Podcasts about United States Census

This Day in Legal History: 16th Amendment PassedOn July 12, 1909, Congress passed the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, marking a significant shift in the country's fiscal policy. This amendment granted Congress the authority to levy income taxes without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the United States Census. Prior to this amendment, the federal government primarily relied on tariffs and excise taxes for revenue, which were often seen as regressive and unfair to lower-income citizens.The push for the Sixteenth Amendment stemmed from the need for a more stable and equitable source of federal revenue. Advocates argued that an income tax would be a fairer method of taxation, ensuring that wealthier individuals contributed a larger share to the government's coffers. After its passage by Congress, the amendment was sent to the states for ratification.By February 3, 1913, the necessary three-fourths of the states had ratified the amendment, officially making it part of the Constitution. The ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment allowed for the creation of a progressive income tax system, which has since become a cornerstone of the federal government's revenue structure. This change enabled the federal government to fund essential services and public goods, shaping the modern American fiscal landscape.Donald Trump's lawyers argued that the conviction in his hush money trial should be overturned, citing improper use of evidence related to his presidential duties. The defense referred to a recent Supreme Court ruling on presidential immunity, asserting that Trump's official acts, including conversations with Hope Hicks and certain tweets, were wrongly presented to the jury. They claimed this constituted a constitutional error that invalidated the May 30 guilty verdict.Judge Juan Merchan delayed Trump's sentencing by two months to consider these arguments, while Manhattan prosecutors have until July 24 to respond. They previously dismissed Trump's claims as baseless but agreed to postpone sentencing. Legal experts suggest that overturning the conviction is unlikely, as much of the evidence pertains to Trump's actions before his presidency. The Supreme Court ruling cited by Trump's lawyers originated from another case involving his attempts to overturn the 2020 election results. This decision could also delay his trial on charges of mishandling classified documents. Trump, who denies the allegations, pled not guilty to all charges and plans to appeal the hush money case verdict. The next decision on his arguments is expected by September 6, with potential sentencing set for September 18.Trump Asks to Toss Hush Money Verdict Over Immunity Ruling (2)Trump lawyers invoke immunity ruling in bid to toss hush money verdict | ReutersOn July 11, 2024, a U.S. House committee voted to release a transcript from a March hearing on TikTok's potential threats to aid the Justice Department in defending a new law. This law, signed by President Biden in April, requires TikTok's Chinese owner, ByteDance, to divest its U.S. assets by January 19, 2025, or face a potential ban. TikTok, ByteDance, and a group of TikTok creators have filed lawsuits against the law.The Justice Department requested the transcript to strengthen its litigation position. Representative Cathy McMorris Rodgers stated that the intelligence community highlighted the dangers of foreign-controlled apps during the March hearing. Lawmakers do not plan to make the transcript public.Rodgers emphasized that China's refusal to relinquish control over such apps indicates malicious intent towards American users. TikTok argued that the legislation process was secretive and rushed. A U.S. court will hear oral arguments on the legal challenges on September 16, with the Justice Department responding by July 26.A previous attempt to ban TikTok by President Trump in 2020 was blocked by the courts. The March hearing revealed that TikTok's massive data collection and Chinese ownership pose significant national security risks, potentially allowing the Chinese government to access and control U.S. user data.TikTok crackdown law: US House seeks to boost DOJ defense | ReutersThe U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee narrowly rejected President Joe Biden's judicial nominee, U.S. Magistrate Judge Sarah Netburn, for a district court judge position. The vote was 10-11, with Senator Jon Ossoff breaking ranks with his fellow Democrats to join Republicans in opposition. This marks the first rejection of a Biden judicial nominee by the panel during his presidency. The controversy centered on Netburn's 2022 decision recommending the transfer of a transgender inmate convicted of child sex abuse to a women's prison, which Republicans argued compromised prison safety. Despite Netburn's rejection, the committee approved eight other nominees, including Embry Kidd for the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. Netburn and the White House did not comment on the decision, while Ossoff's spokesperson stated that the senator applied "rigorous and independent judgment."The debate highlighted concerns over Netburn's application of the Eighth Amendment in her ruling, which was later upheld by a district judge. Senator Dick Durbin defended Netburn, asserting that her decision adhered to the law and facts of the case.In a first, US Senate panel rejects Biden judicial nominee in New York | ReutersThis week's closing theme is by Gustav Mahler.Gustav Mahler, born on July 7, 1860, in Bohemia (now the Czech Republic), was an Austrian composer and conductor renowned for his symphonies and lieder. His works bridge the late-Romantic and early-modern eras of classical music, blending profound emotional depth with intricate orchestration. As a conductor, Mahler was celebrated for his interpretations of Wagner, Beethoven, and Mozart, serving in prestigious posts such as the Vienna Court Opera and the New York Philharmonic.Mahler's Symphony No. 5 in C-sharp minor, composed between 1901 and 1902, stands as one of his most celebrated works. The symphony is structured in five movements, each exploring a vast range of emotions and musical ideas. The first movement, "Trauermarsch" (Funeral March), opens the symphony with a solemn and powerful tone. This movement reflects Mahler's ability to convey profound sorrow and grandeur through his music. The "Trauermarsch" begins with a solo trumpet call, followed by a procession-like theme in the strings, evoking a sense of grief and mourning. This movement's intricate orchestration and dramatic contrasts showcase Mahler's skill in creating deeply moving and evocative music. Without further ado, this is "Symphony No. 5 in C-sharp minor – I. Trauermarsch." This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.minimumcomp.com/subscribe

Elizabeth Gabriel BrookeDuring graduate school in 1974, she went to Provincetown on a whim for New Year's. It turned into a wild and crazy weekend that included Grace Jones in concert.  Provincetown spoke to her then as it continues to do every day. She was determined to return for the summer, which she did. Since that time, she has never left except to travel. Over the next several decades, she wore many entrepreneurial hats with business startups, including kite store owner, printmaker, website and design firm owner, restauranteur, photo studio owner, press photographer, advertising marketing director, innkeeper, educator, nonprofit founder, therapy dog trainer, and boat captain. Her core interests are the welfare of animals and children, environmental preservation, and fine art & wildlife photography. She lives at Gabriel's, a Provincetown hotel that she has owned since 1979. They have luxury accommodations, consisting of four buildings, and are right in the center of town next to the park. Her wife, also named Elizabeth, runs the business now, so she is free and able to concentrate full-time on my photography. Visit Gabriel's at: www.gabriels.com ____________________________________________  As photographerAbout The Photographer:Photographer Elizabeth G. Brooke has made her home in Provincetown, MA, since 1974; her lifelong love of the sea and her seaside community is frequently evident in her images. However, she travels worldwide, always broadening her subject matter while using her technical skill and aesthetic vision. Publications: Massachusetts Audubon Society newsletter, Cape Cod Times, Boston Globe, Provincetown Magazine, Provincetown Independent, New York Times, South by Southeast Magazine, Shitzen Magazine, among others. Exhibits: Provincetown Art Association and Museum juried show, One woman show at The Commons in Provincetown, Cape Cod Creative Arts Center in Chatham, Columbia Arts Center in Maryland, Photoplace Gallery in Vermont, SE Center for PhotographyAwards: First Place Winner in Black and White category by Paper Arts Collective, Best in Show by Orleans Gallery of Photography, Jurors Award for Anamalia by Photoplace Gallery, Award in Group Show by Chatham Creative Arts Center, Leica Society Photo of the WeekHer 2021 book of Provincetown-based images, “The Lobstermen,” can be purchased online at https://www.blurb.com/b/10527651-the-lobstermenElizabeth describes looking through her lens and uniting with her subject without thinking, “change my f-stop, move right, left, up, down,” but rather sensing what will capture the raw quality and feel of the moment through creative intuition and sharing that through her images.Elizabeth holds a Master's degree from the University of Massachusetts/Amherst. She is married. You are invited to visit her website, here: https://www.elizabethgbrooke.com/Provincetown is a town located at the extreme tip of Cape Cod in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, in the United States. A small coastal resort town with a year-round population of 3,664 as of the 2020 United States Census, Provincetown has a summer population as high as 60,Support the showIf you enjoy these podcasts, please make a donation by clicking the coffee cup on any page of our website www.wheredogaysretire.com. Each cup of coffee costs $5 and goes towards bringing you these podcasts in the future.If you or you know someone who is interested in being a guest on the podcast, please contact me at mark@wheredogaysretire.com. Thank you so much for listening!

Video - https://youtu.be/fVoVaw5V95Q Hawley, PA is a borough on the Lackawaxen River in Wayne County, Pennsylvania. The borough's population was 1,229 at the time of the 2020 United States Census. If you're curious, the next town we'll explore is Milford, PA --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/norbert-gostischa/support

Historian Dr Charlene Fletcher comes to the podcast, with expertise in US History and a decade of experience working in the Criminal Justice system, to explore a case from Indiana's history with Hannah and Easton. The murder of Kent Brown in 1893 rocked the small town of Winchester, Indiana. His story since then has gone largely untold, join us as we finally tell it and explore what it says about the American Criminal Justice system past and present. Content warning: Themes of sex and violence may be disturbing and unsuitable for young audiences. Listener discretion advised.   Dr Charlene Fletcher: Her website: https://www.charlenejfletcher.com You can read a chapter of her work here: https://www.amazon.com/Slavery-Freedom-Bluegrass-State-Revisiting-ebook/ Keep an eye out for her upcoming book: Confined Femininity: Race, Gender, and Incarceration in Kentucky, 1865-1920 from University of North Carolina Press   Our Sources:  Brown, Kent, 1870 United States Census, Ancestry.com.  Brown, Kent, Indiana, U.S., Marriages, 1810-2001, 5 September 1867. Hiatt, Eleanora, 1900 United States Census, Ancestry.com. “Indiana Parole Board,” Indiana Department of Corrections, (2022) https://www.in.gov/idoc/parole-services/parole-board/  Margaret Colgate Love, “Indiana Restoration of Rights & Record Relief,” COLLATERAL CONSEQUENCES RESOURCE CENTER, (2020). https://ccresourcecenter.org/state-restoration-profiles/indiana-restoration-of-rights-pardon-expungement-sealing/  “Mollie Brown,” Indianapolis News (Indianapolis, IN), 7th December 1886. “Murder at Winchester,” Indianapolis News (Indianapolis, IN), 1st August, 1893, p. 2. http://genealogytrails.com/ind/randolph/stories_stormes_price_murdercase.html “New Barber,” Randolph Journal (Winchester, IN), Vol. 5, No. 17, 25 October 1866, p. 3. Segraves, Malissa, Indiana, U.S., Marriages, 1810-2001, Ancestry.com. Storms, Malissa, Indiana, U.S.,Death Certificates, 1899-2011, Ancestry.com. Price, Samuel, 1900 United States Census, Ancestry.com. Price, Samuel H., Indiana, U.S., Marriages, 1810-2001, Ancestry.com. Price, Elnora, Indiana, U.S., Death Certificates 1899-2011, Ancestry.com. “What is a “pardon” and does it get rid of my criminal record?”, The Legal Aid Society of Cleveland, (2022). https://lasclev.org/pardon/ 

www.themidnighttrainpodcast.com  www.patreon.com/accidentaldads Belle Sorenson Gunness was initially born as Brynhild Paulsdatter Størseth; November 11, 1859, Selbu, Norway – April 28, 1908?, Lwas a Norwegian-Americ Standing six feet tall (183 cm) and weighing over 200 pounds (91 kg), she was a massive, physically strong woman.   Early years   Gunness' origins are a matter of some debate. Most of her biographers state that she was born on November 11, 1859, near the lake of Selbu, Sør-Trøndelag, Norway, and christened Brynhild Paulsdatter Størset. Her parents were Paul Pedersen Størset (a stonemason) and Berit Olsdatter. She was the youngest of their eight children. They lived at Størsetgjerdet, a very small cotter's farm in Innbygda, 60 km southeast of Trondheim, the largest city in central Norway (Trøndelag).   An Irish TV documentary by Anne Berit Vestby aired on September 4, 2006, tells a common, but the unverified story about Gunness' early life. The story holds that, in 1877, Gunness attended a country dance while pregnant. There she was attacked by a man who kicked her in the abdomen, causing her to miscarry the child. The man, who came from a wealthy family, was never prosecuted by the Norwegian authorities. According to people who knew her, her personality changed substantially. The man who attacked her died shortly afterward. His cause of death was said to be stomach cancer. Growing up in poverty, Gunness took to milking and herding cattle the following year on a large, wealthy farm and served there for three years to pay for a trip across the Atlantic.   Following the example of a sister, Nellie Larson, who had emigrated to America earlier, Gunness moved to the United States in 1881 and assumed a more American-style name. Initially, In Chicago, while living with her sister and brother-in-law, she worked as a domestic servant, then got a job at a butcher's shop cutting up animal carcasses until her first marriage in 1884.   First Victim   In 1884, Gunness married Mads Ditlev Anton Sorenson in Chicago, Illinois, where, two years later, they opened a candy store. The business was unsuccessful, and the shop mysteriously burned down within a year. They collected the insurance, which paid for another home.   Some researchers tend to believe that the marriage to Sorenson produced no offspring. However, Neighbors gossiped about the babies since Belle never appeared to be pregnant. Other investigators report that the couple had four children: Caroline, Axel, Myrtle, and Lucy. Caroline and Axel died in infancy, allegedly of acute colitis. The symptoms of acute colitis — nausea, fever, diarrhea, and lower abdominal pain and cramping — are also symptoms of many forms of poisoning. Caroline's and Axel's lives were reportedly insured, and the insurance company paid.   A May 7, 1908 article in The New York Times states that two children belonging to Gunness and her husband Mads Sorensen were interred in her plot in Forest Home cemetery.   On June 13, 1900, Gunness and her family were counted on the United States Census in Chicago. The census recorded her as the mother of four children; only two were living: Myrtle A., 3, and Lucy B., 1. An adopted 10-year-old girl, possibly identified as Morgan Couch but later known as Jennie Olsen, was also counted in the household.   Sorenson died on July 30, 1900, reportedly the only day on which two life insurance policies on him overlapped. Both policies were active simultaneously, as one would expire that day, and the other would begin. The first doctor to see him thought he was suffering from strychnine poisoning. However, the Sorensons' family doctor had been treating him for an enlarged heart, and he concluded that heart failure caused death. An autopsy was considered unnecessary because the death was not thought suspicious. Sorenson died of cerebral hemorrhage that day. Gunness explained he had come home with a headache, and she provided him with quinine powder for the pain; she later checked on him, and he was dead.   She applied for the insurance money the day after her husband's funeral. Sorenson's relatives claimed Gunness had poisoned her husband to collect on the insurance. Surviving records suggest that an inquest was ordered. It is unclear, however, whether that investigation actually occurred or Sorenson's body was ever exhumed to check for arsenic, as his relatives demanded. The insurance companies awarded her $8,500 (about $299,838.51 in today's dollars), with which she bought a pig farm on the outskirts of La Porte, Indiana.   Suspicion of murder   In 1901, Gunness purchased a house on McClung Road. It's been reported that both the boat and carriage houses burned to the ground shortly after she acquired the property.   As she was preparing to move from Chicago to LaPorte, she became re-acquainted with a recent widower, Peter Gunness, also Norwegian-born. They were married in LaPorte on April 1, 1902; just one week after the ceremony, Peter's infant daughter died (of uncertain causes) while alone in the house with Belle. In December 1902, Peter himself met with a "tragic accident.” According to Belle, he reached for his slippers next to the kitchen stove when he was scalded with brine. She later declared that part of a sausage-grinding machine fell from a high shelf, causing a fatal head injury. A year later, Peter's brother, Gust, took Peter's older daughter, Swanhilde, to Wisconsin. She is the only child to have survived living with Belle.   Her husband's death netted Gunness another $3,000 (some sources say $4,000). Local people refused to believe that her husband could be so clumsy; he had run a hog farm on the property and was known to be an experienced butcher; the district coroner reviewed the case and unequivocally announced that he had been murdered. He convened a coroner's jury to look into the matter. Meanwhile, Jennie Olsen, then 14, was overheard confessing to a classmate: "My mama killed my papa. She hit him with a meat cleaver and he died. Don't tell a soul."   Jennie was brought before the coroner's jury but denied having said anything. Gunness, meanwhile, convinced the coroner that she was innocent of any wrongdoing. She did not mention that she was pregnant, which would have inspired sympathy, but in May 1903, a baby boy, Phillip, joined the family. In late 1906 Belle told neighbors that her foster daughter, Jennie Olsen, had gone away to a Lutheran College in Los Angeles (some neighbors were informed that it was a finishing school for young ladies). Jennie's body would later be recovered, buried on her adoptive mother's property.   Between 1903 and 1906, Belle continued to run her farm. In 1907 Gunness employed a single farm hand, Ray Lamphere, to help with chores.   The Suitors   Around the same time, Gunness inserted the following advertisement in the matrimonial columns of all the Chicago daily newspapers and those of other large midwestern cities:   “Personal — comely widow who owns a large farm in one of the finest districts in La Porte County, Indiana, desires to make the acquaintance of a gentleman equally well provided, with view of joining fortunes. No replies by letter considered unless sender is willing to follow answer with personal visit. Triflers need not apply.”   Several middle-aged men of means responded to Gunness' ads. One of her ads was answered by a Wisconsin farmhand, Henry Gurholt. After traveling to La Porte, Gurholt wrote his family, saying that he liked the farm, was in good health, and requested that they send him seed potatoes. When they failed to hear from him, the family contacted Gunness. She told them Gurholt had gone off with horse traders to Chicago. She kept his trunk and fur overcoat.   Another one was John Moe, who arrived from Elbow Lake, Minnesota. He had brought more than $1,000 with him to pay off her mortgage, or so he told neighbors, whom Gunness introduced him to as her cousin. He disappeared from her farm within a week of his arrival.  Although no one ever saw Moe again, a carpenter who did occasional work for Gunness observed that Moe's trunk remained in her house, along with more than a dozen others.   Next came George Anderson from Tarkio, Missouri, who, like Peter Gunness and John Moe, was an immigrant from Norway.   During dinner with Anderson, she raised the issue of her mortgage. Anderson agreed that he would pay the debt off if they decided to get hitched. Late that night, Anderson awoke to see her standing over him, holding a burning, almost spent candle in her hand and with a strange, sinister expression on her face. Without uttering a word, she ran from the room. Anderson fled from the house, soon taking a train to Missouri.   The suitors kept coming, but none of them, except for Anderson, ever left the Gunness farm. By this time, she had begun ordering massive trunks to be delivered to her home. Hack driver Clyde Sturgis delivered many of these trunks to her from La Porte. He later remarked how the heavyset woman would lift these enormous trunks "like boxes of marshmallows,” tossing them onto her broad shoulders and carrying them into the house. She kept the shutters of her house closed day and night; farmers traveling past the dwelling at night saw her digging in the hog pen.   Ole B. Budsberg, an elderly widower from Iola, Wisconsin, showed up next. He was last seen alive at the La Porte Savings Bank on April 6, 1907, when he mortgaged his Wisconsin land, signing a deed and obtaining several thousand dollars in cash. Ole B. Budsberg's sons, Oscar and Mathew Budsberg, had no idea that their father had gone off to visit Gunness. When they finally discovered his destination, they wrote to her; she promptly responded, saying she had never seen their father.   Several other middle-aged men appeared and disappeared in brief visits to the Gunness farm throughout 1907. Then, in December 1907, Andrew Helgelien, a bachelor farmer from Aberdeen, South Dakota, wrote to her and Belle was all about it. The pair exchanged many letters until a letter came that overwhelmed Helgelien, written in Gunness' careful handwriting and dated January 13, 1908. This letter was later found at the Helgelien farm. It read:   “To the Dearest Friend in the World: No woman in the world is happier than I am. I know that you are now to come to me and be my own. I can tell from your letters that you are the man I want. It does not take one long to tell when to like a person, and you I like better than anyone in the world, I know. Think how we will enjoy each other's company. You, the sweetest man in the whole world. We will be all alone with each other. Can you conceive of anything nicer? I think of you constantly. When I hear your name mentioned, and this is when one of the dear children speaks of you, or I hear myself humming it with the words of an old love song, it is beautiful music to my ears. My heart beats in wild rapture for you, My Andrew, I love you. Come prepared to stay forever.”   Yikes….   In response to her letter, Helgelien flew to her side in January 1908. He arrived with a check for $2,900, the entire savings he had drawn from his local bank. A few days after Helgelien arrived, he and Gunness appeared at the Savings Bank in La Porte and deposited the check. Helgelien vanished a few days later, but Gunness appeared at the Savings Bank to make a $500 deposit and another deposit of $700 in the State Bank. At this time, she started to have problems with her farmhand, Ray Lamphere.   In March 1908, Gunness sent several letters to a farmer and horse dealer in Topeka, Kansas named Lon Townsend, inviting him to visit her; he decided to put off the visit until spring and thus did not see her before a fire at her farm. Gunness was also in correspondence with a man from Arkansas and sent him a letter dated May 4, 1908. He would have visited her, but didn't because of the fire at her farm. Gunness allegedly promised marriage to a suitor Bert Albert, which did not go through because of his lack of wealth.   Turning Point   The hired hand Ray Lamphere was deeply in love with Gunness; he performed any chore for her, no matter how gruesome. He became jealous of the many men who arrived to court his employer and began making scenes. She fired him on February 3, 1908. Shortly after dispensing with Lamphere, she presented herself at the La Porte courthouse. She declared that her former employee was not in his right mind and was a menace to the public. She somehow convinced local authorities to hold a sanity hearing. Lamphere was pronounced sane and released. Gunness was back a few days later to complain to the sheriff that Lamphere had visited her farm and argued with her. She contended that he threatened her family and had Lamphere arrested for trespassing.   Lamphere returned again and again to see her, but she told him to kick rocks each time. Lamphere made thinly disguised threats. Like on one occasion, he confided to farmer William Slater, "Helgelien won't bother me no more. We fixed him for keeps." Helgelien had long since disappeared from the area, or so it was believed. However, his brother, Asle Helgelien, was disturbed when Andrew failed to return home and he wrote to Belle in Indiana, asking her about his sibling's whereabouts. Gunness wrote back, telling Asle Helgelien that his brother was not at her farm and probably went to Norway to visit relatives. Asle Helgelien said he did not believe his brother would do that. He believed his brother was still in the La Porte area, the last place he was seen or heard from. Gunness, being the ballsy bitch she was, told him that if he wanted to come and look for his brother, she would help conduct a search, but she cautioned him that searching for missing persons was an expensive proposition. If she were to be involved in such a manhunt, she stated, Asle Helgelien should be prepared to pay her for her efforts. Asle Helgelien did come to La Porte, but not until May.   Ray Lamphere represented an unresolved danger to Belle, and now Asle Helgelien was making inquiries that could very well send her to the gallows. She told a lawyer in La Porte, M.E. Leliter, that she feared for her life and her children's. Ray Lamphere, she said, had threatened to kill her and burn her house down. She wanted to make out a will just in case Lamphere followed through with his threats. Leliter, the attorney, complied and drew up her will. She left her entire estate to her children and left Leliter's office. She went to one of the La Porte banks holding the mortgage for her property and, not suspiciously at all, paid it off. However, she did not go to the police to tell them about Lamphere's allegedly life-threatening conduct. The reason for this, most historical, true crime nerds agree, was that there hadn't been any threats; she was merely setting the stage for her own arson. Joe Maxson, who had been hired to replace Ray Lamphere in February 1908, awoke in the early hours of April 28, 1908, smelling smoke in his room on the second floor of the Gunness house. He opened the hall door to a shit load of flames. Maxson screamed Gunness' name and those of her children but got no response. He slammed the door and then, in his tighty whiteys, leaped from the second-story window of his room, barely surviving the fire that was closing in around him. He raced to town to get help, but by the time the old-fashioned hook and ladder firetruck arrived at the farm at early dawn, the farmhouse was a big ol' pile of smoking ruins. Four bodies were found inside the house. One of the bodies was that of a woman who could not immediately be identified as Gunness, since she had been decapitated. The head was never found. The bodies of her children were found still in their beds. County Sheriff Smutzer had somehow heard about Lamphere's alleged threats, so he took one look at the carnage and quickly went after the former handyman. Attorney Leliter came forward to recount his tale about Gunness' will and how she feared Lamphere would kill her and her family and, coincidentally, burn her house down.   Lamphere reeeeeally didn't help his own cause. The moment Sheriff Smutzer confronted him and before the lawman uttered a word, Lamphere exclaimed, "Did Widow Gunness and the kids get out all right?" He was then told about the fire, but he denied having anything to do with it, claiming that he was not near the farm when the blaze occurred. A young lil dude, John Solyem, was brought forward. He said he was watching the Gunness place and saw Lamphere running down the road from the Gunness house just before the structure erupted in flames. Lamphere snorted to the boy: "You wouldn't look me in the eye and say that!"   "Yes, I will,” replied Solyem. "You found me hiding behind the bushes and you told me you'd kill me if I didn't get out of there." Lamphere was arrested and charged with murder and arson. Then scores of investigators, sheriff's deputies, coroner's men, and many volunteers began to search the ruins for evidence.   The headless woman's body was a massive concern to La Porte residents. C. Christofferson, a neighboring farmer, looked at the charred remains of this body and said that it was not the remains of Belle Gunness. As did another farmer, L. Nicholson, and so did Mrs. Austin Cutler, an old friend of Gunness. More of Gunness' old friends, Mrs. May Olander and Mr. Sigward Olsen, arrived from Chicago. They examined the remains of the headless woman and said it was't Belle Gunness.   Doctors then measured the remains and, making allowances for the body's missing neck and head, stated the corpse was that of a woman who stood five feet three inches tall and weighed no more than 150 pounds. Friends and neighbors, as well as the La Porte dressmakers who made her dresses and other garments, swore that Gunness was taller than 5'8" and weighed between 180 and 200 pounds. Remember, she was a large woman who could toss around clothing trunks like they were frisbees. Detailed measurements of the body were compared with those on file with several La Porte stores where she purchased her apparel.   When the two sets of measurements were compared, the authorities concluded that the headless woman could not possibly have been Belle Gunness, even when the ravages of the fire on the body were considered. (The flesh was severely burned but intact). Moreover, Dr. J. Meyers examined the internal organs of the dead woman. He sent the stomach contents of the victims to a pathologist in Chicago, who reported months later that the organs contained lethal doses of (dun dun dunnnn)...strychnine. Gunness' dentist, Dr. Ira P. Norton, said that if the teeth/dental work of the headless corpse had been located, he could definitely ascertain if it was, for sure, Belle Gunness. Enter Louis "Klondike" Schultz, a former miner, who was hired to build a sluice and begin sifting the debris (as more bodies were unearthed, the sluice was used to isolate human remains on a larger scale). What the flying FUCK is a sluice you may be asking your obviously intelligent self. Well, it's a sliding gate or other devices for controlling the flow of water, especially one in a locked gate. On May 19, 1908, a piece of bridgework was found consisting of two human, canine teeth, their roots still attached, porcelain teeth and gold crown work in between. Norton, her dentists, identified them as work done for Gunness. As a result, Coroner Charles Mack officially concluded that the adult female body discovered in the burned debris was Belle Gunness. Even though NOTHING ELSE LINES UP.   Asle Helgelien arrived in La Porte and told Sheriff Smutzer that he believed his brother had met with foul play at Gunness' hands. Then, the new farmhand, Joe Maxson came forward with information that could not be ignored: He told the Sheriff that Gunness had ordered him to bring loads of dirt by wheelbarrow to a large area surrounded by a high wire fence where the hogs were fed. Maxson said that there were many deep depressions in the ground that had been covered by dirt. These filled-in holes, Gunness had told Maxson, were nothing but garbage. She wanted the ground made level, so he filled in the depressions.   Sheriff Smutzer took a dozen men back to the farm and began to dig. On May 3, 1908, the diggers unearthed the body of Belle's stepdaughter, Jennie Olson (who vanished in December 1906). Then they found the small bodies of two unidentified children. Subsequently, the body of Andrew Helgelien was unearthed (his overcoat was found to be worn by Ray Lamphere). As days progressed and the gruesome work continued, one body after another was discovered in Gunness' hog pen:    So, let's run through these poor, unfortunate souls.   Ole B. Budsberg of Iola, Wisconsin, (vanished May 1907);   Thomas Lindboe, who had left Chicago and had gone to work as a hired man for Gunness three years earlier;   Henry Gurholdt of Scandinavia, Wisconsin, who had gone to wed her a year earlier, taking $1,500 to her; a watch corresponding to one belonging to Gurholdt was found with a body;   Olaf Svenherud, from Chicago;   John Moe of Elbow Lake, Minnesota; his watch was found in Lamphere's possession;   Olaf Lindbloom, age 35 from Wisconsin.   Reports of other possible victims began to come in:   William Mingay, a coachman of New York City, who had left that city on April 1, 1904;   Herman Konitzer of Chicago who disappeared in January 1906;   Charles Edman of New Carlisle, Indiana;   George Berry of Tuscola, Illinois;   Christie Hilkven of Dovre, Barron County, Wisconsin, who sold his farm and came to La Porte in 1906;   Chares Neiburg, a 28-year-old Scandinavian immigrant who lived in Philadelphia, told friends that he was going to visit Gunness in June 1906 and never came back — he had been working for a saloon keeper and took $500 with him;   John H. McJunkin of Coraopolis (near Pittsburgh) left his wife in December 1906 after corresponding with a La Porte woman;   Olaf Jensen, a Norwegian immigrant of Carroll, Indiana, wrote his relatives in 1906 he was going to marry a wealthy widow at La Porte;   Henry Bizge of La Porte who disappeared June 1906 and his hired man named Edward Canary of Pink Lake Ill who also vanished 1906;   Bert Chase of Mishawaka, Indiana sold his butcher shop and told friends of a wealthy widow and that he was going to look her up; his brother received a telegram supposedly from Aberdeen, South Dakota claiming Bert had been killed in a train wreck; his brother investigated and found the telegram was fictitious;   Tonnes Peterson Lien of Rushford, Minnesota, is alleged to have disappeared April 2, 1907;   A gold ring marked "S.B. May 28, 1907" was found in the ruins;   A hired man named George Bradley of Tuscola, Illinois is alleged to have gone to La Porte to meet a widow and three children in October 1907;   T.J. Tiefland of Minneapolis is alleged to have come to see Gunness in 1907;   Frank Riedinger a farmer of Waukesha, Wisconsin, came to Indiana in 1907 to marry and never returned;   Emil Tell, a Swede from Kansas City, Missouri, is alleged to have gone in 1907 to La Porte;   Lee Porter of Bartonville, Oklahoma separated from his wife and told his brother he was going to marry a wealthy widow at La Porte;   John E. Hunter left Duquesne, Pennsylvania, on November 25, 1907 after telling his daughters he was going to marry a wealthy widow in Northern Indiana.   Two other Pennsylvanians — George Williams of Wapawallopen and Ludwig Stoll of Mount Yeager — also left their homes to marry in the West.   Abraham Phillips, a railway man of Burlington, West Virginia, left in the winter of 1907 to go to Northern Indiana and marry a rich widow — a railway watch was found in the debris of the house.   Benjamin Carling of Chicago, Illinois, was last seen by his wife in 1907 after telling her that he was going to La Porte to secure an investment with a wealthy widow; he brought $1,000 from an insurance company and borrowed money from several investors as well; in June 1908 his widow was able to identify his remains from La Porte's Pauper's cemetery by the contour of his skull and three missing teeth; $1000 at that time is approximately $31,522.45 today.   Aug. Gunderson of Green Lake, Wisconsin;   Ole Oleson of Battle Creek, Michigan;   Lindner Nikkelsen of Huron, South Dakota;   Andrew Anderson of Lawrence, Kansas;   Johann Sorensen of St. Joseph, Missouri;   A possible victim was a man named Hinkley;   Reported unnamed victims were:   a daughter of Mrs. H. Whitzer of Toledo, Ohio, who had attended Indiana University near La Porte in 1902;   an unknown man and woman are alleged to have disappeared in September 1906, the same night Jennie Olson went missing. Gunness claimed they were a Los Angeles "professor" and his wife who had taken Jennie to California;   a brother of Miss Jennie Graham of Waukesha, Wisconsin, who had left her to marry a rich widow in La Porte but vanished;   a hired man from Ohio age 50 name unknown is alleged to have disappeared and Gunness became the "heir" to his horse and buggy;   an unnamed man from Montana told people at a resort he was going to sell Gunness his horse and buggy, which were found with several other horses and buggies at the farm.   Most of the remains found on the property could not be identified. Because of the crude recovery methods, the number of individuals unearthed on the Gunness farm is unknown but is believed to be approximately twelve. On May 19, 1908, the remains of approximately seven unknown victims were buried in two coffins in unmarked graves in the pauper's section of LaPorte's Pine Lake Cemetery. Andrew Helgelien and Jennie Olson are buried in La Porte's Patton Cemetery, near Peter Gunness.   So, here's the even MORE fucked up part… if it's possible.   Ray Lamphere was arrested on May 22, 1908, and tried for murder and arson. He denied the charges of arson and murder that were filed against him. His defense hinged on the assertion that the body was not that of that big ol' girl, Belle Gunness.   Lamphere's lawyer, Wirt Worden, developed evidence that contradicted Norton's identification of the teeth and bridgework. A local jeweler testified that though the gold in the bridgework had emerged from the fire almost undamaged, the fierce heat of the fire had melted the gold plating on several watches and items of gold jewelry. Local doctors replicated the fire conditions by attaching a similar dental bridgework to a human jawbone and placing it in a blacksmith's forge. The natural teeth crumbled and disintegrated; the porcelain teeth came out pocked and pitted, and the gold parts melted (both the artificial elements were damaged to a greater degree than those in the bridgework offered as evidence of Gunness' identity). The hired hand Joe Maxson and another man also testified that they'd seen "Klondike" Schultz take the bridgework out of his pocket and plant it just before it was "discovered.” Lamphere was found guilty of arson but acquitted of murder. On November 26, 1908, he was sentenced to 20 years in State Prison (in Michigan City). He died of tuberculosis the next year on December 30, 1909.   On January 14, 1910, the Rev. E. A. Schell came forward with a confession that Lamphere was said to have made to him while the clergyman was comforting the dying man. In it, Lamphere revealed Gunness' crimes and swore that she was still alive. Lamphere had stated to the Reverend Schell and a fellow convict, Harry Meyers, shortly before his death that he had not murdered anyone but had helped Gunness bury many of her victims. When a victim arrived, she made him comfortable, charming him and cooking a large meal. She then drugged his coffee, and when the man was all fucked up, she split his head with a meat chopper. Sometimes she would simply wait for the suitor to go to bed and then enter the bedroom by candlelight and chloroform the hapless sap. A powerful woman, Gunness would then carry the body to the basement, place it on a table, and dissect it. She then bundled the remains and buried these in the hog pen and on the grounds around the house. Thanks to her second husband's instruction, Peter Gunness, the butcher, Belle had become an expert at dissection. To save time, she sometimes poisoned her victims' coffee with strychnine. (Um… the first husband) She also varied her disposal methods, sometimes dumping the corpse into the hog-scalding vat and covering the remains with quicklime. Lamphere even stated that if Belle was overly tired after murdering one of her victims, she merely chopped up the remains and, in the middle of the night, stepped into her hog pen and fed the remains to the hogs.   Lamphere also cleared up the mysterious question of the headless female corpse found in Gunness's home's smoking remains. Gunness had lured this woman from Chicago on the pretense of hiring her as a housekeeper only days before she decided to make her permanent escape from La Porte. Gunness, according to Lamphere, had drugged the woman, then bashed in her head and decapitated the body, taking the head, which had weights tied to it, to a swamp where she threw it into deep water. Then, she chloroformed her children, smothered them to death, and dragged their small bodies, along with the headless corpse, to the basement.   She dressed the female corpse in her old clothing, and removed her false teeth, placing these beside the headless corpse to assure it being identified as Belle Gunness. She then torched the house and fled. Lamphere had helped her, he admitted, but she didn't take off by the road where he waited for her after the fire had been set. She had betrayed her one-time partner in crime in the end by cutting across open fields and then disappearing into the woods. Some accounts suggest that Lamphere admitted that he took her to Stillwell (a town about nine miles from La Porte) and saw her off on a train to Chicago.   Lamphere said that Gunness was a rich woman, that she had murdered 42 men by his count, and maybe more, and had taken amounts from them ranging from $1,000 to $32,000. She had allegedly accumulated more than $250,000 through her murder schemes over the years—a considerable fortune for those days (about 10 million dollars, today). She had a small amount remaining in one of her savings accounts, but local banks later admitted that she had withdrawn most of her money shortly before the fire. Gunness withdrawing most of her money suggested that she was planning to evade the law. Gunness was, for several decades, allegedly seen or sighted in cities and towns throughout the United States. Friends, acquaintances, and amateur detectives apparently spotted her on the streets of Chicago, San Francisco, New York, and Los Angeles. As late as 1931, Gunness was reported alive and living in a Mississippi town, where she supposedly owned a great deal of property and lived the life of a respected woman. Sheriff Smutzer, for more than 20 years, received an average of two reports a month. She became part of American criminal folklore, a female Sasquatch, if you will.   Gunness's three children's bodies were found in the home's wreckage, but the headless adult female corpse found with them was never positively identified. Gunness' true fate is unknown; La Porte residents were divided between believing that Lamphere killed her and that she had faked her own death. In 1931, a woman known as "Esther Carlson" was arrested in Los Angeles for poisoning August Lindstrom for money. Two people who had known Gunness claimed to recognize her from photographs, but the identification was never proved. Carlson died while awaiting trial.   So, what the fuck happened to “Hell's Belle”??   The body believed to be that of Belle Gunness was buried next to her first husband at Forest Home Cemetery in Forest Park, Illinois.   On November 5, 2007, with the permission of descendants of Belle's sister, the headless body was exhumed from Gunness' grave in Forest Home Cemetery by a team of forensic anthropologists and graduate students from the University of Indianapolis to learn her true identity. It was initially hoped that a sealed envelope flap on a letter found at the victim's farm would contain enough DNA to be compared to that of the body. Unfortunately, there was not enough DNA, so efforts continue to find a reliable source for comparison purposes, including the disinterment of other bodies and contact with known living relatives.   As far as we know… Belle Gunness, the wicked Norwegian bitch… got away with So. Many. Murders… including her own.   Movies   https://deluxevideoonline.org/our-tens-list-faked-deaths-in-movies/

In this story, two children are abandoned by their father after he remarries. During their travels, the younger brother drinks from a puddle and is changed into a sheep. The maiden then meets a fairy, gets special golden powers, and things go one part Cinderella and one part Jonah and the whale from there. Will there be a happily ever after? Source: The Golden Maiden and other folk tales and fairy stories told in Armenia by A. G. Seklemian 1898 Narrator: Dustin Steichmann Sound FX: Khasaut river by roumahum on freesound.org Music: Աննա Վաչագանի Հովհաննիսյան Մարալի Anna Vachagani Hovhannisyan Marali by Anna-Blul- Hovhannisyan Podcast Shoutout: Let's Start a Cult Listener Shoutout: Ashburn Virginia Ashburn is a census-designated place (CDP) in Loudoun County, Virginia, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, its population was 43,511,[4] up from 3,393 twenty years earlier. It is 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Washington, D.C., and part of the Washington metropolitan area. from Wikipedia "armenia" by Retlaw Snellac Photography is licensed under CC BY 2.0. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/sandman-stories/message

Today's Flashback Friday is from episode 281 released last October 9, 2012. Jason Hartman has his mom back on the show to discuss her DIY property management/self-management strategies and one of her tenants who has occupying a property for 23 years - no vacancy! Then Jason interviews his Birmingham, Alabama Local Market Specialist (LMS) and talks to a caller/listener with some good real estate investing questions. Here's an excerpt from Wikipedia on this market: Birmingham is the largest city in Alabama. The city is the county seat of Jefferson County. The city's population was 212,237 according to the 2010 United States Census. The Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Area had a population of about 1,128,047 according to the 2010 Census, which is approximately one-quarter of Alabama's population. Birmingham was founded in 1871, during the post-Civil War Reconstruction period, through the merger of three pre-existing farm towns, notably, former Elyton. It grew from there, annexing many more of its smaller neighbors, into an industrial and railroad transportation center with a focus on mining, the iron and steel industry, and railroading. Birmingham was named for Birmingham, one of the major industrial cities of the United Kingdom. Many, if not most, of the original settlers who founded Birmingham were of English ancestry. In one writer's view, the city was planned as a place where cheap, non-unionized, and African-American labor from rural Alabama could be employed in the city's steel mills and blast furnaces, giving it a competitive advantage over industrial cities in the Midwest and Northeast. From its founding through the end of the 1960s, Birmingham was a primary industrial center of the South. The pace of Birmingham's growth during the period from 1881 through 1920 earned its nicknames The Magic City andThe Pittsburgh of the South. Much like Pittsburgh, Birmingham's major industries were iron and steel production, plus a major component of the railroading industry, where rails and railroad cars were both manufactured in Birmingham. In the field of railroading, the two primary hubs of railroading in the Deep South were nearby Atlanta and Birmingham, beginning in the 1860s and continuing through to the present day. The economy diversified during the later half of the twentieth century. Though the manufacturing industry maintains a strong presence in Birmingham, other businesses and industries such as banking, telecommunications, transportation, electrical power transmission, medical care, college education, and insurance have risen in stature. Mining in the Birmingham area is no longer a major industry with the exception of coal mining. Birmingham ranks as one of the most important business centers in the Southeastern United States and is also one of the largest banking centers in the United States. In addition, the Birmingham area serves as headquarters to one Fortune 500 company:Regions Financial. Five Fortune 1000 companies are headquartered in Birmingham. In the field of college and university education, Birmingham has been the location of the University of Alabama School of Medicine (formerly known as the Medical College of Alabama) and the University of Alabama School of Dentistry since 1947, and since that time, it has also become provided with the University of Alabama at Birmingham (founded circa 1969), one of three main campuses of the University of Alabama, and also with the private Birmingham-Southern College. Between these two universities and Samford University, the Birmingham area has major colleges of medicine, dentistry, optometry, pharmacy, law, engineering, and nursing. Birmingham is home to three of the state's five law schools: Cumberland School of Law, Birmingham School of Law, and Miles Law School. Birmingham is also the headquarters of the Southeastern Conference, one of the major U.S. collegiate athletic conferences.     Follow Jason on TWITTER, INSTAGRAM & LINKEDIN   https://twitter.com/JasonHartmanROI https://www.instagram.com/jasonhartman1/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasonhartmaninvestor/ Learn More: https://www.jasonhartman.com/   Get wholesale real estate deals for investment or build a great business – Free course: JasonHartman.com/Deals Free White Paper on The Hartman Comparison Index™:  https://www.hartmanindex.com/white-paper   Free Report on Pandemic Investing: https://www.PandemicInvesting.com   Jason's TV Clips: https://vimeo.com/549444172 Free Class: CYA Protect Your Assets, Save Taxes & Estate Planning: http://JasonHartman.com/Protect Special Offer from Ron LeGrand:  https://JasonHartman.com/Ron What do Jason's clients say?  http://JasonHartmanTestimonials.com Contact our Investment Counselors at: www.JasonHartman.com Watch, subscribe and comment on Jason's videos on his official YouTube channel: YouTube.com/c/JasonHartmanRealEstate/videos Guided Visualization for Investors: JasonHartman.com/visualization Jason's videos in his other sites: JasonHartman.com/Rumble JasonHartman.com/Bitchute JasonHartman.com/Odysee Jason Hartman Extra: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0qQ…   Real Estate News and Technology: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPSy…

The story of a ghostly encounter between the woodcutter Minokichi and a snow white lady. Minokichi's life is spared, but he must never tell the story of seeing her. Can he keep his promise? Source: KWAIDAN: Stories and Studies of Strange Things by Lafcadio Hearn Narrator: Dustin Steichmann Sound FX: Wind blowing » wind-noise.wav by jorge0000 on Freesound.org Music: Japanese Communities - Nenbutsu ceremony - part 1 by https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Japanese_Communities Nenbutsu ceremony - part 1 by Japanese Communities is licensed under a Attribution-Noncommercial-NoDerivatives 2.0 France License. Podcast Shoutout: Driving with Randy Every Friday, ride passenger with your host Road Rage Randy. He's your average Joe trying to make it in the world of podcasting. Starting from scratch with a terrible mic and a terrible idea. Have a listen to a plethora of his personal anecdotes while being interrupted with commentary of his nightly commute. Listener Shoutout: Pleasantville is a city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 20,249, reflecting an increase of 1,237 (+6.5%) from the 19,012 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 2,985 (+18.6%) from the 16,027 counted in the 1990 Census. Via Wikipedia --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/sandman-stories/message

United States Census will be available to the public on April 1, 2022, depending on COVID affects on the work. Old Christmas, 12th night, George and Martha Washington's anniversary.  Old Christmas Quince episode Smithsonian Crossroads Exhibit Meadows of Dan Website Cascade Blanket Knit-a-long Bill Withers, Grandma's Hands

Hello everyone, welcome to The Arab-American. In this episode I would like to briefly talk discuss the essence of the show and dive into our first topic, why Arab-Americans are considered White on the United States Census. Please don't forget to leave a review and to share.

Slavery and The PlantationSugar plantation in the British colony of Antigua, 1823Planters embraced the use of slaves mainly because indentured labor became expensive. Some indentured servants were also leaving to start their own farms as land was widely available. Colonists tried to use Native Americans for labor, but they were susceptible to European diseases and died in large numbers. The plantation owners then turned to enslaved Africans for labor. In 1665, there were fewer than 500 Africans in Virginia but by 1750, 85 percent of the 235,000 slaves lived in the Southern colonies, Virginia included. Africans made up 40 percent of the South's population.According to the 1840 United States Census, one out of every four families in Virginia owned slaves. There were over 100 plantation owners who owned over 100 slaves.The number of slaves in the 15 States was just shy of 4 million in a total population 12.4 million and the percentage was 32% of the population.Number of slaves in the Lower South: 2,312,352 (47% of total population) 4,919 million.Number of slaves in the Upper South: 1,208,758 (29% of total population) 4,165 million.Number of slaves in the Border States: 432,586 (13% of total population) 3,323 million.Fewer than one-third of Southern families owned slaves at the peak of slavery prior to the Civil War. In Mississippi and South Carolina the figure approached one half. The total number of slave owners was 385,000 (including, in Louisiana, some free African Americans), amounting to approximately 3.8% of the Southern and Border states population.Tobacco fieldOn a plantation with more than 100 slaves, the capital value of the slaves was greater than the capital value of the land and farming implements. The first plantations occurred in the Caribbean islands, particularly, in the West Indies on the island of Hispaniola, where it was initiated by the Spaniards in the early 16th century. The plantation system was based on slave labor and it was marked by inhumane methods of exploitation. After being established in the Caribbean islands, the plantation system spread during the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries to European colonies in the Americas and Asia. All the plantation system had a form of slavery in its establishment, slaves were initially forced to be labors to the plantation system, these slaves were primarily native Indians, but the system was later extended to include slaves shipped from Africa. Indeed, the progress of the plantation system was accompanied by the rapid growth of the slave trade. The plantation system peaked in the first half of the 18th century, but later on, during the middle of 19th century, there was a significant increase in demand for cotton from European countries, which means there was a need for expanding the plantation in the southern parts of United States. This made the plantation system reach a profound crisis, until it was changed from being forcing slave labour to being mainly low-paid wage labors who contained a smaller proportion of forced labour. The monopolies were insured high profits from the sale of plantation products by having cheap labours, forced recruitment, peonage and debt servitude.

Slavery and The PlantationSugar plantation in the British colony of Antigua, 1823Planters embraced the use of slaves mainly because indentured labor became expensive. Some indentured servants were also leaving to start their own farms as land was widely available. Colonists tried to use Native Americans for labor, but they were susceptible to European diseases and died in large numbers. The plantation owners then turned to enslaved Africans for labor. In 1665, there were fewer than 500 Africans in Virginia but by 1750, 85 percent of the 235,000 slaves lived in the Southern colonies, Virginia included. Africans made up 40 percent of the South's population.According to the 1840 United States Census, one out of every four families in Virginia owned slaves. There were over 100 plantation owners who owned over 100 slaves.The number of slaves in the 15 States was just shy of 4 million in a total population 12.4 million and the percentage was 32% of the population.Number of slaves in the Lower South: 2,312,352 (47% of total population) 4,919 million.Number of slaves in the Upper South: 1,208,758 (29% of total population) 4,165 million.Number of slaves in the Border States: 432,586 (13% of total population) 3,323 million.Fewer than one-third of Southern families owned slaves at the peak of slavery prior to the Civil War. In Mississippi and South Carolina the figure approached one half. The total number of slave owners was 385,000 (including, in Louisiana, some free African Americans), amounting to approximately 3.8% of the Southern and Border states population.Tobacco fieldOn a plantation with more than 100 slaves, the capital value of the slaves was greater than the capital value of the land and farming implements. The first plantations occurred in the Caribbean islands, particularly, in the West Indies on the island of Hispaniola, where it was initiated by the Spaniards in the early 16th century. The plantation system was based on slave labor and it was marked by inhumane methods of exploitation. After being established in the Caribbean islands, the plantation system spread during the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries to European colonies in the Americas and Asia. All the plantation system had a form of slavery in its establishment, slaves were initially forced to be labors to the plantation system, these slaves were primarily native Indians, but the system was later extended to include slaves shipped from Africa. Indeed, the progress of the plantation system was accompanied by the rapid growth of the slave trade. The plantation system peaked in the first half of the 18th century, but later on, during the middle of 19th century, there was a significant increase in demand for cotton from European countries, which means there was a need for expanding the plantation in the southern parts of United States. This made the plantation system reach a profound crisis, until it was changed from being forcing slave labour to being mainly low-paid wage labors who contained a smaller proportion of forced labour. The monopolies were insured high profits from the sale of plantation products by having cheap labours, forced recruitment, peonage and debt servitude.

Trump v New York was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with the 2020 United States Census. It centered on the validity of an executive memorandum written by President Donald Trump in July 2020 to the Department of Commerce, which conducts and reports the Census. The memo ordered the Department to report the results of the Census with the exclusion of the estimated counts of illegal immigrants. The memo was challenged by a coalition of U.S. states led by New York along with several cities and other organizations suing to block action on the memo. The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York found for the states and blocked enforcement of the memo, leading Trump to seek emergency action from the Supreme Court to rule on the matter before the results of the Census are due by December 31, 2020. The Court issued a per curiam decision on December 18, 2020, vacating the District Court's ruling and dismissing the case on the basis that there were matters related to lack of standing and ripeness that made the case premature. The same decision was reached by the court on December 18, 2020, for the similar "Trump v Useche" case. While multiple states vowed to bring the case back to the Supreme Court immediately after implementation was done, thereby establishing standing and ripeness, the Trump Administration struggled immensely with implementation (due in part to the Supreme Court case Department of Commerce v New York). Ultimately, Trump's successor after the 2020 election, Joe Biden, issued Executive Order 13986 which required non-citizens to be counted in the 2020 census, both for the purposes of enumeration and determining congressional apportionment, thereby reversing the Trump administration and ending the controversy. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Charles Blow at the New York Times intrigued me by talking about this subject. That is the shift of the country from mostly white to mostly nonwhite. Many hold hope for this effect in the fight against white supremacy and oppression. The most recent United States Census officially recognized five racial categories (White, Black or […]

Most of Georgia's landmass is rural. But less than a quarter of the population lives in rural areas. And, according to the latest figures from the United States Census, that percentage is dropping as the state grows more diverse and more urbanized. With redistricting getting underway, some small-town Georgia officials worry their shrinking populations could also cost them political influence at the state Capitol.

The ruins of Windsor are among the most photographed historic sites in Mississippi. 23 towering columns that cast long shadows on the history of the once grand mansion and places like it across the American south.    Want more Southern Mysteries?  Patrons get monthly bonus content called Southern Mysteries Shorts! Join today at patreon.com/southernmysteries   Connect Website: southernmysteries.com Facebook: Southern Mysteries Podcast Twitter: @southernpod_ Instagram: @explorethesouth Email: southernmysteriespodcast@gmail.com    Episode Sources Windsor Ruins National Register of HIstoric Places Nomination. 1971, updated 1992 "Burning of the Daniell Residence." The Southern Reveille. February 21, 1890 The Ruins of Windsor. WLBT. April 30, 2011 Cotton. Mississippi Encyclopedia. July 10, 2017. The Creation Of The Cotton Kingdom. African American History and Culture. United States Census, 1860. Claiborne County, Mississippi. Population Schedules Windsor Ruins, Mississippi – A Silent Sentinel to the Magnificent South. Legends of America. November 2019.  The Windsor Ruins of Mississippi. Parker Studios. June 11, 2019.   Episode Music Sense of Loss by Purple Planet Music. Purple-planet.com. Licensed under Creative Commons Fresh Fallen Snow by Chris Haugen and I Need To Start Writing Things Down and I Am A Man Who Will Fight for Your Honor by Chris Zabriske. Licensed under Creative Commons  Autumn Sunset, Relaxing Piano Music and March of the Minds by Kevin MacLeod. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. Source: http://incompetech.com Devouring the Whole by Ross Gentry. Special thanks to Headway Recordings, in Asheville, North Carolina for permission for use Theme Song “Dark & Troubled” by Pantherburn. Special thanks to Phillip St Ours for permission for use.

Patricia D. Johnson, Psy.D., holds a Doctorate of Psychology degree in Clinical Psychology from Ryokan College; her Clinical Case Study dissertation, Biracial Identity Development. She also holds a Master of Arts degree in Clinical Psychology from Antioch University and a Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology from California State University, Dominguez Hills. Dr. Johnson is a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist, Consultant, and Lecturer. Dr. Johnson's research focuses on biracial individuals. Dr. Johnson is of dual ethnicity (biracial), Austrian-Hungarian/African American decent. She conducts workshops and classes on the subjects of interracial and biracial issues and is a nationally recognized expert for her work in these areas. Dr. Johnson worked with several multiracial/cultural groups to help bring about categorical changes allowing individuals to identify as being of mixed races on the United States Census. Dr. Johnson is a clinical member of The California Association of Marriage & Family Therapists (CAMFT). She was instrumental in the development of the Los Angeles chapter of CAMFT's multiracial/cultural committee. At the Annual American Association of Marriage & Family Therapists (AAMFT) Conference, Dr. Johnson presented Treating Biracial Individuals & Interracial Families. Dr. Johnson also served as committee member of the AAMFTCA Outreach Committee; as well as Chair of the Elections Committee - California Division. She was a featured speaker at AAMFT's Millenium Conference. Dr. Johnson's training includes the Maple Center Mental Health Clinic, Center for the Study of Young People in Groups (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center/Thalians Mental Health Hospital), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center's TEEN LINE, and Friends Medical Science Research/Matrix Institute on Addiction. At The Matrix Institute on Addiction, Dr. Dr. Johnson has made several television appearances as a professional expert, including CNN, The Oprah Winfrey Show, The Montel Williams Show, The Leeza Gibbons Show, and The Other Half. She hosted a series for the Discovery Health Channel, Reconcilable Differences. She was frequently heard as an expert on For The Record with Samm Brown, 90.7 KPFK-FM, kpfk.org. Dr. Johnson has consulted for Arnold Shapiro Productions, Jonathan Goodson Productions, LETNOM Productions, Fisher/Merlis Television, Inc., Motown Records, and The Los Angeles Times.   We Discuss topics including: Social justice and psychology Understanding biracial issues The inter psychic development of biracial issues Having clinicians do the work understanding people with different ethnicities Working on ourselves before stepping in a room with a client _____________________ If you have any questions regarding the topics discussed on this podcast, please reach out to Robyn directly via email: rlgrd@askaboutfood.com You can also connect with Robyn on social media by following her on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and LinkedIn. If you enjoyed this podcast, please leave a review on iTunes and subscribe. Visit Robyn's private practice website where you can subscribe to her free monthly insight newsletter, and receive your FREE GUIDE “Maximizing Your Time with Those Struggling with an Eating Disorder”. For more information on Robyn's book “The Eating Disorder Trap”, please visit the Official "The Eating Disorder Trap" Website. “The Eating Disorder Trap” is also available for purchase on Amazon.

"This is Today" features the stories that make this day unique. It's Monday, August 2, 2021, and here is what we talk about today:National Coloring Book DayNational Ice Cream Sandwich DayUnited States CensusWarren G. HardingAlbert EinsteinKevin SmithHelp to support this podcast:Become a Patron!This post was proofread by Grammarly.Subscribe to Learning More Get bonus content on Patreon See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

All Appliance repair services available in Ridgewood, New Jersey Ridgewood is a village in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the village population was 24,958 reflecting an increase of 22 from the 24,936 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 784 from the 24,152 counted in the 1990 Census. Ridgewood is a suburban bedroom community of New York City, located approximately 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Midtown Manhattan. https://www.appliancerepairmedic.com/ridgewood-nj-appliance-repair-service

Disgraced census worker and grilled cheese king Tim Bristol joins DOA to do some counting

Trent Alexander, associate director of ICPSR, talks about a project linking every United States Census from 1850 all the way through present day and beyond to learn about how Americans moved, or how they stayed put.

In this episode of the Techqueria podcast, Jose Fermoso talks to lawyers and academics about the United States Census, one of the most important civic events in the country. As we prepare to learn about the full results of the 2020 Census, we find out how and why the actions of the Trump administration likely severely and negatively affected the accuracy of the count, especially in Latinx communities, including how congressional apportionments may suffer.Our guests include:Dale Ho, the national Director of Civil Rights at the ACLU and lead counsel in the recent U.S. Supreme Court case New York v. Trump.Jose Perez, the chief legal officer of LatinoJustice, one of the non-profits that submitted an amicus brief on behalf of Latinx communities in the above case.Natalia Molina, a USC history professor, and 2020 MacArthur Foundation Fellow.Onesimo "Ness" Sandoval, a St. Louis University Demographics and Computational Spatial science professor.Lara Manzanares, a former enumerator who wrote a fun song about the importance of taking the census.Produced by Jose Fermoso and Neil Godbole.

In the last United States Census, 18.25 million people self identified as Italian or Italian American. Demographers believe there are more than 21 million Americans of Italian descent spread throughout the nation. By some calculations, we are the fifth-largest ancestry group in the United States… but when it comes to making our voice heard in the halls of power, Italian Americans often seem far less influential than the numbers might suggest. For one Italian American community leader, it's time to address that imbalance. Basil Russo, President of the Italian Sons and Daughters of America (ISDA) and the Chairman of the Conference of Presidents of Major Italian American Organizations has worked with Italian American leaders from across the country to create Italian America Online… a new digital initiative seeking to identify and connect every Italian American organization in the United States, and eventually -- if this longtime community leader has his way -- all 21 million individuals as well! In this week’s episode, he’ll join us to introduce the first-ever Italian American Community Virtual Summit, an online meeting taking place on February 20, 2021, in which more than 1,200 Italian American organizations are scheduled to participate. And, he’d like those of you out there who know of others to help spread the word and help to expand this invaluable undertaking. We’ll discuss the “why’s and how’s” of this unprecedented event, explore what the virtual revolution means for Italian America, and of course, share some laughs along the way. It’s a call to action for Italian Americans everywhere… and one we hope you will make sure not to ignore! To sign up for the Italian American Community Virtual Summit, visit Italian America Online today! This episode is sponsored by Mediaset Italia.

Good Morning Veterans, Family, and Friends, welcome back to the ELEVENTH EPISODE of the Veteran Doctor. On this week's podcast, we will discuss Issues Facing The Elderly Veteran Population. We will also continue our fun facts of UBI (Useful Bits of Information) and Veteran News, so stick around for some great stuff! The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (V.A.) is the current American embodiment of an ancient social pact, one that has existed in many forms since antiquity, between a society and those who go to war on its behalf. The agreement is that in return for the soldier risking his (or her) life, society will care for an injured soldier, and sometimes his dependent family members, until death. In the era of Greek city-states and even the Plymouth Colony, the average life expectancy for humans was four decades or less, and the number of individuals affected numbered at most in the hundreds. Now, as expectancy is more than eight decades and military service engages millions of individuals whose ages cover the full adult lifespan, the promise of lifetime care for former warriors has become an enormous, costly, complex, and mostly elderly-focused health and support services enterprise. According to the 2012 United States Census brief, there are more than 12.4 million veterans age 65 or older. This elderly veteran population served in conflicts such as World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Persian Gulf War. Issues affect all veterans as they battle the V.A. for the benefits they deserve, but today, we will look at some of the problems that are commonly faced by elderly veterans in particular. Lack of Evidence To obtain V.A. disability benefits, a veteran must have medical proof showing they have a current disability, medical or lay evidence showing the disability began or was aggravated in service, and medical evidence of a link, or nexus, between their current disability and the in-service event. Additionally, to show the severity of their disability, the veteran will need evidence such as V.A. treatment records, private medical records, and/or statements from family and friends describing how the veteran’s disability affects them. One problem that many elderly veterans may run in to is locating and obtaining their service records. Getting service records for elderly veterans can be especially difficult due to a fire at the National Personnel Records Center (NPRC) in 1973 that destroyed millions of official military service records. The VA is required to assist veterans in obtaining their service records, but a veteran needs to make sure the V.A. has notified all potential locations of service records. The following is a list of organizations that may have service records: The NPRC The United States Army and Joint Services Records Research Center (JSRRC): The JSRRC works to find military records supporting veterans’ inquiries related to PTSD and Agent Orange VA disability claims. The National Archives and Record Administration (NARA): This is the official location where records for military personnel discharged from the Navy, Army, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard are stored. The Naval Historical Center: This is the official center for historical information related to Navy military records and includes information such as deck logs and ship histories, which can help Agent Orange claims. A veteran does not have to rely solely on service records for evidence of an in-service event; they can also use lay evidence such as buddy statements. However, elderly veterans may find it challenging to obtain this kind of evidence as well. For example, elderly veterans’ fellow service members might no longer be alive or suffer from memory loss. Transportation The process involved with getting V.A. disability benefits often requires a veteran to go to V.A. offices and medical centers. Many times, these visits are mandatory, such as appearing at Compensation and Pension Exams (C&P exams). If a veteran does not show up for a C&P exam, the V.A. can reduce or even take away their benefits. Even worse is the fact that the V.A. doesn’t provide transportation to their facilities. However, some regulations allow for veterans to get a transportation allowance or a reimbursement for transportation costs. For example, 38. C.F.R. § 21.154 that states, “a veteran who because of the effects of disability has transportation expenses in addition to those incurred by persons not so disabled, shall be provided a transportation allowance to defray such additional expenses.” The Slow Process Perhaps one of the most severe issues facing the elderly veteran population is the length of time it takes the V.A. to complete the disability claim appeal process. Some Regional Offices are so backlogged that they’re up to 2 years behind on deciding veterans’ appeals. The Board of Veterans Appeals (B.V.A.) is even more backlogged. Appeals at the B.V.A. are taking up to 3 years to get decided. The problem is, elderly veterans, don’t always have time on their side. A study cited in a research article discussing issues facing the elderly veteran population stated: “approximately 3,000 veterans die each year with their disability compensation claims still mired in some stage of the agency’s adjudication process.” Claims can be expedited, but the V.A.’s regulations state that veterans must be 85 years or older for their claim to receive priority processing. If a veteran is under 85 years old, their claim can still be expedited due to other factors such as financial hardship or being terminally ill. Underutilized Benefits Unfortunately, many elderly veterans might not generalize the extent of V.A. benefits they are entitled to, or they might be completely unaware of benefits they may be eligible for. Elderly veterans may be entitled to receive additional compensation on top of any service-connected compensation they’re already receiving. Also, elderly veterans may be entitled to different health care programs tailored to their needs. The following is a list of some common benefits and health care programs that elderly veterans may be entitled to: Aid and Attendance: available for veterans who require help with performing daily functions, are bedridden, a patient in a nursing home, or are blind. Housebound: available for veterans that are confined to their home because of a permanent disability Adult Day Health Care: this is a day program that provides recreation, companionship, and health care services such as care from nurses, therapists, social workers, etc. Home Based Primary Care: this program is for veterans with complex health care needs that are not being met by routine clinic-based care. A VA doctor will supervise a team that provides health care in the veteran’s home. Homemaker and Home Health Aide: available for veterans who need assistance with activities of daily living. Palliative Care: this involves helping veterans (and their families) manage their illness with a plan of care that focuses on the relief of suffering and control of symptoms. Hospice Care: available for veterans who have terminal conditions with less than six months to live Skilled Home Health Care: this is a short-term service for veterans that are homebound or live far away from the V.A. Care is provided by a local community-based health agency that contracts with the V.A. Respite Care: This service offers a person to come to a veteran’s home while the veteran’s primary caregiver takes a break. Telehealth: allows a veteran’s doctor or nurse to monitor the veteran’s condition remotely using home monitoring equipment. Veteran Directed Care: available for veterans in need of skilled services, case management, or assistance with daily living activities. This program allows a veteran to customize a health care plan that best meets their needs. It should be apparent from the preceding comments that V.A. is a very large, complex, and continuously evolving enterprise. Veterans Affairs’ commitment to serving those who were willing to put their lives at risk for their countrymen has never wavered, but the challenges of a large governmental organization that has to be responsive to changing demography, shifting societal priorities, political forces, and technological improvements are numerous, complex, elusive and daunting. Nevertheless, VA has made an enormous, positive mark on the health and health care of all older Americans through its decades of effort on behalf of aging veterans and undoubtedly will continue to do so for decades to come.

The United States Congress or U.S. Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States and consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The Congress meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a governor's appointment. Congress has 535 voting members: 100 senators and 435 representatives, the latter defined by the Reapportionment Act of 1929. In addition, the House of Representatives has six non-voting members, bringing the total membership of the US Congress to 541 or fewer in the case of vacancies. The sitting of a congress is for a two-year term, at present beginning every other January; the current congress is the 116th. Elections are held every even-numbered year on Election Day. The members of the House of Representatives are elected for the two-year term of a congress representing the people of a single constituency, known as a district. Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results, provided that each state has at least one congressional representative. Each state, regardless of population or size, has two senators. Currently, there are 100 senators representing the 50 states. Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a six-year term, with terms staggered, so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election. Article One of the United States Constitution requires that members of Congress must be at least 25 years old (House) or 30 years old (Senate), have been a citizen of the United States for seven (House) or nine (Senate) years, and be an inhabitant of the state which they represent. Members in both chambers may stand for re-election an unlimited number of times. The Congress was created by the Constitution of the United States and first met in 1789, replacing in its legislative function the Congress of the Confederation. Although not legally mandated, in practice since the 19th century, Congress members are typically affiliated with one of the two major parties, the Republican Party or the Democratic Party and only rarely with a third party or independents. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/law-school/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/law-school/support

Bee Man and the A-Train are on top of their game in this episode. They tell their origin stories to a guy, procure a new location for Urkel’s House, then they do some educational raps about the United States Census (don’t do it).Join the Patreon for $5/month for full video and over 30 bonus minutes of this episode and all the other VIP perks. patreon.com/worldrecordpodcast

In this second episode (of two), Professor Margo Anderson from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee continues her discussion about the Census, this time addressing counting methodologies, the requirement of confidentiality, and the formula used to apportion representation in the U.S. House of Representatives. Sources: CNBC article by Dan Mangan ‘Supreme Court will hear Trump appeal to exclude undocumented immigrants from census count’ The Hill article by John Kruzel ‘Supreme Court grants Trump request to halt 2020 Census’ Journalist’s Resources article by Clark Merrefield ‘What’s Happening with the census, the Supreme Court and House Reapportionment?’ Law.com article by Jacqueline Thomsen ‘As Census Deadlines Near, a Judge is Skeptical of Ordering Quick Release of Trump Docs’ Wikipedia article ‘United States Census’

In this second episode (of two), Professor Margo Anderson from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee continues her discussion about the Census, this time addressing counting methodologies, the requirement of confidentiality, and the formula used to apportion representation in the U.S. House of Representatives. Sources: CNBC article by Dan Mangan ‘Supreme Court will hear Trump appeal to exclude undocumented immigrants from census count’ The Hill article by John Kruzel ‘Supreme Court grants Trump request to halt 2020 Census’ Journalist’s Resources article by Clark Merrefield ‘What’s Happening with the census, the Supreme Court and House Reapportionment?’ Law.com article by Jacqueline Thomsen ‘As Census Deadlines Near, a Judge is Skeptical of Ordering Quick Release of Trump Docs’ Wikipedia article ‘United States Census’

Professor Margo Anderson from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee discusses the importance of this year’s Census for representation in the U.S. House of Representatives, federal funding, and redistricting for the purposes of voting. Sources: CNBC article by Dan Mangan ‘Supreme Court will hear Trump appeal to exclude undocumented immigrants from census count’ The Hill article by John Kruzel ‘Supreme Court grants Trump request to halt 2020 Census’ Journalist’s Resources article by Clark Merrefield ‘What’s Happening with the census, the Supreme Court and House Reapportionment?’ Law.com article by Jacqueline Thomsen ‘As Census Deadlines Near, a Judge is Skeptical of Ordering Quick Release of Trump Docs’ Wikipedia article ‘United States Census’

Professor Margo Anderson from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee discusses the importance of this year’s Census for representation in the U.S. House of Representatives, federal funding, and redistricting for the purposes of voting. Sources: CNBC article by Dan Mangan ‘Supreme Court will hear Trump appeal to exclude undocumented immigrants from census count’ The Hill article by John Kruzel ‘Supreme Court grants Trump request to halt 2020 Census’ Journalist’s Resources article by Clark Merrefield ‘What’s Happening with the census, the Supreme Court and House Reapportionment?’ Law.com article by Jacqueline Thomsen ‘As Census Deadlines Near, a Judge is Skeptical of Ordering Quick Release of Trump Docs’ Wikipedia article ‘United States Census’

Today’s special guest is topical, timely as well as just plain awesome. Manila Ice of Minnesota Roller Derby and Team Philippines, is a U.S. Census enumerator, which means they visit far-flung areas in their home state and completes the census form with residents who have not been counted. In case you don’t know what the Census is, it’s a national count that takes place every 10 years of every child and adult who resides in the United States, regardless of immigration or economic status, or political affiliation. It is a count that is dictated by the U.S. Constitution and is in turn used to apportion how many seats your area gets in the House of Representatives, how much funding is disbursed. The population number of this Census will determine the Electoral College votes are apportioned to each state for 2024’s Presidential Election--so it’s super important. We’re nearing the deadline for responses to the United States Census. It was originally set for October 31 and then shortened a month by the executive branch of the federal government and set for September 30, but a federal judge last week restored the original deadline. In any case, if you haven’t done so, get it in as soon as you can. It takes 5 minutes. The link is below. Enjoy the convo with Ice, who knows their stuff. We also talked about identity and the mood and conversations that have taken place at MNRD since George Floyd’s murder in neighboring Minneapolis. EPISODE LINKS:US Census: https://my2020census.gov/ Holding Space with Magical Wheelism is available on all your favorite podcast outlets. Help support the pod grow by subscribing and sharing it with friends! Rating and reviewing on Apple Podcasts also helps others find us. Follow the pod @holdingspacewithmagicpod on IG and @ThisisHSMWPod on Twitter Music: ROFEU, "Midnight Lover" Cover photo: James Corbett www.epiclifeimages.com and Instagram @epiclifeimages (https://www.instagram.com/epiclifeimages/)

The United States Census is always a daunting challenge, but in 2020, the effort is further complicated by the novel coronavirus pandemic. With a compressed timeline to complete the once-per-decade population count, some census officials worry that the effort is being politicized -- and is likely to undercount certain groups. Amna Nawaz talks to NPR's Hansi Lo Wang, who covers the Census Bureau. PBS NewsHour is supported by - https://www.pbs.org/newshour/about/funders

The Smoke Signals podcast met with Grand Ronde's Correct Count Committee member and Tribal member Michael Herrin to examine the bad reputation the United States Census has received and the hidden ways the census data impacts Tribal country.Correction: The census raffle drawing will be Sept. 8, 2020. The final raffle will be held the first week of October. Music contributed by Jan Michael Looking Wolf: "Wind Jammer", "Gentlewolf" and "Falling Star" Additional music: "Angel Band" by The Stanley Brothers and The Clinch Mountain Boys

Joe Biden has finally chosen his running mate. That of Senator Kamala Harris. She could become the country's first person of color to become Vice President of the United States. But what does Indian Country think of Biden's choice? Also...The United States Census and Tribes. Should Native Americans bother being counted for the census? Has the quality of life improved for native people in the past 30 years? (3 census counts constitute 30 years) We examine this.And...Trump's pick to head up the Bureau of Land Management should have Tribes DEEPLY on edge...

This week we share some reviews, read some Question of the Day answers, leap to the defense of both the United States Postal Service and the United States Census, and wonder why one office can need so many different kinds of toilet paper and trash bags. We also talk about a few things that have actually improved as a result of staying inside all year (mostly Matt's cocktail game).

You have the power to decide how your community will be shaped for the next ten years - you only need to fill out the 2020 United States Census in order to harness that power! Census Partnership Specialist Kathleen O'Connell sat down with host Barry Lee to describe why the Census matters and how you can easily participate. Also in this episode: • Council BLUF (July 28 Council Meeting & Work Session) • Now U Know (City's online services) • Announcements

Welcome to the LI Law Podcast.  We feature legal issues and developments which affect Long Island residents and business owners.  The podcast focuses on Long Island law topics and includes greater New York court and legislative happenings.  If you are one of the approximate 8 million residents of Long Island (Nassau, Suffolk, Queens, and Kings counties), or want to enjoy all law-related matters on Long Island, this podcast is for you! During the Covid-19 health crisis, episodes will be published as soon as they are recorded to keep listeners updated on the most up-to-date legal developments on Long Island.  Today we are focusing on the United States Census, which determines for the next 10 years how many members of the House of Representatives will represent Long Island and how federal funds will be distributed throughout the United States.  The greater our response, the more federal funds (and members of the House of Representatives) Long Island will receive. Our guest on this 48th episode is Roseanne Dorfman, Administrative Assistant to both the Outreach Services Department and the Digital Resources Department of the Nassau Library System (NLS).  The Nassau Library System is a cooperative library system chartered under New York State Educational Law 255.  It is a consortium comprised of 54 member libraries and a Service Center for the libraries. Each member library is independent, autonomous, supported by local taxes, and governed by its own board of trustees. All public libraries in Nassau County are members of the NLS.  Prior to the current health crisis, the NLS was scheduling the Outreach Census Van to visit member libraries and other organizational census events. Unfortunately, 95% of those events were cancelled due to the Covid-19 pandemic, which makes getting the word out about being counted even more important!  Census website: www.My2020Census.gov. Census telephone number (interpreters available): 844.330.2020. Roseanne is also the Program Coordinator for the West Hempstead Public Library.  The West Hempstead Public Library offers many virtual classes (e.g. exercise, Spanish language, book discussion, etc.) to residents and non-residents alike.  Here is the website: https://www.whplibrary.org.  If you have specific questions about WHPL programming, please e-mail Roseanne directly. Here is Roseanne Dorfman's contact information: Telephone: (516) 481-6591 x 13 E-mail: programs@whplibrary.org If you reside in Nassau County and do not have a library card, you may apply for a digital card to allow you remote access to all library resources online for free: https://www.nassaulibrary.org/ Thank you, Roseanne, and welcome to the podcast! Please contact us with your general questions or comments at LILawPodcast@gmail.com.  Zehava Schechter, Esq. specializes in estate planning, administration and litigation; real estate law; and contracts and business law. Her law practice is located on Long Island and New York City. No podcast is a substitute for competent legal advice.  Please consult with the attorney of your choice concerning specific legal questions you may have. Be well and stay safe!

Another fabulous chapter of Ruppelt's highly interesting book. This time we have a detailed look at the Lubbock lights. We get to see how a flap was investigated back in the golden age of UFOs. Some miscellaneous stuff from things that might have been mentioned in this episode: Edward J. Ruppelt (July 17, 1923 – September 15, 1960) was a United States Air Force officer probably best known for his involvement in Project Blue Book, a formal governmental study of unidentified flying objects. He is generally credited with coining the term "unidentified flying object", to replace the terms "flying saucer" and "flying disk" - which had become widely known - because the military thought them to be "misleading when applied to objects of every conceivable shape and performance. For this reason the military prefers the more general, if less colorful, name: unidentified flying objects. UFO (pronounced "Yoo-foe") for short."Ruppelt was the director of Project Grudge from late 1951 until it became Project Blue Book in March 1952; he remained with Blue Book until late 1953. UFO researcher Jerome Clark writes, "Most observers of Blue Book agree that the Ruppelt years comprised the project's golden age, when investigations were most capably directed and conducted. Ruppelt was open-minded about UFOs, and his investigators were not known, as Grudge's were, for force-fitting explanations on cases." The Lubbock Lights were an unusual formation of lights seen over the city of Lubbock, Texas in August and September 1951. The Lubbock Lights incident received national publicity in the United States as a UFO sighting. The Lubbock Lights were investigated by the U.S. Air Force in 1951. The Air Force initially believed the lights were caused by a type of bird called a plover, but eventually concluded that the lights "weren't birds... but they weren't spaceships...the [Lubbock Lights] have been positively identified as a very commonplace and easily explainable natural phenomenon." However, to maintain the anonymity of the scientist who had provided the explanation, the Air Force refrained from providing any details regarding their explanation for the lights. An unidentified flying object (UFO) is any aerial phenomenon that cannot immediately be identified. Most UFOs are identified on investigation as conventional objects or phenomena. The term is widely used for claimed observations of extraterrestrial spacecraft. Air Technical Intelligence CenterOn May 21, 1951, the Air Technical Intelligence Center (ATIC) was established as a USAF field activity of the Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence under the direct command of the Air Materiel Control Department. ATIC analyzed engine parts and the tail section of a Korean War Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 and in July, the center received a complete MiG-15 that had crashed. ATIC also obtained IL-10 and Yak-9 aircraft in operational condition, and ATIC analysts monitored the flight test program at Kadena Air Base of a MiG-15 flown to Kimpo Air Base in September 1953 by a North Korean defector. ATIC awarded a contract to Battelle Memorial Institute for translation and analysis of materiel and documents gathered during the Korean War. ATIC/Battelle analysis allowed FEAF to develop engagement tactics for F-86 fighters. In 1958 ATIC had a Readix Computer in Building 828, 1 of 6 WPAFB buildings used by the unit prior to the center built in 1976. After Discoverer 29 (launched April 30, 1961) photographed the "first Soviet ICBM offensive launch complex" at Plesetsk;[10]:107 the JCS published Directive 5105.21, "Defense Intelligence Agency", the Defense Intelligence Agency was created on October 1, and USAF intelligence organizations/units were reorganized. Project Blue Book was one of a series of systematic studies of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) conducted by the United States Air Force (USAF). It started in 1952, the third study of its kind, following projects Sign (1947) and Grudge (1949). A termination order was given for the study in December 1969, and all activity under its auspices officially ceased on January 19th, 1970. Project Blue Book had two goals:To determine if UFOs were a threat to national security, andTo scientifically analyze UFO-related data.Thousands of UFO reports were collected, analyzed, and filed. As a result of the Condon Report (1968), which concluded there was nothing anomalous about UFOs, and a review of the report by the National Academy of Sciences, Project Blue Book was terminated in December 1969. The Air Force supplies the following summary of its investigations:No UFO reported, investigated, and evaluated by the Air Force was ever an indication of threat to our national security;There was no evidence submitted to or discovered by the Air Force that sightings categorized as "unidentified" represented technological developments or principles beyond the range of modern scientific knowledge; andThere was no evidence indicating that sightings categorized as "unidentified" were extraterrestrial vehicles.By the time Project Blue Book ended, it had collected 12,618 UFO reports, and concluded that most of them were misidentifications of natural phenomena (clouds, stars, etc.) or conventional aircraft. According to the National Reconnaissance Office a number of the reports could be explained by flights of the formerly secret reconnaissance planes U-2 and A-12. A small percentage of UFO reports were classified as unexplained, even after stringent analysis. The UFO reports were archived and are available under the Freedom of Information Act, but names and other personal information of all witnesses have been redacted. Albuquerque abbreviated as ABQ, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Mexico, and the 32nd-most populous city in the United States. The city's nicknames are The Duke City and Burque, both of which reference its 1706 founding by Nuevo México governor Francisco Cuervo y Valdés as La Villa de Alburquerque, named in honor of then Viceroy the 10th Duke of Alburquerque, the Villa was an outpost on El Camino Real for the Tiquex and Hispano towns in the area (such as Barelas, Corrales, Isleta Pueblo, Los Ranchos, and Sandia Pueblo). Since the city's founding it has continued to be included on travel and trade routes including Santa Fe Railway (ATSF), Route 66, Interstate 25, Interstate 40, and the Albuquerque International Sunport. The population census-estimated population of the city as 560,218 in 2018, it is the principal city of the Albuquerque metropolitan area, which has 915,927 residents as of July 2018. The metropolitan population includes Rio Rancho, Bernalillo, Placitas, Zia Pueblo, Los Lunas, Belen, South Valley, Bosque Farms, Jemez Pueblo, Cuba, and part of Laguna Pueblo. This metro is included in the larger Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Las Vegas combined statistical area (CSA), with a population of 1,171,991 as of 2016. The CSA constitutes the southernmost point of the Southern Rocky Mountain Front megalopolis, including other major Rocky Mountain region cities such as Cheyenne, Wyoming, and Denver, Colorado, with a population of 5,467,633 according to the 2010 United States Census.Albuquerque serves as the county seat of Bernalillo County, and is in north-central New Mexico. The Sandia Mountains run along the eastern side of Albuquerque, and the Rio Grande flows north to south through its center, while the West Mesa and Petroglyph National Monument make up the western part of the city. Albuquerque has one of the highest elevations of any major city in the U.S., ranging from 4,900 feet (1,490 m) above sea level near the Rio Grande to over 6,700 feet (1,950 m) in the foothill areas of Sandia Heights and Glenwood Hills. The civic apex is found in an undeveloped area within the Albuquerque Open Space; there, the terrain rises to an elevation of approximately 6880+ feet (2,097 m).The economy of Albuquerque centers on science, medicine, technology, commerce, education, entertainment, and culture outlets. The city is home to Kirtland Air Force Base, Sandia National Laboratories, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Presbyterian Health Services, and both the University of New Mexico and Central New Mexico Community College have their main campuses in the city. Albuquerque is the center of the New Mexico Technology Corridor, a concentration of high-tech institutions, including the metropolitan area being the location of Intel's Fab 11X In Rio Rancho and a Facebook Data Center in Los Lunas, Albuquerque was also the founding location of MITS and Microsoft. Film studios have a major presence in the state of New Mexico, for example Netflix has a main production hub at Albuquerque Studios. There are numerous shopping centers and malls within the city, including ABQ Uptown, Coronado, Cottonwood, Nob Hill, and Winrock. The city is the location of a horse racing track and casino called The Downs Casino and Racetrack, and the Pueblos surrounding the city feature resort casinos, including Sandia Resort, Santa Ana Star, Isleta Resort, and Laguna Pueblo's Route 66 Resort.The city hosts the International Balloon Fiesta, the world's largest gathering of hot-air balloons, taking place every October at a venue referred to as Balloon Fiesta Park, with its 47-acre launch field. Another large venue is Expo New Mexico where other annual events are held, such as North America's largest pow wow at the Gathering of Nations, as well as the New Mexico State Fair. While other major venues throughout the metropolitan area include the National Hispanic Cultural Center, the University of New Mexico's Popejoy Hall, Santa Ana Star Center, and Isleta Amphitheater. Old Town Albuquerque's Plaza, Hotel, and San Felipe de Neri Church hosts traditional fiestas and events such as weddings, also near Old Town are the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque Museum of Art and History, Indian Pueblo Cultural Center, Explora, and Albuquerque Biological Park. Located in Downtown Albuquerque are historic theaters such as the KiMo Theater, and near the Civic Plaza is the Al Hurricane Pavilion and Albuquerque Convention Center with its Kiva Auditorium. Due to its population size, the metropolitan area regularly receives most national and international music concerts, Broadway shows, and other large traveling events, as well as New Mexico music, and other local music performances.Likewise, due to the metropolitan size, it is home to a diverse restaurant scene from various global cuisines, and the state's distinct New Mexican cuisine. Being the focus of the Middle Rio Grande Conservancy District gives an agricultural contrast, along acequias, to the otherwise heavily urban setting of the city. Crops such as New Mexico chile are grown along the entire Rio Grande, the red or green chile pepper is a staple of the aforementioned New Mexican cuisine. The Albuquerque metro is a major contributor of the Middle Rio Grande Valley AVA with New Mexico wine produced at several vineyards, it is also home to several New Mexican breweries. The river also provides trade access with the Mesilla Valley (containing Las Cruces, New Mexico and El Paso, Texas) region to the south, with its Mesilla Valley AVA and the adjacent Hatch Valley which is well known for its New Mexico chile peppers. Continental Air Defense Command (CONAD) was a Unified Combatant Command of the United States Department of Defense, tasked with air defense for the Continental United States. It comprised Army, Air Force, and Navy components. It included Army Project Nike missiles (Ajax and Hercules) anti-aircraft defenses and USAF interceptors (manned aircraft and BOMARC missiles). The primary purpose of continental air defense during the CONAD period was to provide sufficient attack warning of a Soviet bomber air raid to ensure Strategic Air Command could launch a counterattack without being destroyed. CONAD controlled nuclear air defense weapons such as the 10 kiloton W-40 nuclear warhead on the CIM-10B BOMARC. The command was disestablished in 1975, and Aerospace Defense Command became the major U.S. component of North American Air Defense Command (NORAD). Reese Air Force Base was a base of the United States Air Force located 6 mi west of Lubbock, Texas, about 225 mi WNW of Fort Worth. The base's primary mission throughout its existence was pilot training.The base was closed 30 September 1997 after being selected for closure by the Base Realignment and Closure Commission in 1995 and is now a research and business park called Reese Technology Center. Kirtland Air Force Base (IATA: ABQ, ICAO: KABQ) is a United States Air Force base located in the southeast quadrant of the Albuquerque, New Mexico urban area, adjacent to the Albuquerque International Sunport. The base was named for the early Army aviator Col. Roy C. Kirtland. The military and the international airport share the same runways, making ABQ a joint civil-military airport.Kirtland AFB is the largest installation in Air Force Global Strike Command and sixth largest in the Air Force. The base occupies 51,558 acres and employs over 23,000 people, including more than 4,200 active duty and 1,000 Guard, plus 3,200 part-time Reserve personnel. In 2000, Kirtland AFB's economic impact on the City of Albuquerque was over $2.7 billion.Kirtland is the home of the Air Force Materiel Command's Nuclear Weapons Center (NWC). The NWC's responsibilities include acquisition, modernization and sustainment of nuclear system programs for both the Department of Defense and Department of Energy. The NWC is composed of two wings–the 377th Air Base Wing and 498th Nuclear Systems Wing–along with ten groups and 7 squadrons.Kirtland is home to the 58th Special Operations Wing (58 SOW), an Air Education and Training Command (AETC) unit that provides formal aircraft type/model/series training. The 58 SOW operates the HC-130J, MC-130J, UH-1N Huey, HH-60G Pave Hawk and CV-22 Osprey aircraft. Headquarters, Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center is also located at Kirtland AFB. The 150th Special Operations Wing of the New Mexico Air National Guard, an Air Combat Command (ACC)-gained unit, is also home-based at Kirtland. The United States Atomic Energy Commission, commonly known as the AEC, was an agency of the United States government established after World War II by U.S. Congress to foster and control the peacetime development of atomic science and technology.[4] President Harry S. Truman signed the McMahon/Atomic Energy Act on August 1, 1946, transferring the control of atomic energy from military to civilian hands, effective on January 1, 1947.[5] This shift gave the members of the AEC complete control of the plants, laboratories, equipment, and personnel assembled during the war to produce the atomic bomb.[6]During its initial establishment and subsequent operationalization, the AEC played a key role in the institutional development of Ecosystem ecology. Specifically, it provided crucial financial resources, allowing for ecological research to take place.[7] Perhaps even more importantly, it enabled ecologists with a wide range of groundbreaking techniques for the completion of their research. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the AEC also approved funding for numerous bioenvironmental projects in the arctic and subarctic regions. These projects were designed to examine the effects of nuclear energy upon the environment and were a part of the AEC's attempt at creating peaceful applications of atomic energy.[8]:22–25An increasing number of critics during the 1960s charged that the AEC's regulations were insufficiently rigorous in several important areas, including radiation protection standards, nuclear reactor safety, plant siting, and environmental protection. By 1974, the AEC's regulatory programs had come under such strong attack that the U.S. Congress decided to abolish the AEC. The AEC was abolished by the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, which assigned its functions to two new agencies: the Energy Research and Development Administration and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.[9] On August 4, 1977, President Jimmy Carter signed into law The Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977, which created the Department of Energy. The new agency assumed the responsibilities of the Federal Energy Administration (FEA), the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA), the Federal Power Commission (FPC), and various other Federal agencies. The Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), managed and operated by the National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia (a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International), is one of three National Nuclear Security Administration research and development laboratories in the United States. In December 2016, it was announced that National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, under the direction of Honeywell International, would take over the management of Sandia National Laboratories starting on May 1, 2017.[5][6][7][3]Their primary mission is to develop, engineer, and test the non-nuclear components of nuclear weapons. The primary campus is located on Kirtland Air Force Base in Albuquerque, New Mexico and the other is in Livermore, California, next to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. There is also a test facility in Waimea, Kauai, Hawaii.[8]It is Sandia's mission to maintain the reliability and surety of nuclear weapon systems, conduct research and development in arms control and nonproliferation technologies, and investigate methods for the disposal of the United States' nuclear weapons program's hazardous waste. Other missions include research and development in energy and environmental programs, as well as the surety of critical national infrastructures. In addition, Sandia is home to a wide variety of research including computational biology, mathematics (through its Computer Science Research Institute), materials science, alternative energy, psychology, MEMS, and cognitive science initiatives. Sandia formerly hosted ASCI Red, one of the world's fastest supercomputers until its recent decommission, and now hosts ASCI Red Storm, originally known as Thor's Hammer. Sandia is also home to the Z Machine. The Z Machine is the largest X-ray generator in the world and is designed to test materials in conditions of extreme temperature and pressure. It is operated by Sandia National Laboratories to gather data to aid in computer modeling of nuclear guns. The Convair B-36 "Peacemaker"[N 1] is a strategic bomber built by Convair and operated by the United States Air Force (USAF) from 1949 to 1959. The B-36 is the largest mass-produced piston-engined aircraft ever built. It had the longest wingspan of any combat aircraft ever built, at 230 ft (70.1 m). The B-36 was the first bomber capable of delivering any of the nuclear weapons in the U.S. arsenal from inside its four bomb bays without aircraft modifications. With a range of 10,000 mi (16,000 km) and a maximum payload of 87,200 lb (39,600 kg), the B-36 was capable of intercontinental flight without refuelling.Entering service in 1948, the B-36 was the primary nuclear weapons delivery vehicle of Strategic Air Command (SAC) until it was replaced by the jet-powered Boeing B-52 Stratofortress beginning in 1955. All but five aircraft were scrapped. The North American B-25 Mitchell is a medium bomber that was introduced in 1941 and named in honor of Major General William "Billy" Mitchell, a pioneer of U.S. military aviation.[2] Used by many Allied air forces, the B-25 served in every theater of World War II, and after the war ended, many remained in service, operating across four decades. Produced in numerous variants, nearly 10,000 B-25s were built.[1] These included a few limited models such as the F-10 reconnaissance aircraft, the AT-24 crew trainers, and the United States Marine Corps' PBJ-1 patrol bomber. The Boeing B-29 Superfortress is a four-engine propeller-driven heavy bomber designed by Boeing and flown primarily by the United States during World War II and the Korean War. Named in allusion to its predecessor, the B-17 Flying Fortress, the Superfortress was designed for high-altitude strategic bombing but also excelled in low-altitude night incendiary bombing, and in dropping naval mines to blockade Japan. B-29s also dropped the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, becoming the only aircraft to ever use nuclear weaponry in combat.One of the largest aircraft of World War II, the B-29 had state-of-the-art technology, including a pressurized cabin; dual-wheeled, tricycle landing gear; and an analog computer-controlled fire-control system that allowed one gunner and a fire-control officer to direct four remote machine gun turrets. The $3 billion cost of design and production (equivalent to $43 billion today[5])—far exceeding the $1.9 billion cost of the Manhattan Project—made the B-29 program the most expensive of the war.[6][7]The B-29's advanced design allowed it to remain in service in various roles throughout the 1950s. The type was retired in the early 1960s, after 3,970 had been built.A few were used as flying television transmitters by the Stratovision company. The Royal Air Force flew the B-29 as the Washington until 1954.The B-29 was the progenitor of a series of Boeing-built bombers, transports, tankers, reconnaissance aircraft and trainers. The re-engined B-50 Superfortress became the first aircraft to fly around the world non-stop, during a 94-hour flight in 1949. The Boeing C-97 Stratofreighter airlifter, first flown in 1944, was followed in 1947 by its commercial airliner variant, the Boeing Model 377 Stratocruiser. This bomber-to-airliner derivation was similar to the B-17/Model 307 evolution. In 1948, Boeing introduced the KB-29 tanker, followed in 1950 by the Model 377-derivative KC-97. A line of outsized-cargo variants of the Stratocruiser is the Guppy / Mini Guppy / Super Guppy, which remain in service with NASA and other operators.The Soviet Union produced an unlicensed reverse-engineered copy, the Tupolev Tu-4.More than twenty B-29s remain as static displays but only two, Fifi and Doc, still fly.[8] A flying wing is a tailless fixed-wing aircraft that has no definite fuselage. The crew, payload, fuel, and equipment are typically housed inside the main wing structure, although a flying wing may have various small protuberances such as pods, nacelles, blisters, booms, or vertical stabilizers.[1]Similar aircraft designs that are not, strictly speaking, flying wings, are sometimes referred to as such. These types include blended wing body aircraft, Lifting body aircraft which have a fuselage and no definite wings, and ultralights (such as the Aériane Swift) which typically carry the pilot (and engine when fitted) below the wing. Q clearance or Q access authorization is the Department of Energy (DOE) security clearance required to access Top Secret Restricted Data, Formerly Restricted Data, and National Security Information, as well as Secret Restricted Data. Restricted Data (RD) is defined in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and covers nuclear weapons and related materials. The lower-level L clearance is sufficient for access to Secret Formerly Restricted Data (FRD) and National Security Information, as well as Confidential Restricted Data, Formerly Restricted Data, and National Security Information.[1][2] Access to Restricted Data is only granted on a need-to-know basis to personnel with appropriate clearances."For access to some classified information, such as Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI) or Special Access Programs (SAPS), additional requirements or special conditions may be imposed by the information owner even if the person is otherwise eligible to be granted a security clearance or access authorization based on reciprocity."[2]Anyone possessing an active Q clearance is always categorized as holding a National Security Critical-Sensitive position (sensitivity Level 3).[3] Additionally, most Q-cleared incumbents will have collateral responsibilities designating them as Level 4: National Security Special-Sensitive personnel.[4] With these two designations standing as the highest-risk sensitivity levels, occupants of these positions hold extraordinary accountability, harnessing the potential to cause exceptionally grave or inestimable damage to the national security of the United States. Texas Tech University (Texas Tech, Tech, or TTU) is a public research university in Lubbock, Texas. Established on February 10, 1923, and called until 1969 Texas Technological College, it is the main institution of the four-institution Texas Tech University System. The university's student enrollment is the seventh-largest in Texas as of the Fall 2017 semester.The university offers degrees in more than 150 courses of study through 13 colleges and hosts 60 research centers and institutes. Texas Tech University has awarded over 200,000 degrees since 1927, including over 40,000 graduate and professional degrees. The Carnegie Foundation classifies Texas Tech as having "highest research activity". Research projects in the areas of epidemiology, pulsed power, grid computing, nanophotonics, atmospheric sciences, and wind energy are among the most prominent at the university. The Spanish Renaissance-themed campus, described by author James Michener as "the most beautiful west of the Mississippi until you get to Stanford", has been awarded the Grand Award for excellence in grounds-keeping, and has been noted for possessing a public art collection among the ten best in the United States.The Texas Tech Red Raiders are charter members of the Big 12 Conference and compete in Division I for all varsity sports. The Red Raiders football team has made 36 bowl appearances, which is 17th most of any university. The Red Raiders basketball team has made 14 appearances in the NCAA Division I Tournament. Bob Knight has coached the second most wins in men's NCAA Division I basketball history and served as the team's head coach from 2001 to 2008. The Lady Raiders basketball team won the 1993 NCAA Division I Tournament. In 1999, Texas Tech's Goin' Band from Raiderland received the Sudler Trophy, which is awarded to "recognize collegiate marching bands of particular excellence".Although the majority of the university's students are from the southwestern United States, the school has served students from all 50 states and more than 100 countries. Texas Tech University alumni and former students have gone on to prominent careers in government, business, science, medicine, education, sports, and entertainment. The North American F-86 Sabre, sometimes called the Sabrejet, is a transonic jet fighter aircraft. Produced by North American Aviation, the Sabre is best known as the United States' first swept-wing fighter that could counter the swept-wing Soviet MiG-15 in high-speed dogfights in the skies of the Korean War (1950–1953), fighting some of the earliest jet-to-jet battles in history. Considered one of the best and most important fighter aircraft in that war, the F-86 is also rated highly in comparison with fighters of other eras.[3] Although it was developed in the late 1940s and was outdated by the end of the 1950s, the Sabre proved versatile and adaptable and continued as a front-line fighter in numerous air forces until the last active operational examples were retired by the Bolivian Air Force in 1994.[citation needed]Its success led to an extended production run of more than 7,800 aircraft between 1949 and 1956, in the United States, Japan, and Italy. In addition, 738 carrier-modified versions were purchased by the US Navy as FJ-2s and -3s. Variants were built in Canada and Australia. The Canadair Sabre added another 1,815 airframes, and the significantly redesigned CAC Sabre (sometimes known as the Avon Sabre or CAC CA-27), had a production run of 112. The Sabre is by far the most-produced Western jet fighter, with total production of all variants at 9,860 units.[1] A micrometeorite is a micrometeoroid that has survived entry through the Earth's atmosphere. The size of such a particle ranges from 50 µm to 2 mm. Usually found on Earth's surface, micrometeorites differ from meteorites in that they are smaller in size, more abundant, and different in composition. They are a subset of cosmic dust, which also includes the smaller interplanetary dust particles (IDPs).[1]Micrometeorites enter Earth's atmosphere at high velocities (at least 11 km/s) and undergo heating through atmospheric friction and compression. Micrometeorites individually weigh between 10−9 and 10−4 g and collectively comprise most of the extraterrestrial material that has come to the present-day Earth.[2]Fred Lawrence Whipple first coined the term "micro-meteorite" to describe dust-sized objects that fall to the Earth.[3] Sometimes meteoroids and micrometeoroids entering the Earth's atmosphere are visible as meteors or "shooting stars", whether or not they reach the ground and survive as meteorites and micrometeorites. The Kodak 35 was introduced in 1938 as the first US manufactured 35mm camera from Eastman Kodak Company. It was developed in Rochester, New York when it became likely that imports from the Kodak AG factory in Germany could be disrupted by war.While Kodak had invented the Kodak 135 daylight-loading film cassette in 1934, prior to 1938 they only offered the German made Kodak Retina' to work with this cartridge. US built 35mm cameras used the 828 paper backed 35mm roll-film (Bantam Series).[1][2] Plovers (/ˈplʌvər/ or /ˈploʊvər/) are a widely distributed group of wading birds belonging to the subfamily Charadriinae.There are about 66 species[1] in the subfamily, most of them called "plover" or "dotterel". The closely related lapwing subfamily, Vanellinae, comprises another 20-odd species.[2]Plovers are found throughout the world, with the exception of the Sahara and the polar regions, and are characterised by relatively short bills. They hunt by sight, rather than by feel as longer-billed waders like snipes do. They feed mainly on insects, worms or other invertebrates, depending on the habitat, which are obtained by a run-and-pause technique, rather than the steady probing of some other wader groups.[3]Plovers engage in false brooding, a type of distraction display. Examples include: pretending to change position or to sit on an imaginary nest site.A group of plovers may be referred to as a stand, wing, or congregation. A group of dotterels may be referred to as a trip.[4] A mercury-vapor lamp is a gas discharge lamp that uses an electric arc through vaporized mercury to produce light. The arc discharge is generally confined to a small fused quartz arc tube mounted within a larger borosilicate glass bulb. The outer bulb may be clear or coated with a phosphor; in either case, the outer bulb provides thermal insulation, protection from the ultraviolet radiation the light produces, and a convenient mounting for the fused quartz arc tube.Mercury vapor lamps are more energy efficient than incandescent and most fluorescent lights, with luminous efficacies of 35 to 65 lumens/watt.[1] Their other advantages are a long bulb lifetime in the range of 24,000 hours and a high intensity, clear white light output.[1] For these reasons, they are used for large area overhead lighting, such as in factories, warehouses, and sports arenas as well as for streetlights. Clear mercury lamps produce white light with a bluish-green tint due to mercury's combination of spectral lines.[1] This is not flattering to human skin color, so such lamps are typically not used in retail stores.[1] "Color corrected" mercury bulbs overcome this problem with a phosphor on the inside of the outer bulb that emits white light, offering better color rendition.They operate at an internal pressure of around one atmosphere and require special fixtures, as well as an electrical ballast. They also require a warm-up period of 4 – 7 minutes to reach full light output. Mercury vapor lamps are becoming obsolete due to the higher efficiency and better color balance of metal halide lamps.[2] Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) (sometimes erroneously called Aberdeen Proving Grounds) is a U.S. Army facility located adjacent to Aberdeen, Harford County, Maryland, United States. Part of the facility is a census-designated place (CDP), which had a population of 3,116 at the 2000 census, and 2,093 as of the 2010 census. The Avro Canada VZ-9 Avrocar was a VTOL aircraft developed by Avro Canada as part of a secret U.S. military project carried out in the early years of the Cold War.[2] The Avrocar intended to exploit the Coandă effect to provide lift and thrust from a single "turborotor" blowing exhaust out the rim of the disk-shaped aircraft. In the air, it would have resembled a flying saucer.Originally designed as a fighter-like aircraft capable of very high speeds and altitudes, the project was repeatedly scaled back over time and the U.S. Air Force eventually abandoned it. Development was then taken up by the U.S. Army for a tactical combat aircraft requirement, a sort of high-performance helicopter.[3] In flight testing, the Avrocar proved to have unresolved thrust and stability problems that limited it to a degraded, low-performance flight envelope; subsequently, the project was cancelled in September 1961.Through the history of the program, the project was referred to by a number of different names. Avro referred to the efforts as Project Y, with individual vehicles known as Spade and Omega. Project Y-2 was later funded by the U.S. Air Force, who referred to it as WS-606A, Project 1794 and Project Silver Bug. When the U.S. Army joined the efforts it took on its final name "Avrocar", and the designation "VZ-9", part of the U.S. Army's VTOL projects in the VZ series. ...And lots of other exiting stuff!!!

This week's full broadcast of Computer Talk Radio includes: - 00:00 - Nerd news of the week - Donations, Quibi, TikTok, Yelp, statistics, 5G and new normal - 11:00 - United States Census and tech - Benjamin is amazed when the mailer says to answer online - 22:00 - Apple (and others) solving probs - Keith and Benjamin talk about corporate approach to Covid-19 - 31:00 - Newstips (Marty Winston) - Marty talks about some of the many user interfaces we deal with - 39:00 - Business tool for stuck at home - Benjamin covers Scrum meeting to help the family focus - 44:00 - 7 Deadly (Technology) Sins - Benjamin links technology to each of the 7 Deadly Sins - 56:00 - Keske on Quarantine - Steve Keske brings ideas to fill the time while at home - 1:07:00 - Quarantine craziness everywhere - Benjamin warns that your utility bill is about to freak you out - 1:16:00 - Professional IT Series - Benjamin ponders what will we learn from telecommuting - 1:24:00 - Easter changes this year - Benjamin notes the technological changes for church and Easter

What is it actually like to be physically quarantined with the Corona virus?  We speak with someone quarantined in Spain. Mike Sweeney was on vacation in Spain when he was diagnosed with the Corona virus. He was, and still is, quarantined there. We call him and get a first-hand account of his experiences: how was his virus discovered, what did Spanish health authorities do once it was discovered, how has the disease impacted him, and what has his life been like in actual physical quarantine? THen, what is the real deal on the U.S. Census? We speak with a former Director of the United States Census. Census Director. Most of us got Census notices this week. Why should we respond?  Are responses confidential?  Who will see our responses? What is the data used for? Our second guest, John Thompson, had a 30 year career with the U.S. Census and was director from 2013 until 2017. He answers the above questions and more. Including, how people like Mike Sweeney, who is currently quarantined in Spain will be counted in the Census.

This week we visit with Jim Swim Jr. about the upcoming 2020 United States Census. 

In today's episode I sat down with Jose Lopez and Daniel Flores two partnership specialists for the US Census bureau. I wanted to have them on so they could talk to us about how you can fill out your Census, important dates for this upcoming census, the importance of getting counted, how your data is use and many other important things regarding the US Census 2020. If you still have questions regarding the Census you can use the link below to look for more information! https://2020census.gov/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/jose-alejos3/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/jose-alejos3/support

Did you hear about the United States Census 2020? It's kind of a big deal! In fact, it's a requirement of our Constitution that every individual in the country be counted. Even if you are not a citizen, you are legally obligated to answer all Census questions.  We dive into the what, why, and how. We discuss the importance of the Census and the Library's role as a trusted partner in helping you to participate. History, geology, geography, it's all here. We even help you spot fraud:  No one should be asking for your social security number Census forms do not ask for bank information You will not be emailed or texted by the Census No one will ever call you  So, did you hear about the Census?

Today we celebrate the German-American botanist who saved the French wine industry and the very first Iris-breeder who urged other hybridizers to “be bold.” We'll learn about the woman who sparked significant legislative change after birds and insects were killed in her garden and the man who fought to protect habitat for the Blazing Star. In Unearthed Words, we celebrate two award-winning American poets and review their poems about the garden. We Grow That Garden Library™ with a book that shows how growing and gardening has changed the way we eat. I'll talk about a garden item that will get your garden or porch party-ready. And, then, we’ll wrap things up with a story within a story about a man who loved apples and a man who helped settle the West. But first, let's catch up on a few recent events.   Subscribe Apple | Google | Spotify | Stitcher | iHeart   Curated Articles Seeds and Berries "As a wildlife gardener, you can help wildlife have a year-round bounty by leaving the seed heads and berries intact, while still weeding or clearing some lower branches and leaves as needed. Seed-eating birds such as juncos and goldfinches enjoy the dried flower heads of asters, coneflowers, and other native plants. Winter wildflower stalks also provide wildlife with places to seek refuge from storms and predators, and insects pass the winter in the dead stalks. These stalks and seed pods also add texture and visual interest on an otherwise barren landscape in a garden habitat."   Rare ghost orchid has multiple pollinators, the groundbreaking video reveals Rare ghost orchid has multiple pollinators, the groundbreaking video reveals:  "Deep in remote Florida swamps, a team of researchers and photographers have made a new discovery that upends what we thought we knew about the ghost orchid, one of the world’s most iconic flowers, and how it reproduces. These rare, charming orchids were long thought to be pollinated by a single insect: the giant sphinx moth. “   Now, if you'd like to check out these curated articles for yourself, you're in luck, because I share all of it with the Listener Community in the Free Facebook Group - The Daily Gardener Community. There’s no need to take notes or search for links - the next time you're on Facebook, search for Daily Gardener Community and request to join. I'd love to meet you in the group.   Important Events 1879 On this day, Dorothea Engelmann, the wife of the physician and botanist George Engelmann, died. Dorothea was also his cousin, and the couple married in their native Germany before immigrating to the United States. Engelmann had settled in St Louis, Missouri. George and Dorothea had one son, George Jr - who became a noted gynecologist. George persuaded Henry Shaw to develop the gardens around his estate outside of St Louis. When Asa Gray indicated that he thought Engelmann should run Shaw’s garden, Engelmann replied that he wasn't interested; that Shaw was a man who had “no real scientific zeal.” Yet, Engelmann continued to interact with Shaw, and he encouraged him to name his garden, the Missouri Botanical Garden. Today, the Missouri Botanical Garden is sometimes still referred to as Shaw's Garden. George Engelmann became the Missouri Botanical Garden’s first botanist. Among his many accomplishments as a botanist, at the top of the list is the time George rescued the French wine industry. During the 1870s, the grapes in French Vineyards were under attack by phylloxera. Without intervention, the old European vines would never survive the little aphid-like pest that sucked the sap out of the roots of the grapevines. By the time the French government dispatched a scientist to St. Louis, Engelmann had been studying grapes for over 20 years. Engelmann offered a simple solution when he suggested replacing the European vines with American ones. Engelmann had already determined that the American vines were naturally resistant to phylloxera. The simple substitution of vines would eliminate the problem. Both sides agreed, and George personally arranged for millions of grapevines as well as grape seeds to be sent to France. And voila! The French wine industry was saved. As a person, George was quite cheerful and always working - either as a physician or pursuing his botanical and other scientific work. But, after Dorothea died on this day in 1879, George was distraught. Dorothea had been his partner in all of his endeavors - she was his sounding board, editor, and chief encourager. George threw himself into his botanical work, but by himself, he could find no relief from his grief. George’s way back to life came when an invitation arrived from a friend and colleague. Harvard's Charles Sprague Sargent requested that George join him on an assessment of the forests of the Pacific Coast on behalf of the Forestry Division of the United States Census. George was Charles’s top choice; he had long admired George’s mastery of trees. By the summer of 1880, George Engelmann was 71 years old. Life wasn’t done with him yet. George met up with Charles in Ogden, Utah. Along with botanist Christopher Charles Parry, they spent the summer of 1880 botanizing along the west coast from the Fraser River in British Columbia to southern Arizona along the Mexican border. George's death came four years later. He’d caught a cold after he was clearing a path through the snow from his house to his garden so that he could read his thermometers. George had faithfully kept an unbroken record of daily meteorological observations for nearly five decades. It was important to him. He recorded the daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual records of temperature, rainfall, and other weather notes. A prolific letter-writer, George’s last letter was to Charles Christopher Parry - who had accompanied George and Sargent on their botanizing trip on the west coast. Parry was a true friend and had named the Englemann Spruce in honor of George. In a tribute to George after his death, Charles Sprague Sargent wrote, “… that splendid spruce [the Engelmann Spruce], the fairest of them all, will [forever]...cover the noble forests and the highest slopes of the mountains, recalling … the memory of a pure, upright, and laborious life.” Today, George’s portrait is featured in a couple of different places at the Missouri Botanical Garden, where his astounding collection of over 98,000 botanical specimens helped establish the Missouri Botanical Garden’s herbarium. If you ever visit the Missouri Botanical Garden’s Sachs Museum, you’ll note that the only plant identified (with a label) is named for George Engelmann - it’s the Opuntia engelmannii or Engelmann's prickly pear cactus. There is also a large bust of Engelmann in the Strassenfest Garden. Today, Engelmann’s botanical notebooks are being digitized online as part of the Biodiversity Heritage Library.   1907 Today is the anniversary of the death of the English physician and iris breeder Sir Michael Foster. In the late 1890s, Michael became the first person to crossbreed and name new varieties of Iris. Michael started working with purple and yellow iris. He was successfully able to produce a beautiful blend by the third generation. In short order, Michael was receiving large wild iris specimens from all over the world. Missionaries were a great help to him and sent Trojana, Cypriana, and Mesopotamica specimens from the deserts in the Near East. Over time, Michael was able to create irises with bigger blooms and habits with higher and wider branching stems. Michael crossed late bloomers with early bloomers and created intermediate bloomers. Michael once wrote to his friend the breeder William John Caparne, advising, "In hybridizing, be bold" and Michael gave us a clue to how he regarded his work with the natural world: "Nature is ever making signs to us; she is ever whispering to us the beginnings of her secrets." In 1888, Michael introduced “Mrs. Horace Darwin” - a white iris with pale violet markings - which he had named after one of his neighbors, the daughter-in-law of Charles Darwin. Michael often named his iris in honor of his many female friends. After Michael’s work became well known, iris breeding took off. Thirteen years after Michael's death, the American Iris Society was founded in 1920. Today, there are thousands of varieties of Iris. And, here’s one final tidbit about Sir Michael Foster. Like many botanists, Michael was a doctor. In 1877, he discovered and documented a phenomenon he called the patellar reflex, and he noted that "Striking the tendon below the patella gives rise to a sudden extension of the leg, known as the knee-jerk."   1958 Duxbury resident, journalist, and nature-lover Olga Owens Huckins wrote a letter to the editor that appeared in the Boston Herald in Section 3 on Page 14 and was titled “Evidence of Havoc by DDT.” Olga and her husband, Stuart, had created a little bird sanctuary around two kettle ponds on their property. It was a place “where songbirds sang, ducks swam, and great blue herons nested.” When the Massachusetts State Mosquito control program began spraying in their area, Olga observed birds and insects dropping dead in her garden. During that time, the DDT was sprayed at a rate of 2 pounds per acre. the day Olga's property was sprayed, the pilot had extra DDT fuel oil in his tank, and he decided to dump it right over Olga's land. As a former Boston newspaper reporter, Olga voiced her anger and frustration in the best way she knew how; she wrote about it. Olga wrote, “The ‘harmless’ shower-bath killed seven of our lovely songbirds outright. We picked up three dead bodies the next morning right by the door. They were birds that had lived close to us, trusted us, and built their nests in our trees year after year.” After writing the paper, Olga wrote another letter to an old friend named Rachel Carson. Olga wanted Rachel to help her find people in Washington who could provide more information about the aerial spraying of DDT. Olga's letter sparked four years of research for Rachel. She put it all together in a book called Silent Spring. Rachel's book opened people's eyes to the hazards of DDT, and public opinion eventually forced the banning of DDT in 1972. Today, Olga & Stuart’s property has new owners. Judith and Robert Vose, III, continue to preserve the site as a bird sanctuary and also as a way to honor the brave women who stepped forward when it was put in harm’s way: Olga Huckins and Rachel Carson.   1964 Today is the anniversary of the death of the former curator at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History and devoted scientist Otto Emery Jennings. He died at the age of 86. In 1904, Jennings started out as the custodian at the Carnegie Museum. Otto kept climbing the ladder, and over the span of 41 years, he was ultimately named the director of the Museum in 1945. Over his long career, he had been chief, curator, and bottle washer. Today, the Jennings Nature Reserve near Butler Pennsylvania is named for Otto, who initiated it’s protection to save the Blazing Star (Liatrisliatris spicata). The 20-acre reserve was expressly cleared to enable the Blazing Star to spread and multiply. Other common names for the Blazing Star include the Gayfeather or Prairie Star. This North American native plant and late-blooming prairie flower offers stately plumes of purple or white. The many wonderful characteristics of the Blazing Star make it a favorite with gardeners - it's easy to grow and propagate, it's low maintenance, it makes excellent cut flowers, and the pollinators love them. Monarchs go crazy for Blazing Star. The Blazing Star grows up to 16 in tall. And, gardeners should note that it has a taller cousin called Prairie Blazing Star that can grow to be 5 ft tall.   Unearthed Words 1933 Today is the anniversary of the death of the American lyric poet Sara Teasdale. In 1918, Teasdale was awarded the Columbia Poetry Prize, which would later become known as the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. Teasdale was born into a privileged life in St Louis, Missouri. After writing many books of poetry, she ended up in New York, where, depressed and disillusioned, she took her own life on this day in 1933. Her poem, The Garden, doesn’t require a great deal of analysis. Gardeners, especially during this time of year, will relate to her longing for spring. The Garden My heart is a garden tired with autumn, Heaped with bending asters and dahlias heavy and dark, In the hazy sunshine, the garden remembers April, The drench of rains and a snow-drop quick and clear as a spark; Daffodils blowing in the cold wind of morning, And golden tulips, goblets holding the rain— The garden will be hushed with snow, forgotten soon, forgotten— After the stillness, will spring come again?   1963 Today is the anniversary of the death of the American poet Robert Frost. Frost died at the age of 88 after having a heart attack. Forty-seven years earlier, Robert wrote a poem about a girl who asked her father for a little piece of land so that she could start a garden. The result was this poem called A Girl's Garden, written in 1916. A Girl's Garden A neighbor of mine in the village Likes to tell how one spring When she was a girl on the farm, she did A childlike thing. One day she asked her father To give her a garden plot To plant and tend and reap herself, And he said, 'Why not?' In casting about for a corner He thought of an idle bit Of walled-off ground where a shop had stood, And he said, 'Just it.' And he said, 'That ought to make you An ideal one-girl farm, And give you a chance to put some strength On your slim-jim arm.' It was not enough of a garden Her father said, to plow; So she had to work it all by hand, But she don't mind now. She wheeled the dung in a wheelbarrow Along a stretch of road; But she always ran away and left Her not-nice load, And hid from anyone passing. And then she begged the seed. She says she thinks she planted one Of all things but weed. A hill each of potatoes, Radishes, lettuce, peas, Tomatoes, beets, beans, pumpkins, corn, And even fruit trees. And yes, she has long mistrusted That a cider-apple In bearing there today is hers, Or at least may be. Her crop was a miscellany When all was said and done, A little bit of everything, A great deal of none. Now when she sees in the village How village things go, Just when it seems to come in right, She says, 'I know! 'It's as when I was a farmer...' Oh, never by way of advice! And she never sins by telling the tale To the same person twice.   Grow That Garden Library Hippie Food by Jonathan Kauffman The subtitle to this book is: How Back-to-the-Landers, Longhairs, and Revolutionaries Changed the Way We Eat. This book came out a year ago, released in January of 2019 by Jonathan Kauffman. It was well-received and was a 2019 James Beard Award nominee. I think what gardeners will enjoy about this book is that Jonathan is a food writer and an impeccable researcher. his topic hippie food covers the origins of Staples like sprouts, yogurt, tofu, brown rice, and whole-grain bread. How did these Foods get introduced and become so ubiquitous in our diets? Here's a quick excerpt for you: “For those of you who didn't grow up eating lentil-and-brown-rice casseroles, it may be hard to recognize what came to be called “hippie food.” That's because so many of the ingredients that the counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s adopted, defying the suspicion and disgust of the rest of the country, have become foods many of us eat every day. The organic chard you bought at Kroger last week? In the early 70s, farming organically was considered a delusional act. “ Jonathan's writing has been compared to a mix of Tom Wolfe and Michael Pollan. his book is a glimpse into our lives today, and gardeners will appreciate the influence of gardens on our modern-day tables. You can get a used copy of Hippie Food by Jonathan Kauffman and support the show, using the Amazon Link in today's Show Notes for under $6.   Great Gifts for Gardeners LOVENJOY Vintage Floral Fabric Cotton Bunting  $8.19 This lovely floral banner is made of white cotton fabric and has many miniature flowers in a pink, purple, and light green embellished with stems and leaves, and a sense of warmth and elegance exudes from every little detail and makes the party more fabulous and delightful. It is double-sided so that both sides can be displayed; Package includes 1pc flag bunting banner; 7 feet of actual flags, plus 3.8 feet of strings, each flag measures 17*17*17CM; Washing instructions: Ironing; No bleaching; Washing max 40°C, mild process; The item is a handmade product, and there may be a slight size difference from the size listed above.   Today’s Botanic Spark 2005 Today is the anniversary of the death of the founder of Home Orchard Society, Larry L. McGraw. His obituary stated that pomology was his passion for more than 50 years. Pomology is the science of growing fruit. In an effort to preserve fruit trees in the Northwest, Larry began collecting scion wood specimens in his twenties. He founded the Northwest Fruit Explorers, which was an organization that acted as a clearinghouse for fruit information and fruit growers in the Northwest. During his retirement, Larry worked as a horticulturist for the Oregon Historical Society. One day, Larry discovered an envelope that contained apple seeds that were a hundred years old. The letter inside the envelope referenced Marcus Whitman and his orchard. Marcus Whitman was a doctor who led a group of settlers West to Washington State by Wagon Train. His wife was named Narcissa, and she was very bright, a teacher of physics and chemistry. Marcus and Narcissa were part of a group of missionaries. They settled in an area now known as Walla Walla, Washington, and apparently had an orchard. Beyond that, their time in Washington was not fruitful. They attempted to convert the local Native Americans to Christianity but were unsuccessful mainly because they didn’t bother to get to know or understand them. Their only daughter drowned when she was two years old. Narcissa’s eyesight began to fail. When the Indians came down with measles, they blamed the settlers; specifically blaming Marcus since he was the town doctor. After almost all of the Indian children died, the surviving Indians launched an attack on the settlers and killed Marcus and Narcissa in their home on November 29, 1847. The event became known as the Whitman Massacre. The seeds that Larry found were one of the last pieces of the Whitman legacy. Larry's attempts to germinate the Whitman apple seeds were unsuccessful. However, Larry did successfully obtain apple trees from Russia for his Portland Orchard. By 1973, Larry had over 300 varieties of apples growing in his garden. Two years later, in May of 1975, Larry hosted a meeting with a group of other orchard growers. It was the official first meeting of the Home Orchard Society. During his lifetime, Larry taught thousands of people how to prune and graft fruit trees. During his 50 years of researching apples, Larry estimated that he had come across over 2,000 different apple varieties from all over the world.

Huawei's chief operating officer appears in a Canadian court to fight extradition to the United States on charges of fraud and breaching sanctions on Iran. The United States Census for 2020 is launched in Alaska, an important exercise for economic planning - we hear from Gabriel Layman, the Chief Operating Officer of Cook Inlet Housing Authority, about the quirks of gathering such huge amounts of information. And baseball is hit by a cheating scandal which could prompt advertisers to walk. And in Japan, a major restaurant chain is feeling the effects of the country’s ageing population. We discuss all this with live guests Sushma Ramachandran, an independent business journalist for The Tribune newspaper in Delhi, and Tony Nash, chief economist at Complete Intelligence in Houston, Texas. (Image: A silhouette in front of a Huawei sign. Credit: Wang Zhao/ Getty Images)

U.S. Census Director Dr. Steven Dillingham joins Policy on Purpose to discuss the 2020 census, why it counts and how students can get involved.

Have you tried dating sites, are you still single, are you wondering when you might meet a potential mate who is marriage worthy? Check out this episode, and find out how to meet a quality mate. Are you single?  Have you ever wondered why are you single? ....And no you are not single because society say there is more females than males in the United States.  According to the United States Census burea.gov we have 1.018  we have slightly more men then women".    You can no longer use the excuse that there is not enough men in the world.  The reason you are single is because you can not see.  The truth is: it is what is inside of you that keeps you from seeing.  The scales that are on your eyes keeps you from seeing the truth that there are quality potential mates right in front of your eyes.  Furthermore, you do not need another dating site or an experienced match maker to help change your marital status.  Your marital status will not change until the scales fall from your eyes.   By now I am sure you are wondering what does the scales have to do with it? Everything.  Every day you go about your daily business, and pass up quality potential mates. 

Jason Mangum and Mark Anderson discuss the United States Census and Citizenship. The fist census was performed in 1790. The Citizenship question first originated with the 1820 Census, according to census.gov. The questions are to provide communities with important statistics to help ensure equal opportunity, educate children, and understand change. Liberals are yet again using scare tactics to divide and manipulate people, and the MSM is all too eager to jump on this crazed bandwagon. According to the Census Bureau, "the Census Bureau is legally bound to strict confidentiality requirements. Individual records are not shared with anyone, including federal agencies and law enforcement entities. By law, the Census Bureau cannot share respondents' answers with anyone—not the IRS, not the FBI, not the CIA, and not with any other government agency." Watch on YouTube: http://bit.ly/31tiuxN Listen on: Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Google Podcasts, Anchor, RadioPublic, Breaker, Castbox, Overcast, Pocket Casts & Stitcher Jason Mangum is the Founder of World Impact News and the Senior Pastor of The River Church in McAllen, Texas. For more information visit http://www.rivertx.com. Follow Jason Mangum on Twitter at https://twitter.com/jasonwmangum Mark Anderson is a Commentator & Reporter. He is the founder of Stop The Presses, which is a Talk Radio Broadcast. You can read his blog The Truth Hound at https://www.thetruthhound.com.

The 2020 United States Census will be the twenty-fourth United States Census. National Census Day, the reference day used for the census, will be April 1, 2020. This is the first U.S. census to offer options to respond online or by phone, in addition to the option to respond on a paper form as with previous censuses.  www.census.gov --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Are you single?  Have you ever wondered why are you single? ....And no you are not single because society say there is more females than males in the United States.  According to the United States Census burea.gov we have 1.018  we have slightly more men then women".    You can no longer use the excuse that there is not enough men in the world.  The reason you are single is because you can not see.  The truth is: it is what is inside of you that keeps you from seeing.  The scales that are on your eyes keeps you from seeing the truth that there are quality potential mates right in front of your eyes.  Furthermore, you do not need another dating site or an experienced match maker to help change your marital status.  Your marital status will not change until the scales fall from your eyes.   By now I am sure you are wondering what does the scales have to do with it? Everything.  Every day you go about your daily business, and pass up quality potential mates.   Let me give you an example.   What are scales:   SCALES ARE BLINDERS, YOU SUDDENLY REALIZE THE TRUTH ABOUT SOMETHING AFTER A LONG PERIOD OF NOT UNDERSTANDING IT OR OF BEING DECEIVED ABOUT IT. WHEN SCALES FALL OFF YOU FINALLY REALIZE YOU HAVE BEEN BELIEVING A LIE ABOUT SOMETHING OR A LIE ABOUT YOURSELF.

Are you single?  Have you ever wondered why are you single? ....And no you are not single because society say there is more females than males in the United States.  According to the United States Census burea.gov we have 1.018  we have slightly more men then women".    You can no longer use the excuse that there is not enough men in the world.  The reason you are single is because you can not see.  The truth is: it is what is inside of you that keeps you from seeing.  The scales that are on your eyes keeps you from seeing the truth that there are quality potential mates right in front of your eyes.  Furthermore, you do not need another dating site or an experienced match maker to help change your marital status.  Your marital status will not change until the scales fall from your eyes.   By now I am sure you are wondering what does the scales have to do with it? Everything.  Every day you go about your daily business, and pass up quality potential mates.   Let me give you an example.   What are scales:   SCALES ARE BLINDERS, YOU SUDDENLY REALIZE THE TRUTH ABOUT SOMETHING AFTER A LONG PERIOD OF NOT UNDERSTANDING IT OR OF BEING DECEIVED ABOUT IT. WHEN SCALES FALL OFF YOU FINALLY REALIZE YOU HAVE BEEN BELIEVING A LIE ABOUT SOMETHING OR A LIE ABOUT YOURSELF.

Are you single?  Have you ever wondered why are you single? ....And no you are not single because society say there is more females than males in the United States.  According to the United States Census burea.gov we have 1.018  we have slightly more men then women".    You can no longer use the excuse that there is not enough men in the world.  The reason you are single is because you can not see.  The truth is: it is what is inside of you that keeps you from seeing.  The scales that are on your eyes keeps you from seeing the truth that there are quality potential mates right in front of your eyes.  Furthermore, you do not need another dating site or an experienced match maker to help change your marital status.  Your marital status will not change until the scales fall from your eyes.   By now I am sure you are wondering what does the scales have to do with it? Everything.  Every day you go about your daily business, and pass up quality potential mates.   Let me give you an example.   What are scales:   SCALES ARE BLINDERS, YOU SUDDENLY REALIZE THE TRUTH ABOUT SOMETHING AFTER A LONG PERIOD OF NOT UNDERSTANDING IT OR OF BEING DECEIVED ABOUT IT. WHEN SCALES FALL OFF YOU FINALLY REALIZE YOU HAVE BEEN BELIEVING A LIE ABOUT SOMETHING OR A LIE ABOUT YOURSELF.  

The US Census plays an essential role in American democracy. Most fundamentally, it ensures that communities get the right representation in government. Less obviously, it plays a critical role in distributing hundreds of billions of federal dollars for a wide range of public services — including education, health, transportation, housing, community services, and job training.At the 2019 MACo Summer Conference, Maryland coordinators for the United States Census and Secretary of the Maryland Department of Planning Robert McCord joined Michael Sanderson and Kevin Kinnally for a live recording of the Conduit Street Podcast. The fast-paced, Q&A-style session focused on state and local resources and best practices to promote the most accurate 2020 Census.https://twitter.com/WalterOlsonMd/status/1161729622964412417Panelists included:Robert McCord, Secretary, Maryland Department of PlanningLee Osberry, Partnership Specialist, U.S. Census BureauAshley Roush, Partnership Specialist, U.S. Census BureauMichael Sanderson, Executive Director, MACoKevin Kinnally, Associate Director, MACoFollow the latest conference happenings using the Twitter hashtag #MACoCon

This week JD shoots the shit with guest Paul Karolyi. Paul is a journalist and host of Changing Denver and The Denver Pizza Podcast. Topics discussed include, but are not limited to: what The United States Census is, job aptitude tests, Obama impressions, embellishing at resume, and animals.

Today, Trump admitted defeat on is effort to add a citizenship question to the 2020 United States Census -- as he addressed cameras live from the White House Rose Garden, we turned to John Nichols for comment. Next: Walls have been used against immigrants to the US before -- historian Linda Gordon talks about the 1920s, when anti-immigrant hostility conquered Congress. Plus: MAD Magazine (1952 - 2020): Jeet Heer on the death and influence of "one of the major showcases for media criticism in America."

Adam looks into the controversy surrounding the 2020 United States Census and why that citizenship question matters so much

Today, Trump admitted defeat on is effort to add a citizenship question to the 2020 United States Census -- as he addressed cameras live from the White House Rose Garden, we turned to John Nichols for comment. Next: Walls have been used against immigrants to the US before -- historian Linda Gordon talks about the 1920s, when anti-immigrant hostility conquered Congress. Plus: MAD Magazine (1952 - 2020): Jeet Heer on the death and influence of "one of the major showcases for media criticism in America."

In March of 2018, the Trump administration announced the addition of a citizenship question to United States Census. Last week the Supreme Court put a hold on their plans, sending the case back to a lower court and telling the government to focus their argument. The administration acquiesced, saying the question would not be included. Then the president sent out a tweet. The history of the Census, its use and misuse, and the controversy over if and why a citizenship question should be included; this week on Context, Please. Sources and Visualizations of Data are available at this episode's webpage: https://sites.google.com/view/context-please/episodes/the-census-and-citizenship Follow us on Instagram and Facebook: @contextpleasepod --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Historian Ted Widmer tells the fascinating story of the United States Census, from its pre-Declaration of Independence origins up to the citizenship question controversy of the 2020 edition. As the Civil War, westward expansion, and new technology changed America, how did it change the Census? And with the Trump administration politicizing the count, what are the stakes for all U.S. residents and future versions?

Historian Ted Widmer tells the fascinating story of the United States Census, from its pre-Declaration of Independence origins up to the citizenship question controversy of the 2020 edition. As the Civil War, westward expansion, and new technology changed America, how did it change the Census? And with the Trump administration politicizing the count, what are the stakes for all U.S. residents and future versions?

On this episode, Jake and Geoff discuss the United States' census. They take a look at it's history, purpose, and how the information is used. Jake and Geoff then explore some of the historical problems, costs, and address the issue of including a citizenship status question on the 2020 Census. Enjoy! --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/saywhatyoumeanpodcast/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/saywhatyoumeanpodcast/support

In our podcast episode today, Diana and I discuss how to analyze a census record, and the example of George W. Dillard in the 1850 Census. We go through the steps of making an abstract of all the census information, asking questions about the information on the census, making a hypothesis, then making a list of records to search that could answer the questions. We also discuss the non-population schedules and then what to do with the images of census records you find. Don't forget to download our Census Cheat Sheet packed with all the information we talked about today, and more. Links Back to the Basics with U.S. Census Research – Part II Relevant previous podcast episodes Other links discussed in podcast Non-Population Schedules “U.S. Federal Census Mortality Schedules, 1850-1885.” “Revolutionary War Pensioner Census, 1841.” “1890 Veterans' Schedules”  and the FamilySearch collection “United States Census of Union Veterans and Widows of the Civil War, 1890.” FamilySearch 1850 Slave Schedules.   Ancestry 1850 Slave Schedules and the 1860 Slave Schedules. U.S. Federal census – 1880 Schedules of Defective, Dependent, and Delinquent Classes. U.S., Selected Federal Census Non-Population Schedules, 1850-1880 collection Websites with Census Helps: Atlas of Historical County Boundaries Census Finder 1790-1840 Census : Birth Year Calculations Research Like a Pro Links Research Like a Pro eCourse Study Group - more information and email list Research Like a Pro: A Genealogist's Guide by Diana Elder with Nicole Dyer on Amazon.com Thank you Thanks for listening! We hope that you will share your thoughts about our podcast and help us out by doing the following: Share an honest review on iTunes or Stitcher. You can easily write a review with Stitcher, without creating an account. Just scroll to the bottom of the page and click "write a review." You simply provide a nickname and an email address that will not be published. We value your feedback and your ratings really help this podcast reach others. If you leave a review, we will read it on the podcast and answer any questions that you bring up in your review. Thank you! Leave a comment in the comment or question in the comment section below. Share the episode on Twitter, Facebook, or Pinterest. Subscribe on iTunes, Stitcher, Google Play, or your favorite podcast app. Sign up for our newsletter to receive notifications of new episodes.

In this episode, Leslie explains why "Where are you from?" is a question only satisfied by an answer that explains the origin of his brownness. He talks about his biracial struggle: not white enough for the white half of the family, and not brown enough for the brown side. We mention the excellent book So You Want to Talk About Race?, and the mindblowing Seeing White podcast series. The Identity series is a "Learning Out Loud" exercise; we don't have all the answers - we are really just learning how to ask the right questions. We encourage you to use this conversation as a springboard into your own inquiry about identity!Support Glimmering PodcastLinks:11 ways race isn’t real - Vox — Every time someone struggles to explain or select a racial identity, every time we have a public debate about should check get to check box, and every time a person's looks don't seem to match up with what they call themselves, it's a reminder that race is a social and political construct. But what does that actually mean?When Labels Don’t Fit: Hispanics and Their Views of Identity | Pew Research Center — Hispanics are also divided over how much of a common identity they share with other Americans. About half (47%) say they consider themselves to be very different from the typical American. And just one-in-five (21%) say they use the term “American” most often to describe their identity. On these two measures, U.S.-born Hispanics (who now make up 48% of Hispanic adults in the country) express a stronger sense of affinity with other Americans and America than do immigrant Hispanics.Census Historical Comparison Tool — A fascinating tool from the Pew Research Center that lets you see every single racial/ethnic category on the United States Census from 1790 to the present. Census may change questions on race, Hispanic origin for 2020 — Federal officials are considering major changes in how they ask Americans about their race and ethnicity, with the goal of producing more accurate and reliable data in the 2020 census and beyond. Recently released Census Bureau research underscores an important reason why: Many Hispanics, who are the nation’s largest minority group, do not identify with the current racial categories.So You Want to Talk About Race, by Ijeoma Oluo — In this New York Times bestseller, Ijeoma Oluo explores the complex reality of today's racial landscape--from white privilege and police brutality to systemic discrimination and the Black Lives Matter movement--offering straightforward clarity that readers need to contribute to the dismantling of the racial divide.Seeing White – Scene on Radio — Scene on Radio host and producer John Biewen took a deep dive into these questions, along with an array of leading scholars and regular guest Dr. Chenjerai Kumanyika, in this fourteen-part documentary series, released between February and August 2017.Why America adopted race-based slavery. — This article neatly sums up how and why the early Americans transitioned to using race (and appearance) as a justification for enslaving another human being.Slavery to Mass Incarceration: a brief history of white supremacy by the Equal Justice Initiative — A narrative of racial difference was created to rationalize and justify the continuation of slavery. That myth has simply evolved over time.

This is the introduction for the 2018 Garrity Perception Survey.  For more information please visit www.aboutperception.com In 1997, The Garrity Group embarked on its a journey to be a firm that shares its trusted public relation skills and unique New Mexico insights generously with its clients.In 2011, the firm stepped up its offering pursuing thought leadership through our annual Garrity Perception Survey.Over the past seven years' the firm has commissioned Albuquerque-based Research & Polling to conduct the annual survey.Each year, survey participants are interviewed by telephone (both landlines and cell phones) in the February/March timeframe. The scientific, statewide survey usesthecurrent United States Census as its guide, to ensure there is no “over” or “under representation” of geographic or demographic populations. Each year, the survey features responses of approximately 405 New Mexico residents, consistently providing a 95 percent level of confidence. 

Every 10 years, the United States Census counts and categorises every person living in America. But for Middle Easterners in America, there has never been a category option. And now, for the first time, there might be. Kerning Cultures is a Kerning Cultures Network production. Support this podcast on Patreon for as little as $1 a month. Support the show.

In this episode, CLU alumnus Ely Flores walks us through how the United States Census works, why it matters, and how individuals and communities can get involved to make sure every count counts.

At the start of 2018, we are nearly three years out from the formal start of the redistricting process that will redraw lines for every legislative body in Louisiana ranging from town councils and school boards, to parish councils, the Louisiana Legislature and our six congressional districts.The process formally kicks off at the end of 2020 when the results of the United States Census conducted that year will be released. In 2021, the redrawing of district lines will fall primarily on the legislative bodies that will then elect members from.But, before we get to that point, Louisiana will elect a new legislature in 2019 and that body will redraw not only its own district lines, but that of our congressional districts and, maybe, our Supreme Court districts.Dr. Brian Marks teaches political geography at LSU in Baton Rouge. He was a panelist at Fair Districts Louisiana’s Redistricting Summit held at the Lod Cook Alumni Center just off the LSU campus on January 19.In this conversation, Dr. Marks (who is programming director at WHYR radio station in Baton Rouge) talks about the various kinds of gerrymandering that has been used over the decades in attempts to lock in or lock out political advantage. We also talk about some earlier redistricting processes in Louisiana and the prospects for the use of an independent commission to carryout redistricting.Representative and House Speaker Pro Tempore Walt Leger III said at the summit that he believes Legislators should not be in the business of choosing their constituents, that it should work the other way around. He didn’t get much support for the idea from fellow Democrats. Removing politics from a political process is easier said than done.Louisiana’s current congressional district map was redrawn with the explicit purpose of carving out a new seat for Congressman Charles Boustany whose 7th District was taken away due to the more rapid population growth in other states. Boustany won the redrawn 3rd District in a 2012 race that pitted him against freshman Congressman Jeff Landry (who is now state Attorney General).Black legislators now believe they painted themselves into a corner with the 2011 redistricting which saw many minority majority districts that had super majorities of Black voters in those districts. The problem was, as Rep. Patricia Haynes Smith said at the summit, “while you’re getting seats that are safe for African Americans with that approach, you’re also creating white seats where people elected don’t have to take into account the interests of Black voters.We cover a good bit of ground here. I think you’ll find it worth your while.

In this episode we talk all about the art of redistricting, gerrymandering, what it is and why it matters. Segment 1: What is Redistricting? Simply put, redistricting is the process by which new congressional and state legislative districts are drawn. The reason redistricting is necessary is that population growth does not occur equally across states or districts, and so following the completion of the United States Census every ten years, the districts must be “redrawn” to ensure that districts have nearly equal populations. For the 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives, this means that every ten years, some states lose one or more congressional districts while others gain them. For the last round of redistricting, following the 2010 Census, ten states (IL, IA, LA, MA, MI, MO, NJ, NY, OH and PA) lost at least one district, while eight states (AZ, FL, GA, NV, SC, TX, UT, and WA) gained seats, with Texas gaining four. Looking at projections on who will gain and lose seats after 2020, a lot of the same midwestern states are losing seats, with Texas again a big gainer of 3 seats and other Sun Belt states set to gain as well. For state legislative districts, since each state has a fixed number of districts that does not change, district boundaries are simply redrawn according to where relative population growth occurred within the state. Segment 2: Sounds Important…So Who Draws the Lines? Obviously, even in instances where a state is not gaining or losing seats, the district boundaries will still need to change to reflect the current population of the state. In general, each state has guidelines related to the contiguity and compactness or the districts, and some states consider “communities of interest” and existing political boundaries. The exact process for drawing the lines varies by state, but the most important question is: Who’s in charge? In 37 of the 50 states, the state legislature draws Congressional lines, meaning that is the predominant method by which Congressional districts are drawn. In an additional 4 states (AZ, CA, ID and WA), an independent commission draws the lines, and in Hawaii and New Jersey a politician commission fills that role. For state legislative lines, the state legislature is responsible in 37 states, while independent commissions handle the job in 6 states and politician commissions are responsible in 7 states, including our home state of Colorado. Here in Colorado, the 11-person reapportionment commission consists of one person appointed by each party’s leader in both the house and the senate, plus three members appointed by the governor and four members appointed by the Chief Justice of the Colorado Supreme Court (currently, Roy Romer appointee Nancy Rice). Which party holds a majority on these commissions is often determined by who holds the governorship. Practically, this makes control of the state legislature and governor’s mansion critically important to the redistricting process. With full control, a political party is able to draw districts that significantly cement and enhance their power within a state using a process called partisan gerrymandering. As New York Times Magazine staff writer Emily Bazelon notes in a recent article on redistricting, partisan gerrymandering in 17 Republican controlled states (including some states that are traditional red states, like OH, MI, PA and WI) allowed Republicans in 2012 to win 72% of the seats despite winning only 53% of the vote. Similarly, in the 6 states where Democrats had full control, their candidates won only 56% of the vote but won 71% of the seats. Segment 3: That Doesn’t Sound Fair…What about Redistricting Law? Believe it or not, the problem of districts being unfairly apportioned used to be a lot worse. As late as the early 1960’s there was a state assembly district in Vermont that had just 36 people, while the largest district in the state had 35,000. And a rural California state senate district had 14,000 voters compared to Los Angeles’s only state senate district which had more than 6 million voters. Beginning in the early 1960’s the Supreme Court intervened to end these disparities, claiming jurisdiction over questions of legislative apportionment in Baker v. Carr (1962), and establishing the doctrine of “one person, one vote” for both state legislative and congressional districts. Practically, what this means is that districts have to be roughly equal in population, so that a vote in one district is worth as much as a vote in another. Federal law, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, also attempts to limit gerrymandering that is racially discriminatory, stating that: “No voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure shall be imposed or applied by state or political subdivision to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color.” In the context of redistricting, that means that plans can’t be intended to dilute minority votes, and they also can’t cause “retrogression” in minority political opportunity, whether intended or not. Prior to 2013, Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act required certain states and jurisdictions to seek preclearance from the Justice Department when redrawing lines, as described here. However, in the case of Shelby v. Holder (2013), the Supreme Court struck down the coverage formula that was used to require preclearance, based on the fact that it did not rely upon current data. So while Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act was not struck down, most of the jurisdictions that have had to seek preclearance for new redistricting plans in the past no longer have to do so. In an upcoming decision that will have far-reaching implications for how redistricting is done, the Supreme Court will consider in Gill v. Whitford (which centers on Wisconsin’s 2011 redistricting plan) whether partisan gerrymandering (as opposed to racial gerrymandering) violates the constitution. As Bazelon notes in her article, the plaintiffs aren’t asking the Supreme Court to stop gerrymandering entirely – they are simply asking the Court to say that it’s possible for it to go too far. They are also offering a second argument that comes from the 1st Amendment, that partisan gerrymandering “subjects a group of voters or their party to disfavored treatment by reason of their views.”  

ORIGINAL AIRDATE: February 18th, 1991 --- MacGyver infiltrates a homeless community to solve a string of murders in the community. MISSION: After the murder of a pastor friend of MacGyver's, he must work together with the homeless community to scrounge clues as to who is responsible. A local business with a shady past has a vague motive. This week's highlights include: Hoboken, New Jersey (Geography) Hoboken is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 50,005, having grown by 11,428 (+29.6%) from 38,577 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 5,180 (+15.5%) from the 33,397 in the 1990 Census. Hoboken is part of the New York metropolitan area and is the site of Hoboken Terminal, a major transportation hub for the region. Check out the article on wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey. Watch S6E16: "There But For the Grace" on CBS's website or check the alternative streamability of this episode here.

Jason Hartman has his mom back on the show to discuss her DIY property management/self-management strategies and one of her tenants who has occupying a property for 23 years - no vacancy! Then Jason interviews his Birmingham, Alabama Local Market Specialist (LMS) and talks to a caller/listener with some good real estate investing questions.Here's an excerpt from Wikipedia on this market:Birmingham is the largest city in Alabama. The city is the county seat of Jefferson County. The city's population was 212,237 according to the 2010 United States Census. The Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Area had a population of about 1,128,047 according to the 2010 Census, which is approximately one-quarter of Alabama's population. Birmingham was founded in 1871, during the post-Civil War Reconstruction period, through the merger of three pre-existing farm towns, notably, former Elyton. It grew from there, annexing many more of its smaller neighbors, into an industrial and railroad transportation center with a focus on mining, the iron and steel industry, and railroading. Birmingham was named for Birmingham, one of the major industrial cities of the United Kingdom. Many, if not most, of the original settlers who founded Birmingham were of English ancestry. In one writer's view, the city was planned as a place where cheap, non-unionized, and African-American labor from rural Alabama could be employed in the city's steel mills and blast furnaces, giving it a competitive advantage over industrial cities in the Midwest and Northeast.From its founding through the end of the 1960s, Birmingham was a primary industrial center of the South. The pace of Birmingham's growth during the period from 1881 through 1920 earned its nicknames The Magic City andThe Pittsburgh of the South. Much like Pittsburgh, Birmingham's major industries were iron and steel production, plus a major component of the railroading industry, where rails and railroad cars were both manufactured in Birmingham. In the field of railroading, the two primary hubs of railroading in the Deep South were nearby Atlanta and Birmingham, beginning in the 1860s and continuing through to the present day. The economy diversified during the later half of the twentieth century. Though the manufacturing industry maintains a strong presence in Birmingham, other businesses and industries such as banking, telecommunications, transportation, electrical power transmission, medical care, college education, and insurance have risen in stature. Mining in the Birmingham area is no longer a major industry with the exception of coal mining. Birmingham ranks as one of the most important business centers in the Southeastern United States and is also one of the largest banking centers in the United States. In addition, the Birmingham area serves as headquarters to one Fortune 500 company:Regions Financial. Five Fortune 1000 companies are headquartered in Birmingham. In the field of college and university education, Birmingham has been the location of the University of Alabama School of Medicine (formerly known as the Medical College of Alabama) and the University of Alabama School of Dentistry since 1947, and since that time, it has also become provided with the University of Alabama at Birmingham (founded circa 1969), one of three main campuses of the University of Alabama, and also with the private Birmingham-Southern College. Between these two universities and Samford University, the Birmingham area has major colleges of medicine, dentistry, optometry, pharmacy, law, engineering, and nursing. Birmingham is home to three of the state's five law schools: Cumberland School of Law, Birmingham School of Law, and Miles Law School. Birmingham is also the headquarters of the Southeastern Conference, one of the major U.S. collegiate athletic conferences.