Podcasts about hungarian jews

As a member of the WVHA, Rudy had unfettered access to everything involved in the concentration camp system, and it was his expertise that led him to spearhead Operation Hoess: The mass deportation and execution of Hungarian Jews. During this time, however, the Allies have successfully invaded Europe and the time of the Third Reich is nearing its inevitable end. We then touch upon the aftermath, the Nuremberg Trials, and the poetic justice which befalls Rudy as he is executed on the very grounds of Auschwitz he helped create.

On today's program, Fellowship's C.J. Burroughs shares a “Heroes of the Holocaust” story about a Christian who sheltered for 150 Hungarian Jews.

In EPISODE 204 OF GROWING OLDER LIVING YOUNGER, I have the pleasure of speaking with Dr. Robert Wolf, a distinguished neuro-radiologist, and author of the compelling book, Not a Real Enemy: The True Story of a Hungarian Jewish Man's Fight for Freedom. In this work, Dr. Wolf chronicles the harrowing and inspiring journey of his father, Ervin Wolf, who survived the brutalities of both Nazi and communist regimes in Hungary. The narrative sheds light on the often overlooked history of the nearly half a million Hungarian Jews who were deported and killed during the Holocaust. Through an epic tale of daring escapes, oppressive regimes, personal loss, and ultimate triumph, Dr. Wolf not only preserves his family's legacy but also contributes a vital perspective to Holocaust literature. In our conversation today, we'll delve into the experiences that shaped Ervin Wolf's indomitable spirit, the process of documenting such a personal and historical account, and the lessons we can draw about resilience, freedom, and the enduring human spirit. Episode Timeline: 0.01 Introduction to the Podcast and Guest 3:02 The inscription for Robert Wolf's book 7:32 Conversation on Religion and Survival 10:54 The evolution and the message of Not A Real Enemy 16:49 The Impact of the Holocaust and personal stories 25:46 Lessons from the Holocaust and Personal Reflections 29:29 Advances in Neuro-Radiology 33:57 The Role of Biochemistry and Metabolism in Medicine 37:48  Final Thoughts Action Steps: Age is Just a Number Check out the Age is Just a Number A to Z 2025 Blogging Challenge Schedule a  FREE CALL with Dr. Gillian Lockitch. https://calendly.com/askdrgill/30min Join the GOLY Community: https://www.facebook.com/groups/growingolderlivingyounger Learn about Dr. Robert Wolf and  “Not a Real Enemy: The True Story of a Hungarian Jewish Man's Fight for Freedom” https://mybook.to/I3hEA5 https://www.youtube.com/robertjwolfmd https://www.linkedin.com/in/robert-j-wolf-md https://www.instagram.com/RobertJWolfMD https://twitter.com/RobertJWolfMD https://www.facebook.com/notarealenemy https://robertjwolfmd.com/ And remember to rate and review the show.

About my Guest Rob Wolf:Robert Wolf M.D., grew up as the only child of Ervin and Judit Wolf. Their stories of their escape from communist Hungary, and his father's tragic history of escaping the Nazis twice but having his own parents deported to Auschwitz, inspired Robert to document his parents' tales and share those stories with Jewish groups and others throughout the United States. In "Not a Real Enemy," Robert shares his family saga-and the forgotten history of the nearly half million Hungarian Jews who were deported and killed during the Holocaust-through an epic and inspiring tale of daring escapes, terrifying oppression, tragedy, and triumph. #holocaust #hangry #Auschwitz================All Episodes can be found at ⁠https://www.podpage.com/speaking-podcast/ All about Roy / Brain Gym & Virtual Assistants at ⁠https://roycoughlan.com/⁠ ------------------   What we Discussed:  00:15 Who is Rob Wolf01:15 Does he Experience Censorship04:40 Polish got a Raw deal in WW207:15 Liberland09:35 Auschwitz in Poland12:50 October 7th In Israel14:30 The Olympics is where the Whole World becomes Unified15:35 Did Hitler go to Argentina?17:30 The Falkans & Antartica19:20 THe History of the Book25:45 Did they talk about the woar during his upbringing28:20 How does his family react to his book and mission30:40 His Dads Escape37:00 Hatred for the Germans was a Mistake38:30 His Book has achieved a lot of Awards39:55 Despite the Trauma they did not share stories with the ChildrenHow to Contact Rob Wolf: https://robertjwolfmd.com/https://www.facebook.com/notarealenemyhttps://x.com/RobertJWolfMDhttps://www.youtube.com/robertjwolfmdhttps://www.instagram.com/RobertJWolfMDhttps://www.linkedin.com/in/robert-j-wolf-md/------------------All about Roy / Brain Gym & Virtual Assistants at ⁠https://roycoughlan.com/⁠ ___________________

A complex array of individual responses to the abuse of power by the state is represented in this book in three horrific episodes in the history of East-Central Europe. The three events followed each other within a span of about ten years: the deportation and murder of Hungarian Jews in Nazi death and labor camps; the Arrow Cross terrorist rule in Budapest; and finally the Stalinist terror in Hungary and East-Central Europe. In Survival under Dictatorships: Life and Death in Nazi and Communist Regimes (Central European UP, 2024), László Borhi explores the relationship between the individual and power, attempting to understand the mechanism of oppression and terror produced by arbitrary, unbridled power through the experience of normal people. Despite the obvious peculiarities of time and place, the Hungarian cases convey universal lessons about the Holocaust, Nazism, and Stalinism. In the author's conception, the National Socialist and Stalinist experiences are linked on several levels. Both regimes defended their visions of the future against social groups whom they saw as implacable enemies of those visions, and who therefore had to be destroyed for sake of social perfection. Furthermore, the social practices of National Socialism were passed on. And although Stalinism was imposed by a foreign power, some of the survival skills for coping with it were rehearsed under the previous hellish experience. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

A complex array of individual responses to the abuse of power by the state is represented in this book in three horrific episodes in the history of East-Central Europe. The three events followed each other within a span of about ten years: the deportation and murder of Hungarian Jews in Nazi death and labor camps; the Arrow Cross terrorist rule in Budapest; and finally the Stalinist terror in Hungary and East-Central Europe. In Survival under Dictatorships: Life and Death in Nazi and Communist Regimes (Central European UP, 2024), László Borhi explores the relationship between the individual and power, attempting to understand the mechanism of oppression and terror produced by arbitrary, unbridled power through the experience of normal people. Despite the obvious peculiarities of time and place, the Hungarian cases convey universal lessons about the Holocaust, Nazism, and Stalinism. In the author's conception, the National Socialist and Stalinist experiences are linked on several levels. Both regimes defended their visions of the future against social groups whom they saw as implacable enemies of those visions, and who therefore had to be destroyed for sake of social perfection. Furthermore, the social practices of National Socialism were passed on. And although Stalinism was imposed by a foreign power, some of the survival skills for coping with it were rehearsed under the previous hellish experience. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

A complex array of individual responses to the abuse of power by the state is represented in this book in three horrific episodes in the history of East-Central Europe. The three events followed each other within a span of about ten years: the deportation and murder of Hungarian Jews in Nazi death and labor camps; the Arrow Cross terrorist rule in Budapest; and finally the Stalinist terror in Hungary and East-Central Europe. In Survival under Dictatorships: Life and Death in Nazi and Communist Regimes (Central European UP, 2024), László Borhi explores the relationship between the individual and power, attempting to understand the mechanism of oppression and terror produced by arbitrary, unbridled power through the experience of normal people. Despite the obvious peculiarities of time and place, the Hungarian cases convey universal lessons about the Holocaust, Nazism, and Stalinism. In the author's conception, the National Socialist and Stalinist experiences are linked on several levels. Both regimes defended their visions of the future against social groups whom they saw as implacable enemies of those visions, and who therefore had to be destroyed for sake of social perfection. Furthermore, the social practices of National Socialism were passed on. And although Stalinism was imposed by a foreign power, some of the survival skills for coping with it were rehearsed under the previous hellish experience. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/german-studies

A complex array of individual responses to the abuse of power by the state is represented in this book in three horrific episodes in the history of East-Central Europe. The three events followed each other within a span of about ten years: the deportation and murder of Hungarian Jews in Nazi death and labor camps; the Arrow Cross terrorist rule in Budapest; and finally the Stalinist terror in Hungary and East-Central Europe. In Survival under Dictatorships: Life and Death in Nazi and Communist Regimes (Central European UP, 2024), László Borhi explores the relationship between the individual and power, attempting to understand the mechanism of oppression and terror produced by arbitrary, unbridled power through the experience of normal people. Despite the obvious peculiarities of time and place, the Hungarian cases convey universal lessons about the Holocaust, Nazism, and Stalinism. In the author's conception, the National Socialist and Stalinist experiences are linked on several levels. Both regimes defended their visions of the future against social groups whom they saw as implacable enemies of those visions, and who therefore had to be destroyed for sake of social perfection. Furthermore, the social practices of National Socialism were passed on. And although Stalinism was imposed by a foreign power, some of the survival skills for coping with it were rehearsed under the previous hellish experience. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/genocide-studies

A complex array of individual responses to the abuse of power by the state is represented in this book in three horrific episodes in the history of East-Central Europe. The three events followed each other within a span of about ten years: the deportation and murder of Hungarian Jews in Nazi death and labor camps; the Arrow Cross terrorist rule in Budapest; and finally the Stalinist terror in Hungary and East-Central Europe. In Survival under Dictatorships: Life and Death in Nazi and Communist Regimes (Central European UP, 2024), László Borhi explores the relationship between the individual and power, attempting to understand the mechanism of oppression and terror produced by arbitrary, unbridled power through the experience of normal people. Despite the obvious peculiarities of time and place, the Hungarian cases convey universal lessons about the Holocaust, Nazism, and Stalinism. In the author's conception, the National Socialist and Stalinist experiences are linked on several levels. Both regimes defended their visions of the future against social groups whom they saw as implacable enemies of those visions, and who therefore had to be destroyed for sake of social perfection. Furthermore, the social practices of National Socialism were passed on. And although Stalinism was imposed by a foreign power, some of the survival skills for coping with it were rehearsed under the previous hellish experience. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/russian-studies

A complex array of individual responses to the abuse of power by the state is represented in this book in three horrific episodes in the history of East-Central Europe. The three events followed each other within a span of about ten years: the deportation and murder of Hungarian Jews in Nazi death and labor camps; the Arrow Cross terrorist rule in Budapest; and finally the Stalinist terror in Hungary and East-Central Europe. In Survival under Dictatorships: Life and Death in Nazi and Communist Regimes (Central European UP, 2024), László Borhi explores the relationship between the individual and power, attempting to understand the mechanism of oppression and terror produced by arbitrary, unbridled power through the experience of normal people. Despite the obvious peculiarities of time and place, the Hungarian cases convey universal lessons about the Holocaust, Nazism, and Stalinism. In the author's conception, the National Socialist and Stalinist experiences are linked on several levels. Both regimes defended their visions of the future against social groups whom they saw as implacable enemies of those visions, and who therefore had to be destroyed for sake of social perfection. Furthermore, the social practices of National Socialism were passed on. And although Stalinism was imposed by a foreign power, some of the survival skills for coping with it were rehearsed under the previous hellish experience. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/eastern-european-studies

Welcome to What Matters Now, a weekly podcast exploring key issues currently shaping Israel and the Jewish World, with host deputy editor Amanda Borschel-Dan speaking with comedian/filmmaker Adir Miller and his mother Marianne Miller, a child Holocaust survivor. On January 27, Marianne -- a well-known Israeli speaker and educator -- will address the United Nations General Assembly on International Holocaust Remembrance Day, commemorating the 80th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau. Born in wartime Budapest, Marianne will speak in New York about her survival story, surrounded by three generations of her family, as she was last year while leading a March of the Living delegation from the city of her birth to Auschwitz. As a baby, Marianne was saved by her mother, who tore off her yellow star and, holding her daughter, ran away from a transport for mothers and children to certain death. They evaded capture after Marianne's mother bribed an Arrow Cross Hungarian Nazi soldier with a simple golden ring. Son Adir, one of Israel's most celebrated comedians and artists, used his mother's stunning survival story as the basis of his recent movie, "The Ring," which he wrote, directed and starred in. "The Ring" is playing now in Israeli theaters with some 240,000 viewers so far. It will be screened in New York on January 28 at a special screening hosted by the Israeli-American Council (IAC). This year marks 80 years since the liberation of Auschwitz, where over 1.2 million people, including 400,000 Hungarian Jews, were murdered. So this week, we ask Adir and Marianne Miller, what matters now. What Matters Now podcasts are available for download on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, YouTube or wherever you get your podcasts. This episode was produced by the Pod-Waves. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In the early 20th century, Budapest was the second-largest Jewish city in Europe, and Jewish artists and intellectuals played a major role in the city's cosmopolitan cultural life. Among them was theater and cinema director and producer Béla Pásztor, whose career was marked by early success and later oppression. In a conversation with UC San Diego history professor Deborah Hertz, Béla's son, Rafael Pastor, explores his family's history before, during, and after the Nazi occupation of Hungary, including his parents' emigration to Israel, where he was born. In commemoration of the 80th anniversary of the deportations and annihilations of Hungarian Jews in 1944, which Béla survived in hiding, the conversation is preceded by a brief historical overview and survivor testimonies of this harrowing—and unforgettable—tragedy. Series: "Library Channel" [Humanities] [Show ID: 40227]

In the early 20th century, Budapest was the second-largest Jewish city in Europe, and Jewish artists and intellectuals played a major role in the city's cosmopolitan cultural life. Among them was theater and cinema director and producer Béla Pásztor, whose career was marked by early success and later oppression. In a conversation with UC San Diego history professor Deborah Hertz, Béla's son, Rafael Pastor, explores his family's history before, during, and after the Nazi occupation of Hungary, including his parents' emigration to Israel, where he was born. In commemoration of the 80th anniversary of the deportations and annihilations of Hungarian Jews in 1944, which Béla survived in hiding, the conversation is preceded by a brief historical overview and survivor testimonies of this harrowing—and unforgettable—tragedy. Series: "Library Channel" [Humanities] [Show ID: 40227]

In the early 20th century, Budapest was the second-largest Jewish city in Europe, and Jewish artists and intellectuals played a major role in the city's cosmopolitan cultural life. Among them was theater and cinema director and producer Béla Pásztor, whose career was marked by early success and later oppression. In a conversation with UC San Diego history professor Deborah Hertz, Béla's son, Rafael Pastor, explores his family's history before, during, and after the Nazi occupation of Hungary, including his parents' emigration to Israel, where he was born. In commemoration of the 80th anniversary of the deportations and annihilations of Hungarian Jews in 1944, which Béla survived in hiding, the conversation is preceded by a brief historical overview and survivor testimonies of this harrowing—and unforgettable—tragedy. Series: "Library Channel" [Humanities] [Show ID: 40227]

In the early 20th century, Budapest was the second-largest Jewish city in Europe, and Jewish artists and intellectuals played a major role in the city's cosmopolitan cultural life. Among them was theater and cinema director and producer Béla Pásztor, whose career was marked by early success and later oppression. In a conversation with UC San Diego history professor Deborah Hertz, Béla's son, Rafael Pastor, explores his family's history before, during, and after the Nazi occupation of Hungary, including his parents' emigration to Israel, where he was born. In commemoration of the 80th anniversary of the deportations and annihilations of Hungarian Jews in 1944, which Béla survived in hiding, the conversation is preceded by a brief historical overview and survivor testimonies of this harrowing—and unforgettable—tragedy. Series: "Library Channel" [Humanities] [Show ID: 40227]

In the early 20th century, Budapest was the second-largest Jewish city in Europe, and Jewish artists and intellectuals played a major role in the city's cosmopolitan cultural life. Among them was theater and cinema director and producer Béla Pásztor, whose career was marked by early success and later oppression. In a conversation with UC San Diego history professor Deborah Hertz, Béla's son, Rafael Pastor, explores his family's history before, during, and after the Nazi occupation of Hungary, including his parents' emigration to Israel, where he was born. In commemoration of the 80th anniversary of the deportations and annihilations of Hungarian Jews in 1944, which Béla survived in hiding, the conversation is preceded by a brief historical overview and survivor testimonies of this harrowing—and unforgettable—tragedy. Series: "Library Channel" [Humanities] [Show ID: 40227]

In the early 20th century, Budapest was the second-largest Jewish city in Europe, and Jewish artists and intellectuals played a major role in the city's cosmopolitan cultural life. Among them was theater and cinema director and producer Béla Pásztor, whose career was marked by early success and later oppression. In a conversation with UC San Diego history professor Deborah Hertz, Béla's son, Rafael Pastor, explores his family's history before, during, and after the Nazi occupation of Hungary, including his parents' emigration to Israel, where he was born. In commemoration of the 80th anniversary of the deportations and annihilations of Hungarian Jews in 1944, which Béla survived in hiding, the conversation is preceded by a brief historical overview and survivor testimonies of this harrowing—and unforgettable—tragedy. Series: "Library Channel" [Humanities] [Show ID: 40227]

Max Pearson presents a collection of the week's Witness History episodes. We hear a first-hand account of the attack at the offices of French satirical magazine, Charlie Hebdo. Our expert guest is Dr Chris Millington, who leads the Histories and Cultures of Conflict research group at Manchester Metropolitan University. We also hear about Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg who saved thousands of Hungarian Jews during World War Two. Plus, the Bosphorus boat spotter tracking Russian military trucks in Turkey. Russian military trucks on a civilian ship bound for Syria.Also, the Norwegian man who invented the hotel key card in the 1970s.Finally, we're sparking joy with Japanese tidying expert Marie Kondo. Contributors: Riss – Charlie Hebdo cartoonist.Dr Chris Millington - Histories and Cultures of Conflict research group at Manchester Metropolitan University. Yörük Işık – boat spotter.Archive recordings from 2015. Anders – son of Tor Sornes.Marie Kondo - organising consultant. (Photo: Charlie Hebdo mural. Credit: Christopher Furlong/Getty Images)

Raoul Wallenberg, a Swedish diplomat, saved thousands of Hungarian Jews from the Nazis during World War Two.Once Soviet troops reached Budapest, Wallenberg reported to Soviet officials on 17 January 1945. But he was never seen in public again. Rumours of his fate have circled ever since: a Soviet government report said he died of a heart attack in prison, while former officials said he was executed, and prisoners claimed to have seen him decades later. There is still a campaign to uncover what happened to him.Alex Last made this programme in 2015 using archive recordings.Eye-witness accounts brought to life by archive. Witness History is for those fascinated by the past. We take you to the events that have shaped our world through the eyes of the people who were there. For nine minutes every day, we take you back in time and all over the world, to examine wars, coups, scientific discoveries, cultural moments and much more. Recent episodes explore everything from football in Brazil, the history of the ‘Indian Titanic' and the invention of air fryers, to Public Enemy's Fight The Power, subway art and the political crisis in Georgia. We look at the lives of some of the most famous leaders, artists, scientists and personalities in history, including: visionary architect Antoni Gaudi and the design of the Sagrada Familia; Michael Jordan and his bespoke Nike trainers; Princess Diana at the Taj Mahal; and Görel Hanser, manager of legendary Swedish pop band Abba on the influence they've had on the music industry. You can learn all about fascinating and surprising stories, such as the time an Iraqi journalist hurled his shoes at the President of the United States in protest of America's occupation of Iraq; the creation of the Hollywood commercial that changed advertising forever; and the ascent of the first Aboriginal MP.(Photo: Raoul Wallenberg in 1937. Credit: Keystone/Getty Images)

My guest today on the Online for Authors podcast is Robert J Wolf, author of the book Not a Real Enemy. Robert is a neuroradiologist who attended the University of Michigan Medical School and completed his training at Brown and Yale Universities. He grew up in a suburb of Detroit as the only child of Ervin and Judit Wolf. Their stories of their escape from communist Hungary, and his father's tragic history of escaping the Nazis twice but losing his own parents, inspired Robert to document his parents' tales and share those stories with Jewish groups, history aficionados, and biography lovers throughout the United States, Europe, and elsewhere. In Not a Real Enemy Robert shares his family saga—and the forgotten history of the nearly half million Hungarian Jews who were deported and killed during the Holocaust—through an epic and inspiring tale of daring escapes, terrifying oppression, tragedy, and triumph. In my book review, I stated 'Not A Real Enemy: The True Story of a Hungarian Jewish Man's Fight for Freedom is an amazing family Holocaust memoir that reads more like a novel. I was brought into the story through the main character, Ervin Wolf, the father of the author - and I turned the pages as quickly as I could until I reached the end. Ervin begins life as a doctor's son and ends life as a doctor in the United States. Everything in between shows the reader the brutalities of the Nazi regime and then the Soviet communists who came after. The story left me wondering if I would have survived? If I would have had the gumption to escape not once, not twice, but three times? It showed me that freedom is something we should value beyond almost everything else. History wants to bury the ugliness that was the Holocaust. Thankfully, memoirs like this and the bravery of authors like Robert make that impossible. Well done. Subscribe to Online for Authors to learn about more great books! https://www.youtube.com/@onlineforauthors?sub_confirmation=1 Join the Novels N Latte Book Club community to discuss this and other books with like-minded readers: https://www.facebook.com/groups/3576519880426290   You can follow Author Robert J Wolf Website: https://robertjwolfmd.com/ Email: Robert@RobertJWolfMD.com LinkedIn: @RobertJWolfMD X: @RobertJWolfMD IG: @robertjwolfmd   Purchase Not a Real Enemy on Amazon: Paperback: https://amzn.to/3TzbV9Q Ebook: https://amzn.to/47xMNWA   Teri M Brown, Author and Podcast Host: https://www.terimbrown.com FB: @TeriMBrownAuthor IG: @terimbrown_author X: @terimbrown1   #robertjwolf #notarealenemy #memoir #holocaustmemoir #holocaust #jewish #terimbrownauthor #authorpodcast #onlineforauthors #characterdriven #researchjunkie #awardwinningauthor #podcasthost #podcast #readerpodcast #bookpodcast #writerpodcast #author #books #goodreads #bookclub #fiction #writer #bookreview *As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.

Dr. Robert Wolf is a neuroradiologist who attended the University of Michigan Medical School and completed his training at Brown and Yale Universities. Robert Wolf is a highly experienced neuroradiologist with 36 years of experience. He has worked as a diagnostic radiologist at various medical centers, where he gained extensive expertise. Since 2018, he has been an independent consultant, providing services for healthcare professionals and imaging centers. His career spans numerous institutions, reflecting a strong commitment to diagnostic radiology and consulting.  He is the author of four award-winning “Not a Real Enemy: The True Story of a Hungarian Jewish Man's Fight for Freedom. He grew up in a suburb of Detroit as the only child of Ervin and Judit Wolf. Their stories of their escape from communist Hungary, and his father's tragic history of escaping the Nazis twice but losing his own parents, inspired Robert to document his parents' tales and share those stories with Jewish groups, history aficionados, and biography lovers throughout the United States, Europe, and elsewhere. In Not a Real Enemy Robert shares his family saga—and the forgotten history of the nearly half million Hungarian Jews who were deported and killed during the Holocaust—through an epic and inspiring tale of daring escapes, terrifying oppression, tragedy, and triumph.  Website: http://RobertJWolfMD.com X: @RobertJWolfMDLinkedIn: RobertJWolfInstagram: RobertJWolfMDFB (Meta) author page: Not a Real Enemy by Robert J Wolf

On this episode of the Christopher Lochhead: Follow Your Different, we have a conversation with Dr. Robert Wolf and delve into the harrowing yet inspiring story of his father, a Hungarian Jewish man who survived the Holocaust and escaped oppressive regimes. This episode is not just a recounting of historical events but a powerful call to action against the rising tide of anti-Semitism and cultural intolerance. You're listening to Christopher Lochhead: Follow Your Different. We are the real dialogue podcast for people with a different mind. So get your mind in a different place, and hey ho, let's go. Dr. Robert Wolf on the Importance of Remembering History Dr. Robert Wolf's book, "Not a Real Enemy", is a poignant reminder of the atrocities of the Holocaust. His father's story, filled with both tragedy and resilience, underscores the importance of remembering and educating others about this dark chapter in history. Because of this, Dr. Wolf expresses deep concern over the current rise in anti-Semitism, noting alarming statistics such as the belief among some young Americans that the Holocaust is a myth. This ignorance is dangerous and highlights the need for proactive education and awareness. The Role of Resilience and Redemption & Understanding Geopolitical Tensions The conversation also touches on the power of resilience and redemption. Dr. Wolf shares his father's journey of rebuilding his life after the Holocaust, emphasizing the importance of integrity and dedication to helping others. They then explore the complexities of geopolitical tensions, particularly focusing on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the broader implications involving Iran. Dr. Wolf and Christopher discuss the historical prejudices and the potential for cooperation and economic growth among Arab nations. Fostering Understanding and Empathy Throughout the episode, Dr. Wolf emphasizes the importance of education and community engagement in combating ignorance and fostering a more inclusive society. He advocates for proactive efforts to educate others about the Holocaust and the dangers of hatred. To hear more from Dr. Robert Wolf and his thoughts on Antisemitiism and the current world events, download and listen to the episode. Bio Dr. Robert J. Wolf is a neuroradiologist with an educational background from the University of Michigan Medical School, Brown University, and Yale University. Inspired by his parents' harrowing experiences escaping communist Hungary and the Holocaust, Dr. Wolf authored "Not a Real Enemy," which recounts his family's survival and the tragic history of Hungarian Jews during World War II. He shares these stories with audiences worldwide, aiming to preserve and highlight this important history. Links Learn more about Dr. Robert Wolf! Website | LinkedIn | X (formerly Twitter) | Facebook | Not A Real Enemy We hope you enjoyed this episode of Christopher Lochhead: Follow Your Different™! Christopher loves hearing from his listeners. Feel free to email him, connect on Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), Instagram, and subscribe on Apple Podcast / Spotify!

In this interview, Jeff talks to Robert J. Wolf MD, author of "Not a Real Enemy: The True Story of a Hungarian Jewish Man's Fight for Freedom." Published by Amsterdam Publishers, this 4-time award winning book is based on Robert's family's history, first living under the Nazis, and then under the communist regime in Hungary. In 1944, almost half a million Jewish Hungarians were deported to Auschwitz. Among the few surviving Hungarian Jews of this era was Robert's father, Ervin Wolf, who was conscripted into the brutal Forced Labor Service, cut off from the outside world, and ordered to endure inhumane brutalities and servitude. Once freed, a new oppression took hold as communist rule under Stalin turned friends to foes, enveloping Hungary with fear and suspicion, testing everyone's character and strength. Robert's book is an exciting page-turner that has a lot of relevance at this particular time in history.To learn more and purchase Robert's book CLICK HERE.Support the Show.If you enjoy our podcast, please consider supporting the show HERE so that our Bible-based message about Israel can continue. God blesses those who bless Israel! We agree with God's Word that He will bless you richly in return!

An amazingly deep and interesting topic this week for our show!Doctor & author, Robert J. Wolf joins Sam & Matt to talk about his book, "Not a Real Enemy," which is the story about his dad's amazing story as a Jewish man in World War II, Nazi Hungary. His dad attempted to escape FOUR times before succeeding, and they talk about that and so many topics!Robert talks about how he got the stories and then decided to put together the stories into a book, what the process was while writing, and how he would like to attempt to get the book into college curriculum, so they don't forget about the Holocaust going forward.It was a great conversation, and so many other topics were covered and the surface was barely scratched! That just means that the guys will need to bring Dr. Rob back to chat further!Enjoy our hangout with Dr. Robert J. Wolf!Find out more information at https://robertjwolfmd.com/, and find where you can get the book, and other information about Dr. Rob!

Click here to send us a text message!Many thanks to Robert J. Wolf, MD, for joining me on this episode of "The Art of Medicine with Dr. Andrew Wilner." Dr. Wolf is a practicing neuroradiologist and author of “Not a Real Enemy,” an historical narrative based on his father's remarkable experiences as a Hungarian Jew before, during, and after the Nazi Occupation. Wolf's Grandfather and Grandmother, like almost another half-million Hungarian Jews, were imprisoned by the Nazi's and died at the infamous prison camp Auschwitz. His father narrowly escaped and eventually had a successful OB-GYN practice in the USA, delivering 10,000 children! During our 30-minute discussion, Dr. Wolf tells us about his parents, the detailed notes they left of their lives, and how he came to write this compelling, historically accurate, biography of his father's harrowing and courageous exploits. To learn more or to contact Dr. Wolf: http://www.robertjwolfmd.com For another fascinating interview that touches on the sensitive topic of anti-semitism, please check out this episode with Edward Halperin, MD, a pediatric radiation oncologist, and Chancellor and Chief Executive Officer of New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, who tells an unbelievable story of anti-semitism in Montreal:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=istDy48DNOE Thanks for listening!Please click "Fanmail" and share your feedback!If you enjoy an episode, please share with friends and colleagues. "The Art of Medicine with Dr. Andrew Wilner" is now available on Alexa! Just say, "Play podcast The Art of Medicine with Dr. Andrew Wilner!" To never miss a program, subscribe at www.andrewwilner.com. You'll learn about new episodes and other interesting programs I host on Medscape.com, ReachMD.com, and RadioMD.com. Please rate and review each episode. To contact Dr. Wilner or to join the mailing list: www.andrewwilner.com To support this program: https://www.patreon.com/andrewwilner Finally, this production has been made possible in part by support from “The Art of Medicine's” wonderful sponsor, Locumstory.com, a resource where providers can get real, unbiased answers about locum tenens. If you are interested in locum tenens, or considering a new full-time position, please go to Locumstory.com. Or paste this link into your browser: ...

Support us on Patreon⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ --- Liam, Russian Sam, and Turan Explorer continue their journey across the vast steppe of Hungarian Turanism in this episode on Ármin Vámbéry, the all-time Orientalist white boy whose remarkable wanderings were fundamental to the development of the Hungarian obsession with the East, and the rise of a political movement that would convince millions of Central Europeans that they were in fact Central Asians deep down. Coming from the humblest of beginnings in Slovakia, Vámbéry overcame abject poverty, brutal antisemitism, and Hungarian Slovakia entirely due to his remarkable language learning abilities and unyielding perseverance. After being hired as a language tutor at the age of 10, he found friends in the local elite of Hungary, eventually pursuing his dream of visiting the Ottoman Empire as a young man. Quickly becoming a favorite of the Turkish aristocracy, one of the only non-Muslims to be called "Effendi," Vámbéry then traveled even further east while posing as an Islamic Dervish, first to Persia and then to the much more remote lands of Central Asia, to cities like Bukhara and Khiva that had not been visited by any European for centuries. After his return, Vámbéry was celebrated across Europe as one of the 19th century's most prominent orientalists. His research and memoirs were of great interest to the British and Russian governments, who each had their own imperial designs on the regions he visited. But in his homeland of Austria-Hungary, Vámbéry's research inaugurated a national obsession with Central Asia, believed to be the homeland of the Hungarian people. By the end of his life in 1913, this Turanist movement had become the most powerful force in Hungarian nationalism, and Vámbéry its prophet. Just as theories of white supremacy were taking hold everywhere else in Europe, Hungarian nationalists proclaimed brotherhood with the peoples of Turkey, Uzbekistan, Japan, and many other nations abroad. After his death, the dismemberment of Hungary following World War One caused a rise of ultra-nationalism throughout the nation, and a subsequent failed revolution led by communist Bela Kun shifted Turanism in a violent anticommunist direction. Turan Explorer covers the ways Turanism adapted to the increasingly antisemitic climate of the 1920s and 1930s, even though many earlier Turanists, including Vámbéry, had been Jewish themselves. Last, Russian Sam explores the ways that Hungarian Jews adopted a form of Turanism as a nationalist mythology specific to their own community. Though now-debunked, the popular Khazar theory envisioned Jewish Hungarians as the blood relatives of their Christian neighbors, and shows how this strange obsession with the East could unite disparate groups as much as divide. Turan Explorer is on ⁠Twitter⁠, ⁠Tiktok⁠, and ⁠Youtube⁠. He also has a podcast, available on ⁠Spotify⁠ and other platforms.

This week, for Yom HaShoah, which falls this year on May 6, we present past interviews with survivors of the Holocaust in Hungary as we mark the deportation of Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz in the spring of 1944, 80 years ago. After a brief intro and announcement of Boston's 2024 community Hazkure, we hear: Mel Mermelstein ז״ל We had a short but memorable interview with Mel in 2008. Mel lived in Munkacs until May 1944, when he was deported to Aushwitz. He passed away in January 2022 at age 95. See also: Mel Mermelstein Wikipedia page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Mermelstein Zoli Langer and Rokhl Zicherman: repeat of our 2020 Yom HaShoah broadcast: Zoli lived in Ungvar and Rokhl in Tybava until they were deported to Auschwitz in the spring of 1944. A long interview of Zoli is presented with a short interlude of Rokhl singing songs about the Holocaust. Both were interviewed in 2019 and currently (2024) reside in the Los Angeles area.

Robert Wolf, M.D., grew up as the only child of Ervin and Judit Wolf. Their stories of their escape from communist Hungary, and his father's tragic history of escaping the Nazis twice but having his own parents deported to Auschwitz, inspired Robert to document his parents' tales and share those stories with Jewish groups and others throughout the United States. In "Not a Real Enemy", Robert shares his family saga and the forgotten history of the nearly half million Hungarian Jews who were deported and killed during the Holocaust through an epic and inspiring tale of daring escapes, terrifying oppression, tragedy, and triumph. Robert Wolf is featured in national media and TV, including ABC TV, NBC TV, FOX TV, CBS TV and more. For more information on Robert Wolf and on "Not a Real Enemy: The True Story of a Hungarian Jewish Man's Fight for Freedom," please visit: https://robertjwolfmd.com and follow @robertjwolfmd on social media. 3 Top Tips  Educate about antisemitism Inspiring story, touching and poignant Appreciate what we have in the free world, vs the dark world Social Media  email: Robert@RobertJWolfMD.com  Website: http://RobertJWolfMD.com  X: https://www.twitter.com/@RobertJWolfMD  LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/robert-j-wolf-md  IG: https://www.instagram.com/robertjwolfmd  FB (Meta) author page: https://www.facebook.com/NotaRealEnemy  YouTube channel: http://youtube.com/robertjwolfmd This link is to Amazon and Barnes & Noble in order to purchase the book Not a Real Enemy: The True Story of a Hungarian Jewish Man's Fight for Freedom, write a review, read the many other reviews, and/or learn more about 4 award-winning “Not a Real Enemy.”

Find me and the show on social media @DrWilmerLeon on X (Twitter), Instagram, and YouTube Facebook page is www.facebook.com/Drwilmerleonctd TRANSCRIPT: Find our guest on his website MikoPeled.com and on X/Twitter @MikoPeled TRANSCRIPT: Announcer (00:06): Connecting the dots with Dr. Wilmer Leon, where the analysis of politics, culture, and history converge. Wilmer Leon (00:15): Welcome to the Connecting the Dots podcast with Dr. Wilmer Leon. I'm Wilmer Leon. Please forgive the hat. I was supposed to go to the barbershop today and get a haircut and I didn't. So please forgive the hat, but you do not want to see this crazy head of hair. Here's the point. We have a tendency to view current events as though they happen in a vacuum, failing to understand the broader historical context in which most events take place. During each episode, my guests and I have probing, provocative, and in-depth conversations that connect the dots between the current events and the broader historic context in which they occur. This enables you to better understand and analyze the events that impact the global village in which we live on today's episode. The issue before us is how long can the United States and the Biden administration continue to support genocide in occupied Palestine? My guest is a mid press news contributing writer, published author and human rights activist, born in Jerusalem. His latest books are The General Son Journey of an Israeli in Palestine and In Justice, the Story of the Holy Land Foundation. Five Miko peed, my brother. Welcome to the show. Miko Peled (01:40): Good to be with you. Thank you. Wilmer Leon (01:42): Let's start with some of the current events and work back. The UN Security Council demanded and immediate ceasefire in Gaza and the US abstained from the vote, and Israel was incredibly, incredibly angry that the United States did not vote no on this. Talk about the significance of that. Miko Peled (02:12): Well, it's the tail wagging of the dog. That's really what this is. Somehow the Israel feels, and rightfully so, that anything that has to do with US policy regarding the Middle East, regarding Iran, regarding the Arab world, Israel needs to call the shots. And so if Israel wants America to veto America vetoes, if Israel doesn't want America to veto, it doesn't veto, and it's happened now. And it happened I think once or twice before where America abstained, where Israel wanted it to veto. So now Israel is and Israeli prime minister are having a tantrum. They're in the middle of a tantrum right now, anger tantrum. How dare the United States not obey the orders of how the dog dare not obey the tail? That's really what it's all about. That's what we're seeing. Wilmer Leon (03:08): So how do we now really reconcile? Because we're hearing now that the relationship, all these great tensions between Netanyahu and Biden and Netanyahu now is not allowing the defense ministers. I think that were supposed to come to Washington to have a meeting. They're not coming, but at the same time, Palestinians continue to die. Palestinians continue to starve, bombs continue to be dropped. So on the ground, there does not seem to be any significant shift in the reality. It's the rhetoric that has changed at this point. Miko Peled (03:53): Look, you're confusing what's important with what is not important. Palestinians dying, starving and all that is immaterial. They're not Europeans, they're not white, they're not Christians, most of 'em, it's really immaterial. What's important is that Israel is satisfied. What's important that the Israeli, the Israeli, different lobby groups, Zionist groups in America are happy. What's important is that the Biden administration, Congress, all the different school boards around the country, chiefs of police tow the line. That's what's important now, and there seems to be like that. There might be a little tiny bit of a shift in this wall of support that this is massive support that Israel has in the United States. It's a very small shift. Mind you, it's nothing major. So this is the important story, the fact that tens of thousands of innocent people are being murdered, and not only does America not try to stop it and nothing to stop it, not only are they selling weapons, they are negotiating. (04:57) They're allowing the perpetrator of this mass slaughter of innocent civilians determine the terms upon which they may or may not agree to stop the killing. So there's no precondition for them to stop the killing while the negotiations are taking place. It's an absurd reality of a kind that is really, I think the only way we can understand just how absurd this is, is to try to imagine that while millions of people were being slaughtered during World War II by the Nazis, that the world would wait for the Nazis to agree to the terms of a ceasefire, supply them with the means to continue the genocide, and then just let them wait for them to agree while people were being slaughtered. I think that is really the only appropriate comparison here to demonstrate just how grotesquely absurd the reality is right now. Wilmer Leon (06:06): So in terms of negotiation, there was a group of Israeli government representatives and Hamas representatives in Qatar, and when the United States failed to veto the ceasefire resolution, Israel threw a fit and the reporting is they withdrew from the negotiations but left a few people behind to continue negotiations. Some people have said to me that what this really represents is Hamas right now has the upper hand and that Israel is losing or realizes that it's damn near lost this war, and that they're trying to find some way to extract some safe face saving element from this. Your thoughts? Miko Peled (07:09): I don't know. I'm not sure. I'm not sure that I would categorize it quite like that. Israel is achieving everything. It wants to achieve. Tens of thousands of Palestinians dead is a good thing for Israel. This is an accomplishment. Over a million close, a million and a half starving homeless people, famine basically this entire log jam taking place around the Gaza Strip, the fighting going on, the Palestinian fighters and Gaza are still fighting. So it shows goods Israel opportunity to still utilize its army. There's no downside here for Israel. Israel has no motivation to end this. The more Palestinians die, the more Palestinians suffer, the happier Israelis seem to be the happier seems to be. And this is really the goal of this whole thing. The goal of this whole thing was not to achieve some kind of a military objective or political objective. It was to slaughter people and the slaughter is allowed to continue. (08:24) The United States is applying all the arms that Israel needs to slaughter these people. And so for Israel, this is all upside. I don't know why people have the impression that Israel wouldn't be happy. They're very happy, and the fact that the negotiations are not working, the fact that first of all, the fact that anybody's negotiating with Israel is absurd, but the fact that not only is Israel showing up, but it can leave the negotiations because it's unhappy. Again, this is all upside for Israel. I don't see any downside here as far as Israel is concerned. Wilmer Leon (08:55): On the 7th of October, I think it was Hasan Nala from Hamas said we weren't ll, I'm sorry, Miko Peled (09:05): Hezbollah. Wilmer Leon (09:06): Hezbollah. I'm sorry, not Hamas. Hezbollah, thank you. He said in his speech, we weren't in it on October 6th, but we're in it on October 8th, and many have been waiting for Hezbollah to get more involved. Folks have been waiting, I believe, for Syria to get more involved. Do you see that on the horizon? People have been waiting for Iran to get more involved. Do you see that on the horizon or are the Palestinians to a great degree being left hung out to dry Miko Peled (09:49): The Palestinian? No, it's not a question of them being left hand out to drive, but I think it was very clear from the very beginning, this is not going to be a regional war. I think it was several weeks into this where there was this much anticipated speech by na. I happened to be in Jordan at the time, and the streets were empty, shops were closed. Everybody was glued to the radios and to the TVs to hear what he was going to say. And he made it absolutely clear this was a local issue. This was not a regional war, so nobody's going to intervene. I think it was obvious from the very beginning that militarily, nobody's going to intervene. That's not what this is about. And when you come to think of it, I think it's probably the responsible approach. We do know that the Yemeni forces are closing. (10:38) The Straits of Bab are disrupting the naval commerce going through the Swiss canal, which of course is a responsible thing to do. But I think we're not going to any of that. We're not going to see that kind of scenario play out in any way, shape or form. What I think we should be demanding is that this government, the US government be held accountable and stop talking about a ceasefire and begging Israel to agree to a ceasefire and negotiating or allowing Israel to negotiate. The sixth fleet is in the Mediterranean. The sixth fleet should follow the example of the Yemeni forces and place a naval blockade against Israel, provide humanitarian aid to the Palestinians in Gaza and impose an arms embargo on Israel. That's really the only thing that that's what we need to be talking about. That's what we need to be demanding of our government. But I don't think there's a realistic expectation that either the Arabs or the Iranians or anybody else would get into this militarily. Wilmer Leon (11:52): So there's a lot of discussion about Israel going into Rafa. If you could talk about that. I can't remember who it was, but I remember somebody telling me that because of the specific geography of that space and now the number of people that are in that space, that this will be worse than what we've seen up to this point, if that's even possible. Miko Peled (12:22): I don't know if that's possible. I mean, I don't know. Worse means the numbers are indicating over 30,000 people murdered, which means realistically probably closer to 50,000, and those are the ones that were fortunate to die immediately. Then you've got, God only knows how many tens of thousands that are dying of their wounds, dying of starvation, dying of disease, dying. And so under the rubble, suffocating to death, it's going to be more of the same. I mean, unless there is an absolute force that places pressure on Israel to stop, there's going to be more, there's going to be another raha. Now they focus on Shifa hospital, then they focus on this, then they focus on that. There's always something that everybody's focused on. The bottom line is the genocide of the Palestinian people is an ongoing process. Unless the perpetrators with genocide are forced to end it, they will not end. I mean, again, I've, I've never used these comparisons before, ever at all in speaking. But in this particular case, I think the appropriate comparison is to Hitler and the Nazis. Unless if the Nazis were not stopped by force, then there would be a lot more millions more dead in Europe. I mean, I don't think there's any question about that. And Israel is the same. Unless it is forced to stop the killing to end the genocide, there will be tens of thousands, more, hundreds of thousands, perhaps dead Palestinians. Wilmer Leon (13:55): I understand the reluctance to use that Nazi comparison. I know I understand the reluctance to use a Hitler comparison, but it seems to be fitting in this context, and this is a question that a lot of people wonder, but because of the threat of being accused of being antisemitic, people don't want to ask. And that is, how can a people that experienced what they experienced during the Holocaust now do exactly the same thing to another group of people? Miko Peled (14:35): Well, that's a question that is asked a lot, and the answer is it's not the same people. Very few survivors of the Holocaust ended up in what became Israel ended up going in Palestine. Many of those that did go there left because they couldn't stand this militaristic, racist state that was established there. And so it's not the same people. The Zionists had planned the genocide and ethnic cleansing and Palestine years before the Holocaust, and the perpetrators of the ethnic cleansing and the genocide are not survivors of anything. These are Zionist colonizers. And so it does a disservice to the survivors of the Holocaust. So had nothing to do with perpetrating these crimes. And it's historically untrue. These are not the same people just because these happen to be Jewish people and these happen to be Jewish people. It's not the same Jewish people. And as a matter of fact, there were many survivors of the Holocaust who stood up very firmly and opposed Zionism and opposed the crimes of the Zionists. (15:45) Many of them unfortunately have passed on, but some of them are still alive and are fighting and speaking out. And many of their descendants, I mean, you've spoken to Rabbi Weiss and others from the ultra-Orthodox, and that entire community are Hungarian Jews. Their families perished in Holocaust, and nobody stands more firmly against Zionism and the crimes of Zionists than they do. And they know firsthand about the Holocaust. They know firsthand, they know the names of the relatives that were murdered during the Holocaust. And so I know this question comes up a lot, but it's not the same people. Wilmer Leon (16:25): And elaborate, if you would please, on the point that Zionism and antisemitism are not the same thing. That the Zionists, Joe Biden is an admitted self-admitted Zionist. Not all Jews are Zionists, not all Zionists are Jews. If you could, because that whole narrative and that mythology is starting to unravel and people are now coming to understand that this is a Zionist issue, this is not a Jewish issue. If you could unpack a little bit of that. Miko Peled (17:06): Sure. That Wilmer Leon (17:07): Narrative, please. Miko Peled (17:08): As people know, Jews are a religious minority that exists everywhere throughout countries of the world. They have for since time. I Memorial, the Zionists picked on an idea which originally was not a Jewish idea. It was a Christian evangelist idea, which is that the Jews are not just a religious minority. They are part of a nation, and they are descendants of the ancient Hebrews. And therefore, in order for there be a second coming of Christ or something, the Jews have to return to their ancestral homeland. The who later established a Zionist movement who were secular Jews who wanted nothing to do with Judaism. They were completely secular. They wanted to have nothing to do with religion or with Judaism. Always Jews who were religious picked up on that and said, well, maybe this is something we should build on. And they built on this idea, which, by the way, contravenes Jewish law because Jewish law prohibits Jews from sovereignty in the holy land. (18:20) I'll say that again. Jewish law, Jews, according to Jewish law, according to their own religion, are prohibited from sovereignty in the holy land. Now, the Zionist having been completely secular and had completely total disregard, if not contempt for religion, particularly the Jewish religion, decided that they would adopt this idea that they named Zionism, which today we know as Zionism, which is a central colonial idea, which was to create a European, Jewish, European colony in Palestine. And since we were talking about Europeans taking over the land of people who are not Europeans, white people who are taking over the lands of people who are not white, the world around plotted this, and the British are plotted it, and the Americans plotted it, and others have plotted it and supported them and so on. So this is what Zionism is. It's a racist, settler, colonial ideology. It's violent. (19:23) It produced a militaristic, violent state, an apartheid state, which is known as the state of Israel. And for the last 76, 7 years, it has been engaged in three, not one, not two, but three crimes against humanity. And these crimes were initiated only three years after the end of the Holocaust. And these crimes are genocide, the definition of which as a law was established after as a result of, to large degree, as a result of the genocide of the Jews in Europe, the crime of ethnic cleansing and the crime of apartheid. So three years after the world made this effort to fight and defeat the Nazis and end the genocide of Jews and so many others by the Nazis, they allowed, the world allowed the Zionist to embark on and of the genocide in Palestine. And that is what we're seeing today. So certainly today, the numbers are very, very high. The violence is extreme, but it's not unique. It is part of something that's been going on for a very long time. It's just now people are paying attention because it is so extreme. Wilmer Leon (20:43): What point, well, before I get there, let ask you this, people can understand your history born in Jerusalem. Your book, the General Son, your father is a historic Israeli general. Your grandfather signed the Israeli Constitution, Miko Peled (21:05): Declar Declaration of Independence. Yes. Wilmer Leon (21:06): Declaration of Independence, Miko Peled (21:07): Yeah. Yes. I come from a, we, and I had this conversation before. I didn't learn about Zionism in a college course or in a textbook. I learned Zionism at the dinner table with my mother's milk, if you will. My family were all deeply patriotic Zionists. They believed they were true believers. They were zealots, if you will. Every conversation around the dinner table, every conversation of family gatherings was about Zionism and how do we further the cause of Zionism and what can we do more for Zionism and how do we contribute to the state and the state, the state, the state, the Jewish state, the Zionist state was the most important thing in every conversation, in every conversation, whether it was a military conversation, whether it was political conversation, whether it was a cultural conversation, whether it's how do we get countries around the world to support us more and all of that sort of thing. This was everything. So that's where I come from. I heard these conversations every single day growing up. And of course, it was very difficult for me to make the transition and to realize what, Wilmer Leon (22:13): And it was also reinforced in school. Miko Peled (22:16): It was reinforced in school, it was reinforced in the media. It was reinforced in culture and literature. It was reinforced in popular culture in everything. Wilmer Leon (22:25): The dehumanization of Palestinians was taught in schools similar to apartheid in South Africa. Miko Peled (22:32): Yes, it was a lot more subtle actually, but it was very, very effective. So you thought you were learning about human right, humanity and liberal ideals and that sort of thing in terms of human rights and people's rights and so forth. And we learned to admire Nelson Mandela and MLK and so on. At the same time, we were perpetrators of these horrific crimes. But because the segregation is so effective, because Israelis, and again, we're talking about very small country, because Israelis live and exist in spheres that are completely, for lack of a better word, cleansed of the other. The segregation is so absolute, so complete. There's no connection. There's no sense that we're causing an injustice because everything, the only thing we know about the other is what we're hearing from our own environment. Wilmer Leon (23:29): It's so insular. Miko Peled (23:31): It's completely insular, very insular. And so you can see when you're on the beach in Tel Aviv, and Tel Aviv is known for its beaches, it's bars, it's restaurant, it's this happy Mediterranean city. And when they bomb Gaza, you see the smoke, you can hear the bombing. Now, there's never been a military in Gaza. Palestinians never had an army. Palestinians never had a tank. At best. They've had grew small groups of resistance fighters, many of them in flip flops and jeans carrying semi-automatic with a handful of bullets. That's it. So that's a Palestinian military, the scope of the Palestinian military. So how can you exist so close to a genocide? Not to mention the fact that my generation, our fathers and mothers participated in these horrific crimes upon which the state of Israel was established and we're proud of it. And you can see today on YouTube, you can see there's lots of footage of that older generation, the generation, my father who was still alive, or before they passed, they were interviewed and they talk about the murder, the rape, the pillaging, the burning of villages, the mass killings and so on. And their other thing is the way they describe it. We had no choice. What else could we do? I mean, if we didn't do it to them, we wouldn't be where we are, which is true, but they justify it. So again, that's where I come from. And the ingenuity of the system is that you can live so close to the other, yet not see the other and then kill the other with a sense of impunity, with a sense of righteousness. Even Wilmer Leon (25:19): Your father is attributed with developing or at least articulating the concept of the two state solution. Isn't that? Is that correct? Miko Peled (25:29): Yes, yes, yes. Immediately after the 1967 war where Israel took the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, he was one of the generals who orchestrated and then executed this war, which people consider so heroic that it's, some people call it a miracle, which of course none of that is true. And I talk about it in detail in my book and the general song, as soon as it was over, he stood up still in uniform. Literally the last day of the war, the first meeting of the Israeli high Commandants said, well, now we have a chance to make peace. Let's allow the Palestinians to have a state in these newly occupied territories, the Westpac, Gaza, give back the other territories that we occupied from the Syrians and the Egyptians, and then we can have peace. And he was taken aside by Rabin and others who are the other generals and said, what are you talking about? Why would we do that? We're strong. It's all ours now. And he said, well, because if we don't, we're going to end up with this catastrophe, something that's not going to work. Everything we accomplish is going to be lost. Wilmer Leon (26:39): So Miko Peled (26:39): Anyways, he did, and then he retired a year later. And the rest of his life, he dedicated, he died in 1995. The rest of his life, he dedicated to this idea of a Palestinian Israeli peace based on the two-state solution as the Israeli establishment made it absolutely clear that was never going to happen and did everything they possibly could to make sure that it would never happen by building for Jews only in the West Bank and so on and so forth. So that is true. He was probably one of the earliest people who talked about this concept of a two state solution. Wilmer Leon (27:16): And your father was a linguist after he left the, was it literature and language? Miko Peled (27:24): Arabic literature? Arabic literature was his topic. And so he taught Arabic literature in universities. In Israeli universities, yes, ISTs. He was Arabic literature forte. And he spoke and read, and he was completely literate in Arabic. Wilmer Leon (27:43): So how does a Israeli general that was as committed to the state of Israel as your father was the son of a signatory to the Declaration of Independence, and now you as their son slash grandson, move beyond the Zionism and the racism and the apartheid to the work that you do now, how's that? Talk about that transformation in your life, in your reality. Miko Peled (28:22): Well, when my father was asked about this, how could a man who was so such a hawk as a general, he was known as a hawk. He pushed for war, he pushed for conquest, suddenly turned around, and he said, well, there was no turnaround. The most important strategic objective for Israel at one point was war. And another point, it was peace. And so as far as he was concerned, he thought, well, we created this Jewish state. Granted, we want all of the land of Israel, but we can't have it because we want to live in peace, so we need to compromise. He was deeply interested in literature. He was deeply interested in Arabic literature. He wanted to know about the neighborhood in which he and others established a state. And so to him, it made perfect sense. Where I think he was misguided, naive, I'm not quite sure. Sure. What is that? He thought that racism and violence can stop at a certain point. And the problem with racism and violence, the problem with settler colonialism is that it has an insatiable appetite. And so there was no way Zionism was going to end at a particular border. The Zionism is a zero sum game. The entire cap tree belongs to us. Nobody else matters. There's no room for compromise. And he was a highly regarded general. He was a highly regarded person in general, and he's a Wilmer Leon (29:47): Historic figure in Miko Peled (29:48): Israel. And then he became a traitor. He was an outcast. And so because he suggested compromise. So moving forward, all these years later, I began engaging in this and became an activist and so on. And I remember the moment where I looked around me, I was in Palestine, and I realized that two state solution is a lie. There was always a lie. There was no chance whatsoever for it ever to be to materialize, because Zionism is a zero sum game. Because the reality that Israel created in Palestine does not allow for compromise. Unless Palestinians go down on their knees and completely surrender or die Israel. That's Wilmer Leon (30:35): Capitulation. That's not compromised. Miko Peled (30:37): Exactly. And that's exactly what Israel wanted. Capitulation. And it's interesting that you use that word because there's a great Palestinian writer by the name of Hassan Canani, and he was assassinated by the Israelis in 72 Lebanon in Beirut. He and his 16-year-old niece were killed in a car bomb that the Israelis placed put in his car. And there's an interview with him, which I strongly recommend. You can find it everywhere, but it's on YouTube where he's questioned, this is 1971 maybe, or something like that. And he is questioned by an Australian journalist, why are you opposed to making peace with Israelis? And he looks at him and says, you don't actually mean peace. You mean capitulation? And he uses that word, you mean capitulation? And the reporter kind of pushes and says, well, why not negotiate? He goes, well, he says That would be a very strange kind of negotiation. (31:37) It would be like negotiations between the sword and the neck. And he made it this point very clear. And he was right. And history has proven him right. And sadly, he was 36, I think when he was assassinated. He's a prolific writer. He is written incredible work. And I strongly recommend people look up and read his stories, his short stories against Ani. But he used the word capitulation because that is the intent of the Zionist from the very beginning, ethnic lensing until the capitulate, and then it's all ours. And if you heard Jared Kushner speak about the wonderful beachfront property, Wilmer Leon (32:19): That was one of my next questions. Go ahead, please, Miko Peled (32:22): Guys. A strip. (32:23) And that's what this is about. It's about getting rid of these brown people so that we can enjoy this beachfront property. And that's exactly the point. We want to get rid of these other people so that the settlers can have it. And you'd think Palestinians have known and enjoyed this beachfront property for thousands of years. Now, suddenly you want them. You think that they don't know that this is wonderful property. They enjoy the beaches. They have homes, they have restaurants and cafes and hotels, just like anybody, any other nation enjoying their beachfront property. Gaza used to be known for before the destruction that Israel brought in 1948 for its beautiful dunes, beautiful beaches, wonderful seafood, magnificent views, the fragrance of the citrus trees that grow there. And I mean, that's what Gaza is known for, wealth, commerce, many education institutions, universities, and so on. That's what Gaza was known for. So now, Jared Kushner finally found out, discovered that this is beach pro property. So he thinks the Jews, white Jews are the ones who need to develop it and enjoy it. And he even used a term similar to the final solution or something like that, which again reminds us of the Nazis. But that's exactly the point. They want it all and they want it for themselves. Wilmer Leon (33:48): Chuck Schumer, Senator Chuck Schumer in the well of the Senate gave a very impassioned speech a couple of weeks ago where he called for Benjamin Netanyahu to step aside, and he many in the west praised Chuck Schumer for taking such a principled stand. He didn't call for a ceasefire. He didn't call for an end to the conflict. In fact, he said, when this eventually ends, and Netanyahu accused him of interfering in Israeli politics, was that Chuck Schumer really just either reading the handwriting on the wall that Netanyahu's got to go, and when you replace him, chances are you're going to get somebody that's even more extreme than he is like Smo. Is it Morich or Gantz, which Miko Peled (34:57): Gantz? Well, nobody can take his place. I mean, this is just talk. There's no one who can take Al's place. But there are several candidates and who knows what Israeli politic guy. Wilmer Leon (35:14): My point in the question is that for Netanyahu, for Schumer, I get it confused to call for new elections. Chances are because of the coalition that Netanyahu had to form, he had to move hard, right? Harder in order to formulate his government. It's only going to get worse. It's not going to get better. Miko Peled (35:44): Well, I think Chuck Schuler doesn't give a damn one way or the other, but there's a lot of pressure in the Democratic Party for the people who are represented, the Democratic Party in important positions to speak up. And so Chuck Schumer, I think he was feeling the pressure and he had to say something. So he said something that like you say, is completely irrelevant. Wilmer Leon (36:06): Well, in the words of that brilliant African-American philosopher, James Brown, he was talking loud and saying nothing Miko Peled (36:14): And being a career politician, and I think he was probably born in the Senate if not conceived. This is what he does. That's what he does for a living. I think he's been in the Senate, or maybe he was in the Congress before that. But I mean, he was a politician his whole life. That's what it's all about. It's talking and talking and talking and saying absolutely nothing of any significance. Now, Netanya created a situation where there's no opposition. So let's say Israelis went to, now, there's no reason for Israelis to go to the elections because it hasn't been four years since the previous elections. And the government is strong, and it has, as long as they have a majority in the House of Representatives, it's a parliamentary system. As long as they have a majority, they don't need to go for elections. And they have a very strong, he has a safe majority. That's why if anybody remembers last year, there were all these massive protests against Netanyahu, but this was from the people, the 45%, not the 55%. So he didn't care. They could protest as long as they want. He was safe. So because he's so safe, there's no reason for elections. And let's say there were elections, he's still the only guy who can form a coalition. He's the only one who can form a coalition. He's the best at it. (37:36) And he has no qualms about who he sits with. And ideologically, I don't think he has a problem sitting with these right wing, neo-Nazi Jews because he agrees with them ideologically, they have a different take on it because they kind of put a kind of a religious spin on it. So they wear the kippas and they pretend to pray and so forth. But Wilmer Leon (37:57): They're arguing over process, not ideology. Miko Peled (38:00): Yeah, exactly. And not even process. I mean, he's very happy to see what is happening in Gaza. This is all, like I said earlier, this is all for him, for Israeli politicians and even for the public. There's no downside. Wilmer Leon (38:16): There has been talk, we were talking about Israel going into Rafa. There's been talk also about Israel going back into Lebanon. Do you see that as a realistic option? Because I would think if they tried again, they'd meet the same fate. Miko Peled (38:38): Well, they're not going to put boots on the ground, that's for sure, because Hezbollah taught them a lesson. And we see in Gaza too, as soon as they started putting boots on the, I didn't think they would, but as soon as they did put boots on the ground in Gaza, they're heavy. Heavy casualties. Heavy casualties. And more than any time within the history of Israel, we see the number of high ranking officers among the casualties, much higher than we've ever seen before. Wilmer Leon (39:09): In fact, from what I understand, before the 7th of October, the average age of an Israeli, I think say from captain on up was like 46 years old, and now it's down to almost 30. Miko Peled (39:28): It could be. It could. There are many, many high ranking officers and commanders of units, commanders of brigade, commanders and so on that have been killed. So they're paying a heavy price. So they're not going to do, I don't believe they're going to make that same. Now, there was a reason to do this in Gaza. I think the Israeli government wants these casualties. It helps morale, it helps unify the country and so on. To do this again in Lebanon, that's a whole other story. Israelis are still, I think, traumatized from what happened in Lebanon in the past. So the only other option would be to bomb Lebanon from the air and again, create this catastrophe of refugees. And I think that's too much even for Israel to handle. So I don't think there's going to be an invasion or a war in Lebanon. Like I said earlier, I don't think that this is not going to lead to a regional war. Wilmer Leon (40:23): This may sound a bit soft morrick, but I think it is a worthwhile question to ask. So South Africa and some other countries bring a case against Israel to the World Court. The United States opposes the process. Also, once the decision was rendered, the United States opposed the decision. This most recent vote in the un, Linda Thomas Greenfield, somebody finally whispered in her ear and said, keep your hand down. Don't vote. Yes. What do you see as being the change in that dynamic? What brought about this most recent action by the United States? Miko Peled (41:13): There's a lot of pressure. Look, there's a lot of pressure today on the Biden administration. There's a lot. People are angry in the State Department. People are angry in the White House. Wilmer Leon (41:21): People in Michigan are really pissed. Miko Peled (41:23): People in Michigan are very, very pissed. I think Joe Biden is in a very, very dangerous position politically, which means the Democratic Party is in very dangerous, very precarious, I should say, position. And so again, that's why we suddenly see Chuck Schumer say something, and then we see this in the un. We see some changes, but this is nothing significant. This is just an attempt to kind of temper the, and kind of calm down the voices that are angry. I don't think it's going to do the job. I think the anger is real, the frustration is real. But these are changes in the margins. Wilmer Leon (42:07): And I know your time is short with me, and I greatly appreciate you squeezing me in. So what happens now, your thoughts on over the next few weeks, what happens over the next year? Miko Peled (42:27): It depends on us. If we act and we start to change the conversation in Washington, then this can end. If we don't, it won't. Look. Does the Wilmer Leon (42:38): Trump administration make a difference? Miko Peled (42:41): Not for the better. I don't think it's about an administration. It's about, it's about, Wilmer Leon (42:47): It's American foreign policy. It's Miko Peled (42:49): Not just American foreign policy. Look, (42:52) To be fair, when you take into consideration what Americans know, what do Americans know? It doesn't matter if it's the president or a member of Congress or it's somebody running for school board or just somebody. It was not a politician. What do we know about Israel? What Americans know about that part of the world is leads Americans to support Israel no matter what. Maybe there's a little bit of shift in the margins, but basically speaking, nobody learns about Palestine. Everybody learns about Israel and a lot the Holocaust, the creation of Israel, Exodus, mega exodus, all this kind of stuff. It's heavily, heavily ingrained everywhere in education, in the media, in culture, in movies, in, I mean, everywhere in the press, in philanthropy, I mean, everywhere. Everywhere. There's so many Zionists nonprofits in America that people would not believe. I mean, how many there are in every state and every city and so on. Wilmer Leon (43:58): And our elections as APAC is spending a hundred million dollars to unseat. So-called liberal Democrats. Miko Peled (44:06): And on top of that, you've got that. So that's on top of that, right? So what do we expect Americans to know? So then somebody comes up and says, we have to boycott the only Jewish state. Well, you've got to be antisemitic to say that somebody says, we need to have a single democracy with equal rights from the river to the sea. People say, well, what about the Jewish state? Do you want to eliminate the Jewish state? There's no context to understand that it's apartheid. Even though Amnesty International provided an excellent report over two years ago that there was the crime, apartheid is being perpetrated. There's no talk about that. There's no understanding that there was a Palestine that was tolerant. There was a Palestine where Jews and others lived. Of course, Palestinians and low Jews live together. There's no context, so there's no understanding. (44:53) So obviously nothing's going to change unless we fill that gap. And to be honest, I'll just say real quick, we're working on initiative here in Washington C to remedy that. It's going to take some time, but at least we're going to try. So without change that is systemic and deep and is based on a solid strategy. We're not going to resolve this, and things are going to go better and better for Israel, and even worse for Palestinians. If anybody can imagine that, that's the only change. Those are the only two options. I don't see a third option. Wilmer Leon (45:30): Miko. ett, again, I know you've got an awful lot to do. You are so gracious with your time. I greatly, greatly appreciate it and look forward to other conversations, and hopefully there'll be under better terms. Miko Peled (45:45): Thank you. It's always a pleasure, my friend. Wilmer Leon (45:48): Folks, what can I say? Thank you to Miko Ped for his time with me today. Thank you all so much for listening to the Connecting the Dots podcast. I'm Dr. Wiler Leon. Stay tuned for new episodes every week. Also, please follow. Please subscribe. Go to Patreon. You can go to patreon.com. Wilmer Leon, please contribute. This isn't cheap. Y'all leave a review and share the show. Follow us on social media. You can find all the links to the show below in the description. And remember, this is where the analysis of politics, culture, and history converge. Because talk without analysis is just chatter, and we don't chatter on connecting the dots. See you next time. Until then, I'm Dr. Wiler Leon. Peace. Have a good one, Announcer (46:48): Connecting the dots with Dr. Where the analysis of politics, culture, and history converge.

https://politzersaga.com/ Did you knowthat March 9th is recognized as Genealogy Day? In our fragmentedworld, tracing genealogy has become a passion project for people worldwide.Think, PBS Finding Your Roots and History Detectives. LindaAmbrus Broenniman has set an amazing example by documenting her family lineage– filled with shocking secrets found in a house fire in a book called The Politzer Saga. There's even a correspondingmuseum exhibition of this family story in Budapest.Imagine growing up as a church-going Catholic and then later in lifediscovering your father was Jewish (a secret he took to his grave) with 8generations of Hungarian Jews before him and from where he and his wifeemigrated to Buffalo, NY in the 1940's. Clara Ambrus, Linda'sCatholic mother hid Jews during the Holocaust and was later recognized as“Righteous Among Nations” at Yad Vashem, the International Holocaust Museum among figures likeSchindler. The story getsbetter. In that lineage were characters like Adam Politzer, known to ENTsas TheFather of Otology. Art collectors, lawyers, and musicians. ForJews, harkening back that far in one's family is rare, hence the moniker of“wandering Jews.” Clara and Julian Ambrus were prominent physicians in theiradopted American hometown of Buffalo,Sadly, Clara lost her life after a house fire – the source of many of thehidden family documents. She will be celebrated there in May with a muraldedication. GenealogyDay might be the ideal time to get a conversation going about family trees,family secrets and where we come from. The Politzer Saga has changed the livesof author Linda Ambrus Broenniman and many of her relatives. Perhaps it's agood time to celebrate our roots.

Most accounts of the Holocaust focus on trainloads of prisoners speeding toward Auschwitz, with its chimneys belching smoke and flames, in the summer of 1944. This book provides a hitherto untold chapter of the Holocaust by exploring a prequel to the gas chambers: the face-to-face mass murder of Jews in Galicia by bullets. The summer of 1941 ushered in a chain of events that had no precedent in the rapidly unfolding history of World War II and the Holocaust. In six weeks, more than twenty thousand Hungarian Jews were forcefully deported to Galicia and summarily executed. In exploring the fate of these Hungarian Jews and their local coreligionists, A Summer of Mass Murder: 1941 Rehearsal for the Hungarian Holocaust (Purdue UP, 2022) transcends conventional history by introducing a multitude of layers of politics, culture, and, above all, psychology--for both the victims and the executioners. The narrative presents an uncharted territory in Holocaust scholarship with extensive archival research, interviews, and corresponding literature across countries and languages, incorporating many previously unexplored documents and testimonies. Eisen reflects upon the voices of the victims, the images of the perpetrators, whose motivation for murder remains inexplicable. In addition, the author incorporates the long-forgotten testimonies of bystander contemporaries, who unwittingly became part of the unfolding nightmare and recorded the horror in simple words. This book also serves as a personal journey of discovery. Among the twenty thousand people killed was the tale of two brothers, the author's uncles. In retracing their final fate and how they were swept up in the looming genocide, A Summer of Mass Murder also gives voice to their story. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Most accounts of the Holocaust focus on trainloads of prisoners speeding toward Auschwitz, with its chimneys belching smoke and flames, in the summer of 1944. This book provides a hitherto untold chapter of the Holocaust by exploring a prequel to the gas chambers: the face-to-face mass murder of Jews in Galicia by bullets. The summer of 1941 ushered in a chain of events that had no precedent in the rapidly unfolding history of World War II and the Holocaust. In six weeks, more than twenty thousand Hungarian Jews were forcefully deported to Galicia and summarily executed. In exploring the fate of these Hungarian Jews and their local coreligionists, A Summer of Mass Murder: 1941 Rehearsal for the Hungarian Holocaust (Purdue UP, 2022) transcends conventional history by introducing a multitude of layers of politics, culture, and, above all, psychology--for both the victims and the executioners. The narrative presents an uncharted territory in Holocaust scholarship with extensive archival research, interviews, and corresponding literature across countries and languages, incorporating many previously unexplored documents and testimonies. Eisen reflects upon the voices of the victims, the images of the perpetrators, whose motivation for murder remains inexplicable. In addition, the author incorporates the long-forgotten testimonies of bystander contemporaries, who unwittingly became part of the unfolding nightmare and recorded the horror in simple words. This book also serves as a personal journey of discovery. Among the twenty thousand people killed was the tale of two brothers, the author's uncles. In retracing their final fate and how they were swept up in the looming genocide, A Summer of Mass Murder also gives voice to their story. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/military-history

Most accounts of the Holocaust focus on trainloads of prisoners speeding toward Auschwitz, with its chimneys belching smoke and flames, in the summer of 1944. This book provides a hitherto untold chapter of the Holocaust by exploring a prequel to the gas chambers: the face-to-face mass murder of Jews in Galicia by bullets. The summer of 1941 ushered in a chain of events that had no precedent in the rapidly unfolding history of World War II and the Holocaust. In six weeks, more than twenty thousand Hungarian Jews were forcefully deported to Galicia and summarily executed. In exploring the fate of these Hungarian Jews and their local coreligionists, A Summer of Mass Murder: 1941 Rehearsal for the Hungarian Holocaust (Purdue UP, 2022) transcends conventional history by introducing a multitude of layers of politics, culture, and, above all, psychology--for both the victims and the executioners. The narrative presents an uncharted territory in Holocaust scholarship with extensive archival research, interviews, and corresponding literature across countries and languages, incorporating many previously unexplored documents and testimonies. Eisen reflects upon the voices of the victims, the images of the perpetrators, whose motivation for murder remains inexplicable. In addition, the author incorporates the long-forgotten testimonies of bystander contemporaries, who unwittingly became part of the unfolding nightmare and recorded the horror in simple words. This book also serves as a personal journey of discovery. Among the twenty thousand people killed was the tale of two brothers, the author's uncles. In retracing their final fate and how they were swept up in the looming genocide, A Summer of Mass Murder also gives voice to their story. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/german-studies

Most accounts of the Holocaust focus on trainloads of prisoners speeding toward Auschwitz, with its chimneys belching smoke and flames, in the summer of 1944. This book provides a hitherto untold chapter of the Holocaust by exploring a prequel to the gas chambers: the face-to-face mass murder of Jews in Galicia by bullets. The summer of 1941 ushered in a chain of events that had no precedent in the rapidly unfolding history of World War II and the Holocaust. In six weeks, more than twenty thousand Hungarian Jews were forcefully deported to Galicia and summarily executed. In exploring the fate of these Hungarian Jews and their local coreligionists, A Summer of Mass Murder: 1941 Rehearsal for the Hungarian Holocaust (Purdue UP, 2022) transcends conventional history by introducing a multitude of layers of politics, culture, and, above all, psychology--for both the victims and the executioners. The narrative presents an uncharted territory in Holocaust scholarship with extensive archival research, interviews, and corresponding literature across countries and languages, incorporating many previously unexplored documents and testimonies. Eisen reflects upon the voices of the victims, the images of the perpetrators, whose motivation for murder remains inexplicable. In addition, the author incorporates the long-forgotten testimonies of bystander contemporaries, who unwittingly became part of the unfolding nightmare and recorded the horror in simple words. This book also serves as a personal journey of discovery. Among the twenty thousand people killed was the tale of two brothers, the author's uncles. In retracing their final fate and how they were swept up in the looming genocide, A Summer of Mass Murder also gives voice to their story. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/jewish-studies

Most accounts of the Holocaust focus on trainloads of prisoners speeding toward Auschwitz, with its chimneys belching smoke and flames, in the summer of 1944. This book provides a hitherto untold chapter of the Holocaust by exploring a prequel to the gas chambers: the face-to-face mass murder of Jews in Galicia by bullets. The summer of 1941 ushered in a chain of events that had no precedent in the rapidly unfolding history of World War II and the Holocaust. In six weeks, more than twenty thousand Hungarian Jews were forcefully deported to Galicia and summarily executed. In exploring the fate of these Hungarian Jews and their local coreligionists, A Summer of Mass Murder: 1941 Rehearsal for the Hungarian Holocaust (Purdue UP, 2022) transcends conventional history by introducing a multitude of layers of politics, culture, and, above all, psychology--for both the victims and the executioners. The narrative presents an uncharted territory in Holocaust scholarship with extensive archival research, interviews, and corresponding literature across countries and languages, incorporating many previously unexplored documents and testimonies. Eisen reflects upon the voices of the victims, the images of the perpetrators, whose motivation for murder remains inexplicable. In addition, the author incorporates the long-forgotten testimonies of bystander contemporaries, who unwittingly became part of the unfolding nightmare and recorded the horror in simple words. This book also serves as a personal journey of discovery. Among the twenty thousand people killed was the tale of two brothers, the author's uncles. In retracing their final fate and how they were swept up in the looming genocide, A Summer of Mass Murder also gives voice to their story. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/genocide-studies

Most accounts of the Holocaust focus on trainloads of prisoners speeding toward Auschwitz, with its chimneys belching smoke and flames, in the summer of 1944. This book provides a hitherto untold chapter of the Holocaust by exploring a prequel to the gas chambers: the face-to-face mass murder of Jews in Galicia by bullets. The summer of 1941 ushered in a chain of events that had no precedent in the rapidly unfolding history of World War II and the Holocaust. In six weeks, more than twenty thousand Hungarian Jews were forcefully deported to Galicia and summarily executed. In exploring the fate of these Hungarian Jews and their local coreligionists, A Summer of Mass Murder: 1941 Rehearsal for the Hungarian Holocaust (Purdue UP, 2022) transcends conventional history by introducing a multitude of layers of politics, culture, and, above all, psychology--for both the victims and the executioners. The narrative presents an uncharted territory in Holocaust scholarship with extensive archival research, interviews, and corresponding literature across countries and languages, incorporating many previously unexplored documents and testimonies. Eisen reflects upon the voices of the victims, the images of the perpetrators, whose motivation for murder remains inexplicable. In addition, the author incorporates the long-forgotten testimonies of bystander contemporaries, who unwittingly became part of the unfolding nightmare and recorded the horror in simple words. This book also serves as a personal journey of discovery. Among the twenty thousand people killed was the tale of two brothers, the author's uncles. In retracing their final fate and how they were swept up in the looming genocide, A Summer of Mass Murder also gives voice to their story. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/eastern-european-studies

The CE experience for this Podcast is powered by CMEfy - click here to reflect and earn credits: https://earnc.me/6VQb6X Robert Wolf, M.D., grew up as the only child of Ervin and Judit Wolf. Their stories of their escape from communist Hungary, and his father's tragic history of escaping the Nazis twice but having his own parents deported to Auschwitz, inspired Robert to document his parents' tales and share those stories with Jewish groups and others throughout the United States. In "Not a Real Enemy," Robert shares his family saga-and the forgotten history of the nearly half million Hungarian Jews who were deported and killed during the Holocaust-through an epic and inspiring tale of daring escapes, terrifying oppression, tragedy, and triumph.  -+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+= This Episode is brought to you today by Eagle Financial Group. Eagle Financial Group is here to help you understand your numbers to make wise decisions. From fractional CFO services to accounting, bookkeeping, and payroll, Eagle financial group is your partner to ensure that your practice keeps on serving your patients, and gives you more time to spend with your family and friends. It's time that you overcome your obstacles, and get control of your financial life today. Give Eagle Financial Group a call at 719-755-0043, drop us an email at clientservices@eaglefsg.com, or visit us on line at eaglefsg.com -+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=-+=   Join the Conversation! We want to hear from you! Do you have additional thoughts about today's topic? Do you have your own Prescription for Success? Record a message on Speakpipe     Unlock Bonus content and get the shows early on our Patreon Follow us or Subscribe: Apple Podcasts | Google Podcasts | Stitcher | Amazon  | Spotify --- Show notes at https://rxforsuccesspodcast.com/171 Report-out with comments or feedback at https://rxforsuccesspodcast.com/report Music by Ryan Jones. Find Ryan on Instagram at _ryjones_, Contact Ryan at ryjonesofficial@gmail.com Production assistance by Clawson Solutions Group, find them on the web at csolgroup.com    

This week Sam continues the saga of Raoul Wallenberg. From privilege to spy he risked his life to save Hungarian Jews from the Nazis. So grab your multi-pass and join us on a wild ride with a loose cannon! Make sure to come back for part three, the gripping conclusion to this epic hero's journey.   Get That Shit:  Killer Queer killerqueer.com  IG & TT: @indykillerqueer   Killer Queer is owned and operated by a couple of Midwest gays that don't really get into identity politics, but think the most radical thing we can do in this political landscape is find joy in everything that hurts, to laugh at ourselves, and of course, at other people.   They've got cunt mugs, decorative zodiac plates, and all the Macrame plant holders any queer human could ever want! And so much MORE!!!

Overview Robert Wolf, M.D., grew up as the only child of Ervin and Judit Wolf. Their stories of their escape from communist Hungary, and his father's tragic history of escaping the Nazis twice but having his own parents taken to Auschwitz, inspired Robert to document his parents' tales and share those stories with Jewish groups and others throughout the United States. In "Not a Real Enemy" Robert shares his family saga-and the forgotten history of the nearly half million Hungarian Jews who were deported and killed during the Holocaust-through an epic and inspiring tale of daring escapes, terrifying oppression, tragedy, and triumph.  Robert Wolf is a national speaker and is featured in national media and TV including ABC TV, NBC TV, CW TV, FOX TV, CBS TV and more.   Book Favorites YouTube https://youtu.be/-gtYk_nnK1M Transcript Stephen: today on Discovered Wordsmith, I want to welcome Rob Wolf. Rob, how are you doing Robert: today? I'm doing well. Hi, how are you? Thank you for having me. Thanks for inviting me. Stephen: Yeah. It's great to have you on. We're gonna talk about your book not a Real Enemy, but before we do let's find out a little bit about you. What are, where do you live and what are some of the things you like to do besides writing? I. Robert: Hi, I'm Rob Wolf, and I was born and raised in Detroit, Michigan the Detroit area. I was raised kindergarten through 12th grade in a small town called Mount Clemens. Suburban Detroit. Famous for Thomas Alva Edison and Sulfur Baths back in the day. They those don't, I don't know even know if those exist anymore, but back in the day it was very popular resort for that. Stephen: Yeah, I don't think Edison still exists. No. Robert: He was the Elon Musk of his day, I would say. Yeah. So yeah. And then I went to Tufts University for undergraduate. I was fortunate enough to get into Tufts University near Boston for undergraduate. And then I went to University of Michigan Medical School and I graduated in 1988. Loved Ann Arbor. What a great place to go to school. Again, very privileged, very competitive. Always a, it was a great school to go attend and it was a great school to to be an alumnus as well. And then then I did residency. I, my residency, I'm a radiologist, so I did a year internship at Framing Framingham Union Hospital near Boston Boston University affiliate. I did my radiology residency at Brown Rhode Island Hospital in Providence, Rhode Island. And then I did a neuroradiology neuroradiology fellowship at Yale. University in New Haven, Connecticut. Now, by now I'm 30 years old. I've done half my life. I'm 60 now, so now I'm about 30, finally ready to make a living after all those years of indentured Ry. And so I've lived half my life in New England and half my life in Michigan. So I've bounced back to forth. There were no jobs when I finished my fellowship back in the nineties. So I took what I could a place in Massachusetts that I was moonlighting as a senior resident and as a fellow. I needed a radiologist, so I took a job there and I was there four years, and then back to Michigan for seven years, and then back to Massachusetts with my wife at the time. And worked a few jobs inpatient, outpatient hospital work tele radio, tele radiography work. I still do some teleradiology now. I'm, I do two days a week, part-time, Wednesdays and Thursdays just to stay, stay in the loop. I can tell, we'll talk a little bit more about that when we talk about the history of my book, but Besides medicine, which I've been doing. So now I've been doing that, let's say 33 years in radiology, 34 years. And it's been a great it's been a great run. I've been part-time since I was 43, so about half of my career I've been part-time and the other half pretty much full-time. And, night call and weekends and all that other stuff. Besides radiology, I love sports. I love all sports.

Chosen People and INCEST= Ashkzenazi Jews/Zionist Psychopath In Your Life Podcast WW2 and the Nazis.  Ashke-nazi Jews are the reason. How did the Gold Train carrying valuables from Hungarian Jews end up in the USA?   Those people died for their valuables, and they were shipped off to be murdered in Camps. The core group genetics […] The post 2 of 3 * Ashkenazi JEWS aka Zionists stole Israel. Entire population comes from 350 people ALL from INCEST. **DOWNLOAD my work NOW Before it goes away. appeared first on Psychopath In Your Life.

Chosen People and INCEST= Ashkzenazi Jews/Zionist Psychopath In Your Life Podcast  WW2 and the Nazis.  Ashke-nazi Jews are the reason. How did the Gold Train carrying valuables from Hungarian Jews end up in the USA?   Those people died for their valuables, and they were shipped off to be murdered in Camps. The core group genetics […] The post 1 of 3 -Ashkenazi JEWS aka Zionists stole Israel. Entire population comes from 350 people ALL from INCEST. **DOWNLOAD my work NOW Before it goes away. appeared first on Psychopath In Your Life.

Author Robert Wolf, MD shares the story of his parents fleeing their homeland during WWII. "The disc, my father's story, called out to me. I felt like it summoned me." BIO Robert Wolf, MD, grew up as the only child of Ervin and Judit Wolf. The stories of their escape from communist Hungary, and his father's tragic history of escaping the Nazis twice but having his own parents taken to Auschwitz, inspired Robert to document his parents' tales and share those stories with Jewish groups and others throughout the United States. In "Not a Real Enemy" Robert shares his family saga and the forgotten history of the nearly half million Hungarian Jews who were deported and killed during the Holocaust through an epic and inspiring tale of daring escapes, terrifying oppression, tragedy, and triumph. About "Not a Real Enemy: The True Story of a Hungarian Jewish Man's Fight for Freedom" Robert Wolf, author and speaker released his new book "Not a Real Enemy: The True Story of a Hungarian Jewish Man's Fight for Freedom." The book details the remarkable story of his family's history that follows his Jewish parents and grandparents first living under the Nazis, and then under the communist regime in Hungary. It explores the depths of his family, shares their experiences, and his father Ervin Wolf's quest for freedom. In 1944, almost half a million Jewish Hungarians are deported to Auschwitz. Among the few surviving Hungarian Jews from this era were young men who, like Ervin Wolf, were conscripted into the brutal Forced Labor Service where they were cut off from the outside world and ordered to endure inhumane brutalities and servitude. Once freed, a new oppression took hold as a communist rule under Stalin turned friends into foes, enveloped the nation in fear and suspicion, and tested everyone's character and strength. This is the true story of Ervin Wolf and his family as the fascist tide of Eastern Europe takes hold of Hungary. From Wolf's comfortable upper-class life to imprisonment, daring escapes, tragic deaths, cloak-and-dagger adventures, and Ervin's final escape to freedom in the dead of night, "Not a Real Enemy" is a page-turning tale of suspense, tragedy, comedy, and ultimately, triumph.  "Not a Real Enemy: The True Story of a Hungarian Jewish Man's Fight for Freedom" by author Robert Wolf is available at retailers and online including at Barnes & Noble, Walmart, and Amazon. For more information on "Not a Real Enemy: The True Story of a Hungarian Jewish Man's Fight for Freedom" visit: www.robertjwolfmd.com Get his book on Amazon: "⁠⁠Not a Real Enemy: The True Story of a Hungarian Jewish Man's Fight for Freedom⁠⁠" Follow @robertjwolfmd on social media. Learn more about your Host, Kim Lengling at www.kimlenglingauthor.com You can also buy me a coffee in support of the show! https://www.buymeacoffee.com/Letfearbouncet --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/letfearbouncepodcast/message

Available on Amazon and leading online bookstores worldwide. Hungary, 1944. Almost half a million Jewish Hungarians are deported to Auschwitz. Among the few surviving Hungarian Jews from this era were young men who, like Ervin Wolf, were forced into the brutal Labor Service where they were cut off from the outside world and forced to endure inhumane brutalities and servitude. Once freed, a new oppression took hold as communist rule under Stalin turned friends to foes, enveloped the nation in fear and suspicion, and tested everyone's character and strength. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/daniel-lucas66/message

ROBERT WOLF, M.D. is a neuroradiologist who attended the University of Michigan Medical School and completed his training at Brown and Yale Universities. He grew up in a suburb of Detroit as the only child of Ervin and Judit Wolf. Their stories of their escape from communist Hungary, and his father's tragic history of escaping the Nazis twice but losing his own parents, inspired Robert to document his parents' tales and share those stories with Jewish groups, history aficionados, and biography lovers throughout the United States, Europe, and elsewhere. In Not a Real Enemy Robert shares his family saga—and the forgotten history of the nearly half million Hungarian Jews who were deported and killed during the Holocaust—through an epic and inspiring tale of daring escapes, terrifying oppression, tragedy, and triumph.   Follow Robert: Twitter: https://twitter.com/robertjwolfmd LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/robert-j-wolf-md/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/notarealenemy Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/notarealenemy/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/RobertJWolfMD Website: https://robertjwolfmd.com/ Email: Robert@RobertJWolfMD.com   Not a Real Enemy (Book): https://robertjwolfmd.com/not-a-real-enemy/   Follow Carl: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/toeverypageaturning/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CarlBuccellatoAuthor LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/carl-buccellato-60234139/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@carlbuccellato7362 Website: https://toeverypageaturning.com   Produced by: https://socialchameleon.us

When he was 19 years old, a Slovakian Jewish teenaged slave labourer named Walter Rosenberg (later he changed his name to Rudolf Vrba) did what only five Jews ever managed to do: successfully escape from Auschwitz. But his escape in April 1944 and subsequent testimony about the mass murder of Europes Jews at the Nazi death camp had an enormous impact: it reached the Allies, the Vatican and major press outlets. Vrba is credited with saving the lives of 200,000 Hungarian Jews, who would have otherwise been deported to their deaths that summer. But the killing of more than a million victims at Auschwitz haunted him until his death in Vancouver in 2006. A new book by British journalist Jonathan Freedland makes the case for Vrba being considered as one of the greatest, unknown Jewish Holocaust heroes of the time: right up there with Anne Frank, Elie Wiesel and Oskar Schindler. Freedland joins The CJN Daily from London, England to explore why that hasn't happened, and why it should. What we talked about: Learn more about The Escape Artist by Jonathan Freedland. Read more about Rudolf Vrba on this website curated by Vancouver scholar Alan Twigg.** Watch the livestream from Ottawa of the National Holocaust Remembrance Day ceremony beginning at 11 a.m. Eastern Time on Friday, Jan. 27. Credits The CJN Daily is written and hosted by Ellin Bessner (@ebessner on Twitter). Zachary Kauffman is the producer. Michael Fraiman is the executive producer. Our theme music is by Dov Beck-Levine. Our title sponsor is Metropia. We're a member of The CJN Podcast Network. To learn how to support the show by subscribing to this podcast, please watch this video.

We all have people in life that stimulate our mind and how they happen to come into our life is always sometimes precarious. So my Hungarian Jewish Hungarian friend older, we have these daily talks sometimes and sometimes weekly, monthly, bimonthly. But it's always good because he's so full and rich with.And fun. Here's our message to you. Have a good listen. It's relative. And today what is, what the progresso did, reversing the two words. But as I told you and you concurred with me, that it's impossible to put those two words in the same sentence, in the same breath. One reason only three words. Once you are a socialist, you are tyrant my way or a highway.And the two best examples for you. I'm surprised you read that so well. I can even determine by you getting that pseudonym so these lefties wouldn't know and traced you. I truly tip my head. You're not a girl to get compliments, but this was smart. No, Mike, nobody can. Yeah the, smartest one can figure out who is nana.Nana is a lady's whether she's a babysitter, . Anyway, why I am telling you this, because these two examples tell you all a when Judge Kava the, Roe versus Wade happened. All these lunatics. They woke idiots, the Antifa and all these, they marched in front of his home wanting to hang him, right?And the second one is even a better proof. And you know this in your dreams, if you take 1000 children and 1000 PA parents, right? Which side?  you can't even say it with a straight face would agree. No, first, which side would not even allow the grandchildren to visit the children much less. They would never go at the same Christmas table together.It's not 50, 60, 70%, it's 110% clear cut. Because a conservative would never turn away from a. No of course. Can you find better examples than these two ? It's, rather simple once you get past the, how do you say it? The, once you get past the illogic, it's very logical, right?No question. But the problem is you get stuck in the illogic rather easily because that's an emotional thing. illogic is always an emotional thing. I don't know when we originally met, if I mentioned to you this about our country versus Israel. Regarding Trump, did I ever mention to you, because I don't wanna repeat myself.No, I don't remember we we met at my house in Santa Monica, in front of my house in Santa Monica. You the one who opened my eyes. Susan Rosenberg, when I mentioned to you, you said she lives in our neck of the woods. That stunned me, . It's funny how, it's funny how I can tell you how I learned English.It's funny how you read memory one. And of course, those four years Latin in medical school made me beat 95% of these college idiots in the game of Scrabble , but in advance and in master rooms. Mike. Then that's my pastime. I think I may have mentioned to you that in America, the television, the entire media, New York, slimes, LA Times, all the constipated network news work,  like Mike Levine co.That's I, he coined the words, not me. . Yes. Yes. . The reason I listen to him, you may even know this about him. He's the best US Constitutional attorney. Yeah. Bar. Mike Levine. Yeah. He even, he started I think, ner serving in Nixon administration. Correct. Anyway as far as knowing the Progresso of course Dennis Prager incredible knowledge, but I, he changed my mind actually one day.You know why? Because he gave the title. David Horowitz. Oh, with him? Yeah. Why? Because he, came from a communist family, right? Incidentally, speaking of communist family, who do you think Vagina Giggles father is? Who? The re You don't know who Vagina Giggles is? No. You are the humorist. . Tell me who paved her way all the way to the.Through what? You stumped Kamala No way. At age 29. You're not aware. She was the conine of Willie Brown in San Francisco. Oh, I knew that. Okay. So from then on, and when first word came out that the Progresso may pushed push her in the White House, Willie Brown was vehemently against.He knows that she's a empty skirt. She is a, airhead complete. You notice anytime she doesn't have an answer, what does she do? Giggles. Incessantly. . Yes. The clown, that's part of their, plan though, right? Is to put people who don't have original thoughts, but are good actors. Look at a question to you, Mike.Yeah I'm, having my cereal now. Yeah. Do you Recall or have you seen? Cuz I never watched tv. I played the game of Scrabble with all around the world on pogo.com and it's not like word with friends heck, you have a half a day to think of a word. No, it's competitive chess. 45 seconds to two minutes, you lose a turnNah. Way life should. Why I am asking you who is running the country? Of course, everybody knows that the corpse, like B, BBC calls him the corpse, not me. Look, just two best examples for you. When a person says that he's been 160 years in Senate, hello, four lifetimes, Yeah. And the second biggest doozy, he said, you may have heard it maybe not about a year ago, he said The first time since World War II, Putin invaded Russia.Hello? His own country. Yeah.  is obl. There's no question about that. But the reason I mentioned to you about Barak Hussein, Because he was on  show and I got it. I read news in couple languages, right? I got this clip on the internet and I had to put it on my telephone. It's about a 32nd clip, and if you haven't heard it, I'll play it to you now.That's what I'm looking for, where he says, the question came, Mr. President, have you ever considered the third term? Now, here is verbatim what he. This doesn't show the whole thing, but I remember him saying the following, actually, many, many a times, I am missing the camaraderie. And if I could be sitting in a basement in my jogging suit and two earpieces and they'll implement my ideas, I'll be fine with that.what do you think of? That's happening so officially, it's his third term. I'm sorry, unofficially. The fact is his first two terms were a failure, right? There's no question. So the question 1%, g d p, the worst in history. So this validates that his ego is bigger than his mind.There is no question. And but, The issue is, I've con come to the conclusion, and I've always said this, he is the weakest link because of, the same reasons that in the old parable, the giant fell. Right? Because you gotta realize as the ego grows, so does the everything else diminish because we can always only work at a capacity of a hundred percent.He is the weakest link. Now, what's putting that in front of him? We already know. We see the world economic, we see all the things that's happening. We're seeing the plan. The plan is pretty obvious because it's getting toward the end. Not of end times, I just mean the end of their plan. You see what's happening in Canada, you see why they want Newsom there.You see why they're gonna push him out, biting out so they can put Newsom in there so they can have a, what they want is, America to be a puppet, right? They're trying to, in Mexico, they're trying to implement a Mexican woman who's the mayor here, who's just a puppet, Uhhuh once again, right? So, they're putting puppet masters.They're not even masters. They're puppets and, they have faces and ideas that are very against the people, but at the same time, that is how they've done it. They've done it by manipulating the ego to want to succeed, which is natural. But I, still have a question though. You're a, deep philosopher of, knowledge.What's the end? The people who are manipulating all this, I'll tell you what, when you see around us now, left center, whatever, 79% of the population don't like to pay 9 99 for 18 x in the 99 cents. They see what's happening. They don't need to be awakened, yeah. That's one. So that's why it cannot continue.And look again in, I surmise to you the last 24 months, in just one example, I believe it's as clear as daylight. At first, if you remember, it was 6.8 trillion wasted, right? Now they added another 1.8. So yeah. Subsequently, after 8.3 trillion wasted. Zero accomplished absolute zero. They can't. Now they throw the word infrastructure.That's bullshit because the best example really tells you how big of a liars they are. , your best example is what? That 450. If you look at that. Package that has four 4,500 pages, you know that nobody . It's like Nancy Pelosi said, if you remember several years ago, you have to pass it to see what's in the bill, to have the time to read.It's for given to Arab countries to protect their border. When I don't have to reiterate to you how porous ours is because zero control. 750 terrorists marched across this last year and 5 million people from 38 countries just marched through you to remember. There is no country on universe other than if, you look into it Canada, that has no borders because they are our baby brother.If anybody lifts a pinky against Canada, we are right there with, this Ukraine situation I, do know that we are going overboard because I read a speech by it's, he sounded like a no. His name is, either probably Chinese, whoever is the head of un, he was saying that Ukraine has no borders, which is very true.It's not a separate country. It was over. It was part of what Union of Soviet social. Yeah. Former US Russia. One thing is for sure that Crimea always belonged to Russia. Since Catherine the Great, I may have even mentioned that to you before. But Ukraine, there are two places, Donbass and Donk.I would say almost 10 out of 10 people, Russian speakers, so Ukraine simply took advantage of them because they were attacking them and they treated them like third class citizens. But the rest, Putin is a thug. Goes without saying. Just look at his background. Out of kgb in the most vulnerable, as I told you before in, the world Eastern Germany and the Americans were shedding crocodile tears about 30,000 American soldiers.Yeah, I learned in Soviet army that there were three quarter million Russian soldiers on that border. Wow. For the, they had a good reason. If I give you the numbers, America says 20 million Russians lost lives. It's twice as many. Wow. So Zov the one in charge who finally totally crushed the Germans.Zov said when they mo hoisted the flag over Hitler's bunker, that in Russian. We going to erase the Germans from face of the map. Wow. That's the reason for, and this, number, I'm giving you three quarter million I heard in 1967 during the Mid East War because Russia was like two peas in a pod or, like my former managers say they were tight as frog pussy  with with, them.Oh my God, that I learned English in the hood 38th and Crenshaw . So matter of fact since you are not a brother, you may even be stunned. What I what in a humorous way. No, actually, it's a jargon because 99% of Huns, they call us , were lost. I'll remind you the incident. You definitely know it. It took.When Schmo Bamba, as always jumped into conclusion, racism, the call came in when Skip Gates, the professor in Chicago lost his keys coming back from a trip and across the street the neighbors called in. Two people burglarizing a home. When he heard that he stepped on his Dali, like this black man called his feet , he quickly invited them.This part you million percent aware of the beer fest in the White House, right? To make peace between. Luckily, one of those three cops was a brother. Otherwise, this would've never happened. This. The professor Gates and his body broke the bag last somehow. They were indoors already. The man in charge, Sergeant Crow, walked over the, window and, him peeking out.He asked him politely. Professor Gates kindly step out on the porch for four or five minutes, and my nephew, captain. Michael Weiss in New York is a police captain. It's customary on a burglary. You For last time they have to check every nook and cranny because the accomplice may be hiding. Lurking in the closet.His answer was the cause for the arrest. That's when the black cop spoke up and says, Sarge, I'm putting the shackles on this man. Let him mouth off down. So just to teach him a lesson formality, as you can imagine, they hauled his ass downtown quarters. There are tens of thousands of jokes. , I'll put it on the plate for you.Your mama is so fat. Yo mama is so ugly. I have to hang pork ups on her ears for my dog to play with her . But in this case, what is your opinion? What was yo mama. I step out for yo mama . That was the answer. My god. So the black cop spoke up? Yeah. You talk to an average white person. They'll say he offended him.That's quite ambiguous. , what do you think it meant that it warranted the rest. When I told this to a black pen, he couldn't stop laughing for five minutes. Yeah, , he got it. Of course. You know it meant what it actually meant is, I'll step out for your mama who's a who is a, puttanot for you. Fool. These are the nuances. Rest are simple. No, I truly understand. American Colloquialism. Yeah, . But let's, I was regarding languages. I happen to be a linguist because folks are much better in mathematics. Algebra, not me. Weakest. Now this, you must recall when we first met, and you mentioned to me that you're moving in a few months in Mexico, right?I told you're gonna be lost even though you have Spanish descent, but your English is so impeccable. I don't think you understand Spanish and you're correct what you do. And I'm surprised. So you know what that tells me? Put you in Hungary. And it Eight, eight months you speak Hungarian? Yeah. . I loved Hungary though.They were the first ones to stand up against Stalin's regime, yeah, I know. Hungary was that when I went there, it was a very fascinating I, don't know why I became engrossed by it. I really, I just did, I didn't go to, I, and I didn't even go to, the bad parts where the parts, everything happened.I was there, I just didn't go in. I just was engrossed by everything about it. I don't know why. Then they told me that Hungary was the Mexico of Europe . And I'm like, okay. Oh, maybe that's why , GWE, Mexico of Europe. In what regard? I, didn't get it. The poor. The poor and the manufacturing. And they used to, they the poor that are there in Hungary and that they went up the workers.Workers in Hungary. Yeah. That they were in the past, in the history. I don't know in history or how well you understood it, but Hungary was little America for Russians. Yeah, I know that. Everything. No, We lived, you know how far we lived from Hungary. How about 10 kilometers. Oh, wow. Which is less than six miles.Yeah. First of all, I learned here in America, this was telling you that come September of 1945,he was of Georgia and descent. Of course, Stalin gave a nice present. To the capital of Transcarpathian region is exactly where I'm from, where my wife was born in the capital ua, and I am from a small Hungarian town where 100% Hungarians. Nobody even spoke any Russian. You ask how to get to the nearest post office and you'll be lost.Because we had six Hungarian schools, one Ukrainian, and one Russian. As you can imagine. For children of border patrol offices so that's where my mama enrolled me. But to show you that I'm not exaggerating about being a linguist if, look, if until age 26, I haven't spoken three words of English, and yet by 1976 when I was already managing the dealer.And when you work in a mamma papa store, you know you overworked and underpaid. I had to write those contracts, Mike, not in Majo, my mother tongue, Hungarian. It's called Mojo because even the country is called Mojo is the nation. Ah, SAG is the country. So thus the word is . Hungary in, in Hungarian. So why?I'm telling you, not in that my language not Russian, Ukrainian, as you can imagine, was forced on us in the Ukrainian Soviet tripa. But in English, I never made a mistake because that's a dealer's biggest nightmare, right? And if there were no computers, And what you may not realize, a dealer loses practically half of the car value and there's no point going to lawyers.It even cost double. In other words, worst nightmare the dealer cannot imagine than an unwind, meaning the customer takes the car Next day the bank is telling me that the down payment should be instead of 2,500 3,500 or the credit was weak. In those days you didn't have T r W. But we fax, yes.And I had to decipher the person's ability to repay that loan. So bottom line is I never made an error in my contract. That's why when I got my second job at an Acura in a Toyota store in the valley. Keys, Acura, you may have. I know that. Yeah. I know that they, hired me on the spot because when I wrote on my resume that no unwinds, that means I don't believe people bringing back a car.That was the clincher. But you can imagine by 1980. Two. How relieved I was. The very first computers I was involved was like a big suitcase. Yes. And IBM , you recall? It was. It was actually in car business. It was oak leaf and it was geared for all the Programs for dealerships, and the forms.So they came, they just told me which one is which, and they left me alone. And, that's how you can imagine the relief I had. I didn't have to do all these when your parents were getting cause by hand. I could just put in the information in that right quick suitcase and it just prints out like a breeze.So what I'm trying to tell you is, It was a great help for me as far as cutting time for customers to wait. But regarding Hungarian language, I had an interesting example when a Turkish person that will tell you the, common family of Hungarians Turks they. Finn Finnish language many thousands years ago, they were breathing because as a general manager at Kaiser Brothers I, think I told you, it was downtown across convention center.Your parents knew it as a third oldest Oldsmobile dealer in the nation. If the granddaughter was 94 years old, you can imagine they've been there since 1917. They own about eight blocks downtown. So why am telling you this? Because when I worked there This fellow was sitting with my salesman taking an application.And in those days, in early nineties, they had cassette tape players, and when I brought back his car appraising, assessing the value how much to allow him, I asked him a question. I, said, you're not Turkish, are you are not Turkey shy. And he said, hi, did you see my applic? I said, no. When I told him how I came to conclusion, I said, I popped your cassette layer.I wanted to see the, how it functions your A M F M cassette, and I see on the cassette you know what he told me? What very clever. He said, , I figured out that he's Turk. Because that's the only countries I know that do all this. It's not all, it's not a. Even elementary words in Hungarian is not simple.Ju just like Russians, for example. If I went to this Hungarian town Russian school, Of course, I'll tell you as far as knowing Russian, when I opened my mouth in Russian, you wouldn't believe it. What they say here in Santa Monica, they think I was born in Moscow and I pretend to be  Hungarian. Of course, I tell you why, probably mimicking the words and listening is, these two.And of course what I'm not telling you the most helpful in Russian for me. The 10th Soviet army, 30 months, I was the head of a pharmacy. They used my medical knowledge in making drugs. They didn't have an Eli Lilly and Merck and all that. I had to make those drugs by hand.  mixture. And I, remember  new land in Russia where it's 99% frozen, everything.Soldiers had scabies left and right. You can imagine why. Lack of cleanliness, right? Lack of so that, that's what I picked up really mainly the, ized accent. And here one more help was we, befriended the Russian couple in 70. And they came to buy an Omega in that, in those days, Boyd Peterson, where I worked at Crenshaw, was an old, small and a Jaguar store.And when, I don't know if you're aware or not, but Cars in America were bought like you or the food in the restaurant. The parents came in, I have 150 cars in inventory. And by the time I was the manager and the manager always. Gas and demo as a perk. So they fell in love with my Regency 98, which was like a Cadillac de elegance.The color, the vogue tires with gold dreams, et cetera. And we said in the industry, they deed me. They took my horse here away with 218 miles . So we, wouldn't need, but otherwise you ordered a vehicle according to your SP specification. SMO believe even had a mo, a slogan, can we build one for you? Oh wow.And within six weeks, your car comes the way. Desired. Wow. You don't need to buy unwanted options. So why I'm telling you this, because ever since they very quickly they promoted me. La Later, about eight months into it, I asked Mr. Peterson, the owner, I said, why? I was never trained in this. Because they made me a manager first.They made me in four months, a closer. Why? Because one Saturday I substituted the manager and the gross prophet was more than twice as what Mike McBride was doing. Oh, wow. So later on they relegated him. You may even know the area 54th and Crenshaw closer to Lawson. We had a Volvo and a British Leland dealership.I call them zoom, calls the TR seven and et cetera, the ones that making the noise, right? So I became the general manager. Why I am telling you this, because that's what I picked up the knowledge. But when my, I deviated what I answered to my boss, no. When he answered to me, when I asked him how come I was not trained, he says, I Simply thought that you are a member of KG B because  by 75, he says, you lived in America only two and a half years and your English impressed me.He said . Sohe playing it Smart Russian folks, for example. No, it's some linguistic ability if the the reason. When Russian people speak, they still continue in their own mother tongue, and Russian is a soft language. Three simple letters. Mike, they unable to pronounce, for example, any. They don't say any.They say any, many. You may even notice because in, in Los Angeles, there were plenty of Russians already. Yeah. You see now on the beach, I see them exercising about 120 of them. And the instructor, of course she, really makes out nicely $15 a pop. She makes about pretty nice money. About 1800 every Sunday.Wow. Times four.  and uncle Sam knows nothing about . Yeah. , but seven grand. Yeah. Once I joked with them when I came to California, there were not three Russian speaking in the whole town because Russia was an iron curtain. Do you know regarding this, your best illustration would be my mother.We are Hungarian Jews and. Mama's brother lived out of nine children. Two survived those 79 death camps, right? And it took mom 27 years just to come and visit them from 45 when Stalin took over right until 70 to December. And the response in Russia was always cookie cut. The. In your request to visit United States is declined.Your request could be reevaluated in eight months. End of story. Wow. And that's for all those years. So this reminds me, I'll leave you with this best example about blowjob Clinton. Oh God.  you, naive Americans were given some fables on the when, he was first for president. He was running right in 91.They asked him under what circumstances. Were you able to travel to Russia in 1967? And the song and dance you were all given, including you, you had to swallow it. He was a Rhode Scholar. My funny bone , you look at and this, factoid I may have mentioned to you when we met. Did I or did I not? Yeah, you did.Yeah, that's what I remember. Yeah, because you looked exactly like Paul Allen. And he was kicked out from Oxford for his marks, his views. Do you see how exactly and turn goes? Yes, Exactly. Exactly. That's a convenience position, right? That's a convenience position for power. Yeah. There is no question.Yeah, and he was just as an empty suit as Obama, basically all of them, except he was shiftier because he's actually. Narcissist. Both are, yeah, both. But, about Obama, I did tell you the most important part where he got his philosophy. Franklin, I remind you. Franklin Marshall Davis Jr. He's Angela Davis card, Kerry, communist father. we need anymore? Yeah, you gotta remember what attracts people to those readings. I from a philo, from a, for philosophical viewpoints. It's fine to read them, but that's the difference is the people who are attracted to them, meaning they, they read them as a lessons plan because they don't have the concept or in the intellect to decipher what they really.So that's, the problem. That's, the, unfortunately those positions and those people often are shifty enough to find people who will give them power to continue because they want something, right? So it always boils down to the same thing are you my prostitute or are you leaving meWhich one are you? But I do know about, I know the whole background of both that. You, heard the name Sola Lins of course. Yes. Rules for radicals. Yes. Hillary Raham Rotten. I call her rotten. She was meeting him for coffee, corresponding with him. She's just as Marxist as his incidentally.Speaking of that, you know what I learned, from Dennis Prager about Marxist that, and this will surprise you. M l K belonged to that group. Wow. And I'm not surprised the Black Panthers in those days. Oh yes. This was when you were no more than five years old. They were rebels. Do you know?Yes, I do. All this, all these communist movement. Yep. The Dipper Reagan stopped it cold. Yep. But now the movement is picking up scene, big time. But it wouldn't get too far. Yeah, because it's, funny how mental disease it's, a truth that those in power rewrite the history. And because the next generation either doesn't have time or trust, the history is true.

It was my great pleasure to speak once again to Tyler Cowen. His most recent book is Talent, How to Find Energizers, Creatives, and Winners Across the World.We discuss:how sex is more pessimistic than he is,why he expects society to collapse permanently,why humility, stimulants, intelligence, & stimulants are overrated,how he identifies talent, deceit, & ambition,& much much much more!Watch on YouTube. Listen on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or any other podcast platform. Read the full transcript here.Follow me on Twitter for updates on future episodes.More really cool guests coming up, subscribe to find out about future episodes!You may also enjoy my interviews of Bryan Caplan (about mental illness, discrimination, and poverty), David Deutsch (about AI and the problems with America's constitution), and Steve Hsu (about intelligence and embryo selection).If you end up enjoying this episode, I would be super grateful if you shared it. Post it on Twitter, send it to your friends & group-chats, and throw it up on any relevant subreddits & forums you follow. Can't exaggerate how much it helps a small podcast like mine.A huge thanks to Graham Bessellieu for editing this podcast and Mia Aiyana for producing its transcript.Timestamps(0:00) -Did Caplan Change On Education?(1:17) - Travel vs. History(3:10) - Do Institutions Become Left Wing Over Time?(6:02) - What Does Talent Correlate With?(13:00) - Humility, Mental Illness, Caffeine, and Suits(19:20) - How does Education affect Talent?(24:34) - Scouting Talent(33:39) - Money, Deceit, and Emergent Ventures(37:16) - Building Writing Stamina(39:41) - When Does Intelligence Start to Matter?(43:51) - Spotting Talent (Counter)signals(53:57) - Will Reading Cowen's Book Help You Win Emergent Ventures?(1:04:18) - Existential risks and the Longterm(1:12:45) - Cultivating Young Talent(1:16:05) - The Lifespans of Public Intellectuals(1:19:42) - Risk Aversion in Academia(1:26:20) - Is Stagnation Inevitable?(1:31:33) - What are Podcasts for?TranscriptDid Caplan Change On Education?Tyler Cowen   Ask Bryan about early and late Caplan. In which ways are they not consistent? That's a kind of friendly jab.Dwarkesh Patel   Okay, interesting. Tyler Cowen   Garrett Jones has tweeted about this in the past. In The Myth of the Rational Voter, education is so wonderful. It no longer seems to be true, but it was true from the data Bryan took from. Bryan doesn't think education really teaches you much. Dwarkesh Patel So then why is it making you want a free market?Tyler Cowen  It once did, even though it doesn't now, and if it doesn't now, it may teach them bad things. But it's teaching them something.Dwarkesh Patel   I have asked him this. He thinks that education doesn't teach them anything; therefore, that woke-ism can't be a result of colleges. I asked him, “okay, at some point, these were ideas in colleges, but now they're in the broader world. What do you think happened? Why did it transition together?” I don't think he had a good answer to that.Tyler Cowen   Yeah, you can put this in the podcast if you want. I like the free podcast talk often better than the podcast. [laughs]Dwarkesh Patel   Okay. Well yeah, we can just start rolling. Today, it is my great pleasure to speak to Tyler Cowen about his new book, “Talent, How to Find Energizers, Creatives, and Winners Across the World.” Tyler, welcome (once again) to The Lunar Society. Tyler Cowen   Happy to be here, thank you!Travel vs. HistoryDwarkesh Patel 1:51  Okay, excellent. I'll get into talent in just a second, but I've got a few questions for you first. So in terms of novelty and wonder, do you think travelling to the past would be a fundamentally different experience from travelling to different countries today? Or is it kind of in the same category?Tyler Cowen   You need to be protected against disease and have some access to the languages, and obviously, your smartphone is not going to work, right? So if you adjust for those differences, I think it would be a lot like travelling today except there'd be bigger surprises because no one else has gone to the past. Older people were there in a sense, but if you go back to ancient Athens, or the peak of the Roman Empire, you'd be the first traveller. Dwarkesh Patel   So do you think the experience of reading a history book is somewhat substitutable for actually travelling to a place? Tyler Cowen   Not at all! I think we understand the past very very poorly. If you've travelled appropriately in contemporary times, it should make you more skeptical about history because you'll realize how little you can learn about the current places just by reading about them. So it's like Travel versus History, and the historians lose.Dwarkesh Patel   Oh, interesting. So I'm curious, how does travelling a lot change your perspective when you read a work of history? In what ways does it do so? Are you skeptical of it to an extent that you weren't before, and what do you think historians are probably getting wrong? Tyler Cowen   It may not be a concrete way, but first you ask: was the person there? If it's a biography, did the author personally know the subject of the biography? That becomes an extremely important question. I was just in India for the sixth time, I hardly pretend to understand India, whatever that possibly might mean, but before I went at all, I'd read a few hundred books about India, and it's not like I got nothing out of them, but in some sense, I knew nothing about India. Now that I've visited, the other things I read make more sense, including the history.Do Institutions Become Left Wing Over Time?Dwarkesh Patel   Okay, interesting. So you've asked this question to many of your guests, and I don't think any of them have had a good answer. So let me just ask you: what do you think is the explanation behind Conquest's Second Law? Why does any institution that is not explicitly right-wing become left-wing over time?Tyler Cowen   Well, first of all, I'm not sure that Conquest's Second Law is true. So you have something like the World Bank which was sort of centrist state-ist in the 1960s, and by the 1990s became fairly neoliberal. Now, about what's left-wing/right-wing, it's global, it's complicated, but it's not a simple case of Conquest's Second Law holding. I do think that for a big part of the latter post-war era, some version of Conquest's Law does mostly hold for the United States. But once you see that it's not universal, you're just asking: well, why have parts? Why has the American intelligentsia shifted to the left? So that there's political science literature on educational polarization? [laughs] I wouldn't say it's a settled question, but it's not a huge mystery like “how Republicans act wackier than Democrats are” for example. The issues realign in particular ways. I believe that's why Conquest's Law locally is mostly holding.Dwarkesh Patel   Oh, interesting. So you don't think there's anything special about the intellectual life that tends to make people left-wing, and this issue is particular to our current moment?Tyler Cowen    I think by choosing the words “left-wing” you're begging the question. There's a lot of historical areas where what is left-wing is not even well defined, so in that sense, Conquests Law can't even hold there. I once had a debate with Marc Andreessen about this–– I think Mark tends to see things that are left-wing/right-wing as somewhat universal historical categories, and I very much do not. In medieval times, what's left wing and what's right wing? Even in 17th century England, there were particular groups who on particular issues were very left-wing or right-wing. It seems to me to be very unsatisfying, and there's a lot of fluidity in how these axes play out over real issues.Dwarkesh Patel   Interesting. So maybe then it's what is considered “left” at the time that tends to be the thing that ends up winning. At least, that's how it looks like looking back on it. That's how we categorize things. Something insightful I heard is that “if the left keeps winning, then just redefine what the left is.” So if you think of prohibition at the time, it was a left-wing cause, but now, the opposite of prohibition is left-wing because we just changed what the left is.Tyler Cowen    Exactly. Take the French Revolution: they're the historical equivalent of nonprofits versus 1830s restoration. Was everything moving to the left, between Robespierre and 1830? I don't pretend to know, but it just sure doesn't seem that way. So again, there seem to be a lot of cases where Conquest's Law is not so economical.Dwarkesh Patel   Napoleon is a great example of this where we're not sure whether he's the most left-wing figure in history or the most right-wing figure in history.Tyler Cowen 6:00Maybe he's both somehow.What Does Talent Correlate With?Dwarkesh Patel How much of talent or the lack thereof is a moral judgment for you? Just to give some context, when I think that somebody is not that intelligent, for me, that doesn't seem like a moral judgment. That just seems like a lottery. When I say that somebody's not hard working, that seems like more of a moral judgment. So on that spectrum, where would you say talent lies?Tyler Cowen   I don't know. My default is that most people aren't that ambitious. I'm fine with that. It actually creates some opportunities for the ambitious–– there might be an optimal degree of ambition. Well, short of everyone being sort of maximally ambitious. So I don't go around pissed off at unambitious people, judging them in some moralizing way. I think a lot of me is on autopilot when it comes to morally judging people from a distance. I don't wake up in the morning and get pissed off at someone in the Middle East doing whatever, even though I might think it was wrong.Dwarkesh Patel   So when you read the biographies of great people, often you see there's a bit of an emotional neglect and abuse when they're kids. Why do you think this is such a common trope?Tyler Cowen   I would love to see the data, but I'm not convinced that it's more common than with other people. Famous people, especially those who have biographies, on average are from earlier times, and in earlier times, children were treated worse. So it could be correlated without being causal. Now, maybe there's this notion that you need to have something to prove. Maybe you only feel you need to prove something if you're Napoleon and you're short, and you weren't always treated well. That's possible and I don't rule it out. But you look at Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg without pretending to know what their childhoods were like.  It sure sounds like they were upper middle class kids treated very well, at least from a distance. For example, the Collison's had great parents and they did well.Dwarkesh Patel   It could just be that the examples involving emotional neglect stuck out in my mind in particular.  Tyler Cowen   Yeah. So I'd really like to see the data. I think it's an important and very good question. It seems to me, maybe one could investigate it, but I've never seen an actual result.Dwarkesh Patel   Is there something you've learned about talent spotting through writing the book that you wish wasn't so? Maybe you found it disturbing, or you found it disappointing in some way. Is there something that is a correlate for talent that you wish wasn't? Tyler Cowen   I don't know. Again, I think I'm relatively accepting of a lot of these realities, but the thing that disappoints me a bit is how geographically clustered talent is. I don't mean where it was born, and I don't mean ethnically. I just mean where it ends up. So if you get an application, say from rural Italy where maybe living standards are perfectly fine–– there's good weather, there's olive oil, there's pasta. But the application just probably not that good. Certainly, Italians have had enough amazing achievements over the millennia, but right now, the people there who are actually up to something are going to move to London or New York or somewhere. So I find that a bit depressing. It's not really about the people. Dwarkesh Patel   When you do find a cluster of talent, to what extent can that be explained by a cyclical view of what's happening in the region? In the sense of the “hard times create strong men” theory? I mean at some point, Italy had a Renaissance, so maybe things got complacent over time.Tyler Cowen   Again, maybe that's true for Italy, but most of the talent clusters have been such for a long time, like London and New York. It's not cyclical. They've just had a ton of talent for a very long time. They still do, and later on, they still will. Maybe not literally forever, but it seems like an enduring effect.Dwarkesh Patel   But what if they leave? For example, the Central European Jews couldn't stay where they were anymore and had to leave.Tyler Cowen   Obviously, I think war can destroy almost anything. So German scientific talent took a big whack, German cultural talent too. I mean, Hungarian Jews and mathematics-–I don't know big of a trend it still is, but it's certainly nothing close to what it once was.Dwarkesh Patel   Okay. I was worried that if you realize that some particular region has a lot of talent right now, then that might be a one-time gain. You realize that India, Toronto or Nigeria or something have a lot of talent, but the culture doesn't persist in some sort of extended way. Tyler Cowen   That might be true for where talent comes from, but where it goes just seems to show more persistence. People will almost certainly be going to London for centuries. Is London producing a lot of talent? That's less clear. That may be much more cyclical. In the 17th century, London was amazing, right? London today? I would say I don't know. But it's not obvious that it's coming close to its previous glories. So the current status of India I think, will be temporary, but temporary for a long time. It's just a very big place. It has a lot of centres and there are things it has going for it like not taking prosperity for granted. But it will have all of these for quite a while–– India's still pretty poor.Dwarkesh Patel   What do you think is the difference between actual places where clusters of talent congregate and places where that are just a source of that talent? What makes a place a sink rather than a source of talent?Tyler Cowen   I think finding a place where people end up going is more or less obvious. You need money, you need a big city, you need some kind of common trade or linguistic connection. So New York and London are what they are for obvious reasons, right? Path dependence history, the story of making it in the Big Apple and so on. But origins and where people come from are areas that I think theory is very bad at understanding. Why did the Renaissance blossom in Florence and Venice, and not in Milan? If you're going back earlier, it wasn't obvious that it would be those places. I've done a lot of reading to try to figure this out, but I find that I've gotten remarkably not far on the question.Dwarkesh Patel   The particular examples you mentioned today–– like New York, San Francisco, London, these places today are kind of high stakes, because if you want to move there, it's expensive. Do you think that this is because they've been so talented despite this fact, or because you need some sort of exclusion in order to be a haven of talent?Tyler Cowen   Well, I think this is a problem for San Francisco. It may be a more temporary cluster than it ought to have been. Since it's a pretty recent cluster, it can't count on the same kind of historical path dependence that New York and Manhattan have. But a lot of New York still is not that expensive. Look at the people who work and live there! They're not all rich, to say the least. And that is an important part of why New York is still New York. With London, it's much harder, but it seems to me that London is a sink for somewhat established talent––which is fine, right? However, in that regard, it's much inferior to New York.Humility, Mental Illness, Caffeine, and Suits Dwarkesh Patel   Okay, I want to play a game of overrated and underrated with you, but we're going to do it with certain traits or certain kinds of personalities that might come in when you're interviewing people.Tyler Cowen   Okay, it's probably all going to be indeterminate, but go on.Dwarkesh Patel   Right. So somebody comes in, and they're very humble.Tyler Cowen   Immediately I'm suspicious. I figure most people who are going to make something of themselves are arrogant. If they're willing to show it, there's a certain bravery or openness in that. I don't rule out the humble person doing great. A lot of people who do great are humble, but I just get a wee bit like, “what's up with you? You're not really humble, are you?”Dwarkesh Patel   Maybe humility is a way of avoiding confrontation–– if you don't have the competence to actually show that you can be great. Tyler Cowen   It might be efficient for them to avoid confrontation, but I just start thinking that I don't know the real story. When I see a bit of arrogance, I'm less likely to think that it may, in a way, be feigned. But the feigning of arrogance in itself is a kind of arrogance. So in that sense, I'm still getting the genuine thing. Dwarkesh Patel   So what is the difference? Let's say a 15-year-old who is kind of arrogant versus a 50-year-old who is kind of arrogant, and the latter has accomplishments already while the first one doesn't. Is there a difference in how you perceive humility or the lack thereof?Tyler Cowen   Oh, sure. With the 50-year-old, you want to see what they have done, and you're much more likely to think the 50 year old should feign humility than the 15-year-old. Because that's the high-status thing to do–– it's to feign humility. If they can't do that, you figure, “Here's one thing they're bad at. What else are they bad at?” Whereas with the 15-year-old, maybe they have a chip on their shoulder and they can't quite hold it all in. Oh, that's great and fine. Let's see what you're gonna do.Dwarkesh Patel   How arrogant can you be? There are many 15 year olds who are really good at math, and they have ambitions like “I want to solve P ≠ NP” or “I want to build an AGI” or something. Is there some level where you just clearly don't understand what's going on since you think you can do something like that? Or is arrogance always a plus?Tyler Cowen   I haven't seen that level of arrogance yet. If a 15-year-old said to me, “in three years, I'm going to invent a perpetual motion machine,”  I would think “No, now you're just crazy.” But no one's ever said that to me. There's this famous Mark Zuckerberg story where he went into the VC meeting at Sequoia wearing his pajamas and he told Sequoia not to give him money. He was 18 at a minimum, that's pretty arrogant behavior and we should be fine with that. We know how the story ends. So it's really hard to be too arrogant. But once you say this, because of the second order effect, you start thinking: “Well, are they just being arrogant as an act?” And then in the “act sense”, yes, they can be too arrogant.Dwarkesh Patel   Isn't the backstory there that Mark was friends with Sean Parker and then Sean Parker had beef with Sequoia…Tyler Cowen   There's something like that. I wouldn't want to say off the top of my head exactly what, but there is a backstory.Dwarkesh Patel   Okay. Somebody comes in professionally dressed when they don't need to. They've got a crisp clean shirt. They've got a nice wash. Tyler Cowen How old are they?Dwarkesh Patel 20.Tyler Cowen They're too conformist. Again, with some jobs, conformity is great, but I get a little suspicious, at least for what I'm looking for. Though I wouldn't rule them out for a lot of things–– it's a plus, right?Dwarkesh Patel   Is there a point though, where you're in some way being conformist by dressing up in a polo shirt? Like if you're in San Francisco right now, it seems like the conformist thing is not to wear a suit to an interview if you're trying to be a software engineer.Tyler Cowen   Yeah, there might be situations where it's so weird, so over the top, so conformist, that it's actually totally non-conformist. Like “I don't know anyone who's a conformist like you are!” Maybe it's not being a conformist, or just being some kind of nut, that makes you interested again.Dwarkesh Patel   An overall sense that you get from the person that they're really content, almost like Buddha came in for an interview. A sense of wellbeing.Tyler Cowen   It's gonna depend on context, I don't think I'd hold it against someone, but I wouldn't take it at face value. You figure they're antsy in some way, you hope. You'll see it with more time, I would just think.Dwarkesh Patel   Somebody who uses a lot of nootropics. They're constantly using caffeine, but maybe on the side (multiple times a week), they're also using Adderall, Modafinil, and other kinds of nootropics.Tyler Cowen   I don't personally like it, but I've never seen evidence that it's negatively correlated with success, so I would try to put it out of my mind. I sort of personally get a queasy feeling like “Do you really know what you're doing. Is all this stuff good for you? Why do you need this?” That's my actual reaction, but again, at the intellectual level, it does seem to work for some people, or at least not screw them up too much.Dwarkesh Patel   You don't drink caffeine, correct? Tyler Cowen  Zero.Dwarkesh Patel Why?Tyler Cowen I don't like it. It might be bad for you. Dwarkesh Patel Oh really, you think so? Tyler Cowen People get addicted to it.Dwarkesh Patel    You're not worried it might make you less productive over the long term? It's more about you just don't want to be addicted to something?Tyler Cowen   Well, since I don't know it well, I'm not sure what my worries are. But the status quo regime seems to work. I observe a lot of people who end up addicted to coffee, coke, soda, stuff we know is bad for you. So I think: “What's the problem I need to solve? Why do it?”Dwarkesh Patel   What if they have a history of mental illness like depression or anxiety? Not that mental illnesses are good, but at the current margins, do you think that maybe they're punished too heavily? Or maybe that people don't take them seriously enough that they actually have a bigger signal than the people are considering?Tyler Cowen   I don't know. I mean, both could be true, right? So there's definitely positive correlations between that stuff and artistic creativity. Whether or not it's causal is harder to say, but it correlates. So you certainly should take the person seriously. But would they be the best Starbucks cashier? I don't know.How does Education Affect Talent?Dwarkesh Patel   Yeah. In another podcast, you've pointed out that some of the most talented people you see who are neglected are 15 to 17 year olds. How does this impact how you think? Let's say you were in charge of a high school, you're the principal of a high school, and you know that there's 2000 students there. A few of them have to be geniuses, right? How is the high school run by Tyler Cowen? Especially for the very smartest people there? Tyler Cowen   Less homework! I would work harder to hire better teachers, pay them more, and fire the bad ones if I'm allowed to do that. Those are no-brainers, but mainly less homework and I'd have more people come in who are potential role models. Someone like me! I was invited once to Flint Hill High School in Oakton, it's right nearby. I went in, I wasn't paid. I just figured “I'll do this.” It seems to me a lot of high schools don't even try. They could get a bunch of people to come in for free to just say “I'm an economist, here's what being an economist is like” for 45 minutes. Is that so much worse than the BS the teacher has to spew? Of course not. So I would just do more things like that.Dwarkesh Patel   I want to understand the difference between these three options. The first is: somebody like you actually gives an in-person lecture saying “this is what life is like”. The second is zoom, you could use zoom to do that. The third is that it's not live in any way whatsoever. You're just kind of like maybe showing a video of the person. Tyler Cowen   I'm a big believer in vividness. So Zoom is better than nothing. A lot of people are at a distance, but I think you'll get more and better responses by inviting local people to do it live. And there's plenty of local people, where most of the good schools are.Dwarkesh Patel   Are you tempted to just give these really smart 15-year-olds a hall pass to the library all day and some WiFi access, and then just leave them alone? Or do you think that they need some sort of structure?Tyler Cowen   I think they need some structure, but you have to let them rebel against it and do their own thing. Zero structure strikes me as great for a few of them, but even for the super talented ones, it's not perfect. They need exposure to things, and they need some teachers as role models. So you want them to have some structure.Dwarkesh Patel   If you read old books about education, there's a strong emphasis on moral instruction. Do you think that needs to be an important part of education? Tyler Cowen   I'd like to see more data. But I suspect the best moral instruction is the teachers actually being good people. I think that works. But again, I'd like to see the data. But somehow getting up and lecturing them about the seven virtues or something. That seems to me to be a waste of time, and maybe even counterproductive.Dwarkesh Patel   Now, the way I read your book about talent, it also seems like a critique of Bryan's book, The Case Against Education.Tyler Cowen   Ofcourse it is. Bryan describes me as the guy who's always torturing him, and in a sense, he's right.Dwarkesh Patel   Well, I guess more specifically, it seems that Bryan's book relies on the argument that you need a costly signal to show that you have talent, or you have intelligence, conscientiousness, and other traits. But if you can just learn that from a 1500 word essay and a zoom call, then maybe college is not about the signal.Tyler Cowen   In that sense, I'm not sure it's a good critique of Bryan. So for most people in the middle of the distribution, I don't think you can learn what I learned from Top 5 Emergent Ventures winners through an application and a half-hour zoom call. But that said, I think the talent book shows you my old saying: context is that which is scarce. And you're always testing people for their understanding of context. Most people need a fair amount of higher education to acquire that context, even if they don't remember the detailed content of their classes. So I think Bryan overlooks how much people actually learn when they go to school.Dwarkesh Patel   How would you go about measuring the amount of context of somebody who went to college? Is there something you can point to that says, “Oh, clearly they're getting some context, otherwise, they wouldn't be able to do this”?Tyler Cowen   I think if you meet enough people who didn't go to college, you'll see the difference, on average. Stressing the word average. Now there are papers measuring positive returns to higher education. I don't think they all show it's due to context, but I am persuaded by most of Brian's arguments that you don't remember the details of what you learned in class. Oh, you learn this about astronomy and Kepler's laws and opportunity costs, etc. but people can't reproduce that two or three years later. It seems pretty clear we know that. However, they do learn a lot of context and how to deal with different personality types.Dwarkesh Patel   Would you falsify this claim, though, that you are getting a lot of context? Is it just something that you had to qualitatively evaluate? What would have to be true in the world for you to conclude that the opposite is true? Tyler Cowen   Well, if you could show people remembered a lot of the facts they learned, and those facts were important for their jobs, neither of which I think is true. But in principle, they're demonstrable, then you would be much more skeptical about the context being the thing that mattered. But as it stands now, that's the residual. And it's probably what matters.Dwarkesh Patel   Right. So I thought that Bryan shared in the book that actually people don't even remember many of the basic facts that they learned in school.Tyler Cowen   Ofcourse they don't. But that's not the main thing they learn. They learn some vision of how the world works, how they fit into it, that they ought to have higher aspirations, that they can join the upper middle class, that they're supposed to have a particular kind of job. Here are the kinds of jerks you're going to meet along the way! Here's some sense of how dating markets work! Maybe you're in a fraternity, maybe you do a sport and so on. That's what you learned. Dwarkesh Patel   How did you spot Bryan?Tyler Cowen   He was in high school when I met him, and it was some kind of HS event. I think he made a point of seeking me out. And I immediately thought, “Well this guy is going to be something like, gotta keep track of this guy. Right away.”Dwarkesh Patel   Can you say more - what happened?Tyler Cowen   His level of enthusiasm, his ability to speak with respect to detail. He was just kind of bursting with everything. It was immediately evident, as it still is. Bryan has changed less than almost anyone else I know over what is now.. he could tell you how many years but it's been a whole bunch of decades.Dwarkesh Patel   Interesting. So if that's the case, then it would have been interesting to meet somebody who is like Bryan, but a 19 year old.Tyler Cowen   Yeah, and I did. I was right. Talent ScoutingDwarkesh Patel   To what extent do the best talent scouts inevitably suffer from Goodhart's Law? Has something like this happened to you where your approval gets turned into a credential? So a whole bunch of non-earnest people start applying, you get a whole bunch of adverse selection, and then it becomes hard for you to run your program.Tyler Cowen   It is not yet hard to run the program. If I needed to, I would just shut down applications. I've seen a modest uptick in bad applications, but it takes so little time to decide they're no good, or just not a good fit for us that it's not a problem. So the endorsement does get credentialized. Mostly, that's a good thing, right? Like you help the people you pick. And then you see what happens next and you keep on innovating as you need to.Dwarkesh Patel   You say in the book that the super talented are best at spotting other super talented individuals. And there aren't many of the super talented talent spotters to go around. So this sounds like you're saying that if you're not super talented, much of the book will maybe not do you a bunch of good. Results be weary should be maybe on the title. How much of talent spotting can be done by people who aren't themselves super talented?Tyler Cowen   Well, I'd want to see the context of what I wrote. But I'm well aware of the fact that in basketball, most of the greatest general managers were not great players. Someone like Jerry West, right? I'd say Pat Riley was not. So again, that's something you could study. But I don't generally think that the best talent scouts are themselves super talented.Dwarkesh Patel   Then what is the skill in particular that they have that if it's not the particular thing that they're working on?Tyler Cowen   Some intangible kind of intuition, where they feel the right thing in the people they meet. We try to teach people that intuition, the same way you might teach art or music appreciation. But it's not a science. It's not paint-by-numbers.Dwarkesh Patel   Even with all the advice in the book, and even with the stuff that isn't in the book that is just your inarticulable knowledge about how to spot talent, all your intuitions… How much of the variance in somebody's “True Potential” is just fundamentally unpredictable? If it's just like too chaotic of a thing to actually get your grips on. To what extent are we going to truly be able to spot talent?Tyler Cowen   I think it will always be an art. If you look at the success rates of VCs, it depends on what you count as the pool they're drawing from, but their overall rate of picking winners is not that impressive. And they're super high stakes. They're super smart. So I think it will mostly remain an art and not a science. People say, “Oh, genomics this, genomics that”. We'll see, but somehow I don't think that will change this.Dwarkesh Patel   You don't think getting a polygenic risk score of drive, for example, is going to be a thing that happens?Tyler Cowen   Maybe future genomics will be incredibly different from what we have now. Maybe. But it's not around the corner.Dwarkesh Patel   Yeah. Maybe the sample size is just so low and somebody is like “How are you even gonna collect that data? How are you gonna get the correlates of who the super talented people are?”Tyler Cowen   That, plus how genomic data interact with each other. You can apply machine learning and so on, but it just seems quite murky.Dwarkesh Patel   If the best people get spotted earlier, and you can tell who is a 10x engineer in a company and who is only a 1x engineer, or a 0.5x engineer, doesn't that mean that, in a way that inequality will get worse? Because now the 10x engineer knows that they're 10x, and everybody else knows that they're 10x, they're not going to be willing to cross subsidize and your other employees are going to be wanting to get paid proportionate to their skill.Tyler Cowen   Well, they might be paid more, but they'll also innovate more, right? So they'll create more benefits for people who are doing nothing. My intuition is that overall, inequality of wellbeing will go down. But you can't say that's true apriori. Inequality of income might also go up.Dwarkesh Patel   And then will the slack in the system go away for people who are not top performers? Like you can tell now, if we're getting better.Tyler Cowen   This has happened already in contemporary America. As I wrote, “Average is over.” Not due to super sophisticated talent spotting. Sometimes, it's simply the fact that in a lot of service sectors, you can measure output reasonably directly––like did you finish the computer program? Did it work? That has made it harder for people to get paid things they don't deserve.Dwarkesh Patel   I wonder if this leads to adverse selection in the areas where you can't measure how well somebody is doing. So the people who are kind of lazy and bums, they'll just go into places where output can't be measured. So these industries will just be overflowing with the people who don't want to work.Tyler Cowen   Absolutely. And then the people who are talented in the sectors, maybe they'll leave and start their own companies and earn through equity, and no one is really ever measuring their labor power. Still, what they're doing is working and they're making more from it.Dwarkesh Patel   If talent is partly heritable, then the better you get at spotting talent, over time, will the social mobility in society go down?Tyler Cowen   Depends how you measure social mobility. Is it relative to the previous generation? Most talent spotters don't know a lot about parents, like I don't know anything about your parents at all! The other aspect of spotting talent is hoping the talent you mobilize does great things for people not doing anything at all. That's the kind of automatic social mobility they get. But if you're measuring quintiles across generations, the intuition could go either way.Dwarkesh Patel   But this goes back to wondering whether this is a one time gain or not. Maybe initially they can help the people who are around them. Somebody in Brazil, they help people around them. But once you've found them, they're gonna go to those clusters you talked about, and they're gonna be helping the people with San Francisco who don't need help. So is this a one time game then?Tyler Cowen   Many people from India seem to give back to India in a very consistent way. People from Russia don't seem to do that. That may relate to the fact that Russia is in terrible shape, and India has a brighter future. So it will depend. But I certainly think there are ways of arranging things where people give back a lot.Dwarkesh Patel   Let's talk about Emergent Ventures. Sure. So I wonder: if the goal of Emergent Ventures is to raise aspirations, does that still work given the fact that you have to accept some people but reject other people? In Bayesian terms, the updates up have to equal the updates down? In some sense, you're almost transferring a vision edge from the excellent to the truly great. You see what I'm saying?Tyler Cowen   Well, you might discourage the people you turn away. But if they're really going to do something, they should take that as a challenge. And many do! Like “Oh, I was rejected by Harvard, I had to go to UChicago, but I decided, I'm going to show those b******s.” I think we talked about that a few minutes ago. So if I just crushed the spirits of those who are rejected, I don't feel too bad about that. They should probably be in some role anyway where they're just working for someone.Dwarkesh Patel   But let me ask you the converse of that which is, if you do accept somebody, are you worried that if one of the things that drives people is getting rejected, and then wanting to prove that you will reject them wrong, are you worried that by accepting somebody when they're 15, you're killing that thing? The part of them that wants to get some kind of approval?Tyler Cowen   Plenty of other people will still reject them right? Not everyone accepts them every step of the way. Maybe they're just awesome. LeBron James is basketball history and past a certain point, it just seems everyone wanted him for a bunch of decades now. I think deliberately with a lot of candidates, you shouldn't encourage them too much. I make a point of chewing out a lot of people just to light a fire under them, like “what you're doing. It's not gonna work.” So I'm all for that selectively.Dwarkesh Patel   Why do you think that so many of the people who have led Emergent Ventures are interested in Effective Altruism?Tyler Cowen   There is a moment right now for Effective Altruism, where it is the thing. Some of it is political polarization, the main parties are so stupid and offensive, those energies will go somewhere. Some of that in 1970 maybe went to libertarianism. Libertarianism has been out there for too long. It doesn't seem to address a lot of current problems, like climate change or pandemics very well. So where should the energy go? The Rationality community gets some of it and that's related to EA, as I'm sure you know. The tech startup community gets some of it. That's great! It seems to be working pretty well to me. Like I'm not an EA person. But maybe they deserve a lot of it.Dwarkesh Patel   But you don't think it's persistent. You think it comes and goes?Tyler Cowen   I think it will come and go. But I think EA will not vanish. Like libertarianism, it will continue for quite a long time.Dwarkesh Patel   Is there any movement that has attracted young people? That has been persistent over time? Or did they all fade? Tyler Cowen   Christianity. Judaism. Islam. They're pretty persistent. [laughs]Dwarkesh Patel   So to the extent that being more religious makes you more persistent, can we view the criticism of EA saying that it's kind of like a religion as a plus?Tyler Cowen   Ofcourse, yeah! I think it's somewhat like a religion. To me, that's a plus, we need more religions. I wish more of the religions we needed were just flat-out religions. But in the meantime, EA will do,Money, Deceit, and Emergent VenturesDwarkesh Patel   Are there times when somebody asks you for a grant and you view that as a negative signal? Let's say they're especially when well off: they're a former Google engineer, they wanna start a new project, and they're asking you for a grant. Do you worry that maybe they're too risk averse? Do you want them to put their own capital into it? Or do you think that maybe they were too conformist because they needed your approval before they went ahead?Tyler Cowen   Things like this have happened. And I asked people flat out, “Why do you want this grant from me?” And it is a forcing question in the sense that if their answer isn't good, I won't give it to them. Even though they might have a good level of talent, good ideas, whatever, they have to be able to answer that question in a credible way. Some can, some can't.Dwarkesh Patel   I remember that the President of the University of Chicago many years back said that if you rejected the entire class of freshmen that are coming in and accepted the next 1500 that they had to reject that year, then there'll be no difference in the quality of the admits.Tyler Cowen   I would think UChicago is the one school where that's not true. I agree that it's true for most schools.Dwarkesh Patel   Do you think that's also true of Emergent Ventures?Tyler Cowen   No. Not at all.Dwarkesh Patel   How good is a marginal reject?Tyler Cowen   Not good. It's a remarkably bimodal distribution as I perceive it, and maybe I'm wrong. But there aren't that many cases where I'm agonizing and if I'm agonizing I figure it probably should be a no.Dwarkesh Patel   I guess that makes it even tougher if you do get rejected. Because it wasn't like, “oh, you weren't a right fit for the job,” or “you almost made the cut.” It's like, “No, we're actually just assessing your potential and not some sort of fit for the job.” Not only were you just not on the edge of potential, but you were also way on the other edge of the curve.Tyler Cowen   But a lot of these rejected people and projects, I don't think they're spilling tears over it. Like you get an application. Someone's in Akron, Ohio, and they want to start a nonprofit dog shelter. They saw EV on the list of things you can apply to. They apply to a lot of things and maybe never get funding. It's like people who enter contests or something, they apply to EV. Nothing against non-profit dog shelters, but that's kind of a no, right? I genuinely don't know their response, but I don't think they walk away from the experience with some deeper model of what they should infer from the EV decision.Dwarkesh Patel   How much does the money part of Emergent Ventures matter? If you just didn't give them the money?Tyler Cowen   There's a whole bunch of proposals that really need the money for capital costs, and then it matters a lot. For a lot of them, the money per se doesn't matter.Dwarkesh Patel   Right, then. So what is the function of return for that? Do you like 10x the money, or do you add .1x the money for some of these things? Do you think they add up to seemingly different results? Tyler Cowen   I think a lot of foundations give out too many large grants and not enough small grants. I hope I'm at an optimum. But again, I don't have data to tell you. I do think about this a lot, and I think small grants are underrated.Dwarkesh Patel   Why are women often better at detecting deceit?Tyler Cowen   I would assume for biological and evolutionary reasons that there are all these men trying to deceive them, right? The cost of a pregnancy is higher for a woman than for a man on average, by quite a bit. So women will develop defense mechanisms that men maybe don't have as much.Dwarkesh Patel   One thing I heard from somebody I was brainstorming these questions with–– she just said that maybe it's because women just discuss personal matters more. And so therefore, they have a greater library.Tyler Cowen   Well, that's certainly true. But that's subordinate to my explanation, I'd say. There are definitely a lot of intermediate steps. Things women do more of that help them be insightful.Building Writing StaminaDwarkesh Patel   Why is writing skill so important to you?Tyler Cowen   Well, one thing is that I'm good at judging it. Across scales, I'm very bad at judging, so there's nothing on the EV application testing for your lacrosse skill. But look, writing is a form of thinking. And public intellectuals are one of the things I want to support. Some of the companies I admire are ones with writing cultures like Amazon or Stripe. So writing it is! I'm a good reader. So you're going to be asked to write.Dwarkesh Patel   Do you think it's a general fact that writing correlates with just general competence? Tyler Cowen   I do, but especially the areas that I'm funding. It's strongly related. Whether it's true for everything is harder to say.Dwarkesh Patel   Can stamina be increased?Tyler Cowen   Of course. It's one of the easier things to increase. I don't think you can become superhuman in your energy and stamina if you're not born that way. But I think almost everyone could increase by 30% to 50%, some notable amount. Dwarkesh Patel   Okay, that's interesting.Tyler Cowen   Put aside maybe people with disabilities or something but definitely when it comes to people in regular circumstances.Dwarkesh Patel   Okay. I think it's interesting because in the blog post from Robin Hanson about stamina, I think his point of view was that this is just something that's inherent to people.Tyler Cowen   Well, I don't think that's totally false. The people who have superhuman stamina are born that way. But there are plenty of origins. I mean, take physical stamina. You don't think people can train more and run for longer? Of course they can. It's totally proven. So it would be weird if this rule held for all these organs but not your brain. That seems quite implausible. Especially for someone like Robin, where your brain is just this other organ that you're gonna download or upload or goodness knows what with it. He's a physicalist if there ever was one.Dwarkesh Patel   Have you read Haruki Murakami's book on running?Tyler Cowen   No, I've been meaning to. I'm not sure how interesting I'll find it. I will someday. I like his stuff a lot.Dwarkesh Patel   But what I found really interesting about it was just how linked building physical stamina is for him to building up the stamina to write a lot.Tyler Cowen   Magnus Carlsen would say the same with chess. Being in reasonable physical shape is important for your mental stamina, which is another kind of simple proof that you can boost your mental stamina.When Does Intelligence Start to Matter?Dwarkesh Patel   After reading the book, I was inclined to think that intelligence matters more than I previously thought. Not less. You say in the book that intelligence has convex returns and that it matters especially for areas like inventors. Then you also say that if you look at some of the most important things in society, something like what Larry and Sergey did, they're basically inventors, right? So in many of the most important things in society, intelligence matters more because of the increasing returns. It seems like with Emergent Ventures, you're trying to pick the people who are at the tail. You're not looking for a barista at Starbucks. So it seems like you should care about intelligence more, given the evidence there. Tyler Cowen   More than who does? I feel what the book presents is, in fact, my view. So kind of by definition, I agree with that view. But yes, there's a way of reading it where intelligence really matters a lot. But it's only for a relatively small number of jobs.Dwarkesh Patel   Maybe you just started off with a really high priori on intelligence, and that's why you downgraded?Tyler Cowen   There are a lot of jobs that I actually hire for in actual life, where smarts are not the main thing I look for.Dwarkesh Patel   Does the convexity of returns on intelligence suggest that maybe the multiplicative model is wrong? Because if the multiplicative model is right, you would expect to see decreasing returns and putting your stats on one skill. You'd want to diversify more, right?Tyler Cowen   I think the convexity of returns to intelligence is embedded in a multiplicative model, where the IQ returns only cash out for people good at all these other things. For a lot of geniuses, they just can't get out of bed in the morning, and you're stuck, and you should write them off.Dwarkesh Patel   So you cite the data that Sweden collects from everybody that enters the military there. The CEOs are apparently not especially smart. But one thing I found interesting in that same data was that Swedish soccer players are pretty smart. The better a soccer player is, the smarter they are. You've interviewed professional basketball players turned public intellectuals on your podcast. They sound extremely smart to me. What is going on there? Why, anecdotally, and with some limited amounts of evidence, does it seem that professional athletes are smarter than you would expect?Tyler Cowen   I'm a big fan of the view that top-level athletic performance is super cognitively intense and that most top athletes are really extraordinarily smart. I don't just mean smart on the court (though, obviously that), but smart more broadly. This is underrated. I think Michelle Dawson was the one who talked me into this, but absolutely, I'm with you all the way.Dwarkesh Patel   Do you think this is just mutational load or––Tyler Cowen   You actually have to be really smart to figure out things like how to lead a team, how to improve yourself, how to practice, how to outsmart the opposition, all these other things. Maybe it's not the only way to get there, but it is very G loaded. You certainly see some super talented athletes who just go bust. Or they may destroy themselves with drugs: there are plenty of tales like that, and you don't have to look hard. Dwarkesh Patel   Are there other areas where you wouldn't expect it to be G loaded but it actually is?Tyler Cowen   Probably, but there's so many! I just don't know, but sports is something in my life I followed. So I definitely have opinions about it. They seem incredibly smart to me when they're interviewed. They're not always articulate, and they're sort of talking themselves into biased exposure. But I heard Michael Jordan in the 90s, and I thought, “That guy's really smart.” So I think he is! Look at Charles Barkley. He's amazing, right? There's hardly anyone I'd rather listen to, even about talent, than Charles Barkley. It's really interesting. He's not that tall, you can't say, “oh, he succeeded. Because he's seven foot two,” he was maybe six foot four tops. And they called him the Round Mound of Rebound. And how did he do that? He was smart. He figured out where the ball was going. The weaknesses of his opponents, he had to nudge them the right way, and so on. Brilliant guy.Dwarkesh Patel   What I find really remarkable is that (not just with athletes, but in many other professions), if you interview somebody who is at the top of that field, they come off really really smart! For example, YouTubers and even sex workers.Tyler Cowen   So whoever is like the top gardener, I expect I would be super impressed by them.Spotting Talent (Counter)signalsDwarkesh Patel   Right. Now all your books are in some way about talent, right? Let me read you the following passage from An Economist Gets Lunch, and I want you to tell me how we can apply this insight to talent. “At a fancy fancy restaurant, the menu is well thought out. The time and attention of the kitchen are scarce. An item won't be on the menu unless there's a good reason for its presence. If it sounds bad, it probably tastes especially good?”Tyler Cowen   That's counter-signaling, right? So anything that is very weird, they will keep on the menu because it has a devoted set of people who keep on ordering it and appreciate it. That's part of the talent of being a chef, you can come up with such things. Dwarkesh Patel   How do we apply this to talent? Tyler Cowen   Well, with restaurants, you have selection pressure where you're only going to ones that have cleared certain hurdles. So this is true for talent only for talents who are established. If you see a persistent NBA player who's a very poor free throw shooter like Shaquille O'Neal was, you can more or less assume they're really good at something else. But for people who are not established, there's not the same selection pressure so there's not an analogous inference you can draw.Dwarkesh Patel   So if I show up to an Emergent Ventures conference, and I meet somebody, and they don't seem especially impressive with the first impression, then I should believe their work is especially impressive. Tyler Cowen Yes, absolutely, yes. Dwarkesh Patel   Okay, so my understanding of your book Creative Destruction is that maybe on average, cultural diversity will go down. But in special niches, the diversity and ingenuity will go up. Can I apply the same insight to talent? Maybe two random college grads will have similar skill sets over time, but if you look at people on the tails, will their skills and knowledge become even more specialized and even more diverse?Tyler Cowen   There are a lot of different presuppositions in your question. So first, is cultural diversity going up or down? That I think is multi-dimensional. Say different cities in different countries will be more like each other over time.. that said, the genres they produce don't have to become more similar. They're more similar in the sense that you can get sushi in each one. But novel cuisine in Dhaka and Senegal might be taking a very different path from novel cuisine in Tokyo, Japan. So what happens with cultural diversity.. I think the most reliable generalization is that it tends to come out of larger units. Small groups and tribes and linguistic groups get absorbed. Those people don't stop being creative and other venues, but there are fewer unique isolated cultures, and much more thickly diverse urban creativity. That would be the main generalization I would put forward. So if you wanted to apply that generalization to talent, I think in a funny way, we come back to my earlier point: talent just tends to be geographically extremely well clustered. That's not the question you asked, but it's how I would reconfigure the pieces of it.Dwarkesh Patel   Interesting. What do you suggest about finding talent in a globalized world? In particular, if it's cheaper to find talent because of the internet, does that mean that you should be selecting more mediocre candidates?Tyler Cowen   I think it means you should be more bullish on immigrants from Africa. It's relatively hard to get out of Africa to the United States in most cases. That's a sign the person put in a lot of effort and ability. Maybe an easy country to come here from would be Canada, all other things equal. Again, I'd want this to be measured. The people who come from countries that are hard to come from like India, actually, the numbers are fairly high, but the roots are mostly pretty gated.Dwarkesh Patel   Is part of the reason that talent is hard to spot and find today that we have an aging population?  So then we would have more capital, more jobs, more mentorship available for young people coming up, than there are young people.Tyler Cowen   I don't think we're really into demographic decline yet. Not in the United States. Maybe in Japan, that would be true. But it seems to me, especially with the internet, there's more 15-year-old talent today than ever before, by a lot, not just by little. You see this in chess, right? Where we can measure performance very well. There's a lot more young talent from many different places, including the US. So, aging hasn't mattered yet. Maybe for a few places, but not here.Dwarkesh Patel   What do you think will change in talent spotting as society becomes older?Tyler Cowen   It depends on what you mean by society. I think the US, unless it totally screws up on immigration, will always have a very seriously good flow of young people that we don't ever have to enter the aging equilibrium the way Japan probably already has. So I don't know what will change. Then there's work from a distance, there's hiring from a distance, funding from a distance. As you know, there's EV India, and we do that at a distance. So I don't think we're ever going to enter that world..Dwarkesh Patel   But then what does it look like for Japan? Is part of the reason that Japanese cultures and companies are arranged the way they are and do the recruitment the way they do linked to their demographics? Tyler Cowen   That strikes me as a plausible reason. I don't think I know enough to say, but it wouldn't surprise me if that turned out to be the case.Dwarkesh Patel   To what extent do you need a sort of “great man ethos” in your culture in order to empower the top talent? Like if you have too much political and moral egalitarianism, you're not going to give great people the real incentive and drive to strive to be great.Tyler Cowen   You've got to say “great man or great woman ethos”, or some other all-purpose word we wish to use. I worry much less about woke ideology than a lot of people I know. It's not my thing, but it's something young people can rebel against. If that keeps you down, I'm not so impressed by you. I think it's fine. Let the woke reign, people can work around them.Dwarkesh Patel   But overall, if you have a culture or like Europe, do you think that has any impact on––Tyler Cowen   Europe has not woken up in a lot of ways, right? Europe is very chauvinist and conservative in the literal sense, and often quite old fashioned depending on what you're talking about. But Europe, I would say, is much less woke than the United States. I wouldn't say that's their main problem, but you can't say, “oh, they don't innovate because they're too woke”, like hang out with some 63 year old Danish guys and see how woke you think they are once everyone's had a few drinks.Dwarkesh Patel   My question wasn't about wokeism. I just meant in general, if you have an egalitarian society.Tyler Cowen   I think of Europe as less egalitarian. I think they have bad cultural norms for innovation. They're culturally so non-egalitarian. Again, it depends where but Paris would be the extreme. There, everyone is classified right? By status, and how you need to wear your sweater the right way, and this and that. Now, how innovative is Paris? Actually, maybe more than people think. But I still think they have too few dimensions of status competition. That's a general problem in most of Europe–– too few dimensions of status competition, not enough room for the proverbial village idiot.Dwarkesh Patel   Interesting. You say in the book, that questions tend to degrade over time if you don't replace them. I find it interesting that Y Combinator has kept the same questions since they were started in 2005. And of course, your co-author was a partner at Y Combinator. Do you think that works for Y Combinator or do you think they're probably making a mistake?Tyler Cowen   I genuinely don't know. There are people who will tell you that Y Combinator, while still successful, has become more like a scalable business school and less like attracting all the top weirdos who do amazing things. Again, I'd want to see data before asserting that myself, but you certainly hear it a lot. So it could be that Y Combinator is a bit stale. But still in a good sense. Like Harvard is stale, right? It dates from the 17th century. But it's still amazing. MIT is stale. Maybe Y Combinator has become more like those groups.Dwarkesh Patel   Do you think that will happen to Emergent Ventures eventually?Tyler Cowen   I don't think so because it has a number of unique features built in from the front. So a very small number of evaluators too. It might grow a little bit, but it's not going to grow that much. I'm not paid to do it, so that really limits how much it's going to scale. There's not a staff that has to be carried where you're captured by the staff, there is no staff. There's a bit of free riding on staff who do other things, but there's no sense of if the program goes away, all my buddies on staff get laid off. No. So it's kind of pop up, and low cost of exit. Whenever that time comes.Dwarkesh Patel   Do you personally have questions that you haven't put in the book or elsewhere because you want them to be fresh? For asking somebody who's applying to her for the grant? Tyler Cowen   Well, I didn't when we wrote the book. So we put everything in there that we were thinking of, but over time, we've developed more. I don't generally give them out during interviews, because you have to keep some stock. So yeah, there's been more since then, but we weren't holding back at the time.Dwarkesh Patel It's like a comedy routine. You gotta write a new one each year.Tyler Cowen That's right. But when your shows are on the air, you do give your best jokes, right?Will Reading Cowen's Book Help You Win Emergent Ventures?Dwarkesh Patel Let's say someone applying to emergent ventures reads your book. Are they any better off? Or are they perhaps worse off because maybe they become misleading or have a partial view into what's required of them?Tyler Cowen   I hope they're not better off in a way, but probably they are. I hope they use it to understand their own talent better and present it in a better way. Not just to try to manipulate the system. But most people aren't actually that good at manipulating that kind of system so I'm not too worried.Dwarkesh Patel   In a sense, if they can manipulate the system, that's a positive signal of some kind.Tyler Cowen   Like, if you could fool me –– hey, what else have you got to say, you know? [laughs]Dwarkesh Patel   Are you worried that when young people will encounter you now, they're going to think of you as sort of a talent judge and a good one at that so they're maybe going to be more self aware than whether––Tyler Cowen   Yes. I worry about the effect of this on me. Maybe a lot of my interactions become less genuine, or people are too self conscious, or too stilted or something.Dwarkesh Patel   Is there something you can do about that? Or is that just baked in the gig?Tyler Cowen   I don't know, if you do your best to try to act genuine, whatever that means, maybe you can avoid it a bit or delay it at least a bit. But a lot of it I don't think you can avoid. In part, you're just cashing in. I'm 60 and I don't think I'll still be doing this when I'm 80. So if I have like 18 years of cashing in, maybe it's what I should be doing.Identifying talent earlyDwarkesh Patel   To what extent are the principles of finding talent timeless? If you're looking for let's say, a general for the French Revolution, how much of this does the advice change? Are the basic principles the same over time?Tyler Cowen   Well, one of the key principles is context. You need to focus on how the sector is different. But if you're doing that, then I think at the meta level the principles broadly stay the same.Dwarkesh Patel   You have a really interesting book about autism and systematizers. You think Napoleon was autistic?Tyler Cowen   I've read several biographies of him and haven't come away with that impression, but you can't rule it out. Who are the biographers? Now it gets back to our question of: How valuable is history? Did the biographers ever meet Napoleon? Well, some of them did, but those people had such weak.. other intellectual categories. The modern biography is written by Andrew Roberts, or whoever you think is good, I don't know. So how can I know?Dwarkesh Patel   Right? Again, the issue is that the details that stick in my mind from reading the biography are the ones that make him seem autistic, right?Tyler Cowen   Yes. There's a tendency in biographies to storify things, and that's dangerous too. Dwarkesh Patel   How general across a pool is talent or just competence of any kind? If you look at somebody like Peter Thiel–– investor, great executive, great thinker even, certainly Napoleon, and I think it was some mathematician either Lagrangian or Laplace, who said that he (Napoleon) could have been a mathematician if he wanted to. I don't know if that's true, but it does seem that the top achievers in one field seem to be able to move across fields and be top achievers in other fields. I

Europe's Jewish population suffered during every stage of the Holocaust, but by the time the Third Reich occupied Hungary and targeted its Jews for deportation and extermination, the concentration camps had reached their most efficient form. Historian Geralt Reitlinger said the Hungarian Holocaust was “the most concentrated and methodical deportation and massacre program of the war, a slaughter machine that functioned, perfectly oiled, for forty-six days on end.” Every day, 12,000 arrived at Auschwitz and either were forced into hard labor or met their ends in gas chambers. But if it were not for the bravery of two prisoners who broke out of the camps and broke the story to the world, hundreds of thousands more could have died.After nearly suffocating in an underground bunker, Auschwitz prisoners Ceslav Mordowicz and Arnost Rosin escaped and informed Jewish leaders about what they had seen. Their testimony in early June, 1944, corroborated earlier hard-to-believe reports of mass killing in Auschwitz by lethal gas and provided eyewitness accounts of arrivals of Hungarian Jews meeting the same fate. It was the spark needed to stir a call for action to pressure Hungary's premier to defy Hitler—just hours before more than 200,000 Budapest Jews were to be deported.Todays guest is Fred Bleakly, author of The Auschwitz Protocols: Ceslav Mordowicsz and the Race to Save Hungary's Jews. We discuss how the courage of only a few people can do incredible good, even in the absolute worst of circumstances.

Susan Faludi talks with host Richard Wolinsky about her book, In The Darkroom, winner of the 2016 Kirkus Prize and a finalist for the 2017 Pulitzer Prize. This encore podcast was first posted on October 5, 2016. In The Darkroom remains Susan Faludi's most recent book to date. In The Darkroom is about a search for identity … specifically the identity of her father, who moved to Hungary and had a sex-change operation late in his life, and with whom she reconnected. Susan Faludi is the author of Backlash: The Undeclared War Against American Women and Stiffed: The Betrayal of the American Man. In the interview she discusses transgender issues and their relationship to feminism, the history of Hungarian Jews, her own search for identity, the relationship between transgender issues and photography, and the upcoming national election. Susan Faludi website The post Susan Faludi, “In the Darkroom,” 2016 appeared first on KPFA.

This week's guest is someone Unholy listeners are quite familiar with - our very own co-host (and bestselling author) Jonathan Freedland! In this episode, Yonit gives him the tried and tested interviewee treatment as they discuss his new book, The Escape Artist, which details the all but unknown story of Rudolf Vrba. Vrba is one of only four Jews to escape Auschwitz, and is credited with publishing a detailed report on the atrocities being perpetrated behind barbed wire, a report which led to halting the deportations of Hungarian Jews, ultimately saving tens of thousands of lives. In other matters - is an Unholy episode ever complete without Israeli political drama? We continue to follow the slow-motion train wreck that is the Bennett coalition - who might not hold on to the reigns long enough to greet President Joe Biden when he arrives in Israel in less than a month. Plus, these two prime ministers have seen their fair share of courtrooms, but now they meet in the same one, head to head, and it's the best show in town.  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Learn about the Author - Hannah Senesh Hannah Senesh was born July 17, 1921 in Budapest, Hungary, The daughter of an author and a journalist, she demonstrated her own literary talent from an early age, and she kept a diary from age 13 until shortly before her death on November 7, 1944. Although her family was assimilated, anti-Semitic sentiment in Budapest led her to involvement in Zionist activities, and she left Hungary for Eretz Yisrael in 1939. She studied first at an agricultural school, and then settled at Kibbutz Sdot Yam. While there she wrote poetry, as well as a play about kibbutz life. In 1943, Senesh volunteered to become one of 33 people chosen to parachutedinto Europe to help establish contact with partisan resistance fighters in an attempt to aid beleaguered Jewish communities. On June 7, 1944, at the height of the deportation of Hungarian Jews, Senesh crossed the border into Hungary. She was caught almost immediately by the Hungarian police, and tortured cruelly and repeatedly over the next several months. Despite these conditions, Senesh refused to divulge any information about her mission. Throughout her ordeal she remained steadfast in her courage, and when she was executed by a firing squad on November 7, she refused the blindfold, staring squarely at her executors and her fate. Senesh was only 23 years old. In 1950, Senesh's remains were brought to Israel and re-interred at the military cemetery on Mount Herzl in Jerusalem. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A Walk to Caesarea by Hannah Szenes Original title הליכה לקיסריה‎ Written 1942 Language Hebrew --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/mmmentertainmentllc/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/mmmentertainmentllc/support

ADAM LEBOR chats to Paul Burke about DOHANY STREET, BALTHAZAR KOVACS, Hungary and how the world works. DOHANY STREET DISTRICT VIIIKOSSUTH SQUAREDOHANY STREET: Budapest's dark history finally catches up with Detective Balthazar Kovacs in the final instalment in Adam LeBor's Hungarian crime trilogy.Budapest, January 2016. The Danube is grey and half-frozen, covered with ice, and the city seems to have gone into hibernation. But not for Detective Balthazar Kovacs. Elad Harari, a young Israeli historian, has disappeared. There's no sign of violence but something feels very wrong.Harari was working in the archives of the city's Jewish Museum, investigating the fate of the assets of the Hungarian Jews murdered in the Holocaust. It's clear that his research is setting off alarm bells at one of the country's most powerful companies.The more Balthazar digs into the case, the more he is certain that shadowy forces are in play. Someone wants Harrari out of the picture. And the pressure is building: Budapest is preparing for a major diplomatic visit – if Harari is not found it will be cancelled.The threats against Balthazar soon turn to violence. It's clear that if he is to find the historian he will have to go face-to-face with some very dangerous people – and confront the darkest era in Hungary's past.ADAM LEBOR is the thriller critic of the Financial Times and a veteran former foreign correspondent who lived in Budapest for many years. He is the author of seven novels and eight non-fiction books, including Hitler's Secret Bankers which was shortlisted for the Orwell Prize. He is an editorial trainer and writing coach for numerous publications and organisations and also writes for the Critic and The Times. He lives in London with his family.Recommended;To The Lake Yana Vagner Produced by Junkyard DogMusic courtesy of Southgate & LeighCrime TimePaul Burke writes for Crime Time, Crime Fiction Lover, NB Magazine and the European Literature Network and edits/presents Crime Time FM.

"Selection" of Hungarian Jews on the ramp at Auschwitz II-Birkenau in German-occupied Poland

Interview with Irene Zisblatt, who was one of the participants in the film The Last Days, released in 1998, about the Holocaust in Hungary. The Yiddish Voice spoke to Irene recently (late June 2021) via Zoom. Irene was born in Polena, Czechoslovakia, which was in Hungary during WWII and is now in Ukraine. Irene survived the Holocaust, including Auschwitz, as she describes in the film and to some degree in the interview. The film The Last Days, was originally released on DVD in 1998. It was rerelease in 2021 in a restored print on Blu-Ray disk and also through Netflix. Info: Last Days (1998) on Netflix Last Days (1998) Wikipedia page From our archive: 2015 interview with Dovid Mermelstein, who died the previous day (Tuesday, July 6, 2021). The Yiddish Voice spoke to Dovid in Miami, FL, in August 2015 and aired the interview shortly thereafter. Dovid was born in Kivjazd, Czechoslovakia, which was in Hungary during WWII and is now in Ukraine. He survived the Holocaust, including Auschwitz and Ebensee. In recent decades, he was leader of the survivors in the Miami, FL, area and an internationally known activist on behalf of survivors in order to get restitution from the US government for property looted from Hungarian Jews during the war, as well as serving as a vocal critic of the Claims Conference on behalf of his fellow survivors. Info: Times of Israel article: David Mermelstein, Holocaust survivor and restitution champion, dies at 92 Miami Herald obituary (via Legacy.com): David Mermelstein 1928 - 2021 Forward article: David Mermelstein, Holocaust survivor who fought Nazi-era insurance companies, dies at 92 Music: Cookie Segelstein (violin), Pete Sokolow (piano): Hora Serba (instrumental, excerpt) Intro instrumental music: DEM HELFANDS TANTS, an instrumental track from the CD Jeff Warschauer: The Singing Waltz Air Date: June 7, 2021

On this weeks episode we travel to Spain to find out what the Holocaust looked like there. Magnifico. If you are keen to learn more then check out the inspiring story of Angel Sanz Briz who took it upon himself to save 5,000 Hungarian Jews. Contact: info@withoutthefootnotes.org Music: Feryl

Writer Deborah Feldman grew up inside the claustrophobic world of an ultra-orthodox Jewish sect in Brooklyn, and as a teenager she was married off to a man she barely knew. In her 20s she fled to Berlin to make an entirely new life

Writer Deborah Feldman grew up inside the claustrophobic world of an ultra-orthodox Jewish sect in Brooklyn, and as a teenager she was married off to a man she barely knew. In her 20s she fled to Berlin to make an entirely new life

Religious Freedom and LGBT Rights Back at the US Supreme CourtGuest: Luke Goodrich, Vice President and Senior Counsel, Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, author of “Free to Believe: The Battle Over Religious Liberty in America”The US Supreme Court heard arguments this week in what could settling a long-running dispute in America over whether using taxpayer dollars for tuition at religious schools violates the separation of church and state. Last fall, we talked about the significance of that case on the Supreme Court's docket with Luke Goodrich, Deputy General Counsel at the Becket Fund for Religious Liberty. At the time of our conversation, the Supreme Court had just heard a case that strikes at the heart of the conflict between religious freedom and LGBT rights. That's the case we talked about first. The Supreme Court has yet to issue a ruling on either. (Originally aired 10/23/19) U.S. Supreme Court Leaves Gerrymandering Prevention to the StatesGuest: Joshua Douglas, Professor of Law, University of KentuckyNew Jersey's governor just signed a bill into law this week that will make the state's district voting maps easily available online. The hope is that if the public has better access to these maps, it will discourage lawmakers from excessive gerrymandering –that's when politicians draw district boundaries to favor their own party. It's legal, but public outcry and a series of court rulings in recent years have begun to demand the lines be drawn in a less self-serving way. A series of court rulings in recent years have drawing voting maps in favor of Democrats or Republicans. (Originally aired 9/24/2019) Research Shows How Ostracism Can Lead People to Extremism Guest: Andrew Hales, postdoctoral researcher, University of VirginiaBeing excluded never feels good. It didn't feel good as a kid on the playground and, it doesn't feel good when you get left out of a lunch with coworkers or old friends. The question is, so what? Does being ostracized lead people to behave in worrisome ways? Sure, parents, teachers and bosses care about the answer. But, so do leaders of nations where whole groups of people are ostracized because of their race, religion or immigrant status. (Originally aired 9/25/2019) Holocaust Resilience: One Family's Story of Hope and Triumph Over EvilGuest: Judy Stone,  Judy Stone, MD, author of “Resilience: One Family's Story of Hope and Triumph Over Evil”Judy Stone grew up knowing any questions about the war were off-limits to her parents, aunts and uncles--all Hungarian Jews who lived through the Holocaust. It was only near the end of her mother's life, that Judy Stone began to hear the stories of suffering and survival in her family. She spent the next decade interviewing relatives and tracking down genealogical records. The result is a book called, “Resilience: One Family's Story of Hope and Triumph Over Evil.” (Originally aired 10/17/2019) How One Fungus Could Wipe Out the Banana As We Know ItGuest: Randy Ploetz, Professor of Plant Pathology, University of Florida in HomesteadMembers of the global fruit and agriculture industries met this week in Germany to come up with a plan to fight a banana crisis. A fungus has been wiping out banana plantations in Asia, Australia, and Latin America. If something doesn't change soon, the bananas we're most familiar with may eventually disappear from grocery stores. Back in the fall, the Colombian government declared a national emergency over the banana crisis. (Originally aired 9/3/2019)

1609 English explorer Henry Hudson, discovers and explores Delaware Bay. He will go on to claim it for the Dutch East India Company. 1898 Pharmacist Caleb Bradham has developed a digestion aid at his North Carolina drug store concocted with sugar, water, caramel, lemon, nutmeg, and what he terms 'rare oils.' Today he names it 'Pepsi-Cola,' a play on the word 'dyspepsia,' the ailment that the drink purports to soothe. 1937 Toyota Motor Corporation is formed. The car company was first founded in 1933 as a subsidiary of the Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd. The division was headed by Kiichiro Toyoda, the son of the Toyota founder, Sakichi Toyoda. 1941 Mass slaughter in the Ukraine. Hungarian Jews are murdered by the Gestapo in occupied Ukraine. SS General Franz Jaeckeln marched more than 23,000 Hungarian Jews to bomb craters at Kamenets Podolsk, ordered them to undress, and riddled them with machine-gun fire. 1944 German forces in Toulon and Marseilles, France, surrender to the Allies. 1963 One of the largest demonstrations in the history of the United States, the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, takes place and reaches its climax at the base of the Lincoln Memorial when Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "I have a dream" speech. The historic speech was a call to end racism in the United States and is one of the most recognizable speeches in recorded history. 2005 Hurricane Katrina reaches Category 5 strength; Louisiana Superdome is opened as a "refuge of last resort" in New Orleans.

In July 1942, the systematic murder of Dutch Jews in concentration and extermination camps began. Together with Jews from almost all other European countries, they arrived in camps that the Nazis had built, most of them in occupied Poland. Upon their arrival, most of them were selected to be killed straight away, others were designated for forced labour until they died. Almost all of the Hungarian Jews in this photo were murdered in the gas chambers immediately after their arrival.

John Dobai was born in Budapest, Hungary, in 1934. To mark Holocaust Memorial Day, John delivered a talk at The National Archives on 25 January 2019 about his personal story and the plight of Hungarian Jews.

Former IDF Chief Admits To Aiding Syrian Rebels Now-former IDF Chief of Staff Gadi Eisenkot revealed on Sunday to the ‘British Sunday Times' newspaper that Israel has indeed been supplying weapons and funding to Syrian rebel groups in the Golan Heights. Hezbollah Situation Is ‘Unacceptable' To The US As Operation Northern Shield nears completion with the discovery of the sixth and supposedly last Hezbollah terror tunnel into Israel, United States diplomats on Monday told Lebanese officials that the ongoing situation with Hezbollah is ‘unacceptable'. 3. US Begs Israel To Deeply Vet Chinese Investors Dan Catarivas, Director General for Foreign Trade & Int'l Relations, M.A.I. speaking at ILTV studio about the growing Chinese influence on the Israeli market. 4. Hamas Releases 3 Italian Civilians Held In Gaza Palestinian terror group Hamas, has finally released a group of three Italian civilians, who were held for over 24 hours after entering the Gaza Strip on Monday. Suspect In Brussels Shooting Refuses To Testify 33-year-old French national, Mehdi Nemmouche, who stands accused of shooting dead an Israeli couple and two museum workers in the Jewish museum of Brussels, on May 24, 2014, refuses to testify. Culture Minister Cannot Interfere With ‘McJesus' Deputy A-G Dina Zilber has just informed Culture Minister Miri Regev that there's nothing they can do about the controversial sculpture depicting a crucified Ronald Mcdonald at the Haifa Museum of Art. Democratic Org's Pull Support For Women's March D-N-C and the Jewish Democratic Council of America have ended their affiliations with the national Women's March organization in wake of continued allegations of anti-Semitism. 8. Fl Governor Calls For Sanctions Against Airbnb The Governor of Florida is now calling for massive sanctions against Airbnb, unless the online lodging website reverses its decision to bar listings in Jewish settlements in the West Bank. Malaysia Refuses To Host Any Event With Israelis Despite major international attention and criticisms, Malaysian Foreign Minister, Saifuddin Abdullah, reiterated Wednesday that the Malay government will not change its mind regarding the refusal to grant visas to Israeli swimmers. Israel And Japan Seek To Sign Free Trade Deal Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has just met with the Japanese Minister of Economy and Trade, Hiroshige Seko. A free trade agreement between the two countries is now being reviewed by both sides. Madonna Reportedly Mulling Eurovision Performance Madonna may be performing for the closing ceremony of Eurovision in Tel Aviv. Dive Teams Search Danube For Holocaust Victims A group of Israeli divers and victim identification experts from emergency response group Zaka, has now set off for Hungary, in order to assist in the recovery of the remains of Hungarian Jews who were murdered in the Holocaust and tossed in the Danube river. 13. Hebrew word Of The Day: SRIDIM | שרידים= REMAINS / RUINS Learn a New Hebrew word every day. Today's word is "sridim" which means "remains/ruins" See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

1Lt.-Gen. Kochavi sworn in as 22nd Chief of Staff Lt.-Gen Aviv Kochavi officially took over as the next IDF chief of staff on Tuesday morning at a ceremony at the IDF's kirya military headquarters in Tel Aviv. Kochavi replaces outgoing chief of staff Gadi Eisenkot. 2. Iranian ‘Payam' satellite fails to reach orbit Iran has just launched the Payam satellite into space, one of the two scheduled satellites set to launch.  The Payam however, did not make it into orbit.  3. Lt.-Gen. Kochavi sworn in as 22nd Chief of Staff Maj. Gen. (Ret.) Amos Yadlin, former IDF Intelligence Chief, Director of INSS speaking at ILTV studio about the IDF's new Chief of Staff. 4. PA President steps into office as head of G-77 Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas is set to take leadership of the group of 77, or G77, and China, today. 5. PMO releases plans for trips abroad in 2019 The Prime Ministers office has just announced three major trips abroad starting in the coming weeks, to Switzerland, Chad, and the United States.    6.  Polish Mayor murdered on stage at charity event Pawel Adamowicz, the Mayor of Gdansk, passed away Monday; just one day after he was stabbed on stage at a charity event. 7. Dive teams search Danube for Holocaust victims Israeli divers and victim identification experts from emergency response group Zaka, has now set off for Hungary in order to assist in the recovery of the remains of Hungarian Jews who were murdered in the holocaust and tossed in the Danube river. 8. Women's March leaders confronted on ‘The View' Women's March co-president Tamika Mallory was confronted with her ties to anti-semitic nation of Islam leader, Louis Farrakhan on 'The View'. 9. Omer Adam declines offer to perform at Eurovision Famous Israeli singer ‘Omer Adam' declined the offer to perform as the opening act for the final because he doesn't work on Shabbat. 10. New gemstone, Carmeltazite, discovered in Israel A new mineral gemstone now known as “Carmel-tazite” has just been discovered in the Israeli Carmel region. 11. IKEA announces a new branch in the Tel Aviv port IKEA is opening a branch at the Tel Aviv port. 12. Hebrew word Of The Day: MAKH-TZAV | מחצב= Ore / Mineral Learn a New Hebrew word every day. Today's word is "‘Mahtzav' meaning a mineral or ore. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Irene Weiss was a teenager when she was sent to Auschwitz in 1944. Part of a huge number of Hungarian Jews numbering close to 500,000 who were sent in 1944.

Though not a figure in the public imagination today, William Fox is a man whose legacy is visible in the numerous media enterprises that bear his name. Vanda Krefft‘s biography The Man Who Made the Movies: The Meteoric Rise and Tragic Fall of William Fox (Harper, 2017) leads readers through the remarkable arc of Fox’s life, one that took him from the slums of New York City to the glittering lights of Hollywood. The immigrant son of Hungarian Jews, Fox got his start in the entertainment industry in 1904 as an exhibitor. Enjoying success but chafing under the restrictive terms of film distributors, in 1915 he expanded into production, creating the Fox Film Corporation. As Krefft explains, Fox favored a director-centric approach to film making, working with such legendary figures as John Ford and F. W. Murnau to produce some of the greatest films of the silent era. By the late 1920s he had built a vast entertainment empire, only to lose first his fortune and then his company in the economic collapse at the end of the decade, which left him to watch as others turned his studio into 20th Century Fox, one of the big six studios in Hollywood today. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Though not a figure in the public imagination today, William Fox is a man whose legacy is visible in the numerous media enterprises that bear his name. Vanda Krefft‘s biography The Man Who Made the Movies: The Meteoric Rise and Tragic Fall of William Fox (Harper, 2017) leads readers through the remarkable arc of Fox’s life, one that took him from the slums of New York City to the glittering lights of Hollywood. The immigrant son of Hungarian Jews, Fox got his start in the entertainment industry in 1904 as an exhibitor. Enjoying success but chafing under the restrictive terms of film distributors, in 1915 he expanded into production, creating the Fox Film Corporation. As Krefft explains, Fox favored a director-centric approach to film making, working with such legendary figures as John Ford and F. W. Murnau to produce some of the greatest films of the silent era. By the late 1920s he had built a vast entertainment empire, only to lose first his fortune and then his company in the economic collapse at the end of the decade, which left him to watch as others turned his studio into 20th Century Fox, one of the big six studios in Hollywood today. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Though not a figure in the public imagination today, William Fox is a man whose legacy is visible in the numerous media enterprises that bear his name. Vanda Krefft‘s biography The Man Who Made the Movies: The Meteoric Rise and Tragic Fall of William Fox (Harper, 2017) leads readers through the remarkable arc of Fox’s life, one that took him from the slums of New York City to the glittering lights of Hollywood. The immigrant son of Hungarian Jews, Fox got his start in the entertainment industry in 1904 as an exhibitor. Enjoying success but chafing under the restrictive terms of film distributors, in 1915 he expanded into production, creating the Fox Film Corporation. As Krefft explains, Fox favored a director-centric approach to film making, working with such legendary figures as John Ford and F. W. Murnau to produce some of the greatest films of the silent era. By the late 1920s he had built a vast entertainment empire, only to lose first his fortune and then his company in the economic collapse at the end of the decade, which left him to watch as others turned his studio into 20th Century Fox, one of the big six studios in Hollywood today. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Though not a figure in the public imagination today, William Fox is a man whose legacy is visible in the numerous media enterprises that bear his name. Vanda Krefft‘s biography The Man Who Made the Movies: The Meteoric Rise and Tragic Fall of William Fox (Harper, 2017) leads readers through the remarkable arc of Fox’s life, one that took him from the slums of New York City to the glittering lights of Hollywood. The immigrant son of Hungarian Jews, Fox got his start in the entertainment industry in 1904 as an exhibitor. Enjoying success but chafing under the restrictive terms of film distributors, in 1915 he expanded into production, creating the Fox Film Corporation. As Krefft explains, Fox favored a director-centric approach to film making, working with such legendary figures as John Ford and F. W. Murnau to produce some of the greatest films of the silent era. By the late 1920s he had built a vast entertainment empire, only to lose first his fortune and then his company in the economic collapse at the end of the decade, which left him to watch as others turned his studio into 20th Century Fox, one of the big six studios in Hollywood today. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Though not a figure in the public imagination today, William Fox is a man whose legacy is visible in the numerous media enterprises that bear his name. Vanda Krefft‘s biography The Man Who Made the Movies: The Meteoric Rise and Tragic Fall of William Fox (Harper, 2017) leads readers through the remarkable arc of Fox’s life, one that took him from the slums of New York City to the glittering lights of Hollywood. The immigrant son of Hungarian Jews, Fox got his start in the entertainment industry in 1904 as an exhibitor. Enjoying success but chafing under the restrictive terms of film distributors, in 1915 he expanded into production, creating the Fox Film Corporation. As Krefft explains, Fox favored a director-centric approach to film making, working with such legendary figures as John Ford and F. W. Murnau to produce some of the greatest films of the silent era. By the late 1920s he had built a vast entertainment empire, only to lose first his fortune and then his company in the economic collapse at the end of the decade, which left him to watch as others turned his studio into 20th Century Fox, one of the big six studios in Hollywood today. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

How tens of thousands of Hungarian Jews escaped the Nazis by using false papers; what happened when abortion became illegal overnight in 1960s Romania; the murder of campaigning Nigerian journalist Dele Giwa; the creation of British satire magazine Private Eye; and the love affair between writers Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir. Photo: False Hungarian ID document (BBC)

Soon after Hitler ordered the invasion of Hungary in March 1944, the Nazis began rounding up hundreds of thousands of Hungarian Jews. Most were immediately sent to their deaths in the concentration camps at Auschwitz-Birkenau. David Gur was a member of the Jewish Hungarian underground, who helped produce tens of thousands of forged identification documents. These allowed Jews to hide their true identities and escape deportation to the death camps. Now 91 years old, David has been telling Mike Lanchin about his part in one of the largest rescue operations organised by Jews during the Holocaust.Photo: False Hungarian ID document (BBC)

Soon after Hitler ordered the invasion of Hungary in March 1944, the Nazis began rounding up hundreds of thousands of Hungarian Jews. Most were immediately sent to their deaths in the concentration camps at Auschwitz-Birkenau. David Gur was a member of the Jewish Hungarian underground, who helped produce tens of thousands of forged identification documents. These allowed Jews to hide their true identities and escape deportation to the death camps. Now 91 years old, David has been telling Mike Lanchin about his part in one of the largest rescue operations organised by Jews during the Holocaust. Photo: False Hungarian ID document (BBC)

Soon after Hitler ordered the invasion of Hungary in March 1944, the Nazis began rounding up hundreds of thousands of Hungarian Jews. Most were immediately sent to their deaths in the concentration camps at Auschwitz-Birkenau. David Gur was a member of the Jewish Hungarian underground, who helped produce tens of thousands of forged identification documents. These allowed Jews to hide their true identities and escape deportation to the death camps. Now 91 years old, David has been telling Mike Lanchin about his part in one of the largest rescue operations organised by Jews during the Holocaust. Photo: False Hungarian ID document (BBC)

For non-specialists, the Holocaust in Hungary is a history both familiar and murky. Many Americans have read memoirs like Elie Wiesel’s Night and Judith Magyar Isaacson’s Seeds of Sarah in high school or college and have some sense of their experience. But the actual history of Hungary and the Holocaust remains opaque. Ferenc Laczo aims to change this. Laczo, an associate professor of history at Maastricht University, has produced a fascinating examination of a series of dialogues unfamiliar to most historians. His new book Hungarian Jews in the Age of Genocide: An Intellectual History (Brill, 2016) examines the Jewish community in Hungary and how their ideas of themselves and their place in Hungary changed during the war. He begins in the 1930s, with Jewish thinkers wrestling with traditional questions of identity and inclusion in the context of authoritarian government in Hungary and the rise of the Nazis in Germany. He then moves to a close reading of memories of the Holocaust in Hungary, taking advantage of sources unknown or unusable by scholars without Magyar. He concludes with a fascinating explanation of attempts in 1946 and 1947 by Jewish survivors in Hungary to explain and understand what they had just witnessed and experienced. The latter chapter alone offers a new perspective on immediate responses to the Holocaust. This book alone won’t satisfy your desire for a thorough understanding of Hungary and the Holocaust. For that, you’ll need to read the works of Randolph Braham, Tim Cole, Zoltan Vagi, Laszlo Csosz and others. But you’ll almost certainly understand the experience the efforts of Jewish thinkers to understand their own lives much better than you did before you read the book. Kelly McFall is Associate Professor of History at Newman University in Wichita Kansas, where he directs the Honors Program. He is particularly interested in the question of how to teach about the history of genocides and mass atrocities and has written a module in the Reacting to the Past series about the UNs debate over whether to intervene in Rwanda in 1994.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

For non-specialists, the Holocaust in Hungary is a history both familiar and murky. Many Americans have read memoirs like Elie Wiesel’s Night and Judith Magyar Isaacson’s Seeds of Sarah in high school or college and have some sense of their experience. But the actual history of Hungary and the Holocaust remains opaque. Ferenc Laczo aims to change this. Laczo, an associate professor of history at Maastricht University, has produced a fascinating examination of a series of dialogues unfamiliar to most historians. His new book Hungarian Jews in the Age of Genocide: An Intellectual History (Brill, 2016) examines the Jewish community in Hungary and how their ideas of themselves and their place in Hungary changed during the war. He begins in the 1930s, with Jewish thinkers wrestling with traditional questions of identity and inclusion in the context of authoritarian government in Hungary and the rise of the Nazis in Germany. He then moves to a close reading of memories of the Holocaust in Hungary, taking advantage of sources unknown or unusable by scholars without Magyar. He concludes with a fascinating explanation of attempts in 1946 and 1947 by Jewish survivors in Hungary to explain and understand what they had just witnessed and experienced. The latter chapter alone offers a new perspective on immediate responses to the Holocaust. This book alone won’t satisfy your desire for a thorough understanding of Hungary and the Holocaust. For that, you’ll need to read the works of Randolph Braham, Tim Cole, Zoltan Vagi, Laszlo Csosz and others. But you’ll almost certainly understand the experience the efforts of Jewish thinkers to understand their own lives much better than you did before you read the book. Kelly McFall is Associate Professor of History at Newman University in Wichita Kansas, where he directs the Honors Program. He is particularly interested in the question of how to teach about the history of genocides and mass atrocities and has written a module in the Reacting to the Past series about the UNs debate over whether to intervene in Rwanda in 1994.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

For non-specialists, the Holocaust in Hungary is a history both familiar and murky. Many Americans have read memoirs like Elie Wiesel’s Night and Judith Magyar Isaacson’s Seeds of Sarah in high school or college and have some sense of their experience. But the actual history of Hungary and the Holocaust remains opaque. Ferenc Laczo aims to change this. Laczo, an associate professor of history at Maastricht University, has produced a fascinating examination of a series of dialogues unfamiliar to most historians. His new book Hungarian Jews in the Age of Genocide: An Intellectual History (Brill, 2016) examines the Jewish community in Hungary and how their ideas of themselves and their place in Hungary changed during the war. He begins in the 1930s, with Jewish thinkers wrestling with traditional questions of identity and inclusion in the context of authoritarian government in Hungary and the rise of the Nazis in Germany. He then moves to a close reading of memories of the Holocaust in Hungary, taking advantage of sources unknown or unusable by scholars without Magyar. He concludes with a fascinating explanation of attempts in 1946 and 1947 by Jewish survivors in Hungary to explain and understand what they had just witnessed and experienced. The latter chapter alone offers a new perspective on immediate responses to the Holocaust. This book alone won’t satisfy your desire for a thorough understanding of Hungary and the Holocaust. For that, you’ll need to read the works of Randolph Braham, Tim Cole, Zoltan Vagi, Laszlo Csosz and others. But you’ll almost certainly understand the experience the efforts of Jewish thinkers to understand their own lives much better than you did before you read the book. Kelly McFall is Associate Professor of History at Newman University in Wichita Kansas, where he directs the Honors Program. He is particularly interested in the question of how to teach about the history of genocides and mass atrocities and has written a module in the Reacting to the Past series about the UNs debate over whether to intervene in Rwanda in 1994.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

For non-specialists, the Holocaust in Hungary is a history both familiar and murky. Many Americans have read memoirs like Elie Wiesel’s Night and Judith Magyar Isaacson’s Seeds of Sarah in high school or college and have some sense of their experience. But the actual history of Hungary and the Holocaust remains opaque. Ferenc Laczo aims to change this. Laczo, an associate professor of history at Maastricht University, has produced a fascinating examination of a series of dialogues unfamiliar to most historians. His new book Hungarian Jews in the Age of Genocide: An Intellectual History (Brill, 2016) examines the Jewish community in Hungary and how their ideas of themselves and their place in Hungary changed during the war. He begins in the 1930s, with Jewish thinkers wrestling with traditional questions of identity and inclusion in the context of authoritarian government in Hungary and the rise of the Nazis in Germany. He then moves to a close reading of memories of the Holocaust in Hungary, taking advantage of sources unknown or unusable by scholars without Magyar. He concludes with a fascinating explanation of attempts in 1946 and 1947 by Jewish survivors in Hungary to explain and understand what they had just witnessed and experienced. The latter chapter alone offers a new perspective on immediate responses to the Holocaust. This book alone won’t satisfy your desire for a thorough understanding of Hungary and the Holocaust. For that, you’ll need to read the works of Randolph Braham, Tim Cole, Zoltan Vagi, Laszlo Csosz and others. But you’ll almost certainly understand the experience the efforts of Jewish thinkers to understand their own lives much better than you did before you read the book. Kelly McFall is Associate Professor of History at Newman University in Wichita Kansas, where he directs the Honors Program. He is particularly interested in the question of how to teach about the history of genocides and mass atrocities and has written a module in the Reacting to the Past series about the UNs debate over whether to intervene in Rwanda in 1994.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

For non-specialists, the Holocaust in Hungary is a history both familiar and murky. Many Americans have read memoirs like Elie Wiesel’s Night and Judith Magyar Isaacson’s Seeds of Sarah in high school or college and have some sense of their experience. But the actual history of Hungary and the Holocaust remains opaque. Ferenc Laczo aims to change this. Laczo, an associate professor of history at Maastricht University, has produced a fascinating examination of a series of dialogues unfamiliar to most historians. His new book Hungarian Jews in the Age of Genocide: An Intellectual History (Brill, 2016) examines the Jewish community in Hungary and how their ideas of themselves and their place in Hungary changed during the war. He begins in the 1930s, with Jewish thinkers wrestling with traditional questions of identity and inclusion in the context of authoritarian government in Hungary and the rise of the Nazis in Germany. He then moves to a close reading of memories of the Holocaust in Hungary, taking advantage of sources unknown or unusable by scholars without Magyar. He concludes with a fascinating explanation of attempts in 1946 and 1947 by Jewish survivors in Hungary to explain and understand what they had just witnessed and experienced. The latter chapter alone offers a new perspective on immediate responses to the Holocaust. This book alone won’t satisfy your desire for a thorough understanding of Hungary and the Holocaust. For that, you’ll need to read the works of Randolph Braham, Tim Cole, Zoltan Vagi, Laszlo Csosz and others. But you’ll almost certainly understand the experience the efforts of Jewish thinkers to understand their own lives much better than you did before you read the book. Kelly McFall is Associate Professor of History at Newman University in Wichita Kansas, where he directs the Honors Program. He is particularly interested in the question of how to teach about the history of genocides and mass atrocities and has written a module in the Reacting to the Past series about the UNs debate over whether to intervene in Rwanda in 1994.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

For non-specialists, the Holocaust in Hungary is a history both familiar and murky. Many Americans have read memoirs like Elie Wiesel’s Night and Judith Magyar Isaacson’s Seeds of Sarah in high school or college and have some sense of their experience. But the actual history of Hungary and the Holocaust remains opaque. Ferenc Laczo aims to change this. Laczo, an associate professor of history at Maastricht University, has produced a fascinating examination of a series of dialogues unfamiliar to most historians. His new book Hungarian Jews in the Age of Genocide: An Intellectual History (Brill, 2016) examines the Jewish community in Hungary and how their ideas of themselves and their place in Hungary changed during the war. He begins in the 1930s, with Jewish thinkers wrestling with traditional questions of identity and inclusion in the context of authoritarian government in Hungary and the rise of the Nazis in Germany. He then moves to a close reading of memories of the Holocaust in Hungary, taking advantage of sources unknown or unusable by scholars without Magyar. He concludes with a fascinating explanation of attempts in 1946 and 1947 by Jewish survivors in Hungary to explain and understand what they had just witnessed and experienced. The latter chapter alone offers a new perspective on immediate responses to the Holocaust. This book alone won’t satisfy your desire for a thorough understanding of Hungary and the Holocaust. For that, you’ll need to read the works of Randolph Braham, Tim Cole, Zoltan Vagi, Laszlo Csosz and others. But you’ll almost certainly understand the experience the efforts of Jewish thinkers to understand their own lives much better than you did before you read the book. Kelly McFall is Associate Professor of History at Newman University in Wichita Kansas, where he directs the Honors Program. He is particularly interested in the question of how to teach about the history of genocides and mass atrocities and has written a module in the Reacting to the Past series about the UNs debate over whether to intervene in Rwanda in 1994.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

For non-specialists, the Holocaust in Hungary is a history both familiar and murky. Many Americans have read memoirs like Elie Wiesel's Night and Judith Magyar Isaacson's Seeds of Sarah in high school or college and have some sense of their experience. But the actual history of Hungary and the Holocaust remains opaque. Ferenc Laczo aims to change this. Laczo, an associate professor of history at Maastricht University, has produced a fascinating examination of a series of dialogues unfamiliar to most historians. His new book Hungarian Jews in the Age of Genocide: An Intellectual History (Brill, 2016) examines the Jewish community in Hungary and how their ideas of themselves and their place in Hungary changed during the war. He begins in the 1930s, with Jewish thinkers wrestling with traditional questions of identity and inclusion in the context of authoritarian government in Hungary and the rise of the Nazis in Germany. He then moves to a close reading of memories of the Holocaust in Hungary, taking advantage of sources unknown or unusable by scholars without Magyar. He concludes with a fascinating explanation of attempts in 1946 and 1947 by Jewish survivors in Hungary to explain and understand what they had just witnessed and experienced. The latter chapter alone offers a new perspective on immediate responses to the Holocaust. This book alone won't satisfy your desire for a thorough understanding of Hungary and the Holocaust. For that, you'll need to read the works of Randolph Braham, Tim Cole, Zoltan Vagi, Laszlo Csosz and others. But you'll almost certainly understand the experience the efforts of Jewish thinkers to understand their own lives much better than you did before you read the book. Kelly McFall is Associate Professor of History at Newman University in Wichita Kansas, where he directs the Honors Program. He is particularly interested in the question of how to teach about the history of genocides and mass atrocities and has written a module in the Reacting to the Past series about the UNs debate over whether to intervene in Rwanda in 1994.  

Susan Faludi talks with host Richard Wolinsky about her latest book, In The Darkroom, which is about a search for identity … specifically the identity of her father, who moved to Hungary and had a sex-change operation late in his life, and with whom she reconnected. Susan Faludi is the author of Backlash: The Undeclared War Against American Women and Stiffed: The Betrayal of the American Man. In the interview she discusses transgender issues and their relationship to feminism, the history of Hungarian Jews, her own search for identity, the relationship between transgender issues and photography, and the upcoming national election. A shorter version of this aired on Bookwaves on KPFA. Susan Faludi website The post Susan Faludi appeared first on KPFA.

Near the “Places of Ha’Shoah” images is another grouping titled “Fragments of the Budapest Ghetto.” These scenes are from an old Jewish section of Pest, Hungary, a district of 19th century buildings near the Danube River. Here the Nazis established a large ghetto in June 1944, several months after occupying Hungary and deporting virtually every Jew living in the provinces. Budapest’s 220,000 Jews were forced into 2,000 houses marked with a yellow star. In October, Hungarian Fascists began their program of anti-Jewish violence, even as Soviet troops approached the city. In November, thousands of Jews were shot and thrown into the Danube and preparations were made for massive deportation of those remaining. The Soviets occupied Budapest on Jan. 18, 1945, and an estimated 120,000 Jews were saved. Dominating the Jewish section is the Moorish-style Dohany Street Synagogue, a huge, ornate, twin-towered structure inaugurated in 1859 by the city’s Neolog (Reform) congregation. The largest active synagogue in Europe, it seats 3,000 and has undergone a full restoration that was completed in 2009. During the war, the church was fenced off and used as a concentration camp for Jews massed prior to deportation. In the arcade courtyard are individual and mass graves of thousands of Budapest’s ghetto victims. Another courtyard contains a memorial to Hungarian Holocaust victims, a weeping willow tree created in granite and steel, by Hungarian sculptor Irma Varga. On nearby Sip Street are found the offices of the Central Board of Hungarian Jews, the Budapest Jewish Community, the World Jewish Congress and the American Joint Distribution Committee. The immediate neighborhood offers an Orthodox Mikvah, kosher restaurants, grocers and wine shops, Jewish gift shops and three Jewish schools.

Holocaust Survivor Series: Mr. Harel’s Story In early 1944, Mr. Harel’s family, along with all Hungarian Jews in Nagy Banya, the city he was in, were moved to a Jewish ghetto and then to Auschwitz, the extermination camp in Poland. This is where Mr. Harel was separated from his parents. First he was sent to Mauthausen, a concentration camp in Austria, and then to Ebensee another concentration camp. CHECK OUT: 1.) The Interview Girl FOUNDATION: http://InterviewGirl.org/ 2.) Interview Girl On YOUTUBE: https://www.youtube.com/user/MsToriStory 3.) Victoria's New BOOK: http://www.amazon.com/Because-Medicine-Ran-Out-InterviewGirl-com/dp/0692297138/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1438041469&sr=1-1&keywords=because+the+medicine+ran+out 4.) DOCUMENTARY Film About WWII Coming Soon: http://chasingtime.us/ The Interview Girl Foundation is a non-profit organization dedicated to serving others and making a difference in this world by eliminating miseries that others experience. Stories, advice, interviews, and content are shared for the purpose of helping others (eliminating misery). Every project completed helps a different cause. People throughout the world experience various miseries and each product produced at the Interview Girl Foundation aids someone who is experiencing misery. The Interview Girl Foundation is a DO-GOOD organization that uses STORIES to achieve SOCIAL GOOD. http://InterviewGirl.org/

Anna Porters book, Katzner's Train, tells the true story of Rezso Kasztner. In summer 1944, Rezso Kasztner met with Adolf Eichmann, architect of the Holocaust, in Budapest. With the Final Solution at its terrible apex and tens of thousands of Hungarian Jews being sent to Auschwitz every month, the two men agreed to allow 1,684 Jews to leave for Switzerland by train. In other maneuverings Kasztner may have saved another 40,000 Jews already in the camps. Kasztner was later judged for having "sold his soul to the devil." Prior to being exonerated, he was murdered in Israel in 1957. Part political thriller, part love story and part legal drama, Porter's account explores the nature of Kasztner--the hero, the cool politician, the proud Zionist, the romantic lover, the man who believed that promises, even to diehard Nazis, had to be kept.