contributed an article on the US tax code to the thirtieth anniversary anthology of Tax Notes, the scholarly journal. Miss Shlaes has twice been a finalist for the Loeb Prize in commentary, her field's best known prize. In 2002, she was co-winner of the Frederic Bastiat Prize, an international prize for writing on political economy. In 2003, she spent several months at the American Academy in Berlin as the JP Morgan Fellow for finance and economy. Follow Jason on TWITTER, INSTAGRAM & LINKEDIN Twitter.com/JasonHartmanROI Instagram.com/jasonhartman1/ Linkedin.com/in/jasonhartmaninvestor/ Call our Investment Counselors at: 1-800-HARTMAN (US) or visit: https://www.jasonhartman.com/ Free Class: Easily get up to $250,000 in funding for real estate, business or anything else: http://JasonHartman.com/Fund CYA Protect Your Assets, Save Taxes & Estate Planning: http://JasonHartman.com/Protect Get wholesale real estate deals for investment or build a great business – Free Course: https://www.jasonhartman.com/deals Special Offer from Ron LeGrand: https://JasonHartman.com/Ron Free Mini-Book on Pandemic Investing: https://www.PandemicInvesting.com
Anyone who has done geologic work in the Keystone State might wonder how things got so complicated. Pennsylvania's geologic history is long and complex. Join us to explore how that complexity came about.
Stemilt Growers Marketing Director Brianna Shales says Cosmic Crisp will should be plentiful for apple lovers this year, including organic Cosmics!
Washington apple harvest is well underway and, so far, according to Stemilt Growers Brianna Shales, the reports are showing really good volume and great quality fruit.
Washington apple harvest is well underway and, so far, according to Stemilt Growers Brianna Shales, the reports are showing really good volume and great quality fruit.
Amity Shlaes—Historian and Author of “Coolidge”, “The Forgotten Man: A New History of the Great Depression”, and “Great Society: A New History”—joins The Rich Zeoli Show to discuss her recent Wall Street Journal editorial, “The Gilded Age Myth, Then and Now.” In the piece, Shales argues: “Everything old is new again, and blaming the rich for America's woes is no exception. The rise of progressivism before the turn of the 20th century was fueled by the perception that “robber barons” of industry and finance had earned their fortunes from their monopoly power that allowed them to exploit the poor and middle class… That thinking has re-emerged in the Democratic Party today, though this time it has its sights set on our economy's tech giants… The wealth created by industrialization, modern finance and communication has reduced poverty, elevated material well-being and promoted general prosperity. Economic growth isn't a zero-sum game.” You can read the full editorial here: https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-gilded-age-myth-then-and-now-income-inequality-progressive-movement-economic-output-507dbc69?mod=opinion_lead_pos5
The Rich Zeoli Show- Full Episode (05/09/2023): 3:05pm- According to reports, a volunteer canvassing on behalf of progressive Mayoral candidate Helen Gym's campaign shot a fellow canvasser—killing the 46-year-old man. Following the shooting, Gym distanced herself from the shooter tweeting, “the canvasser was not part of our campaign, this loss is deeply felt by all of us.” 3:15pm- On Tuesday, a New York jury found former President Donald Trump liable for sexually abusing and defaming E. Jean Carroll in a civil trial—awarding her $5 million in damages. Three hours after beginning deliberations, the nine-person jury delivered their verdict. They also concluded that Trump did not rape Carroll, as she had claimed occurred at a department store thirty years ago. 3:35pm- Responding to a Manhattan jury's ruling that he is liable in a civil suit filed against him by E. Jean Carroll, former President Donald Trump said via his Truth Social account: “I have absolutely no idea who this woman is. This verdict is a disgrace—a continuation of the greatest witch hunt of all time!” 3:55pm- Matt's pathetic mustache and Henry's legendary mullet make another appearance on The Rich Zeoli Show's YouTube livestream. You can follow 1210 WPHT's YouTube page here: https://www.youtube.com/@1210WPHT 4:05pm- Did mainstream news outlets, like The New York Times, treat sexual assault allegations made against President Joe Biden with the same legitimacy as those made against former President Donald Trump? Rich demonstrates that credible claims made by Tara Reade against then-Senator Biden were dismissed. 4:35pm- According to a report from Fox News' Jacqui Heinrich, the White House press office prevent New York Post reporter Steven Nelson from covering President Joe Biden's announcement that he and Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg had crafted a policy that would require airlines to compensate passengers for missed or delayed flights. Notably, Nelson had recently written an unflattering article about Biden's son Hunter. 5:05pm- The Drive at 5: According to a CNN report, with Title 42 set to expire on May 11th, more than 150,000 migrants are waiting along the U.S. southern border. 5:10pm- While speaking with Sean Hannity on Fox News, Democratic presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. explained that he's running against Joe Biden because he doesn't like the trajectory the country is heading under the President's leadership. 5:15pm- Can you be too fat to be guilty of indecent exposure? Evidently. 5:20pm- On Tuesday, former Fox News prime-time host Tucker Carlson announced that he will be launching a brand-new show that he will broadcast on Twitter's platform. In the video announcing the program, Carlson praised Twitter for being one of the few major platforms that respects free speech and an unrestricted exchange of ideas. 5:30pm- The Mystery Movie Clip! 5:45pm- While speaking on CNBC, Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen called the Republican proposal to raise the federal debt limit “draconian” and accused the bill of preventing generous government investments in “clean energy”. 6:05pm- Amity Shlaes—Historian and Author of “Coolidge”, “The Forgotten Man: A New History of the Great Depression”, and “Great Society: A New History”—joins The Rich Zeoli Show to discuss her recent Wall Street Journal editorial, “The Gilded Age Myth, Then and Now.” In the piece, Shales argues: “Everything old is new again, and blaming the rich for America's woes is no exception. The rise of progressivism before the turn of the 20th century was fueled by the perception that “robber barons” of industry and finance had earned their fortunes from their monopoly power that allowed them to exploit the poor and middle class… That thinking has re-emerged in the Democratic Party today, though this time it has its sights set on our economy's tech giants… The wealth created by industrialization, modern finance and communication has reduced poverty, elevated material well-being and promoted general prosperity. Economic growth isn't a zero-sum game.” You can read the full editorial here: https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-gilded-age-myth-then-and-now-income-inequality-progressive-movement-economic-output-507dbc69?mod=opinion_lead_pos5 6:30pm- Zeoli Show listener Santo picks today's music playlist! 6:40pm- Listeners react to a jury finding former President Donald Trump liable for sexually abusing and defaming E. Jean Carroll in a New York civil trial. Will the case have any impact on the 2024 Presidential Election?
The Rich Zeoli Show- Hour 4: Amity Shlaes—Historian and Author of “Coolidge”, “The Forgotten Man: A New History of the Great Depression”, and “Great Society: A New History”—joins The Rich Zeoli Show to discuss her recent Wall Street Journal editorial, “The Gilded Age Myth, Then and Now.” In the piece, Shales argues: “Everything old is new again, and blaming the rich for America's woes is no exception. The rise of progressivism before the turn of the 20th century was fueled by the perception that “robber barons” of industry and finance had earned their fortunes from their monopoly power that allowed them to exploit the poor and middle class… That thinking has re-emerged in the Democratic Party today, though this time it has its sights set on our economy's tech giants… The wealth created by industrialization, modern finance and communication has reduced poverty, elevated material well-being and promoted general prosperity. Economic growth isn't a zero-sum game.” You can read the full editorial here: https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-gilded-age-myth-then-and-now-income-inequality-progressive-movement-economic-output-507dbc69?mod=opinion_lead_pos5 Zeoli Show listener Santo picks today's music playlist! Listeners react to a jury finding former President Donald Trump liable for sexually abusing and defaming E. Jean Carroll in a New York civil trial. Will the case have any impact on the 2024 Presidential Election?
Listeners will be inspired by Patti Shales Lefkos' incredible story of determination, passion, and love for travel and education. From trekking over 700 kilometres of the Great Himalayan Trail to building homes and supporting education in Nepal, Patti has made a significant impact on the lives of many. She reminds us that one person can make a difference and encourages listeners to find their passion and keep moving forward. This podcast is a must-listen for anyone looking for inspiration and a reminder that it's never too late to make a positive impact on the world.Follow Patti on her trek via her website, and check out her book, Grounded by Granite, exploring the early life of Patti and her siblings spending time at their summer home, near Frontenac Provincial Park. Spending summers swimming, fishing and hunting for snapping turtles. I highly recommend you read her book, Nepal, One Day at a Time, One woman's quest to teach, trek and help build a school in a remote village in the Himalayas. Patti's story will inspire do go the extra mile, to do what some say is impossible.About the Host, Randall McKeown
Homegrown Solutions for a Patchwork World - The Skills, Talents, and Mindsets of Changemakers
Patti Shales Lefkos is one inspiring changemaker! At an age where many are retiring to take it easy, Patti is hitting the roads and the trails on great adventures to learn all she can, help all she can, and inspire us all to take the reins and live big lives. In this episode of “On Your Own Terms,” Patti shares her “Homegrown Solutions for a Patchwork World”. Watch the video of our conversation, listen to the … Adventures in Changemaking with Patti Shales Lefkos Read More »
From seed capital to hemp growth. Medicann provides science-backed, reliable and affordable cannabis medicines to patients in need. 2016 was a big year for cannabis. And we're not just talking smoke but the industry in Australia took a massive step forward when medicinal cannabis products finally became legal. This was the opportunity Matt and the Medicann team were looking for. Their first customers consisted of hemp seed and oil products sold through pharmacies and supermarkets. Today, Matt and the team are crowdfunding on Birchall to keep up with demand. Problem 65% of deaths in Australia right now are from painkillers. Improving the quality of life for people in need. Medicann creates products with fewer side effects. One big piece of advice Stick with it. When you have the passion for what you are doing you will find a way. Bullets: (00:33) – Matt introduces himself (01:13) – The business Matt would start today (02:04) – How it all started for Matt (04:14)- We're still discovering the possibilities of cannabis (05:40) - The problem Medicann solves for patients (07:25) – How Medicann reached their first customers (08:25) - Matt's first seed capital consisted of $50 and a trip to the casino (10:39) - What it took for Matt to start a medical cannabis business (14:37)- How Medicann Clinics found their first patient (18:44) - How Birchal works to raise capital (20:06)- Matt's advice for crowdfunding (21:05) - Medicann's clinical trials in concussion (23:45)- Matt's one big piece of advice for founders (26:03) – Hemp Brothers products to get you through the day Show & tell: - Checkout Medicann's crowdfunding campaign - https://www.birchal.com/company/medicannhealth - Send Matt and email - Matt@medicannhealth.com.au - https://www.medicannhealth.com.au/?utm_source=weirdgrowth&utm_medium=referral
This week, on Tech Talk, we talk to Colin Shales from RNIB's Technology for Life Team. We hear about the new 'Sleep When I Sleep' App developed with audiobook readers in mind and Callum gets hands on with an Accessible Smart Meter. You can listen to the show live in the UK every Tuesday at 1pm on Freeview Channel 730, online at www.rnibconnectradio.org.uk , or on your smart speaker. You'll hear new episodes of the Tech Talk Podcast every Friday so make sure you're subscribed to never miss an episode We'd love to hear your thoughts on accessible technology, drop us an email at techtalk@rnib.org.uk or tweet us @RNIBRadio with the hashtag #RNIBTechTalk
#PattiShalesLefkos #Memoirs #BooktubeAfter doing this interview, I am convinced Patti Shales Lefkos might be the toughest woman I know. We talk about her memoir Grounded by Granite It's a fascinating look into Patti's life, and we talk about the lessons learned, and perhaps neatest of all, the perspective of this book, honoring what Patti felt at the time and comparing it to now. I really dig it when Patti shows up on the podcast. This conversation was awesome. Patti Shales LefkosWebsiteFacebookSponsorsJE TaylorCome alive and head into the worlds and wonders of author JE Taylor. JE's books and stories will whisk you away to other worlds filled with magic, fantasy and romance. In the darkest corridors and nightmares where dragons, vampires or witches roam, you will discover those wonders and more. JE Taylor – Face your nightmares and find your freedom. Part Time Comixs Kickstarter - Featuring two anthologies with stories from the town of springfield, and stories inspired by Magic the Gathering, including a short story and an illustration by yours truly. Check it out. ServicesAdvertising Services - Let me create your advertising for your next book or campaign. If you're a creative wondering how to create your advertising for your next project, I can create video, audio, written and graphics. Let me help you get your story, and your best story, out there.Available Now:Alice Won? - Available now. Alice escaped the asylum and pursues the Queen of Hearts to the Greek Labyrinth in the underworld, there she must engage in a game of croquet unlike any other, against Jason of the Argonauts. Illustrated by Kenzie Carr, written by yours truly, come to wonderland Dec. 1st, where the real games begin.Support And Subscribe:Buy my MerchBuy Me A CoffeeNewsletterPatreonTwitchYoutube
Now in their third year of commercial production, the Cosmic Crisp is now in grocery stores everywhere!
Now in their third year of commercial production, the Cosmic Crisp is now in grocery stores everywhere!
Patti Shales Lefkos is a Canadian writer and journalist. Her Himalayan adventure travel memoir Nepal One Day at a Time celebrates her creative non-fiction debut. Nepal One Day at a Time is the story of her first trekking trip on her own. Born and raised in Toronto, she has also lived in Neuchatel, Switzerland and Vancouver. Following a rewarding career as a teacher, educational consultant, administrator and advocate for inner city children, Patti studied journalism at Langara University. She is a graduate of the University of Toronto, Toronto Teachers' College, Simon Fraser University and the Wilderness Leadership Program at Capilano College. In 2006 she set out to pursue international adventure travel. Whether canoeing the Yukon River, backcountry skiing in BC's Monashee Mountains, hiking in Scotland's Outer Hebrides or trekking in Tibet and Nepal, she embraces the culture and environment of wilderness areas. When not travelling, she skis downhill, nordic and backcountry from her home base at SilverStar Mountain Resort in BC's Okanagan Valley. In summer she paddles canoe, kayak and stand up paddle board at her Ontario island cottage. Listen to Patti on the Tough Girl Podcast. New episodes go live every Tuesday and Thursday at 7am UK time. Make sure you hit the subscribe button so you don't miss out. The Tough Girl Podcast is sponsorship and ad free thanks to the monthly financial support of patrons. To find out more about supporting your favourite podcast and becoming a patron please check out www.patreon.com/toughgirlpodcast. Show notes Good Morning! Who is Patti and what she does Where her love and passion for the outdoors came from Buying her first typewriter and wanting to be a writer Lost Horizon by James Hilton Becoming an outdoor girl Doing all the expected things and becoming a teacher Moving west to Vancouver Working in inner city schools Riding her bike to school and doing her first marathon Moving from marathon to triathlon Meeting her husband Barry Not travelling until they retired in their 60s Heading to England in 2007 and walking the coast to coast Taking on bigger adventures and going to higher and higher levels of altitude Spending time in Nepal Wanting to volunteer in Nepal in 2014 Having to go solo at 67 Facing her fears to go by herself Making the transition from working full time to being retired Writing the articles she wants to write about adventure travel Choosing her work Her first experience of travelling and trekking to altitude Making a list of her fears Her plans for Nepal The biggest challenge while out trekking Writing her first book Supporting the village affected by the earthquake in 2015 The realities of starting a non profit Figuring out what is good help to provide Why 97% of the money goes to Nepal The realties of trekking at altitude in your late 60s Bucket list destinations Final words of advice The power of spending time with young people and being of service Social Media Website : pattishaleslefkos.com Facebook: @plefkos Facebook Non-profit Nepal One Day at a Time Society on Facebook Buy Patti's book NEPAL ONE DAY AT A TIME on Amazon Partner NGO in Kathmandu, Nepal. Sambhav Nepal Recommended Trekking Company in Kathmandu, Nepal. Ace the Himalaya IN CANADA: How to buy NEPAL ONE DAY AT A TIME book directly from Patti COST: $32 ($25 for the book, $7 for postage) All profits go to education in Ratmate and Aprik Villages, Gorkha, Nepal. BY CHEQUE: Mail cheque for $32 to Patti Lefkos Box 3093Vernon, BC. V1B3M1 *** REMEMBER TO INCLUDE YOUR MAILING ADDRESS*** BY eTRANSFER: $32 to pattilefkos@shaw.ca ***REMEMBER TO INCLUDE YOUR MAILING ADDRESS***
The 2021 season of Cosmic Crisp apples began shipping last week and should be on store shelves very soon, if no already in their third commercially available year.
The 2021 season of Cosmic Crisp apples began shipping last week and should be on store shelves very soon, if no already in their third commercially available year.
The Dominican Republic is working to contain the outbreak of African Swine Fever, and EPA decides weed killer Paraquat okay for another 15 years.
In this episode, Seth and Cal got the opportunity to sit down and talk to Amity Shales, who written a biography called Coolidge to talk about his Fourth of July Speech. Enjoy!
Patti Shales Lefkos and I met in the Self Publishing School and I'm so thrilled to talk to her in this episode. Hearing Patti talk about her life, the travels that she has done – starting at the age of 65! - and the difference she was able to make and still makes to this day for schools, villages and people in remote areas of Nepal is so inspiring and truly heartwarming. It's difficult to do this conversation justice in the shownotes and I highly recommend listening to the episode to hear Patti tell you about all the experiences through her own words. There is so much joy in Patti's talking. → Get the show notes, quotes & links here: https://www.joyismycompass.com/blog/55-patti-shales –––––––––– Connect with me here: instagram | https://www.instagram.com/joyismycompass facebook | https://www.facebook.com/ronjasakata.joyismycompass pinterest | https://www.pinterest.ch/joyismycompass/ website | https://www.joyismycompass.com Connect with Patti here: website | https://pattishaleslefkos.com/ –––––––––– If you want to support my podcast and be inspired by more awesome people, please subscribe and leave a review! : ) –––––––––– About me My name is Ronja Sakata, I want to make this world more joyful, playful & colorful! My goal is to inspire you to take note of the little tiny things like a friendly sunray on your face. I want to rise your and my awareness, how precious this life is. Every moment it could be over, so let's enjoy every day to the fullest! Let's use joy as our compass! This podcast was born out of the idea to talk to different people about how they bring joy into their everyday life. The results are exciting and extremely enriching conversations. We are all experts of our everyday life and it is incredibly inspiring to experience the different opinions, approaches, rituals and much more. With my podcast I would like to show you how many possibilities there are to create joy in your life, no matter where, with whom and how you are in life right now.
Travel memoir advice from journalism| Interview with Pattie Shales Lefkos
California cherry crop prospects look good for 2021, and Farmers are buying and selling more land in first six months of fiscal year.
### PattiShalesLefkos #NepalOneDayATime #MakingaDifference #Interviews #Booktube I must apologize for the first ten minutes or so of this interview. Technical difficulties marred those first ten minutes. However, once we move past that, this was truly something special. This is the story of how one person's first actions truly can make a difference and inspire others. Patti talks about her travelling, and how she decided to make a difference in Nepal (with the help of many others). This was truly something special to witness. I've never done an interview quite like this. I was fortunate to do it. Patti Shales Lefkos: [https://https://pattishaleslefkos.com/](https://https://pattishaleslefkos.com/) Nepal One Day At A Time Society: [https://pattishaleslefkos.com/index.php/nepal-one-day-at-a-time-society/](https://pattishaleslefkos.com/index.php/nepal-one-day-at-a-time-society/) -- Watch live at https://www.twitch.tv/justjoshingpodcast
There are times in all of our lives where we may feel a particular calling laid upon our hearts. Maybe it’s to go back to school, challenge yourself to grow in your athletic ability, go on a grand adventure, and immerse yourself in a new culture. Just the thought of pursuing the calling sets your heart on fire! My guest this week, Patti Shales Lefkos, actually wanted to achieve all three of the goals I mentioned above, And even more impressive, she successfully completed all of them – at age 68! Patti decided she wanted to be a freelance travel writer and went to journalism school in her 60’s. She then set off on a 3 month-long solo volunteering and trekking trip to Nepal and has since written a book about her experiences. You may feel that your goal is too out of reach or difficult to accomplish, but when you are truly called to do something, your soul will not let you ignore it. Patti’s story reminds me that we can always continue growing and pushing ourselves more than we ever thought was possible for our lives. I’d love for you to hear about Patti’s adventures and experiences on this week’s podcast and feel inspired to pursue whatever ignites your spark – at any age! Click here to listen! Rating, Review & Subscribe on Apple Podcasts "Heike's insights are so helpful in creating a well-rounded, healthy lifestyle. I love all the Pursue Your Spark episodes."
Following a rewarding career as a teacher, consultant, and administrator in Vancouver, Patti studied journalism at Langara University then set out to pursue adventure travel and freelance writing. Whether canoeing the Yukon River, backcountry skiing in BC's Monashee Mountains, hiking in Scotland's Outer Hebrides, or trekking in Tibet and Nepal, nothing stops Patti. NEPAL ONE DAY AT A TIME, her Himalayan adventure travel memoir with a humanitarian twist was published after she trekked at the age of 67. 00:27 Who is Patti? 02:30 Why travel to Nepal alone at the age of 67? 04:45 How does one prepare for a trek? 06:30 Volunteering in the village of Rapante in a local school 09:14 Visiting other schools in the area to bring supplies. Can you help us build a school? 10:40 Trekking for a month in Upper Mustang 12:00 The beginning of the non-profit Nepal One Day at a Time 13:30 A partnership with Rotary, Nepal One Day at a Time and NGO Sambhav Nepal, based in Kathmandu. A school is built! 16:20 Armchair travelers and the Buddhist culture 19:00 Fundraising to support ongoing school needs 20:00 Planning another trek at the age of 76 22:50 An Adventure Travel Writer 25:00 Another book on the horizon, "Grounded by Granite" 27:15 All profits from the book go directly to support education in Nepal. You can purchase directly from Patti from her website or through Amazon. 28:30 So much to learn. Take an escape in "Nepal One Day at a Time". 29:00 Join us in the celebration of our one-year anniversary of Taking the Helm in February! www.pattishaleslefkos.com https://www.amazon.ca/Nepal-One-Day-Time-Himalaya/dp/1999229800/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=nepal+one+day+at+a+time&qid=1610821432&sr=8-1 --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/taking-the-helm/support
Patti and I have a great chat about passion, getting out of comfort zone, what university I should attend, her travels, her books, the chances she took in her life, Christopher Lee, and much, much more. Patti Shales Lefkos: https://pattishaleslefkos.com/ Audiobook Services: https://jpantalleresco.wordpress.com/audiobookservices/ Alice Zero: https://www.amazon.ca/Alice-Zero-Pandemic-Book-ebook/dp/B08GM4Y8DD/ The Cloud Diver: https://www.amazon.ca/Cloud-Diver-Level-1-ebook/dp/B0881HR54T/ Merchandise: https://jpantalleresco.redbubble.com Newsletter: https://mailchi.mp/ea0a0d561d56/lets-get-dangerous Patreon: https://patreon.com/justjoshingpodcast
Join us as we chat with Matt Shales. Matt is the founder of Hemp brothers, a licensed hemp farmer and medical cannabis consultant. Together we discuss hemp based pet care products, hemp farming and the current situation in Australia.
This month we celebrate 40 years of women in Surf Life Saving with the all-women's March Past at the NSW State Championships, we talk to new SLSA Life Member Jenny Kenny and SLSNSW President George Shales about the early end of the patrol season due to Coronavirus and what's ahead for next season.
We return to the Sea Ghost to find out how this battle against the smugglers plays out! A damp hat is the last of Shales, Nikas' and Strand's problems... See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
Our landmark 20th episode! In this Christmas special, TheMidniteKid & Wezza are joined by classic PES superfan Shales for his second appearance of the year. Topics include the lads ranking PES 2020 in the series history, favourite Christmas gaming memories and should a transfer market be brought to PES 2021..
TheMidniteKid is back in the studio after playing the game at the Manchester Event and he's joined by Shales who has also played the game at a special event in Windsor!
In Episode 6, Wezza returns to co-hosting duties with TheMidniteKid to discuss some retro PES & classic PES memories with special guest Shales in this #MasterLeague & #PES2020 special!
MLT takes on MFL! We use the lack of ceremony for ‘57 as an excuse to go deep on My Fair Lady, with a healthy sprinkling of Candide and Long Day’s Journey Into Night. We get X-rated while discussing the S&M subtext of Henry and Eliza’s relationship (plus drop the c-bomb while quoting Rex Harrison), get to the bottom of Candide’s dozens of credited lyricists, and put a request out into the universe for a Fosse/Verdon for the Golden Age. Follow us on Twitter and Instagram (@mylittletonys) for additional content about this season’s shows! Works referenced/cited: Hischak, Thomas S. The Oxford Companion to the American Musical: Theatre, Film, and Television. Oxford University Press, 2008. Patinkin, Sheldon. "No Legs, No Jokes, No Chance": a History of the American Musical Theater. Northwestern University Press, 2008. Bloom, Ken, and Frank Vlastnik. Broadway Musicals: the 101 Greatest Shows of All Time. Black Dog & Leventhal Pubs., 2010. Mordden, Ethan. Coming up Roses: the Broadway Musical in the 1950s. Oxford Univ. Press, 2000. Mandelbaum, Ken. Not since Carrie: Forty Years of Broadway Musical Flops. St. Martin's Press, 1992. Viertel, Jack. Secret Life of the American Musical: How Broadway Shows Are Built. Sarah Crichton Books,Farrar, Straus and Grioux, 2017. Andrews, Julie. Home: a Memoir of My Early Years. Hyperion, 2009. Burton, Humphrey. Leonard Bernstein. Doubleday, 1994. Lerner, Alan Jay. The Street Where I Live: the Story of My Fair Lady, Gigi, and Camelot. Hodder and Stoughton, 1978. #100: Leonard Bernstein at 100 from The IVY Podcast. Atkinson, Brooks. “Musical 'Candide'.” The New York Times, 9 Dec. 1956. Atkinson, Brooks. “The Theatre: 'Candide'.” The New York Times, 3 Dec. 1956. Atkinson, Brooks. “Theatre: 'My Fair Lady'.” The New York Times, 16 Mar. 1956. Atkinson, Brooks. “Theatre: Tragic Journey.” The New York Times, 8 Nov. 1956. Bach, Steven. Dazzler: the Life and Times of Moss Hart. Da Capo, 2002. Barone, Joshua. “Capturing the Short, Glamorous Life of a Forgotten Broadway Lyricist.” The New York Times, 20 Dec. 2017. Bernstein, Burton, and Barbara B. Haws. Leonard Bernstein: American Original: How a Modern Renaissance Man Transformed Music and the World during His New York Philharmonic Years, 1943-1976. Collins, 2008. “Boston Welcomes Last O'Neill Play.” The New York Times, 17 Oct. 1956. Buckley, Michael. “50 Years Ago on Broadway.” TheaterMania, 24 Sept. 2006. “Candide.” NPR. 14212 Bernstein - Candide Freedman, Samuel G. “ALAN JAY LERNER, THE LYRICIST AND PLAYWRIGHT, IS DEAD AT 67.” The New York Times, 15 June 1986. Funke, Lewis. “News and Gossip of the Rialto.” The New York Times, 1 July 1956. Garebian, Keith. The Making of My Fair Lady. ECW Press, 1993. Gelb, Arthur, and Barbara Gelb. O'Neill: Life With Monte Cristo. The New York Times. “Leonard Bernstein at 100.” Leonard Bernstein. Lunden, Jeff. “'My Fair Lady'.”NPR, 15 July 2000. “The Greatest Musical: I Can't Live With West Side Story' Not Being Among the Finalists.” NYMag. “Pygmalion.” Modernism Lab. Renner, Rebecca. “Digging in to the Queer Subtext of My Fair Lady.” Literary Hub, 8 Mar. 2019. Shales, Tom. “Master of the Musical.” The Washington Post, 16 June 1986. Taubman, Howard. “Broadway and TV.” The New York Times, 16 Dec. 1956. “Televising of Awards Ceremony Barred By Fight Between 2 Unions Over Lighting.” The New York Times, 22 Apr. 1957. “The Rise of Bernstein's 'Candide' | WNYC | New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News.” “Victorian and Edwardian. What's the Difference?” Zolotow, Sam. “DRAMA BY O'NEILL OPENING TONIGHT; 'Long Day's Journey Into Night,' Autobiographical Play, at the Helen Hayes.” The New York Times, 7 Nov. 1956. Zolotow, Sam. “'Fair Lady' Wins 6 'Tony' Awards.” The New York Times, 22 Apr. 1957.
Hanging marlin is one of the most controversial topics in the angling world. In this episode of Anchored I sit down with renowned marlin captain, Dean Butler, and Exmouth guide, Jono Shales, to hear their very different opinions on the matter
When Jono Shales decided to start life over again, he had no idea he would land in one of the world’s most impressive saltwater fisheries. In this episode of Anchored, Jono and I discuss Exmouth, permit, queenfish, milkfish, billfish and more.
Welcome to episode 57 of the Mountain Nature and Culture Podcast, I'm your host, Ward Cameron and I'm recording this on April 1, 2018. This week I look at three amazing fossils that are teaching palaeontologists about the evolution of some of the world's oldest creatures. I also look at the return of red fox to the Rocky Mountains. It's an action-packed episode so with that said, let's get to it. Some wisdom from John Muir I wanted to start today with a fabulous quote by John Muir. As a hiking guide and naturalist, I see too many people striding through the wilderness, eager to reach a destination, or bag a peak, yet they miss the beauty that's all around them. For me, the best way to enjoy nature is to simply bathe in it. Spend time in the wilderness and let the energy and the ambience wash over you. If you really want to experience the mountain west, then stop, sit down and listen. Wander slowly along trails while filling all of your senses with endless stimulation. Feel the bark of a tree; listen for the sounds that make up the unique chorus of each location; get down on your knees and look at the tiniest things you can find; and become a part of something far bigger than you. John Muir was one of the greatest naturalists, nature writers, and activists that the U.S. has ever produced, along with the likes of Edward Abbey, Rachel Carson, Ralph Waldo Emmerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Aldo Leopold. He explored the American west during the mid to latter parts of the 19th century and was instrumental in helping to protect landscapes like Yosemite, Sequoia National Park, and the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Muir first arrived in California in 1868 and soon after made a pilgrimage into the Yosemite Valley. Muir wrote that: "He was overwhelmed by the landscape, scrambling down steep cliff faces to get a closer look at the waterfalls, whooping and howling at the vistas, jumping tirelessly from flower to flower". He was one of the first people to recognize the action of glaciers on the landscape and helped debunk the existing beliefs that the vistas were the result of earthquakes as opposed to glaciers. Muir was instrumental in the creation of Yosemite National Park, first as a state park in 1890, and then as a national park in 1906. In 1892, he helped found the Sierra Club and served as its first president. By the time he died in 1914, he had published some 300 articles and 12 books. John Muir spent his entire life exploring, bathing in, documenting, and fighting to protect natural, intact ecosystems. The John Muir Trail is one of the U.S.'s most beloved trails, yet had you asked what he thought of hiking, this was his response: "I don't like either the word or the thing. People ought to saunter in the mountains - not hike! Do you know the origin of that word 'saunter?' It's a beautiful word. Away back in the Middle Ages people used to go on pilgrimages to the Holy Land, and when people in the villages through which they passed asked where they were going, they would reply, 'A la sainte terre,' 'To the Holy Land.' And so they became known as sainte-terre-ers or saunterers. Now these mountains are our Holy Land, and we ought to saunter through them reverently, not 'hike' through them." - John Muir I couldn't agree more. Next up more Burgess wonders New Burgess Shale Discoveries The various exposures of the Burgess Shales in Yoho and Kootenay National Parks continue to provide new and exciting discoveries. It seems that each year introduces us to species never before described, or spectacular new fossils of old friends that allow palaeontologists to reclassify them based on new evidence revealed. One such fossil is the newly described Habelia optata. This fossil is not new to palaeontology. In fact, Charles Walcott, the original discoverer of the Burgess Shales, described the first specimen in 1912, only three years after he first stumbled on this bonanza of ancient life. A recent study published in BMC Evolutionary Biology has shed some amazing new light on this unique creature according to lead scientist Cédric Aria. In a recent CBC article, he stated: "It's like a centipede or perhaps an insect that would have not one pair of mandibles, but five." One of the challenges with fossils of the Burgess Shales is that they are found between two layers of shale. This leaves a flattened, reflective film in the rock layers. Think of them as a two-dimensional black and white photograph of an ancient creature. This means that each fossil may represent an image of a different angle or aspect of the animal and thus reveal details not visible in earlier samples. It's this constant evolution of understanding that helps fossils to eventually be classified in a much more exacting way. At a minimum, palaeontologists need to see fossils samples that show the side, top, and front views in order to begin to get a better idea of the structure. As new fossils reveal new details, scientists get a deeper understanding of how the animal fits within classic scientific categories. Charles Walcott knew that Habelia was an arthropod, but he didn't have enough information to pin down where it fit within this huge group of animals. Arthropods are one of So, what would you be willing to endure to make it home for Christmas In these modern times? These days trips home usually involve expensive plane fares or long drives on winter roads made safer by winter tires, interior heaters, and modern clothing. What if you were faced with a 112 km snowshoe trek on an unbroken trail in a blizzard - you know, just like your parents told you what it was like to walk to school in the days of yore! Well, Tom Wilson was more than just a mountain man. He was the personal assistant of "Hells Bells Rogers" during his railroad surveys through the Rockies and later started the first guiding operation in the mountains. In December of 1904, Tom was determined to be home for Christmas dinner with his family. His route began at Kootenay Plains where he had his horse ranch. Today it's located along the David Thompson Highway east of the Saskatchewan River Crossing in Alberta. His route would have followed the Siffleur River Valley up and over Pipestone Pass. He then followed the Pipestone River towards its confluence with the Bow River, and then followed the Bow into Banff. He wasn't the first to follow that route. In August of 1859, James Hector of the Palliser Expedition had passed this way. He wrote in his journal: "After camping to the south of the pass, “…opposite to a waterfall which forms the source of Pipe Stone Creek, and where the stream leaps and rushes down a gutter-like channel, from a height of 450 feet,” they set out to, “ascend to the height of land by a steep rocky path that led at some places close by snow that was still lying from last winter. After five miles we got above the woods, and passed over a fine sloping prairie, with big bald mountains on either side. Plants with esculent roots were very abundant here, and many parts of the sward looked as if it had been ploughed, where the bears had been rooting them up like pigs….Two miles further we passed over a bleak bare “divide,” where there was no vegetation, and elevated about 2000 feet above last night’s encampment.” Others had also passed that way. They included Normal Collie, Hugh Stutfield, and Herman Wooley in 1898 as they headed north on an expedition that saw them discovering the Columbia Icefields. Just a few months after Hector had passed through, the Earl of Southesk, James Carnegie, also traversed the pass. These men were all seasoned travellers, but none of them attempted the route in winter. Tom, like all of his contemporaries, would have been kitted out in heavy woolen clothing with leather boots and snowshoes. Here is how Tom described his experience in a letter to pioneer surveyor and founder of the Alpine Club, A. O. Wheeler: "There is not much to tell of my trip over the Pipestone Pass. It was simply the case of a man starting on a seventy-mile snowshoe trip across the mountains to eat his Christmas dinner with his wife and family, and getting there and eating dinner, the pleasure being well worth the trip. I rode to within eight miles of the summit and started early the next morning on snowshoes to cross the pass (8,300 feet). It was snowing a little and very cold when I started and when I got opposite the Clearwater Gap, a blizzard came up. I could not see more than six or eight feet ahead in that grey snow light that makes everything look level. I was on the trail alongside a mountainside, and was afraid of falling down into one of those steep side collars (which you remember on that side), and of breaking my snowshoes, so I turned and went down the mountain to the creek bottom. The snow was seven or eight feet deep and I fell through a snow bridge, getting both feet wet. It was below zero and a long way up to timber whichever way I turned, but I'd never liked hitting the back trail. It was eight o'clock at night before I crossed the summit of the pass and reached the first timber. I got a fire started, but it was drifting and snowing so hard that the snow covered my socks and moccasins as fast as I could wring (sic) them dry, and, owing to the fierce wind, the flames leap in every direction , making it impossible to get near the fire, so at half past nine I gave it up, put on my wet foot gear and snowshoes and started down the valley. I could not see and felt my way with a stick. By daylight I had made three and a half miles; not much, but it kept the circulation going. In the heavy timber I made a fire and dried out. My feet were beginning to pain as they had been thawed out twice already. I made three miles more that day and finished the last of my grub. The big snowshoes sank fifteen inches in the soft new snow and were a big drag on my frozen toes. I saw it meant three or four more days tramping without grub to make Laggan. I made it in three, but the last day I could only make about fifty yards without resting, and my tracks did not leave a very straight line. The chief trouble I had was to keep from going to sleep; it would have been so much easier to quit than to go on. " Wheeler tried to bring some clarity to Tom's adventure. He wrote: "Think for a moment what it really meant; that every time he put on his snowshoes, his toes got frozen owing to the tight shoe straps; that every time he took them off, his feet had to be thawed out; that every step had to raise a load of ten to fifteen pound of soft snow; that wood had to be collected and cut to keep alive during the night; that the fierce pain would drive away sleep; that he had no food, and always before him those interminable, slow, dragging miles of snowy wilderness. It must have required iron determination to make it to the end of the never-ending track, to eat his Christmas dinner with his wife and family. " Like any winter backcountry traveller that has suffered from frostbite, Tom made his way to see Dr. Brett, Banff's resident physician. He is rumoured to have stated: "I hope I won't have to loose (sic) them Doc. I've hade (sic) 'em a long time and I'm sort of used to 'em." Tom was very lucky. He did lose several toes on each foot but he liked to joke that since the doc had removed the same number on each foot, he was still well balanced. I want to thank Roger Patillo for sharing this story in his book The Canadian Rockies Pioneers, Legends and True Tales. Click the title of the book if you'd like to purchase a copy. Tom was one of many early and modern mountain wanderers to lose toes to frostbite. Even today, it is a real danger for people out on snowshoes, as well as backcountry and cross-country skis. Always plan for changes in weather and remember, unlike Tom, you can always turn back if conditions change for the worse. Are wolves returning to the Bow Valley? The Bow River valley has not been a good home for wolves. Over the years, pack after pack has become established only to gradually get whittled away by vehicle and train impacts, and more recently, human food conditioning. The summer of 2016 was particularly bad for the Bow Valley wolf pack. The summer began on a very high note its 5 adults being joined by 6 new pups making for a total of 11 wolves in the pack. Unfortunately, this situation changed for the worse with four of the pups killed in two separate incidents with trains. The alpha female and another young female were both shot by Park Wardens after becoming accustomed to handouts from campers in the Two Jack Lake Campground. By the end of the season, none of the pups had survived. In a separate incident, one of the remaining wolves was shot by a hunter in B.C. By 2017, there were only two wolves remaining and they dispersed. As of Sept 2017, the alpha male had joined a pack in the southern part of Banff known as the Spray Pack. The surviving female had joined another male and possibly moved out of the area. Paul Paquette is a well-respected biologist who headed the largest wolf study ever undertaken in the Bow Valley. In recent years he was quoted as stating the following about the challenges for wolves in the Bow River valley: “It’s a wildlife ghetto. People need to understand, the Bow Valley has two townsites that are growing, two highways, a corridor for high transmission power lines, dams, golf courses, ski hills … They’ve got all that in the valley, so you can imagine the responses for the wolves and wildlife – it’s a ghetto for them and they’re trying to survive in there.” We are in a constant battle with developers and the town to try to make sure that we can keep wildlife like wolves and grizzly bears on the landscape. Recently, there seems to be a reason for cautious optimism. The Bow Valley is great habitat for wolves when you consider the high numbers of potential prey animals available to them. In a recent interview on CBC, Jesse Whittington, a wildlife ecologist with Parks Canada stated: "We're curious about what's going to happen," said Whittington. "Either the old male and the pack from the Spray could move back into the Bow Valley, or one of the neighbouring packs might slide in." In October of 2017, three wolves were spotted west of Banff near Castle Mountain. These were previously unknown wolves that may be looking for a new place to call home. As Jesse Whittington stated in an interview with the Rocky Mountain Outlook: "If you have a male and female who hook-up and have pups, all of a sudden you could have a pack of seven wolves, and if those pups survive and have pups again, you get a pretty large pack" The Bow Valley has not been kind to its wolves, but we still need them. They play a key role in keeping elk and deer populations in check. It's too easy to look at Banff today and point out the world-class wildlife crossings along the highway and assume that wolves will have an easy time coexisting with people. This couldn't be further from the truth. The section of highway that is fenced is primarily through Banff and a little to the east and west. Wolves cover vast ranges and the crossing structures only protect them in a small part of their range. The train tracks and Bow Valley Parkway also remain unfenced. Just this past November, two wolves were killed on the Trans-Canada Highway east of Canmore. It was trains that killed 4 of the pack's cubs in 2016. Parks Canada and Canadian Pacific Railway have been conducting ongoing research around the idea of fencing and other wildlife warning systems in areas of highest danger. We also have rampant development in areas like Canmore which can hamper movement through the valley to the east and south into Kananaskis and beyond. And finally, we have the challenge of people on the landscape. More than 90% of the use of our designated wildlife corridors in and around Canmore was by people. If the corridors are viewed as just another recreational trail, then eventually, the wildlife will simply avoid the corridor altogether. In the past, we've been lucky enough to have several wolf packs adjacent to the Bow Valley, for instance in the Cascade and Spray Valleys, but the Bow Valley Pack has come and gone repeatedly due to the many hazards that face them when they arrive in the valley. Let's keep our fingers crossed that these wolves do stick around. We need to do our part to make sure they have the best possible opportunity to survive and thrive. Here are a few things that we can do to help keep our wolves safe: Slow down on highways like the Trans-Canada, Bow Valley Parkway, Highway 40, and Spray Lakes Road Never ever feed wildlife or stand idly by while other people offer food. Keep your distance. Moving ever closer for that selfie puts your life, and the life of the animal, at risk. Obey trail closures. They are there for a reason. If we all make a point of doing what we can to keep wildlife safe and help to educate visitors who may not be aware of the consequences of their actions, then we may be able to help keep wolves on the landscape. Next up 10 New Years Resolutions for the Mountain Parks New Years Resolutions for the Mountain Parks The mountains are more than just a place to hike, bike and explore. They are home to 53 species of mammals, 260 species of birds, 996 species of vascular plants, 407 lichens, 243 mosses, and 53 liverworts (source: http://canadianparks.com/alberta/banffnp/page3.html). There are also almost 90 species of fungi in the mountain parks (source: http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/pubwarehouse/pdfs/11896.pdf). Everything we do in the mountains has an impact and here are some resolutions that will help you to better appreciate this beautiful place. Explore less busy sites. More than 95% of visitation to the mountain parks visits the same 2 or 3% of the park, essentially the paved corridors. Many of the attractions along these roads are in serious need of upgrades to help prevent the masses of tourists from creating permanent damage. Quiet Times are the Best Times. If you really want to get the experience that you saw on the brochure, get an alarm clock. The sun comes up early in the mountains during the summer months. If you're on the shores of Lake Louise or Moraine Lake at 6 am, you'll likely have the view all to yourself…and don't tell anybody, but those two sites are best when the sun first hits the mountains. Don't forget the evening though as well. Once the hordes head back to their hotels, the landscape quiets down again and you can have that great experience. Keep track of your sightings. If you see something exciting like a grizzly bear, wolf, cougar, or wolverine - report it. Park managers are always looking to keep tabs on wildlife and sightings helps to add another data point to their wildlife research. Support organizations like the Friends of Kananaskis and Friends of Jasper. These not for profit groups do an amazing job in helping to raise awareness of park issues, run educational programs, offer volunteer opportunities to make a difference on the ground and even operate gift shops and other facilities designed to raise money for their ongoing operation. Read a good book. Our connection to our sense of place always improves with knowledge and understanding. What once was an unknown wilderness suddenly becomes a community of plants, animals, birds, and other living beings - each with an important role to play in the maintenance of the community. Every book that helps you to understand the place you call home can only enhance your ability to feel an even stronger connection to that place. Meet your neighbours. The next time you walk one of the local trails, take the time to learn the story of one new plant, animal, bird, or other residents of the mountain landscape. I say "learn the story", because each one is much more than just their name. Why are they there? What role do they play? What's the coolest thing about them? As you repeat this process, the mountain landscape becomes much more familiar and ever more welcoming as you look forward to the acquaintances you've made and begin to mark the seasons by the comings and goings of old friends. Start up a neighbourhood watch. By this I mean keep an eye on your mountain community and look for changes. Are there new plants on the landscape that weren't there in the past? New birds? Changes in the community often reflect changes in the environment. Every resident of a particular community is there because that habitat offers all the essential requirements they need to survive. Plants need the right amount of moisture, sunlight, soil, nitrogen, and perhaps even a particular neighbour with whom they have a dependent relationship. Every plant will have a different list of needs, as will every bird and animal. A small change to the ecology will be reflected in changes to the individual plants and animals in that community. Simply sit down. We hike, mountain bike, cross-country ski, and snowshoe along the mountain trails season after season and year after year. Sometimes, the best experience can be had by simply sitting quietly and absorbing everything that's around you. Take off your shoes and socks (in the summer of course), and feel connected to the landscape. Listen to the sounds. Can you recognize all the birds around you? Watch the fish rising in the water to eat insects hatching on the surface. Smell the air. Are their particular smells that spark a memory? Smell is the sense most tied to memory and often a strong smell will instantly transport you to a particular place or time in your personal history. For me, the pungent sweet smell of wolf willow represents the smell of home. Talk to a senior. Our sense of place is more than just learning the natural history. To understand the natural history, we also have to understand the ways that people have interacted with it in the past. Somebody that's been on the land for 50 years can share insights that only come with the passing of the years and the experiences that those years brought. The elders are the keepers of the stories. They are a wealth of knowledge and wisdom and time spent talking with elders about their lifetime of adventures and understanding will always help guide you to a new appreciation of the world around you. Be a tourist now and then. Take a tour. Visit a museum or attraction. Fly in a helicopter. Often, we learn more about places we visit then we do about our own backyard. Make a point of seeing the mountains like visitors see them. Spending time with people that are seeing the Rockies for the first time is one of the things that I love the most about being a guide. Every tourist sees something different. They bring a new perspective born of a lifetime of experiences in their past. I'm constantly guided towards new perspectives simply because they are looking at a scene with fresh eyes. Why not make 2018 a year where we commit to understanding and connecting to the mountain landscape around us? If at the end of the year, you've learned a few new plants, or birds, or animals, and how they both benefit and are benefitting other members of the community, then you will have started on an exciting role that will deepen your personal sense of place. I hope to see you out there. Next up, what determines success when bears are relocated outside of their home range? Success of Relocating Grizzly Bears This past summer, people were stunned when Bear 148 was moved far from her home range. Unfortunately, she subsequently wandered across the British Columbia border and was legally shot by a hunter. The media covered this story extensively and in many cases used the wrong terminology. When wildlife managers move a bear to an area within its current home range, we call it relocating the bear. This term refers to moving a bear simply to another area that is still within its territory and within which it can comfortably survive. In cases, such as with 148, where the bear is moved far from its home range, the preferred term is translocated. This means that the bear is moved to completely unfamiliar territory where it doesn't know the seasonal food patterns or their locations. It doesn't know the landscape and it doesn't know the other resident bears into whose territory it has just been placed. As you can imagine, this puts the bear in a very high-risk situation, but just how high risk? What are its chances of surviving so far from its home range? This is one area of study that has been largely neglected until recently. There really had not been any peer-reviewed analyses of the factors that affected survival when a bear was translocated. An article published in the January 2018 issue of the Journal of Wildlife Management evaluated 110 different grizzly translocations within the Alberta Rockies and looked to determine what factors impacted successful movements and looked for ways to increase the success of future translocations. Biologist Sarah Milligan and her fellow researchers defined a successful translocation as one that required no additional management intervention and showed the bear surviving one entire year without returning to its home range. It's well known that the odds are not in favour of the non-resident bear when it is moved to unfamiliar territory. Of the 110 translocations examined, a full 70% were failures. A 30% success rate is still much higher than generally reported in the media. Translocations are never popular, but unfortunately, with some bears, the only other alternative is to shoot it. Conservation officers never make the decision to move a bear lightly. They know the dangers that it will face in its new home but their first priority is the safety of the community. While Bear 148 never injured anyone, it got to the point where conservation officers simply had to make the difficult decision to move her. In order to determine the success of bears in new habitats, biologists needed to better understand how bears currently living in the area use the landscape. Researchers tagged resident bears to learn how they used the landscape, feeding habits, and denning areas. Alberta also has a long history of monitoring bear movement with satellite and radio collars and this historical data is also helpful in studies like this one. One of the biggest challenges with translocating bears is their homing instinct. Many bears will simply abandon their new homes and travel back towards their home range. It is for this reason that Bear 148 was moved north of Jasper National Park. The further the movement, the lower the likelihood that the bear will return home. The quality of the habitat into which a bear is released can also have a strong bearing on reducing the homing instinct. Ideally, the release location should match, as much as possible, the home range in terms of available foods, movement corridors, and denning sites. The study found that the success rate was highest if bears were moved as early as possible in the season. Unfortunately, in many cases, the highest potential for human-grizzly conflicts occurs during buffaloberry season between mid-July and mid-September. Translocated bears also tended to have ranges some 3.25 times larger than resident bears. This shows they needed to cover more territory in order to find sufficient forage to survive. This is likely connected to their being unfamiliar with the landscape. While their home ranges did decrease over time, they continued to be larger than resident bears. Of the translocations that were considered failures, the primary causes were homing, new incidents of conflict, and mortality. Of the 77 failed translocations, 28 bears were killed because of management actions, and 30 failed due to homing. Bears translocated more than 200 km reduced the odds of homing by 95%. When it comes to the timing of winter denning, the study showed no significant difference between resident and translocated bears. The study concluded: "Repeated conflict and mortality were the greatest causes of translocation failure. Our results suggest that the most important factors for translocation success are the level of human-caused mortality risk at the release site and the time of year when the translocation occurred. Specifically, we found that the odds of translocation success decreased with increasing levels of mortality risk surrounding the release site. This result is likely related to the large post-release movements that are typical of many wide-ranging species, which can bring individuals near areas of conflict or mortality risk." Translocation remains an important management tool. Studies like this one help wildlife officers to make the best decisions to increase the opportunities for a successful movement. It's never an easy decision to move an animal away from its home range but the more we understand ways to increase their chances of success, the more the pendulum can move towards reduced mortality. In the central Rockies, people are the biggest problem. We need to work harder to coexist with bears and to respect closures. When people violate closures, it's always the bears that pay the price. And with that, it's time to wrap this episode up. Remember that Ward Cameron Enterprises is your source for snowshoe, nature, hiking, and photography guides across the mountain west. We've been sharing the stories behind the scenery for more than 30 years. Don't forget to check out the show notes at www.mountainnaturepodcast.com/ep054 for links to additional information. You can also comment on the stories and subscribe so that you don't miss a single episode. If you'd like to reach out personally, you can hit me up on Twitter @wardcameron and with that said, the sun's out and it's time to go snowshoeing. I'll talk to you next week.
Can Killing Moose help Caribou? A recent study conducted by researchers in British Columbia's Columbia Mountain range is raising eyebrows for its novel approach to trying to help struggling caribou populations in several endangered herds throughout several areas. Over the past few years, programs focused on killing wolves in many areas concentrated on reducing predation of already declining herds of caribou in Alberta and British Columbia. These herds have been in decline for a long time. Much of that decline has been the result of previous interventions that created the current situation. Caribou are animals of deep snowpacks and dense old-growth forests. Their traditional ranges were not an area where heavy wolf predation took place. The deep snows were a disadvantage to the wolves who rarely trekked into the caribou's home range. Unfortunately for the Caribou, decades of extensive logging of old-growth forests, along with the roads that come with them, followed by snowmobile and atv adoption of these same roads, provided easy access into their home ranges. At the same time, moose thrive on clearcuts where the new growth is just what they need to survive. Moose moved into the area in ever increasing numbers. The moose were aided in their population boom by the simple fact that wolves had bounties on their heads from 1906-1962 throughout British Columbia. Without a strong predator presence, the moose population exploded to many times their historic levels. With tonnes of moose, and an end to predator control, the wolf population moved in and began to prey heavily on moose. All of these developments created a situation where logging opened an area to moose, followed by wolves being attracted by those moose, and in turn giving the wolves access to another tasty prey; caribou. This is a story that is repeated in almost every caribou herd in the mountain west. As a result, almost every caribou herd in the mountain regions of Alberta and British Columbia is in serious decline with some on the verge of disappearing. When a classic predator prey interaction, like moose and wolves, ensnares a third party, we refer to that as incidental competition. Essentially, if the moose weren't there, the caribou would not likely be bothered by the wolves simply because they don't occur in dense enough populations to support wolf packs. They also live in areas that are difficult for the wolves to access. Wolf culls are a controversial practice, but are being used in Alberta and British Columbia to try to help struggling caribou herds. The mantra has been kill the wolves and the caribou can survive. This mantra has been repeated over and over by politicians convinced that it is the only way to keep caribou herds in the wild. We have to remember, that without the developments that provided access for wolves to get to the caribou, the problem may not have occurred in the first place. Alberta in particular, is still allowing more oil and gas exploration in critical caribou habitat, putting in more roads to allow wolves into caribou territory. Any plan that focuses only on killing predators but doesn't prioritize habitat protection and restoration is not likely to succeed. In this particular study, scientists wanted to take a different approach to caribou conservation. Step one is to either reduce or halt logging in caribou home ranges to reduce the opportunities for white-tail deer and moose to move in and drag their canine predators with them. Caribou do not benefit from logging. They rely on the hanging, stringy lichens that dangle from the foliage of old growth trees and these are not found in clearcuts. At this point, just stopping logging will not help the caribou on the short-term. It will take decades for today's clearcuts to regrow into dense forests more amenable to caribou instead of moose and deer. Biologists decided to try something else. Since moose were not traditionally present in their currently dense populations in the study areas in B.C.'s Columbia Mountains, it was proposed that increasing the availability of moose hunting licenses might be a better approach to reducing wolf populations. Because moose are the wolves primary prey, a significant reduction in their food supply would also stimulate a drop in wolf population as a natural response. Predator-prey relationships are always interdependent. If the prey is plentiful, the wolves will produce more young and fewer wolves will disperse to new territories. One fear was that by reducing elk, the wolves may be forced to hunt more heavily on caribou as moose became less available. In order to test this, they designated two study areas in the Columbia and Caribou Mountains. One area of 6,500 km2 was designated as the treatment zone, where moose hunting permits would be increased 10-fold. The second area, covering 11,500 km2 did not have any increase in moose quotas during the hunting season. The goal was to compare moose, wolf and caribou populations in the two areas to see if reducing the numbers of moose would indeed have a positive impact on caribou populations by reducing the number of wolves in the area. The two areas were separated by the Monashee Mountains which helped to provide a geographic boundary between the two study areas. There were three caribou populations in the treatment area, the Columbia North, Columbia South and Frisby-Queest. Only the Columbia North population exceeded 50 animals with a population around 150. With the increase in hunting pressure, the moose population in the treatment area was reduced by 71% or a drop from approximately 1,650 moose down to 466. Wolf populations soon began to reflect the reduction in prey. Of 34 wolves in the treatment area, 8 wolves, or 23.5% of the population dispersed out of the study area, and 12 wolves died of a variety of causes. Four wolves were found to have starved and an additional one was killed by other wolves. So how did the caribou fare during all of this? Well, it's a bit of a good-news bad news story. The two smaller populations continued to decline during the study, however the larger Caribou North herd showed a slight increase in population. There may be other reasons that the smaller populations did not benefit from the reduction in wolf numbers. It may take longer for the reduction in wolf populations to have an impact on the caribou numbers. Moose were reduced substantially, but even 466 moose is still higher than the historic abundance of around 300 moose prior to logging and predator control. In fact, prior to the 1940s, moose may not have been present at all in much of central and southern B.C. The wolf population in the winter dropped to 13 wolves/1,000 km2 which is still higher than the desired density of just 6.5 wolves in the same area. So where do researchers go from here? One option would be to do some limited wolf control, in addition to the increased moose harvest each year during the hunting season. Any wolf cull would not need to be nearly as extensive as the unpopular one in Alberta and would not likely need to be continuous. In the long-term, caribou habitats need to be restored if they have any hope of surviving in a landscape of high intensity logging and outdoor recreation. Restoration and protection of old growth forests will eventually limit the habitat for moose and deer and their numbers will naturally diminish - with the wolf populations following suit. There are no winners in this research. Humans have changed the habitat so that it now favours animals other than the native caribou. For them to survive, the first priority must be habitat based. Returning the landscape to one that favours the caribou and not the invasive moose and white-tail deer. Without these food species, the wolf population will also diminish naturally over time. Any program of culling, must be seen as a temporary program to stem the population decline while other efforts at habitat restoration can take root. No amount of culling with replace the need for a good landscape to call home. We can just look at Alberta's abject failures to protect their native caribou herds to see what happens when you simply slaughter animals but do nothing towards habitat restoration. Let's hope that B.C. will continue to focus on prioritizing habitat while at the same time working to reduce the downward population trends in its caribou herds. Burgess Wonders Lying just within Yoho National Park are several rock outcroppings collectively known as the Burgess Shales. So unique and vital were the discoveries at this site that it was designated a World Heritage Site by the United Nations in 1980. Discovered by Charles Walcott in 1909, it's one of very few sites in the world where soft bodied animals left almost perfect fossils. This may not seem important until you realize that most of the study of early life is the study of hard parts--trying to learn something about an animal from a cast of its shell. This tells us little about what lived inside the shell. This quarry uniquely preserved a huge variety of soft bodied creatures along with their shells. For the first time we could see the whole picture. How did this level of preservation occur? Scientists believe that a mud slide came down into a shallow bay and then washed the animals caught in its flow down into the oxygen poor depths far below. Since oxygen is a major factor in decay, this allowed the soft bodied animals to remain for a long time before disappearing - long enough to leave their remains fossilized. The other unique characteristic of this rock formation lies in the timing of this tragic slide. It occurred in middle Cambrian times, basically around 508 million years ago. This puts it right in the middle of the greatest explosion of life in the history of the planet. The Cambrian was the first period in which multicellular life exploded and within a geologic blink of the eye, the world was populated with a diversity never before (or since) experienced. Few other fossil sites across the globe can match the high level of preservation of this site along with such excellent timing. There are a few other important Cambrian sites in other parts of the world, but they are much more recent and as a result don't show nearly the diversity found in this site. As Walcott began to grapple the significance of this fossil bed, he ravenously collected tens of thousands of specimens which he brought back to the Smisthsonian. At the time, he was one of the most powerful scientists in the U.S. and this would be his greatest discovery. Over the next 18 years he published small preliminary works on the fossils but he never found the time to truly study them and unravel their real significance. In the small amount of actual study of the fossils that he completed, he tried to force them to fit into the same groupings of animals present on the planet today, and although this may seem a natural conclusion, it would become his greatest error. Many of the animals present in the Burgess Shales, could not properly be categorized as part of any group of animals present on the planet today. Harry Whittington, one of Walcott's successors slowly unraveled the true mysteries of the Burgess by careful and thorough examination of the multitude of fossils left behind. One of the techniques used by Whittington to rebuild the creatures of the Burgess Shales was to slowly dissect the actual fossils. Like living beings, even though crushed flat, the fossils retained most of their original structure and by carefully removing micro-thin layers, one by one, Whittington was able to make much more detailed examinations of each specimen. Whittington began in 1971 with a creature called Marella. This animal was clearly an Arthropod (the group of animals containing all the insects, spiders and crustaceans as well as the extinct trilobites) but he found that it didn't fit into any of the major grouping of Arthropods known to exist today. His next specimen, Yohoia, led him to a similar conclusion; it was an arthropod but of no known group. Moving onto Opabina, the biggest surprise to date would arise. Not only was this not even an arthropod, it didn't fit into any known Phylum. After Kingdom, Phylum is the next largest category of living things on the planet. Arthropods are one phylum and all living creatures fit into at least one of 25 or 30 known phyla. Further examination of many of the other fossils led to similar conclusions – animals that could not be classified based on today’s system of phyla. Never before, at any other fossil site in the world, had fossils been found that could not be classified. This would have far reaching consequences Most standard discussions of evolution show a single primitive ancestor giving rise to a wide variety of future species. As a result we expected there to be less diversity early in the history of life; not more. In actual fact what we have found is that there were many more basic structural plans at the beginning of life than today and this doesn't work well according to standard discussions. Survival of the fittest may be invoked to say that these early animals were merely inferior and failed to survive. However, survival of the fittest should be predictable and scientists could not find anything that would indicate inferiority in these unclassifiable animals. This led to Stephen Jay Gould, the author of the book Wonderful Life that details much of the science of the shales to come up with a new aspect of natural selection - luck. Perhaps some extinctions were based on some environmental of otherwise unpredictable fluke and as a result, animals not inferior in any way ended up perishing. The long term results become very interesting indeed. If chance plays a major role in the extinction of species, than perhaps if we were to turn the clock back in time an entirely different outcome could arise. This could in turn change the entire sequence of events following this particular occurrence - and could have had a dramatic impact on the evolution of humans. Found in this fossil bed is the oldest ancestor of all the animals with backbones. What if it had have been the unlucky one? This brings a whole new view to evolution. This chance factor is known as contingency and is being widely accepted as one possible component of evolution today - all because of a tiny quarry in Yoho National Park. There has been a lot of recent news relating to the Burgess Shales over the past few years, including several new exposures of rich fossil bearing rocks in nearby Kootenay National Park. Most recently, a frightening new worm has been described from the Burgess Shales. It is a predatory worm called Capinatator praetermissus. It was a flat worm, some 10 cm long with a series of 25 grasping spines on either side of its mouth. While 10 cm may seem small today, in its day it was one of the largest predators in the ocean. This Capinatator is a member of a group of worms that still exist today called Arrow Worms, but this particular species was much larger and had many more grasping spines than any species alive today. Arrow worms are extremely efficient predators. The clasping spines quickly reach out and close around potential prey, locking them in their interlocking grasp. Today, they only grow to a few milimetres in length, but Capinatator would have been a frightening prospect to many aquatic residents of the early oceans. To add to their frightening character, they are translucent which gives them an air of invisibility. A few quick flaps from their flat tail fin and the spines open and this near invisible creature has another meal. Today, there are still some 120 species of arrow worms globally. The fossil record though is very sparse simply because they lack the hard body parts found in some animals and so are rarely fossilized. If anything survives, it's just the clasping spines. Despite this rarity, the Burgess Shales have provide some 50 fossils of varying levels of condition. Even though the species has only recently been described, the first fossils were collected way back in 1983. In order to get enough information to do a formal description, scientists needed many different specimens with each helping to reveal a different component of the worms physiology. It's just one more example of the ongoing and amazing science being done at the various exposures of the Burgess Shales. If you'd like to visit one of the quarries, you'll need to book an official tour since they are all designated as archaeological sites and closed to the general public. Parks Canada and the Burgess Shale Geoscience Foundation offer guided tours to several of the sites. I'll leave a link to their booking pages in the show notes for this episode at www.mountainnaturepodcast.com/ep043 . You can book your Parks Canada hike to one of three Burgess Shale exposures, the classic Walcott Quarry, the Mount Stephen site or the Stanley Glacier site in Kootenay National Park at the following link: https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/pn-np/bc/yoho/activ/burgess/burgess-visit/reserv.aspx. Alternatively the Burgess Shale Geoscience Foundation leads walks to the Walcott and Mount Stephen sites. Bookings can me made at: https://www.burgess-shale.bc.ca/guided-hikes. Next up - local fires provide hope for endangered pines Fire Updates First up, a few updates on the fire situation in western Canada. Perhaps one of the most surprising updates comes from Fort McMurray. After 15 months, the Horse River fire that devastated Fort McMurray in May of 2016 has just been officially deemed to have been extinguished. Fires can linger for long periods underground, and this fire, christened the 'beast', burned some 6,000 km2 last year and leveled 2,400 buildings. Fire managers had to wait until advanced heat detectors from helicopters could find no more lingering hot spots before finally declaring the fire out on Aug 2, 2017. This story comes as our skies are still full of smoke from fires burning across British Columbia. Closer to home, Calgary is set to surpass its record for the smokiest summer on record. The current record was set in 1969 and saw 269 hours of smoke clouding the skies above Calgary. As of Sept 3, 2017 Calgary had seen 255 hours. This record is toast. The season is far from over and the skies around Canmore are continually smoky with much of that drifting eastward towards Calgary. Unless we see some dramatic changes in weather over the next few weeks, Calgary will likely set a record that will be difficult to top. Unfortunately though, with warming climates, all bets are off when it comes of fires in our western forests. To put this into perspective, the average number of smoke filled hours in a year in Calgary is slightly less than 17 for the entire year. Calgary has bettered that on single days numerous times this year. Aug 17 saw 24 hours of smoke, Aug 31 saw 23. July 12 had 19 hours. In 1969 the last smoke measurement was on Dec 22. We still have 4 months of potentially smoke-filled skies before we bid this record breaking year good bye for hopefully clearer skies in 2018. [caption id="attachment_609" align="alignleft" width="501"] Wilderness closure in the Rocky Mountain Forest District in British Columbia[/caption] This week also saw the complete closure of all wilderness in southeastern British Columbia due to the extreme fire situation. The closure affects the entire Rocky Mountain Forest District following the Continental Divide from Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park and areas south of Glacier National Park, all the way south to the U.S. Border. I'll include a map of the closure area in the show notes to this episode at www.mountainnaturepodcast.com/ep043. As fire hazards continue to escalate and wildfires appear with little warning, the provincial government wants to make sure that nobody gets stranded in the wilderness should another fire break out. At the same time, provincial resources are already stretched to the limit dealing with currently imminent situations and simply don't have the manpower to make sure fire bans are respected and wilderness regulations followed. According to the closure bulletin posted. The government states: "When deciding to implement a restriction multiple factors are considered, such as current and forecasted weather conditions, anticipated fire behaviour, access routes, the number of active fires and the current extreme fire danger rating. Given, the extreme wildfire activity within the Rocky Mountain Resource District and forecasted high temperatures and winds, it has, in the interests of public safety, become necessary to restrict access to the backcountry in the Rocky Mountain Resource District." The closure doesn't affect anybody's home. People are free to travel to their residences, but as of noon on Sept 2, they cannot head into the wilderness to retrieve boats or camper trailers. I'll leave a link to the government announcement in the show notes if you would like to get additional information as this story unfolds. Looking closer to home, the Verdant Creek fire is still burning, but it is being looked at as an opportunity to help restore some of Kootenay National Park's endangered whitebark pine. As of this week, the fire has burned 15,500 ha within Kootenay National Park and Mount Assiniboine Provincial Parks. As it burned, it also burned some of these endangered trees. While some trees have been lost, the whitebark, like it's close relative the lodgepole pine, is a fire adapted species. It thrives in open sunlight like the landscape left behind by wildfires. Fire suppression has been one thing that has limited the reproduction of whitebark pine trees in the recent past. Without fire, nice open habitats are not available for the pine to grow. According to a story in the Rocky Mountain Outlook, Parks Canada fire and vegetation specialist Jed Cochrane was quoted as saying: “What fire does is it removes the competition, which is typically Engelmann spruce and sub-alpine fir,” Cochrane said. “Fire removes that competition and whitebark pine comes in and has time to grow without competition and get a foothold. “Without fire, what we have seen is that spruce and fir species outcompete whitebark pine and there is a loss of overall regeneration and habitat for whitebark pine.” Whitebark pine has more to contend with than just lack of habitat though. It is also very susceptible to white pine blister rust. This fungal infection has had dramatic impacts on populations of western white pine, limber pine and whitebark pine. In a 2002 study in British Columbia (http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/x02-049), a 3 year survey of more than 24,000 whitebark pine trees found that 19% were dead and an additional 31% showed signs of active infection. Provincially, infections are more common in the eastern portion of the province and slightly lower in the west. Parks Canada biologists have been looking to breed more blister rust-resistant whitebark pine seedlings and outside Cranbrook, B.C. 2,500 seedlings have been grown. This month, park staff will be planting 1,500 of those seedlings in the area burned by the Verdant Creek fire. As the fire burned over areas already burned in 2001, 2003 and 2012, it will help to create a mozaic of different forest age classes. While the seedlings can help to restore some pine lost to the fire back to the landscape, they won't begin producing seeds for 40 years or more. Once they do produce cones, the Clark's nutcracker will collect the seeds for food, and at the same time, help disperse them to new habitats. Fire is an important ecological process in the mountain west. Unfortunately, fire suppression for the past 100 years has left us with much denser forest canopies then would have existed prior. This leaves fewer potential sites for sun-loving trees like the whitebark pine to take root. Please remember that Ward Cameron Enterprises is your source for hiking, step-on and corporate guides across the mountain west. We work with a team of expert naturalists and guides that can help make sure that your mountain experience is one full of memories and discovery. If you'd like to connect with me on social media, you can leave a comment on this page, or hit me up on twitter @wardcameron. You can also visit our Facebook page at www.facebook.com/wardcameronenterprises.
Have you ever thought about Sean Connery? I mean, have you ever REALLY stopped and thought about the man? Taken measure of his entire body of work and who he is and was?
Cubs win! Cubs win! Cubs win! After an amazing World Series, the Cubbies finally took home the crown! Ben Zobrist was the hero (especially amongst us Kansas Citians) for his game-winning double and was awarded the MVP. We try and reach our sports analyst, Andrew Carter from KCTV 5, but he was probably sleeping somewhere strange after a wild night in Wrigleyville. Everyone on #TheShowKC picked a song for the weekly Throwback Throwdown...and Truta picked the girliest song of everyone! Jen has a couple of the original seats from old Wrigley field. Her husband's family picked them up in the 70's when the club renovated the stadium. What weird stuff do you have in your collection? We got everything from old appliances to an actor's nose (just listen). Shales updates us on her man. Seems like the two have been burning up the text lines. Lindsay Lohan somehow acquired a weird accent. Can Jen or Truta finally break Shaylee's two week hold on the Throwback Throwdown voting? The Show wants to road trip to Chicago for the Cubs victory parade.
A random Friday on #TheShowKC! Truta wants to skip out on the American Royal to watch the Cubs first World Series game inside Wrigley Field for more than 70 years. Halloween is coming up and Shaylee is making Jen a costume. We get the follow up from Shaylee's dating game...has contact been made between Shales and her match? After playing Michael Jackson's "Human Nature" the crew discuss various songs that sampled the tune, including SWV's "Right Now." Where is SWV now? The new KC102.1 Flyaway to the AMA's is announced. Become an instant finalist five times a day beginning Halloween morning. One grand prize winner gets a VIP trip to the American Music Awards live from Hollywood on Nov. 20th. Jen has fun discussing Shaylee's non-existent wedding, reception and baby names. Truta's theory that the Facebook marketplace is only for voyeurs gets a boost during Halloween week as a lot of "sexy" costumes have been advertised -- complete with pictures of their current owner in them. Also, the question is asked: how many holiday inflatables in the yard is too many? Finally, Christina from @KCParent comes on to talk about the family activities taking place this weekend. It will be 82 and sunny out, so it will be perfect weather for an outing! Go Chiefs! Go Cubs! See you Monday for The Show's Halloween Party!
It is the day #TheShowKC have been waiting for. Excitement is in the air as Jen and Truta present the Shaylee Dating Game! We get to find a date for our millennial, Shales. Since we know she loves soccer, Jen teamed up with our friends at the Kansas City Comets @cometsMASL and also brought in our buddy Andrew Carter, sports reporter @KCTV5. There are some other things including the Halloween-themed Throwback Throwdown and whatnot, but you came for the dating game and you're staying for the other stuff. Admit it. And enjoy...
Story 1 - The End of the Buffaloberry Seaon For the past 6 weeks or so, we have been talking about a bumper crop of buffaloberries. However, since they only last until the first frost of autumn, the berries have now disappeared and bears will be moving onto other fall foods. This means it is especially important to harvest and fruit trees you may have on your property as bears will be looking to replace the high calorie buffaloberries. This year has seen great crops of crab apples, nanking cherries, mountainash and even choke cherries and these can all attract bears that have been feeding near the townsite into the townsite. Let's try to keep our communities bear free. Story 2 - Whirling Disease Found in Johnson Lake This week officials confirmed the first case in Canada of whirling disease, in Johnson Lake in Banff National Park. This is devastating news on many levels. Johnson Lake is one of the few lakes in Banff that actually warms up in the summer to allow swimming and is always packed with people enjoying the water, whether swimming, paddling or picnicking. The lake is now closed until further notice until the extent of the infection within the larger Bow River watershed can be determined. Whirling disease affects the trout and whitefish in the area and can have devastating effects on fish populations. Story 3 - Quagga Mussels While whirling disease is here, likely to stay, quagga mussels is one of the potential invaders that has yet to find its way into Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia. However, like whirling disease it is a one way introduction so both the Alberta government and Parks Canada are doing mandatory inspections of all watercraft visiting Alberta waterways. Let's keep Alberta quagga free! Story 4 - New Fossil Discoveries from the Burgess Shale Formations The Burgess Shales are one of the most important fossil beds on the planet. They represent perfect timing, around 550 million years ago, the time of the greatest explosion of life in the history of the planet. They also add unprecedented levels of preservation - even preserving animals that had no hard parts. This story looks way way way back into our ancestry.
James Andrew Miller is an award-winning journalist who has worked in politics, media, and entertainment in a career spanning more than 20 years. In 1985, he wrote the bestselling book RUNNING IN PLACE: Inside the Senate. Later, he and co-author Tom Shales wrote LIVE FROM NEW YORK: an Uncensored History of Saturday Night Live, which spent more than four months on the New York Times bestseller list and was named by Fortune as one of the top 75 “Smartest Books We Know.” In 2011, he co-authored with Shales, THOSE GUYS HAVE ALL THE FUN: Inside the World of ESPN, which was an instant No. 1 New York Times bestseller. He newest book is Powerhouse: The Untold Story of Hollywood's Creative Artists Agency. Through interviews with more than five hundred industry movers and shakers --- a virtual Who’s Who of Hollywood that includes, for the first time, the entire current leadership of the notoriously secretive CAA as well as nearly three dozen top agents, many of CAA’s most aggressive competitors, and scores of major movie, television, music, and sports stars – Miller spins a tale with all the glamour, treachery and groping for power of the most lurid Hollywood blockbuster – except that this time, it’s all true. Connect with Jim Twitter Website If you liked this interview, check out episode 123 with Tucker Max where we discuss the secrets of a bestseller and why you should write a book.
Tom Shales discusses David Letterman's retirement and the next wave of late-night TV hosts. Plus, it’s the debut of What's Tom Shales’ Beef? With your host Jeff Zuk.
What about the dinner party? Plus, Mr. Trump... Mr. Shales... and Oscarazzi!
The Marine-Life Era on Urantia (672.1) 59:0.1 WE RECKON the history of Urantia as beginning about one billion years ago and extending through five major eras: (672.2) 59:0.2 1. The prelife era extends over the initial four hundred and fifty million years, from about the time the planet attained its present size to the time of life establishment. Your students have designated this period as the Archeozoic. (672.3) 59:0.3 2. The life-dawn era extends over the next one hundred and fifty million years. This epoch intervenes between the preceding prelife or cataclysmic age and the following period of more highly developed marine life. This era is known to your researchers as the Proterozoic. (672.4) 59:0.4 3. The marine-life era covers the next two hundred and fifty million years and is best known to you as the Paleozoic. (672.5) 59:0.5 4. The early land-life era extends over the next one hundred million years and is known as the Mesozoic. (672.6) 59:0.6 5. The mammalian era occupies the last fifty million years. This recent-times era is known as the Cenozoic. (672.7) 59:0.7 The marine-life era thus covers about one quarter of your planetary history. It may be subdivided into six long periods, each characterized by certain well-defined developments in both the geologic realms and the biologic domains. (672.8) 59:0.8 As this era begins, the sea bottoms, the extensive continental shelves, and the numerous shallow near-shore basins are covered with prolific vegetation. The more simple and primitive forms of animal life have already developed from preceding vegetable organisms, and the early animal organisms have gradually made their way along the extensive coast lines of the various land masses until the many inland seas are teeming with primitive marine life. Since so few of these early organisms had shells, not many have been preserved as fossils. Nevertheless the stage is set for the opening chapters of that great “stone book” of the life-record preservation which was so methodically laid down during the succeeding ages. (672.9) 59:0.9 The continent of North America is wonderfully rich in the fossil-bearing deposits of the entire marine-life era. The very first and oldest layers are separated from the later strata of the preceding period by extensive erosion deposits which clearly segregate these two stages of planetary development. 1. Early Marine Life in the Shallow Seas The Trilobite Age (673.1) 59:1.1 By the dawn of this period of relative quiet on the earth’s surface, life is confined to the various inland seas and the oceanic shore line; as yet no form of land organism has evolved. Primitive marine animals are well established and are prepared for the next evolutionary development. Amebas are typical survivors of this initial stage of animal life, having made their appearance toward the close of the preceding transition period.* (673.2) 59:1.2 400,000,000 years ago marine life, both vegetable and animal, is fairly well distributed over the whole world. The world climate grows slightly warmer and becomes more equable. There is a general inundation of the seashores of the various continents, particularly of North and South America. New oceans appear, and the older bodies of water are greatly enlarged. (673.3) 59:1.3 Vegetation now for the first time crawls out upon the land and soon makes considerable progress in adaptation to a nonmarine habitat. (673.4) 59:1.4 Suddenly and without gradation ancestry the first multicellular animals make their appearance. The trilobites have evolved, and for ages they dominate the seas. From the standpoint of marine life this is the trilobite age. (673.5) 59:1.5 In the later portion of this time segment much of North America and Europe emerged from the sea. The crust of the earth was temporarily stabilized; mountains, or rather high elevations of land, rose along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, over the West Indies, and in southern Europe. The entire Caribbean region was highly elevated. (673.6) 59:1.6 390,000,000 years ago the land was still elevated. Over parts of eastern and western America and western Europe may be found the stone strata laid down during these times, and these are the oldest rocks which contain trilobite fossils. There were many long fingerlike gulfs projecting into the land masses in which were deposited these fossil-bearing rocks. (673.7) 59:1.7 Within a few million years the Pacific Ocean began to invade the American continents. The sinking of the land was principally due to crustal adjustment, although the lateral land spread, or continental creep, was also a factor. (673.8) 59:1.8 380,000,000 years ago Asia was subsiding, and all other continents were experiencing a short-lived emergence. But as this epoch progressed, the newly appearing Atlantic Ocean made extensive inroads on all adjacent coast lines. The northern Atlantic or Arctic seas were then connected with the southern Gulf waters. When this southern sea entered the Appalachian trough, its waves broke upon the east against mountains as high as the Alps, but in general the continents were uninteresting lowlands, utterly devoid of scenic beauty. (673.9) 59:1.9 The sedimentary deposits of these ages are of four sorts: (673.10) 59:1.10 1. Conglomerates — matter deposited near the shore lines. (673.11) 59:1.11 2. Sandstones — deposits made in shallow water but where the waves were sufficient to prevent mud settling. (673.12) 59:1.12 3. Shales — deposits made in the deeper and more quiet water. (673.13) 59:1.13 4. Limestone — including the deposits of trilobite shells in deep water. (673.14) 59:1.14 The trilobite fossils of these times present certain basic uniformities coupled with certain well-marked variations. The early animals developing from the three original life implantations were characteristic; those appearing in the Western Hemisphere were slightly different from those of the Eurasian group and from the Australasian or Australian-Antarctic type. (674.1) 59:1.15 370,000,000 years ago the great and almost total submergence of North and South America occurred, followed by the sinking of Africa and Australia. Only certain parts of North America remained above these shallow Cambrian seas. Five million years later the seas were retreating before the rising land. And all of these phenomena of land sinking and land rising were undramatic, taking place slowly over millions of years. (674.2) 59:1.16 The trilobite fossil-bearing strata of this epoch outcrop here and there throughout all the continents except in central Asia. In many regions these rocks are horizontal, but in the mountains they are tilted and distorted because of pressure and folding. And such pressure has, in many places, changed the original character of these deposits. Sandstone has been turned into quartz, shale has been changed to slate, while limestone has been converted into marble. (674.3) 59:1.17 360,000,000 years ago the land was still rising. North and South America were well up. Western Europe and the British Isles were emerging, except parts of Wales, which were deeply submerged. There were no great ice sheets during these ages. The supposed glacial deposits appearing in connection with these strata in Europe, Africa, China, and Australia are due to isolated mountain glaciers or to the displacement of glacial debris of later origin. The world climate was oceanic, not continental. The southern seas were warmer then than now, and they extended northward over North America up to the polar regions. The Gulf Stream coursed over the central portion of North America, being deflected eastward to bathe and warm the shores of Greenland, making that now ice-mantled continent a veritable tropic paradise.* (674.4) 59:1.18 The marine life was much alike the world over and consisted of the seaweeds, one-celled organisms, simple sponges, trilobites, and other crustaceans — shrimps, crabs, and lobsters. Three thousand varieties of brachiopods appeared at the close of this period, only two hundred of which have survived. These animals represent a variety of early life which has come down to the present time practically unchanged. (674.5) 59:1.19 But the trilobites were the dominant living creatures. They were sexed animals and existed in many forms; being poor swimmers, they sluggishly floated in the water or crawled along the sea bottoms, curling up in self-protection when attacked by their later appearing enemies. They grew in length from two inches to one foot and developed into four distinct groups: carnivorous, herbivorous, omnivorous, and “mud eaters.” The ability of the latter group largely to subsist on inorganic matter — being the last multicelled animal that could — explains their great increase and long survival. (674.6) 59:1.20 This was the biogeologic picture of Urantia at the end of that long period of the world’s history, embracing fifty million years, designated by your geologists as the Cambrian. 2. The First Continental Flood Stage The Invertebrate-Animal Age (674.7) 59:2.1 The periodic phenomena of land elevation and land sinking characteristic of these times were all gradual and nonspectacular, being accompanied by little or no volcanic action. Throughout all of these successive land elevations and depressions the Asiatic mother continent did not fully share the history of the other land bodies. It experienced many inundations, dipping first in one direction and then another, more particularly in its earlier history, but it does not present the uniform rock deposits which may be discovered on the other continents. In recent ages Asia has been the most stable of all the land masses. (675.1) 59:2.2 350,000,000 years ago saw the beginning of the great flood period of all the continents except central Asia. The land masses were repeatedly covered with water; only the coastal highlands remained above these shallow but widespread oscillatory inland seas. Three major inundations characterized this period, but before it ended, the continents again arose, the total land emergence being fifteen per cent greater than now exists. The Caribbean region was highly elevated. This period is not well marked off in Europe because the land fluctuations were less, while the volcanic action was more persistent. (675.2) 59:2.3 340,000,000 years ago there occurred another extensive land sinking except in Asia and Australia. The waters of the world’s oceans were generally commingled. This was a great limestone age, much of its stone being laid down by lime-secreting algae. (675.3) 59:2.4 A few million years later large portions of the American continents and Europe began to emerge from the water. In the Western Hemisphere only an arm of the Pacific Ocean remained over Mexico and the present Rocky Mountain regions, but near the close of this epoch the Atlantic and Pacific coasts again began to sink. (675.4) 59:2.5 330,000,000 years ago marks the beginning of a time sector of comparative quiet all over the world, with much land again above water. The only exception to this reign of terrestrial quiet was the eruption of the great North American volcano of eastern Kentucky, one of the greatest single volcanic activities the world has ever known. The ashes of this volcano covered five hundred square miles to a depth of from fifteen to twenty feet. (675.5) 59:2.6 320,000,000 years ago the third major flood of this period occurred. The waters of this inundation covered all the land submerged by the preceding deluge, while extending farther in many directions all over the Americas and Europe. Eastern North America and western Europe were from 10,000 to 15,000 feet under water. (675.6) 59:2.7 310,000,000 years ago the land masses of the world were again well up excepting the southern parts of North America. Mexico emerged, thus creating the Gulf Sea, which has ever since maintained its identity. (675.7) 59:2.8 The life of this period continues to evolve. The world is once again quiet and relatively peaceful; the climate remains mild and equable; the land plants are migrating farther and farther from the seashores. The life patterns are well developed, although few plant fossils of these times are to be found. (675.8) 59:2.9 This was the great age of individual animal organismal evolution, though many of the basic changes, such as the transition from plant to animal, had previously occurred. The marine fauna developed to the point where every type of life below the vertebrate scale was represented in the fossils of those rocks which were laid down during these times. But all of these animals were marine organisms. No land animals had yet appeared except a few types of worms which burrowed along the seashores, nor had the land plants yet overspread the continents; there was still too much carbon dioxide in the air to permit of the existence of air breathers. Primarily, all animals except certain of the more primitive ones are directly or indirectly dependent on plant life for their existence. (676.1) 59:2.10 The trilobites were still prominent. These little animals existed in tens of thousands of patterns and were the predecessors of modern crustaceans. Some of the trilobites had from twenty-five to four thousand tiny eyelets; others had aborted eyes. As this period closed, the trilobites shared domination of the seas with several other forms of invertebrate life. But they utterly perished during the beginning of the next period. (676.2) 59:2.11 Lime-secreting algae were widespread. There existed thousands of species of the early ancestors of the corals. Sea worms were abundant, and there were many varieties of jellyfish which have since become extinct. Corals and the later types of sponges evolved. The cephalopods were well developed, and they have survived as the modern pearly nautilus, octopus, cuttlefish, and squid. (676.3) 59:2.12 There were many varieties of shell animals, but their shells were not then so much needed for defensive purposes as in subsequent ages. The gastropods were present in the waters of the ancient seas, and they included single-shelled drills, periwinkles, and snails. The bivalve gastropods have come on down through the intervening millions of years much as they then existed and embrace the mussels, clams, oysters, and scallops. The valve-shelled organisms also evolved, and these brachiopods lived in those ancient waters much as they exist today; they even had hinged, notched, and other sorts of protective arrangements of their valves.* (676.4) 59:2.13 So ends the evolutionary story of the second great period of marine life, which is known to your geologists as the Ordovician. 3. The Second Great Flood Stage The Coral Period — The Brachiopod Age (676.5) 59:3.1 300,000,000 years ago another great period of land submergence began. The southward and northward encroachment of the ancient Silurian seas made ready to engulf most of Europe and North America. The land was not elevated far above the sea so that not much deposition occurred about the shore lines. The seas teemed with lime-shelled life, and the falling of these shells to the sea bottom gradually built up very thick layers of limestone. This is the first widespread limestone deposit, and it covers practically all of Europe and North America but only appears at the earth’s surface in a few places. The thickness of this ancient rock layer averages about one thousand feet, but many of these deposits have since been greatly deformed by tilting, upheavals, and faulting, and many have been changed to quartz, shale, and marble. (676.6) 59:3.2 No fire rocks or lava are found in the stone layers of this period except those of the great volcanoes of southern Europe and eastern Maine and the lava flows of Quebec. Volcanic action was largely past. This was the height of great water deposition; there was little or no mountain building. (676.7) 59:3.3 290,000,000 years ago the sea had largely withdrawn from the continents, and the bottoms of the surrounding oceans were sinking. The land masses were little changed until they were again submerged. The early mountain movements of all the continents were beginning, and the greatest of these crustal upheavals were the Himalayas of Asia and the great Caledonian Mountains, extending from Ireland through Scotland and on to Spitzbergen. (677.1) 59:3.4 It is in the deposits of this age that much of the gas, oil, zinc, and lead are found, the gas and oil being derived from the enormous collections of vegetable and animal matter carried down at the time of the previous land submergence, while the mineral deposits represent the sedimentation of sluggish bodies of water. Many of the rock salt deposits belong to this period. (677.2) 59:3.5 The trilobites rapidly declined, and the center of the stage was occupied by the larger mollusks, or cephalopods. These animals grew to be fifteen feet long and one foot in diameter and became masters of the seas. This species of animal appeared suddenly and assumed dominance of sea life. (677.3) 59:3.6 The great volcanic activity of this age was in the European sector. Not in millions upon millions of years had such violent and extensive volcanic eruptions occurred as now took place around the Mediterranean trough and especially in the neighborhood of the British Isles. This lava flow over the British Isles region today appears as alternate layers of lava and rock 25,000 feet thick. These rocks were laid down by the intermittent lava flows which spread out over a shallow sea bed, thus interspersing the rock deposits, and all of this was subsequently elevated high above the sea. Violent earthquakes took place in northern Europe, notably in Scotland. (677.4) 59:3.7 The oceanic climate remained mild and uniform, and the warm seas bathed the shores of the polar lands. Brachiopod and other marine-life fossils may be found in these deposits right up to the North Pole. Gastropods, brachiopods, sponges, and reef-making corals continued to increase. (677.5) 59:3.8 The close of this epoch witnesses the second advance of the Silurian seas with another commingling of the waters of the southern and northern oceans. The cephalopods dominate marine life, while associated forms of life progressively develop and differentiate. (677.6) 59:3.9 280,000,000 years ago the continents had largely emerged from the second Silurian inundation. The rock deposits of this submergence are known in North America as Niagara limestone because this is the stratum of rock over which Niagara Falls now flows. This layer of rock extends from the eastern mountains to the Mississippi valley region but not farther west except to the south. Several layers extend over Canada, portions of South America, Australia, and most of Europe, the average thickness of this Niagara series being about six hundred feet. Immediately overlying the Niagara deposit, in many regions may be found a collection of conglomerate, shale, and rock salt. This is the accumulation of secondary subsidences. This salt settled in great lagoons which were alternately opened up to the sea and then cut off so that evaporation occurred with deposition of salt along with other matter held in solution. In some regions these rock salt beds are seventy feet thick. (677.7) 59:3.10 The climate is even and mild, and marine fossils are laid down in the arctic regions. But by the end of this epoch the seas are so excessively salty that little life survives. (677.8) 59:3.11 Toward the close of the final Silurian submergence there is a great increase in the echinoderms — the stone lilies — as is evidenced by the crinoid limestone deposits. The trilobites have nearly disappeared, and the mollusks continue monarchs of the seas; coral-reef formation increases greatly. During this age, in the more favorable locations the primitive water scorpions first evolve. Soon thereafter, and suddenly, the true scorpions — actual air breathers — make their appearance. (678.1) 59:3.12 These developments terminate the third marine-life period, covering twenty-five million years and known to your researchers as the Silurian. 4. The Great Land-Emergence Stage The Vegetative Land-Life Period The Age of Fishes (678.2) 59:4.1 In the agelong struggle between land and water, for long periods the sea has been comparatively victorious, but times of land victory are just ahead. And the continental drifts have not proceeded so far but that, at times, practically all of the land of the world is connected by slender isthmuses and narrow land bridges. (678.3) 59:4.2 As the land emerges from the last Silurian inundation, an important period in world development and life evolution comes to an end. It is the dawn of a new age on earth. The naked and unattractive landscape of former times is becoming clothed with luxuriant verdure, and the first magnificent forests will soon appear. (678.4) 59:4.3 The marine life of this age was very diverse due to the early species segregation, but later on there was free commingling and association of all these different types. The brachiopods early reached their climax, being succeeded by the arthropods, and barnacles made their first appearance. But the greatest event of all was the sudden appearance of the fish family. This became the age of fishes, that period of the world’s history characterized by the vertebrate type of animal. (678.5) 59:4.4 270,000,000 years ago the continents were all above water. In millions upon millions of years not so much land had been above water at one time; it was one of the greatest land-emergence epochs in all world history. (678.6) 59:4.5 Five million years later the land areas of North and South America, Europe, Africa, northern Asia, and Australia were briefly inundated, in North America the submergence at one time or another being almost complete; and the resulting limestone layers run from 500 to 5,000 feet in thickness. These various Devonian seas extended first in one direction and then in another so that the immense arctic North American inland sea found an outlet to the Pacific Ocean through northern California. (678.7) 59:4.6 260,000,000 years ago, toward the end of this land-depression epoch, North America was partially overspread by seas having simultaneous connection with the Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic, and Gulf waters. The deposits of these later stages of the first Devonian flood average about one thousand feet in thickness. The coral reefs characterizing these times indicate that the inland seas were clear and shallow. Such coral deposits are exposed in the banks of the Ohio River near Louisville, Kentucky, and are about one hundred feet thick, embracing more than two hundred varieties. These coral formations extend through Canada and northern Europe to the arctic regions. (678.8) 59:4.7 Following these submergences, many of the shore lines were considerably elevated so that the earlier deposits were covered by mud or shale. There is also a red sandstone stratum which characterizes one of the Devonian sedimentations, and this red layer extends over much of the earth’s surface, being found in North and South America, Europe, Russia, China, Africa, and Australia. Such red deposits are suggestive of arid or semiarid conditions, but the climate of this epoch was still mild and even. (679.1) 59:4.8 Throughout all of this period the land southeast of the Cincinnati Island remained well above water. But very much of western Europe, including the British Isles, was submerged. In Wales, Germany, and other places in Europe the Devonian rocks are 20,000 feet thick. (679.2) 59:4.9 250,000,000 years ago witnessed the appearance of the fish family, the vertebrates, one of the most important steps in all prehuman evolution. (679.3) 59:4.10 The arthropods, or crustaceans, were the ancestors of the first vertebrates. The forerunners of the fish family were two modified arthropod ancestors; one had a long body connecting a head and tail, while the other was a backboneless, jawless prefish. But these preliminary types were quickly destroyed when the fishes, the first vertebrates of the animal world, made their sudden appearance from the north. (679.4) 59:4.11 Many of the largest true fish belong to this age, some of the teeth-bearing varieties being twenty-five to thirty feet long; the present-day sharks are the survivors of these ancient fishes. The lung and armored fishes reached their evolutionary apex, and before this epoch had ended, fishes had adapted to both fresh and salt waters. (679.5) 59:4.12 Veritable bone beds of fish teeth and skeletons may be found in the deposits laid down toward the close of this period, and rich fossil beds are situated along the coast of California since many sheltered bays of the Pacific Ocean extended into the land of that region. (679.6) 59:4.13 The earth was being rapidly overrun by the new orders of land vegetation. Heretofore few plants grew on land except about the water’s edge. Now, and suddenly, the prolific fern family appeared and quickly spread over the face of the rapidly rising land in all parts of the world. Tree types, two feet thick and forty feet high, soon developed; later on, leaves evolved, but these early varieties had only rudimentary foliage. There were many smaller plants, but their fossils are not found since they were usually destroyed by the still earlier appearing bacteria. (679.7) 59:4.14 As the land rose, North America became connected with Europe by land bridges extending to Greenland. And today Greenland holds the remains of these early land plants beneath its mantle of ice. (679.8) 59:4.15 240,000,000 years ago the land over parts of both Europe and North and South America began to sink. This subsidence marked the appearance of the last and least extensive of the Devonian floods. The arctic seas again moved southward over much of North America, the Atlantic inundated a large part of Europe and western Asia, while the southern Pacific covered most of India. This inundation was slow in appearing and equally slow in retreating. The Catskill Mountains along the west bank of the Hudson River are one of the largest geologic monuments of this epoch to be found on the surface of North America. (679.9) 59:4.16 230,000,000 years ago the seas were continuing their retreat. Much of North America was above water, and great volcanic activity occurred in the St. Lawrence region. Mount Royal, at Montreal, is the eroded neck of one of these volcanoes. The deposits of this entire epoch are well shown in the Appalachian Mountains of North America where the Susquehanna River has cut a valley exposing these successive layers, which attained a thickness of over 13,000 feet. (680.1) 59:4.17 The elevation of the continents proceeded, and the atmosphere was becoming enriched with oxygen. The earth was overspread by vast forests of ferns one hundred feet high and by the peculiar trees of those days, silent forests; not a sound was heard, not even the rustle of a leaf, for such trees had no leaves. (680.2) 59:4.18 And thus drew to a close one of the longest periods of marine-life evolution, the age of fishes. This period of the world’s history lasted almost fifty million years; it has become known to your researchers as the Devonian. 5. The Crustal-Shifting Stage The Fern-Forest Carboniferous Period The Age of Frogs (680.3) 59:5.1 The appearance of fish during the preceding period marks the apex of marine-life evolution. From this point onward the evolution of land life becomes increasingly important. And this period opens with the stage almost ideally set for the appearance of the first land animals. (680.4) 59:5.2 220,000,000 years ago many of the continental land areas, including most of North America, were above water. The land was overrun by luxurious vegetation; this was indeed the age of ferns. Carbon dioxide was still present in the atmosphere but in lessening degree. (680.5) 59:5.3 Shortly thereafter the central portion of North America was inundated, creating two great inland seas. Both the Atlantic and Pacific coastal highlands were situated just beyond the present shore lines. These two seas presently united, commingling their different forms of life, and the union of these marine fauna marked the beginning of the rapid and world-wide decline in marine life and the opening of the subsequent land-life period. (680.6) 59:5.4 210,000,000 years ago the warm-water arctic seas covered most of North America and Europe. The south polar waters inundated South America and Australia, while both Africa and Asia were highly elevated. (680.7) 59:5.5 When the seas were at their height, a new evolutionary development suddenly occurred. Abruptly, the first of the land animals appeared. There were numerous species of these animals that were able to live on land or in water. These air-breathing amphibians developed from the arthropods, whose swim bladders had evolved into lungs. (680.8) 59:5.6 From the briny waters of the seas there crawled out upon the land snails, scorpions, and frogs. Today frogs still lay their eggs in water, and their young first exist as little fishes, tadpoles. This period could well be known as the age of frogs. (680.9) 59:5.7 Very soon thereafter the insects first appeared and, together with spiders, scorpions, cockroaches, crickets, and locusts, soon overspread the continents of the world. Dragon flies measured thirty inches across. One thousand species of cockroaches developed, and some grew to be four inches long. (680.10) 59:5.8 Two groups of echinoderms became especially well developed, and they are in reality the guide fossils of this epoch. The large shell-feeding sharks were also highly evolved, and for more than five million years they dominated the oceans. The climate was still mild and equable; the marine life was little changed. Fresh-water fish were developing and the trilobites were nearing extinction. Corals were scarce, and much of the limestone was being made by the crinoids. The finer building limestones were laid down during this epoch. (681.1) 59:5.9 The waters of many of the inland seas were so heavily charged with lime and other minerals as greatly to interfere with the progress and development of many marine species. Eventually the seas cleared up as the result of an extensive stone deposit, in some places containing zinc and lead. (681.2) 59:5.10 The deposits of this early Carboniferous age are from 500 to 2,000 feet thick, consisting of sandstone, shale, and limestone. The oldest strata yield the fossils of both land and marine animals and plants, along with much gravel and basin sediments. Little workable coal is found in these older strata. These depositions throughout Europe are very similar to those laid down over North America. (681.3) 59:5.11 Toward the close of this epoch the land of North America began to rise. There was a short interruption, and the sea returned to cover about half of its previous beds. This was a short inundation, and most of the land was soon well above water. South America was still connected with Europe by way of Africa. (681.4) 59:5.12 This epoch witnessed the beginning of the Vosges, Black Forest, and Ural mountains. Stumps of other and older mountains are to be found all over Great Britain and Europe. (681.5) 59:5.13 200,000,000 years ago the really active stages of the Carboniferous period began. For twenty million years prior to this time the earlier coal deposits were being laid down, but now the more extensive coal-formation activities were in process. The length of the actual coal-deposition epoch was a little over twenty-five million years. (681.6) 59:5.14 The land was periodically going up and down due to the shifting sea level occasioned by activities on the ocean bottoms. This crustal uneasiness — the settling and rising of the land — in connection with the prolific vegetation of the coastal swamps, contributed to the production of extensive coal deposits, which have caused this period to be known as the Carboniferous. And the climate was still mild the world over. (681.7) 59:5.15 The coal layers alternate with shale, stone, and conglomerate. These coal beds over central and eastern United States vary in thickness from forty to fifty feet. But many of these deposits were washed away during subsequent land elevations. In some parts of North America and Europe the coal-bearing strata are 18,000 feet in thickness. (681.8) 59:5.16 The presence of roots of trees as they grew in the
Tierärztliche Fakultät - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 05/07
Ziel dieser Studie war es, die in den Jahren 1996–2010 an der Chirurgischen und Gynäkologischen Kleintierklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München wegen einer Karpal- oder Tarsalgelenksarthrodese behandelten Hunde und Katzen zu erfassen und das Langzeitergebnis dieser Behandlungen anhand klinischer, röntgenologischer und ganganalytischer Nachuntersuchungen sowie Besitzerbefragungen zu analysieren. Nach einleitender Darstellung der Anatomie des Karpal- und Tarsalgelenks werden anhand der Literatur die Ätiologie, Häufigkeit, Lokalisation, Symptomatik, Diagnostik und Behandlung von Verletzungen in diesem Bereich erläutert. Anschließend wird ein Überblick über die Arthrodese im Allgemeinen sowie über die Arthrodese des Karpal- und Tarsalgelenks im Speziellen gegeben. Die Behandlungsergebnisse aus der Literatur werden dabei berücksichtigt. 175 Gelenke wurden im untersuchten Zeitraum versteift. Darunter waren 113 Hunde (81 Karpal- (1-mal beidseits) und 32 Tarsalgelenksarthrodesen) und 62 Katzen (22 Karpal- (1-mal beidseits) und 40 Tarsalgelenksarthrodesen (1-mal beidseits)). 45 dieser Patienten (35 Hunde und 10 Katzen) konnten anhand von Besitzerbefragung, klinisch, röntgenologisch sowie teilweise ganganalytisch (30-mal) in einem durchschnittlichen Zeitraum von 3,9 Jahren (Hunde 4,1 und Katzen 3,7) nachuntersucht werden. Von 37 Patienten (28 Hunde und 9 Katzen) war eine Überprüfung des Langzeitergebnisses lediglich anhand einer Befragung der Besitzer in einem durchschnittlichen Zeitraum von 6,5 Jahren möglich. Bei 21 der 23 Hunde, die eine Panarthrodese des Karpalgelenks erhielten, lag eine Hyperextensionsverletzung zugrunde. Die am häufigsten von einer Schädigung betroffenen Gelenketage beim Hund war mit 12/21 die Articulatio mediocarpea. Bei den Patienten, die eine partielle Arthrodese des Karpalgelenks erhielten, lag in beiden Fällen eine mediale Seitenbandinstabilität sowie eine Ruptur der Ligamenta intercarpea et carpometacarpea zugrunde. Die Panarthrodese wurde stets mittels dorsal aufgebrachter Platte durchgeführt. Verwendete Implantate waren dynamische Kompressionsplatten (3/24), Hybridarthrodeseplatten (16/24) sowie Stufenplatten (5/24). Die partielle Arthrodese erfolgte sowohl mittels dorsal aufgebrachter T-Platte als auch anhand einer von medial aufgebrachten dynamischen Kompressionsplatte. 18 der 25 Patientenbesitzer beurteilten das Gesamtergebnis als „sehr gut“. Sämtliche Besitzer gaben an, sich gegebenenfalls erneut für einen derartigen Eingriff zu entscheiden. Bei der orthopädischen Untersuchung zeigten sich 18 der 25 Patienten lahmheitsfrei. Anhand der bei einem Teil der Patienten (21/25) durchgeführten ganganalytischen Untersuchungen ließ sich zeigen, dass die im Anschluss an eine Arthrodese auftretenden Gangbildabweichungen nur zu einem geringen Anteil (3/13) 238 tatsächlich schmerzbedingt und im Großteil der Fälle (10/13) rein mechanisch bedingt sind und damit weder eine Einschränkung der Lebensqualität des Patienten zu erwarten ist, noch eine Behandlung erforderlich ist. Die Befunde der röntgenologischen Untersuchungen ergaben in 20/26 Gelenken einen vollständigen Knochendurchbau. In 16/26 Fällen konnten Arthrosen im Bereich der Zehengelenke festgestellt werden wobei diese 6-mal nur auf der operierten Gliedmaße und 10-mal bilateral vorlagen. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen Steilheit des Versteifungswinkel und Arthrosegrad konnte nicht hergestellt werden. Mögliche Erklärung für das im Schnitt schlechtere Abschneiden der röntgenologischen Untersuchung im Vergleich zur orthopädischen Untersuchung war der in 5/26 Fällen unvollständige Gelenkdurchbau, sowie die in 6 der 26 Fälle auftretenden Synostosen im Bereich der Metakarpalknochen. Zu den beobachteten Frühkomplikationen gehörten Druckstellen (5/25) sowie Wundheilungsstörungen (9/25) deren Häufigkeit durch Anwendung des Lappenschnitts für den Operationszugang merklich reduziert werden konnte, was sich durch die Vermeidung des Kontakts zwischen Zugangswunde und Implantat erklären lässt. Die zu den Spätkomplikationen zählende Implantatlockerung konnte mit einer Häufigkeit von 10/25 am häufigsten beobachtet werden. Hiervon waren insbesondere die am weitesten distal gelegenen Schrauben betroffen. Weiterhin konnten Synostosen der Metakarpalia (6/25) sowie Implantatversagen (4/26) beobachtet werden. Bei den Katzen, die eine Arthrodese des Karpalgelenks erhielten, war es in 3 der 6 Fällle vorberichtlich zu einem Höhensturz gekommen. Bei 5 der 6 Fällle lag ein Niederbruch des Karpalgelenks vor. Die am häufigsten von einer Schädigung betroffene Gelenketage war mit 60 % das Antebrachiokarpalgelenk. Bei der Katze, die eine partielle Arthrodese des Karpalgelenks erhielt, lag eine Luxatio carpometacarpea vor. In sämtlichen Fällen erfolgte die Panarthrodese mittels dorsal aufgebrachter Platte. Die partielle Arthrodese wurde anhand von in die Metakarpalknochen eingeführten Bohrdrähten durchgeführt. Die Besitzer beurteilten das Gesamtergebnis bei 5 der 6 Katzen mit einer Panarthrodese und der Katze mit einer partiellen Arthrodese als „sehr gut“. Alle der Besitzer gaben an, sich gegebenenfalls erneut für einen solchen Eingriff zu entscheiden. Keiner der Besitzer konnte mit dem Eingriff eine Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität seiner Katze in Verbindung bringen. Bei der orthopädischen Untersuchung zeigten sich 4 der 6 Patienten lahmheitsfrei. In 3 der 6 Fälle, unter anderem bei der Katze mit einer partiellen Arthrodese des Karpalgelenks, kam es zu Druckstellen im Zuge der Verbandsbehandlung. Eine Fraktur des 3. Metakarpalknochens sowie eine Lockerung der Implantate konnte bei jeweils einer Katze beobachtet werden. Entgegen der in der Literatur von Shales und Langley-Hobbs (2006) ausgesprochenen Empfehlung bei Katzen Versteifungen des Karpalgelenks aufgrund der starken postoperativen Einschränkungen zu unterlassen konnten bei den untersuchten Patienten befriedigende Ergebnisse erzielt werden. 239 Bei den Hunden, die eine Arthrodese des Tarsalgelenks erhielten erfolgte die Panarthrodese in sämtlichen Fällen mithilfe einer von dorsal aufgebrachten Platte. Die partielle Arthrodese wurde entweder mittels medialer Zuggurtung oder lateraler Platte durchgeführt. Von der Hälfte der Besitzer (5/10) wurde das Gesamtergebnis der Behandlung als „sehr gut“ beurteilt. Von ihnen gaben 9 an, sich gegebenenfalls erneut für einen derartigen Eingriff zu entscheiden. Lediglich 1 der Hunde mit einer Panarthrodese des Tarsalgelenks zeigte eine undeutlich geringgradige Lahmheit der betroffenen Gliedmaße. Jedoch fiel bei 4 der 6 Hunde mit einer Panarthrodese eine ständige Entlastung der Gliedmaße im Stand auf. Diese Tatsache wurde insbesondere bei Patienten beobachtet, bei denen die Gelenkschädigung zum Zeitpunkt der Operation bereits seit längerer Zeit bestand und bereits eine Muskelatrophie und Entlastung der betroffenen Gliedmaße vorlag. Zwischen der Steilheit des Versteifungswinkels und der Zehenbeweglichkeit konnte ein direkter Zusammenhang hergestellt werden. Je größer der Versteifungswinkel war, desto stärker war die Einschränkung der Zehenbeweglichkeit. Arthrosen im Bereich der Zehengelenke traten in etwa zum selben Prozentsatz (6/10) wie im Bereich des Karpalgelenks, bei 5 Hunden mit einer Panarthrodese und bei 1 Hund mit einer partiellen Arthrodese des Tarsalgelenks auf. Beobachtete Frühkomplikationen waren bei Hunden mit einer Panarthrodese des Tarsalgelenks auftretende Wundheilungsstörungen (3/6) sowie Druckstellen (2/6). Bei 5/10 Patienten (3 Hunde mit einer Panarthrodese, 2 mit einer partieller Arthrodese des Tarsalgelenks) kam es zu einer Lockerung der Implantate. Ein Implantatversagen wurde bei 3 der Hunde mit einer Panarthrodese des Tarsalgelenks beobachtet. Trotz dieser verhältnismäßig hohen Komplikationsraten konnten im Zuge der Untersuchungen für diese Arbeit befriedigende Ergebnisse mit nur unwesentlichen Beeinträchtigungen des üblichen Bewegungsablaufs festgestellt werden. Aufgrund der geringen Patientenzahl der ganganalytisch untersuchten Patienten mit einer Arthrodese des Tarsalgelenks war es nicht möglich statistische Unterschiede festzustellen, es konnte jedoch gezeigt werden, dass selbst bei vollständiger Versteifung der Tarsalgelenks mit einer nur unwesentlichen Beeinträchtigung des Bewegungsablaufs zu rechnen ist. Bei sämtlichen 3 Katzen, die eine Arthrodese des Tarsalgelenks erhielten, konnten Frakturen im Bereich der Tarsalgelenke festgestellt werden. 2-mal war der Talus von diesen Frakturen betroffen. Von 2 der Besitzer wurde das Gesamtergebnis als „sehr gut“ beurteilt. Ebensoviele gaben an sich gegebenenfalls erneut für einen derartigen Eingriff zu entscheiden bzw., dass sie keine Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität mit dem Eingriff in Zusammenhang bringen konnten. Sämtliche Patienten zeigten sich bei der orthopädischen Untersuchung lahmheitsfrei. Bei keiner der Katzen kam es zu Komplikationen im Zuge des Heilungsverlaufs. 240 Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass es sich bei der Arthrodese des Karpal- und Tarsalgelenks bei Hund und Katze um eine geeignete Behandlungsmethode unheilbarer Verletzungen im Bereich dieser Gelenke handelt. Im Zuge ihrer Anwendung können Ergebnisse mit geringer bis nahezu keiner postoperativen Einschränkung der Patienten und einem hohen Maß an Besitzerzufriedenheit erzielt werden. Vergleichsweise gute Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der Lahmheitsfreiheit von Patienten mit Karpal- und Tarsalgelenksarthrodesen konnten im Rahmen der Untersuchungen für diese Arbeit erzielt werden. Dies bestätigte sich insbesondere im Vergleich zu der vorausgegangenen Arbeit von Müller-Rohrmoser (1997). Mögliche Ursache hierfür könnte eine optimierte Operationsmethode hinsichtlich Versteifungswinkel und Durchführung sein. Auffallend war das merklich gehäufte Auftreten von Frühkomplikationen in Form von Druckstellen im Zuge der Verbandsbehandlung. Aus diesem Grund ist anzustreben die Verbandsbehandlung auf ein absolutes Mindestmaß zu beschränken und die Bemühungen dahin zu lenken eine belastungsstabile Fixation zu schaffen. Ermöglicht wird dies durch den Einsatz neuartiger Implantate wie beispielsweise der Stufenplatte für die Panarthrodese des Karpalgelenks, sowie einer sorgfältigen Schonung des Weichteilgewebes im Zuge der Operation. Bei der Versteifung des Karpal- und Tarsalgelenks bei Hund und Katze handelt es sich um eine Behandlungsmethode mit vergleichsweise hohen potentiellen Komplikationsraten die einer äußerst konsequenten Arbeitsweise und Nachsorge bedarf. Unter Berücksichtigung der entsprechenden Vorsichtsmaßnahmen und Vorgaben darf jedoch mit zufriedenstellenden Spätergebnissen mit einem hohen Maß an Besitzerzufriedenheit und einer nur unwesentlichen Beeinträchtigung des Bewegungsablaufs des Patienten gerechnet werden.
Jason Hartman interviews author, Amity Shlaes, about her book, “The Forgotten Man: A New History of the Great Depression.” Franklin D. Roosevelt spoke of the forgotten man as the man at the bottom of the economic pyramid, the poor man, the homeless man. Miss Shlaes explains that there is another forgotten man, the taxpayer, based on an algebraic description by William Graham Sumner. Jason and Miss Shlaes explore the concept that the Great Depression was man-made, that the Federal government suppressed the economy and the markets, which slowed recovery. A zombie-like economy has ensued in America, very similar to what happened with Japan's economic downfall, which is still recovering two decades later. Miss Shlaes also shares how the collective or community aspect, particularly farms, encouraged and funded by the government, did not work because of bad stewardship – nobody cared about anything because nobody owned anything. In order for people to care and succeed, they must be allowed to own property, own businesses, and own their homes. Amity Shlaes and Jason move on to discuss “The Greedy Hand,” as it refers to taxation. As Miss Shlaes researched the history of The Greedy Hand, she found that Americans initially resisted tax withholding, that it was not just accepted. Over time, taxation has become extremely complex, and the best solution would be to simplify it again. Miss Shlaes also shares her predictions on inflation for 2012. She encourages people to read, to educate themselves and their children. Amity Shlaes is a syndicated columnist for Bloomberg and a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. In addition to writing on political economy, she writes on taxes. She is a contributor to Marketplace, the public radio show. She has appeared on numerous radio and television shows over the years. Miss Shlaes was formerly a columnist for the Financial Times and, before that a member of the editorial board of the Wall Street Journal, specializing in economics. In the early 1990s she served as the Journal's features, or "op ed" editor. Prior to that, she followed the collapse of communism for the Wall Street Journal/Europe. Over the years she has published in the National Review, the New Republic, Foreign Affairs (on the German economy), the American Spectator, the Suddeutsche Zeitung and Die Zeit. In 2002, she contributed an article on the US tax code to the thirtieth anniversary anthology of Tax Notes, the scholarly journal.Miss Shlaes has twice been a finalist for the Loeb Prize in commentary, her field's best known prize. In 2002, she was co-winner of the Frederic Bastiat Prize, an international prize for writing on political economy. In 2003, she spent several months at the American Academy in Berlin as the JP Morgan Fellow for finance and economy.
In the first Awful Announcing Podcast at the Bloguin network, we talk with the co-author of Those Guys Have All The Fun, Jim Miller, about the impressive book that tells the story of ESPN. We discuss amongst other topics...-The outlined nine steps to ESPN's dominance-The lack of stars on SportsCenter-Bill SImmons' outspokenness -ESPN's relationship with sports blogs-The future of the network
Geological landforms: Dorset and The Isle of Skye - for iPad/Mac/PC
Dr Iain Gilmour shows us a geological map of Dorset and explains how this map illustrates many things, including the thickness of the strata.
Geological landforms: Dorset and The Isle of Skye - for iPad/Mac/PC
Transcript -- This track summarises the different types of rock found in Dorset and the areas in which they are found.
Geological landforms: Dorset and The Isle of Skye - for iPod/iPhone
Transcript -- This track summarises the different types of rock found in Dorset and the areas in which they are found.
Geological landforms: Dorset and The Isle of Skye - for iPad/Mac/PC
This track summarises the different types of rock found in Dorset and the areas in which they are found.
Geological landforms: Dorset and The Isle of Skye - for iPod/iPhone
Transcript -- Dr Iain Gilmour shows us a geological map of Dorset and explains how this map illustrates many things, including the thickness of the strata.
Geological landforms: Dorset and The Isle of Skye - for iPod/iPhone
Dr Iain Gilmour shows us a geological map of Dorset and explains how this map illustrates many things, including the thickness of the strata.
Geological landforms: Dorset and The Isle of Skye - for iPod/iPhone
This track summarises the different types of rock found in Dorset and the areas in which they are found.
Geological landforms: Dorset and The Isle of Skye - for iPad/Mac/PC
Transcript -- Dr Iain Gilmour shows us a geological map of Dorset and explains how this map illustrates many things, including the thickness of the strata.
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