Podcasts about Western Electric

Ep 123: Feb 19, 2025 - Rebroadcast -  Where is the 550-foot-tall black pyramid that can power all of Alaska and Canada? U.S recovered non-human ‘biologics' from UFO crash sites, former intel official says YouTube video: Government Whistleblower Exposes the Alaskan Black Pyramid | Aliens in Alaska   https://youtu.be/K33UIjtBwes Interview with Douglas Alan Mutschler from July, 2012 Retired CW2 Commissioned Warrant Officer Counterintelligence US Army - Fort Richardson, Anchorage, Alaska “Chinese Set Off Their Biggest Nuclear Explosion” “distinct outline of a pyramid…in that whited-out area…south of Mt. McKinley” “pyramid..bigger than the one in Egypt” Son of Western Electric employee sent to investigate pyramid top of pyramid was 150 feet underground, base of pyramid was 700 feet down, making it 550 feet tall some type of power system “had the ability to power all of Alaska and Canada” “more secret than the Manhattan Project” Interview with Mark Wood, Retired U.S. Navy Captain “flew in a Beaver from Kaltag, AK” “landed on a runway that could handle cargo planes, Telida, UK” “it's probably operating similar to Wardenclyffe Tower…generating electricity and sending it into the atmosphere” “EMI…would cause interference with airplanes…that's how they found it” “their instruments would go haywire” “a large number of planes that have gone missing over the years.” “the pyramid is within 50 miles of Denali” ==== NEW PRINTINGS NOW AVAILABLE: Glimpses of Other Realities, Vol. 1: Fact & Eye Witnesses   Now available on Amazon: https://earthfiles.com/glimpses1  Glimpses of Other Realities, Vol. 2: High Strangeness   Now available on Amazon: https://earthfiles.com/glimpses2 ==== — For more incredible science stories, Real X-Files, environmental stories and so much more. Please visit my site https://www.earthfiles.com — Be sure to subscribe to this Earthfiles Channel the official channel for Linda Moulton Howe https://www.youtube.com/user/Earthfiles — To stay up to date on everything Earthfiles, follow me on FaceBook@EarthfilesNews and Twitter @Earthfiles.  To purchase books and merchandise from Linda Moulton Howe, be sure to only shop at my official Earthfiles store at https://www.earthfiles.com/earthfiles-shop/ — Countdown Clock Piano Music:  Ashot Danielyan, Composer:  https://www.pond5.com/stock-music/100990900/emotional-piano-melancholic-drama.html

Interview with Karen and Don Peris of Innocence Mission.   The first studio album from the innocence mission in four years, Midwinter Swimmers sounds immediately like an old friend. At the same time, it's a new kind of adventure for the beloved Pennsylvania band of high school friends Karen Peris, Don Peris, and Mike Bitts, having both an expansive, cinematic quality and the strange, lo-fi beauty of a newly discovered vintage folk/pop album, brimming with melody. Midwinter Swimmers is being released November 29 by Therese Records in North America, Bella Union in the U.K. and PVine in Japan. “It's like it was recorded at Western Electric in the 60's, and makes me think of Vashti Bunyan or Sibylle Baier, but also has these emotional bursts of orchestration and drums and harmony coming in - the sound of the innocence mission never stops getting richer”, writes one early listener and friend. Lead single and album opening song ‘This Thread Is a Green Street' is a perfect entrance into the innocence mission's sound and sensibility. Karen Peris describes it as “a sort of envisioning the landscape as a world of doorways, that might allow us to locate memory or to be nearer in some way to people we miss. And the transportive quality of scenes we might come upon in the natural world, or even in everyday objects- a sewing thread when I'm mending something could remind me of a street map. One of the things about recording it was, how to find this feeling inside the sound, and how to find the half-remembered beauty of sing-alongs of our 1970's childhoods. There's a search in recording that goes on being elusive, in a good way.” ‘This Thread...' is the first of a trio of songs on the new album (the second being the title song) about missing a loved one who is away, and of how love can transcend distance, Karen says. Piano melodies and high electric with strummed nylon string guitars make a glimmery soundtrack for ‘Midwinter Swimmers', a happy-sad song of hopefulness about seeing an absent loved one soon. It takes place during an instant when swimmers seen at a distance through tears are refracted and appear as something beautiful and moving. Something of this feeling is echoed in the recording, made with a spontaneity and a sense of trying to capture a single moment and hold it up to the light. This attentiveness to small detail typifies the way the innocence mission's songs look closely at everyday moments as miraculous worlds of their own. Karen's words stand on their own as poetry, with a particular sense of place and color, of the visual, that communicate universal experiences of change and loss, and of love, hope, and gratitude. Walking is a recurrent happening in Peris' songs, as she finds herself taking walks on most days of the year, and looking up into trees, which continue to be another feature of her lyrics. In one verse of closing song ‘A Different Day', she relates a favorite sycamore tree to an imaginary appaloosa horse that she might ride to visit a friend, underlining her hope that she could be made into a stronger, more courageous person who is without anxiety. This same hope of personal transformation is present in ‘Orange of the Westering Sun', which recalls being in California to record the innocence mission's first two albums. “This was at Joni Mitchell's house, and the air always smelled like lilies so it became Easter-like, which may have been one of the reasons that there was the feeling of being at the start of something”, Karen remembers. (In a full-circle experience, Karen, whose first favorite song at five years old was ‘Both Sides Now' was invited by Joni to sing on her album Night Ride Home, an honor she treasures.) On the opposite US coast, a favorite place visited by the Peris family called Two Lights in Cape Elizabeth is the setting of the dynamic and ambient ‘The Camera Divides the Coast of Maine'. Karen explains the song is “thinking about the nature of place in regard to time - when we think of going back, is it as if to visit an earlier time in our lives? I often think of the Ivan Lalic poem that says something like: Is this a street or years?” Here, and throughout the album, there is a palpable emotion inherent in Karen's voice, and in the distinctive combination of Don's luminous, high electric guitar lines with Karen's low (baritone and nylon string), rhythmic guitar and piano playing. Their longtime friend Mike Bitts adds a further dimension of upright and electric bass. ‘There is a companionship about Karen's voice,' Don Peris says, ‘and a realistic joy and gratitude, in the midst of life's difficulties, that she is expressing here on songs like ‘Sisters and Brothers'. I feel bolstered and comforted by them'. Innocence Mission Info theinnocencemission.com  www.facebook.com/innocence-mission-111422858887453/timeline/https://www.instagram.com/theinnocencemission/  

If you're as old as we are, you grew up with a slow cooker on the counter during the day as dinner got made over the long haul. Slow cookers: a history, not just the ways they've come in and out of style, but what's happened mechanically to the machines over the years.We're Bruce Weinstein & Mark Scarbrough. We've written over three dozen cookbooks, including THE GREAT AMERICAN SLOW COOKER BOOK, which was a giant hit on QVC. If you'd like to check out that book, click this link.We're talking about slow cookers: their history, their ins and outs, and the changes that have happened to them over the years.[00:51] Our one-minute cooking tip: Save the olive oil from tins of sardines and anchovies for the base of a stew.[02:22] How did the slow cooker come about? (Invented by Western Electric's first Jewish engineer.) How did they come to be called "crock pots"? And what's happened to them over the years, including the mechanical changes to them nowadays?[18:16] What's making us happy in food this week: lamb kofta and lemon marmalade.

Today we revisit another one of my favorite episodes, the sinking of the Eastland. On July 15th, 1915, a steamship with a checkered past called the SS Eastland docked at a wharf on the Chicago River in downtown Chicago, ready to transport 2500 Western Electric employees and their families across Lake Michigan to a company picnic. Once boarding completed, however, terrible tragedy struck when the ship tilted over and into the river, killing over 800 people -mostly women and children- in a horrific, chaotic scene. My guest is Michael McCarthy, author of the New York Times Bestseller "Ashes Under Water: The SS Eastland and the Shipwreck That Shook America". He offers a fascinating glimpse into the history of the ill-fated SS Eastland and recounts the story of the tragic sinking and its aftermath, including famed attorney Clarence Darrow's involvement in the trial that followed. The author's website: https://ashesunderwater.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Did Dr. Deming forbid setting goals? Dive into this discussion about healthy goal setting, learn why your process matters, and the four things you need to understand before you start on goals. This episode is the first in a 4-part series about goal setting. TRANSCRIPT 0:00:02.2 Andrew Stotz: My name is Andrew Stotz and I'll be your host as we continue our journey into the teachings of Dr. W. Edwards Deming. Today I'm continuing my discussion with John Dues, who is part of the new generation of educators striving to apply Dr. Deming's principles to unleash student joy in learning. This is episode 21 and we're talking about goal setting through a Deming lens. John, take it away.   0:00:26.9 John Dues: Yeah, it's good to be back, Andrew. Yeah, 'tis the season for resolutions, I suppose, so I thought we could talk about organizational goal setting and sort of doing that through a Deming lens. And I was thinking about, at a recent district leadership team meeting, I put the following quote up on a slide. I said, "Goal setting is often an act of desperation." You got to watch people's faces when they see that. And to give some context, we're sort of updating our strategic plan at United Schools Network and my point in putting that on the slide as a part of strategic planning was to start a discussion on sort of what I think is healthy goal setting and how that's not typical to what I've seen across my career in schools, education organizations.   0:01:22.4 JD: And I wanted to provide a framework for the team so that anyone that's setting a goal as a part of the strategic planning process sort of had this sort of mindset as we're going through the goal setting process. I think that the typical reaction to that quote, at least in my experience, has been something like, "But I thought that goal setting was something that highly effective people or highly effective organizations do." And my basic argument is that I think that that's the intention, but it's rarely the case, whether that's individuals or organizations. And there's these, what I've come to sort of frame as four conditions that have to be met during the goal setting process. And without those, you kind of get fluff for a goal setting, probably more likely just completely disconnected from reality. I think... Yeah, go ahead.   0:02:22.5 AS: I just wanted to talk to everybody out there that's listening and viewing. I mean, I'm sure you're going through goal setting all the time and as we talk about, it's the beginning of the year right now, this is actually, we're recording this in mid-January of 2024. So it's like I've been working on what's our vision? What's our mission? What's our values? Where are we going? What is our goal? What is our long term goal? What is our short term goal? And I don't know about you guys, but for me, it gets a little confusing and round in circles sometimes and overwhelming, and then this whole idea about, that goal setting is often an act of desperation. It's like I've been working on this stuff for recently over the last week or so and then I just heard you say that and I was like, "Oh, I'm really interested to learn more." So let's go through those four conditions.   0:03:18.5 JD: Yeah, I'll get to those in a second. But I... So I'm not saying don't set goals necessarily. And people have that same reaction typically to that statement, but it's goal setting is often an act of desperation. So it's not the goal in and of themselves, but generally it's the process that you go about and the lack of sort of logic behind the goals that I'm talking about. And I know on these podcasts, many of my examples have sort of I've been banging on like State Department accountability systems and stuff like that. I'm going to continue to do that today but I think the same sort of errors happen at the school system level, at the individual school building level, at the individual teacher or principal level, it's just the stakes are higher when you're talking about states and countries, systems of education.   0:04:11.8 JD: But what I've seen is over the last two decades, certainly post-No Child Left Behind, what it seems like is that there's often these goals set and they're sort of, the targets are sort of chosen out of thin air. And then there's this whole accountability system built around those goals and then in the case of states, we then rate and rank school systems or schools based on how they perform in relation to those goals. And again, the same type of thing is happening at the school system level, at the school level but probably the state accountability systems is what most educators are familiar with when I'm talking about goals. And in Ohio, like a lot of states, we give state tests, we give them third through eighth grade.   0:04:58.5 JD: They take reading and math every year, third through eighth grade in Ohio and you have to hit this 80% benchmark in terms of the percent of kids that are proficient in your school to meet the state standard. So the first question is, why not 60%? Why not 95%? Why not 85%? Why not 82.5%? Just random, you know? And my hunch is, the first problem is that that benchmark for passage rates, if you asked 100 people at the State Department or 100 people working in public school systems in Ohio, I'm not sure if anybody could give you that answer, why 80%? So the first problem is that that target itself is chosen arbitrarily and without sort of a deep consideration. And so that's sort of where the fork initially comes...   0:05:58.3 AS: And I would say that if I look at that 80%, it's like below that and you would seem like you're really underachieving, and above that, it's like, let's be realistic here of what the system can produce.   0:06:11.6 JD: Well, it's a B, it's a B minus. You know, that's familiar, a C, you're not allowed to bring home a C, but a B is okay. So, I mean, my guess is, I don't know where that particular target came from, but my guess is it's something maybe not too far off from, "well, it's sort of a B minus" in the typical grading scale in the United States.   0:06:32.4 AS: Probably came just the way we just discussed it.   0:06:35.1 JD: I would not be entirely surprised. So a lot of the problem with goal setting and when I'm saying act of desperation, it has to do with that arbitrary nature of the goal in and of itself. And so what I've sort of told the team here is that let's put forth some conditions that came up, I mentioned four, that we should understand prior to ever setting a goal. So the first thing we want to understand is what I call the "capability of the system" under study. So in this case, we've talked about third grade reading because that's such an important time period in a student's life.   0:07:13.4 JD: The states, lots of states put a lot of emphasis on it. In Ohio, there's a third grade reading guarantee that exists in other states as well. So we'll kind of look at data in that realm. So the first one, what's the capability of that third grade reading system? The second condition is we have to understand the variation that that system produces. So what are the ups and downs in the data? What are the patterns in the data? So capability, variation is the second condition. The third condition is, is the system that we're studying, is the data stable? When we look at the patterns of the data over time, is there predictability to it?   0:08:01.8 JD: Is there stability to that data or is it all over the place? And then the third thing or sorry, the fourth thing we want is a logical answer to the question, "by what method?" So let's take sort of a deeper look at each of those four conditions, kind of unpack those a little bit. We'll use third grade reading state testing data. I have some data on a chart, but I'll share my screen in a second for those that are viewing the data. And then for those that are only listening, I'll sort of narrate what we're looking at so you'll still get some value out of the description. So you see my screen now?   0:08:42.5 AS: Yep.   0:08:43.3 JD: Okay, cool. So we've looked at these charts before in previous episodes. It's been a while. So this is what some people call a control chart. I call it a process behavior chart because it's literally a description, a visual description of a process unfolding over time.   0:09:01.7 AS: And maybe I'll just describe it. At the title it says, Ohio Third Grade Reading State Testing Proficiency Levels. On the y-axis is the percent proficiency ranging from, of course, zero to 100. And on the x-axis, we have seven school years going from the 2015 to 2016 school year all the way to 2022 to 2023 school year. And then most importantly, we have points, that's a blue line here, but the points that are showing the movement of third grade reading state proficiency levels year by year or school year by school year. Continue.   0:09:51.1 JD: Yep, that's right. That's a good description. So those blue dots are the percent of third graders that are proficient each testing year. And to give you some context, in Ohio about 125,000 third graders take that state reading test each year. One thing you'll notice is that there is no data for 2019-'20. That's because we give the test in the spring of a school year. So in the spring of 2020, schools were shut down due to the pandemic so there was no state test. So we missed one year of testing, but that's really not, that's not really pertinent to this discussion. So the other thing you'll see on here is the green line is the average of the data running through there.   0:10:38.4 JD: And those red lines that are on either side of the data are, some people call them control limits, I call them the lower and upper natural process limit. And they're based on a statistical calculation. They're not where I want the lines to be, they're where they are based on the data. And for those watching, the data points are 54.9% proficient in '15 -'16. The next year in '16 -'17, 63.8% of the third graders were proficient. In '17 -'18, 61.2% were proficient. In '18 -'19, 66.7% were proficient. In 2021, er, 2020 -'21, kind of dipped down to 51.9%. Then in '21 -'22, 59.8% of the third graders were proficient. And then in our most recent year, 62.3% of kids were proficient.   0:11:35.3 AS: So out of all those points, let's just say a high of about roughly 70% and a low of a little bit higher than 50%.   0:11:45.5 JD: Yeah. Yep. Yep. So the low was like, I think 59%. I can look back. Low was 54.9%, the high was 66.7%.   0:11:57.5 AS: Okay.   0:12:00.3 JD: And that works out to about an average of 60% across that seven-year time period.   0:12:08.3 AS: And when we talked about the 80%, is that 80% related to these test results?   0:12:13.7 JD: Sure. Yep.   0:12:13.8 AS: This is what the state is saying it should be?   0:12:18.1 JD: So the state says that in any individual school building, in any individual school system, and so as a result, in the state as a whole, 80% of third graders should meet the proficiency benchmark, basically. So in the state, on average, across the state, when you look at all the third graders, 80% of the kids are not at proficiency. It's lower than that year in and year out across the last seven years. And I should say I picked the starting point as 2015-'16, that was the first year of a brand new test. So it's really a new testing system as of that year. And then it stayed pretty consistent in terms of what the kids are being asked to do. Prior to that, the test was a different format. So it was sort of like a different system.   0:13:04.6 AS: And this is from all schools, so it's Ohio, it's not your school?   0:13:09.6 JD: Right. So this is all Ohio public schools.   0:13:12.9 AS: Okay.   0:13:13.9 JD: Yep. Which are required to give the state test once a year. So, like I said, beginning with this spring 2016 testing season, Ohio began administering this new state test, which is why I started with 2015- '16. And that's where the data starts. So again, schools need to have at least 80% of their students score proficient or higher in each tested area, including reading. So what we're doing here is sort of looking at that first condition. We're trying to figure out what's the capability of this third grade reading testing system. And when I say system, I'm literally talking about everything that could impact third grade reading test scores.   0:14:00.4 JD: Now, I mean, you could almost make an infinite list, but I'm talking about the actual students in Ohio public schools, the third graders themselves, their teachers, the various reading curricula that's being used in schools, technology related to reading programming, supplemental materials, the schools themselves, how the schools themselves are organized. And you can go on and on about any number of in-school and out-of-school variables that might impact a third graders performance on a state test.   0:14:37.2 AS: And I think about resources like between schools and parents and teachers and administrators, everybody's putting forward... Putting forth resources to try to get to this.   0:14:46.9 JD: Yep. The reading standards themselves, the reading test, that's all a part of the third grade reading system. And basically, for those that are viewing the video or heard the description, the capability is outlined in the process behavior chart. I mean, that's literally what the process behavior chart doing. It's, it's, it's visualizing the capability of that third grade reading system. So one thing that's pretty clear when you look at this seven years worth of data is that it's very unlikely that the state of Ohio is incapable of hitting that 80% mark. Now, seven years of data is not 20 years of data, but we, in none of the seven years that have occurred have we gotten anywhere close to that 80% mark. So that's one thing we can see.   0:15:39.9 AS: Sorry, what was the conclusion that you just said?   0:15:42.8 JD: Well, we're, we can see from the data here, even though it's only seven data points, which is something to work with, but it's not 20 data points, it's not 25 data points but it's pretty likely that the third grade reading system, that we're incapable as a state of hitting 80%...   0:16:00.9 AS: Okay, so the capability of the system, the goal of the, of the state representatives that set the 80% seems to be slightly outside of the capability of the system.   0:16:14.4 JD: I'd say more than slightly.   0:16:15.8 AS: More than slightly. 0kay.   0:16:16.9 JD: Yeah, I'd say it likely... I would go as far to say, I try to talk scientifically so it's, we are likely incapable of hitting that 80% mark as a state.   0:16:26.5 AS: Okay. Got it.   0:16:27.7 JD: Not impossible.   0:16:29.0 AS: That's point number one.   0:16:30.5 JD: Yeah, well, and these red natural process limits actually tell us what we could expect from this particular system based on what we've seen so far. So those process limits, kind of way to think about them is as you get more data points, especially as you get 20, 24 data points, they sort of start to solidify. So an individual data point has less of an impact on the limits. So I would call them a little bit soft right now, an individual data point kind of could have an outsized impact because we don't have tons of data but what these red lines are telling us is that our reading system, this third grade reading system is capable of hitting rates somewhere between 41%, where that lower line is, and 79%, where that upper line is.   0:17:19.8 JD: That's why I say that the 80% is unlikely, rather than impossible. It's technically within the capabilities of this system as illustrated by this process behavior chart. But based on the way the limits are constructed, the limits come from the data itself, how the data, not only the magnitude of the individual data points, but it's also taking into account the point to point variation. So time is an important factor in that formula that's used to calculate the limits. And so based on how the limit is constructed, there's about a 3 in 1000 chance that we would hit that 80% mark. So that's why I say...   0:18:03.4 AS: So you're saying there's a chance?   [laughter]   0:18:06.5 JD: Very unlikely, very unlikely, right? So that's capability, that, this, that's sort of looking at the chart and talking about how capable is our system. The next thing we want to look at... Well, the last thing you could say is that that 60% average across those seven years is a pretty good descriptor, especially as you look at where the dots fall, some above, some below, that's a pretty good descriptor of the overall capability of the system, that's 60% proficiency.   0:18:37.6 AS: Right.   0:18:39.3 JD: So the second thing we'll take a look at is using the chart to understand the variation in our system. So again, we have seven data points. We just mentioned that they're bouncing around this average of 60%. And actually with seven data points, you have three that are below the line and four that are above. So about as even as you could be between how many points are below the line, how many points are above the line. So if you describe the year to year test results starting back in '15-'16, they increase and then decrease and then increase and then decrease and then increase and then increase again, a little bit in that last of the seven years.   0:19:27.8 JD: So when you look at the data, there's no sort of signals in those patterns that indicate that the increases or decreases are of significance. So in the Deming language, probably most people aren't familiar with the "common cause" language, but basically it's just saying that the thousands of variables that impact these test results are part of a common cause system. Just like, they're bouncing around, but the bouncing around is not meaningful. But what actually happens is, you know, inevitably when people describe these results, they'll pick two years. Let's say they look at, well, let's even say they look at the last three years and people will say, "Oh, we've increased the third grade reading test scores 'cause they went up a little bit from 2021 to 2022 to 2023."   0:20:19.5 JD: But again, the increases are meaningless when you're viewing this through the sort of understanding variation, knowledge about variation Deming lens. So, but again, even though seven data points isn't a lot of data, it's pretty clear from what we see so far that that, setting that 80% goal, holding schools and school systems accountable from a state perspective, it's not having any impact on the outcome of this third grade reading system. So that's what I mean to connect back to this goal setting is often an act of desperation. It's a hope and a dream that 80% of kids in this system are gonna meet this proficiency standard. It's just not happening by setting a goal.   0:21:10.2 AS: Right.   0:21:15.4 JD: The third thing is looking at stability. So we want to know if the results are predictable in this particular system. So the thing to think about here is if the system is in fact predictable, it means that the results are sort of performing as consistently as the system is capable of making it. And this Ohio third grade reading system is in fact a stable system. So based on these results so far, we can reasonably expect that future results will continue to bounce around this current average. That's just what's gonna happen. So the results might be a little bit below the average, maybe they'll remain a little bit above the average, but in all likelihood, unless something else of significance changes, this is what we can expect from this system. Now...   0:22:13.1 AS: And for some people that may not totally understand the Deming lens, point number two and point number three may be a bit confusing because you're thinking, what's the variation of the system? Well, doesn't the variation of the system also tell you if the data is stable? How would you describe the difference in those two points?   0:22:39.9 JD: Well, it's stable because there's no patterns in the data that signify instability. So there are different sets of patterns that different organizations like Western Electric had a set of patterns that they sort of established because that's sort of where these charts were invented. The Institute for Healthcare Improvement has a set of rules that they use. They are big in training and using control charts. I sort of, my basic approach is to try to keep things as simple as possible. So I default to Donald Wheeler who wrote a book literally called Understanding Variation among many others on using these charts and interpreting these charts. But he basically says, and I sort of have adopted this idea of just three simple rules that I look for.   0:23:29.0 JD: So I look for a single point outside of the red lines, either above or below that's so unexpected, that's a significant pattern, just one data point. I'll also look for three out of four that are closer to one of the red lines than they are to that average green line. And the other big thing I look for is eight successive data points that are on either side of that average line. So if a single point is outside either the upper or the lower limit, that's a pretty high magnitude chance that there is something very different going on now in your system. The eight points in a row is sort of like a moderate but sustained indication that something has changed in either direction. But in this case, we have a stable system. There's no patterns in the data that suggest instability.   0:24:33.0 JD: So it's good in the sense that the system is predictable. And so, let's say I sort of would then try something new, an intervention of some kind, and then look to see what happens. I know at the outset of the experiment that it was a stable system and I can be relatively assured that it's the thing that I introduced that brought about the change. But stability should not be an indication of good, necessarily. You can have a stable but unsatisfactory system, which is how I would describe this particular system. It's stable, meaning it's predictable based on what we see so far, but it's also unacceptable that 40%, two out of five kids are not proficient on the third grade reading test.   0:25:30.1 AS: The good news is your cancer is stable, the bad news is you have cancer.   0:25:33.4 JD: Your cancer is stable, right. It's the cancer is stable, but maybe not growing. How about that analogy?   0:25:39.5 AS: Yeah.   0:25:41.2 JD: Yeah. So we have a stable system but producing less than desirable outcomes. So at that point, the only thing that I can do is work on the design of the system itself. Something about the inputs, something about the throughputs. Maybe I... One big push here in Ohio is to sort of adopt the principles called the science of reading. So teaching reading in a scientific way, like a research-backed way. And so perhaps that's an intervention that could be attempted and Ohio's sort of attempting it. But that sort of everybody getting behind an approach that's been shown to work, that's very different than just setting a goal and then holding educators accountable to the goal.   0:26:26.3 JD: And that's typically what's happening. And when you do that, then you cause frustration. Because if people knew what to do to make things better, then they'd probably do it. So they're being held accountable for something that they maybe don't know how to improve, or maybe they don't have the resources to improve. And so that's why Deming would say "substitute leadership." And that's what he was talking about, leadership towards improvement. And that's a good segue to the last condition, we've mentioned this idea that the 80% goal is beyond the capability of system, so we have to think about methods. By what method then can we improve because this setting a target isn't gonna work. Nothing's changing just because we have this target.   0:27:21.3 JD: And so instead, what happens, and I've seen this my entire career, is that some schools in Ohio regularly surpass this benchmark. Many other schools are nowhere near it. But my sort of a priori hunch, so my pre-testing hunch would be sort of like the overall system, the individual school's third grade reading test results are fairly stable. So what I mean is that low scoring schools stay low scoring, and the high scoring schools stay high scoring. And we sort of admonish the low scoring ones and celebrate the high scoring ones but there are people doing great things in all of those different types of schools.   0:28:14.3 JD: But the fact is, if you took the staff at one high scoring school and put them into a low scoring school, I think you'd be hard pressed to get the same results because so many of the other things that are in place at that high scoring school would not travel just because the staff travels. You know? And so that's, again, where frustration comes in. Then this 80% target really just becomes this sorting mechanism. It's not a roadmap towards improvement and it's literally sorting the schools, the ones that don't hit this benchmark and the ones that do but then you have these other things that happen. What teacher wants to consistently work at a low scoring school when they don't feel like they can do anything else? They can't affect change, what do they...   [chuckle]   0:29:05.3 AS: Have you seen the chart of that school?   0:29:08.4 JD: What did you say?   0:29:09.4 AS: Have you seen the chart of that school you're gonna go work at?   0:29:11.5 JD: Have you seen the chart, and so I'm gonna go work somewhere else that gets all the awards. And so you have this, if anybody studies systems, you have this sort of self-fulfilling thing that the rich get richer, sort of, right? The resources tend to pile up. And so instead what we need to do is think about this last sort of condition, by what method, by what method. Okay, if you're gonna say we're gonna set this 80% goal, by what method can we work together and achieve that? So I brought up one possibility is to sort of implement the science of reading. Now, doing anything as an initiative statewide is very challenging for any number of reasons because the obstacles are gonna be different in different locations that are low scoring.   0:30:02.1 JD: So I don't want to paint the picture that you can just sort of, when people say use evidence-based stuff, well, the evidence-based stuff often doesn't take into account many, many different contextual factors that are important. So I don't want to say there's some silver bullet because there's not. But what I do know is that I think you could argue that having these targets set like this that just sort are not good for anybody. And so maybe they're doing more harm than they are good. And I just want to at least take that into account, because this could work, not only for people working in schools, but also policymakers to think about these things, to at least understand. So if you told me, I've looked at the data for 15 years, I understand the capability of whatever system that is being studied.   0:31:05.8 JD: I understand how the results have shifted up and down over those 15 years, I understand the stability level of those results and I'm still moving forward with the target, I mean, I could accept that a little bit more than just completely arbitrary, but it still sort of begs the question, by what method? Who can do this? So I just think that's... That's really what I'm talking about when I'm saying goal setting is often an act of desperation, that the targets are arbitrary and that this thinking that should underlie this substitution of leadership for just picking targets is really the sort of the approach that we should be looking as, especially systems leaders, school systems or state education system leaders, that type of thing.   0:31:56.4 AS: And for the technical listeners or viewers who want to understand how you calculated the upper and lower natural process limits, maybe you can describe using standard deviation or tell us how you're doing that.   0:32:12.0 JD: Yeah, well, so it's, in this particular type of chart, you can see up here it says X chart, which there's, typically with an X chart, there's another chart below that charts the moving ranges between each successive point. So usually it's two charts together and it's called an XMR chart. Just to simplify things, I just included the X chart, but the XMR chart is sort of like the Swiss army knife of charts, meaning that it basically works with any type of data. It doesn't need to be normalized, as long as it's data that occurs over time. Now, people have strong opinions that that's not the case, but again, I sort of follow the teachings of Donald Wheeler and that's sort of his take on things and I you know, I've subscribed to that.   0:33:00.2 JD: But basically what the chart is doing is it's looking at each data point and it's using the moving range along with some scaling factors that were sort of invented by Walter Shewhart 100 years ago and then refined over time by statisticians like Deming to develop the formula. So it's not standard deviation. Your standard deviation doesn't take into account time. Standard deviation is the distance from the mean, but it's a sort of a static measurement. Whereas this is taking into account not only the variability, but also the time that variability occurred. So that's the key...   0:33:46.6 AS: In other words, if you had a process where you had 20 years and you've made a significant shift in the way you're doing things, if you were calculating a standard deviation based upon the whole data set, you would be using a data set that's really not reflecting the behavior of the system now...   0:34:08.5 JD: That's right.   0:34:10.5 AS: As opposed to sort of a rolling style or using the most recent periods as what you should be using to set the control limits.   0:34:20.1 JD: Yeah, that's right. So I think, yeah, so the big factor is the process behavior chart, the XMR chart, takes into account the point-to-point differences and standard deviation doesn't take time and how the changes occurred over time into account in terms of that calculation.   0:34:40.3 AS: Okay, so let's just wrap up.   0:34:41.4 JD: And I should say someone smarter than me on these should definitely fact check me on that, but I think I have the basics right.   0:34:49.5 AS: I have to admit that you got me thinking about one of the goals I've been setting for admissions into my Valuation Masterclass bootcamp and is what I'm pushing for something beyond what the system's capable of? And so while you were speaking, I was gathering my data and playing around and thinking about it in relation to what you're thinking because I definitely understand point number four, by what method, that we have to think about new methods or else we're gonna get the same result. But I also can say that I didn't understand the number one capability of the system 'cause I didn't have a control chart on it. Now I do as a result of this conversation. And so I challenge anybody out there that's listening or viewing, it's time to make your control chart.   0:35:38.6 AS: The second thing is I had an intuitive feel for what was the variation of the system but when I look at the chart now, it's much bigger than what I had thought. So I can see, in fact, yeah. And then number three is, is the data stable? And I just kept it simple, for my data points I just used standard deviation. And what I found from my upper and lower control limits is that I have one data point that broke through the upper 1 standard deviation line and also the upper 2 standard deviation line. And there was something very unique that I did at that time that we stopped doing for good or bad, but at least I can attribute that to a specific action.   0:36:31.5 AS: And then the fourth point that you've made, so capability of system number one, number two, what is the variation of the system? Number three, is the data stable? And number four, by what method? Of course, that to me is the whole key, once we've got, I think most people don't understand points one, two, and three about their system that they're trying to get a goal out of. But then by what method is really hard. I mean, we've been doing it this way, now... And it's not producing the result that we want, so what's the method to get us to the goal that we want? And I think to me, that's a huge challenge.   0:37:08.5 JD: Yeah. And a key to that last point, and maybe a good point to wrap up on, from a Deming lens and thinking about the system of profound knowledge and let's say the understanding of psychology is that in the state accountability system, the by what method goes like this, "By what method are you going to improve?" Right? But in the Deming methodology, it's, "All right guys, by what method are we going to improve these third grade state reading results?" Right?   0:37:37.5 JD: And in that first case, the finger wagging, what do people do? They try to protect their corner. "No, it's not that bad. We improved a little bit." "No, no, no, it's not us, it's them." So all the energy gets put towards trying to sort of write fiction about our results, which we talked about before, versus actually trying to improve things. And that's part of that, why you need all parts of the System of Profound Knowledge, including psychology, to actually bring about improvement with a group of people.   0:38:10.4 AS: So a great place to wrap up, as you're thinking about improving things, instead of saying "by what method" as a command, why not say "by what method" as a question? John, on behalf of everyone at the Deming Institute, I wanna thank you again for the discussion. And for listeners, remember to go to deming.org to continue your journey. And you can find John's book, Win-Win: W. Edwards Deming, the System of Profound Knowledge and the Science of Improving Schools on Amazon.com. This is your host, Andrew Stotz, and I'll leave you with one of my favorite quotes from Dr. Deming, people are entitled to joy in work.

72: FEBRUARY 28, 2024 - Where is the 550-foot-tall black pyramid that can power all of Alaska and Canada?   NEWS HEADLINE: U.S recovered non-human ‘biologics' from UFO crash sites, former intel official says YouTube video: Government Whistleblower Exposes the Alaskan Black Pyramid | Aliens in Alaska https://youtu.be/K33UIjtBwes Interview with Douglas Alan Mutschler from July, 2012 Retired CW2 Commissioned Warrant Officer Counterintelligence US Army - Fort Richardson, Anchorage, Alaska “Chinese Set Off Their Biggest Nuclear Explosion” “distinct outline of a pyramid…in that whited-out area…south of Mt. McKinley” “pyramid..bigger than the one in Egypt”   Son of Western Electric employee sent to investigate pyramid top of pyramid was 150 feet underground, base of pyramid was 700 feet down, making it 550 feet tall some type of power system “had the ability to power all of Alaska and Canada” “more secret than the Manhattan Project”   Interview with Mark Wood, Retired U.S. Navy Captain “flew in a Beaver from Kaltag, AK” “landed on a runway that could handle cargo planes, Telida, UK” “it's probably operating similar to Wardenclyffe Tower…generating electricity and sending it into the atmosphere” “EMI…would cause interference with airplanes…that's how they found it” “their instruments would go haywire” “a large number of planes that have gone missing over the years.” “the pyramid is within 50 miles of Denali” ==== LINKS: Earthfiles YouTube Channel podcast:   https://podcast.earthfiles.com Truth Hunter Season 2:  https://www.gaia.com/earthfiles   Trailer: https://youtu.be/znyrQyZjEBg ==== Earthfiles Books and DVDs: https://www.earthfiles.com/shop A Strange Harvest:    https://www.earthfiles.com/earthfiles-shop/#a-strange-harvest A Strange Harvest 1993:    https://www.earthfiles.com/earthfiles-shop/#a-strange-harvest-1993 An Alien Harvest:    https://www.earthfiles.com/earthfiles-shop/#an-alient-harvest   ===== Contact Linda directly: Email: earthfiles@earthfiles.com Secure ProtonMail: sandiacrest@protonmail.com * ProtonMail is a free, secure, encrypted email service. Mail:  Linda Moulton Howe  P. O. Box 21843  Albuquerque, NM 87154 **Please "Like" and "Subscribe"**   — For more incredible reports on Science, Real X-Files, the Environment and so much more, please visit my site https://www.earthfiles.com/ — Be sure to subscribe to this Earthfiles Channel the official channel for Linda Moulton Howe https://www.youtube.com/Earthfiles. — To stay up to date on everything Earthfiles, follow me on FaceBook @EarthfilesNews and Twitter @Earthfiles.  To purchase books and merchandise from Linda Moulton Howe, be sure to only shop at her official Earthfiles store at https://www.earthfiles.com/shop/ — Countdown Clock Piano Music:  Ashot Danielyan, Composer:  https://www.pond5.com/stock-music/100990900/emotional-piano-melancholic-drama.html

In this episode of The Brainy Business podcast, host Melina Palmer explores the intriguing concept of the Hawthorne Effect and its implications for employee behavior and productivity. Drawing from her wealth of experience in behavioral science, Melina adeptly navigates the significance of monitoring in the workplace, emphasizing the need for transparency and employee involvement. She expertly highlights the benefits and potential drawbacks of monitoring, offering valuable insights into the complexities of human behavior and their implications for businesses.  The episode captures Melina's passion for behavioral design and her dedication to unraveling the multifaceted factors that influence employee performance. Through real-world examples and thought-provoking discussions, Melina compellingly presents the case for why business managers should tune in to gain a deeper understanding of the Hawthorne Effect and its relevance in driving organizational success. With a conversational and engaging tone, Melina invites listeners to join her in exploring the intricacies of employee behavior and its practical implications for business management. In this episode: Improve productivity and behavior with effective monitoring strategies. Uncover the powerful impact of the Hawthorne effect on employee performance. Embrace transparency in monitoring to foster a culture of trust and accountability. Explore the benefits and drawbacks of employee monitoring for informed decision-making. Navigate the complexities of interpreting results to avoid confirmation bias. Show Notes: 00:00:00 - Introduction Melina Palmer introduces the episode and discusses the focus on the Hawthorne Effect, which explores how behavior changes when people know they are being watched or observed. 00:02:07 - The Hawthorne Studies Melina discusses the Hawthorne Studies conducted at Western Electric's Hawthorne location in the 1920s. These studies aimed to understand how changes in worker conditions would impact productivity and were among the first to incorporate worker opinions and mindset into planning processes. 00:04:43 - Factors Influencing Results The experiments at the Hawthorne location showed that providing input and treating workers as human beings with opinions and worth resulted in increased productivity. However, modern researchers have identified that too many factors were being changed simultaneously, and the special treatment given to the group of women also influenced the results. 00:06:53 - Understanding the Hawthorne Effect The Hawthorne Effect states that when people know they are being observed or that an experiment is taking place, it changes their behavior. This can impact the results of experiments and studies. Researchers often hide the true intent of the study to avoid bias caused by participant awareness. 00:10:19 - Avoiding Observer Bias In certain cases, it is important to avoid observer bias by ensuring that people are not aware they are being watched or observed. This is done to obtain a natural view of behavior and prevent participants from altering their actions. Secret shoppers and incognito observation methods are commonly used in these situations. 00:15:47 - The Impact of Monitoring on Workers Monitoring can be helpful in boosting productivity, but it can also make workers feel rushed and stressed. It's important to involve workers in the monitoring process and address their concerns to avoid negative impacts on performance. 00:17:19 - Importance of Involving Workers in Monitoring When monitoring more complex tasks, it's crucial to ask for workers' input and involve them in the process. This helps them understand the reasons behind monitoring and ensures they feel valued and supported. 00:18:14 - Benefits of Monitoring for Security and Behavior Monitoring can deter theft and encourage good behavior. Security cameras can make people act differently when they know they're being watched. However, over-monitoring or constant visits can lead to immunity and reduced impact. 00:19:41 - Avoiding Confirmation Bias and the Hawthorne Effect Researchers should be cautious of confirmation bias and the Hawthorne effect, which can bias results and hinder finding the real problem or solution. Digging deeper and considering motivations and incentives is crucial. 00:21:32 -  Conclusion Melina's top insights from the conversation. What stuck with you while listening to the episode? What are you going to try? Come share it with Melina on social media -- you'll find her as @thebrainybiz everywhere and as Melina Palmer on LinkedIn. Thanks for listening. Don't forget to subscribe on Apple Podcasts or Android. If you like what you heard, please leave a review on iTunes and share what you liked about the show.  I hope you love everything recommended via The Brainy Business! Everything was independently reviewed and selected by me, Melina Palmer. So you know, as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. That means if you decide to shop from the links on this page (via Amazon or others), The Brainy Business may collect a share of sales or other compensation. Let's connect: Melina@TheBrainyBusiness.com The Brainy Business® on Facebook The Brainy Business on Twitter The Brainy Business on Instagram The Brainy Business on LinkedIn Melina on LinkedIn The Brainy Business on Youtube Learn and Support The Brainy Business: Check out and get your copies of Melina's Books.  Get the Books Mentioned on (or related to) this Episode: Behavioral Science in the Wild, by Dilip Soman and Nina Mazar What Your Customer Wants and Can't Tell You, by Melina Palmer A More Beautiful Question, by Warren Berger Both/And Thinking, by Wendy Smith and Marianne Lewis Designing for Behavior Change, by Stephen Wendel Top Recommended Next Episode: Using Ethnography to Understand Your Customers (ep 324) Already Heard That One? Try These:  Dilip Soman Interview (ep 241) Understanding the Problem  (ep 126) How Simple Nudges Can Save Hundreds of Millions (ep 140) Designing for Behavior Change (ep 116) Incentives (ep 36) Confirmation Bias (ep 260) How to Setup Your Own Experiments (ep 63) Time Pressure (ep 74) Priming (ep 252) Focusing Illusion (ep 330) Loss Aversion (ep 316) Ikea Effect (ep 112) Confirmation Bias (ep 260) Other Important Links:  Brainy Bites - Melina's LinkedIn Newsletter Systematic Review of the Hawthorne Effect: New Concepts Are Needed to Study Research Participation Effects The Hawthorne Effect and Behavioral Studies The “Hawthorne Effect” — What Did the Original Hawthorne Studies Actually Show? The Hawthorne Effect – Or Why Everything Works Hemming and Hawing over Hawthorne: Work Complexity and the Divergent Effects of Monitoring on Productivity Hawthorne Effect Hawthorne Studies Podcast Movement Virtual Could You Leverage Podcast Guesting to Grow Your Visibility? Louise Brogan: The Social Bee Ian Anderson Gray

On November 20, 1974, a significant legal event unfolded in the United States with the Department of Justice filing its final antitrust suit against the American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T), marking a pivotal moment in U.S. antitrust history. This lawsuit, United States v. AT&T, stemmed from suspicions in the 1970s by the Federal Communications Commission that AT&T was using monopoly profits from its Western Electric subsidiary to subsidize the costs of its network, an action contrary to U.S. antitrust law. The case, taken over by Judge Harold H. Greene of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia in 1978, culminated in a significant settlement in 1982 through a consent decree between AT&T and the Department of Justice.This settlement led to the 1982 Bell System divestiture, breaking up the old AT&T into seven regional Bell operating companies (RBOCs) and a much smaller new AT&T. This decision not only altered the telecommunications landscape but also set a precedent for antitrust actions in the United States. However, the long-term effects of this landmark case saw a gradual re-consolidation in the industry. By the early 2000s, several of the regional Bell operating companies began to merge. For example:* NYNEX was acquired by Bell Atlantic in 1996, which later became part of Verizon Communications.* Pacific Telesis and Ameritech were acquired by SBC (formerly Southwestern Bell Corporation) in 1997 and 1999, respectively, and ultimately became part of AT&T Inc.* Bell Atlantic merged with GTE in 2000 to form Verizon Communications.* Southwestern Bell Corporation, after rebranding as SBC Communications, acquired AT&T Corporation in 2005 and subsequently renamed itself AT&T Inc., completing a significant reversal of the original divestiture.* BellSouth was also acquired by AT&T Inc. in 2006.* US West was acquired by Qwest in 2000, which was later acquired by CenturyLink (now Lumen Technologies) in 2011.The post-divestiture era saw a surge in competition in the long-distance telecommunications market, with companies like Sprint and MCI emerging as significant players. However, the eventual re-consolidation under giants like AT&T Inc. and Verizon Communications indicates a return to a more concentrated industry structure, albeit not to the same monopoly status that AT&T held before 1984.This historic case and its aftermath are a testament to the dynamic nature of antitrust law and its impact on shaping industries. The initial breakup spurred competition and innovation, but the subsequent re-consolidation raises questions about the lasting effectiveness of such antitrust interventions in rapidly evolving sectors like telecommunications.In Wisconsin, a pivotal legal battle is underway regarding the state's electoral map and the power to modify election laws. The state, known for its extremely close presidential elections, faces a dispute over its legislative districts, which critics argue are gerrymandered to favor Republicans. This gerrymandering allegedly creates a significant GOP advantage in a state that is otherwise politically evenly divided.Democrats are pushing for these district lines to be redrawn before the next elections, citing that the current maps create unequal voter classes and violate state law requiring contiguous districts. The Wisconsin Supreme Court previously upheld the existing maps in 2021, emphasizing minimal changes. This decision solidified the GOP's advantage, established in 2011, in both the state Senate and Assembly districts.The controversy extends beyond redistricting to broader electoral policies. Governor Tony Evers, a Democrat, has vetoed over two dozen election-related bills proposed by the Republican-controlled state legislature, including those aiming to tighten absentee ballot rules and modify the nonpartisan Wisconsin Elections Commission. Additionally, there have been efforts to remove the state's nonpartisan elections commissioner and disputes over voting rules.The case, Clarke v. Wisconsin Elections Comm'n, is set for oral argument and revolves around whether the GOP-favored maps violate the state's separation of powers and whether parts of towns and cities outside districts breach state law. The outcome could mandate the creation of new district lines, impacting future elections in this critical swing state.America's Tightest Swing State Goes to Court for Election PowerDonald Trump's lawyers are set to challenge a gag order in a federal appeals court, which restricts Trump from commenting on certain individuals involved in a criminal case accusing him of trying to illegally overturn his 2020 election defeat. Imposed by U.S. Judge Tanya Chutkan, the order aims to prevent witness influence and threats against officials. Trump, eyeing the 2024 Republican presidential nomination, has criticized the order as a free speech infringement. The order permits criticism of the Justice Department but bars targeting prosecutors, court staff, and potential witnesses. The case, involving charges of conspiring to interfere with the 2020 presidential election results, is scheduled for trial in March 2024. Trump, who has pleaded not guilty, faces similar charges in three other criminal cases.US appeals court to consider Trump gag order in election subversion case | ReutersIn a recent trial in Missouri, Bayer was ordered to pay $1.56 billion in damages related to its Roundup weedkiller. The jury found Bayer's Monsanto business liable for negligence, design defects, and failing to warn about Roundup's dangers. Three plaintiffs, diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and one spouse were awarded substantial compensatory and punitive damages. This verdict follows a series of court losses for Bayer, intensifying shareholder pressure to revise its legal approach. Despite Bayer's insistence on Roundup's safety, backed by studies and recent EU approvals, the company faces about 50,000 pending claims and has previously settled thousands of similar cases.Bayer ordered to pay $1.56 billion in latest US trial loss over Roundup weedkiller | ReutersElon Musk, CEO of X (formerly known as Twitter), threatened legal action against Media Matters and others, accusing them of misrepresenting his platform and damaging its advertising revenue. This follows a series of ad suspensions by major companies like IBM and Disney, due to ads appearing alongside antisemitic content on X. Musk's endorsement of an antisemitic post on X drew criticism, including from the White House. Media Matters labeled Musk a "bully" for his lawsuit threat. This controversy comes amid increasing antisemitism in the U.S. and Musk's history of threatened legal actions, such as against the Anti-Defamation League, which he hasn't pursued.Elon Musk, under fire, threatens lawsuit against media watchdog | Reuters Get full access to Minimum Competence - Daily Legal News Podcast at www.minimumcomp.com/subscribe

The Western states have seen their share of challenges in recent years when it comes to electric reliability – with rolling blackouts in California, extreme drought and wildfires, and political differences across a broad geographic expanse. The North American Electric Reliability Corporation included the region on its watch list for areas that could experience electric shortages this summer should temperatures spike. We check in with Scott Miller, Executive Director of the Western Power Trading Forum, to hear what's unique about America's frontier, what's ahead this summer for the region's power grid, and how efforts to enhance reliability, cost savings, and emissions reductions by expanding organized power markets are progressing.

NM's Supreme court weighs in on PNM merger. It will consider the merger itself, not the new PRC. The massive California snowpack could alleviate electricity woes on the Western grid at least temporarily thanks to a boost in hydro-power.  A recent blog from Cato Institute notes that national transit ridership remains depressed and is likely to remain so. Meanwhile, the ABQ Journal decries free buses' role in facilitating crime. Ford loses $66,446 for every EV it sells.  Will ABQ become a “shanty town” if Mayor Keller gets his way?  The proposed interim nuclear storage facility in SE New Mexico has been approved. Meanwhile the ABQ Journal editorial board recently called out MLG & the Congressional delegation for opposing the facility.  

Your weekly source for locksport news and sometimes interviews. Full show notes, including links, can be found at http://www.thelocksportscast.com  In this week’s episode: The Locky Award winners LPUbelts.com status Lockpicking games First pick of a 6 row 20 pin KABA Abus Touch 57 Series bypass The Quick Crack Cracking the Roosevelt Safe and other Videos New products Events Meetups Sales Giveaways and more Announcements: Corrections: News: Deadbolt lock with key may have trapped couple who died in Magnolia fire, chief says Shelby Township police warn of lockbox scam - CBS Detroit  Community News: Locky Award winners [200] KABA Miwa 6 row 20 pin (Orion maybe) picked and gutted (first public?) Any update on the membership system : r/Toool LPUbelts.com 60 Day Report : r/lockpicking Hey ABUS fans!! We need your help filling in images for the Belt Explorer! : r/lockpicking Lockpicking games, a thread Scams Abound : r/lockpicking Lucky to be alive  A few words about my absence.... Videos: 932 ABUS GRANIT VICTORY 39 PLUS GANZUADO CON GANZÚA CASERA sub eng Showing Tallan Pick's DD pick. Parkside (Lidl) disc detainer lock picked Explaining the method to pick the Western Electric 30c [104] Abus Touch 57 Series - Bypassed (non destructive) [105] Abus Touch 57 series bypass explained Safe Cracking Tutorial - The Quick Crack Cracking the Roosevelt Safe - Amazing history within  Blogs & Articles:  Other Resources: LockPickingLookup The Locksport Network Directory  Products:  Multipick ARES Opening System is the all-round unlocker for disc detainer locks Kwikset Smart Key Decoder LTKSD2.0 SC1 INTRO SmartKey Decoder 2.0 (LTKSD2-SC1) - by LockTech The FNG – Covert Instruments The Arbiter Bypass Kit – Covert Instruments PAC Lock 900A Cutaway – Covert Instruments Meetups/Sales/Giveaways/Contests: The Lock Sportscast - News  LPU Karate Belts: beltranking - lockpicking (reddit.com)  Mentorship Monday 3: The Belt System  2: Breaking Rules and Getting the Belt  All About The Lockpicking Belt Rankings System  LPU Belt Explorer Lock Stories: Emergency Call: Criminals: Executive Producers: Founding Executive Producers: Panda-Frog Michael Gilchrist Starrylock WilliamsBrain  Dave 2BDCy4D Liibans Locksport Journey Pat from Uncensored Tactical  threeraccoonsinacoat  Chirael (Anthony) Associate Executive Producers: DoctorHogmaster Clayton Howard (Kewltune) Co-Producers: m0g Ratyoke MrPickur CrankyLockPicker Bare Bones Lock Picking Snake Paracentric John R Chief Content Producer: Chirael (Anthony) Content Producers: Arichoke2000 Bare Bones Lock Picking Dr Hogmaster Dwig I fisk I'm Gumby Joshua Gonzalez Lady Locks Mishra OpenLock Pocket Women Pyrolock Reinder Taquila Dave TheGreenishOne Tony Virelli Contact Information: Email: podcast@thelocksportscast.com Twitter https://twitter.com/charlescurrent  Reddit: currentc57 on r/locksport Discord: Lockpickers United as Current, Extraordinary League of Pickers as Current, The Lock Sportscast as Current Join the Discord at http://discord.thelocksportscast.com The Lock Sportscast on Odysee The Lock Sportscast on Rumble  Donate: http://paypal.thelocksportscast.com https://patreon.com/thelocksportscast https://www.subscribestar.com/thelocksportscast 

Your weekly source for locksport news and sometimes interviews.Full show notes, including all links, and the audio-only podcast can be found athttps://www.thelocksportscast.com/143In this week's episode:00:00 - Start00:08 - In this episode01:10 - ASSA ABLOY settlement01:44 - Deadly deadbolts02:44 - Lockbox scam04:03 - Locky Award winners07:54 - First pick of a 6 row KABA08:24 - TOOOL US updates09:29 - LPUbelts.com 60 Day Report10:44 - Need images for the Belt Explorer11:19 - Lockpicking games12:12 - Scams Abound13:21 - Lucky to be alive14:01 - Lock Picking Legend absence14:34 - Tallon Pick's DD pick15:42 - how to pick the Western Electric 30c16:18 - Abus Touch 57 Series bypass17:04 - The Quick Crack17:38 - Cracking the Roosevelt Safe18:26 - Products22:33 - Resources24:04 - Events/Meetups25:34 - LPU belts26:17 - Producer credit break29:50 - Locked out of my house31:16 - Sales33:20 - Giveaways33:50 - ClosingContact Informationhttp://contact.thelocksportscast.com/Join the Discord at http://discord.thelocksportscast.comDonate at:http://paypal.thelocksportscast.comhttps://patreon.com/thelocksportscasthttps://www.subscribestar.com/thelocksportscast Meetups/Sales/Giveaways/Contests:https://www.thelocksportscast.com/news Credits:Executive Producers:Founding Executive Producers:Panda-Frog https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmIqJOrfQr8NTEDrOU2lF3QMichael Gilchrist https://www.youtube.com/user/norlin76Starrylock https://www.youtube.com/c/Starrylock_LocksportWilliamsBrain https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRGmm9FQqF6HMu9-wq9ODSQDave 2BDCy4D https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0X0TTCPK5kBRY3yDu40EKgLiibans Locksport Journey https://www.youtube.com/user/CODNuubster Pat from Uncensored Tactical https://uncensoredtactical.com/threeraccoonsinacoat https://youtube.com/channel/UCMjGnC1m9XlN_X8OHVwxphQChirael https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwPTxD1-2PPgmi6ATOJKlUw Associate Executive Producers:DoctorHogmasterClayton Howard (Kewltune)Co-Producers:m0gRatyokeMrPickurCrankyLockPickerBare Bones Lock PickingSnakeParacentricJohn RChief Content Producer:ChiraelContent Producers:Arichoke2000Bare Bones Lock PickingDr HogmasterDwigI fiskI'm GumbyJoshua GonzalezLady LocksMishraOpenLockPocket WomenPyrolockReinderTaquila DaveTheGreenishOneTony VirelliThe Lock Sportscast on Odyseehttps://odysee.com/@thelocksportscasst:3 The Lock Sportscast on Rumblehttps://rumble.com/c/c-2031421...https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zP000D6KyTk

En este episodio desarrollamos el tema del El Efecto Hawthorne el cual surgió de un fenómeno observado en la fábrica Hawthorne de la empresa Western Electric en la década de 1920, donde se descubrió que los trabajadores mejoraban su rendimiento cuando se les brindaba una atención especial e independientemente de las condiciones laborales específicas. (El Efecto Hawthorne todavía vigente en la gestión de equipos de trabajo). Los líderes pueden utilizar el conocimiento del efecto Hawthorne para comprender que la atención y el reconocimiento que brindan a sus empleados pueden influir positivamente en su desempeño. Sin embargo, el efecto Hawthorne no es una solución mágica para mejorar el rendimiento del equipo, y se requieren otros factores, como una cultura organizacional sólida y recursos adecuados.Tertulia de Guias Podcast. Recuerda seguirnos en:Tertulia de Guias Podcast Plataformashttps://linktr.ee/IrresponsePreguntas & Sugerencias de TemasLinkedinhttps://www.linkedin.com/company/tertulia-de-guias-podcastFacebookTertulia de Guias PodcastTwitterhttps://twitter.com/GuiasPodcastOvercasthttps://overcast.fm/itunes1529025205/tertulia-de-guias-podcastStitcherhttps://www.stitcher.com/show/tertulia-de-guias-podcastBuzzsprout Directoryhttps://www.buzzsprout.com/1304869 

Merrimack Valley Credit Union members are being asked to vote in about two weeks to approve a merger with RTN Federal Credit Union.Members will cast votes at a special meeting to approve the merger and update the bylaws to reflect RTN's field of membership, which covers those who “reside, work or attend school in Worcester County…and immediate family members.” Merrimack Valley Credit Union President and CEO John J. Howard, appearing last week on WHAV's “Win for Breakfast” program, said there have been many credit union mergers over the years within the industry and involving Merrimack Valley Credit Union.“What happens is we become part of our family tree. Unified is a part of our family tree. Ocean Spray Credit Union is a part of our family tree. Merrimack College Credit Union is a part of our tree. Lawrence Postal Employees Credit Union is a part of our tree. So, there are multiple credit unions that make up the family tree of what our credit union is today,” he explained.Howard formerly led Bridgewater Credit Union and became president and CEO of both institutions following a 2019 merger.The current merger plan is recommended by Merrimack Valley's board of directors. Following member and regulatory approval, RTN Treasurer and CEO Richard E. Wright will serve as a special advisor to Howard.Merrimack Valley Credit Union, founded in 1955 to serve employees of the former Merrimack Valley Works of Western Electric, has more than $1.2 billion in assets. There are 10 branches located in Bridgewater, Fairhaven, Haverhill, Lawrence, Methuen, North Andover, Plymouth and Quincy in Massachusetts and Plaistow and Seabrook in New Hampshire. Following the merger, there will be 19 branches.Howard said credit unions are owned by its members and membership qualifications vary based on a credit unions' charter.“Different types of charters that different credit unions have: There's a geographic charter which is what Merrimack Valley's charter is. There is a SEG which is a specific employer group. For example RTN, started out with Raytheon and that's how they began their process,” he said.The merger vote takes place Wednesday, March 29, between noon and 6 p.m., at Merrimack Valley Credit Union's main office, 500 Merrimack St., in Lawrence. Only those members appearing person may cast a ballot.Support the show

On July 24th, 1915, the SS Eastland rolled on its side in the Chicago River, just 19 feet from the dock, killing 844 people. The ship, along with 4 others were scheduled to transport over 7000 employees of the Western Electric company to a fun-filled day at the company's annual outing. Paul Durica, Director of Exhibitions at the Chicago History Museum joins me.For show notes, photos, and sources, please visit https://www.shipwrecksandseadogs.com/blog/2022/12/13/the-ss-eastland/.

Ed Stanley, a former engineer for AT&T, Bell Laboratories, and Western Electric joins Lisa Dent to explain how to properly dispose of your smoke detectors and why it’s important for you to recycle them. Follow The Lisa Dent Show on Twitter:Follow @LisaDentSpeaksFollow @SteveBertrand Follow @kpowell720 Follow @maryvandeveldeFollow @LaurenLapka

Manufacturers Representative Larry Wallman asks why Indiana has not attracted electronics businesses, having lost more than 120,000 jobs since the days of Western Electric, RCA, Regency, Mallory, and more.  One answer:  "we have told them we do not want them."

L'intégralité de la programmation de la 7e édition du Festival HOP POP HOP est arrivée ! Le vendredi 16 et samedi 17 septembre 2022, le centre-ville d'Orléans accueille pas moins de 38 artistes, pour un instantané de la scène émergente française et internationale. Réécoutez l'émission spéciale Hop Pop Hop : Matthieu Duffaud, le programmateur du festival, nous dévoile la programmation ! Radio Campus a repéré pour vous quelques pépites de la prog : W!zard, groupe de noise rock de Bordeaux proposé par Le Bouillon. Le kraut rock hypnotique et répétitif, fait par quatre musiciens aux masques poilus et aux instruments bricolés de Why The Eye ? Uzi Freyja et son rap conscient inquiétant et ultra bouncy. Coco Em : artiste multifacette kenyane qui a sorti « Kilumi Ep » chez In Finé, fusion musicale , art engagé. Protomartyr, groupe de post punk ultra réaliste de Detroit, tant dans ses paroles anxiogènes et dépitées que dans le son sous influence des précurseurs du punk bruitiste emblématique du Michigan. Lent (free noise jazz rock, écriture poétique et prosaïque sensible et exaltée) présenteront leur nouvel album « Au Galop » qui sortira le 16 septembre tricollection/araki rds. Tramhaus post punk de rotterdam proposé par PP&M, et Avalanche Kaito rencontre entre le chant griot burkinabé de Kaito Winse et de la noise bruxelloise de Benjamin Chaval et Nico Gotto. sort un album chez Glitterbeat en juin 2022. La création de cette édition : Transmission En 2019, Hop Pop Hop dressait un pont avec la Nouvelle Orléans en accueillant une Western Electric issue de son Music Box Village. En collaboration avec les Rockomotives, un groupe est né pour une création sous contrainte autour de cette drôle de cabine téléphonique hybride entre sculpture et instrument de musique, composé de Johan Guillon (Ez3kiel), Lionel Laquerrière (Geysir) et James P Honey (Buriers), Transmission. Un album arrive le 19 août avant du live à Hop Pop Hop ! Le samedi, Radio Campus investit le Théâtre avec INDIE-RE ! Partenaires depuis la première édition, Radio Campus France et Radio Campus Orléans s'impliquent cette année dans la programmation de Hop Pop Hop pour vous faire découvrir des artistes issus des repérages effectués par les antennes partenaires du programme d'échange radiophonique européen INDIE RE. Radio Student (Slovénie) Radio Corax (Allemagne) Radio Popolare (Italie) et Radio Campus France s'allient pour organiser dans leur contrées émissions de radio, festivals, conférences, résidence de journalistes. LNDFK Linda Feki, italo tunisienne jazz soulful enivrant, élégant, a sorti son EP, Kuni sur Bastard Jazz records, attention c'est extrêmement sensouel. Le plateau radio Campus France / Indie Re au Théâtre, le samedi à partir de 14h : Zouj (Allemagne) dance pop futuriste, expérimentale ou totalement groovy, Pantaloons (slovénie) fanfare free jazz, hip hop groove. James the Prophet (fr) rap prodige, entouré de musiciens. Infos : www.radiocampus.fr https://www.hoppophop.fr

It's the 91st episode of the Truth About Vintage Amps! We talk about the great tube shortage of 2022, blue molded caps, boutique amps, parenting tips, kale chips and more.  This week's episode is sponsored by Calton Cases, Jupiter Condenser Co., Amplified Parts and Grez Guitars. You can also use the discount code FRET10 to save 10% off your Izotope purchase. Support us on Patreon.com for added content and the occasional surprise. This month, we're giving away an amp kit to one lucky patron!  Some of the topics discussed this week: 1:48 O.W. Appleton and the APP guitar (link)  7:09 Should we be freaking out about the 2022 vacuum tube shortage? Western Electric getting into guitar tubes (survey link) 19:50 An Australian PA amp with EF86s; when did solid state rectification begin?; For The Term of His Natural Life, by Marcus Clarke; congee 26:22 Hab Spicy Sweet Soy Sauce (link) 26:46 Blue molded caps in a Tweed Deluxe clone   31:00 Changing the voltage dropping resistors in a Silverface Champ where the B+ is super high 34:27 Extending the leads of pots and a jack so that you can fit an amp inside a vintage radio cabinet 37:18 The remote controls on old Bogen PA heads 45:39 Pedal steel amplifiers, redux; Fender Tweed Pro; beer bread 48:59 A pause for others who know what they're doing: Earl Yarrow, Terry Dobbs, Jeff Bakos; a shout out to the USPS 53:44 Working with a transformer that doesn't have a filament center cap; RIP El Charritos Building a 5F2A vs. a AA764 1:03:16 Thanks to Kevin in Ohio; the TAVA Patreon Page (link) 1:03:57 Why are boutique amps so expensive, revisited; point-to-point wiring versus turret board; CW Stoneking's Gon' Boogaloo  1:12:16 Baked kale chips; Irish colcannon; skillet Brussels sprouts; carrots in garlic oil 1:17:30  What's the deal with the 1955 Les Paul Jr. amplifier; making room for filter caps 1:20:17 Taming a Fender Champ; more parenting tips; Song Exploder ("Closing Time" episode link) 1:30:46 More book recommendations? Geoff Farina of Karate 1:39:57 Skip's Music Master bass... sold; K + M Chocolate (link) 1:42:25 What happens to your guitar signal when you split it with a Y cord? Voltage amplifier or cathode follower; Donny Hathaway ("Jealous Guy" on YouTube); 6CM6 tubes 1:47:19 What to do with a 1967 Kodak Pageant movie projector? Jimmy Smith & Wes Montgomery's 'Dynamic Duo', The Meters; Trustee From the Toolroom; Fluke TL71 Premium Test lead set; Marcella Hazan's tomato sauce "the tweed Champ of pasta sauce" (recipe link) 1:57:57 Skip has a McIntosh MR71 tube tuner for sale; independent radio; the Heptones "I've Been Trying" (YouTube link) Haven't joined the Fretboard Journal yet? Use the discount code PODCAST and save $5 off your next Fretboard Journal order. 

Main event starts @1hour 13min mark!The Pirates are back with week four of Pirate con all in support of Lesser Known Comics! Check out their website and pick up something new today!Dirty Laundry we talk about Jim's round 2 with SlipKnot, confirm the bi phase sound demo for next week and a little more....This day in we discuss the crazy passing of Foo Fighters Drummer Taylor Hawkins...R.I.P.For our Mean Beard of the week we honor Taylor and all his iterations of the awesome mustache he possessed...Jim's Metal Minute in honor of our comic book month Jim brings up the time SpiderMan Ate his family... BRUTAL!!!New is full to the Brim with John Mayer Quote about Jim Root, A Eric Clapton LP up for auction, Western Electric making more tubes?, Joe Elliot speaks, and more!G.A.S. this week... Jim has a dean and Jonesy lusts over the new Space Echo RE-202!Your Main event this week I sit down with Lesser Known Comics artist, writer, and art director.... Charlie Ragnarok!!!This woman is so Rad! Check her out on instagram, buy her comics on lesser known, hit her up for a commission, support this woman! We talk about what it takes to stand out in a male driven job, her creativity, true life stories and more!Congrats Charlie for being the first Female on the Show!!!Thank you all for listening and the support!!!greenbeardgrooming.commeanbeard.comanalogpedals.comMidnights Haberdashery anywhere on social media...Thank you to all our sponsors... Your support means more than you'll ever know... Thank you all!!!   Thank you Lesser Known  Comics!

Hi friends. Hank and Dave recorded this week's episode before Taylor Hawkins' passing; however, we did review Dream Widow's new record (it slams) so we got to honor him in that way. RIP Taylor Hawkins.Otherwise, this was a big gear week as Taylor Guitars was named one of the top ten innovative manufacturers in the world, so obviously we needed to talk about why.Also discussed: Strum Perfect, Mattoverse Electronics' Solar Sound sun-powered pedal, Line 6 updating the DL4, the new Boss RE-202 Space Echo, Gibson partnering with Triumph motorcycles, UA Ukraine updates and Spark tease, Western Electric making guitar tubes, Trini Lopez deals, Alex Lifeson's upcoming auction, NAMM updates, and Gibson's 1967 Factory Tour.The Craftory.

In this week's CatPick Fridays episode Rich and Vlad discuss the Line6 DL4 MK II release, the BOSS RE-2 and RE-202 releases, Gibson Theodore, Fender JV Series Reissue 80's Japanese models, Ernie Ball Music Man Spring 2022 guitars, Sterling by Music Man 2022 models, Tosin Abasi teasing a new electric nylon 7 string guitar, new Harley Benton acoustic guitars, a US manufacturer possibly getting into guitar tube making game and check out an interesting video from Phil McKnight about the Yamaha Revvstar. CatPick Fridays can be found both on YouTube and Apple Podcasts and Spotify. CatPick Studios Merch (use the code 'PODCAST' for -20% off of any purchace): https://catpick-studios-store.creator-spring.com/ Rich. Words. Music: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCbNnXraM9oHWWBACNS07DMw Line6 DL 4 MK II: https://geargods.net/news/line-6-revisits-classic-dl4-pedal-with-dl4-mkii/ BOSS RE-2: https://www.boss.info/global/products/re-2/ BOSS RE-202: https://www.boss.info/global/products/re-202/ Gibson Theodore: https://geargods.net/news/gibson-reaches-deep-for-1957-ted-mccarty-created-theodore-guitar/ Fender JV Series 80' Reissue: https://geargods.net/news/fenders-new-jv-series-reissues-80s-japanese-models/ Music Man Spring 2022 Lineup: https://www.music-man.com/bfr/spring-2022 Sterling By Music Man 2022: https://www.gearnews.com/sterling-by-music-man-2022-stingray-mariposa-majesty-and-more/ Tosin Abasi Electric Nylon 7-string: https://geargods.net/news/tosin-abasi-shows-off-new-electric-nylon-7-string/ Harley Benton Acoustics: https://guitar.com/news/gear-news/harley-benton-expands-acoustic-range-with-hybrid-grand-auditorium-and-parlor-models/ US Tubes?: https://guitar.com/news/industry-news/russian-vacuum-tube-crisis-us-hifi-brand-western-electric-branching-guitar-tubes/ Is There An Amplifier In The New Yamaha Revvstar?: https://youtu.be/rNK5Rm9INd8 Rich's Revvstar Demo: https://youtu.be/zJVQVsed-Vw 00:00 Intro 03:15 The Line 6 DL4 MKII is officially here 13:01 The Boss RE-2 and RE-202 Space Echo units are also out 23:03 Gibson Theodore 29:01 Fender JV Series reissues 80s Japanese models 33:27 New Ernie Ball Music Man Spring 2022 limited guitars: Valentine “Carmelo”, Short Scale Stingray “Bombshell” Bass, Luke III “Woody”, Albert Lee “Ghost In The Shell” 40:40 Sterling by Music Man 2022 models: Stingray, Mariposa, Majesty, Cutlass, Axis, Majesty and more 46:43 Abasi Concepts 7-string electric nylon fan fret 7-string 49:05 Harley Benton expands its acoustic range: new hybrid, grand auditorium and parlor models 52:06 Guitar tube crisis: US hi-fi brand Western Electric considers branching out into guitar tubes 56:05 Weekend Watch: there is a transformer in the new Yamaha Revstar guitars! Phil McKnight's new video 1:02:09 See you next time and guessing what gear is being released next week

For the Learn Guide https://learn.adafruit.com/rotary-phone-dial-keypad/ Rotary pulses from the Model 500 Western Electric telephone are read by the Kee Boar KB2040 running CircuitPython and converting to USB HID keypresses! Non-destructive, fully reversible phone mod. Visit the Adafruit shop online - http://www.adafruit.com ----------------------------------------- LIVE CHAT IS HERE! http://adafru.it/discord Adafruit on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/adafruit Subscribe to Adafruit on YouTube: http://adafru.it/subscribe New tutorials on the Adafruit Learning System: http://learn.adafruit.com/ -----------------------------------------

Rotary pulses from the Model 500 Western Electric telephone are read by the Kee Boar KB2040 running CircuitPython and converting to USB HID keypresses! Non-destructive, fully reversible phone mod. Learn Guide Coming Soon. Visit the Adafruit shop online - http://www.adafruit.com ----------------------------------------- LIVE CHAT IS HERE! http://adafru.it/discord Adafruit on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/adafruit Subscribe to Adafruit on YouTube: http://adafru.it/subscribe New tutorials on the Adafruit Learning System: http://learn.adafruit.com/ -----------------------------------------

21 Tháng 1 Là Ngày Gì? Hôm Nay Là Sinh Nhật Của Cầu Thủ Công Phượng SỰ KIỆN 1875 – Ngân hàng Đông Dương (Banque de I'Indochine, viết tắt là BIC) được thành lập tại Paris theo sắc lệnh của Tổng thống Pháp Patrice de Mac-Mahon. 1976 – British Airways và Air France tiến hành các chuyến bay thương mại lịch trình đầu tiên bằng máy bay Concorde. 1971 - Trạm phát Emley Moor , cấu trúc đứng tự do cao nhất ở Vương quốc Anh thời điểm đó, bắt đầu truyền các chương trình phát sóng UHF . 1643 – Abel Tasman trở thành người châu Âu đầu tiên đặt chân đến quần đảo Tonga. 1911 - Cuộc đua Monte Carlo đầu tiên diễn ra. 1954 - Tàu ngầm chạy bằng năng lượng hạt nhân đầu tiên, USS Nautilus , được hạ thủy tại Groton, Connecticut Sinh 1905 – Christian Dior, nhà thiết kế thời trang người Pháp, thành lập Christian Dior S.A. (m. 1957) 1953 – Paul Allen, doanh nhân và nhà nhân đức người Mỹ, đồng sáng lập Microsoft 1995 – Nguyễn Công Phượng, cầu thủ bóng đá Việt Nam 1895 - Cristóbal Balenciaga , nhà thiết kế thời trang người Tây Ban Nha, thành lập Balenciaga (mất năm 1972) Mất 2012 - Nhật Ngân, nhạc sĩ người Việt Nam (s. 1942) 1901 - Elisha Grey , kỹ sư người Mỹ, đồng sáng lập Western Electric (sinh năm 1835) 1814 - Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre , nhà thực vật học và tác giả người Pháp (sinh năm 1737) Chương trình "Hôm nay ngày gì" hiện đã có mặt trên Youtube, Facebook và Spotify: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aweektv - Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/c/AWeekTV - Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6rC4CgZNV6tJpX2RIcbK0J - Apple Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/.../h%C3%B4m-nay.../id1586073418 #aweektv #21thang1 #BritishAirways #AirFrance #AbelTasman #ChristianDior #Balenciaga #congphuong Các video đều thuộc quyền sở hữu của Adwell jsc (adwell.vn), mọi hành động sử dụng lại nội dung của chúng tôi đều không được phép. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/aweek-tv/message

It's the BBC's 99th birthday! Well it was on the day this episode landed. So for episode 37, here's the podcast's story so far...   Between season 2 (covering the BBC in 1922) and season 3 (the BBC in 1923), we're on a run of specials. So here we summarise EVERYTHING we've learned so far. 36 episodes condensed into one.   Condensed, yet also extended - because we recorded a shorter version of this episode for The History of England Podcast. So to lure in folks who've heard that already, I've added a ton of new stuff, including some brand new bits. By which I mean, very old bits. As well as hearing the voices of: First teenager to listen to the radio in his bedroom GuglielmoMarconi First major broadcast engineer Captain HJ Round First voice of the BBC Arthur Burrows First regular broadcaster Peter Eckersley First slightly terrifying boss John Reith …You'll now also hear from: First broadcast singer Winifred Sayer First BBC pianist Maurice Cole (the most wonderful accent, “off" = "orff") First BBC singer Leonard Hawke (although WE know from episode 28 that the Birmingham and Manchester stations broadcast music the day before - but the BBC didn't know that) That's a lot of firsts. Plus more recent voices - hear from these marvellous experts: Professor Gabriele Balbi of USI Switzerland Marconi historian Tim Wander (buy his book From Marconi to Melba) Radio historian Gordon Bathgate (buy his book Radio Broadcasting: A History of the Airwaves)   SHOWNOTES: This podcast is NOTHING to do with the present-day BBC - it's entirely run, researched, presented and dogsbodied by Paul Kerensa You can email me to add something to the show. eg. Send your ‘Firsthand Memories' - in text form, a time you've seen radio or TV being broadcast before your eyes: a studio, an outside broadcast - what were your behind-the-scenes insights? Or record your ‘Airwave Memories' (AM) - a voice memo of 1-2mins of your earliest memories hearing/seeing radio/TV. Be on the podcast! My new one-man play The First Broadcast is now booking for dates in 2022. Got a venue? Book me for your place. Here's one - The Museum of Comedy. Join me, in April or in November on the very date of the BBC's 100th birthday! Thanks for joining us on Patreon if you do - or if you might! It supports the show, keeps it running, keeps me in books, which I then devour and add it all to the mixing-pot of research for this podcast. In return, I give you video, audio, advance writings, an occasional reading from C.A. Lewis' 1924 book Broadcasting From Within etc. Thanks if you've ever bought me a coffee at ko-fi.com/paulkerensa. Again, it all helps keep us afloat. Like our British Broadcasting Facebook page, or better still, join our British Broadcasting Century Facebook group where you can share your favourite old broadcasting things. Follow us on Twitter  if you're on the ol' Twits. I have another podcast of interviews, A Paul Kerensa Podcast, inc Miranda Hart, Tim Vine, Rev Richard Coles and many more. Give us a listen! Please rate and review this podcast where you found it... and keep liking/sharing/commenting on what we do online. It all helps others find us.  My mailing list is here - sign up for updates on all I do, writing, teaching writing, stand-up, radio etc. My books are available here or orderable from bookshops, inc Hark! The Biography of Christmas. Coming in 2022: a novel on all this radio malarkey. Archive clips are either public domain or used with kind permission from the BBC, copyright content reproduced courtesy of the British Broadcasting Corporation. All rights reserved. Oh yes they are. Next time: What Marconi Thought of Broadcasting - plus 1920s adverts, voiced by listeners...       APPROX TRANSCRIPT:   Marconi himself appeared on the BBC in 1936, playing himself in a reconstruction of when he first sent Morse code across the Atlantic in 1901...   Those are Marconi's last recorded words before he died, there with his assistants Pagett and Kemp, though Kemp was played by an actor. They're recreating the moment when they sent Morse Code from Poldhu in Cornwall to Newfoundland, 2000+ miles away. Prior to that 255 miles was the wireless record.   Marconi was always outdoing himself. As a teenager he'd sent radiowaves across his bedroom – a transmitter and receiver ringing a bell. Then outside, asking his assistant across a field to fire a gunshot if the wireless signal reached him. Then over water. Then... in 1896 the 21yr old Marconi came to England. The Italian army weren't interested in his new invention, so he thought he'd try the influential engineers of London. I think it's that decision that set London and the BBC as the beating heart of broadcasting a couple of decades later.   There was a magical moment where Marconi strode into Toynbee Hall in East London, with two boxes. They communicated, wirelessly, and he simply said: “My name is Gooly-elmo Marconi, and I have just invented wireless.” That's a drop mic moment. If they had a mic to drop.   Others played with this technology. In December 1906, Canadian inventor Reginald Fessenden managed to make a very faint speech broadcast for ships near Brant Rock Massachusetts – making the first entertainment show for radio. He played a record, Handel's Largo, played O Holy Night on violin, and read from Luke's gospel, chapter 2. Well it was Christmas Eve.   This was actually my way in to this whole radio story. I wrote a book on the history of Christmas, called Hark! The b of C. So I researched Fesseden's Christmas entertainment first... and also the first BBC Christmas of 1922. When I read that the Beeb had 35,000 listeners at that point, but 4 employees, I had to know who these 4 employees were! I started digging. When I discovered that 2 of those people had an on-air feud, one of them was John Reith, an arguably immoral moralist, and the 4th was soon sacked by him... I thought, there's a book in this. So as I research and write that, I'm podcasting as I go on the BBCentury. I love that this medium of podcasting owes so much to those early pioneers... and I'm no engineer. For me, it's all about the characters. We'll get to the BBC pioneers soon enough, but Marconi, he was one of those characters.   Through the 1910s, business was booming for Marconi, but he still saw radio as a two-way thing – we ‘radio' for help. Marconi took the credit for radio's use in catching criminals – Dr Crippen, who'd escaped on a ship across the ocean. And saving lives, onboard Titanic. Soon every major vessel carried radios and a Marconi operator – for a fee of course. He made his money in sending messages, the world over, between two people. The broadcast aspect was an accident – a pitfall of radio being too ‘leaky'. So the first listeners were actually called ‘listeners-in' – the messages weren't intended for them.   So it was at a more amateur level – the radio hams – who'd be experimenting with ‘broadcasting'. Britain's first DJ, technically, was a woman called Gertrude Donisthorpe in WWI. Her husband Horace was the eager experimenter, an army wireless trainer by day, and at night the couple would cycle to a field near Worcester, he'd set up one side, her on the other, and she'd play records and recite rhymes just for her audience of 1 – her husband, to see if it worked. She'd cycle across the field to see if it had, often finding he'd cycled off to tell her via a different route. As they progressed, they started transmitting limited wireless concerts for some local troops. And they were popular. Radio amateurs enjoyed what they heard, when they could hear it. There was demand for wireless entertainment... just not much supply.   But the engineers like those at the Marconi Company, were continually strengthening and improving the technology. Marconi's right-hand man Captain Round for example...   No fan of red tape... this Churchill lookalike, round face, cigars and no-nonsense... joined 1902, genius... designed radios... especially for aircraft... Jutland direction-finding... But Captain Round is a name to watch.   After the war, 1919, just months from the birth of broadcasting, The Marconi Company still had no real interest in radio as an artform or entertainment or anything other than point to point messaging. Apart from one person, their Head of Publicity, Arthur Burrows...   In 1918 Burrows wrote: “There appears to be no serious reason why, before we are many years older, politicians speaking, say, in Parliament, should not be heard simultaneously by wireless in the reporting room of every newspaper office in the United Kingdom. . . . The field of wireless telephone, however, is by no means restricted to newspaper work. The same idea might be extended to make possible the correct reproduction in all private residences of Albert Hall or Queen's Hall concerts or the important recitals at the lesser rendezvous of the musical world. . . . There would be no technical difficulty in the way of an enterprising advertisement agency arranging for the interval in the musical programme to be filled with audible advertisements, pathetic or forcible appeals—in appropriate tones—on behalf of somebody's soap or tomato ketchup.” We'll come back to Arthur Burrows.   Around the same time in America, future radio mogul David Sarnoff sent a memo referring to a “radio music box”, that could “listeners-in” could have in their homes, playing the music broadcast by wireless stations, that were cropping up, especially in America, and a steadily increasing rate.   In Britain, Captain Round of the Marconi Company continued to experiment. Rightly medalled after the war, he switched his attention from using radio to find enemy ships, to using radio to transmit the human voice further and stronger than ever before. This meant tests.   Now the nature of radio, the quirk of it, is that it's not private. You can't experiment without anyone with a set listening in – and since the war there were more and more ex wireless operators and amateur radio “hams”. So as Round experimented, in Chelmsford at the end of 1919, with his assistant William Ditcham, across Britain and even into Europe, people heard him. Ditcham had to read out something into his microphone – just the candlestick part of an old telephone. Ditcham would begin by addressing those listening – the ‘leaky' nature of these radio experiments meant the engineers actually used those cheekly listening in to find their range and signal strength. So Ditcham would begin: “MZX calling, MZX calling! This is the Marconi valve transmitter in Chelmsford, England, testing on a wavelength of 2750metres. How are our signals coming in today? Can you hear us clearly? I will now recite to you my usual collection of British railway stations for test purposes... ...The Great Northern Railway starts Kings cross, London, and the North Western Railway starts from Euston. The Midland railway starts from St Pancras. The Great Western Railway starts from...”   Railway timetables! And they were a hit. Mr Ditcham became an expert is this new art of broadcasting, before the word was even invented. He noted: “Distinct enunciation is essential and it's desirable to speak in as loud a tone as possible!”   Word spread. Letters to newspapers said how much radio amateurs were enjoying Ditcham and Round's wireless experiments... but the content could do with being a bit more exciting. How about a newspaper?   So in January 1920, William Ditcham became our first broadcast newsreader, literally reading the news, from a paper he'd bought that morning. Well, he'd sit on it a day, and read yesterday's paper... The press might have a problem with their copyrighted news being given away for free. And thus begins the rocky relp between broadcasters and the press. It's worth keeping them on side...   In Jan 1920, there are 2 weeks of ‘Ditcham's News Service' – that's Britain's first programme title. That gains over 200 reports from listeners-in, as far as Spain, Portgula, Norway... up to 1500 mi away. So the transmitter is replaced, from 6kw to 15kw. Ditcham ups his game too. Throws in a gramophone record or two. 15mins of news, 15mins of music. A half hour in total – that seems a good length for a programme – really it was what the licence allowed, but it's clearly stuck – at least till Netflix and the like mean programme length has becoame a little more variable, a century later.   Then in Feb, there's live music – just a few fellow staff at the Marconi Works in Chelmsford, including Mr White on piano, Mr Beeton on oboe and Mr Higby on woodwind.   At Marconi HQ, Arthur Burrows, that publicity director who wrote of possible wireless concerts and ketchup sponsors, he gets behind this in a big way. He heads to Chelmsford, supports Ditcham and Round, and even joins the band. And you know who else joins the band...   ...from the neighbouring works building – Hoffman's Ball Bearings - a singer, Miss Winifred Sayer. Now as she's not a Marconi employee, she needs to be paid... so she's radio's first professional   Previous broadcasts had been a little luck of the draw, but this one, well it would be nice to tell people it's going to happen. So Captain Round sends out the first listings – the pre Radio Times, radio... times... you can hear Winifred Sayer and the band: 11am and 8pm, Feb 23rd till March 6th That memo goes out to all the Marconi land stations and ships at sea. The first song Winifred sang was called Absent – she later called it a “punch and judy show”, and enjoyed her ten shillings a show. As she left, the MD of Marconi's said to her: “You've just made history.”   So, we have radio, right? Not so fast! The fun is just beginning...   The press, you see, were worth keeping on side. The Daily Mail got wind of this. Arthur Burrows, that publicity chap and radio prophet, he became friends in the war with Tom Clarke, now editor of the Daily Mail. And the Mail loved a novelty. They'd sponsor air races and car dashes and design-a-top-hat competitions. Radio was right up their fleet street.   But they'd need a bigger singer than Winifred Sayer from Hoffman's Ball Bearings. They wanted to see how big an audience there'd be for broadcasting – a word just coming into use, a farming term, about how you spread seed, far and wide, scattershot, never quite knowing how far it reaches, and whether it will be well received and grow into something. So the Daily Mail fund one of the world's biggest singers: Dame Nellie Melba – of Peach Melba fame. She was over in England at the Albert Hall doing some shows, so for a thousand pounds – enough to buy a house – she came to Chelmsford. Outside broadcasts didn't exist at the time, given the size of the kit. Ditcham and Round prepared the Chelmsford Works building, although that involved a small fire, a carpet Melba rolled away as soon as she saw it, and a microphone made from an old cigar box and a hat rack. Arthur Burrows gave Madame Melba a tour when they weren't quite ready... She took one look at the 450ft radio mast and said “Young man if you think I'm going to climb up there, you are greatly mistaken.”   She broadcasts on June 15th 1920, and it's a huge hit, despite a shutdown just before finishing her last song. Captain Round makes her do it again, without telling her of the shutdown, by simply asking for an encore.   Arthur Burrows gives the opening and closing announcements, instead of William Ditcham, because this has been Burrows' dream. Broadcast radio concerts. So what next? It spanned Britain, reached Madrid, parts of the Middle East...   But it's too successful. The Air Ministry finds planes couldn't land during the concert. It dominated the airwaves. So despite a few extra professional concerts from Chelmsford that summer – opera stars like Lauritz Melchior, and Dame Clara Butt – the govt step in and shut all radio experiments down.   Arthur Burrows finds himself at sea, literally, that summer, demonstrating radio to the press on the way to an interionational press event... but without govt backing, journalists now see radio as maybe a means to communicate newsroom to newsroom. Ditcham's news and Melba's music seem to be all that broadcasting amounted to.   For 18 months, nothing. Radio amateurs, and indeed Arthur Burrows at Marconi, petition the PostmasterGeneral to reconsider. And finally... it worked.   Because while the ether had fallen silent in Britain, it continued in Holland, a bit in France, and in America radio is booming. Not wanting to be left behind, the British govt say ok, you can have one radio station. The Marconi Company is granted a permit. But much to Burrows dismay... the job lands on the desk of another person I want to introduce you to... Peter Eckersley   Eckersley was with the Designs Dept of the Aircraft Section of Marconi's. His team had helped create air traffic control; Eckersley had been there in the war for the first ground to air wireless communication, and now in their spare team, his team in a muddy field in the village of Writtle in Essex, not far from Chelmsford, would have to fit this broadcasting malarkey in in their spare time, for an extra pound a show, not much.   It was odd. Radio amateurs wanted it. Burrows the Marconi publicity guy wanted it. Eckersley and his team couldn't give two hoots about it – in fact they celebrated when the govt banned radio 18 months earlier, as finally the airwaves were clear for them and their serious work, instead of constant blinking opera from Chelmsford.   But it's Eckersley's job, to start Britain's first regular radio station: 2MT Writtle. And from Feb 14th 1920, for the first few weeks it sounds pretty normal. They play gramophone records, chosen by Arthur Burrows at head office. Burrows has arranged a sponsorship deal – not with ketchup with a gramophone company, who provide a player so long as it's mentioned on air. Peter Eckersley's team of boffins break the gramophone player. There was a live singer – the first song on the first regular broadcast radio show was the Floral Dance, though the Times called it only “faintly audible”. It is not a hit. For 5 weeks this continues, bland introductions to records, a live singer or two. And Peter Eckersley, the man in charge, goes home each night to hear the show his crew put out on the wireless. Until week 6, when he stays, for a pre-show gin and fish and chips and more gin at the pub. Then he... runs down the lane to the hut and reaches the microphone first! And he starts talking......   Eckersley talks and talks and mimics and carouses... He plays the fool, plays the gramophone records, off-centre, or covered in jam...   ...the strict licence meant closing down for 3mins in every 10, to listen for govt messages, in case they have to stop broadcasting. Eckersley doesn't shut down for 3mins. The licence limited them to half an hour. Not Eckersley. Over an hour later, he stops. And sleeps it off. Next day, his team gather round and tell him what he said.   Our man Arthur Burrows gets in touch. A stern admonishment! Burrows' dream of broadcasting, had been dashed on the rocks by Eckersley, a man drinking, on the rocks. But accompanying Burrows' angry missive came a postbag of listener fanmail. “We loved it” they said. “Do it again.” Burrows was a lone voice against Eckersley's antics, so the following Tuesday, and every Tuesday in 1922, Peter Eckersley seized the mic again and again.   Demand for radio sets boomed. Ports stopped receiving ships when Peter Eckersley was on. Parliament even closed their sessions early to hear him. He was our first radio star. And he helped spawn an industry.   Burrows is still fuming, but there is no greater demand for radio. So he applies for a 2nd licence, for a London station – let's do this radio thing properly. 2LO in London is granted that licence, and Burrows isn't taking any chances – HE will be the primary broadcaster.   Poetry readings, sports commentary, opening night boxing match. Later in the summer, garden party concerts. And as Burrows is a publicity and demonstration man, many of these broadcast concerts are for private institutions, charity events, a chance to show what broadcasting can do.   Other wireless manufacturers other than Marconi's express an interest, they ask the PMG for a licence to broadcast too. MetroVick in Manchester, they want in, so the PMG says fine. Kenneth Wright is the engineer at MetroVick who gets the job of launching in Manchester.   Wright continues in Manchester... Eck continues in Writtle in Essex... Burrows continues in London...   But Eckersley mocks Burrows. In fact people write to Arthur Burrows saying how much they enjoy his broadcasts on 2LO London, but could he stop broadcasting every Tuesday evening for the half hour Eckersley's on, cos listeners want to hear Eckersley lampoon Burrows. For instance, Burrows played the Westminster chimes in the studio – this is 18mths before Big Ben's chimes would be heard on the BBC. So Eckersley outdoes Burrows by finding all the pots, pans, bottles and scrap metal he can, and bashing it all with sticks. Messy chaos! He loved it.   He's another, retold by Eckersley and Burrows themselves, some 20 years apart... You see, both would close their broadcasts with a poem.   All through the spring and summer of 1922, each broadcast is still experimental. Official broadcasting hasn't quite yet begun – because no one knows if there's a future in this. In fact the Marconi Company largely thought all this was one big advert to show consumers how easy wireless communication is, and how they should all pay Marconi's to help them send point-to-point messages.   But the bug grows. The press want in. The Daily Mail apply for a licence for to set up a radio station. They're turned down – it would be too powerful for a a newspaper to have a radio station. It only took Times Radio 100 years...   In Westminster, the PostGen is inundated by applications for pop-up radio stations. He can't just keep licensing all of them. What is this, America?! Arthur Burrows...   In May 1922, the PostGen says to the wireless manufacturers, look. I can't have all of you setting up rival radio stations. But I will licence one or maybe two of you. Get together, chat it through, work out how you can work together.   For a while, it looks like there will be two british Broadcasting companies – a north and a south. Kenneth Wright...   ...but after weeks, even months of meetings, primareily with the big 6 wireless firms, an agreement is struck.   ...You may wonder where Reith is in all this. Wasn't he meant to be the fella who started the thing!? He arrives when the BBC is one month old. For now, he's leaving a factory management job in Scotland, settling down with his new wife, having moved on from a possibly gay affair with his best friend Charlie... and he's about to try a career in politics. He's never heard of broadcasting at this stage. But for those who have, in the summer of 1922, Parliament announces there will be one broadcasting company, funded by a licence fee.....   One British Broadcasting Company. Marconi, MetroVick, Western Electric, General Electric and so on... each will have one representative on the board of this BBC, and then broadcasting can continue, they'll all sell wireless radio sets, and to fund the operation, there'll be a licence fee.   The name ‘BBCo' is coined by one of the wireless manufacturer bosses in one of those meetings, Frank Gill, who notes in a memo before the name ‘broadcasting company', the word ‘British'. A few lines down, he's the first to write the word ‘pirates' regarding those broadcasting without a licence.   But there's one more hurdle to conquer – news. That takes some time to iron out with the press, and finally it's agreed that us broadcasters will lease the news from them, for a fee, and no daytime news, to ensure readers still bought papers.   The press and the broadcasters still have an uneasy relationship, so whenever you see the newspapers having a pop at the BBC, know that the Daily Mail sponsored the first ever broadcast with Dame Melba, they were turned down for a radio station when they applied, and for years they were annoyed this radio upstart was trying to steal their readers.   With the starting pistol sounded, Arthur Burrows gets his dream: he's convinced his employer, the Marconi Company that radio isn't just about sending messages to individuals, it's about reaching many listeners... or better still, it's still about reaching individuals, just lots of them. Flash forward to Terry Wogan's sad goodbye from his Radio 2 Breakfast Show. “Thank you for being my friend.” Singular. Radio – even podcasts like this – still speak to one listener at a time. I make a connection with you. Arthur Burrows and Peter Eckersley, were among the first to realise that.   But which of them would launch or join the BBC? The wild unpredictable Eckersley, who created demand for radio, and was still mocking Burrows in his field hut in an Essex village? Or the straight-laced Arthur Burrows, who's prophesied broadcasting for years?   I think we know the answer to that. Playing it safe, The Marconi Company kept 2LO as part of this new British Broadcasting Company, as well as 2ZY Manchester under MetroVick, and a new station in Birmingham, 5IT, run by Western Electric. Marconi's would also build new stations, in Newcastle, Cardiff, Glasgow, and more, growing in reach and ambition.   But it starts in London, on November 14th 1922, with a souped-up transmitter, rebuilt by good old Captain Round, the Marconi whizz who helped start it all. Arthur Burrows is before the mic, achieving his dream, to see broadcasting come to fruition. There are no recordings of that first broadcast, but we recreated it...   The next day, the Birmingham station 5IT launches – they quickly bring in the first regular children's presenters, Uncle Edgar and Uncle Tom. An hour after they launch, Manchester 2ZY starts under the BBC banner, with more children's programming there, plus an early home for an in-house BBC orchestra.   When the jobs go out for the this new BBC, bizarrely after it's actually launched, there are just 4 employees hired before the end of the year, and Burrows is first, a shoo-in for Director of Programmes. John Reith applies for General Managership, having tried a bit of politics, but been pointed towards the BBC advert by his MP boss. On arriving, one of the first things he says is: ‘So what is broadcasting?'   As for Peter Eckersley, he continues at 2MT Writtle, every Tuesday evening into January 1923. The only non-BBC station to share the airwaves till commercial, pirate or... well there's Radio Luxembourg but that's for a future episode. But Eckersley too is ultimately convinced to join the good ship BBC. And all it takes is an opera, broadcast live from the Royal Opera House in January 1923 – one of the first outside broadcasts.   A penny drops for Eckersley, and he realises the power and potential of this broadcasting lark. Reith convinces him to stop his frivolous Tuesday show in Essex, and offers him a job as the BBC's first Chief Engineer. And here Eckersley prospers, giving us new technology, nationwide broadcasting, the world's first high-power long-wave transmitter at Daventry, he brings choice to the airwaves, with a regional and national scheme. Without Burrows, without Eckersley, without Reith, British broadcasting would look very different.   There's one other name, among many, I'm particularly enthusiastic about: Hilda Matheson. An ex-spy who becomes the first Director of Talks, who reinvents talk radio and gives us the basis for Radio 4 and speech radio and indeed podcasting, you could argue, as we know it. She's a fascinating character – part of a gay love triangle with the poet Vita Sackville West and Virginia Woolf. She's the only BBC employee allowed to bring a dog to work.   And so much more, we'll unpack on the British Broadcasting Century podcast, plus the Pips, the Proms, the Radio Times, and everything else you know and love, tolerate or loathe about British broadcasting today.  

It's Christmas! (Well not now, it's Sept 2021 as I write/record this, but it was Christmas, in 1922.) Time for a 4th BBC station... the first to be constructed from scratch under the BBC banner. Hear the voices and the troubled tale of Newcastle 5NO's shaky start, on the back of a lorry in a stableyard. Plus we'll see what 5IT Birmingham and 2ZY Manchester looked like six weeks into the BBC's being. So we'll hear from original BBC pioneers like Percy Edgar, Victor Smythe and Tom Payne as they tell us all about it. We've also got an Airwave Memory from Leila Johnston, aka The Punk Hotelier. New this time, below, a transcript. Of sorts...   SHOWNOTES: We mention Paul Hayes' marvellous documentary on BBC Radio Norfolk, on Nexus: Norfolk's Forgotten TV Station. Dead Girls Tell No Tales is the dramatisation of ITV's launch night vs The Archers special. The full Amateur Wireless article from Dec 30th 1922, on the Manchester Broadcasting Station in all its technical geekery, is here on our Facebook group. Do join it and join us! Join us on Patreon for extras, behind-the-scenes things, bonus video and audio, and the British Broadcasting Century Book Club, where I'm currently reading at you Broadcasting From Within by C.A. Lewis. And thanks to all who support us there, keeping us ticking over. For a one-off contribution, buy us a coffee at ko-fi.com/paulkerensa? Thanks! It all helps keep us (me) in books and caffeine. This podcast is NOTHING to do with the present-day BBC - it's entirely run, researched, presented and corralled by Paul Kerensa, who you can email if you want to add something to the show on radio history. Your contributions are welcome. The British Broadcasting Century Facebook page is here. Do like. I post things there. The British Broadcasting Century Facebook group is here. Do join. You post things there. The British Broadcasting Century Twitter profile is here. Do follow. My other podcast of interviews is A Paul Kerensa Podcast. Have a listen! My mailing list is here - sign up for updates on all I do, writing, teaching writing, stand-up, radio etc. My books are available here or orderable from bookshops, inc Hark! The Biography of Christmas. Ho ho ho. Archive clips are either public domain or used with kind permission from the BBC, copyright content reproduced courtesy of the British Broadcasting Corporation. All rights reserved. Alright? Sreserved. Please rate and review this podcast where you found it... and keep liking/sharing/commenting on what we do online. It all helps others find us.  Next time: Reith begins!   =======   Now, we've never done a transcript before. But then I just thought... I have oodles of notes each episode, so why not just post that? It's 80% of the podcast right here. So transcript fans, read on for essentially the podcast in text form (without the articles and guest bits)   LOOSE TRANSCRIPT (it's loose, so excuse spelling errors or weird word clangs): Previously on the podcast... Christmas 1922, and the BBC has been on the air for 6 weeks, in London, Birmingham and Manchester. But when the govt agreed this BBCo could exist, the deal wasn't for 3 stations that already existed, but for 8! All across Blighty. So where the blazes are they? Isn't it time for a new pop-up radio station to, well, pop up? Wouldn't that be the best Christmas present a Geordie radio listener could ask for?   This time... Let it 5NO, let it 5NO, let it 5NO! Newcastle 5NO joins the airwaves, in time for Christmas? Just. Maybe. Plus behind-the-scenes at 5IT Birmingham and 2ZY Manchester as we tune into Christmas 1922 – AND hear the voices of the three wise station directors of the BBC's 2nd, 3rd and 4th stations. Christmas Eve 1922 is where we find ourselves this episode, which is why we've broken out the jingling bells in our backing music! So whether it's Christmas or not, hop on our time-sleigh set for 99 years ago – Christmas in Newcastle! On the British Broadcasting Century...   TITLES   Hullo hullo, PK calling. Are we coming through clearly? That's how they'd start their test transmissions in 1922, and over the past 33 episodes we've seen how those early voices and wireless manufacturers all brought together science, art and a bit of magic to make British broadcasting a thing.  Thanks for your lovely feedback on last couple of eps, btw. We got very geeky about the studio design of Marconi House, ...thanks to Andrew Barker our Newspaper Detective, article after article has been available to us of when the printed press were invited in in late Dec '22, so we had a lot to get across. And we've got a bit more along those lines this episode, but further north. Before we get to Newcastle and the launch of their new station, there was more than just London on the dial... This episode we'll tour the other BBC stations, and hear rare clips of each of their station directors: the 2nd BBC station in Brum, the 3rd in Manc and the 4th in Newcastle, which has yet to begin...   STING   But we'll begin then in Birmingham – it'll help us appreciate their civilised environs, when you see the ramshackle joint Newcastle have to deal with.   In December 1922, Birmingham is a primitive setup... I don't mind the whole city, but er, well, see Peaky Blinders for details.   The Birmingham 5IT station, out in Witton, was just a month or so into its life, as its first station boss Percy Edgar later recalled from a comfier space...   CLIP: EDGAR: modern studio vs old   Back then, the station director did most things – announce, book the acts, sing, play... and Percy Edgar found it a real song and dance hiring performers who loved a song, and a dance...   CLIP: EDGAR: 5IT studio: player-piano, platform - soubrette up and down   Well the listeners couldn't tell – and in fact those who switch between London and Birmingham stations often find that Brum had the edge. The stations, all part of one BBC, are slightly in competition with each other at this stage. No bad thing if it encourages a boost in quality....   Boston Guardian, 16th December 1922     ...Praise indeed for the Birmingham's announcer, who likely by this point, is Percy Edgar.   CLIP: Edgar: “Within a few weeks, Harold Casey joined me as Assistant Station Director...”   So while Percy edgar is adding to his Birmingham team with a loyal Ass St Dir, up in Manchester, another of the first 3 BBC stations, the team is expanding too.   On Dec 19th, that's the same Tuesday when the London squad find their new home of Savoy Hill. the Manchester station also gains a new employee: Victor Smythe... He'd been interested from the start a month earlier...   VICTOR SMYTHE CLIP   Victor Smythe catches the bug in late Nov, by mid-Dec he's applying for a job at 2ZY Manchester. On Dec 19th he starts work. In one show, he'd read the news, do a funny story, do a talk as Mr X... And when they started doing full days, he was known to be announcer from 9:30am to midnight!   Now I said earlier we'd have the voices of 3 station directors. So, alright, Victor Smythe became deputy station dir at 2ZY Manchester. The station dir Kenneth Wright, we've had on here before – go back to our 2ZY episode for his voice. But as deputy, Victor Smythe was a Manchester stalwart for 3 decades. So this episode, you're getting him.   So what was 2ZY Manch like at the month-old BBC? Well just as the London station invited the press into the studio, likewise in mid-December...   Now, the long article they published was very technical. Too technical for me. Too technical for you? Difficult to say. I don't know the threshold of our listeners. So if you want to read the full article, join our Facebook group – I'll post a link to the article in the shownotes – join our group for more like that, and thanks Andrew Barker for sharing these articles with us.   So that's Birmingham and Manchester that first BBC Christmas, with London, making the first 3 stations.   But the summer before, the Post-Gen in the H of C said the BBC would consist of 8 stations across the country. It was to be a broadcasting service for everyone – or at least most, though the first Chief Engineer Peter Eckersley would have plans soon enough to reach even the furthest farmer – but the tale of relay stations, and longwave, and Daventry... is all a few years away yet.   Here's an even later Chief Engineer of the BBC, Harold Bishop – who back in 1922 was an engineer at the London studio:   CLIP: Harold Bishop Dec 24th 1922 on 5NO, then Cardiff, Glasgow, Aberdeen, Bournemouth   So yes it's about time they built that 4th studio – the first to start life under the BBC! The first of a new plan to build stations in city centres, unlike Birmingham and Manchester, which were out in industrial works far from travel hubs, and needing artistes to travel after dark to the middle of nowhere.   You want a nearby railway station, a hotel, the bustle of a city – or at least near as 1920s cities got to a bustle – to welcome a regular turnover of guest performers. For that, Newcastle 5NO turned to W.P. Crosse's Concert Agency, and a separate local agency to receive and transcribe the news from Reuters.   So far so good. But you also need a high point for the aerial – a giant chimney or tower of some kind.   The Marconi Company are the ones to build this, and the local station-in-waiting is promised to Newcastle's ears by Christmas. A bit of a rush, but they rise to the challenge.   The plans begin on Dec 10th – so only a fortnight before the promised launch date. Impressive!   24 Eldon Square is rented at £250/year, that's to be a studio and artistes' waiting room, with 4 offices above it for the Station Director and support staff.   Peel Conner microphones are installed – not too reliable, ok for speech but can't get the full range when music was attempted.   This is the first station to have the studio and transmitter at separate sites, a mile apart, linked my phoneline. So over in West Blandford St, the 1½ kw transmitter, there's the stableyard of the Co-operative Wholesale Society, surrounded by horses and carts. Their 140ft chimney was perfect for the aerial.   That transmitter is the new Marconi Q type transmitter – the first of its kind, a slimmed-down version of the prototype used at London's 2LO. The London version was vast and unwieldy and the result of lots of trial and error to get the best quality, low hum – the quality of a radio broadcast had to be more pleasant than the quality of a phone call. So London's transmitter, while legendary and still in the Science Museum today, was a bit of a bodge job. It's a Frankenstein of a transmitter.   So in Dec 1922, the plan was for Newcastle, then Cardiff and Glasgow, to have slimline versions of this same transmitter – now they knew it could work.   It was of course developed by our good old friend Captain H.J. Round, remember him? There at the start, giving us speech test broadcasts from Chelmsford in our first few episodes. You'll have heard Round's mega-talk in one of our specials, and at this point he was working a new better microphone to roll out in the New Year, having just designed these new Marconi Q type transmitters, for Newcastle and the other new stations. Round was always working on the next technological breakthrough.   As you heard from Brum and Manc, BBC station directors were normally also the main announcers – they did everything! But in station director Tom Payne's case, he was setting up ex nihilo, building something from nothing. So he was a little out of his depth, I think it's fair to say. London, Birmingham and Manchester had all grown out of existing wireless manufacturing companies: Marconi's in London, MetroVick in Manchester, Western Electric in Birmingham. But Newcastle? Just a skeleton crew who'd never done this before... principally the Marconi engineer E.O.P. Thomas, and the station boss Tom Payne.   Word reached head office that Tom Payne was having troubles. December 23rd, they tried to launch...   E.O.P. Thomas, Marconi engineer puts it like this: “A hitch arose and there was  no hope of connecting studio and transmitter. As a last resort I had several empty horse drays wheeled into the stable yard, chairs were placed on them and microphones connected to the nearby transmitter. The inaugural programme of 5NO was punctually carried out.”   A howling dog in a nearby kennel ruined much of the broadcast.   Thankfully next day, Christmas Eve, the link-up to the studio is fixed and Newcastle 5NO is officially launched, after this pre-show from the stableyard.   Technical limitations persist though - it restricts hours of broadcasting too, so station boss Tom Payne recalls, when dealing with Marconi engineer Mr Thomas.   Yes, Newcastle has a greater limit on time than its southern cousins.   So as we stampede forward in our tale, let's leave Newcastle, and check in what was on air from the BBC in London for Christmas Eve and Christmas Day. Now we featured this in much fuller detail in our Christmas special, episode 20, but it'd be rude not to mention what was on while we're here chronologically here.   So, the first London BBC Christmas, in a nutshell!   Christmas Eve in a nutshell – Truth About FC, John Mayo...   Hear the fuller version of Rev John Mayo's Christmas address, and more on Peter Pan, the 2 stations with different versions of O Come All Ye Faithful, and much much more on our Christmas special about 10 episodes ago.   Next time, Reith begins! But en route to Head Office, his first task will be a stopover in Newcastle, to inspect that station: that stableyard, that lorry, that howling dog, that Tom Payne.   Plus Reith's incredible first day at the London office. The end of the beginning, the start of the BBC proper. Finally!   If you like what you hear, please spread word of us. It's the best way for new listeners to discover us. And if you like us, your friends are going to love us. We're on Facebook, Twitter, Patreon, buy us a coffee at ko-fi.com – links to all in the shownotes, and join us next time for the beginning of Reith...

The Soviet Union detonated their first nuclear bomb in 1949, releasing 20 kilotons worth of an explosion and sparking the nuclear arms race. A weather reconnaissance mission confirmed that the Soviets did so and Klaus Fuchs was arrested for espionage, after passing blueprints for the Fat Man bomb that had been dropped on Japan. A common name in the podcast is Vannevar Bush. At this point he was the president of the Carnegie Institute and put together a panel to verify the findings. The Soviets were catching up to American science. Not only did they have a bomb but they also had new aircraft that were capable of dropping a bomb. People built bomb shelters, schools ran drills to teach students how to survive a nuclear blast and within a few years we'd moved on to the hydrogen bomb. And so the world lived in fear of nuclear fall-out. Radar had come along during World War II and we'd developed Ground Control of Intercept, an early radar network. But that wouldn't be enough to protect against this new threat. If one of these Soviet bombers, like the Tupolev 16 “Badger” were to come into American airspace, the prevailing thought was that we needed to shoot it down before the payload could be delivered. The Department of Defense started simulating what a nuclear war would look like. And they asked the Air Force to develop an air defense system. Given the great work done at MIT, much under the careful eye of Vannevar Bush, they reached out to George Valley, a professor in the Physics Department who had studied nuclear weapons. He also sat on the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board, and toured some of the existing sites and took a survey of the US assets. He sent his findings and they eventually made their way to General Vandenberg, who assigned General Fairchild to assemble a committee which would become the Valley Committee, or more officially the Air Defense Systems Engineering Committee, or ADSEC. ADSEC dug in deeper and decided that we needed a large number of radar stations with a computer that could aggregate and then analyze data to detect enemy aircraft in real time. John Harrington had worked out how to convert radar into code and could send that over telephone lines. They just needed a computer that could crunch the data as it was received. And yet none of the computer companies at the time were able to do this kind of real time operation. We were still in a batch processing mainframe world. Jay Forrester at MIT was working on the idea of real-time computing. Just one problem, the Servomechanisms lab where he was working on Project Whirlwind for the Navy for flight simulation was over budget and while they'd developed plenty of ground-breaking technology, they needed more funding. So Forrester was added to ADSEC and added the ability to process the digital radar information. By the end of 1950, the team was able to complete successful tests of sending radar information to Whirlwind over the phone lines. Now it was time to get funding, which was proposed at $2 million a year to fund a lab. Given that Valley and Forrester were both at MIT, they decided it should be at MIT. Here, they saw a way to help push the electronics industry forward and the Navy's Chief Scientist Louis Ridenour knew that wherever that lab was built would become a the next scientific hotspot. The president at MIT at the time, James Killian, wasn't exactly jumping on the idea of MIT becoming an arm of the department of defense so put together 28 scientists to review the plans from ADSEC, which became Project Charles and threw their support to forming the new lab. They had measured twice and were ready to cut. There were already projects being run by the military during the arms buildup named after other places surrounding MIT so they picked Project Lincoln for the name of the project to Project Lincoln. They appointed F Wheeler Loomis as the director with a mission to design a defense system. As with all big projects, they broke it up into five small projects, or divisions; things like digital computers, aircraft control and warning, and communications. A sixth did the business administration for the five technical divisions and another delivered technical services as needed. They grew to over 300 people by the end of 1951 and over 1,300 in 1952. They moved offsite and built a new campus - thus establishing Lincoln Lab. By the end of 1953 they had written a memo called A Proposal for Air Defense System Evolution: The Technical Phase. This called for a net of radars to be set up that would track the trajectory of all aircraft in the US airspace and beyond. And to build communications to deploy the weapons that could destroy those aircraft. The Manhattan project had brought in the nuclear age but this project grew to be larger as now we had to protect ourselves from the potential devastation we wrought. We were firmly in the Cold War with America testing the hydrogen bomb in 52 and the Soviets doing so in 55. That was the same year the prototype of the AN/FSQ-7 to replace Whirlwind. To protect the nation from these bombs they would need 100s of radars, 24 centers to receive data, and 3 combat centers. They planned for direction centers to have a pair of AN/FSQ-7 computers, which were the Whirlwind evolved. That meant half a million lines of code which was by far the most ambitious software ever written. Forrester had developed magnetic-core memory for Whirlwind. That doubled the speed of the computer. They hired IBM to build the AN/FSQ-7 computers and from there we started to see commercial applications as well when IBM added it to the 704 mainframe in 1955. Stalin was running labor camps and purges. An estimated nine million people died in Gulags or from hunger. Chairman Mao visited Moscow in 1957, sparking the Great Leap Forward policy that saw 45 million people die. All in the name of building a utopian paradise. Americans were scared. And Stalin was distrustful of computers for any applications beyond scientific computing for the arms race. By contrast, people like Ken Olsen from Lincoln Lab left to found Digital Equipment Corporation and sell modular mini-computers on the mass market, with DEC eventually rising to be the number two computing company in the world. The project also needed software and so that was farmed out to Rand who would have over 500 programmers work on it. And a special display to watch planes as they were flying, which began as a Stromberg-Carlson Charactron cathode ray tube. IBM got to work building the 24 FSQ-7s, with each coming in at a whopping 250 tons and nearly 50,000 vacuum tubes - and of course that magnetic core memory. All this wasn't just theoretical. Given the proximity, they deployed the first net of around a dozen radars around Cape Cod as a prototype. They ran dedicated phone lines from Cambridge and built the first direction center, equipping it with an interactive display console that showed an x for each object being tracked, adding labels and then Robert Everett came up with the idea of a light gun that could be used as a pointing device, along with a keyboard, to control the computers from a terminal. They tested the Cape Cod installation in 1953 and added long range radars in Maine and New York by the end of 1954, working out bugs as they went. The Suffolk County Airfield in Long Island was added so Strategic Air Command could start running exercises for response teams. By the end of 1955 they put the system to the test and it passed all requirements from the Air Force. The radars detected the aircraft and were able to then control manned antiaircraft operations. By 1957 they were adding logic and capacity to the system, having fine tuned over a number of test runs until they got to a 100 percent interception rate. They were ready to build out the direction centers. The research and development phase was done - now it was time to produce an operational system. Western Electric built a network of radar and communication systems across Northern Canada that became known as the DEW line, short for Distant Early Warning. They added increasingly complicated radar, layers of protection, like Buckminster Fuller joining for a bit to develop a geodesic dome to protect the radars using fiberglass. They added radar to what looked like oil rigs around Texas, experimented with radar on planes and ships, and how to connect those back to the main system. By the end of 1957 the system was ready to move into production and integration with live weapons into the code and connections. This is where MIT was calling it done for their part of the program. Only problem is when the Air Force looked around for companies willing to take on such a large project, no one could. So MITRE corporation was spun out of Lincoln Labs pulling in people from a variety of other government contractors and continues on to this day working on national security, GPS, election integrity, and health care. They took the McChord airfare online as DC-12 in 1957, then Syracuse New York in 1958 and started phasing in automated response. Andrews, Dobbins, Geiger Field, Los Angeles Air Defense Sector, and others went online over the course of the next few years. The DEW line went operational in 1962, extending from Iceland to the Aleutians. By 1963, NORAD had a Combined Operations Center where the war room became reality. Burroughs eventually won a contract to deploy new D825 computers to form a system called BUIC II and with the rapidly changing release of new solid state technology those got replaced with a Hughes AN/TSQ-51. With the rise of Airborn Warning and Control Systems (AWACS), the ground systems started to slowly get dismantled in 1980, being phased out completely in 1984, the year after WarGames was released. In WarGames, Matthew Broderick plays David Lightman, a young hacker who happens upon a game. One Jon Von Neumann himself might have written as he applied Game Theory to the nuclear threat. Lightman almost starts World War III when he tries to play Global Thermonuclear War. He raises the level of DEFCON and so inspires a generation of hackers who founded conferences like DEFCON and to this day war dial, or war drive, or war whatever. The US spent countless tax money on advancing technology in the buildup for World War II and the years after. The Manhattan Project, Project Whirlwind, SAGE, and countless others saw increasing expenditures. Kennedy continued the trend in 1961 when he started the process of putting humans on the moon. And the unpopularity of the Vietnam war, which US soldiers had been dying in since 1959, caused a rollback of spending. The legacy of these massive projects was huge spending to advance the sciences required to produce each. The need for these computers in SAGE and other critical infrastructure to withstand a nuclear war led to ARPANET, which over time evolved into the Internet. The subsequent privatization of these projects, the rapid advancement in making chips, and the drop in costs while frequent doubling of speeds based on findings from each discipline finding their way into others then gave us personal computing and the modern era of PCs then mobile devices. But it all goes back to projects like ENIAC, Whirlwind, and SAGE. Here, we can see generations of computing evolve with each project. I'm frequently asked what's next in our field. It's impossible to know exactly. But we can look to mega projects, many of which are transportation related - and we can look at grants from the NSF. And DARPA and many major universities. Many of these produce new standards so we can also watch for new RFCs from the IETF. But the coolest tech is probably classified, so ask again in a few years! And we can look to what inspires - sometimes that's a perceived need, like thwarting nuclear war. Sometimes mapping human genomes isn't a need until we need to rapidly develop a vaccine. And sometimes, well… sometimes it's just returning to some sense of normalcy. Because we're all about ready for that. That might mean not being afraid of nuclear war as a society any longer. Or not being afraid to leave our homes. Or whatever the world throws at us next.

What is the nature of innovation? Is it overhearing a conversation as with Morse and the telegraph? Working with the deaf as with Bell? Divine inspiration? Necessity? Science fiction? Or given that the answer to all of these is yes, is it really more the intersectionality between them and multiple basic and applied sciences with deeper understandings in each domain? Or is it being given the freedom to research? Or being directed to research? Few have as storied a history of innovation as Bell Labs and few have had anything close to the impact. Bell Labs gave us 9 Nobel Prizes and 5 Turing awards. Their alumni have even more, but those were the ones earned while at Bell. And along the way they gave us 26,000 patents. They researched, automated, and built systems that connected practically every human around the world - moving us all into an era of instant communication. It's a rich history that goes back in time from the 2018 Ashkin Nobel for applied optical tweezers and 2018 Turing award for Deep Learning to an almost steampunk era of tophats and the dawn of the electrification of the world. Those late 1800s saw a flurry of applied and basic research. One reason was that governments were starting to fund that research. Alessandro Volta had come along and given us the battery and it was starting to change the world. So Napolean's nephew, Napoleon III, during the second French Empire gave us the Volta Prize in 1852. One of those great researchers to receive the Volta Prize was Alexander Graham Bell. He invented the telephone in 1876 and was awarded the Volta Prize, getting 50,000 francs. He used the money to establish the Volta Laboratory, which would evolve or be a precursor to a research lab that would be called Bell Labs. He also formed the Bell Patent Association in 1876. They would research sound. Recording, transmission, and analysis - so science. There was a flurry of business happening in preparation to put a phone in every home in the world. We got the Bell System, The Bell Telephone Company, American Bell Telephone Company patent disputes with Elisha Gray over the telephone (and so the acquisition of Western Electric), and finally American Telephone and Telegraph, or AT&T. Think of all this as Ma' Bell. Not Pa' Bell mind you - as Graham Bell gave all of his shares except 10 to his new wife when they were married in 1877. And her dad ended up helping build the company and later creating National Geographic, even going international with International Bell Telephone Company. Bell's assistant Thomas Watson sold his shares off to become a millionaire in the 1800s, and embarking on a life as a Shakespearean actor. But Bell wasn't done contributing. He still wanted to research all the things. Hackers gotta' hack. And the company needed him to - keep in mind, they were a cutting edge technology company (then as in now). That thirst for research would infuse AT&T - with Bell Labs paying homage to the founder's contribution to the modern day. Over the years they'd be on West Street in New York and expand to have locations around the US. Think about this: it was becoming clear that automation would be able to replace human efforts where electricity is concerned. The next few decades gave us the vacuum tube, flip flop circuits, mass deployment of radio. The world was becoming ever so slightly interconnected. And Bell Labs was researching all of it. From physics to the applied sciences. By the 1920s, they were doing sound synchronized with motion and shooting that over long distances and calculating the noise loss. They were researching encryption. Because people wanted their calls to be private. That began with things like one-time pad cyphers but would evolve into speech synthesizers and even SIGSALY, the first encrypted (or scrambled) speech transmission that led to the invention of the first computer modem. They had engineers like Harry Nyquist, whose name is on dozens of theories, frequencies, even noise. He arrived in 1917 and stayed until he retired in 1954. One of his most important contributions was to move beyond printing telegraph to paper tape and to helping transmit pictures over electricity - and Herbert Ives from there sent color photos, thus the fax was born (although it would be Xerox who commercialized the modern fax machine in the 1960s). Nyquist and others like Ralph Hartley worked on making audio better, able to transmit over longer lines, reducing feedback, or noise. While there, Hartley gave us the oscillator, developed radio receivers, parametric amplifiers, and then got into servomechanisms before retiring from Bell Labs in 1950. The scientists who'd been in their prime between the two world wars were titans and left behind commercializable products, even if they didn't necessarily always mean to. By the 40s a new generation was there and building on the shoulders of these giants. Nyquist's work was extended by Claude Shannon, who we devoted an entire episode to. He did a lot of mathematical analysis like writing “A Mathematical Theory of Communication” to birth Information Theory as a science. They were researching radio because secretly I think they all knew those leased lines would some day become 5G. But also because the tech giants of the era included radio and many could see a day coming when radio, telephony, and aThey were researching how electrons diffracted, leading to George Paget Thomson receiving the Nobel Prize and beginning the race for solid state storage. Much of the work being done was statistical in nature. And they had William Edwards Deming there, whose work on statistical analysis when he was in Japan following World War II inspired a global quality movement that continues to this day in the form of frameworks like Six Sigma and TQM. Imagine a time when Japanese manufacturing was of such low quality that he couldn't stay on a phone call for a few minutes or use a product for a time. His work in Japan's reconstruction paired with dedicated founders like Akio Morita, who co-founded Sony, led to one of the greatest productivity increases, without sacrificing quality, of any time in the world. Deming would change the way Ford worked, giving us the “quality culture.” Their scientists had built mechanical calculators going back to the 30s (Shannon had built a differential analyzer while still at MIT) - first for calculating the numbers they needed to science better then for ballistic trajectories, then with the Model V in 1946, general computing. But these were slow; electromechanical at best. Mary Torrey was another statistician of the era who along with Harold Hodge gave us the theory of acceptance sampling and thus quality control for electronics. And basic electronics research to do flip-flop circuits fast enough to establish a call across a number of different relays was where much of this was leading. We couldn't use mechanical computers for that, and tubes were too slow. And so in 1947 John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley invented the transistor at Bell Labs, which be paired with Shannon's work to give us the early era of computers as we began to weave Boolean logic in ways that allowed us to skip moving parts and move to a purely transistorized world of computing. In fact, they all knew one day soon, everything that monster ENIAC and its bastard stepchild UNIVAC was doing would be done on a single wafer of silicon. But there was more basic research to get there. The types of wires we could use, the Marnaugh map from Maurice Karnaugh, zone melting so we could do level doping. And by 1959 Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng gave us metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors, or MOSFETs - which was a step on the way to large-scale integration, or LSI chips. Oh, and they'd started selling those computer modems as the Bell 101 after perfecting the tech for the SAGE air-defense system. And the research to get there gave us the basic science for the solar cell, electronic music, and lasers - just in the 1950s. The 1960s saw further work work on microphones and communication satellites like Telstar, which saw Bell Labs outsource launching satellites to NASA. Those transistors were coming in handy, as were the solar panels. The 14 watts produced certainly couldn't have moved a mechanical computer wheel. Blaise Pascal and would be proud of the research his countries funds inspired and Volta would have been perfectly happy to have his name still on the lab I'm sure. Again, shoulders and giants. Telstar relayed its first television signal in 1962. The era of satellites was born later that year when Cronkite televised coverage of Kennedy manipulating world markets on this new medium for the first time and IBM 1401 computers encrypted and decrypted messages, ushering in an era of encrypted satellite communications. Sputnik may heave heated the US into orbit but the Telstar program has been an enduring system through to the Telstar 19V launched in 2018 - now outsourced to a Falcon 9 rocket from Space X. It might seem like Bell Labs had done enough for the world. But they still had a lot of the basic wireless research to bring us into the cellular age. In fact, they'd plotted out what the cellular age would look like all the way back in 1947! The increasing use of computers to do the all the acoustics and physics meant they were working closely with research universities during the rise of computing. They were involved in a failed experiment to create an operating system in the late 60s. Multics influenced so much but wasn't what we might consider a commercial success. It was the result of yet another of DARPA's J.C.R. Licklider's wild ideas in the form of Project MAC, which had Marvin Minsky and John McCarthy. Big names in the scientific community collided with cooperation and GE, Bell Labs and Multics would end up inspiring many a feature of a modern operating system. The crew at Bell Labs knew they could do better and so set out to take the best of Multics and implement a lighter, easier operating system. So they got to work on Uniplexed Information and Computing Service, or Unics, which was a pun on Multics. Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Doug McIllroy, Joe Assana, Brian Kernigan, and many others wrote Unix originally in assembly and then rewrote it in C once Dennis Ritchie wrote that to replace B. Along the way, Alfred Aho, Peter Weinber, and Kernighan gave us AWSK and with all this code they needed a way to keep the source under control so Marc Rochkind gave us the SCCS, or Course Code Control System, first written for an IBM S/3370 and then ported to C - which would be how most environments maintained source code until CVS came along in 1986. And Robert Fourer, David Gay, and Brian Kernighan wrote A Mathematical Programming Language, or AMPL, while there. Unix began as a bit of a shadow project but would eventually go to market as Research Unix when Don Gillies left Bell to go to the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana. From there it spread and after it fragmented in System V led to the rise of IBM's AIX, HP-UX, SunOS/Solaris, BSD, and many other variants - including those that have evolved into the macOS through Darwin, and Android through Linux. But Unix wasn't all they worked on - it was a tool to enable other projects. They gave us the charge-coupled device, which resulted in yet another Nobel Prize. That is an image sensor built on the MOS technologies. While fiber optics goes back to the 1800s, they gave us attenuation over fiber and thus could stretch cables to only need repeaters every few dozen miles - again reducing the cost to run the ever-growing phone company. All of this electronics allowed them to finally start reducing their reliance on electromechanical and human-based relays to transistor-to-transistor logic and less mechanical meant less energy, less labor to repair, and faster service. Decades of innovation gave way to decades of profit - in part because of automation. The 5ESS was a switching system that went online in 1982 and some of what it did - its descendants still do today. Long distance billing, switching modules, digital line trunk units, line cards - the grid could run with less infrastructure because the computer managed distributed switching. The world was ready for packet switching. 5ESS was 100 million lines of code, mostly written in C. All that source was managed with SCCS. Bell continued with innovations. They produced that modem up into the 70s but allowed Hayes, Rockewell, and others to take it to a larger market - coming back in from time to time to help improve things like when Bell Labs, branded as Lucent after the breakup of AT&T, helped bring the 56k modem to market. The presidents of Bell Labs were as integral to the success and innovation as the researchers. Frank Baldwin Jewett from 1925 to 1940, Oliver Buckley from 40 to 51, the great Mervin Kelly from 51 to 59, James Fisk from 59 to 73, William Oliver Baker from 73 to 79, and a few others since gave people like Bishnu Atal the space to develop speech processing algorithms and predictive coding and thus codecs. And they let Bjarne Stroustrup create C++, and Eric Schmidt who would go on to become a CEO of Google and the list goes on. Nearly every aspect of technology today is touched by the work they did. All of this research. Jon Gerstner wrote a book called The Idea Factory: Bell Labs and the Great Age of American Innovation. He chronicles the journey of multiple generations of adventurers from Germany, Ohio, Iowa, Japan, and all over the world to the Bell campuses. The growth and contraction of the basic and applied research and the amazing minds that walked the halls. It's a great book and a short episode like this couldn't touch the aspects he covers. He doesn't end the book as hopeful as I remain about the future of technology, though. But since he wrote the book, plenty has happened. After the hangover from the breakup of Ma Bell they're now back to being called Nokia Bell Labs - following a $16.6 billion acquisition by Nokia. I sometimes wonder if the world has the stomach for the same level of basic research. And then Alfred Aho and Jeffrey Ullman from Bell end up sharing the Turing Award for their work on compilers. And other researchers hit a terabit a second speeds. A storied history that will be a challenge for Marcus Weldon's successor. He was there as a post-doc there in 1995 and rose to lead the labs and become the CTO of Nokia - he said the next regeneration of a Doctor Who doctor would come in after him. We hope they are as good of stewards as those who came before them. The world is looking around after these decades of getting used to the technology they helped give us. We're used to constant change. We're accustomed to speed increases from 110 bits a second to now terabits. The nature of innovation isn't likely to be something their scientists can uncover. My guess is Prometheus is guarding that secret - if only to keep others from suffering the same fate after giving us the fire that sparked our imaginations. For more on that, maybe check out Hesiod's Theogony. In the meantime, think about the places where various sciences and disciplines intersect and think about the wellspring of each and the vast supporting casts that gave us our modern life. It's pretty phenomenal when ya' think about it.

2 tháng 8 là ngày gì? Hôm nay là ngày sinh của Lê Quý Đôn SỰ KIỆN 1884 – Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Lịch làm lễ đăng quang hoàng đế thứ 8 của triều Nguyễn tại Điện Thái Hòa, đặt niên hiệu là Hàm Nghi. 1966 – Tiêm kích Su-17 của Liên Xô có chuyến bay thử nghiệm đầu tiên. Sinh 1726 – Lê Quý Đôn, Bảng nhãn, nhà bác học thời Hậu Lê, Việt Nam (m. 1784). 1923 – Shimon Peres, cựu Tổng thống Israel, Nobel hòa bình năm 1994 (m. 2016). 1834 - Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi , nhà điêu khắc người Pháp, thiết kế Tượng Nữ thần Tự do (mất năm 1904) 1835 - Elisha Grey , doanh nhân người Mỹ, đồng sáng lập Western Electric (mất năm 1901) Mất 1922 - Alexander Graham Bell , kỹ sư người Canada gốc Scotland, phát minh ra điện thoại (sinh năm 1847) 1978 - Antony Noghès , doanh nhân người Pháp, thành lập Monaco Grand Prix (1890) Chương trình "Hôm nay ngày gì" hiện đã có mặt trên Youtube, Facebook và Spotify: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aweekmedia - Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/c/AWeekTV - Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6rC4CgZNV6tJpX2RIcbK0J #aweektv # 2thang8 Các video đều thuộc quyền sở hữu của Adwell jsc, mọi hành động sử dụng lại nội dung của chúng tôi đều không được phép. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/aweek-tv/message

Ngày 20 tháng 4 có những thông tin chính sau: SỰ KIỆN 1534 – Theo ủy thác của Quốc vương Pháp, Jacques Cartier căng buồm đi tìm hành lang phía tây để đến châu Á. 1535 - Hiện tượng mặt trời giả được quan sát thấy ở Stockholm , sau này được mô tả trong bức tranh nổi tiếng Vädersolstavlan . 1926 – Western Electric và Warner Brothers quảng cáo Vitaphone, phương pháp cho để làm phim có tiếng. 2008 - Danica Patrick vô địch Indy Japan 300, trở thành tay đua nữ đầu tiên trong lịch sử vô địch giải đua xe Indy . Sinh 1808 - Napoléon đệ tam , Tổng thống đầu tiên của Pháp (mất năm 1873) 1889 - Adolf Hitler, trùm phát xít Đức 1966 - David Filo, doanh nhân người Mỹ, đồng sáng lập Yahoo! 1972 - Lê Huỳnh Đức , cầu thủ, huấn luyện viên và quản lý bóng đá Việt Nam 1983 – Trường Giang, diễn viên, MC Việt Nam. 1983 – Miranda Kerr, người mẫu người Úc. Mất 1918 - Karl Ferdinand Braun , nhà vật lý và học giả người Mỹ gốc Đức, người đoạt giải Nobel (sinh năm 1850) Braun đã đóng góp đáng kể vào sự phát triển của công nghệ phát thanh và truyền hình 2018 - Avicii , DJ và nhạc sĩ Thụy Điển (sinh năm 1989) Ủng hộ chúng tôi bằng cách like và share video này bạn nhé. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/aweek-tv/message

The Regal Theater in Durham, NC was one of many theaters opened specifically for African-Americans in the South. When the Regal opened its doors to moviegoers in 1930, it boasted a Western Electric sound system--making it the first "Negro" theater in the United States to have such powerful equipment. Source: "Open $50,000 Theater in North Carolina" - The Afro American - Dec. 27, 1930 References: Cinema Treasures, OpenDurham, And Justice For All, personal graduate research (2018) --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/kindarispicturespodcast/support

Today, we are digging in on the Hawthorne Effect. This effect is named after a series of tests done at Western Electric’s Hawthorne location back in the 1920s. The aim of the study was to see how changes in worker conditions would impact productivity, and it was one of the first bits of research into determining worker opinions and mindset into the company’s planning process.  Before we get to that, I am very excited to share that it has been officially announced that I will be speaking at Podcast Movement Virtual this year! I’m on a panel about creating better pitches for being a guest on podcasts so your efforts don’t get deleted. Learn more and get your ticket. The Hawthorne Effect has two main impacts: 1) people change their behavior when they know they are being watched (especially if they know what the watcher is hoping to achieve), and 2) giving people an opportunity to be involved in the process can boost morale, productivity and more.  As with every concept, there are two sides to this coin. Often, you want to avoid letting people know they are being watched as it will impact results. However, as you’ll learn in the episode, there are some specific times and advantages to having people know they are being watched. Understanding this concept more will help you apply the logic within your business for the best possible results.  Show Notes: [00:45] I am very excited to share that I will be speaking at Podcast Movement Virtual this year! [03:51] The Hawthorne effect is named after a series of tests done at Western Electric’s Hawthorne location back in the 1920s and 1930s. The aim was to see how changes in worker conditions would impact productivity, and it was one of the first bits of research into determining worker opinions and mindset into the company’s planning process. [04:50] In 1924, they were part of a study to see how the brightness of lighting would impact output...the results were very puzzling... [05:24] A few years later, Hawthorne started a new experiment with Harvard to see how relays could be created more efficiently. [06:05] The studies concluded that one big difference was being able to provide input and an ability to be treated as a human person with opinions and worth. These findings resulted in changes in working conditions far beyond the Hawthorne location and Western Electric over the decades that followed. [06:27] The other important piece of information from these studies is the finding that when people know they are being watched, and especially when they know what the researchers are looking for, it biases the results. [06:59] When modern researchers have looked back on the data from the original Hawthorne studies, they found some issues. For one thing, there were too many factors being changed at once, and that likely influenced the outcome of the research. [08:19] In its simplest form, the Hawthorne Effect is saying that when people know they are being observed, or that there is an experiment taking place, it changes their behavior. The mere act of doing an experiment impacts the results. [09:01] If you are trying to find out what people naturally do, you are running an experiment of some kind and want to see if a small change can impact behavior, you do not want those involved in the test to be biased and change their actions simply because they are being tested. [09:41] The true intent of a behavioral or psychological study like this will often be hidden within the experiment itself. [11:04] Other studies have shown that when people know what the researchers are looking for, they will on some level give a little extra effort to help prove them right. So, if it is important that you get a natural view of what is going on in the brain or behavior, you want to be as incognito as you can. [13:36] An example from my own visits to branches during my corporate life, and why staying for a longer period of time is important. [14:30] It’s better to integrate with the team as much as you can to become “one of them” so they let their guard down. Sporadic visits don’t have the same impact. [14:59] If you are looking for something specific in those visits, don’t tell the people on the team what you are trying to do when it can be avoided. [16:38] Stanford University found that for the simple tasks, monitoring helped boost productivity because the workers made a game out of accomplishing the tasks so they wouldn’t get bored. [17:03] For those with more complex tasks, productivity went down. Those workers felt the monitoring was too controlling and impacted their ability to do a good job. They felt rushed, which created stressful time pressure.  [17:22] With simple tasks that can get monotonous, monitoring that encourages gamification can be really helpful in boosting productivity and making it more fun for workers. With more complex stuff, people may feel threatened, be scared of punishment for mistakes, or make them focus too narrowly on things that might not be fully important. [19:08] Remember, being treated well and being involved in the process was determined to be a big reason why the Hawthorne studies had such a big impact on productivity. [20:20] That was another key piece of the Hawthorne studies, the boost in productivity happened in all the cases, like with the lights, when you turned them up, down, or kept them the same people had increased productivity during the study but they reverted when they got back to the normal work environment. [21:06] Be careful when you have a hypothesis or are going in with a goal to make sure you aren’t too focused on finding the outcome you are looking for. [22:06] Digging deeper is always a good idea. And now that you know how the Hawthorne effect can be helpful and how it can be a hindrance, you have the opportunity to learn about your teams and hopefully boost morale, productivity, efficiency, and so much more. Thanks for listening. Don’t forget to subscribe on Apple Podcasts or Android. If you like what you heard, please leave a review on iTunes and share what you liked about the show.  Let’s connect: Melina@TheBrainyBusiness.com The Brainy Business® on Facebook The Brainy Business on Twitter The Brainy Business on Instagram The Brainy Business on LinkedIn Melina on LinkedIn The Brainy Business on Youtube More from The Brainy Business: Master Your Mindset Mini-Course BE Thoughtful Revolution - use code BRAINY to save 10% Get Your FREE ebook Melina’s John Mayer Pandora Station! Listen to what she listens to while working Articles and Past Episodes: Systematic Review of the Hawthorne Effect: New concepts are Needed to Study Research Participation Effects The Hawthorne Effect and Behavioral Studies The "Hawthorne Effect" — What Did the Original Hawthorne Studies Actually Show? The Hawthorne Effect - Or Why Everything Works Hemming and Hawing over Hawthorne: Work Complexity and the Divergent Effects of Monitoring on Productivity Hawthorne Effect Hawthorne Studies Podcast Movement Virtual Could You Leverage Podcast Guesting to Grow Your Visibility? Louise Brogan: The Social Bee Ian Anderson Gray How To Set Up Your Own Experiments Time Pressure Priming Focusing Illusion Loss Aversion The IKEA Effect and Effort Heuristic Confirmation Bias Incentives

THE ELECTRIFYING DEMISE by James Munson, Joy Munson (Co-Author) I've had this story in my mind for 40 years and tried to find some one to write it for me since my handwriting is illegible. Then I decided to learn to type but I'm not a good student and that didn't work out, so one day I decided to punch it out, hunt and peck style on the computer, which worked better because I think faster than I type; therefore, I didn't have to go back and change too many ideas. What I learned was, "writing" is fun and it amazed me how I would introduce a character in one place and they would show up later as an integral part of the story. If you have a desire to write just sit at your word processor and start. The story will flow out by itself. At least that's the way it happened to me. My wife asked me who wrote the book because the grammar and descriptions didn't sound like they came from me. The story is set in The Dalles Oregon. I had an uncle who lived there. His ranch was west of town with an enormous pine tree in the front yard. In the early 40s my dad and I (I was 14 at the time) spanned the tree. As I recall it took us 4 or 5 times to go around that tree. We started at a chalk mark stretched finger tip to finger tip until we reached the original chalk mark. About the Author Jim in his favourite attire while "playing" in his complete woodshop. He was a carpenter, salesman, lay preacher and high school shop teacher. A happy RR retired pensioner and family man; breakfast weekly with Marines comrades; workshop and praise to his God; loving Maudie (Joy) and his only surviving daughter with 1st wife; and short auto driving trips before we both gave up driving in the early 80's. I will miss him and my children's father. All is well. Joy was employed as a secretary for attorneys; bookkeeper for 1st husband's painting business and mother of their 4 children; Campbell Soup inventory control clerk; and retired from Western Electric (now AT&T) as data processing associate. Enjoyed life as a homemaker, Sunday school teacher, community musical theatre performances; large citywide choir member; Red Cross Water Safety instructor and lifeguard; founded a YMCA aquatic arts and synchronized swimming group and now retired, handcrafts, needlework, gardening and good health is a blessing http://www.joy-stories.net/ https://www.amazon.com/Electrifying-Demise-James-Munson/dp/1648581137/ref=sr_1_7?dchild=1&keywords=matchstick+literary&qid=1591658943&sr=8-7 http://www.bluefunkbroadcasting.com/root/twia/jmunson.mp3

On July 15th, 1915, a steamship with a checkered past called the SS Eastland docked at a wharf on the Chicago River in downtown Chicago, ready to transport 2500 Western Electric employees and their families across Lake Michigan to a company picnic. Once boarding completed, however, terrible tragedy struck when the ship tilted over and into the river, killing over 800 people -mostly women and children- in a horrific, chaotic scene.  My guest is Michael McCarthy, author of the New York Times Bestseller "Ashes Under Water: The SS Eastland and the Shipwreck That Shook America". He offers a fascinating glimpse into the history of the ill-fated SS Eastland and recounts the story of the tragic sinking and its aftermath, including famed attorney Clarence Darrow's involvement in the trial that followed.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Best Sellers In History Series 8 - "Reginald F. Lewis"   This episode of the Best Sellers in History series is different from the other episodes we've had. We are going to do an interview not with the person himself, but with his friend, Lin Hart. He wrote a book about a period of Reginald Lewis' life. As we talk to Lin, we discover how Reginald was able to inspire us to achieve our goals and become great sellers as well.    Knowing Lin Hart Lin had a great experience when he was still a customer, back when he first purchased his own computer. His brother had told him to get a computer and with the help of his colleague's daughter, who was a salesperson with new computer company, was able to decide what computer to buy and make all the purchasing decisions    He was reluctant but the young lady was excellent. She came over to his office and explained to him all the things he needed. She also picked out the right package for Lin. The computer came with a lot of instructions and she explained how it worked, and explained the purchase price in detail. Her attitude was great. She called personally, came, and delivered the product herself.    The beginning  Lin started working for Western Electric,  a company that later became AT&T Network Systems. This company manufactured all the telephone equipment for all the telephone companies back when they were still in a monopoly arrangement. Lin left the company in 1995 and decided to work for himself as a professional speaker.   With success as a professional speaker, the company expanded into executive coaching. The job allowed him to travel around the country. By 2011, he decided to relax and began to limit his traveling. It was then that Lin was asked to write down his thoughts and record his experience. Lin wasn't keen to do it until Reginald's wife and mother personally asked him to write about Reginald. There weren't many people who were close to Reginald Lewis, as he was an extremely private individual. Being so close to Reginald, he was in the perfect position to write about him and Reginald F Lewis, The young man before the billion-dollar empire was born.   Sales on Spotlight - Reginald F Lewis?  Reginald Lewis passed away in 1993 and at the time of his death, he was arguably the richest African-American on the planet. He had several business deals including that last one, the International division of Beatrice Foods. It was a company that was doing an excess of $2 billion a business. When he closed a deal, they didn't realize that he was a young African-American businessman. Reginald was an extraordinarily successful businessman with extraordinary wealth. Unfortunately, he was gone too soon.    Linn and Reginald's relationship started when they were young men growing up in the same Baltimore neighborhood. He lived three blocks away from Lin's family. They would see each other often and eventually, they became friends and competed against each other in high school sports. While Reginald went to Dunbar High School, Linn went to Edmondson High School. They both won athletic scholarships to attend Virginia State University for football where Linn and Reginald became roommates and close friends. They remained close and would stay connected through their professional careers as well.   Attributes of Reginald F Lewis  Reginald didn't come from wealth. He was a man who had sustainable beliefs about the inevitability of his own success. He never doubted for a minute he was going to be successful despite many shortcomings. Regardless of the situation, Reginald didn't let those things deter him from his path to success.  While people talk about how to think in terms of a  box, he, on the other hand, never saw a box. He was always upbeat and was able to overcome his lack of money with good grades in school.    Every salesperson has the innate ability to survive. This instinct is embedded in their brains. We are all born with a desire to be good at something, whether it's in sports, speaking, or some other skill. The trick is to find what lights our fire.  We have to figure out the drive that propels us to go where we want to go in this life. Discovering what lights our fire requires a certain amount of determination. Reginald was certainly driven and it took him a long way.    Ability to think ahead Lin and Reginald started to look for jobs so they decided to apply at a recently opened bowling alley. It didn't take a long time to note that it was a predominantly white institution. While black people can come in, there were certain lines they didn't cross. Reginald didn't see those lines and didn't want to work under such limitations. After a time, Reginald began getting to school late. Apparently, he'd gotten the job and was running the bowling alley as the night manager! It was extraordinary.     Lin was working for AT&T and he had the responsibility for network systems engineering in the Western part of the country. He had a little workgroup of guys who came up with ideas about how to provide the propagation studies for towers in Australia. The cellular phone business was just starting to ramp up and the propagation studies were designed to know where the towers should be placed. Lin had 30-40 engineers working for him. Reginald heard about this and called to suggest buying assets from Lin's company. It was a considerable business and through their discussion, Lin discovered Reginald had the money to afford the assets. It was then that Lin realized Reginald was playing in a different league.    There are so many things that people didn't know about Reginald. He was a private man and he was a behind-the-scenes guy. The inspiration to write the book stemmed from the desire to let people know who Reginald really was as an individual and not just a person who made a fortune.    No straight line to success Reginald didn't have a straight line to success. He had some rough patches as well, with bumps and obstacles he had to overcome. The most important thing was that he understood when there was a need to change direction and change plans. Most people are reluctant to change because they fear the outcome that may come after the changes.    Change is difficult and is never free.  If you think about the resources that a person brings to their job, whether it's a salesperson, a businessman, or other career, you only have certain things that you can invest your time, your capital, and your money in. When you make significant changes in your life, you see you don't have to expend all of these.    Overcoming the failures  Reginald was able to overcome failures. Salespeople can do the same thing by loving what they do. You need to make sure that whatever you do, it takes you in the direction of something you feel good about. You need to feel proud about it and see that it's meaningful work. Examine yourself and ask yourself if you are really doing what you could be good at.    Do a deep dive and understand your business at a granular level as opposed to a surface level. Sometimes people are in the right place but they're not getting any success in their business because they haven't spent time truly understanding what it is that they do.    Details matter You can be brilliant even if you don't have a command of the details but there's a big chance you're going to miss some steps in the process. You don't need to be mired in detail but you do need to have a deep understanding of all the details. We fail when we put limitations on ourselves. Again, the most impactful limitations are the ones we put on ourselves.    The most impactful limitations you will face will be the ones you place on yourself. #SalesFacts Best Sellers In History Series 8 - "Reginald F. Lewis" episode resources Lin's very first client was a man named James White, a young African-American business man who worked for Nestle Purina. He's now the chairman and CEO of Jamba Juice. That's his life now as an executive coach and a writer. You can follow Lin via his LinkedIn and  Facebook.  You can also talk to Donald anything about sales via LinkedIn, Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook for any sales concerns.  This episode is brought to you in part by TSE Certified Sales Training Program. It's a course designed to help new and struggling sellers to master the fundamentals of sales and close more deals. Sign up now and get the first two modules for free! You can also call us at (561) 570-5077.  We have a new semester beginning on February 14th and we would love to have you and your team join us. Follow this link to apply to the program.  We'd love for you to join us for our next episodes so tune in on Apple Podcast, Google Podcast, Stitcher, and Spotify. You can also leave comments, suggestions, and ratings to every episode you listen to.  You can also read more about sales or listen to audiobooks on Audible and explore this huge online library. Register now to get a free book and a 30-day free trial.  Audio provided by Free SFX and Bensound. Other songs used in the episodes are as follows: The Organ Grinder written by Bradley Jay Hill, performed by Bright Seed, and Produced by Brightseed and Hill.

La primera película sonora estrenada en España fue “La Canción de París”, protagonizada por Maurice Chevalier (sólo estaban sonorizadas las canciones de Chevalier, no los diálogos), el 19 de Septiembre de 1929 en el cine Coliseum de Barcelona, que fue el primer cine español en instalar los equipos de sonido de la Western Electric. La primera película doblada al castellano con voces lationamericanas, fue el musical de Broadway “Río Rita” (Luther Reed, 1929), aunque en su estreno en el cine Tívoli de Barcelona el 19 de Abril de 1930 tuvo que ser proyectada en versión original con subtítulos en castellano por problemas con los equipos de sonido.

Summary: Skip has never had sushi; Earl is not a fan of low-balling; and Fender Bassmans rock Twice a month, guitar amp guru Skip Simmons fields your questions on vintage tube amp buying, restoration and repair. Co-hosted by the Fretboard Journal’s Jason Verlinde. Submit your guitar amp questions to Skip here: podcast@fretboardjournal.com or by leaving us a voicemail or text at 509-557-0848. Some of the topics discussed on this episode: 1:50 John Lennon in Sacramento 3:17 A quick story about Earl Yarrow 12:20 Western Electric hi-fi collecting 14:40 Music recommendations: The Originals; Skip Mahoney & the Casuals; Julie London; "On the Alamo" 17:28: This week's sponsors: Grez Guitars and Mono Cases 18:15 Skip addresses the critics (on grounded cords, replaced caps) 30:02 "Solder," revisited 31:39 Removing the ground hum of two amps running together 34:50 Making an amp out of a sushi platter; recommended needle nose pliers 38:27 6L6s in a Deluxe Reverb  42:41 Skip on your voicemail 45:20 President Skip?, practicalities of running an attenuator 50:33 Acoustic tube amps, revisited 54:45 A 1968 Princeton non-reverb lacking volume 57:47 Other vintage Gibson amps 1:03:00 The truth about unmodified Gibson Falcons and Silverface Champs 1:09:41 Vox Pacemakers overview 1:12:24 The unique properties of a Fender Bassman 1:15:38 Using pre-amp tube as a power tube 1:19:40 Learning soldering and circuits from simple pedal kits and the little Ruby: http://www.runoffgroove.com/ruby.html 1:24:58 Running a Champ through a Variac versus a Hammond 290AX power transformer 1:27:44 A 1963 Fender Vibrolux with treble hiss 1:35:14 Speakers for a 1965 Ampeg Reverberocket 2 GS-12R 1:39:44 Non-lead solder 1:43:54 Biasing a cathode bias amp 1:49:49 Measuring plate current 1:54:57 The Baffler returns!

Kornélok ünnepelnek ma, de megemlékeztünk az Alfa Holdbázisban elszabaduló Hold évfordulójáról, ahogy Roald Dahl angol íróról, a „Meghökkentő mesék” szerzőjéről is. Lapszemle, tőzsde. Budapest te csodás rovatunkban elmondtuk, miért nem költöztethető el a Várban lévő Western Electric 7a1 rotary telefonközpont. Andó Gergellyel, a Közlekedésvilág lapcsoport lapigazgatójával az elővárosi vonatokról, metrókról és azok összekapcsolásáról beszélgettünk. Ezután érdekes kísérletbe kezdtünk. Meghívtuk L. Dézsi Zoltánt, az ATV Heti Napló Svábyval című műsorának szerkesztőjét, hogy együtt faggassuk Madár Istvánt, a portolio.hu vezető elemzőjét arról, hogy mikor lesz nekünk eurónk. Az egész beszélgetés látható lesz vasárnap este 7 órakor az ATV-n.

The S.S. Eastland, known as the “Speed Queen of the Great Lakes,” was part of a fleet of five excursion boats assigned to take Western Electric employees, families and friends across Lake Michigan to Michigan City, Indiana, for a day of fun and fellowship. But the festivities were short-lived and quickly turned tragic.The Eastland, docked at the Clark Street Bridge, never left the Chicago River. Tragedy struck as the ship rolled over into the river at the wharf’s edge. More than 2,500 passengers and crew members were on board that day – and 844 people lost their lives, including 22 …

Henry Walton of Mendenhall, Mississippi, grew up in Waycross, Georgia, the son of a high school principal. He was seven years old when his father took him to see a performance by Birch the Magician and it inspired him to take up magic as a hobby. In this episode, Walton discusses that experience and the Gilbert Mysto Magic Sets he later received for Christmas. He began collecting books on magic, learning card and coin tricks to fool his friends and family. Walton also recalls how a high school variety show gave him the chance to debut as a magician before a large audience. After WWII, Walton traveled the South, installing telephone office equipment for Western Electric. While stationed in Tampa, he met a man well-known by magicians for building quality magic apparatus. He remembers how Warren Hamilton offered to build him an entire magic show and sponsored his membership in the International Brotherhood of Magicians. After moving to Mississippi and getting married, Walton decided to take up magic, again, as a hobby. When Birch the Magician came to Jackson to perform, Walton took his wife to see his childhood inspiration. It was there he met Jackson magician, Gene Grant, and the two men became friends. He recalls how they formed a Mississippi chapter of the International Brotherhood of Magicians (local chapters are called “rings” after the famous linking rings trick). Soon, “Ring 98” was attracting members from across the state to their monthly meetings where they performed for each other and the public at special events. PHOTO: Walton performs at Jackson Mall, 1974.

Thousands of people showed up early in downtown Chicago on the morning of July 24, 1915, to board the boats that would take them to a day of fun on the Western Electric company picnic. Little did they know that the day would quickly turn into the worst maritime disaster ever seen on the Great Lakes.

Burlington's Economic Development Director Peter Bishop talks about the American Institute of Architects Sustainable Design Assessment Team visit Wednesday, Sept. 19 - Friday, Sept. 21. Basically, we're getting $200,000 of in-kind design and architectural study for the vacant 23-acre site that was once a hub of Burlington industry and economy. The team will take public comments and ideas during sessions Wednesday. Find out more at BurlingtonNC.gov/WesternElectric, and leave your ideas there if you can't make it. Peter Bishop can be reached at PBishop@BurlingtonNC.gov.

Wayne Neyens was a very prolific pinball designer, most famous for his time at Gottlieb. We discuss everything from his time at Western Electric and Supply to his career at Gottlieb and a bit beyond.  He is almost 99 years old, and as such, has seen a LOT of interesting happenings in coin op since he started at Western. Wayne was incredibly generous with his time and willingness to discuss some of these items of curiosity. Thank you again, Wayne!

Louis Richard Sosthenes Behn (Jan 30, 1882 – June 6, 1957) was an American businessman who held the rank of Lieutenant Colonel (Lt Col) at the time of his death as a veteran of the US Army. Sosthenes was born in the island of St. Thomas, then part of the Danish West Indies. His ancestry was German on his paternal side, and French on his maternal side. He served in the United States Army and was commissioned a Captain June 19, 1917 while serving in the Signal Corp. He served with distinction during World War I. (History does not indicate that he bypassed the rank of Major.) Behn served with the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in France until February 1919. He was given command of the 232nd Field Signal Battalion, Chateau-Thierry, St. Mihiel, Argonne. In recognition of his meritorious service during the WWI, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal (DSM). He was a telephone executive, president, and founder of the International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation (ITT), one of the largest communications companies in the world. After his return from military service, along with his brother, Hernando, Lt Colonel Behn co-founded the Puerto Rico Telephone Company which eventually spawned IT&T. Under his guidance, IT&T was granted the monopoly of telephone service in Spain (Compañía Telefónica Nacional de España) in 1924 and purchased the international division of Western Electric. Margaret Dunlap Behn, his wife, born Sept 2, 1891, died January 26, 1977, is buried with her husband and son, Edward John Behn, in Section 3 of Arlington National Cemetery. Next week’s (28th May) topic: Mr. William Leidesdorff

终于可以膜东神了！来本期老司机听d7day aka 毛毛东大神钦定采访内容，涉及R2R 、Delta-Sigma 解码架构；Western Electric 出品的喇叭和胆机为什么被钦定，以及东神个人的一些音响计划。据说老司机还会在不久之后根据本期节目内容制作评论轨，敬请期待。

终于可以膜东神了！来本期老司机听d7day aka 毛毛东大神钦定采访内容，涉及R2R 、Delta-Sigma 解码架构；Western Electric 出品的喇叭和胆机为什么被钦定，以及东神个人的一些音响计划。据说老司机还会在不久之后根据本期节目内容制作评论轨，敬请期待。

Every year, Western Electric contracted excursion boats to take employees to the annual picnic, from Chicago to Michigan City, IN. In July of 1915, one ship would never leave the wharf.

L'histoire du cinéma sonore débute véritablement avec les premiers films dialogués qui marquent une transformation fondamentale du langage filmique. Une nouvelle forme de narration naît avec Le Chanteur de Jazz, et d'une manière plus significative encore avec L'Ange bleu ou Lights of New-York. A partir des équipements Vitaphone de la Western Electric de 1927 (le projecteur à disque, le premier haut-parleur de l'histoire du cinéma), jusqu'au système RCA Photophone mis au point pour Orson Welles en 1940, les sons du cinéma parlant seront présentés et diffusés dans leur forme originelle lors de cette conférence, ce qui permettra une comparaison inédite et spectaculaire des différents systèmes. Des premiers balbutiements des années Vingt à la Seconde Guerre mondiale, nous retracerons à travers ces projections la révolution sonore des techniques, ses implications pour l'industrie du cinéma et l'évolution des standards qui découlèrent de ces nouveaux procédés. Des appareils anciens et rarissimes seront exposés. Jean-Pierre Verscheure est professeur à l'Institut National Supérieur des Arts du Spectacle (INSAS) de Bruxelles. Collectionneur d'appareils cinématographiques, il est à l'origine d'un centre d'études sur les techniques cinématographiques, Cinévolution, dans lequel plus d'une quarantaine d'installations sonores ou visuelles d'époque ont pu être restituées permettant de présenter les films dans leurs conditions de projection d'origine.

The S.S. Eastland, known as the “Speed Queen of the Great Lakes,” was part of a fleet of five excursion boats assigned to take Western Electric employees, families and friends across Lake Michigan to Michigan City, Indiana, for a day of fun and fellowship. But the festivities were short-lived and quickly turned tragic.The Eastland, docked at the Clark Street Bridge, never left the Chicago River. Tragedy struck as the ship rolled over into the river at the wharf’s edge. More than 2,500 passengers and crew members were on board that day – and 844 people lost their lives, including 22 …