Podcasts about isotonic

Pour ne pas avoir de fringale durant une course, il faut penser à se nourrir ! C'est le thème du jour, à l'approche du marathon de Paris. Quand prendre sa collation durant la course ? Doit-on en prendre dès les entrainements pour s'y habituer ? Quelles erreurs sont à éviter ? Benoit Boutron, Yohan Durand et notre invité Victor Lelièvre, responsable de notre partenaire TA Energy vous éclairent sur les différentes façons de s'alimenter : gels, gommes, électrolytes, Isotonic... Nous prendrons également des nouvelles de nos 5 gagnants du super package. Mariette, Lucie et Hélène reviennent sur leur forme, leur programme et et leur motivation... Sans oublier les réponses de Yohan à vos questions, que vous pouvez nous poser sur notre page Youtube "RMC Running", ou notre Instagram "rmc.running" !

Not all gels are created equal! Some are definitely better than others but it also comes down to your personal preference on flavour, texture, cost and how gels fit into your overall race nutrition plan. In this episode I talk you through triathlon nutrition gels: What to look for when buying gels Can they be mixed with water? And what does Isotonic mean? Do gels need to be consumed all at once? Why do gels upset some athletes stomachs? Plus two suggestions on how to fix this How much do you need during endurance events? Alternatives to gels all together! Sports gels are a big minefield of information with new products coming on the market all the time. But I'm hoping this episode fast tracks your research when it comes to finding what's best for you.If you're looking for more real food options to have during exercise, check out our Fuel Your Adventure recipe book here | Fuel Your Adventure LINKS: Get a copy of our Fuel Your Adventure Book HERE Website: www.dietitianapproved.com Join the Triathlon Nutrition Academy Program: dietitianapproved.com/academy Instagram: @Dietitian.Approved @triathlonnutritionacademy Facebook: facebook.com/DietitianApproved The Triathlon Nutrition Academy is a podcast by Dietitian Approved Support the show   Dietitian Approved acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the Land we have recorded this podcast on, The Turrbal and Jagera peoples. We pay our respects to their elders past and present and extend that respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Enter code PODCAST7 for 7-Day Access to the PHT membership https://app.runsmarter.online/access/phtmembership This episode covers a practical strategy for using isometrics your your proximal hamstring tendinopathy rehab. Including:What Are Isometrics? Explanation of isometric exercises compared to isotonic exercises? Examples of isometrics in rehabilitation, particularly for Posterior Hamstring Tendinopathy (PHT).Isotonic vs. Isometric Exercises: Description and examples of isotonic exercises and their isometric counterparts. Detailed examples: glute bridges (both double leg and single leg variations), long lever bridges, and isometric variations of these exercises.Diagnostic Use of Isometric ExercisesBenefits of Isometrics for Tendons:Research insights on the positive impact of isometrics on tendons, particularly in avoiding muscle and tendon fatigue.Primary Reasons for Using Isometrics: Two main reasons for incorporating isometrics in rehab: as a baseline exercise for deconditioned or sensitive injuries and for their analgesic (pain-relieving) effects.Tailoring Isometrics to Individual Needs:Emphasis on customizing isometric exercises based on the individual's pain levels and rehab stage.Book a free 20-min physio chat hereClick here to learn more about the PHT video course & to receive your 50% discountIf you would like to learn more about having Brodie on your rehab team go to www.runsmarter.online

OutlineChapter 14- Hypovolemic States- Etiology - True volume depletion occurs when fluid is lost from from the extracellular fluid at a rate exceeding intake - Can come the GI tract - Lungs - Urine - Sequestration in the body in a “third space” that is not in equilibrium with the extracellular fluid. - When losses occur two responses ameliorate them - Our intake of Na and fluid is way above basal needs - This is not the case with anorexia or vomiting - The kidney responds by minimizing further urinary losses - This adaptive response is why diuretics do not cause progressive volume depletion - Initial volume loss stimulates RAAS, and possibly other compensatory mechanisms, resulting increased proximal and collecting tubule Na reabsorption. - This balances the diuretic effect resulting in a new steady state in 1-2weeks - New steady state means Na in = Na out - GI Losses - Stomach, pancreas, GB, and intestines secretes 3-6 liters a day. - Almost all is reabsorbed with only loss of 100-200 ml in stool a day - Volume depletion can result from surgical drainage or failure of reabsorption - Acid base disturbances with GI losses - Stomach losses cause metabolic alkalosis - Intestinal, pancreatic and biliary secretions are alkalotic so losing them causes metabolic acidosis - Fistulas, laxative abuse, diarrhea, ostomies, tube drainage - High content of potassium so associated with hypokalemia - [This is a mistake for stomach losses] - Bleeding from the GI tract can also cause volume depletion - No electrolyte disorders from this unless lactic acidosis - Renal losses - 130-180 liters filtered every day - 98-99% reabsorbed - Urine output of 1-2 liters - A small 1-2% decrease in reabsorption can lead to 2-4 liter increase in Na and Water excretion - 4 liters of urine output is the goal of therapeutic diuresis which means a reduction of fluid reabsorption of only 2% - Diuretics - Osmotic diuretics - Severe hyperglycemia can contribute to a fluid deficit of 8-10 Iiters - CKD with GFR < 25 are poor Na conservers - Obligate sodium losses of 10 to 40 mEq/day - Normal people can reduce obligate Na losses down to 5 mEq/day - Usually not a problem because most people eat way more than 10-40 mEq of Na a day. - Salt wasting nephropathies - Water losses of 2 liters a day - 100 mEq of Na a day - Tubular and interstitial diseases - Medullary cystic kidney - Mechanism - Increased urea can be an osmotic diuretic - Damage to tubular epithelium can make it aldo resistant - Inability to shut off natriuretic hormone (ANP?) - The decreased nephro number means they need to be able to decrease sodium reabsorption per nephron. This may not be able to be shut down acutely. - Experiment, salt wasters can stay in balance if sodium intake is slowly decreased. (Think weeks) - Talks about post obstruction diuresis - Says it is usually appropriate rather than inappropriate physiology. - Usually catch up solute and water clearance after releasing obstruction - Recommends 50-75/hr of half normal saline - Talks briefly about DI - Skin and respiratory losses - 700-1000 ml of water lost daily by evaporation, insensible losses (not sweat) - Can rise to 1-2 liters per hour in dry hot climate - 30-50 mEq/L Na - Thirst is primary compensation for this - Sweat sodium losses can result in hypovolemia - Burns and exudative skin losses changes the nature of fluid losses resulting in fluid losses more similar to plasma with a variable amount of protein - Bronchorrhea - Sequestration into a third space - Volume Deficiency produced by the loss of interstitial and intravascular fluid into a third space that is not in equilibrium with the extracellular fluid. - Hip fracture 1500-2000 into tissues adjacent to fxr - Intestinal obstruction, severe pancreatitis, crush injury, bleeding, peritonitis, obstruction of a major venous system - Difference between 3rd space and cirrhosis ascities - Rate of accumulation, if the rate is slow enough there is time for renal sodium and water compensation to maintain balance. - So cirrhotics get edema from salt retension and do not act as hypovolemia - Hemodynamic response to volume depletion - Initial volume deficit reduced venous return to heart - Detected by cardiopulmonary receptors in atria and pulmonary veins leading to sympathetic vasoconstriction in skin and skeletal muscle. - More marked depletion will result in decreased cardiac output and decrease in BP - This drop in BP is now detected by carotid and aortic arch baroreceptors resulting in splanchnic and renal circulation vasoconstriction - This maintains cardiac and cerebral circulation - Returns BP toward normal - Increase in BP due to increased venous return - Increased cardiac contractility and heart rate - Increased vascular resistance - Sympathetic tone - Renin leading to Ang2 - These can compensate for 500 ml of blood loss (10%) - Unless there is autonomic dysfunction - With 16-25% loss this will not compensate for BP when patient upright - Postural dizziness - Symptoms - Three sets of symptoms can occur in hypovolemic patients - Those related to the manner in which the fluid loss occurs - Vomiting - Diarrhea - Polyuria - Those due to volume depletion - Those due to the electrode and acid base disorders that can accompany volume depletion - The symptoms of volume depletion are primarily related to the decrease in tissue perfusion - Early symptoms - Lassitude - Fatiguability - Thirst - Muscle cramps - Postural dizziness - As it gets more severe - Abdominal pain - Chest pain - Lethargy - Confusion - Symptomatic hypovolemia is most common with isosmotic Na and water depletion - In contrast pure water loss, causes hypernatremia, which results in movement of water from the intracellular compartment to the extracellular compartment, so that 2/3s of volume loss comes from the intracellular compartment, which minimizes the decrease in perfusion - Electrolyte disorders and symptoms - Muscle weakness from hypokalemia - Polyuria/poly dips is from hyperglycemia and hypokalemia - Lethargy, confusion, Seizures, coma from hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hyperglycemia - Extreme salt craving is unique to adrenal insufficiency - Eating salt off hands ref 18 - Evaluation of the hypovolemic patient - Know that if the losses are insensible then the sodium should rise - Volume depletion refers to extracellular volume depletion of any cause, while dehydration refers to the presence of hypernatremia due to pure water loss. Such patients are also hypovolemic. - Physical exam is insensitive and nonspecific - Finding most sensitive and specific finding for bleeding is postural changes in blood pressure - I don't find this very specific at all! - Recommends laboratory confirmation regardless of physical exam - Skin and mucous membranes - Should return too shape quickly - Elastic property is called Turgur - Not reliable is patients older than 55 to 60 - Dry axilla - Dry mucus membranes - Dark skin in Addison's disease Frim increased ACTH - Arterial BP - As volume goes down so does arterial BP - Marked fluid loss leads to quiet korotkoff signs - Interpret BP in terms of the patients “normal BP” - Venous pressure - Best done by looking at the JVP - Right atrial and left atrial pressure - LV EDP is RAP + 5 mmHg - Be careful if valvular disease, right heart failure, cor pulmonare, - Figure 14-2 - Shock - 30% blood loss - Lab Data - Urine Na concentration - Should be less than 25 mmol/L, can go as low as 1 mmol/L - Metabolic alkalosis can throw this off - Look to the urine chloride - Figure 14-3 - Renal artery stenosis can throw this off - FENa - Mentions that it doesn't work so well at high GFR - Urine osmolality - Indicates ADH - Volume depletion often associated with urine osm > 450 - Impaired by - Renal disease - Osmotic diuretic - Diuretics - DI - Mentions that severe volume depletion and hypokalemia impairs urea retension in renal medulla - Points out that isotonic urine does not rule out hypovolemia - Mentions specific gravity - BUN and Cr concentration - Normal ratio is 10:1 - Volume depletion this goes to 20:1 - Serum Na - Talks about diarrhea - Difference between secretory diarrhea which is isotonic and just causes hypovolemia - And osmotic which results in a lower electrolyte content and development of hypernatremia - Talks about hyperglycemia - Also can cause the sodium to rise from the low electrolyte content of the urine - But the pseudohyponatraemia can protect against this - Plasma potassium - Treatment - Both oral and IV treatment can be used for volume replacement - The goal of therapy are to restore normovolemia - And to correct associated acid-base and electrolyte disorders - Oral Therapy - Usually can be accomplished with increased water and dietary sodium - May use salt tablets - Glucose often added to resuscitation fluids - Provides calories - Promotes intestinal Na reabsorption since there is coupled Na and Glucose similar to that seen in the proximal tubule - Rice based solutions provide more calories and amino acids which also promote sodium reabsorption - 80g/L of glucose with rice vs 20 g/L with glucose alone - IV therapy - Dextrose solutions - Physiologically equivalent to water - For correcting hypernatremia - For covering insensible losses - Watch for hyperglycemia - Footnote warns against giving sterile water - Saline solutions - Most hypovolemic patients have a water and a sodium deficit - Isotonic saline has a Na concentration of 154, similar to that of plasma see page 000 - Half-isotonic saline is equivalent to 550 ml of isotonic saline and 500 of free water. Is that a typo? - 3% is a liter of hypertonic saline and 359 extra mEq of Na - Dextrose in saline solutions - Give a small amount of calories, otherwise useless - Alkalinizing solutions - 7.5% NaHCO3 in 50 ml ampules 44 mEq of Na and 44 mEq of HCO3 - Treat metabolic acidosis or hyperkalemia - Why 44 mEq and not 50? - Do not give with calcium will form insoluble CaCO3 - Polyionic solutions - Ringers contains physiologic K and Ca - Lactated Ringers adds 28 mEq of lactate - Spreads myth of LR in lactic acidosis - Potassium chloride - Available as 2 mEq/mL - Do not give as a bolus as it can cause fatal hyperkalemia - Plasma volume expanders - Albumin, polygelastins, hetastarch are restricted to vascular space - 25% albumin can pull fluid into the vascular space - 25% albumin is an albumin concentration of 25 g/dL compare to physiologic 4 g/dL - Says it pulls in several times its own volume - 5% albumin is like giving plasma - Blood - Which fluid? - Look at osmolality, give hypotonic fluids to people with high osmolality - Must include all electrolytes - Example of adding 77 mEw of K to 0.45 NS and making it isotonic - DI can be replaced with dextrose solutions, pure water deficit - Case 14-3 - Diarrhea with metabolic acidosis - He chooses 0.25 NS with 44 mEq of NaCl and 44 NaHCO3 - Talks about blood and trauma - Some studies advocate delaying saline until penetrating trauma is corrected APR about to. Keep BP low to prevent bleeding. Worry about diluting coagulation factors - Only do this if the OR is quickly available - Volume deficit - Provides formula for water deficit and sodium deficit - Do not work for isotonic losses - Provides a table to adjust fluid loss based on changes in Hgb or HCTZ - Says difficult to estimate it from lab findings and calculations - Follow serial exams - Serial urine Na - Rate of replacement - Goal is not to give fluid but to induce a positive balance - Suggests 50-100 ml/hr over what is coming out of the body - Urine - Insensibles 30-50 - Diarrhea - Tubes - Hypovolemic shock - Due to bleeding - Sequesting in third space - Why shock? - Progressive volume depletion leads to - Increased sympathetic NS - Increased Ang 2 - Initially this maintains BP, cerebral and coronary circulation - But this can decrease splanchnic, renal and mucocutaneous perfusion - This leads to lactic acicosis - This can result in intracellular contents moving into circulation or translocation of gut bacteria - Early therapy to prevent irreversible shock - In dogs need to treat with in 2 hours - In humans may need more than 4 hours - Irreversible shock associated with pooling of blood in capillaries - Vasomotor paralysis - Hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle as depletion of ATP allows K to flowing out from K channels opening. Ca flows out too leading to vasodilation - Glyburide is an K-ATP channel inhibitor (?) caused increased vasoconstriction and BP - Pluggin of capillaries by neutrophils - Cerebral ischemia - Increased NO generation - Which Fluids? - Think of what is lost and replace that. - Bleeding think blood - Raise the hct but not above 35 - Acellular blood substitutes, looked bad at the time of this writing - Di aspirin cross linked hemoglobin had increased 2 and 28 day mortality vs saline - Colloids sound great but they fail in RCTs - SAFE - FEAST - Points out that saline replaces the interstitial losses why do we think those losses are unimportant - Pulmonary circulation issue - Pulmonary circulation is more leaky so oncotic pressure less effective there - Talks about the lungs be naturally protected from pulmonary edema - Rate of fluid - 1-2 liters in first hour - Suggests CVP or capillary wedge pressure during resuscitation - No refs in the rate of fluid administration section - Lactic acidosis - Points out that HCO can impair lactate utilization - Also states that arterial pH does not point out what is happening at the tissue level. Suggests mixed-venous sample.ReferencesJCI - Phenotypic and pharmacogenetic evaluation of patients with thiazide-induced hyponatremia and a nice review of this topic: Altered Prostaglandin Signaling as a Cause of Thiazide-Induced HyponatremiaThe electrolyte concentration of human gastric secretion. https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/expphysiol.1960.sp001428A classic by Danovitch and Bricker: Reversibility of the “Salt-Losing” Tendency of Chronic Renal Failure | NEJMOsmotic Diuresis Due to Retained Urea after Release of Obstructive Uropathy | NEJMIs This Patient Hypovolemic? | Cardiology | JAMAAnd by the same author, a textbook: Steven McGee. 5th edition. Evidence-Based Physical Diagnosis Elsevier Philadelphia 2022. ISBN-13: 978-0323754835The clinical course and pathophysiological investigation of adolescent gestational diabetes insipidus: a case report | BMC Endocrine DisordersSensitivity and specificity of clinical signs for assessment of dehydration in endurance athletes | British Journal of Sports MedicineDiagnostic performance of serum blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio for distinguishing prerenal from intrinsic acute kidney injury in the emergency department | BMC NephrologyThe meaning of the blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio in acute kidney injury - PMCLanguage guiding therapy: the case for dehydration vs volume depletion https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-127-9-199711010-00020?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmedValidation of a noninvasive monitor to continuously trend individual responses to hypovolemiaReferences for Anna's voice of God on Third Spacing : Shires Paper from 1964 (The ‘third space' – fact or fiction? )References for melanie's VOG:1. Appraising the Preclinical Evidence of the Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Antenatal Programming of Maternal and Offspring Cardiovascular Health Across the Life Course: Moving the Field Forward: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association2. excellent review of RAAS in pregnancy: The enigma of continual plasma volume expansion in pregnancy: critical role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systemhttps://journals-physiology-org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/doi/full/10.1152/ajprenal.00129.20163. 10.1172/JCI107462- classic study in JCI of AngII responsiveness during pregnancy4. William's Obstetrics 26th edition!5. Feto-maternal osmotic balance at term. A prospective observational study

We wrap up season 1 of the Tread Lightly podcast by answering some of your questions! Eating disorders/disordered eating in younger athlete population (0:50) Can you go too easy/slow on your easy runs? (7:40) Reducing fiber intake around races (11:20) Gel recommendations for sensitive stomachs (16:00) Isotonic gels and carbohydrate absorption rates (21:25) Blackcurrant/CurraNZ supplements (25:00) Distance vs time when cross-training (29:00) Weekly runs when not training for a race (31:25) Our thoughts on Apple watches for running Strength training machines for runners (36:20) If you enjoyed this episode, you may also like: - Episode 29: Listener Q&A - Episode 10: How do you train when not preparing for a race? References: Jeukendrup & Gleeson. (2016). Sport Nutrition. 3rd Edition. Human Kinetics. PMID: 32460873 We will be taking a one-week winter break. We will return on January 6 with season 2! Thank you to everyone who listened - we appreciate you!

Few places in a football stadium have more mystique than the technical area! Prowling the perimeter of the pitch, or sat in comfort on the reclining, heated padded seats, this is where the emperor coaches survey the battlefield on the pitch. After the niceties of the pre-match talk its onto the pitch where communication with the players is tested in the cauldron of the stadium. Afterwards, in the tranquility of the managers room, pleasantries are exchanged; well sometimes! No shows and long visits, when the match is done the staff get to mix together and share information and friendships are renewed. Finally we turn to some things which have left the game - Bovril and Baths. Mainstays of dressing rooms for decades they are now practically extinct. And while their replacements may have more scientific benefit, the old school ways give rise to some better stories than Isotonic drinks and individual showers! Please subscribe, give us a like and share with others! Thanks for listening!

Welcome to The Knowledge Podcast by Wahoo, where fitness experts Jeff Hoobler and Dr. Jinger Gottschall unravel the mysteries of exercise science. In this episode, Jeff and Jinger take a deep dive into the world of isometric bodyweight training, shedding light on its often overlooked benefits. Isometric exercises, characterized by holding a position without muscle lengthening or shortening, can be a valuable addition to your fitness routine. Discover how isometric training can be an excellent starting point for beginners, a safe option for individuals with joint limitations or injuries, and a convenient solution for those without access to equipment. Jeff and Jinger share their research findings, revealing the surprising effectiveness of isometric training in improving strength endurance. They discuss the synergy between isometric and dynamic exercises and hint at the potential for combining them to create unique and challenging workouts. Tune in to learn how isometric training can help you achieve your fitness goals, no matter your circumstances. Prepare to be inspired and motivated to explore the power of isometric training in transforming your fitness journey.

Tracy Duhs is a modern wellness advocate and hydration expert. Through her conscious research of water, she's discovered ways that we can tap into our optimal health by upgrading the water we consume. In this episode, she pulls back the curtain on some of her key findings and breaks down the three main steps to make living water. Tracy also walks us through her high vibration morning routine and highlights the most impactful transformation she's gone through in her health journey. IN THIS EPISODE, WE TALK ABOUT:How the water we drink affects our internal and external health The most comprehensive way to filter out contaminants in water How to make the crystalline structure of living waterThe benefits of Quinton minerals and why you should add them into your supplement routineWhat Tracy does to manifest more vitality and flow in her life RESOURCESI am offering my listeners a FREE Stress Reducing Visualization where I will give you a simple solution for melting your stress away!Quinton Isotonic - ideal for balancing the nervous system in a time where many of us are in sympathetic dominant states of anxiety, stress, inability to sleep, and digestive complaints. Isotonic can help us shift to a more parasympathetic state - one of rest, calm, digestion, healing. On top of that, it supports cellular hydration, communication between cells, the health of the bioterrain and the immune systemQuinton Hypertonic -helps to protect the body against fatigue by supporting adrenal function, therefore supporting the body's resilience and enhancing energy levels, making it easier to work hard and play hard.CONNECT WITH TRACYPre-order Tracy's book: Hydrate Follow Tracy: @tracyduhsFollow The Sanctuary Wellness Experience: @thesanctuarysdLearn more on Tracy's website: tracyduhs.comListen to HYDRATE with Tracy DuhsCONNECT WITH DANETTEFollow Danette: @thedanettemayFacebook: Danette MayTikTok: @thedanettemayListen to ManifestivalBuy my bookWork With Danette Mentioned in this episode:Island Bliss

On today's episode of Red Pill Your Healthcast with Dr. Charlie and Nurse Practitioner Lauren-  Keeping our kids healthy! You can change your health trajectory of their health (and YOURS) with actions right now.    It's never too late to make a better decision today, to help your health in the future.    Let's dive in!   Dr. Charlie Website Instagram Membership  Nurse Lauren Website Instagram Email List  *NEW* E-Book on Natural Remedies   Dr. Charlies Supplement Recommendations: “In my medicine cabinet at all times” Reishi VerVita InspiraCell  Cir-Q Tonic® Camu - vitamin c Immune-Rmor®   Tinctures- Elderberry - viruses   Black walnut - parasites + bacteria  Scutellaria - mold, yeast, leaky gut + glutathione  Takesumi - binder    Nurse Practitioner Lauren's Supplement Recommendations:   Magnesium for kids MagSoothe (I get from Fullscript)  Dosing here  (my four year old gets 1/4 teaspoon twice per day)    For kids under 1 I like Epsom salt baths and topical magnesium as desired favorite magnesium lotion  Code: Lauren10 for 10% off   Megaspore from Fullscript   Kids Digestive enzymes are Enzymedica from Fullscript   Quinton minerals Isotonic for children (I started at 1/2 teaspoon and now over the course of the day they get 2 teaspoons per day) from Fullscript   Multi organs or beef liver  Code: naturalnursemomma for 10% off    Air purifier and water purifier      Healthy snack option for kids  Code: naturalnursemomma for 20% off   What am I Feeling? Book   Cod Liver Oil Code: naturalnursemomma for 10% off   B Propolis Throat Spray    Epsom Salt Hack** Take a handful of the unscented salts add essential oils, THEN drop into tub.     Lauren's Fullscript https://us.fullscript.com/welcome/naturalnursemomma Dr. Charlie's Fullscript https://us.fullscript.com/welcome/cfagenholz   Thanks for listening y'all!

Whenever I have a question or want to learn more about the latest advances in water technology, I turn to my friend, international water expert Robert Slovak. I've had Robert on the podcast three times in the past, on the following episodes: Is “Drinkable” Seawater The Future Of Health Tonics?, How “Quinton” Works, Isotonic vs. Hypertonic & Much More With Water Researcher Robert Slovak. Water & Water Filtration: Everything You Need To Know About Water Filters, Alkaline Water, Structured Water, Hydrogen-Rich Water, Deuterium Depleted Water & Much More! Everything You Need To Know About How To Use Hydrogen Water: Timing, Dosing, Delivery Mechanisms, Hydrogen Tablets, Hydrogen Water Machines, Hydrogen Inhalers & Much More! In this episode, you'll learn about the intricacies of Hydrogen and the benefits of drinking it, soaking in it, and applying it to a face mask. Robert addresses the internet myths about hydrogen that are surfacing and sets the record straight. I don't know a lot of guys Robert's age who get around as well as he does, so I'm finally able to dig into some of his longevity practices, so you'll want to take notes on that. Robert walks us through a fascinating injury healing protocol involving Percutaneous Hydrotomy in San Miguel, Mexico. Perhaps most importantly, Robert gives us the inside scoop on what specifics to look for when purchasing a water filtration system.  Finally, are you still wondering which Quinton product is best for you and when to take it? Robert breaks down the difference between Isotonic vs. Hypertonic and in what scenario you will want to take each of them.  Full show notes here: Bengreenfieldlife.com/slovak2 Special Offer:  All of these bundles will be 20% off. Discount automatically applied. Click here BEN's HYDROGEN REGIMEN BUNDLE BEN's QUINTON REGIMEN BUNDLE BEN's BIOHACKER BUNDLE BEN's ULTIMATE WATER & WELLNESS BUNDLE Water and Wellness will also offer 10% off individual products that Ben recommends. *Canadian customers may use Vitaexpress.com/greenfield. Episode sponsors: Keto Brick. Keto Brick is a 1,000-calorie, shelf-stable meal replacement bar that can be used by anybody out there wanting to streamline their nutritional needs!  Head on over to ketobrick.com and use my code BEN to get one FREE Keto Brick with your first purchase of any Bricks!  HVMN: Visit  hvmn.me/BenG and use code BENG20 for 20% off any purchase of Ketone-IQ️. This is an exclusive offer for podcast listeners.   Joovv: Get an exclusive discount on your first order of my favorite in-home light therapy devices. Just go Joovv.com/ben and apply code BEN.  Lucy Nicotine Gum: If you are looking for a cleaner and tastier alternative to other nicotine products, Lucy is for you. To save 20% on any order, visit bengreenfieldfitness.com/lucy and use discount code BEN20.  Kion Aminos: Aminos are building blocks for muscle recovery, reduced cravings, better cognition, immunity, and more. Go to getkion.com/ben to receive 20% off on monthly deliveries and 10% on one-time purchases.   

Isotonic beverages, sports drinks, hydration products…whatever you call them, blurring lines and new positionings are creating one heck of a fascinating CPG category. For those looking beyond water for their hydration needs, the market is heavy with functional beverages and powdered supplements. While just about every CPG category has been filled with brands “skating on ice” trying to meet the everchanging consumer demands, none closely compared to the hydration category that was once defined pretty much only by the sports drink Gatorade. It's that “cat and mouse” business game which is blurring the lines between category, brand, function, and format. But you'll see throughout this content together that the functional CPG category isn't so much about invention as it is about incremental innovation. Invention is creating a totally new thing. Gatorade was something totally new. Today, if you want to create something that has a lasting impact on the CPG world, it needs to be combo of “new” yet “familiar.” Do something too closely related to the market leader and people won't take notice but do something too novel and they're confused. In the CPG industry, most successful products do not arrive out of nowhere; they're remixes of existing ones. I'll explain how brands like BODYARMOUR, BioSteel, Liquid IV, and PRIME Hydration, were all inspired by the category creator Gatorade. Finally, I'll explain where I see the hydration category going next by mentioning a few trends. FOLLOW ME ON MY SOCIAL MEDIA ACCOUNTS LINKEDIN - https://www.linkedin.com/in/joshuaschallmba TWITTER - https://www.twitter.com/joshua_schall INSTAGRAM - https://www.instagram.com/joshua_schall FACEBOOK - https://www.facebook.com/jschallconsulting MEDIUM - https://www.medium.com/@joshuaschall

It's Part 2 of our water supplement podcast where we discover the HEALING benefits of Isotonic marine plasma!   Let's get nerdy with our skin!   Revitalizes body Improves metabolism Reinforces immune system   Your Anti-Aging Skincare Sisters! Lindsey & Ashley All products in all episodes are in our spa shop!   Click HERE to listen now. Are you tired of seeing a new wrinkle everyday? Are you sick of buying creams and serums and seeing zero results? I am a licensed esthetician and I have the answers for you inside our free lapree beauty community, Welcome!

Understand the major differences between the two terms, be able to apply this knowledge to your next exercise routine! I hope you enjoy the discussion! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/healthfacts/support

This week we're back in School and being Student Body Snatchers with The Faculty. Learning about the worst College Football team names, loads of behind the scenes and alternate Casting as well as what a piece of dirt Harry Knowles was and we assume still is. Should you want to see anunedited videocast of this week's episode you can join us on the Patreon for just a quid at https://www.patreon.com/100thingsfilm  full episode Auto transcription: Hey, guys, are the sure? We're looking at harness usher, Stuart Jansen, Patrick, hi, heartnet Edward. We're looking at years the faculty. Hello everyone, and welcome to another action packed episode of a hundred things we learned from film. I'm one of your host my name's plenty and I'm a body snatcher. Oh and I'm John. I'm the JOCK. You absolutely are, quarterback prick. Very well, very well indeed. I was gonna say it's gorgeous outside, pishing it down raining just now and it's still red. Well, I would have had my taps off, but for the very first time we are recording in video for our patrons. So if you fans, only fans, only pals, more like. So, if you want to see John's beautiful new kitchen behind him, potentially some Colin Robinson later on, as he likes to jump in, and my big fat face, you can get involved by giving us a quid a month. It is not going to be a permanent thing, but we're going to throw it up completely unedited, so you get to hear what a fucking pigs here. John just waits of the of the preamble. Anyway. It is what it is, John What what was happening that year? Well, Lord, just what was happening that year, and I'll tell you what. As that, you can't addit, any of it out. When it's the video, patrons are getting all this. Yeah, be fair. I think we've done nine. Hit Me, but I'll go to it again. Oh God, lords of crackers, the Truman show, and that's good. I know you love it. You love it, roaring, Robert, Robert, you maybe need to watch it again. Sort of a plane I wasn't on board with. I just didn't don't like it. Snake eyes, where you're Nicholas? All right, yeah, very good. For List Cage. You don't know. A few of them didn't. The city avengers, biggest pointless fellow I've ever seen in life. Nick Nicholas Cage, the Crow, the crow, five patch Adams, oh Jesus, yeah, because because cancer can be cured with laughter. Exactly, exactly, and you know this. You know this. And Fallen, which is about a weird one. I remember watching this way Denzel, and it's about a sort of mother that sort of goes between bodies. Nope, you have that's absolutely lost on that one night. John Goodman is good crack. John Goodman. Yeah, court John Goodman and of them. That's what that's you. I'll meet John Black, Claire Flanni, though, true, and you get to see Brad Peck getting run over, don't you? Yeahie Hopkins, Athone Hopkins, round the horn. Anyway, by the bye, I saw this in ninety nine, so that's got a release in I want to say, February ninety nine in Australia. To cinema in Australia see this and had a great time. I think I might have seen this as part of a double bill with the First Guy, Ritchie film lock stock, is part of a double bill, and with lock stock, which is pretty good double bill. Anyway. You know, listeners, you don't want to hear about through the miss of time with an old hey everyone, an old man's talking should be the alternate name for this podcast. Anyway, right with the podcast that tries to an hundred things. John's got a list of things, I've got a list of things. I'm going to talk us through the film. John's gonna add some funny bits and we're gonna go from there. Happy to go, Big Fella, I'm happy brilliant stuff. Okay, so we start with Mirrormax and dimension films. Now, we did to mension films before, didn't we? So we're not gonna do it again. But I've certainly can tell you a little bit about mirrormax films. Their first film was good year, called Rock Show, Paul McCartney and Wings Concert Film. Jesus, who are Mirrormax Youn? Only the distributor paramount could have been right. Now this year Mirrormax, and this blew me away, have got a fletch film coming out. Remember fletch ship? Yeah, but it's John Hamm. I mean I loved John Hamm. Jesus, he makes some ship decisions. to WHO's standing for fletching? Two, like there's surely nobody going. Do you know what film I really liked? Fletch lives. I dug him wrong. I loved him, but I can you recreate that? Can? You wouldn't have thought so, mate. You wouldn't have thought anything for money. We open with this really angry coach, that always brilliant Robert Patrick, and again he's in on this and he he knows what a kind of film he's in. He screaming, scimming Blue Eyes. Yeah, absolutely, he doesn't look much older here and we're what six years on, seven years on from judge mcday? Yeah, absolutely screaming at his team and stand his quarterback and it's proper heart attack behavior, this, isn't it? Yeah, did you catch the song in the background? Oh God, no, I was. It was the next but I was blew me. Was Really, really annoyed it the next. The song was the kids aren't all right by the offspring from that American album which I've got CD somewhere behind. Meeting in the car tomorrow and I got CD player again. I'M gonna throw it in the car. It September one. It's high was eleventh in the US and the UK, Sixty nine in Australia, nice and forty three in Belgium's alter a pub, fifty wiland there. I don't know what then that is. It went gold in the UK, Platinum in Italy and the USAF. So we did alright. It's done, all right. They were they were big, weren't they? They were really big at that point. I went to see them, I want to say in two thousand, a couple of days after my birthday, so like the next year. Um, and there were great, fantastic and it's Colin Robinson. Fella. Um Again, listeners, if you want to see Colin Robinson walking all over the laptop, my notes, yeah, then you're gonna need to making techniques. Yeah, yeah, so they were. They were huge chill children at the time and a great zone. Yeah, there were a green deal of time. Yeah, yeah, arguably better anyway. So what's the what? What's the next song? That that got you going? As soon as I heard the REF coming in, I'm like what they're doing? I see right, yeah, we'll come to that. Yeah, we will come to that. Yeah, that fucked with me. You know what I'm talking about? Yeah, yeah, yeah, and he's approached by this unseen character. He's like, what do you want? And we fade out. That night there's a meeting of staff. There's no money for Ms Brummel. Miss Brummels just about million years old, the Blair which, no money for her computers, no money for Mr Take's trip to NYC. Now, Mr Take, the actor that played Mr Tate, we have seen in a number of things, but on this podcast he was the opposing COP chief two, Brian Cox's COP chief. Yeah, yeah, Johnny chimpo brilliant in this as well. And again. I know I mentioned every time the bad guy in masters of illusion. Oh God, yeah, yeah, yeah, I forgot about that. Actually, yeah, that's who's WHO's the WHO's the good guy? WHO's the good magician in that? Scott Bacula, is it? Is it a master of illusion? I'm making that. Yeah, as long as it's no masters universe. That's no, that's a very but the bad guy, that's skeletor it's friend. Yeah, anyway. Um, and they can't get this money. He wants stay to New York and Mrs Olsen wants to do a mute Zical, but there's no money, because I'm sure the football team will get get their kit. Yeah, and she's like they will get whatever town. You've seen what it's like on a Friday night here. Principal Drake, maybe new with by the way, you know who she is. Big Fan of cheers Lilith. Yeah, brilliant, Foxy Ist. fucking this, by the way. Yeah, appeal, complained and no, does it for me, mate, does it? Does it for me? Your Scotty, she's got to do it for you and she's my hands are tied. So No, guys and dolls. Use last year's set from our town. Now a couple of things. Guys and dolls. It was a nineteen fifty Broadway show by Frank Losser. It won the Tony that year and got a film version in nineteen in Frank soon after Marlon Brando and Gene Simmons, not the sticking out yeah, sticking out face makeup love gun one. Obviously, the famous song that we all know from it, of course, is guys and dolls were just a bunch of crazy guys and dolls. It's not. It's an episode of the Simpsons, but you get the idea. Just the joke here is, by the way, using the set from our town. Our town famously doesn't have a set, and kind of budge the joke, you know. Yeah, I liked that. I liked it. Yeah, it's good, isn't it? Yeah, and there's a lot of kind of there's a lot of funny little bits in this. I think this is probably going to be quite a long episode because I think we both love this, didn't we? Yeah, I think it's aged brilliantly well, except for some of the CG which will come to they're leaving. She says she's forgot her keys and she needs to go back into the darkened school because all the lights are off and you can't put lights back on. Apparently. Oh yeah, that's that's a rule. Yeah, she figured she she goes into her office, gets the keys and coach Willis Robert Patrick's there. He won't let it leave without a pencil. It's like, you look really pretty and I really want to borrow a pencil. Yeah, okay, and do you know what, here's your pencil. Why don't you and your pens are going to sleep it off. And what does he do? Text through her hand. Plunges it right through her hand. I looked this up. Good, I'm glad you did, because, well, just to see if I was looking at and since we're people, put pencils through hands. The only thing I can find recently, because there was an an eight year old in California's hospitalized after a billy stabbed a pencil through his knee. She that's that's just the idea of broken knees and ship is no good. I would not be a good mob enforce I couldn't find any. What all I found was bloody assholes doing magic tricks on Youtube, and I stand by this. It's not magic if you could edit a video. Yeah, to Piss off. Yeah, you need to see it in the flash if you did bud upon but what I thought was, and again for the video, this works like there's bones there, there's like there's a is there a? Yeah, yeah, there's Ale. Yeah, all right, fucking Jesus God. Yeah, alright, in the hands and fenails. And it's a good effect though, this putty hand. I liked it. She needs him in the plums and runs for it. Finds the door chained. Where is the door? The doors chained out of nowhere, and you kind of like, I don't know how's that happened, and we can kind of guess in a moment or two. She knocks coach the ground and escapes the set of scissors once again, finds that she's keyless. She's fucking useless. She makes it out and locks coaching, losing the scissors. Ms Olsen picks them up and stabs at the death of them. Is fucking slow motion. What's wrong with the face thing, Pretty Graham? Yeah, now this massive long opening scene. You had an issue with the music. Yes, what's the crack? I just there's bad enough for we're trying to get pink floyd to put music on streaming media and stuff like that. They can. They completely take a cracking song like breaking the wall and just ref it and just and get other people to sing. Don't they like it? Leave it alone. It's a perfect piece of music. Yet, Hey, class of ninety nine, leave that song along, that song on your class of night in night. John. I'm looking at it because I didn't write it down. So what's the point? Short term, American alternate rock Super Group, Super Group bunny ears, inverted commas right, consisting of members of notable rock bands. Okay, and there's a couple of notable rock bands here and some ship Lane Staley of Alice in change, I don't know, Tom Morrello, raged against some machine. You know him, Stephen Perkins, Anthony to his mates from Jay's addiction, Martin Lynn, noble novel, from the Novel Porno for Pyros, I don't know, and Matt Serlick, from one of Rachel's favorite bands, matchbox twenty. Water load of fucking bollocks they are. And that is it. They got together for that, just giving rap. Yeah, and in fact it's so good, such a good song, John. I'm gonnaice to get some facts about it. Another brick and all. Part two is the one that we know of the three parts, written as a protest song against corporate punishment, which was out ard in state schools in the UK, nine six and private schools in which explains so much of what is wrong with our current government. Yeah, it was number one in deep breath, Australia, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, New Zealand, Norway, Portugals said it again, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USA, and sold four million copies worldwide. Not Too Shabby. That's that's physical copies. Yeah, well, yeah, yeah, would have all been physical copies, but none of this streaming bollocks here. Mate. So it was three part of composition by Pink Floyd from nineties, seventy nine, and it was classed as a rock opera. Yeah, I love that. Have you? Have you seen another brick in the what have you seen? Is it another brick in the world the film? Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, horrifying stuff. It really was going to back in the day. I love that. Scary, scary Shite. A little bit of background on this school, by the way. Harrington high not real. Herrington as a town also not real. Filmed in western Lockhart, Texas, which is known as the barbecue capital of Texas, which I assume that's the next town along from Cowboyville and ship larger county. Probably definitely come at me, Texans, because you wear those healed boots, don't you either, Go Ching, Ching Ching everywhere you walk, sports pose, Tottingham Hotspurs. Yeah, but I like the fact that it's not a real place. Yep, right, this bit we go through here with with the kids. You kind of meet them all and you get their names, which is brilliant if you're doing a podcast about this, because he gets it right down who they are. Number one is Zeke Josh Hartnett and written in his Mustang, and I'm fucking wrong. I know it's not a Mustang. Now I've written it down, but nice one, pacy, I mean Casey Elijah. Would he gets rammed at this post ball's first Danny. Yeah, it's kind of like Shit. That is pretty nasty. testical trauma is a great name for a band. Is when testicles are hurt by force, the cover gets torn or shattered and blood can leak into the scrotum until it becomes tense, which can lead to infection. God, just don't keep seeing it. Stop saying testical trauma. This Delilah, my least favorite character this whole yes, yes, Georgana bet brewster, right, good looking lassie, which is on about these stay Lorder lips take seventy two hours to apply. Could not find anything state Lawder Lips, by the way. However, I did find out State Lawder was found in New York City by the woman of the same name. She was the only female to feature in the twenty most influential business geniuses of the twentieth century, as published by Time magazine. What. Yeah, so everybody else? That's amazing. Probably trump was in that. I assumed so. And she she was a sister. In the fast few days, didn't she state Lauder fucking else, she did Jordans in front of all my bowels. Of all you're paying friends, and that's the thing, John, nothing about paying. But you know she was the sister because, as we noticed, all about firmly ward, firmly, this leaders a Zi family and respect. Get my pub stand is the quarterback that we saw before and Delilah's boyfriend. Yeah, stokely clear devalt go, kind of bit bit goth kids. You know, like really low budget out of the fact of the craft. Yes, yeah, I always forget her name and listeners are screaming boys in water boys. She isn't water boy. Yeah, and that Nicholas Cage Um port of call, you know, the Fred Lieutenant bad lieutenant potkole rotten, absolute piece of ship, that film. Anyway. Elijah Wood was the first person, apparently, to cross Niagara Falls by rope as part of an adrenaline challenge. Went. Don't ask. Josh Hartnett turned down the following rolls. whoever. This kid's brilliant spider man, Super Man and Batman. Do you know what he didn't turn down, though? A film about a haircutting competition in Keith Lee, West Yorkshire. I think it's called blow dry or blow job or something. Seriously, yeah, Alan Rickman's Dad Jesus because, yeah, yeah, when we do a Yorkshire Month we'll do that. Cleared about is named after the last volume in author Lawrence de Moles, the Alexandria Quartet novels. I don't know what they are. I didn't look into them, I was busy looking at the other books. Jordana Brewster, the faculty was the first film yet know what facts, but sorry, mate. Yeah, we've got to get that, we've got to get right. And then there's this new kid, Mary Beth something, something, something's got about seven hundred names and she yeah, yeah, God, and a new kid. I've got a clue. KLEX Klan Sense Zeke, selling fake ID of the brother from that seventies show. Yeah, yeah, I was. I was looking up by misdemeanors or possession of fake ideas in America, Da up to one year's jail term, summary Probation, community service and or money toor finds up to you a thousand dollars. They'll put you in prison for fucking out, won't they? Because it's a business loving, loving. I smoked cigarettes and then everything, just sitting there smoking, just getting it on. So I'll double checked this as well, because I was unsure to this. Remember that you used to be able to smoke around about hospitals, and then he stopped all that. Yes, apparently it was the same in schools. Adults could smoke in around schools and then my support portion of the districts prohibited it from the short of phased out from sixte Al Right. Well, it was the same sort of idea, because I was. I was always wondered that. I was like, I don't actually they smoke rear schools, but apparently not. You could. You could smoke in our school staff room when I was a kid. I think it's just must be the American ones, because it just comes. So you can't smoke. You text many guns in as you want. Yeah, yeah, you have to, you can. Need to protect us over the smokers. I'm gonna Kill Cancer, I'm gonna Kill Cancer, I'm going to shoot it in the fucking face. And basically all the kids in the background are absolute pricks, all fighting, arguing, these lasses, crashing the car. And we learned that Zeke is selling this stuff. He's throwing in this drug, isn't he? Inside? Yeah, Scat, he calls it, which makes anything else any other name other than like ship. Yeah, go on, anything else. But they were in Blue Biros. In fact, I'm waving at the screen now, a green one and a black one, blue one big crystal, which I'm using to keep track of. The hanks introduced nine and in two thousand and six they sold their hundred billion. One Jesus crazy that the best selling pen in the world and the Manhattan Museum of Modern Art has made it a permanent fixture because this fuck all else going on. And I guess there are six types of point with eighteen coors. There you go. And, as I say, Black Green, I think that might be. That's a purple one. It's not a blue one anyway. But using all my wife's good pens, kicking off right in the faculty room, there's this teacher, Harry Ah and you we're gonna me all the teachers as we go on, all the faculty, and I'll kind of cover them when we cover them, but Harry was one that I was particularly interesting. Did you recognize this guy? Is that? Is that the guy with the Gender Big Fat Guy? Yeah, so it was. I felt it was a film critic when he well, yeah, kind of. Yeah, Harry Knowles, he's called. So he was. He was in the Austin Film Critic Association and you go and kicked it for sexual harassment and correct. Yeah, absolutely. Yeah, AIn'tick. Cool news was his website and yeah, he got he got kicked out for assault, sexually assaulting Jasmine Baker in two thousand at the Alamo drafthouse in Austin. Apparently he was also very easily bought by studios for reviews around about the timing of this. So I can't help thinking he might have been given this role, not speaking role, for that to bump up. Yeah, absolutely, if I don't think you needed it, and it's a lot of fun. Yeah, it was. Then a couple of things and it was like he's an alien in Phantom menace as well. Apparently, apparently he's talking the nurse. The nurse is sick, Salmahayak war. Yeah, I love the way you looked into the living room there and make sure Kirsty wasn't hearing you talk about Salmahayak. So, yeah, the she says because she's full of full of cold, and if you're sick, why don't you take take a day off? It's just I'm saving all my sick days for when I feel better. We've all been there. That's a good show. So she's trying to quiet. She's doing a ship job. Sick days. John, would you believe in America, in the in in jobs and work in America, the average for an American worker in the private sector is seven six days a year, just seven, which is astonishing. It starts in the first year at seven and it builds up, which is astonishing, astonishing, astonishing, and the reason that is so astonishing is I get I get six months paid, six months unpaid, and I've only been in my job. When you're going to use all that tomorrow. So all that, we kind of meet all these staff, I like the science teacher who's basically trying to chat up sell Ma hi, ex nurse, isn't it? And then he's a line is. Well, I might as well put a penny in my eye, which is this brilliant kind of foreshadowing of what's going to happen to again. Oh, he was John John Stewart of the whatever the American things called that. I don't think I'll watch a lot of we didn't really get it over it, did we? No, did you? Did you catching the NEMES character? Yes, but it's later on. Go for it, and I was asking. All right, yes, yes, I did. Yes, so he is. She's a nurse, Harper, you put me on the spot here, Lad Edward. All right, Edward, Edward Furlong, Edward like that, Edward Furlong. Yeah, that Edward for a long who's been clean for four years, by the way. That's enough factor throwing. But I just read Edward for long has been has been clean for the last four years. Okay, result, yeah, exactly, but jild actor going wrong, and that's actor actor inverted. Commas so, Ms Olsen comes in looking less dowdy. Her and coach are drinking all the water in the class. We've got MS Burke, Fam Ka Jansen. We only we only looked at two weeks ago and she's very different in this, isn't she nervous? Dowdy, nobody, confident. No, talking about Robinson crusoe and she said what was crusoe most afraid of? And he says callous is she said, well, no, it was the isolation. Robinson crusoe is obviously everybody's favorite dilute injuice book by Daniel don't call me Willem Dafoe from sevent and a castaway that spends twenty eight years on a remote island without a volleyball called Wilson. Well, that means cry at least seventeen for that ball. He's rude, he's a smart ass. They claim that. You know, Stan tells Delilah that that he's quitting the team and she's worried he's throwing away his chance at a scholarship. But also she's more worried that she's head cheerleader. He's the quarterback and them's the rules. You can't break, break the rules of high school. DICKHEAD. Yeah, he's a load of things as well, that boy. He's been in launce. I didn't recognize him out of a thing it was. I'm sure he was in a wheezer video. Al Right, okay, well, what him and Fonzie? A little respect? I'm sure it was that. A little respect, all right, okay, Alright, oh, he's maybe it's maybe, maybe he's in that, that loser film. You know that they did spurt bag for maybe that with the guy that fucked the pie and the lassie that got the rose petals on the tits, Dana Kroyd. Thanks to Joshin Amanda Wilson for in forming me that the FBS, who are the governing body of schools colleges, allows eighty five scholarships each year for sports. Sorry, for football it's not many, not many, so thanks very much for that. That's how I would have got my education. Yeah, yeah, but we don't need no education. Mr Take Daniel von Bergen. As we said, super troopers really boring history lesson drinking boost from this Cup, isn't he? Yeah, and stand Correctis as you want to be. On chapter five, Mary Beth approaches Stokes Lee at break. She's Reading Double Star by Robert Heinlan. Robert Heinland was a sci Fi writer. He wrote starship troopers. Previous episode won four Hugo Awards for double stance, starship troopers, stranger in strange land, which is the only one of his I've read, and the moon is a harsh mistress, and then I get that one by the rest or just Martin is reel. Okay. Delilah comes along and basically says don't, don't hang around with stokes lead because she's wearing different shades of black and calls her a violent lesbian, so which stokes stokes storms off. Basically she's a piece of ship. She goes from being a piece of ship to being a piece of ship to then not being a character. Yes, you're pointless, absolutely pointless. Casey's eating lunch alone on the bleachers and finds this insect pod's approached by the coach Um and he says, have you ever considered trying out? He says I don't think a person should run unless he's being chastede. It's a great line. And then there is for shadowing. He's not happy about running. He doesn't think anyone should run, but he's quite happy to walk to fucking more door. He really has it. Walks at pistol, he walks at Pacy, I mean Casey. He does like Harold from neighbors in the science class. Casey approaches Mr Edward Furlong with the pod. Well Stokes, he tells Mary, but she's not gay. She just doesn't like people and that's her way of keeping because in apparently people didn't want to anger out anybody. This pod look like fucking Cocuna out of pokemon. What's going on there? Furlong suggests it could be a new species. And then they spill a bit of water on it and it comes back to life. Put it in this aquarium and it grows these tendrils. Done it and as he's about to kind of put his finger and it reproduces and when he gets his finger near it, this massive teeth, like C G I teeth, didn't look great and bit him at the pool. STANTELL's coaches quitting. A coach who has gone from basically up fucking here. At the start of the movie he's just like well, you know, you're just gonna do what you're gonna do. I can't I can't do anything about that. You're telling me this the day before, you know, this the day of my daughter's wedding. And Yeah, he just basically lets him get on with it and stand saves Casey from usher in the locker room. Yeah, exactly. I mean I think he's maybe in a couple of other films as as she got like twenty kids or something. I'm sure that's the thing I heard once. I didn't do any looking into rusher. I've done all my looking into everybody else, but yeah, I'm sure I think you've got about twenty kids. Jesus here must be he was ushered. He goes into he heads into the shower. I noticed he'd got some soap on a rope. It's kind of kind of it. I haven't seen soap in the rope for ages still widely available, but in two thousand and nine the Catholic Church stopped companies selling soap on a rope or, as it was known, as pope on a rope, because Holy Father only wants his facing under age genitals. I mean might not be true. Are you liking these Catholic Church jokes? Listeners for you? Are we getting canceled? Yeah, we might be. When he's in the shower, here comes Mrs Brummel with like a Meltie face, a face like one of the aliens out of they live, and she's just going they want everyone. I can't breathe, I can't breathe. And he grabs her like, hugs her, and scalp comes away in his hand just it slops all the folio. Fantastic. Olsen explains she has cancer, because cancer makes your scalp come away from your head. And at Zeke's car he's selling this vhs of Nev Campbell and Jennifer Love Hewittt fully frontal naked. Now, of course, me being me, I had to have a little bit of a look to find out what that could be. The only thing Nev Campbell and Jennifer love Hewett have been in together. It's part of five. No Fall Front. No Fall Front, only party of five. Certainly not in the first two series I watched there wasn't. He didn't feel front of Nive Campbell. And was it world things? No, Denise Richards. You got to see her. She did for them to everybody was getting to see that. Absolutely money well spent. Ye, Delilah and Casey are in the Faculty Lounge Looking for Goss for the school paper. He says you could be a cool human when you're not being a grade a bitch. Okay, and she's like are you hitting on me? Not, everyone's fucking hitting on your doll, Olsen and the coach. They come back. Casey and Delilah locked themselves in the cupboard. Brummel died because she was too old. Almost the full faculty have now been commuted. I just thought it's so good. Here's nurse Harper. She's still sick, so we know that something wrong with her. They grab her, knock at the ground and spit this bug into her. He was like in the cupboard. The kids find brummels corps and then burst out. Not Robert Patrick and this stunt double. It was blatantly Robert Patrick. Then up to the ground and this old lady stunt double up to the ground. They're running away. Casey slips over and Delilah keeps on running because obviously she's she can be pretty cool when she's not being a grade a coward. So that night the cops, case and his parents are looking for the body. Now, did you spot this nineties power suit the dad was where? Casey's Dad was wearing shoulder pads like him? Okay, I think I think he thought he was in swingers. I think he thought he was in swing but no, deditly not. They go in with the cops and they find resuscitation Annie in the closet, this thing that I've never had to use because I don't think we ever did this at school. Don't know if you do. I think we did it in first in but yeah, never, never in school. Yeah, resuscitation Annie, developed by Norwegian toymaker Asmund lateral and Peter Safer. Good, yeah, and absolutely freaky looking fucking thing. They explain that that they also hurt the nurse and said no, we didn't. She's epileptic and she suffers from Grand Maus. Grand Maus are seizures the last only a matter of minutes but can be so severe they cause a victim to harm themselves during today they're known as tonic clonic seizures, which I think sounds like something you clean your asshole out with. I know it as an im a, actually stealing off me. What about cleaning your asshole out as well? Okay, the parents take him home after drake has taken this cop into the office and he comes out like subtly changed a hunt of a wink, as if, yeah, Alien Wink. They get him home. They said no phone, no int ripping out this physical mode. Yeah, musical music. So it is getting blast and she's got the porno under the bed, the Hump, the phone, Humph, and it was boobs magazine, not a real magazine, but just got a lot of Ms Bok A. You. Yeah, but then he's got a print, and then he's got to retaining print. Yeah, I never seen that, my laef. No, I had no idea. And then for some reason he does something and he's got this walking like what was that about? Like this walking Meccanno animal thing didn't make any sense. And then he jumps out the window. He spots the faculty as and then slips off this fucking Verandam thing and his dad calls him in, but the faculty aren't there. You know, his dad was still holding NIMBIMBS, was he? Yeah, he was. Then we see the kind of the blind coming down and it's the outline of one of the teachers, isn't it one of the faculty? or so they're going to get mom and dad the next day as they drop him off, as dad drops him off at school, Dad and culture talking, Delilah Grabs Casey. She's got glasses on and her hair tied up. Yeah, and commit a call. Exactly who she's hardly Martin landow in, that mission, impossible TV show, and he's again a reference for fucking nobody. that. Yeah, we know. Sunday morning, sixties TV in the faculty lines. are going through all this water and not drinking coffee anymore and your man's off the booze. Maybe that's what I maybe that's I've stopped drinking booze because I'm an alien. I will be doing a lot more fucking better stuff with my time than this fucking you know you've been probing left, Rinde, center. Stan tells stokes that he's quit. The team explains that he got an a on biology instead of a d because of his winning arm, because he had a good arm. Stokes, he's been watching him, following, following him, and he says I want to be a D student. I deserve that D I love the D is not quite what he says. Mr Take says he wants to live in history of the family. UH, stands like, is this going to be on the test? And it's just this line of this isn't the test. Brilliant, fantastic character. There's a cure. Kids waiting for Ers here exam in a class and the police are helping. So it's all starting to look a little bit shady. Now zeke spots that there's a couple who were scrapping previously. The LAD's chill to fuck. She's like shouting at him, screaming at him. Do you know how his lad was? I remember his face and like I know that guy was in their scream movies. Hang what was a parody of it, a scary movie. Get a movie. He was a boyfriend in the first one that shot her. What these two boys are back for some scat. They want all he's got and he gives them a load, but they keep asking. They're blating the aliens. Yeah, have you got any more in your car? Have you got any more at home? So he keeps put some in his pocket. Ms Burke's now dressed like she's going to a fucking cocktail party right. She plays three characters in this. She played he's the Mousey one. She plays shouty, Screamy, fucking nutty teacher here as the alien. She calls him a diculous excuse for a little boy and storms off. Yep Um when he tries to offer a chocolate flavored laxatives, which is the last thing I need, and some Cherry Johnny's. Yeah, magnums, weren't he there were. Yeah, so I'll look this up because I thought Magnum was to do with the size it, but no, it's it's I think that Americans think Magnum's apparently the size, but it's the same lengths and standards. circumferences are normal journey. So I don't really understand why either go or is that magnums, because it's pretty much the same size as standard johnny bags. I tend to always put magnums on my p I. Robert Homden. Yeah, if you wanted John You could indeed by twenty more Cherry Johnny's five pounds. THIRD FROM CONDOM OUTLET DOT COM. How do we know there are more cherries? May I am not buying Johnny from Condom Outlet Dot Com. Nope. Casey explains to Stokes Lee what's going on and she said it sounds like pod people from the body snatches. Body snatches are rip off from the Puppet Masters, from Robert Heinlein. Which one is your body snatchers film, John Leland? Okay, yeah, I think that was the scariest. The dog with the person's face was just freaking yeah, yeah, yeah, just the end, the fact that it's kind of like fuck, yeah, yeah, he just points at her. screeture noises horrific, don't I mean, I'm sure I will watch it again at some point, but I saw that probably as a teenager, scared the shit that. I prefer the fifties one. Yeah, where at the end he looks in the he looks in the wagon and it's these prop pods. I love that and that's that's so cute. Writer. Today standards, it was, even though it was the subject was quite horrephic. It was quite quite felt quite hormly in the it. This, this bit ripped my fucking knitting. By the way, Casey explains he thinks film directors are aliens setting us up for a proper invasion. Spielberg's Et and son and felds get shorty, I'm sorry, I mean men in black, and I'm kind of like yeah, okay, I get it. That Robert Rodriguez. He's kind of going, I'm a director, I'm talking about film directors. Give me a fucking dump truck full of cash to make more of these. No, don't totally tot when he was seen, the whole gang head to science class to see the creature is now gone. Casey explains his theory on Aliens. Zeke and Mary Beth head to this the labs oars, which is the next room across which is where he gets his stuff for SCAT, and they're about to snug to garbagees medication, which I know that song very, very well. Off Two point oh to the garbage album of the same year. It's not a single. I thought it was number one in the UK and Iceland album but nowhere else. That's a great album. It's their teacher comes in and yeah, John Stewart comes in, but not before Zeke's come in trying to make a tweat of himself, pretending like or whatever. They've heard, and Casey explains that you think that that the that they're aliens. He attacks them Zeke's rips off this fucking this blade yellow teen things, slices off his fingers, which looks great for a second and then you see the fingers crawling across the floor. Ray Harry housings crying, and then they smash him in the eye with the with the I've written, shot penning shot nail, which basically melts his face. Yes, and again it's back to what he says. I might as well stick a penny in my eye or yeah, it was coming. This is a bit of Stokes, he said. Isn't this a bit where someone says, let's get out here and stand, let's get out of here. Casey grabs the weak Acuna thing and they had for the car. Everyone's acting calm and weird and scary as they kind of head out. Yeah, they get out of dodge in the car. There's nothing on the radio and like a police roadblock, isn't there? That they speed away from. was just leading shimming show. It was a little bit like show white beetle. They get to his place. He's got an apothecary in the garage like something he's turning fucking leading a gold or something, an episode of friends. He's rich and a prick and he's been grinding up caffeine pills for I took a lot of pro plus in college. I think everybody did. Forward when it we're coffee, just for that extra kick, that's right. Yeah, just because you've done a full out of college and you're going out that night. Yeah, there isn't any touch things is an energies just wasn't red from you. If you were lucky, you got Lucas aid sport, because it's ISOTONIC. We find out that he owns a gun, which is basically Chekhov's gun maybe, and he cuts a bit off the pod and puts it in with Oscar, that wait mace. It takes over the poor thing and he wrings its neck. He could to play three blind maze, lay down and wait again, which is monthy python reference for nobody. He cuts it open to find that it's a dried out the little mouse, and he empties a penn of scat onto this rest in this pod that melts like salt on a slug. stokesly explains you've got to get the master and that will free everyone else, because school kids are fucking geniuses. Yes, they're basically figuring out that the alien people are emotionless, the puppets. It's a puppet master. They argue amongst one another. Any one of them could be an alien. Zeke solution is for them to snort a Byro. So there's obviously homost the other thing, yes, one like that scene. It's not a homage. It's fucking robbed, robbed off this thing, isn't it? Yeah, I went to school with and I do put by rows up his nose. He lays tarmac for a living now, so really just old it. Casey takes it and starts giggling, because caffeine bills do that. Oh No, it's great cackle. As little radio flyer stand grabs the gun and threatened Zeke, who takes it and stand does the same stokes. He says I'm not putting up that on my nose. Zeke says aliens are taking over. Weigh it up. It's quite a good lie actually. Delilah and Marybeth in the last two, and they won't do it. Mary Beth claims to BE ALLERGIC TO ASPIRIN. There's no aspirin in that. She does it, tips her head back and snorts. Delilah doesn't, and we get to see her with all these crawley things which look good. Casey grabs the gun but won't shoot her. stokesly does missus, and Delilah basically smashes up this drugloud throwing herself about. She's forgotten out to walk, and then she jumps in the waiting school learning car being driven by Mr Tate. What's going on? It's like as if there have been the speaking teachers. Hi've mimed, of course. So they head back to the school, which is Friday Night Lights. It's huge crowd at the game, with the Fart Rock version of another brick in the walls. Back as far as the team goes, they're called the Hornets. A spot. They were called the Hornets. There's only one or Charlotte Hornets. Charlotte Hornets, yeah, yeah, that's good to basketball. Hornets are the largest of the wasps and massive fucking assholes. The Asian giant Hornet stings cause thirty to fifty deaths annually in Japan. Would, yeah, would you believe it? And of course all American football teams have got stupid names. So, John, with that in mind, I want you to tell me if the next seven ones that I mentioned are a football team or a ship ball team? All right, football team if it's real, shipball team if it's not. Didn't really figure out the title, so you know whatever. Number one, the Minnesota Golfers. A. The Minnesota Golfers. Oh, it's a team. A. Number two, the Maryland terrapins, not sty. So it's a real football team. Yes, correct, it's a real football team. Number three, the Chicago outfits. Shut correct, it's not real. I made that one up. Number four, the wake forest demon deacons, real fucking writers, one of their shirts. Number five, the Kingston Cong's. Oh God, not made. That's a good name. Get out getting glace. Get that team made. Number six, the Martha's vineyard seamen. You're right, Rad number seven, the South Carolina Game Cocks. It is. Yeah, the job about. And so when this is going on it's funnish to where you're talking about Hornets. I've I've picked up a wee think about bees, because we're saying killed the queen and everybody go back to normal. So I just for some reason looked out to queen bees and seeing what would happened to be killed a queen. Okay, so that's what I got. So, unfortunately, queenless Corny cannot survive or for a sustained paid and absolutely queen bee effects of behavior working the worker bees. They's become aggressive. Worker bees may continue to lay eggs, but because there's no queeny finalizing, they're all drones instead of workers. All Right, knew that, you scientists, obviously, but that's that sounds pretty cool, man. Well, look, no, cool, don't. Don't kill Queen Bees. Don't, don't. You don't kill any bees place. All through the game the team are putting bugs in the ears of the other team and the tackle. It's good. This better, like Robert Patrick's doing. Amazing facial word, brilliant and yeah, yeah, fantastic stuff, like Henry clearing the water boy whenever. Yeah, in the gym. Principal Drake's here, by the way, Principal Drake, that the first person approached me. Principal Drake, did you see? This was Gillian Anderson. Oh, good, yes, yeah, yeah, again, would have been a great choice. Yeah, I think they tire up because they're certain that she's the she's the queen in this badminton net. She needs to snort the thing that she's not going to do it. So she woke some Zeke shoots are between the eyes. Yeah, just that. Nowhere. BLAMO as cases about to stab her. She comes back to life and Mary Beth throws the whole case of spun. Yes, yes, I'm melting, melting world. What the world? Good affection? There's a lot of it Israel. Where was you? Throw? Well, why? Now he knows. He's seen the end of the film. Games over in the town's heading home. Stand heads out to get the coach because there's certain now it's going to be him. Stokes. He grabs, grabs him and snugs him before he goes because she doesn't want him to die. Having not done that. Outside in the rain, coaching, the players have got their mouths open, tendrils out to the rain. Looks Great. It's like a lightning strike and you see like the alien behind yeah, and that still looks amazing. It's a really good gift as well, so I'll have to do that when I'm posting about it. Stands back at the door. They throw him a Biro wonder and he empties it away. It's beautiful. There's no pain, no fear. Se Open the door. Zeke threatens him through the door with a gun. Mum, he explains that he's got Schumer left in his car on the land and that's the stuff out of sky. Rim stiff. They head out him and Casey threw through the lot full of school busses. I was going, look at all those school busses, loads school busses there. We haven't seen a school bus in something for ages and ages and ages. By the way, remember we used to see loads of loads of them in films and it's been a while since. Yeah, yeah, I think the last probably we've seen it was in a trip. Yeah, I think so. Bigger score bus manufacturer in the US is the R E V group. They earned two point four billion revenue per year. It's astonishing. It's amazing. You can, you can, fucking you can get a contract doing anything in America. Really can. Oh, I missed this, but you can reattach fingers a maximum twelve hours after they have been slashed off. Throw that in UM cases. The Decoy was a coach and the team, because he can run, that's and he gets caught on the bus wagons by Delilah and as the team start coming through the windows, he escapes out through this. Not only can he run, but he can also fucking jump. You can jump. I thought I was watching again. I thought home coming, as Zeke said, his car and he grabs the shaiser or whatever we're calling it. Miss what's her face? Comes back now, Ms Burke, and again she's still dressed in this gear and everything. Um, she said, I don't want Cherry condoms, but I do want something cherry flavored, and you're like wow, and I think they've kind of got around this by explaining earlier on in a throwaway comment, that he's had to stay back a year, like eighteen or nineteen. Makes Sense. He jumps in the car and she jumps in the back and as he peels away she's trying to worm his ear. He throws his seatbelt on and rams this bus. She is flying out the window. Now what doesn't happen when you fly out a window, John? You don't lose your hand, you don't get get capapitated. You don't get copapitated. That's right. Yeah, but she does. And another rep off of the thing. Very much so. Yeah, and it looks like fucking garbage because they don't have her talking or anything. They just have this. They don't even have her looking at him. The photograph of her face, isn't it? Photograph of the face going along, not even moving eyes, and just as she kind of finds the rest of the body, he's like, fuck this, I am out here. It was obviously that unimpressed with the effect. Exactly in the gym, Mary Beth and Stokes, they are talking in I know you're proud of being the outsider, but aren't you tired of being something you're not? I know I am. And then she gets all wavy arms and sucking licorice whips, because it turns out she's the massive squids. It turns out this huge fucking squid thing. She chases stokes Lee and the just arrived Casey into the pool. And she jumps into this pool and she's she's sacking super swimmer, like old Phelps, isn't she? The Queen Drags stokes the under the water, but Casey throws a rope and saves her. In the Locker Room, Z comes in, stokes. He calls out to him, but Mary Beth also calls out to him as Human Mary Beth, naked with the Nipples, naked with, yeah, with Photoshop Nipples, out answer me this. Why are you naked? It's q good he takes stokes as his side, but it turns out stokes he's got squid snogs it does. He locks her in this equipment cage. Casey's made to take some more of the fucking Skank by Zeke, who then gets thrown across the locker room and knocked out. Mary best calling after Casey, explaining her world was endless oceans till it dried up and she escaped. She wanted to make her very much like home, part of the same one feeling. One Mass Mary Beth becomes a true form and chases him into the gym. Now I love this because he sets this bleacher to retract and a great strategy and then nearly gets fucking caught himself. But it just so happens that he's a really strong athletic nerdy, so he kind of runs out just as it gets caught U he stabs her in the eye and she spits jazz written Jizz Tadpoles here in his face, which is who practical effics. YEA, they fall out. As she dies. He heads over at stokely she's alive, with some dead ones next to her, and we got one last jump scare. Zeke smashes on the batting cage. Do we really need that? Do we really need it? One month later? One month later, and just just because we're doing fucking show not tell. So we do tell, not show. In this we've got news reporter going. It's a month or since the and give you away. Zeke's on the team. Uh, and fucking we miss fucking Burke's watching from the bleach. Did he lay up that factual quickly? Yeah, what the fuck? And he's said and he gets put out that cigarette and get back on the team like that is surely that would surely get you fucking kids. Yeah, these reporters are doing a new story. Stokesle and scatter and stand a winching. It turns out Casey and Delilah a thing as well. And he is Time magazine Man of the year. I think. Sure have changed, haven't they? No, no, no, no, no, no, it's a bad old wasts song and nw to do. Yeah, man, time, man of the year night in ninety nine, John Jeff Bezos. What for? Taking Daddy's money? Probably, yeah, bad year. Yeah, bad indeed. What else have you got? That's that? Let's say that your neck and main left branch center. I was deleting them left her Queen B thing at the India. Oh, I'm sorry, mate, we need to get a bit better at this night at least. No, it's nous. Were just doing a thing. The facts are a harsh mistress. Oh No, I've got one thing, John, I've got one thing. Hang on, hang on, the car. Oh, yes, so you did. We both of the car. Sure as H Nineteen Seventy pointy act here, nice sexy machine and absolutely astonished. John, you didn't have the gun. I think we've covered a gun. It's not like you do not have the good one. We have, but it's a cult detective special. Yes, but there, there it is. I'm putting it on there, and it's only because I remember seeing that gun. So smashing Um Asian giant Hornet. We have done sick days. We've done replicating a numbals, snakes, sharks and commode or dragons have been known to birth without aid from males. Bacteria and cells are the only things that can replicate. No bother. No, there was horseplay written on the shower wall. No, horseplay. Horseplay is defined as rough, boisterous play. Horses rough and boisterous. I don't get that. No, that's a weird one. A couple of facts from the back of the making of the film, released Christmas Day night in the US, grossed forty point three million domestic and sixty three million worldwide, from a budget of just fifteen. Mel Zeke is the only character not to get infected throughout the film. Oh Yeah, Tommy Hill figure provided clothing for the film in exchange for the cast to feature in an advert. That's a good one. Well, they're all good ones, aren't they? If you don't know them. We've got outtown. We've got Jillian Anderson. Oh, the tattooed girl, Mary Beth Askeworth, the office is, is Robert Rodriguez Sister, Jessica Alba, was considered for Delilah, but she was too good an actor. I added that last bit. Sherylyn Fenn was Rodriguez first choice to play burke in a while. Yeah, and that is usher's dew film. Right. There you go that that ushered him into star in other films. How do you think we got on Gordo? Oh, little bit higher, seventy six. Yeah, bad, because we always as I was going through my facts in my head and like he's got this, he's got this he's got this. So, yeah, we doubled up a lot, didn't we? To be honest, that has a good farming. A lot of the things you back up on. You really do holding on because there's a lot of specific things that you see. So that's that's what I think. You Pack Up, won't you be fair? Absolutely, absolutely. Oh, we have got a lot of patrons to thank. Again this week we've got new ones as well. Newest Patron Ian mccomish, all around Nice Guy and long term pal. Thanks you. Rachel plant. You know her. It's her birthday today as this goes live. Happy Birthday plenty. Fifty again. How many years has that been that you've been saying you're fifty? I am going to get bad for that. That's fine. Nigel Davis is the owner of wonder emporium. He does accessories for tabletop and mini games. Get Him on facebook by searching for wondering porium and buy a lot of his ship. Dan Belson. He's the red half of the B there with Belson podcast, and Gavin Belson is the blue half of the B there with Belson podcast. Aaron, Aaron from Z what? Yeah, don't kill the Queen Bee h I wonder which one of those two is. The Queen Lads. You tell US Aaron from the Z one podcast. It's an audio drama about love, life, the undead and hamsters. You can keep that, by the way. I wrote that for today. Joe Higgins, Christ we know him hallmark of greatness. Weird thing about that damnit Vince podcast. He's back on here in September for an episode. Phil fairish friend and first ever patron, picks me up on loads and stuff that we miss, but then he does pay for the luxury. I'm not sure what his excuse was the past eighteen months, but you know, hey, punk from what the funk do you want? You know him currently shouting at guests on the Monday. He's also doing this semi regular chat about Elden Ring with filthy, which I'm enjoying. has made me want to try elden ring. I like a bit of ringsting. We've got SAS. Thanks for you continued listens and support. Mono and Kira from Mono rants the boys podcast. They've got season three summary Episode, which is live now that that series has finished. Amazing crack those two. We've got biggie, comedy genius and fake scale. Sir Stigg, film reviewer, extraordinary, and next week's guest, by the way, gadget, who's a God, Tier D and d dungeon master, and there from modern escapism podcast, and do dragons deem of Scotch Sheep, which is a hears God to yeah, yes, stick is a lot of fun to build him up now so it can come crashing them. Ian From court connections PODCAST, three different media linked by one common thread. Fantastic idea for a podcast, done really well by a nice guy. He won't like me saying that. Gavin McGill, long term support of the POD, long suffering Falkirk Fan, and, of course, Josh Wilson, lovely man, terrible impressions with a great family podcast. Super knows a lot bit wetter than Miami. He does moment. It's just we didn't ask him. Ah. So next week we will be back with stigg from modern escapism and the dragon's dream of scorch sheep, talking about Oh spade, why did you leave Farley with the Queen Bees? Talking about Tommy boy? Yeah, I haven't seen this in ages and stigss what to do it again. I hope it's not shocking. I hope it's not really really bad, stig, because that would be bad crap. John. Final words, mate, guys, patrons, pen peen, guests, thank you for all your cash. Money is it's going to be a good homes and production value stuff, and thanks for everybody ever for the listening, thanks for supporting again, and thanks for your votes. Have you voted for us? So? Oh yeah, in the podcast awards? Yeah, hopefully will have. Will have won least votes for a podcast. That's a dream. That's that's all we can hope for. Yeah, fantastic. For those that are not patrons and we're not able to watch, you just miss me windmilling my knob above my head. Did all that. So give us a quid and see me windmilling my very small, thin penis above my head from there. Not Really, but you will get to see all of this nonsense. So until next week. He's been, John, I've been plenty and we have been seventy six things we learned from the faculty. See, yeah, see you, guys.  --- The Faculty is a 1998 American science fiction horror film directed by Robert Rodriguez and written by Kevin Williamson. It stars Jordana Brewster, Clea DuVall, Laura Harris, Josh Hartnett, Shawn Hatosy, Famke Janssen, Piper Laurie, Bebe Neuwirth, Robert Patrick, Usher Raymond, Jon Stewart, and Elijah Wood. The film was theatrically released on December 25, 1998, by Miramax Films through Dimension Films. It grossed $63.2 million and has developed a cult following since its release.

I detta poddavsnitt pratar vi hydrering. Översiktsartikeln, The Hydrating Effects of Hypertonic, Isotonic and Hypotonic Sports Drinks and Waters on Central Hydration During Continuous Exercise går in på djupe i detta ämnet. Låt oss ta en titt.    Länk till studien.    Tidsschema: 01:15 Veckans studie 02:00 Vi går igenom grunderna kring hydrering. 05:20 Iston, Hypoton, Hyperton  10:00 Vad säger översiktsartikeln om hydrering?    Mer poddar och artiklar hittar du på Prestera Mera   Värdar  Tommy Ivarsson, Fil.mag Biomedicin (M.Sc.)–Specialisering mot mänsklig tommy@umara.se   Simon Gustavsson, Fil.kand Biomedicin (B.Sc.)–Specialisering mot områdena kost och träning. simon@umara.se

Kevin @Berrey | Sunny @sunnya97No guest, just updates and Q & Atl;dr-Osmosis v8 upgrade proposal slated to go on-chain May 18, now also includes TokenReactor, allowing CosmWasm contracts to mint native coins (necessary to be used in the DEX)-Bridge integration with Axelar on-going, pools being migrated to app.osmosis.zone-Personalized Dashboards available on the info site with LP & staking histories, etc.-Ion DAO site live on testnet at ion.wtf-discussion of how best to develop liquidity for stableswap and Isotonic at the same time: capital efficiency options include re-using idle liquidity from Isotonic, using stableswap LP's as stablecoins in Isotonic, creating an Osmosis stablecoin— wild idea: fractional reserve? take the UST locked on Terra in order to mint Osmosis UST and deposit it into Anchor-Kado fiat on-ramp in developmentNotes by Steviewoofwoof:https://whimsical-lightning-304.notion.site/May-04-Osmosis-Updates-from-the-Lab-Efficient-Liquidity-edition-edf69099028e4a36ae3daf5ddd63d0b7

International water scientist Robert Slovak is regarded as one of the world's foremost water experts. Robert Slovak devoted himself to the science of water after life-altering experiences. He took his astronautical and mechanical engineering degrees and decided to pursue the research of reverse osmosis with his brother Jack. The dynamic duo were considered the early developers of Reverse Osmosis technology. He is the co-founder of Water and Wellness. In this episode, you will discover... -Great deal available for the NEW Hanu wearable device…02:10 -Robert's bio…04:15 -His appearances on the Ben Greenfield podcast were a huge success…07:00 •https://bengreenfieldfitness.com/podcast/nutrition-podcasts/deuterium-depleted-water/ (Episode Link: Deuterium Depleted Water, Etc.) •https://bengreenfieldfitness.com/podcast/supplements-podcasts/hydrogen-water/ (Episode Link: Hydrogen Water, Etc.) -Robert's interest in water is rooted in a desire to untangle complexities in a topic we don't know enough about…11:45 -He was introduced to membrane separation and reverse osmosis while working on missiles during The Vietnam war (1971)…13:40 -How to reduce most contaminants in municipal water supplies…19:20 -https://waterandwellness.com/products/aquatru (Aquatru filter ) -Glyphosate (Round up) is found all over the world in water and it is difficult to remove…23:00 -The pH of anything you eat or drink is irrelevant to human physiology…27:25 -Two types of water filtration: distillation with activated carbon and reverse osmosis plus activated carbon…31:05 -Robert is most famous for under sink RO Systems that have a sealed storage tank and reverse osmosis membrane with filters…33:30 -Water storage is a problem and leads to health issues; The tank needs to get emptied or it becomes a microbial incubator!...35:10 -Our microbiome is our second brain; the correlation between gut health and neuro cognitive issues is huge… 37:15 -There is a product available at camping stores called a https://www.rei.com/product/847549/katadyn-steripen-ultra-uv-water-purifier (Steripin), it's a small portable UV light that kills all three types of pathogens and water… 40:20 -All about minerals and trace elements in our water…43:05 -Roberts go to solution to re-mineralize the body… 47:00 -https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LtTVIu85E-0 (Habitat crisis) by scientist Dr. August Dunning about the correlation between the depletion of our soil and the increase in chronic disease…48:00 -https://waterandwellness.com/collections/quinton (Quinton Marine plasma); Robert believes this product saved his life… 50:00 -Hypertonic versus isotonic; best practices to stay in peak physical health… 53:00 -The value of isotonic and when it is appropriate to use it… 57:00 -Plankton blooms; a natural miracle…57:55 -Quinton was the most prevalent medicine around 1916…1:00:30 -Robert's opinion on mineral waters on the market…1:06:30 -Dr. Michael Kessler claims Quinton isotonic is capable of shifting every patient from sympathetic to parasympathetic nervous system in 10 minutes or less…1:09:30 -https://waterandwellness.com/ (Water and Wellness website) where you can purchase the isotonic and hypertonic ampules for your water…1:13:30 -Hydrogen infused water and the benefits…the most unique and powerful antioxidant we can access…1:14:40 -Isotonic foot baths;https://waterandwellness.com/products/h2-relief?_pos=1&_sid=b6f9559a6&_ss=r ( H2 Relief) tablets for soaking accelerates recovery, reduces inflammation, and induces relaxation…1:19:10 -When Hydrogen scavenges free radicals, it turns them into H2O; water!…1:24:20 -The process involved with Hydrogen that increases cognitive function…1:26:05 -Some free radicals are beneficial to the body and Hydrogen doesn't interfere with those…1:28:30 -Practical guidance for taking Hydrogen tablets…1:35:45 -New product:https://waterandwellness.com/products/active-h2-chromax?_pos=1&_sid=507237414&_ss=r (...

HOT PROPERTY INTERVIEW: JOCELYN MCCAULEY (00:16:12) We chat to Jocelyn about her season to date, her plans going forward and her love of FORM goggles. ONE STEP AHEAD: (00:58:43) We bring Physiologist Dr Claire Badenhorst back to the show to talk about hydration and “The Hydrating Effects of Hypertonic, Isotonic and Hypotonic Sports Drinks and Waters on Central Hydration During Continuous Exercise: A Systematic Meta-Analysis and Perspective” LINKS: More about MitoQ at https://www.mitoq.com/ Training Peaks discount at https://www.fitter.co.nz/about-radio 10% off INFINIT Nutrition at https://www.fitter.co.nz/about-radio More about Infinit Nutrition Australia at https://www.infinitnutrition.com.au/ More about Floe Bottle at https://www.floebottle.com/ Follow Jocelyn on Instagram at https://www.instagram.com/jocelynmccauley/ One Step Ahead study at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34716905/ CONTACT US: Learn more about us at http://www.fitter.co.nz        Mikki Williden can be found at https://mikkiwilliden.com/

The exciting first episode of the Get to Know Your Dragon Podcast, powered by Everlast Isotonic Hydration. Mick is a Willetton Dragons legend and one of the club's greatest supporters, albeit from behind the TV these days! In his chat with Cameron Becker, Mick discussed his memories playing at the Drags, why he loves the club and his hatred for the mandatory-helmet rule.

In this interview, we speak with Arie Halpern, the inventor and the proud owner of Doggy Rade and Kitty Rade. Arie Halpern is a serial entrepreneur, economist and founder of Tonisity International, a disruptive animal nutrition company with headquarters in Dublin, Ireland and having served as Chairman and CEO since January 2017. DoggyRade and KittyRade, delicious and refreshing low-calorie rehydration drinks for pets, are now available! Both beverages are isotonic drinks that vitalize good hydration in dogs and cats.Connect with Doggy Rade here: https://doggyrade.com/ You can order Doggy Rade here: https://amzn.to/3BobNxSSubscribe to our channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/ModernCanineVlog?sub_confirmation=1

Not all gels are created equal! Some are definitely better than others but it also comes down to your personal preference on flavour, texture, cost and how gels fit into your overall race nutrition plan.  In this episode I talk you through:What to look for when buying gelsCan they be mixed with water? And what does Isotonic mean?Do gels need to be consumed all at once?Why do gels upset some athletes stomachs? Plus two suggestions on how to fix thisHow much do you need during endurance events?Alternatives to gels all together!Sports gels are a big minefield of information with new products coming on the market all the time. But I'm hoping this episode fast tracks your research when it comes to finding what's best for you.If you're looking for more real food options to have during exercise, check out our Fuel Your Adventure recipe book here | Fuel Your AdventureLINKS:Get a copy of our Fuel Your Adventure Book HEREWebsite: www.dietitianapproved.comTriathlon Nutrition Academy Program: www.dietitianapproved.com/academyInstagram: @Dietitian.ApprovedFacebook: https://wwww.facebook.com/DietitianApprovedThe Triathlon Nutrition Academy is a podcast by Dietitian Approved www.dietitianapproved.com/academyDietitian Approved acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the Land we have recorded this podcast on, The Turrbal and Jagera peoples. We pay our respects to their elders past and present and extend that respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures. Support the show (https://paypal.me/DietitianApprovedAU)

My guest this week is Robert Slovak of Water and Wellness. In this episode, Robert and I discuss Quinton's Isotonic and Hypertonic solutions. Quinton is made from sea plasma harvested from vortex plankton blooms, that quickly restore the body's biological terrain. With 78 minerals that are necessary for proper genetic expression, Quinton Isotonic is nearly identical to the concentration of minerals and trace elements found in human blood plasma. Learn more about Water and Wellness and use discount code longevity for 10% off your purchase! International water scientist Robert Slovak is regarded as one of the world's foremost water experts. After retiring from the corporate world, Robert left for Brazil to bring advanced water technology. While working in the rainforest, he contracted a gastrointestinal illness due to unsanitary eating conditions in the small village. It was then Robert was taken to see a biologist for treatment. The scientist recommended Quinton Marine Plasma to eliminate the affliction. Robert left the Brazilian biologist the following morning convinced he had uncovered one of the greatest medicines of history, an imported marine solution from Spain. Episode Takeaways [08:30] How did Robert get started with Quinton, molecular hydrogen and Water and Wellness?.. [15:45] The formation of earth (Robert has slides you may want to watch on youtube)... [22:15] Our body's fluids vs the ocean… Is the similarity the key to homeostasis?... [25:20] The experiment that changed everything… [28:20] What impact does drinking Quinton have on your extracellular matrix?.. [32:05] How can Quinton be administered?.. [38:30] Where does Quinton come from and how is it made?.. [48:20] Are athletes better off using Quinton or a typical electrolyte solution? What is the best way to use it as an athlete?.. [56:00] What is everything that is in Quinton?.. [59:00] Quinton hypertonic solution vs isotonic solution… Which is better? When should each be used?.. [62:44] Is Quinton the fabric of life? Does it have the ability to restore our bodies at a cellular level?.. Follow Nat Facebook Facebook Group  Instagram Work with Nat: Book Your 20 MInute Optimization Consult   Linkage https://waterandwellness.com/ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC264qRUHzHUVWRH7M-F8thg

My AP Biology Thoughts  Unit 2 Cell Structure and FunctionWelcome to My AP Biology Thoughts podcast, my name is Corrinna and I am your host for episode #60 called Unit 2 Cell Structure and Function: Isotonic, Hypotonic, and Hypertonic Conditions. Today we will be discussing the differences between these conditions Isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic are all words to describe the conditions of a cell in relation to the amount of solute and water in them. An isotonic condition is when the concentration of water is the same inside and outside of the cell. This creates an equilibrium, so there will be no large movement of water in or out of the cell. However, an isotonic solution does allow for osmosis, but the rate of water moving in and out of the cell will always be the same. If a cell is in a hypertonic solution, water will flow out of the cell because there is a higher concentration of solute outside of the cell. This causes water to flow out of the cell because the concentration of water is lower outside of the cell, water will flow out of the cell to try to create an equilibrium. The word hypertonic comes from the Latin prefix hyper, which means above. In a hypertonic solution, a cell will shrink. If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, there is net flow of water into the cell because the solute concentration outside the cell is lower than inside the cell. Because of this, the water concentration inside the cell is lower than outside the cell, causing water to flow into the cell and the cell to expand.  Plant and animal cells can thrive in different conditions because of their different characteristics. For example, red blood cells find isotonic solutions ideal because they maintain constant conditions. However, in plants, an isotonic solution will cause the pressure in the cells to decrease, and the plant will appear to wilt. In hypertonic solutions, neither plant nor animal cells thrive. In red blood cells, hypertonic solutions will cause the cells to shrivel and possibly die. In plant cells, hypertonic solutions will cause the plant to wilt because water leaves the cells. In order to avoid hypertonic situations, one can make sure that the plant or animal is properly hydrated. For animal cells, hypotonic solutions are harmful, and red blood cells may burst because the net flow of water is into the cell. However, hypotonic solutions are ideal for plant cells, because their cell walls don't allow them to burst. In hypotonic conditions, plant cells become slightly enlarged but this is beneficial as it allows the plants to be more rigid and not wilt. Hypotonic solutions in plants can be caused by regular watering.  Isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic conditions are all very different, but they all indicate the health of the organism. The difference in reactions by plant and animal cells to these conditions show the different structures of plant and animal cells. Because plant cells have cell walls, they are able to thrive in hypotonic conditions whereas animal cells will likely die. However, these different structures enable their respective organisms to live, as we saw with plants and hypotonic solutions, which keep them from wilting. This shows that each type of cell has evolved to be able to best keep its organism alive.  Thank you for listening to this episode of My AP Biology Thoughts. For more student-ran podcasts and digital content, make sure that you visit http://www.hvspn.com/ (www.hvspn.com). See you next time! Music Credits:“Ice Flow” Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Subscribe to our Podcasthttps://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/my-ap-biology-thoughts/id1549942575 (Apple Podcasts) https://open.spotify.com/show/1nH8Ft9c9f6dmo75V9imCk?si=IvI4iQV-SSaFb0ZmvTabxg (Spotify)...

My AP Biology Thoughts  Unit 2 Cell Structure and FunctionWelcome to My AP Biology Thoughts podcast, my name is Arthur Kim and I am your host for episode #62 called Unit 2 Cell Structure and Function: Osmotic Pressure of Plant Cells. Today we will be discussing osmosis and turgor pressure in plant cells and their effects. Segment 1: Introduction to osmotic pressure of plant cells. Osmotic and Turgor pressure are what allow plant cells to maintain their shape and form. Key terms: Osmotic Pressure: Pressure on the cell from the inside out as a result of water entering the cell via osmosis. Turgor pressure: The pressure of the cell membrane pressing against the cell wall as a result of the cell being full of water.   Plasmolysis: A plant cell collapsing as a result of losing too much water.   Isotonic solution: When there's an equal concentration of solute on both sides of a membrane. Hypotonic solution: When the concentration of solutes inside the cell is greater than on the outside. Hypertonic solution: When the concentration of solutes outside the cell is greater than on the inside.   Segment 2: More About Osmotic Pressure of plant cells The rigidity of the cell wall allows plant cells to survive in both isotonic and hypotonic solutions. In hypotonic solutions, the excess water results in Turgor pressure against the cell wall, but the cell wall does not give.   This enables the plant cell to become extremely rigid, giving the plant its structure.   In hypertonic solutions however, plant cells would lose water and therefore plasmolyze, killing the cells. Turgor pressure from osmosis prevents the cell from collapsing in on itself.   Segment 3: Connection to the Course The fact that cell walls are able to withhold Turgor pressure allows plant cells to store excess amounts of water. This poses a major evolutionary advantage because the plants that can survive through droughts will more likely produce offspring.   Thank you for listening to this episode of My AP Biology Thoughts. For more student-ran podcasts and digital content, make sure that you visit http://www.hvspn.com/ (www.hvspn.com). See you next time! Music Credits:“Ice Flow” Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Subscribe to our Podcasthttps://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/my-ap-biology-thoughts/id1549942575 (Apple Podcasts) https://open.spotify.com/show/1nH8Ft9c9f6dmo75V9imCk?si=IvI4iQV-SSaFb0ZmvTabxg (Spotify) https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5jYXB0aXZhdGUuZm0vbXlhcGJpb2xvZ3l0aG91Z2h0cw (Google Podcasts  ) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC07e_nBHLyc_nyvjF6z-DVg (YouTube)   Connect with us on Social MediaTwitterhttps://twitter.com/thehvspn ( )https://twitter.com/thehvspn (@thehvspn)

bengreenfieldfitness.com/quinton Robert Slovak is my go-to "guru" for all things water. He first joined me in the podcast "Water & Water Filtration: Everything You Need To Know About Water Filters, Alkaline Water, Structured Water, Hydrogen-Rich Water, Deuterium Depleted Water & Much More!" ...and then also in the podcast "Everything You Need To Know About How To Use Hydrogen Water: Timing, Dosing, Delivery Mechanisms, Hydrogen Tablets, Hydrogen Water Machines, Hydrogen Inhalers & Much More!" ...and now Robert is back for a three-peat to talk all things minerals, Quinton, advanced hydration methods, and beyond! Robert is a degreed mechanical, aeronautical, astronautical engineer best known for co-founding Water Factory Systems in the early 1970s. He and his brother were among the early developers of reverse osmosis (RO) technology and its many applications. Their successful innovations encompassed home and office RO drinking water systems, bottled water production, laboratory purification, hemodialysis, seawater desalination, microchip production, bottled water production, water vending, spot-free vehicle washing, and scores more. As a result of the rapid growth of RO applications, Robert’s ongoing seminars, and a best-selling industry book on the subject of point of use (POU) RO, he became a well-known figure in the water industry. Robert officially retired from the US water industry in 1996 and went on to bring his knowledge and experience to Brazil, Asia, and other international markets. He put together a team and published Agua Latino America to establish a legitimate water equipment and education infrastructure in Brazil and South America. His “students” continue to play a major role in Brazil’s water industry. In 2004, while in a remote location of Brazil, Robert became seriously ill and was introduced to an obscure 1897 medical discovery known as Original Quinton Marine Plasma (named after the famous revolutionary biologist René Quinton). Robert attributes his "jungle" survival to Quinton's remarkable healing properties. This ocean-harvested nutraceutical contains the entire Periodic Table of organo-complexed minerals and trace elements as well as essential and rare micronutrients and has been continuously produced for more than a century. Having been an avid student of health and nutrition science for decades, Robert recognized the remarkable history and efficacy of Quinton Marine Plasma in supporting a wide range of the most difficult health conditions and has distributed it to leading-edge clinics and health practitioners around the world since 2008. For the past nine years, Robert’s focus has been on bringing a new nutraceutical breakthrough called “Molecular Hydrogen” (H2) to medical professionals and health-minded consumers. This “smallest molecule in the Universe” has been overlooked for its remarkable health benefits until now. With more than 800 worldwide health studies on the subject, physicians, researchers, and clinicians have been proclaiming H2 as the most unique and versatile antioxidant and signaling molecule. In 2010, Robert co-developed a practical way for everyone to benefit from this discovery by creating the first reactive hydrogen tablet that infuses water with a supersaturated concentration of H2 gas. This proven nutraceutical is now in its 9th year of distribution in both professional medical and consumer markets. In 2011, Robert became a founding investor in the Quicksilver Scientific Corp., which was developing a groundbreaking new technology to deliver nutrients and nutraceuticals to the cells: nano-encapsulated liposomes. In just a few years, Quicksilver Scientific established its scientific dominance in this growing field and is currently expanding its product scope and global distribution. Recently, several of the key formulas offered by Quicksilver Scientific have become a cornerstone in the ongoing battle against the coronavirus. While attending medical and wellness conferences throughout North America, Robert recognized the persistent minefield of water-related misinformation encountered by doctors, patients, and consumers alike—that’s after spending nearly 50 years in the water technology industry. This unsettling experience soon turned into the motivation to do something about it and Water And Wellness was established in 2017. A team with more than 150 years of combined experience was assembled to create a product line of advanced POU and point of entry (POE) water treatment systems for health- and wellness-minded consumers. In addition, a line of synergistic water additives was formulated for the consumer market including Quinton and QuintEssential minerals & trace elements, Active pH Restore alkalizing mineral powder, Active H2 ULTRA molecular H2 tablets, and Active Ribose C high-bioavailability vitamin C. Recently, Robert’s 20-year interest in Deuterium Depleted Water (DDW) took a new direction forward. With the revival of Soviet-era research from the 1960s and recent announcements explaining the profound health benefits of DDW, Robert and his associate acted quickly in creating a new company, Litewater Scientific. Their strategy is to offer a more advanced and affordable brand of DDW for consumers and health practitioners. The Litewater brand of DDW is now available here in 1/2-liter (5 ppm) and 2-liter (10 ppm) bottles throughout North America. Robert continues to be a very active figure in the rapidly expanding role of water in the wellness and anti-aging community, making appearances and presentations worldwide. During this discussion, you'll discover: -Why hydrogen has been the biggest surprise of Robert's career...8:15 -How Chromium is used to stabilize blood sugar...13:45 -How Robert discovered the magic of Quinton minerals...18:10 -How Quinton is harvested...25:45 -Where in the ocean Quinton originates from...34:20 -Early proof of the efficacy of Quinton minerals...37:40 -How Quinton upset the pharmaceutical industry...43:00 -The effects of Quinton injected via muscle...46:50 -Benefits of consuming seawater in moderation...52:55 -The difference between isotonic and hypertonic Quinton...56:30 -Hacking the absorbability of Quinton with light, water vortices, etc....1:06:30 -And much more! Episode sponsors: -Spiritual Disciplines Journal -Kion Creatine -Paleovalley Beef Sticks-Ra Optics -Vuori Do you have questions, thoughts, or feedback for Robert Slovak or me? Leave your comments below and one of us will reply!

This week, the boys dive into the world of Wheat Beers as they taste the delights that Erdinger has to offer, both their Weissbier and Isotonic drink, in The Pursuit of Hoppiness. In the Hop Topic, we bring you the latest merger news involving Brixton Brewery and Heineken.Be sure to follow Erdinger

Hyponatremia, the most common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized patients, is also one of the most puzzling. There are dozens of common etiologies of hyponatremia, making it a condition for which having a diagnostic algorithm is crucial. In this episode, Andrew begins by defining hyponatremia and describing how it presents clinically. After explaining some normal physiology on osmolality and tonicity, he then jumps into the often-overlooked causes of hypertonic and isotonic hyponatremia, which are the first etiologies that should be ruled out before pursuing a larger workup. 

JAMA Pediatrics Editors’ Summary by Frederick Rivara, MD, MPH, Editor in Chief, and Dimitri Christakis, MD, MPH, Associate Editor, for the January 4, 2021 issue.

Episode 15 Holiday Gift Guide Minisode! Are you the runner, cyclist, triathlete in the family? Nobody knows what to get you and every year you dread the "what do you want for Xmas?" question? Do you like dad jokes too? Then this is the minisode you've been dreaming of! I'm here to help, with a curated list of gifts from one athlete to another that are perfect for this holiday season, plus a curated collection of dad jokes to help you with you upcoming awkward family or office zoom holiday party. Le Petit Velo - cycling kit, bibs, jerseys, wind vest, casual wear, duffle bags, cologne! The best kit I've ever worn.  Extremely stylish and superior quality stuff out of the south of France.Defeet- the best socks on earth!!!! arm/knee/leg warmers and the most versatile pair of gloves for working out. Headsweats- Neck gaiters (SNOODS!), race hats, face masks, etc. great for everyone.Bontrager - Flare R rear lightUSE Exposure - Trace R MK2 rear lightSidekick recovery tools- muscle scraper and Fuse vibrating rollerScience In Sport nutrition - Isotonic gels - get a variety pack to sample, my favorites are Tutti Frutti and Tropical flavors.Have a runner in the family? Shoe laces!!! The flat ones (unicorns, sprinkles, glitter, rainbows, etc. almost a guaranteed 2 seconds off their PR). Espresso cups or coffee mugs - we spend a lot of time drinking warm beverages and off our feet. Give us something to hold and think of you at the same time. Want to be the best gift giver in the history of gift giving?!? How about putting in an order for a custom English Cycles bicycle.......? Rothera cycling caps  - great for any cyclist or bike rider, made in US, the fit is amazing and the patterns are super fun.If you'd like to learn about and consider supporting my Olympic dream, here is the link to my GofundmeFollow and connect on Instagram @notlast_podcast #notlastpodcastSubscribe and tell your friends to find us on Spotify, Apple, Google, Amazon music & Stitcher podcasts.Artwork designed by Paige Anochibar, music generously permitted by Flamingosis.Support the show (https://www.paypal.com/donate?business=T66MET6QSFK72&no_recurring=0&item_name=Donate+to+my+Olympic+Dream¤cy_code=USD)

Learn about different fluids and their uses in a clinical setup; Isotonic, Hypertonic, and Hypotonic solutions. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/nclex-reviews/support

Working through our understanding between isometric, isotonic, isokinetic muscle activation patterns. We also briefly describe agonist, antagonist, and synergy. Any questions or suggestions, please email us at survivingptpodcast@gmail.com Alternating isometric and Rhythmic stabilization example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0vMLCLZlFc. Using these techniques to create dynamic stabilization: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VmgP7NyJTzA

Growing trend of natural sports drinks from USA to Australia - coconut water and fruit juice based with sea salt and honey with reduced sugar - good examples are USA based product like https://instagram.com/drinkkra?igshid=1768wl9mg6y8 and current imported to Australia https://instagram.com/roarorganicaustralia?igshid=13x0uempgm054 and a new product to be launched https://instagram.com/drinkbfitau?igshid=ks68fmnp7yma please watch this category

Crystalloids and colloids used in critically ill patients have different fluid composition. The composition may affect many things, including response to administration, clinical outcomes, and adverse effects. This talk with discuss the evidence behind the different types of fluids in critically ill patients, including a discussion of pros and cons of each fluid type.The session will be an interactive discussion led by investigators who have conducted randomized trials of different types of intravenous fluids.

#BorobudurMarathon2019 Radio Presented by ISOPLUS with Firman Dwi Rachmawan (Brand Manager ISOPLUS) and Riefa Istamar (Celebrity Coach)

Isotonic Drink – neutral or balanced. Fluids and electrolytes can move freely across the abdominal walls without requiring extra processing Hypertonic Drink – formulas more dense than normal blood causing the body to pull water into the abdomen to process Hypotonic Drink – are lower in electrolytes than the blood creating a movement of carbohydrates […] The post Isotonic Drinks – Cramping Science – 571 appeared first on The Sports Medicine Broadcast.

In this Audio Summary Erik gives an overview of the evidence around when to change fluid bags and IV sets. Read the full Knowledge Summary here. Audio Summaries are a free resource that enables vets and vet nurses to access and digest relevant and up-to-date evidence quicker and easier! A time-saving way to make better and faster evidence-based decisions.

European football journalist Andy Brassell joins us to discuss Prandelli’s appointment at Valencia, Monaco’s title credentials, the returning ultras at PSG and Mario Balotelli’s latest headline grabbing moment with Nice. Hosts Rob Daly and Chris Parrott also talk through Bayern dropping points at home to Cologne, Isotonic German beer, the Serie A title race, your tweets/rubens plus the must watch international games during the break

Have you ever been in any of these situations? ⇒   You have a stable child who just needs fluids, but no laboratory tests ⇒   You’ve tried PO hydration, to no avail, despite anti-emetics ⇒   You’re poking the stable, but dehydrated child repeatedly without success What now? Hypodermoclysis, otherwise known as subcutaneous rehydration. [Insert Player] Clysis comes from the same Greek word that “a flood” – hypodermoclysis refers to flooding the subcutaneous space with fluid, so that it can be absorbed systemically. Sound far-fetched? Well, it turns out, what is old is new again. In 1913, Dr Day first described this technique for a child with severe diarrhea who could not tolerate fluids by mouth. Hypodermoclysis then began to gain popularity with a peak of use in the 1940s, until an innovative breakthrough in 1950. Dr David Massa, a resident anesthesiologist at the Mayo clinic, invented the first catheter-over-needle apparatus. With increasing safety and ready access of IV catheters, IV quickly overshadowed SC. The subcutaneous route of hydration has also been used effectively in geriatric and palliative care for decades, and it is only now beginning to gain popularity again in its original population: children. So, how does it work? In a nutshell, you place a butterfly needle or angiocatheter in the subcutaneous space and you run fluids into it. The tissues quickly absorb the fluids, making them available systemically. That’s it. Everything else is just finesse. The ideal candidate for hypodermoclysis is the stable patient, with mild to moderate dehydration who fails a trial of fluids by mouth, or who needs a bridge to gaining IV access later, after a slow subcutaneous fluid bolus is given. Ok, so how do you do it? Place a topical anesthetic cream, such as EMLA, cover with occlusive dressing (IV dressing), wait 15-20 min "Pinch an inch" of skin anywhere, but the most practical site in young children is between the scapulae Insert a 25-gauge butterfly needle or 24-gauge angiocatheter (preferred by the author), secure Inject 150 U hyaluronidase SC, if available Infuse 20 mL/kg isotonic solution over one hour, repeat as needed or use "bolus" as bridge to IV access You can set the line to gravity, and if it is dripping in, you may leave it be. If you see a very slow drip by gravity, or worse, nothing is dripping, you can set the line on a pump, to deliver up to 20 mL/kg over an hour. Infusion at this rate optimizes the balance we want in minimal discomfort while maximizing the flow rate. This is not a “bolus” in the true sense – but then, when you compare it to the alternative – like IV therapy – and we see a time and cost savings.  Dr Mace and colleagues in the American Journal of Emergency Medicine report substantially decreased cost and ED length of stay when comparing the material and human resources needed to place an IV in a squirmy young child, compared with a simple subcutaneous stick. There will be swelling There will be swelling – that is the goal. It is really painless, and your patient may lie down on his back with the pump going – it is actually pretty comfortable for most children and adults to do. Here’s a tip – since there will be swelling, we want to be careful about how we secure the line, so how you tape it down to the skin is important – we want to avoid a pulling sensation, which can be the beginning of the end of the tolerance for the procedure.  Cover that with an occlusive dressing, as you would an IV site. The footprint of the occlusive dressing is relatively small, so it will travel up on top of the subcutaneous mound you’re creating. As the line exits the occlusive patch, place a thin layer of gauze between the skin and the IV tubing, so that the tubing doesn’t press into the skin. Then—as far away from the puncture site as possible—tape it down securely. The idea is not to tape on the growing mound itself, because the mound may pull at the anchored skin and set a nuclear chain reaction of annoyance and restlessness – and potentially a failed procedure. The swelling will look indurated, a pinkish red.  It’s not an allergic reaction: even with the old preparations of hyaluronidase, allergic reactions were rare, and now they are very rare with the recombinant preparation. It is supposed to swell and look ugly. The subcutaneous tissues will swell to a point where you have a steady state fluid administration rate, and as soon as you stop the infusion, the remaining fluid will start to subside as it is absorbed. A Bridge to IV Therapy? Kuensting et al. in the Journal of Emergency Nursing in 2013 compared subcutaneous fluid infusion with intravenous fluid infusion in children with difficult IV access. They found the mean time from order entry to subcutaneous fluid infusion to be 20 min, compared to the failed IV access group with an average infusion start time of 1.5 hours. The latter group eventually received subcutaneous fluids.  The investigators also found a shorter ED length of stay in the subcutaneous group. In the same study, a subgroup received subcutaneous fluids initially, and later an IV. They found a trend in ease of IV access after subcutaneous fluid therapy. In other words, if your little patient with difficult IV access is hemodynamically stable and amenable to a bolus over an hour, you may choose to start with hypodermoclysis and reevaluate. Predicting Difficult IV Access in Children Much has been studied and written about the predictors of difficult IV access in children. The most often cited are: age < 3 years, weight less than 5 kg, prematurity, obesity, and darker skin tones, where the contrast of vein to skin may not be so apparent. The three main predictors of the score validated by Riker et al. in Annals of Emergency Medicine include the most practical and universal of features: vein palpability, vein visibility, and patient age. If you’re anticipating difficult IV access in the child who can stand to wait an hour for a slow bolus, you may start with the subcutaneous route to get those veins plumper and more visible, to improve your chances of IV access in the very near future. Medications via Subcutaneous Route Certain medications have been used safely via subcutaneous infusion; always check dose, rate, and compatibility.   What about catheter size? You don’t need to use larger needles or angiocathters for older children, adolescents or adults. A 25-gauge butterfly or 24-gauge angiocatheter works well from an infant to an elder. In one study of adults, a half a liter of saline was infused by gravity via a 24-gauge catheter. With IVs, the shorter and larger the bore, the faster the infusion. In subcutaneous infusion, it is not the size of the catheter, but the osmotic gradient that determines the rate of absorption. What if I don't have that fancy hyaluronidase? It’s actually increasingly readily found – and available in generic form. If you have it, please use it – it will make a believer out of you and others. Hypodermoclysis will work without hyaluronidase – the process of subcutaneous rehydration just takes a lot longer to work. In a double-blind cross-over trial Thomas et al. in 2007 compared subcutaneous administration of lactated ringer’s solution by gravity with and without hyalurondase. The hyaluronidase group received their fluids 5 times faster. The average rate of the hyaluronidase group was 382 mL/h versus the fluid only group, who did not receive hyalurinodase; they were substantially slower, at 82 mL/h. It’s worth using if you have it, but still potentially useful if you don’t. Recap: Supplies √    EMLA or any topical anesthetic used for intact skin, placed as soon as the decision is made √    A 25-gauge butterfly needle or 24-gauge angiocatheter √    IV tubing, gauze to pad, tape to anchor √    150 U hyaluronidase, the same dose, regardless of age or size √    Isotonic fluids – you can start with 20 ml/kg √    And finally a well informed team made up by the patient, the parents, and your staff, so that everyone knows what to expect for a successful subcutaneous fluid administration. References Allen CH, Etzwiler LS, Miller MK, Maher G, Mace S, Hostetler MA, Smith SR, Reinhardt N, Hahn B, Harb G; INcreased Flow Utilizing Subcutaneously-Enabled Pediatric Rehydration Study Collaborative Research Group. Recombinant human hyaluronidase-enabled subcutaneous pediatric rehydration. Pediatrics. 2009 Nov;124(5):e858-67. Bruno VG. Hypodermoclysis: a literature review to assist in clinical practice. Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2015 Jan-Mar;13(1):122-8. Cabañero-Martínez MJ, Velasco-Álvarez ML, Ramos-Pichardo JD, Ruiz Miralles ML, Priego Valladares M4, Cabrero-García J. Perceptions of health professionals on subcutaneous hydration in palliative care: A qualitative study. Palliat Med. 2016 Jun;30(6):549-57. Kuensting LL. Comparing subcutaneous fluid infusion with intravenous fluid infusion in children. J Emerg Nurs. 2013 Jan;39(1):86-91. Mace SE, Harb G, Friend K, Turpin R, Armstrong EP, Lebel F. Cost-effectiveness of recombinant human hyaluronidase-facilitated subcutaneous versus intravenous rehydration in children with mild to moderate dehydration. Am J Emerg Med. 2013 Jun;31(6):928-34. O'Hanlon S, Sheahan P, McEneaney R. Severe hemorrhage from a hypodermoclysis site. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2009 Apr-May;26(2):135-6. Remington R, Hultman T. Hypodermoclysis to treat dehydration: a review of the evidence. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007 Dec;55(12):2051-5. Riker MW, Kennedy C, Winfrey BS, Yen K, Dowd MD. Validation and refinement of the difficult intravenous access score: a clinical prediction rule for identifying children with difficult intravenous access. Acad Emerg Med. 2011 Nov;18(11):1129-34. Rouhani S, Meloney L, Ahn R, Nelson BD, Burke TF. Alternative rehydration methods: a systematic review and lessons for resource-limited care. Pediatrics. 2011 Mar;127(3):e748-57. Smith LS. Hypodermoclysis with older adults. Nursing. 2014 Dec;44(12):66. Spandorfer PR. Subcutaneous rehydration: updating a traditional technique. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2011;27(3):230-6. Thomas JR, Yocum RC, Haller MF, von Gunten CF. Assessing the role of human recombinant hyaluronidase in gravity-driven subcutaneous hydration: the INFUSE-LR study. J Palliat Med. 2007 Dec;10(6):1312-20. Vacha ME et al. The Role of Subcutaneous Ketorolac for Pain Management. Hosp Pharm. 2015 Feb; 50(2): 108–112. Zaloga GP, Pontes-Arruda A, Dardaine-Giraud V, Constans T; Clinimix Subcutaneous Study Group. Safety and Efficacy of Subcutaneous Parenteral Nutrition in Older Patients: A Prospective Randomized Multicenter Clinical Trial. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2016 Feb 17. pii: 0148607116629790. [Epub ahead of print]   This post and podcast are dedicated to Christina L. Shenvi, MD, PhD, for her dedication to excellence in patient care and enthusiasm in #FOAMed, Emergency Medicine, and Geriatric Emergency Medicine.  There are many shared lessons learned in the care of children, elders, and families.  Thank you. Catch Dr Shenvi on the innovative GEMcast. Subcutaneous Infusion Powered by #FOAMed -- Tim Horeczko, MD, MSCR, FACEP, FAAP

This week we look what a certain Liverpool striker is doing to help make ends meet, ask if Louis Van Gaal is actually the wisest man in football and feel a little bit guilty about taking the p*** out of The Villa… Again. Pull on your club tracksuit, grab an Isotonic sports drink and stick your headphones in for a taste of football funny. On The Left Side is a Paint Your Headphones production and was written and produced by Jim Salveson and Ant McGinley in Manchester and Southampton. The show is recorded using a Blue Yeti Microphone, Tascam DR100 digital recorder, and edited using Adobe Audition Creative Cloud. The OTLS Theme Tune "Don't Care" is written and performed by Katalina Kicks. Other incidental music and sound effects appear courtesy of www.freesfx.co.uk If you want to get in touch or send us free stuff you can tweet us @ontheleftside follow our instagram @ontheleftsidepod

In this podcast Dr Nick Brown, global heath editor, talks to Dr Jess Morgan from Calderdale Royal Hospital, West Yorkshire and Dr Colin Powell from the Noah's Ark Childrens Hospital for Wales about the recent Archimedes question in ADC about intravenous maintenance fluids for children. This question, although not a global issue, is still a problem which affects many hospital doctors and the Archimedes article looks into hospitalised children requiring intravenous maintenance fluids (population), do isotonic solutions (intervention) compared with hypotonic solutions (comparison) reduce the risk of hyponatraemia (outcome)? Archidemes>> http://adc.bmj.com/content/100/7/715.full Editorial>> http://adc.bmj.com/content/early/2015/07/10/archdischild-2015-308858.full

July 25, 2013 Podcast: Is Resveratrol Really Bad For You, The Shocking Ingredients in Beer, Debunking The Magic of Vitamins And Supplements, How To Use Activated Charcoal, SweetBeat vs. InnerPeace, Is Your pH Too Low, The Difference Between TianChi and Inner Peace, What Are Isotonic Supplements, Are Male Pattern Baldness Drugs Healthy? Have a podcast question for Ben? Click the tab on the right, use the Contact button on the app, call 1-877-209-9439, Skype “pacificfit” or use the “” form... but be prepared to wait - we prioritize audio questions over text questions. ----------------------------------------------------- News Flashes: You can get these News Flashes hot off the presses if you follow Ben on , and . . ----------------------------------------------------- Special Announcements: The - is your portal to all of Ben's best fitness shows, special episodes, and videos in one convenient spot - including exclusive bonus content you won't get anywhere else except inside this app! 2013 Thailand Triathlon Adventure with Ben Greenfield - details at . Now including the pre-camp: It's a "high end" triathlon training resort. Brand new facilities - We're going to do coached sessions every day. It won't be hardcore training as much as a focus on learning about nutrition, training, fitness, and how to "get the edge" in endurance, life and health! Want to get into the Perfect Health Diet retreat in Austin, Texas? Ben Greenfield will be presenting at the February 6-March 6 retreat. September 10-12, 2013, Hilton London Metropole, London, UK - Join us for the premier global gathering of leaders of the triathlon business community. Enjoy three days of learning, networking and fun at the newly renovated Hilton London Metropole, conveniently located near the ITU World Championship activities in Hyde Park. If you're looking for a topic we covered in the past - we have released the Including: 1. The Benefits of Fish vs. Fish Oil 2. The Best Ways to Stop Hair Loss 3. Increase Your Hematocrit & Oxygen Levels 4. Strengthen Your Immune System & Shorten the Duration of a Cold 5. Top 10 Ways to Boost Libido 6. Get Rid of Migraines Naturally 7. Become a Curvaceous, Lean, Ripped Female Athlete Without Destroying Your Health 8. Stop Side Stitches as Fast as Possible 9. Is It Possible for a Vegan to Be a Healthy Endurance Athlete 10. How Much Water Do You Really Need to Drink Each Day And of course, this week's top iTunes review gets a care package straight from Ben - : ----------------------------------------------------- Listener Q&A: As compiled, edited and sometimes read by , the Ben Greenfield Fitness Podcast "sidekick". How To Use Activated Charcoal Heather says @ 00:30:20 She would like to know more about using charcoal to mitigate the damage caused by conventional meat and/or alcohol. Is it possible to take too much or take it too often? How does it know to only bind to toxins? Can it bind to good stuff as well? ~ In my response, I mention taking prior to any meals that contain potential toxins, such as meat, animal products from unknown sources, foods that tend to give you gas, etc. SweetBeat vs. InnerPeace Clay says @ 00:36:49 Can you compare and contrast the app and app? Is one better than the other? Which should he use? Is Your pH Too Low? Keith says @ 00:41:30 He is using litmus strips to test his PH and is wondering if 6.4 is too low. Is there any optimal level and should he be trying to raise his level? ~ In my reply I mention this The Difference Between TianChi and Inner Peace Craig says @ 00:49:45 He would like to know the difference between and . He is taking both and is wondering if that is necessary or should he just take one? What Are Isotonic Supplements? Erin says @ 00:58:41She is a registered dietitian who works in functional medicine and is wondering what you think of the Isotonic Supplements. She believes in a whole diet but is wondering if this might be of help to her clients. Are Male Pattern Baldness Drugs Healthy? John says @ 01:06:31 He took Propecia every day for 9 years until he found out that he had low testosterone and estradiol. He stopped taking it 2 years ago but is still concerned that he will have ongoing issues. Is there anything he should be doing to mitigate the damage Propecia caused. ~ In my response I mention: - (ideally test first) ~ 35IU/lb - – 2-5g/day + , 1-2T/day - (500-1000mg/day) -Brazil nuts (selenium) – 5-6/day (get raw from health food store and keep frozen) - – several 6-8oz servings/week -If you do not eat shellfish or use zinc regularly, also include 2-4 capsules per day (5 Alpha Reductase inhibitor + Zinc) And then use either: - – 3g/day (approx 1 teaspoon) combined with (aromatase inhibitor) – 1000-1500mg/day OR -5 day on/2 day off of herbal blend of tribulis, maca, nettle, fenugreek (recommend , or ) -- And don't forget to go to -- Prior to asking your question, do a search in upper right hand corner of this website for the keywords associated with your question. Many of the questions we receive have already been answered here at Ben Greenfield Fitness! Podcast music from 80s Fitness (Reso Remix) by KOAN Sound. !

Tech Trip Podcast 008 Featuring: Isotonic ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Isotonic aka Talal Wazeer was born and raised in Abu Dhabi but is originally from Yemen. Like any kid during the 90's Isotonic became infatuated with Hip Hop and how rhymes and verses were used to tell stories. He started with Progressive and Tech House but finally came full circle into Deep House. His earlier sets were quite deep but later he fell in love with a more vibrant, bumpy and playful sound. These days you can hear him play anything from RnB edits, NuDisco, UK Bass and Tech House in his sets. Isotonic was completely enamoured with Steve Lawler's Nubreed series, Danny Howell's Marathon sets and he is currently influenced by the sounds of Hector Couto and Rodriguez Jr. There is one common theme when you listen to him spin and thats a definite emphasis on groove. Currently trying to introduce the Halifax scene to his sound. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ If you like the podcast please share it and follow Isotonic on: Facebook: www.facebook.com/IsotonicSessions Soundcloud: @isotonicsessions (Tracklist) Twitter: twitter.com/TalalWazeer Beatport: dj.beatport.com/isotonic Tracklist: 1. Hero (Original Mix) - Soukie & Windish [URSL] 2. Beam Me Up (Original Mix) - Close feat. Charlene Soraia & Scuba [K7 Records] 3. Bringing You Down - Jonas Rathsman [French Express] 4. Feel So Free - Leftwing & Kody [Off Recordings] 5. Nobody Else - Dusky [Aus Music] 6. Kids Noiz - Cucumbers [SWMC] 7. These Days (Jimmy Edgar Implication) - Audiojack feat. Kevin Knapp [Gruuv] 8. Anthill (Giom Remix) - Supacooks [Loco Records] 9. Whoo (Original Mix) - Round Table Knights [Exploited] 10. Retrograde (Finn Pilly Edit) - James Blake [CDR] 11. Herz (Frankman Remix) - Marvin Zeyss [FM Digital] 12. How It Is (Original Mix) - J. Wiltshire [Hypercolour] Enjoy!

This podcast gives medical students an approach to identifying and correcting dehydration, plus calculating fluid requirements, in pediatric patients. It was written by Michelle Bischoff and Dr. Melanie Lewis. Michelle is a medical student at the University of Alberta and Dr. Lewis is a General Pediatrician and Associate Professor of Pediatrics at the Stollery Children’s Hospital and University of Alberta. These podcasts are designed to give medical students an overview of key topics in pediatrics. The audio versions are accessible on iTunes. You can find more great pediatrics content at www.pedscases.com .  Related Content: Case: Dehydration in an 18 month old male Case: Maintenance fluid requirements in a 3 year old female Case: Low grade fever and vomiting in a 6 year old girl Case: Hypokalemia in a 13 year old female  

Categorizing continuous variables arises as an important task in statistical analysis, especially in analyzing dose-response relationships. Creating meaningful groups of the predictor variables regarding the outcome variable is desirable in many settings, especially if the form of the relationship is unknown. However it is not always obvious how many groups should be build and where the cutpoints should be placed. Usually more than one explanatory variable has to be included in the analysis, and therefore one has to apply an appropriate statistical model. For this purpose we need a simple approach to model the data without many requirements. Another important issue in statistical analysis and especially in toxicology studies is proving a dose response relationship: increasing response probability with increasing predictor variable. This theses deals with cases where categorization of numerical or categorical predictor variables results as an effect of the dose-response relationship. Isotonic regression is an alternative proposal when one wishes to establish a dose-response relationship, categorize continuous variables and estimate threshold values. The only assumption for this approach is the monotonicity in the response variable. The isotonic regression summarizes the description of n observations to l categories (level sets or solution blocks) by automatically splitting the predictor in constant risk groups. The result is always a step function, and therefore the isotonic regression can be used to fit a changepoint model. The Pooled Adjacent Violators Algorithm (PAVA) is used to fit the data. In relation to model fitting and testing, some problems arise when the response is binary, and in the present work the difficulties are highlighted and some proposals to solve them are given. Regarding isotonic regression and binary response, the isotonic test for trend, the reduced isotonic model, multidimensional isotonic models and methods to assess threshold limit values are discussed. The isotonic framework provides a reliable test for trend which unlike other widely used tests (the Cochran-Armitage test for example) is independent of any monotonic transformation of the dose variable and does not assume a linear shape. However the proposed large sample approximation (a weighted chi-square distribution) does not hold when the overall response probability is less than 5% and thus exact methods are proposed in order to assess the correct p-value. In a simulation study it has been shown that the isotonic likelihood ratio test is more powerful than the Cochran-Armitage test, the Wilcoxon test and the Iso-chi-squared test. The model resulting from PAVA can become more parsimonious if the level sets which correspond to a non significant change for the response variable are eliminated. This model is called reduced isotonic regression. That can be accomplished by two means: a sequence of Fisher tests for the adjacent 2x2 tables or the application of a variation of a "closed testing" procedure. The correction for multiple comparisons is made for the first method by an a-priori estimation of the overall significance level in a permutation procedure. In the second method the control for the expense of the type I error is effected by the closure principal. To select between full isotonic and reduced model, a procedure based on parametric bootstrap is proposed. A simulation study proved that when the maximal coefficient of determination for the analyzed data set is at least 50% and the data can be represented by a step function, the reduced monotonic regression controls successfully the trade off between model complexity and goodness of fit. When more than one predictor is to be taken into account an additive isotonic model can be applied. Alternatively, an isotonic-surfaces model is proposed. This can be estimated by an iterative version of the Pooled Adjacent Violators Algorithm. The result is a sequence of surfaces which is monotonic in every dimension. This approach models interaction and categorizes the predictors in "multivariate" groups by combining them regarding restrictions to the outcome variable. This approach is very useful since, unlike the additive model, it can be easily combined with the reducing procedures to give a simple and interpretable model. However, for practical reasons a maximum of three predictors can be taken into account. A special aspect in analyzing dose-response relationships for a compound known to have harmful health effects, is to estimate a threshold limit value (TVL). On this regard a "hockey stick" threshold model is usually used. As alternative the use of a step function model by fitting the data using isotonic regression is proposed. A set of candidate threshold values is returned, and some threshold value estimation procedures are studied here. One of them starts from the isotonic model and applies the likelihood ratio test to detect the threshold value (method 1). Method 2 is based on the reduced isotonic regression. The performance of these two approaches is outlined in a simulation study under different scenarios and their properties are explored with categorical predictors. It is concluded that these methods possess a satisfactory power to reject the constant risk assumption, when a dose-response relationship exists as well as to estimate the actual threshold. Some limitations regarding the sample size and the force of trend are also discussed. A third method has also been presented. This modifies the closed testing procedure for the special case of thresholds, by setting one end of the regression line conditional to the other. All three threshold value estimation methods can be combined with the isotonic-surfaces model to provide thresholds, taking into account interactions between the predictor variables. The use of isotonic regression and its reduced version can also be extended to other settings. The capability of isotonic regression to be implemented in several models is outlined by describing how isotonic regression can model and test time-varying effects in Cox regression. The monotonic variation in the impact of a predictor included in the model during an observational period can be represented by a step function. An estimation of the time-dependent effect in the extended Cox model is presented based on isotonic regression framework. Smoothing the Schoenfeld residuals plotted against time applying PAVA, can reveal the changepoints without any a priori information about their location. The corresponding step function is then introduced in the model. The power of the Grambsch and Therneau test (which tests for time-variation in the effect of the predictors) can be improved if the isotonic transformation for the Schoenfeld residuals is used. Although this test appears to increase the type I error, its power is higher compared to conventional Grambsch and Therneau test and tests based on fractional polynomials. In summary it arises that isotonic framework is characterized by simplicity and stability. The main drawback underlying its application is the lack of asymptotic support in testing. This can make the use of isotonic models cumbersome since exact or bootstrap methods need to be used.

The paper introduces a simple model for repeated observations of an ordered categorical response variable which is isotonic over time. It is assumed that the measurements represent an irreversible process such that the response at time t is never lower than the response observed at the previous time point t-1. Observations of this type occur for example in treatment studies when improvement is measured on an ordinal scale. Since the response at time t depends on the previous outcome, the number of ordered response categories depends on the previous outcome leading to severe problems when simple threshold models for ordered data are used. In order to avoid these problems the isotonic sequential model is introduced. It accounts for the irreversible process by considering the binary transitions to higher scores and allows a parsimonious parameterization. It is shown how the model may easily be estimated by using existing software. Moreover, the model is extended to a random effects version which explicitly takes heterogeneity of individuals and potential correlations into account.

No abstract available!

This paper discusses marginal regression for repeated ordinal measurements that are isotonic over time. Such data are often observed in longitudinal studies on healing processes where, due to recovery, the status of patients only improves or stays the same. We show how this prior information can be used to construct appropriate and parsimoniously parametrized marginal models. As a second aspect, we also incorporate nonparametric fitting of covariate effects via a penalized quasi-likelihood or GEE approach. We illustrate our methods by an application to injuries from sporting activities.