Podcast appearances and mentions of Daniel Goldberg

Stephen Grootes speaks to Daniel Goldberg, Founder and CEO of Bridgement, about how technology‑driven, fast and flexible lending is helping South African SMEs bridge the delayed‑payments crisis and manage cash‑flow gaps of up to 150 days. The Money Show is a podcast hosted by well-known journalist and radio presenter, Stephen Grootes. He explores the latest economic trends, business developments, investment opportunities, and personal finance strategies. Each episode features engaging conversations with top newsmakers, industry experts, financial advisors, entrepreneurs, and politicians, offering you thought-provoking insights to navigate the ever-changing financial landscape.    Thank you for listening to a podcast from The Money Show Listen live Primedia+ weekdays from 18:00 and 20:00 (SA Time) to The Money Show with Stephen Grootes broadcast on 702 https://buff.ly/gk3y0Kj and CapeTalk https://buff.ly/NnFM3Nk For more from the show, go to https://buff.ly/7QpH0jY or find all the catch-up podcasts here https://buff.ly/PlhvUVe Subscribe to The Money Show Daily Newsletter and the Weekly Business Wrap here https://buff.ly/v5mfetc The Money Show is brought to you by Absa     Follow us on social media   702 on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TalkRadio702 702 on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@talkradio702 702 on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/talkradio702/ 702 on X: https://x.com/CapeTalk 702 on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@radio702   CapeTalk on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@capetalk CapeTalk on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ CapeTalk on X: https://x.com/Radio702 CapeTalk on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@CapeTalk567 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Relebogile Mabotja speaks to Daniel Goldberg, CEO of Bridgement, about how delayed payments have quietly become one of the most destructive forces in South Africa’s economy. With over R12 billion in overdue government invoices and SMEs waiting months sometimes up to 150 days to be paid for work already completed, the conversation explores how this crisis is pushing small businesses to the brink and what it reveals about deeper systemic inefficiencies. 702 Afternoons with Relebogile Mabotja is broadcast live on Johannesburg based talk radio station 702 every weekday afternoon. Relebogile brings a lighter touch to some of the issues of the day as well as a mix of lifestyle topics and a peak into the worlds of entertainment and leisure. Thank you for listening to a 702 Afternoons with Relebogile Mabotja podcast. Listen live on Primedia+ weekdays from 13:00 to 15:00 (SA Time) to Afternoons with Relebogile Mabotja broadcast on 702 https://buff.ly/gk3y0Kj For more from the show go to https://buff.ly/2qKsEfu or find all the catch-up podcasts here https://buff.ly/DTykncj Subscribe to the 702 Daily and Weekly Newsletters https://buff.ly/v5mfetc Follow us on social media: 702 on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/TalkRadio702 702 on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@talkradio702 702 on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/talkradio702/ 702 on X: https://x.com/Radio702 702 on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@radio702 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tehillah Niselow is in conversation with Daniel Goldberg, CEO at BridgementSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode, Daniel Goldberg, SVP of Sales and Growth at United Musculoskeletal Partners, shares how reducing friction across the patient journey and improving access can accelerate new patient growth. He also discusses the growing role of AI, market specific strategies, and measuring marketing ROI to support sustainable practice expansion.

In this episode, Daniel Goldberg, SVP of Sales and Growth at United Musculoskeletal Partners, shares how reducing friction across the patient journey and improving access can accelerate new patient growth. He also discusses the growing role of AI, market specific strategies, and measuring marketing ROI to support sustainable practice expansion.

In this episode, Daniel Goldberg, SVP of Sales and Growth at United Musculoskeletal Partners, shares how reducing friction across the patient journey and improving access can accelerate new patient growth. He also discusses the growing role of AI, market specific strategies, and measuring marketing ROI to support sustainable practice expansion.

O Brasil é uma sociedade de castas com um Estado disfuncional?Para Daniel Goldberg, um dos maiores investidores do país, a resposta é sim.Neste episódio de 'Hello, Brasil!', o fundador da Lumina Capital faz um diagnóstico duro da realidade brasileira: uma sociedade predatória, de soma zero, com baixíssima mobilidade social e ilhas de excelência cercadas por desigualdade estrutural.Nesta conversa franca com Maria Homem e Felipe Miranda, Goldberg analisa o governo Lula, as chances de Tarcísio em 2026, a crise do judiciário pós-Lava Jato e o escândalo do Banco Master. Ele defende que a única saída para o Brasil é um "choque de concorrência" radical para quebrar os estamentos que travam o país.Um episódio essencial para quem quer entender as verdadeiras estruturas de poder que definem o nosso futuro e por que, para Goldberg, "o sorriso do brasileiro engana pra burro".Temas em Destaque:[00:01:15] O Diagnóstico Cruel: Brasil como Sociedade de Castas[00:08:17] Por que o Problema está no Brasil (a colmeia) e não no Brasileiro (a abelha)[00:12:32] A Necessidade de um "Doido": O Choque de Concorrência para Mudar o País[00:39:50] "O Sorriso do Brasileiro Engana pra Burro"[00:41:07] Análise Eleições 2026: Lula vs. Tarcísio[01:08:43] O Judiciário Pós-Lava Jato: "O Brasil Piorou"[01:23:50] O Caso Banco Master: "O Vigia Não Foi Trabalhar"

Daniel M. Goldberg is the Partner and Chair of the Data Strategy, Privacy & Security Group at Frankfurt Kurnit Klein & Selz PC. He advises on a wide range of privacy, security, and AI matters. His expertise spans from handling high-stakes regulatory enforcement actions to shaping the application of privacy and AI laws. Earlier this year, the California Privacy Lawyers Association named him the "California Privacy Lawyer of the Year." In this episode… California is reshaping privacy compliance with its latest updates to the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). These sweeping changes introduce new obligations for businesses operating in California, notably in the areas of Automated Decision-Making Technology (ADMT), cybersecurity audits, and risk assessments. So, what can companies do now to get ahead?  Companies can prepare by understanding the scope of the new rules and whether or not they apply to their business, as the regulations are set to take effect on October 1, 2025, if they are filed with the Secretary of State by August 31. If that filing happens later, the next effective date will shift to January 1, 2026. The rules around ADMT are especially complex, with broad definitions that could apply to any tool or system that processes personal data to make significant decisions about consumers. Beyond ADMT, certain companies will also need to conduct comprehensive cybersecurity audits through an independent auditor, a process that may be challenging for smaller organizations. Risk assessments impose an additional obligation by requiring reviews of activities such as processing, selling, or sharing sensitive data, and using ADMT for significant decision-making, among others, with attestations submitted to regulators. The new rules make it clear that California regulators also expect companies to maintain detailed documentation and demonstrate accountability through governance. In this episode of She Said Privacy/He Said Security, Jodi and Justin Daniels talk with Daniel Goldberg, Partner and Chair of the Data Strategy, Privacy & Security Group at Frankfurt Kurnit Klein & Selz PC, about how companies can navigate the CCPA's new requirements. From ADMT to mandatory cybersecurity audits and risk assessments, Daniel provides a detailed overview of the complex requirements, explaining the scope and its impact on companies. He also outlines how these new rules set the tone for future privacy and AI regulations, why documentation and governance are central to compliance, and shares practical tips on the importance of reviewing AI tool settings to ensure sensitive data and confidential information are not used for AI model training.

In this episode, John McAllister sits down with Emanuel Unge, the creator of Cue Bids, the hottest app in bridge today. Emanuel shares how he discovered bridge at age 25. After years of poker and board games, and how that late start completely reshaped his life — leading him to meet his wife, build lifelong friendships, and ultimately create a platform that has transformed how players practice bidding worldwide. From his early simulations to today's sleek app used by the world's best, Emanuel opens up about the passion and persistence behind Cue Bids, why feedback drives innovation, and how features like Leak Finder are helping players spot weaknesses and grow. Along the way, he talks about competing in Sweden, balancing tech with family, his surprising victories at the table, and even what he'd say to Bill Gates if the two crossed paths at a tournament.   Key Highlights:

A bolsa brasileira realmente compensa o risco que você corre ao investir nela? Neste episódio do Market Makers, Daniel Goldberg, um dos investidores mais respeitados do Brasil, compartilha os aprendizados de anos de mercado e provoca: será que o prêmio de risco da bolsa brasileira ainda faz sentido? Ou estamos operando em um ciclo disfuncional onde só o CDI importa?Ao longo da conversa, Goldberg destrincha os principais desafios do investidor brasileiro: um sistema tributário caótico, um mercado de crédito ineficiente e um ambiente institucional que desincentiva o risco e a inovação. Ele ainda responde a uma provocação poderosa: se tivesse uma varinha mágica, qual parte do sistema econômico brasileiro ele reformaria primeiro? além disso, Daniel analisa o impacto da inteligência artificial no mundo dos investimentos e nos alerta sobre a obsolescência iminente dos modelos tradicionais de gestão. Você acredita que o investidor brasileiro está sendo bem recompensado pelo risco que corre? Ou estamos todos sendo enganados por uma falsa sensação de retorno?

Is your patient experience strong enough to fuel real growth? In this episode of Ignite, Cardinal's CEO Alex Membrillo is joined by Daniel Goldberg, Senior Vice President of Sales and Growth at United Musculoskeletal Partners, to dive into the intricacies of healthcare marketing, offering valuable insights for healthcare marketers looking to enhance patient acquisition and engagement. You'll learn about the importance of aligning marketing efforts with operational capabilities to ensure a seamless patient experience, from the first contact to the final outcome. The discussion also highlights the shift towards value-based care, emphasizing the need to measure outcomes and quality as key differentiators in the competitive healthcare landscape. By tuning in, you'll gain practical strategies for leveraging patient testimonials, optimizing full-funnel advertising, and utilizing data-driven approaches to improve marketing effectiveness and patient satisfaction. RELATED RESOURCES Connect with Daniel- https://www.linkedin.com/in/daniel-goldberg-9a707432/  Orthopedics Marketing in 2025: The Top Trends to Watch - https://www.cardinaldigitalmarketing.com/healthcare-resources/blog/top-orthopedics-marketing-trends-for-2025/ Marketing + Operations: Why Total Alignment is Vital to Growth - https://www.cardinaldigitalmarketing.com/healthcare-resources/blog/healthcare-marketing-operations-alignment/ How to Build a Full-Funnel Healthcare Marketing Strategy - https://www.cardinaldigitalmarketing.com/healthcare-resources/blog/healthcare-full-funnel-marketing-strategy/ What is a Patient Journey? Examples to Grow Your Practice - https://www.cardinaldigitalmarketing.com/healthcare-resources/blog/what-is-a-patient-journey-grow-your-practice/

Beyond roughly 1,700 NFL players, five to six million children participate in tackle football.  As a collision sport, brain (or TBI) and other neurological, bone, joint, ligament, muscle, organ and tendon injuries are commonly occur and frequently develop into long-term chronic conditions, particularly chronic pain.  Not surprisingly, the avg life expectancy of an NFL lineman - who played as few as one game - is just 55 years of age.  Prof. Goldberg's book examines how the NFL has for decades masterfully, successfully employed a set of strategies or scripts termed the “Manufacture of Doubt,” to avoid governmental regulation.  The NFL's success constitutes a an ongoing serious public health problem in it circumvents the precautionary principle upon which the entire field of public health is based - that is precautionary measures should be taken in the presence of a high stakes human health hazard even if definitive proof is lacking.  Information concerning Prof. Goldberg book is at: https://www.press.jhu.edu/books/authors/daniel-s-goldberg. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.thehealthcarepolicypodcast.com

Sophmoric, misogynistic, violent, and incredibly influential, this Canadian animated feature based on the science fiction magazine and featuring comedians from SCTV is equal parts terrible and awesome, and really brings out our inner teenage dirtbags. Also, we look at Richard Corben's original animated short Neverwhere, the basis for the comic book character Den and his segment of the film. Starring John Candy, Rodger Bumpass, Jackie Burroughs, Joe Flaherty, Don Francks, Eugene Levy, Alice Playten, Harold Ramis, and more. Written by Daniel Goldberg and Len Blum. Directed by Gerald Potterton. Based on original stories by Richard Corben, Angus McKie, Dan O'Bannon, and a really unimpressed and uncredited Jean "Moebius" Giraud.

Daniel Goldberg's journey through the intersection of media and healthcare technology provides a compelling narrative of innovation and adaptation. His career trajectory—from navigating Hollywood's demanding media landscape to pioneering transformative solutions in healthcare tech—underscores the crucial lessons learned at this dynamic intersection. This episode delves into Goldberg's insights and experiences, revealing how his expertise and passion have shaped groundbreaking advancements in both industries.  [00:16] - About Daniel Goldberg Daniel is the CEO of ENGAUGE LLC, a healthcare company. He started his career in film production in Hollywood. --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/tbcy/support

"Stripes" (1981), directed by Ivan Reitman and starring Bill Murray and Harold Ramis, is a quintessential early '80s comedy that perfectly captures the zeitgeist of an era that teetered between the absurdity of the Cold War and the ever-relaxing social mores. At its heart, "Stripes" is a comedic rebellion against the rigidity of military life, making it a film that resonates with the themes of individualism and anti-establishment sentiment prevalent at the time.The Plot & CharactersThe film follows the misadventures of John Winger (Bill Murray), a down-on-his-luck cab driver who, in a fit of existential despair, convinces his friend Russell Ziskey (Harold Ramis), a mild-mannered English teacher, to join the Army with him. Their journey from slackers to slightly less inept soldiers forms the crux of the story. Murray's portrayal of Winger is a masterclass in comedic timing and deadpan delivery, embodying the everyman who finds himself at odds with authority at every turn.Harold Ramis' Russell is the perfect foil to Murray's antics. His subtle and intelligent performance balances the overt slapstick and provides a grounding presence amidst the chaos. Together, they stumble through basic training under the watchful eye of their beleaguered sergeant, played by Warren Oates, who embodies the archetypal tough-as-nails drill sergeant with a secret soft spot for his bumbling recruits.Cinematography & DirectionIvan Reitman's direction in "Stripes" is both savvy and unpretentious. He allows the comedic talent of his cast to shine through, using a straightforward cinematic style that keeps the focus firmly on the characters and their shenanigans. The film is shot with a traditional approach that eschews flashy techniques for steady, well-composed scenes that support the comedic narrative without overshadowing it.Cultural Impact & Relevance"Stripes" came out at a time when America was dealing with the hangover from Vietnam and general scepticism about military interventions. The film taps into this sentiment by portraying the Army as a place where the misfits and the rebels not only fit in but thrive in their ridiculous ways. This subversive undercurrent helped "Stripes" resonate with a generation that was disillusioned with authority, making it a staple of 1980s cinema and a cultural touchstone for discussions about conformity and rebellion.Moreover, the film's influence can be seen in the way it helped to define the comedy genre for the decade. It paved the way for a type of humour that is both irreverent and introspective, giving rise to the careers of its leads and influencing other comedic works that followed.Humour & WritingThe humour in "Stripes" is both overt and subtle, blending slapstick with witty dialogue that mocks the seriousness of military conventions. Bill Murray's irreverent character is constantly skewering the absurdity he encounters, whether it's questioning why any sane person would want to be a soldier or improvising one of his many irrepressible speeches that rally his fellow underdogs to his cause. The script, co-written by Harold Ramis, Len Blum, and Daniel Goldberg, is sharp and full of memorable lines that have entered the pop culture lexicon, like the classic "That's the fact, Jack!"The screenplay also smartly uses its comedic elements to develop its characters, making them more than just caricatures. We see genuine growth in John and Russell, who, despite their initial lack of direction, find something resembling pride and purpose in their service, albeit in their typically unconventional ways. This transformation provides a satisfying narrative arc that balances the film's sillier moments with moments of genuine character development.Impact on Pop Culture"Stripes" also serves as a prime example of how comedy can reflect and influence societal attitudes. Its enduring popularity underscores its effectiveness at capturing the spirit of its time and offering a form of escapism while also providing commentary on real-world issues. The film's legacy can be seen in how it influenced the structure and tone of future comedies, which often adopted its blend of humour, heartfelt moments, and critique of authority.Additionally, "Stripes" is notable for its soundtrack, which complements its comedic and thematic elements perfectly, enhancing the film's atmosphere and reinforcing its light-hearted take on serious matters. The iconic scene of the platoon marching to a non-traditional cadence is just one example of how music and sound play integral roles in the film's appeal.Relevance TodayWatching "Stripes" today, it's fascinating to see how its themes of challenging authority and finding individuality within a conformist setting resonate in a contemporary context. The film speaks to the timeless struggle between personal freedom and institutional demands, making it as relevant now as it was in the 1980s. For new viewers, "Stripes" offers a snapshot of a particular moment in American history, both socially and culturally, while for others, it remains a nostalgic favourite that reminds them of their youthful rebelliousness.Final ThoughtsOverall, "Stripes" is more than just a comedy. It's a culturally significant film that offers a critique of military life through the lens of humour, making serious points about personal autonomy, friendship, and the absurdity of rigid institutions. Its continued relevance and popularity make it a standout film of the 1980s and a significant part of the comedy genre's history.In conclusion, "Stripes" is a must-watch for fans of classic comedy and those interested in a humorous yet insightful look at military life and personal rebellion. Its successful blend of humour, character development, and cultural commentary ensures that it remains an important and beloved film, resonating with audiences and influencing filmmakers decades after its release. Whether you're revisiting it or seeing it for the first time, "Stripes" offers both laughs and a thoughtful reflection on the clash between individuality and conformity, making it a timeless piece of cinema.Please follow the Podcast and join our community at https://linktr.ee/borntowatchpodcast If you are looking to start a podcast and want a host or get guests to pipe in remotely, look no further than Riverside.fmClick the link below https://riverside.fm/?utm_campaign=campaign_1&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_source=rewardful&via=matthew

CORTE EP #92: Luis Stuhlberger e Daniel Goldberg divergem ao falar sobre motivos por trás da saída do investidor estrangeiro do Brasil.

Acompanhou o Macro Summit? Inscreva-se para assistir todos os painéis:https://emprc.us/Geqqmj Luis Stuhlberger e Daniel Goldberg se reúnem pela 1ª vez após anúncio da sociedade entre a Verde a Lumina para falar de mercados, economia e investimentos na live de fechamento do Macro Summit. Convidados: Luis Stuhlberger (sócio fundador e CEO da Verde Asset Management) e Daniel Goldberg (sócio fundador e CIO da Lumina Capital) Apresentadores: Thiago Salomão e Felipe Miranda 

Macro Summit está chegando... já retirou seu ingresso gratuito? Thiago Salomão, Luis Stuhlberger, Daniel Goldberg e outros gigantes do mercado vão revelar as oportunidades de investimentos no cenário atual. Veja como participar do evento:  https://emprc.us/BW1PwN Convidado desta edição, o fundador do Market Makers fala sobre a expectativa para a renda variável no ano após a frustração das expectativas no primeiro trimestre. Entre os destaques da semana, Casas Bahia, Endrick e o Lollapalooza.

Landing a job at the London architecture firm you idolise right out of college is a good sign for any young architect, particularly one from another country. Landing the Great Court at the British Museum as your first project is another. Any architect starting out with these two achievements under their belt would wonder, ‘Where to from here?' Daniel Goldberg is known for his progressive approach to designing from the inside out, with a focus on spatial theory and anthropology. His childhood interests of art and the technical aspects of how things are built have evolved into a wildly successful architectural career focused on the psychology of the way people want to live.  As Founder and Principal at State of Craft – the multi-disciplinary global design studio famous for their integrated approach to architecture and interiors – he's worked on some incredible projects including The Shard residences in London and One Sydney Harbour. He's won the John Barrett Award, was nominated Young Engineer of the Year in 1999 and has had his work published in leading design magazines around the world including Wallpaper, Detail and Architectural Digest.  Listen in as Vince and Daniel discuss what he learnt in his formative years working for Sir Norman Foster, why designing a yacht is akin to designing a small world, and Edward Hall's 1960s science of proxemics spatial psychology theory.  https://www.stateofcraft.co.uk/ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

As the cooler months approach, we can anticipate a line up of gigs from big artists in Dubai. One artist who is set to rock the Coca-Cola Arena is Bastille. Concert promoter Daniel Goldberg joined me to give us all the exciting details, as well as the upcoming artists lined up. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

How has social media marketing landscape evolved for orthopedic practices, and where does HopCo fit into this evolution? Join us on this week's episode as we talk to Daniel Goldberg, Senior Vice President of Marketing Communications at HopCo. We discuss how programmatic display and omnichannel marketing strategies are transforming the way orthopedic practices reach potential patients. We also explore how HopCo has seen success with its programmatic ad campaigns and the importance of investing in video assets and building trust with patients. Daniel delves into how video content allows for easier creation and instant access to high-quality content and the implication of having an operational infrastructure in place.  Tune in to learn more about the social media marketing landscape for orthopedic practices! [00:01 - 06:39] Leveraging Omnichannel Strategies with Daniel Goldberg of Hop Co [06:40 - 13:09] How to Increase ROI with Video Assets for Orthopedic Urgent Care [13:10 - 19:47] Maximizing Clicks & Conversions in Sports Medicine with Video Content [19:48 - 26:15] Invest in Operational Infrastructure and Marketing to Grow Your Orthopedic Practice [28:16 - 31:18] Wrapping Up! Want to connect with Daniel? Follow him on LinkedIn, or email him at daniel.goldberg@hopco.com  Key Quotes: "A patient's first interaction with a physician used to be the first time they saw that physician. Now it's the first time they see their video.” - Daniel Goldberg “Those physicians who have high-quality video and have those one-to-one videos where they're addressing patients talking about outcomes, and treatment philosophies, they have a significant advantage over those who don't.” - Daniel Goldberg “You have to figure out what kind of practice you have and what kind of practice you want to build.” - Daniel Goldberg Subscribed Yet? Now you can! Subscribe to the Patient Convert Podcast and never miss a new episode! Subscribe for emails or use your favorite podcast app via Email, Apple Podcasts, Google Play, Spotify, or Stitcher, or visit my website intrepy.com Feel free to connect with me on LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram.   What We Do Check out our Healthcare Marketing Agency – Intrepy Healthcare Marketing Check out our physician liaison training platform – Physician Liaison University. Leave a Rating & Review for Other Listeners! I hope that you have found this episode and any others you have listened to to be helpful in your growth as a healthcare marketer or practice owner. Please consider leaving a review on one of the channels above. The best way to do that is to rate the podcast on Apple Podcasts and leave us a brief review! You can do the same on Stitcher as well. Your ratings and reviews help get the podcast in front of new listeners. Your feedback also lets me know how I can better serve you. Thanks for listening. Justin & Kelley Knott

In this episode we are joined by Daniel Goldberg, Sr. Vice President of Marketing and Communications at Healthcare Outcomes Performance Company to discuss the most important growth areas for the spine and orthopedic market share. Tune in for strategies on how to make your name stand out and achieve manageable growth.This episode is sponsored by HOPCo.

Analog Jones gets louder and nastier than ever when they review Heavy Metal (1981). Quick Facts Directed by Gerald Potterton Produced by Ivan Reitman and Leonard Mogel (the publisher of Heavy Metal magazine) Screenplay by Daniel Goldberg and Len Blum Based on Original art and stories by Richard Corben, Angus McKie, Thomas Warkentin, Bernie Wrightson Distributed by Columbia Pictures Released Date: August 7, 1981 Budget: $9.3 million Box Office: $20.1 million Rotten Tomato Score: 66% Tomatometer, 67% Audience Score Voice Actors Richard Romanus as Harry Canyon Joe Flaherty as Charlie, the lawyer Eugene Levy as Captain Lincoln F. Sternn Our boy John Vernon (Killer Klowns from Outer Space) as Prosecutor Harold Ramis as Zeke John Candy as Robot and Den - Great to hear his voice again. VHS Description Based on the fantastical illustrated magazine Heavy Metal, producer Ivan Reitman combines original artwork and stories by five of the world's most respected adult animators to create the otherworldly tale of a glowing green orb from outer space that spreads destruction throughout the galaxy.  Richly and lavishly drawn, Heavy Metal includes the science fiction writing of Dan O'Bannon (Alien, Total Recall), the character voices of John Candy and Harold Ramis, and a pounding soundtrack by Black Sabbath, Blue Oyster Cult, Nazareth, and many more.  Highly imaginative and full of surprising special effects. Heavy Metal sets the standard for alternative contemporary animation. An intoxicating experience not to be missed. How to listen and reach Analog Jones and the Temple of Film Discuss these movies and more on our Facebook page. You can also listen to us on iTunes, iHeartRADIO, Podbean, Spotify, and Youtube! Please email us at analogjonestof@gmail.com with any comments or questions!

In today's episode I present you our first Psychedelic Morning Show, Vol.1. A great live podcast collaboration I did with Joe Moore, from Psychedelics Today at the Psychedelic Science conference by MAPS in Denver, this June. To me, it was an incredible joint venture of two podcast. And a community service at a very early time of the day! (We kicked off 7.30 am, like good morning show does!) And we tried to keep it… fun! Trying to talk about drugs, weather and coffee, like you do in a morning show. Our first episode is wild. We had Julie Holland American psychopharmacologist, psychiatrist, and author plus Daniel Goldberg, Co- Founder of the Palo Santo Fund on the show, both famous for their highly entertaining conversations. Plus Melissa Lavasani, Founder and Chief Executive Officer at Psychedelic Medicine Coalition, Founder and President of Psychedelic Medicine PAC and Tracy Tee, founder of Moms on Mushrooms: watch out for their March of Mums in Washington next year. And the great Hadas Alterman, Director of Government Affairs | American Psychedelic Practitioners Association. Please enjoy Volume One! Volume two is one the way in 2 weeks!https://www.palosanto.vc/https://drholland.com/https://www.linkedin.com/in/melissalavasani/https://www.momsonmushrooms.com/https://www.linkedin.com/in/hadasalterman/ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

NISSAN SENTRA | AGENDE SEU TESTE DRIVE:https://www.nissan.com.br/test-drive.html?c020_model=29837?dcp=oth-aon-sntr-aud-nissanaon-t1-cpa-18+-na-non-non-prsen020217901102063304080808129129129020370202343403596-bra-lc&utm_source=oth&utm_medium=ifm&utm_campaign=nissanaon_sntr_aud&utm_term=prsen020217901102063304080808129129129020370202343403596&utm_content=t1-cpa-non-non_aw________________Masterclass Lucros Além da BolsaÉ possível multiplicar o seu patrimônio sem depender só da Renda Fixa e da bolsa. Fred Santoro e Gui Suetugo, em parceria com o InfoMoney, vão te apresentar a estratégia Diversificação 3.0 na masterclass gratuita Lucros Além da Bolsa. Faça agora sua inscrição. Link na Bio!Faça aqui sua inscrição gratuita: http://bit.ly/3Zu8zVz________________Lucas Collazo e Henrique Esteter recebem Daniel Goldberg, CIO e sócio da Lumina Capital Management no episódio ao vivo #189 do podcast Stock Pickers.Daniel atualmente é CIO e sócio da Lumina Capital Management e anteriormente foi Sócio e Head da América Latina da Farallon Capital Management, cargo que ocupou de agosto de 2011 a dezembro de 2021. Foi presidente do Morgan Stanley no Brasil de abril de 2010 a agosto de 2011. Entre janeiro de 2003 e dezembro de 2006, presidiu a área de Direito Econômico Secretaria do Ministério da Justiça, antigo órgão do sistema brasileiro de defesa da concorrência e defesa do consumidor. É bacharel e doutor em Direito pela Universidade de São Paulo. Além disso, ele concluiu um mestrado em Direito pela Harvard Law School.________________EQUIPE DE PRODUÇÃODireção de cortes, produção e edição: Nando LimaProdução: Mariana ShimojoRedes sociais: Rafaella Bertolini

Daniel Goldberg's CredentialsCheck out my podcast: Bits of GoldFind out about a cause I'm passionate about: Experience Camps!Click Here to Schedule A Chat With Me About Sharing Your Story on the Podcast!Click Here to Sign Up For the Weekly Newsletter!The Host's Email

This week on Analog Jones, Chris chooses an excellent Star Wars/Mad Max ripoff in Spacehunter: Adventures in the Forbidden Zone for us to review. We also talk about two TV series House of the Dragon (2022) and Trainwreck: Woodstock '99.  Quick Facts on Spacehunter: Adventures in the Forbidden Zone Directed by Lamont Johson Written by David Preston, Edith Rey, Daniel Goldberg, and Len Blum Story by Stewart Harding, and Jean LaFluer Distributed by Columbia Pictures Release date May 20, 1983 Budget $14.4 million Box Office $16.5 million Starring Peter Strauss as Wolff Molly Ringwald as Niki Ernie Hudson as Washington Andrea Marcovicci as Chalmers Michael Ironside as Overdog McNabb How to find Analog Jones Discuss these movies and more on our Facebook page. You can also listen to us on iTunes, iHeartRADIO, Podbean, and Youtube! Please email us at analogjonestof@gmail.com with any comments or questions!

If you love Heavy Metal (1981) there's a good chance you were going through puberty in the early 80s. Does that check out? Jason Furie and Adam Roth deep dive into this cult classic animation anthology full of bizarre and perverted stories. Did we mention the glowing green orb that embodies pure evil? No? Well that's in there too. And John Candy is in it!Visit Website | Join Newsletter | Support | Facebook | Instagram 

Iyun

My name is Jacob Steere-Williams, I am a Historian of Epidemic Disease and Public Health at the College of Charleston. I'll be guest hosting a series of episodes for this special program, but you can catch most of them with the regular host and founder of COVID-Calls, Scott Knowles. My guests today: Nadja Durbach is Professor of History at the University of Utah. She received her PhD from the Johns Hopkins University and is the author of three books on the history of the body in Modern Britain: Bodily Matters: The Anti-Vaccination Movement in England, 1853-1907 (2005), Spectacle of Deformity: Freak Shows and Modern British Culture (2010) and Many Mouths: The Politics of Food in Britain from the Workhouse to the Welfare State (2020). Claas Kirchhelle is Assistant Professor of History (Wellcome Trust University Award) at University College Dublin. His research focuses on the history of microbes, infectious disease control, and the development and regulation of antibiotics and vaccines. He has authored three books on the history of antibiotics in food production (Pyrrhic Progress, 2020 (Rutgers)), animal welfare science and activism (Bearing Witness, 2021 (Palgrave)), and typhoid control (Typhoid, 2022 (Scala)). He is also co-curator of two multi award-winning exhibitions on the history of penicillin (Back from the Dead) and typhoid (Typhoidland). Daniel Goldberg, is an Associate Professor at the Center for Bioethics and Humanities at the University of Colorado's Anschutz Medical Campus. Trained as an attorney, a historian of medicine, and an ethicist, his work is wide-ranging on issues of public health law and ethics, population-level bioethics, the social determinants of health, chronic disease, and pain. Dr. Goldberg has published in virtually every important venue, including the American Journal of Bioethics and the New England Journal of Medicine, and he's been extraordinarily active the past two years in op-eds and interviews about the ongoing pandemic.

The Hangover is a 2009 American comedy film directed by Todd Phillips, co-produced with Daniel Goldberg, and written by Jon Lucas and Scott Moore. It is the first installment in The Hangover trilogy. The film stars Bradley Cooper, Ed Helms, Zach Galifianakis, Heather Graham, Justin Bartha, Ken Jeong, and Jeffrey Tambor. It tells the story of Phil Wenneck (Cooper), Stu Price (Helms), Alan Garner (Galifianakis), and Doug Billings (Bartha), who travel to Las Vegas for a bachelor party to celebrate Doug's impending marriage. However, Phil, Stu, and Alan wake up with Doug missing and no memory of the previous night's events, and must find the groom before the wedding can take place. Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/BreakroomNachos Intro music by Dan Mason: https://danmason.bandcamp.com/

On episode #54 of The Vine, PMP talks to Daniel Goldberg, a Founder of Palo Santo, an investment fund that is supporting startup psychedelic companies that are purpose-driven and science informed. https://prettyeasypodcasts.com (Produced by Pretty Easy Podcasts)

Welcome back to the special episode of the Paradox Podcast!Today one of our co-hosts, Daniel Goldberg discusses the circumstances of his departure from our company with Shams Jorjani!We talk about what happens when a senior level manager leaves and what impact – good and bad – is felt in the company.0:15 – Intro1:58 – What we've been playing11:36 - What happens when a high-level executive leaves the company?15:57 - How do you hand over the leadership role?21:46 – Is there anything to worry about or hope for?28:11 – How is the “Lame Duck” period like for the departing executive?29:36 – Daniel's goodbyes and what's next for the podcast?You can also find today's episode on: • Spotify: https://pdxint.at/2HFshtu​• iTunes: http://pdxint.at/2BnBWBo​• Player.fm: http://pdxint.at/2EWTCnl​• Poddtoppen: http://pdxint.at/2CiqXGw​• Acast: http://pdxint.at/2ExBD9lWelcome​The Paradox Podcast is now back in a bi-weekly schedule! Join us in 2 weeks to meet Shams' new co-host!Support the show (http://paradoxplaza.com)

On today's podcast, we learn important lessons on resilience and living out your dream in a life that's full of ups and downs. Co-Founder of MAG-Sourcing and host of the Bits of Gold Podcast, Daniel Goldberg, shares his awe-inspiring experience with tragedy and fulfilling the journey to personal purpose that follows. “You cant control how much time you have on this earth. The only thing you can control is how you spend the limited time you are given.” ⏳ Tune to learn more about how we can all lead our lives with fullness and vision.

On this episode of Mushroom Talk, we have Tim Schlidt joining us to chat about the role that venture capital plays in the psychedelic space. We dive deep into what he looks for in a founder and company when he is investing, and his story coming out of the psychedelic closet. One important note that we discuss are his thoughts on the corporatization of plant medicine, specifically the role of patents. Tim is a mover and shaker in the VC Psychedelic space bringing us a ton of knowledge, wisdom, and guidance on finance and psychedelics. About Tim:Years ago, co-founders Tim Schlidt, Daniel Goldberg, and Tony Eisenberg saw the enormous therapeutic potential psychedelic medicines posed. After years of researching and networking in the space, they co-founded Palo Santo in 2020 to focus on investing across this emerging ecosystem of psychedelic healthcare companies. As a former investment banker and private equity investor active in the life sciences and healthcare services sectors, Tim brings extensive experience evaluating healthcare deals and offers a unique perspective to the nascent sector of psychedelic-focused biopharma Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Directed by Ivan Reitman (his first major motion picture)Written by Len Blum, Daniel Goldberg, Janis Allen, and Harold Ramis (Egon from Ghostbusters)Starring Bill Murray (in his first starring role), Harvey Atkin, and Kate Lynch.Released June 29, 1979.Budget of $1.4M ($5M in 2020)Box Office: $43M ($154M in 2020)Gross: $4.16M ($149M in 2020) At one time was the highest grossing Canadian film in the United States and Canada.Rotten Tomatoes: 72%IMDB: 6.2/10Bill Murrays costume were his own clothes.First of 6 collaborations with Harold Ramis in many roles, the others being Stripes, Caddyshack, Ghostbusters 1 & 2, and Groundhog Day.Filmed at an actual, working summer camp, Camp White Pine in Ontario.Plot:We open at Camp North Star, a cut-rate summer camp. Tripper giving a silly wakeup announcement. It cuts to an obviously boring, monotonous meeting. The old 80's trope of the nerdy head guy, and the cool counselor (Bill Murry, Tripper). Showing the kids loading the busses, we're introduced to Rudy, Spaz, and the rival summer camp, Camp Mohawk.SW: The ending of the announcements prepped me for this movie, Bill Murray flushing the toilet. The intro montage is SUPER 70's/80's campy. At the busses, some terrible acting. How old are the girls talking about getting smokes, 12-13? Hope it gets better. Funny stuff BM says to the reporter, stalk and kill a bear, sexual awareness week. Annoying theme song, kids screaming, “are you ready for the summer”The next few scenes are a lot of exposition; the first day at camp, establishing a social pecking order. Shows the viewer all the various cabins fromthe young children to the “jail bait” cabin. They move to lunch where the director is trying to talk, but the kids don't want info, they want gossip, sothe a girl stands up and shares the gossip with everyone, ending with Wendy being everyones wet dream. An intracamp soccer game, establishingthe relationship between Tripper and Rudy occurs.SW: First day: nerd kid unzipped pants. In the young kids cabin, the councilor shows compassion with the dead frog, surprising. Jailbait cabin is funny. Soccer game, sad kid is sad. The office scene: wow, sexual harassment much?Candace "kidnaps" Crockett in a speedboat and confesses her feelings for him. Tripper starts “Operation Late Night Excitement” gag. Parents dayoccurs, Tripper and Rudy continue to develop their relationship. Spaz and Fink sneak under the girls cabin, which hilariously backfires when thegirls catch them and pants Fink. There was a rivalry basketball game between North Star and the Mowhawks, which the mowhowks dominated.SW: The kidnapping was kinda funny. Bill Murry and the card game, showing his councilor heart of gold. During the “Operation Late Night”, Hardware was sleeping in his tool belt, kinda silly. Taking the guy from is cabin is so campy and unrealistic. But I get the joke. Parents Day: How long have these kids been there? A week? Why is the Nerd Guys dad there, he's a councilor in training. Sad kid is sad his dad didn't come. Nerd Guy and Fat Guy sneak under the girls cabin and OF COURSE they're talking about sex. Classic pants up the flag pole. Do like the classic gag of moving the sleeping director. Basketball game: Mowhawks are still rich assholes. Pantsing the other team: classic 80's power move. Tell story of pants kid in middle school.There is a dance where all the councilors are trying to get laid, then all the CITs go on a camping trip with Trapper. The climax is the annual rivalolympiad against the Mowhawks. On day one, Mowhawks dominate, but cheat also. Down, but not out, Trapper gives a rousing speech about how,“it just doesn't matter!” On the second day, their fates turn around, Fink wins the hotdog contest against the stomach, Spaz carries the tea cups,and Rudy wins the race. They end with a nice campfire and showing Trapper and Roxanne deciding to live together, and riding off on a motorcycle.Closes with one last gag of Morty being left floating in the lake.SW: Bill Murray was creepy with Roxanne at the dance. When they leave for the camping trip, giving sad kid responsibility and visibility. If all the CIT's are camping, who's watching the kids? Like the “ghost” story by the fire. Heard it before. I can't believe Roxanne slept with him after how creepy and forceful Tripper has been. Sad kid is still sad. Olympiad: Mowhawks are assholes, consistency is key. How Tripper mentions east and west Germany. North Star ALSO cheated to win, the fish down the swimsuit. Congrats to Nerd guy, and Fat Guy for finally winning one. Of course, it's up to sad kid to save the day… and does. The Run was weird, seemed like it needed music. ENDING: Sad kid is happy now, made friends. Like the North Star CIT song, felt genuine. Like the last Morty gag on the lake.BIG takeaway: Why is a 29 year old man, the head canceler at a summer camp? Isn't that a bit fucking weird?

This is a repost from 2018, an article caled Wired Into Pain: a history of the science of pain. I hope you enjoy it. I’ve also recorded an audio version to go with it!I am a Physiotherapist. Almost every person I see in clinic is in pain, and most already have an idea about what has caused their pain. If they are old enough, they might say ‘overuse’, or ‘wear and tear’; if they are younger, they might say ‘bad posture’ or ‘tight muscles’; if they have had a scan, they might say a ‘slipped disc’ or a ‘bone spur’. We accept these explanations prima facie. We consider pain to be a readout on the state of the body’s tissues. Or, as one doctor wrote in 1917, it is “the unerring medical compass that serves as a guide to the pathological lesion”.But it is only very recently that we have come to understand our aches and pains in this way. Since medieval times, until surprisingly recently, people commonly understood their pains in terms of their relationship to God, often as punishment for sin. Physical and emotional pain were entangled, along with mind, body and soul. This was the grim logic of medieval torture and self-flagellation: the truth of the soul could be accessed through the pain of the body.But, as historian Joanna Bourke records in her book The Story of Pain, this mixture of mind, body, soul and God also allowed people to feel pain as comforting: a “vigilant sentinel […] stationed in the frail body by Providence”, as one writer put it in 1832. For others, pain was redemptive: take, for example, the early nineteenth-century labourer Joseph Townend, who resolved himself to God after undergoing surgery without anaesthetic, and reflected at the end of his life on his “sincere thanks to the Almighty God” for his agonising conversion.Pre-modern physicians had a different perspective. Most understood pain according to humoural theory. Hippocrates and his disciple Galen considered all illness to be caused by an imbalance of the body’s humours — phlegm, yellow bile, black bile and blood — which ebb and flow in response changes in the body or its environment. This notion endured for many centuries. To one 18th century writer, pain was a consequence of “viscid blood [stopping] at every narrow passage in its progress”; to another, it was a “Nature throw[ing] a Mischief” about his body. Humoural theory is pre-scientific and seems quaint to us now. But, as Bourke points out, it accounts for an abundance of influences, from our personal temperament and our relationships to the alignment of the planets above our heads, on the pain that we feel.Over the coming centuries, at great cost to people suffering from pain, this insight was lost. This is the story of that loss; of how we arrived at the strange, wrong idea that pain is a straightforward “guide to the pathological lesion”; and of how an emerging re-understanding of pain shows us that it is more complex and more astonishing than we have thought for centuries.Descartes, dualism and the labelled line“The ghost in the machine” — Gilbert RyleIt is in the sixteenth century that we find the beginnings of the dominant modern understanding of the body and its pains. The rise of Protestantism and, amongst secular thinkers, of humanism, contributed to an increased focus on the individual and an understanding of the body as a natural, rather than a supernatural entity. Medicine became more interested in anatomy and the physical laws of nature. Vesalius published his On the Fabric of the Human Body, a compendium of illustrations of dissected cadavers based on the author’s strict, first-hand observations at a time when doctors were not accustomed to performing their own dissections. Later, physicians like William Harvey took principles from physics and astronomy to show that in many ways, our bodies can be understood as machines: pumps, pulleys and levers. Slowly, the body became less sacred and more scientific.It was in this spirit that, in 1641, the French polymath Renes Descartes published his Meditations on First Philosophy. This work contains a drawing that became the seminal image of pain for the next three hundred years. The picture shows a kneeling boy with one foot perilously close to a small campfire. The heat of the flame sends a signal (an “animal spirit”) up a channel to the boy’s pituitary gland, which Descartes reckoned was the seat of consciousness. There, the signal elicits pain, “just as pulling one end of a cord rings the bell at the other end”.This picture makes sense to us, it seems intuitively correct. But this is because in matters of pain we are most of us now, in the Western world at least, the children of Descartes. For pain scientists on the other hand, who have fought in recent decades to emancipate themselves from Descartes, this picture has has come to represent the original sin, the first big lie of the Western world’s understanding of pain.It’s crimes are twofold. First, it is the essence of an idea called dualism, which holds that mind and body are separate. The body feels pain, and passes this information on to the mind. For Cartesian dualists, the body is a machine and we are a kind of ghost in the machine, receiving information about its status.Second, the picture represents pain as being felt by a specific detector in the body, and passed up a specific pathway, the long hollow tube, to a specific location in the boy’s brain. Pain detectors, at the end of a pain pathway, that leads to a pain centre. This idea is called specificity theory, but in this post I’m going to use the term labelled line theory because although it is less common, I think it is more descriptive — a labelled line for pain.As it happens, Descartes’ idea was more subtle than the picture and its subsequent interpretations made out. In his defence, the historians Jan Frans van Dijkhuizen and Karl A.E. Enenkel point out that Descartes knew that pain is not merely perceived, like a mariner perceives his ship, but felt, as if the mind and body are “nighly conjoin’d […] so that I and it make up one thing”. Descartes knew that we don’t just have a body; we are a body. But this subtlety was lost: the picture of the little boy with his foot in the fire has a memetic power that has carried it, along with dualism and the labelled line, through the centuries.The nineteenth century“Nothing less than the social transformation of Western medicine” — Daniel GoldbergThis change came gradually. It was not until the nineteenth century, two hundred years after Descartes’ Meditations, that dualism and the labelled line for pain finally established their authority in medicine.They set in as part of a wider change in the history of medicine following the French Revolution that is sometimes now called the ‘Paris School’. The physicians of the Paris School transformed large teaching hospitals in the city to dedicate them, for the first time, to furthering scientific knowledge through rigorous observation of patients and cadavers, and the classification of disease. They explicitly rejected humoural theory, which held that illnesses are processes that are distributed around the body through the movement of viscous humours. Rather, physicians of the Paris School considered diseases to be the result of lesions localised to a single, solid organ.Influenced by the Paris School, Victorian physicians across the Western world began to search their suffering patients’ bodies for a local, solid lesion to blame for their pain. As one New York physician wrote in 1880, “we fully agree that there can be no morbid manifestations without a change in the material structure of the organs involved”. For the first time, doctors began to think like detectives on the hunt for the smoking gun, following clues provided by the body and its sensations (it is no coincidence that Arthur Conan Doyle was a doctor before he wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories, or that he made his character Watson one, too).This approach has tremendous diagnostic power. But, as we will see, even modern researchers find that our pain, particularly our chronic pain, resists reduction by detective work. How did Victorian physicians respond when their investigations failed to turn up a local lesion to explain pain? According to historian and medical ethicist Daniel Goldberg, many doubled down, hunting for anything they could find. As one surgeon put it, “any lesion anywhere in the body will do to account for an otherwise inexplicable pain”. And that meant any lesion: the surgeon Joseph Swann, or example, baffled by a woman’s 11-year history of pain in an apparently healthy knee, eventually attributed it to an imperfection he found, after much searching, in a nerve in her hand.Those that could not find a lesion anywhere explained unexplained pain as one inevitably must if one subscribes to the logic of dualism: if it’s not in the body, it must be in the mind. Goldberg tells the story of the surgeon Josiah Nott who, in 1872, took on the care of an American soldier whose leg was crushed in a railway accident. The leg had already been amputated by another surgeon at a point about halfway up the calf, but the soldier had developed phantom limb pains. The original surgeon, assuming there must be a local lesion at the end of a labelled line, had then amputated the stump, but to no avail. Nott, making the same assumption, took still more from the stump the next year, and still the patient felt no relief. Later that year, Dr. Nott operated again, removing tissues from three major nerves in the shank. This pattern continued until Nott had removed the poor soldier’s leg up to four inches above the knee, and his sciatic nerve up to the pelvis. When the patient’s pain returned after this final operation, Dr. Nott reasoned that he must have acquired an addiction to opioids which was inciting him to malinger (to exaggerate or feign his disease). Nott had, horribly literally, followed the assumed cause of the disease up a labelled line through the body and, not catching it, decided it must therefore be in the mind.This logic played out on a broad scale in physicians’ understanding of the now-forgotten condition “railway spine”, the widespread and mysterious back pain felt by the victims of train accidents. Initially, physicians thought that the trauma of a crash caused compression of nerve filaments that in turn caused pain. But as time wore on and their investigations repeatedly failed to find a tissue lesion to explain railway spine, even in cadavers, their suspicion grew that railway spine was not a ‘real’ condition at all. After all, weren’t most victims also seeking compensation from railway companies? By the beginning of the twentieth century, railway spine was known instead as “hysterical spine […] merely a psychical condition”. Dualism dictated once more that if we can’t find it in the body, it must be in the mind.1900 to 1965Anomalies, non-anomalies, and opening the gateAnomalies“[Pain] reveals only a minute proportion of illnesses and often, when it is one of their accompaniments, is misleading. On the other hand, in certain chronic cases it seems to be the entire disorder which, without it, would not exist.” — Rene Leriche, 1937The break from Cartesianism began at the end of the nineteenth century, when the great neuroscientist Santiago Ramon y Cajal showed that our nerves, spinal cord and brain are not one thing but composed of many smaller things (which came to be called neurons) linked by gap junctions (which came to be called synapses). Decades earlier, the English neuroscientist Charles Bell had suggested that the function of the nervous system is less straightforward than the labelled line in Descartes’s picture, and Cajal’s work was proof.As we can see by his extraordinary drawings, Cajal meticulously mapped the peripheral neurons in our arms and legs, running to the spinal cord, and the neurons running up the cord, and many of those in our brain. But, according to pain scientist and writer Fernando Cervero, the terminus for incoming peripheral neurons, the foremost part of the spinal cord that we now call the dorsal horn, was so dense and chaotic that it resisted even Cajal’s fastidious eye. He called the dorsal horn a maremagnum, a Spanish word that means ‘confused and disorganised crowd’, as in the bustle of a busy railway station. Cajal’s vision of a network of individual cells, with nodes of incomprehensible complexity, opened up the possibility that signals aren’t simply passed upwards in a linear fashion as Descartes had assumed, but are modulated along the way.The idea that inputs to the nervous system are modulated before they ‘become’ our sensations hints at an explanation for the odd persistent pains for which Victorian physicians could find no lesion. It also begins to explain the opposite phenomenon, lesions that cause no pain, which became unignorable during the brutal first decades of the twentieth century. Doctors like Rene Leriche, on the front line in the Great War, found that soldiers with dreadful wounds often felt no pain and could undergo surgery without anaesthetic. Leriche knew this was not willpower but “certain movements of the hormones, or of the blood”, a presciently non-Cartesian thought.During the Second World War, the American anaesthesiologist Henry Beecher built on Leriche’s observations by conducting a more methodical study at his post in Italy. He found that as many as three quarters of wounded soldiers felt little pain at the time of their injury. As one doctor put it, it was as if wounds and diseases “carry for the most part — most mercifully — their own anaesthetics with them”.One might think that such cases would have alerted the scientific community to the fact that our nervous systems are doing something more than passively relaying pain into our brains, as labelled line theory implied. But for scientists and doctors at large, anomalies that defied labelled line went on hiding in plain sight, “discovered” periodically and then easily forgotten as they had been in the Victorian era. Phantom limb pain, for example, was unignorable during the American Civil War, and then slipped once more from popular consciousness. The doctor and writer Oliver Sacks called these periods of forgetting scotoma, dark gaps in the scientific awareness in which the prevailing theory cannot explain common phenomena and instead shoves them in the attic to think about another day. The progress of science, wrote Sacks, is faltering and haphazard, “very far from a majestic unfolding”.Non-anomalies“Pain is the physiological adjunct of a protective reflex” — Charles Sherrington, writing in 1900“Pain remains a biological enigma — so much of it is useless, a mere curse” — Charles Sherrington, writing forty years later.(Quoted in Understanding Pain by Fernando Cervero)Rather than explaining anomalies, scientists studying pain at the beginning of the twentieth century focused on a series of discoveries that appeared, at first, to confirm labelled line theory. The British neuroscientist Charles Sherrington had coined the term “nociceptor” for the neurons that convey danger messages (elicited by things like heat, intense mechanical pressure or an incision to the skin) to the brain, and in the following decades researchers slowly but successfully identified and isolated these cells.Starting in 1912, American scientists performed the first anterolateral cordotomy, slicing through the part of the spinal cord that was theorized to carry danger messages to the brain and appearing to stop pain in its tracks. Later, the success of such operations would prove to be temporary, but the procedure did show that this part of the spinal cord houses Sherrington’s nociceptors. In 1927, the Americans Herbert Gasser and Joseph Erlanger established that different nerve fibers conduct signals at different velocities, and classified them according to their diameter as A, B and C fibers. A fibers were widest and conducted signals the quickest; C fibers were the most narrow and slow. They found that one sub-type of A fibers, A-delta fibers, conducted the relatively quick sensation of dull pain we feel when we stub our toe; and that C fibers conduct the slower, stinging pain that arrives later. Again, this neat distinction would later prove to be more complicated, but the discovery was further evidence for a labelled line of pain. Gasser and Erlanger were only able to look at conduction signals from a whole bundle of nerves and so it was not until 1958 that Ainsley Iggo was first to record individual A-delta and C fibers and isolate Sherrington’s nociceptors for the first time.Opening the gate“It may seem easy, but it was not” — Ronald MelzackDespite this series of discoveries in favour of labelled line, some researchers could not shake from their minds those confounding anomalies: pain without lesion, and lesion without pain. And so, at last, the science of pain began to wake from its scotoma. Some scientists began to propose a theory to compete with labelled line called pattern theory, which held that it is not the stimulation of specific nerves that causes the sensation of pain, but that the way in which nerves are stimulated, spatially and temporally. Pattern theory was vague, and had nowhere near the amount of evidence that supported labelled line theory, but it did hint at an answer to some of the anomalies that had been documented in the recent scientific literature, such as the way pain spreads beyond the site of an injury and the way rubbing a pain can make it temporarily feel better. Pattern theory was taken up in Oxford in the 1940s and 50s, where the brilliant British neuroscientist Pat Wall was beginning to develop ideas he would turn into gate control theory, a whole new model of pain.In 1959, Wall moved from Oxford to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he met Ronald Melzack. Melzack, a Canadian, had just arrived at M.I.T. to take up a post as assistant professor of Psychology, and found to his annoyance that he could not perform research on animals in the university’s Psychology building. So, Melzack decamped to Wall’s lab. The two quickly took up a discussion on the inadequacy of Cartesianism and decided to come up with a new theory to “entice spinal-cord physiologists away from [labelled line]”.From his previous research, Melzack knew the brain sends messages down the spinal cord to inhibit the messages coming up it, exerting a kind of ‘top-down’ control on incoming information. From his own experiments, inspired by pattern theory, Wall knew that different inputs into the nervous system are weighed against each other somehow in the spinal cord, competing to be ‘sent up’ to the brain. Despite their discussions, Melzack and Wall’s ideas remained inchoate until, in 1962, Melzack stumbled on the Dutchman Willem Noordenbos’s pattern-theory hypothesis that large A-fibers carrying touch signals might somehow inhibit small C-fibers carrying danger signals.Melzack calls this moment a “flash of insight”. Noordenbos had theorized that this modulation happened in the substantia gelatinosa, which is part of the terminus for incoming information at the spinal cord. Wall knew that large fibers and small fibers entered the substantia gelatinosa at opposite ends, and theorised that it was this setup that allowed the one to inhibit the other, like closing a figurative ‘gate’. The weight of signals from large and small fibers would determine what kind of message was allowed up to the brain.In 1963, Melzack moved to McGill University in Canada, but travelled South over the border when he could to visit Wall’s home in Boston where, over large amounts of duty free whiskey, the two put the finishing, definitive touches to their work. Their theory differed critically from Noordenbos’ because they proposed that the brain itself plays a role in processing at the substantia gelatinosa, by sending signals down the spinal cord to make the ‘gate’ more likely to open or close to danger signals. This was gate control theory.For the first time, science had a model that began to explain pain anomalies. According to gate control theory, for example, the brain of a soldier who has sustained an injury can send messages down the spinal cord to close the gate to incoming danger signals. Over fifty years have passed, and gate control theory has turned out to be wrong in lots of little ways, but right in one big way: it is modulation in the spinal cord and the brain, or the central nervous system, that explains why pain is so rarely the reliable sign of tissue status that Victorian scientists assumed it was.Neuromatrix theory“We need to go… to the brain” — Ronald Melzack“When you feel a pain in the leg that has been amputated, where is the pain? If you say it is in your head, would it be in your head if your leg had not been amputated? If you say yes, then what reason have you for ever thinking you have a leg?” — Bertrand RussellGate control theory was a great advance but Melzack and Wall knew their theory was incomplete. According to Oliver Sacks, it is by studying anomalies — phenomena not explained by the prevailing theory — that researchers wake from scotoma and begin revolutions in scientific understanding. So it was that Melzack’s interest in the anomaly of phantom limb pain led to neuromatrix theory, the next great boost that finally allowed pain science to escape to orbit of CartesianismIf people without limbs have phantom pain, Melzack reasoned, it follows that the origins of the pattern of pain lie not in the limb but in the brain. And not only pain, but the sensation of having a body in its entirety — its place in the world, its shape, its movements — is housed, in what Melzack came to understand as a series of loops and patterns of neurons, inside our brains. This brain architecture is the neuromatrix.Incoming information, then, is not what holds the essence of our sensations; it merely triggers the neuromatrix, already inscribed in the brain, to ‘produce’ the sensations we feel. If a boy puts his foot in a fire, the nerves do not tell a passive brain “here is pain”; the nerves simply say “here is an intense input”, and the neuromatrix does the rest.How do we get a neuromatrix? Melzack says it is inborn, but then shaped by experiences. So, your neuromatrix develops your own personal signatures for familiar pains, like the pain you might feel in your back when you bend. Crucially, the neuromatrix uses our thoughts and emotions to generate our sensations, as well as sensory information. This makes sense: think of a stroke on the leg from your partner and one from an unappealing stranger. The same sensory input feels different.So, if you believe the cause of your back pain is something threatening, like a suspected spinal cancer or a ‘slipped’ disc, it willfeelworse than if you believe it is something benign, like a muscle strain. If a conscripted soldier sustains a battlefield injury that means he will likely have to leave the trenches to convalesce behind the front lines, that wound may not feel as bad as it would for a factory worker, for whom it could mean a loss of livelihood. If you have just been made redundant, or become divorced, than the incoming danger signals from an incipiently arthritic hip might suddenly start triggering your neuromatrix to produce a deep aching pain in your joints.Pain is intimately integrated with meaning, and informed by the broader context of our lives. And there is no labelled line: pain is the output of a widely-distributed neural process that takes input from countless biological, psychological and social factors.The sensitive nervous system“Not under conditions of my choosing / Wired into pain / Rider on the slow train” — Adrienne RichResearchers have used the neuromatrix as a foundation to develop our understanding of pain. For example, towards the end of the 1970s, scientists began to establish that the endings of our danger messenger neurons, the ones Sherrington christened nociceptors, become more sensitive the more they are used, a process called peripheral sensitization. But perhaps the most remarkable development since Melzack proposed the neuromatrix was Clifford Woolf’s discovery of central sensitization.On completing his medical training in South Africa in the early 1980s, Clifford Woolf joined Pat Wall’s laboratory in London. He was not content with measuring the readouts from individual chains of neurons, and instead began to monitor broader bursts of activity which he thought would give him more insight into the pain system as a whole. He started to measure the output of the neurons that cause muscles to flex away from a dangerous stimulus (think of touching a hot stove and retracting your hand before you are even conscious of pain). Investigating on rats, he found that most of these cells responded to dangerous stimuli, such as heat and pinch, in a fairly narrow field — say, one toe. But, some cells had a very wide receptive field and would respond to even light, non-dangerous touch. Why would rats have neurons designed to elicit a withdrawal response to light touch?It took Woolf some months to realise that he was only finding these neurons at the end of the workday, when his rats had already been subjected to hours of pain-inducing stimuli. He calls this his “eureka moment”. He had not discovered that rats have certain neurons that are super sensitive across a wide receptive field: he had discovered that a rat’s nervous system becomes super sensitive across a wide receptive field when it has been exposed to prolonged danger. Woolf had discovered an ‘amplifier’ mechanism in the spinal cord. This phenomenon is central sensitization.Woolf was the first person to show that the nervous system is not hard-wired for pain but plastic. Prolonged nociception can change the behaviour and the architecture of the nervous system so that non-dangerous inputs (like light touch) are felt as painful, and dangerous inputs (like a pinprick) produce more pain than they otherwise would have done. To top it off, this whole pain experience also spreads beyond the original site of injury. The great physiotherapist Louis Gifford described central sensitization as like tapping X on your computer keyboard three times, and 10 X’s of different sizes and colours popping up on the screen.A mild and benign form of central sensitization is common and almost immediate after most injuries — after you burn your hand or sprain your ankle, it is your body’s way of protecting itself. But central sensitization can wear on and, in many cases, persist and get worse long after any injury has healed. If you or someone you know has widespread back pain that flares up with the slightest movement, or has osteoarthritis in their hip that seems to spread all the way down their leg, they might have central sensitization.Central sensitization can affect many different functions, not just pain. People with ongoing, maladaptive central sensitization can be tense and forgetful, and sensitive to bright lights, loud noises and chemicals. It is also a feature of irritable bowel syndrome, migraine and chronic fatigue syndrome, and often goes hand in hand with anxiety and depression.So long, labelled line: Grappling with complexity“Pain cannot easily be divided from the emotions surrounding it. Apprehension sharpens it, hopelessness intensifies it, loneliness protracts it by making hours seem like days. The worst pain is unexplained pain” — Hilary Mantel“The basic idea of pain modulation implies that the output can be different to the input at every stage in the transmission of pain signals throughout the brain” — Fernando CerveroCentral sensitization is just one discovery that has enhanced our understanding of pain. There are many more examples. Descending modulation is the ongoing process by which the brain sends signals down the spinal cord to simultaneously inhibit and facilitate incoming danger signals, a mechanism Leriche anticipated when he observed that battlefield wounds “carry […] their own anaesthetics with them”. In people with persistent pain, descending modulation may be set for a net facilitation of incoming danger messages. Researchers have also expanded our understanding to include the immune system, which aids and abets the nervous system as it produces pain. They have found out that nociceptors, far from lying waiting for an intense stimulus as Sherrington imagined, are actually firing regularly throughout the day, every time we use a pair of scissors, ride a bike or go on a long walk, without (if we are lucky) our neuromatrix producing the experience of pain. Conversely, clever experiments have shown that nociception is not even necessary for pain, giving credence to the stories of people who narrowly escape injury but, believing they have been hurt, writhe in agony. And, we know that stress, even the stress of early life events, plays a vital role in ongoing pain, and that our stress system and pain production system are intimately linked.The contrast between the byzantine, distributed complexity of the mechanisms of pain and the singular experience of pain — I feel it here — is remarkable. Scientists have made various attempts to simplify the mechanisms into something more understandable and more useful to lay people. The neuroscientist VS Ramachandran has said that “pain is an opinion on the organism’s state of health rather than a mere reflective response to an injury”, a stark contrast to the old-fashioned idea of pain as “the unerring medical compass that serves as a guide to the pathological lesion”.The scientists and physiotherapists Dave Butler and Lorimer Moseley put it elegantly:“We will experience pain when our credible evidence of danger related to our body is greater than our credible evidence of safety related to our body. Equally we won’t have pain when our credible evidence of safety is greater than our credible evidence of danger.”In other words, pain is not measuring damage, it is a protective strategy, just one of many (along with local and systemic inflammation, changes in movement like tensing or bracing, the feeling of stiffness, and so on) that the body enacts in response to credible evidence of danger.This evidence of danger often includes nociception (signals from tissue damage), but the neuromatrix uses many other sources, too. For example, if someone has back pain and a doctor tells you your x-ray shows “wear and tear” or “degeneration” in your spine, they have received a clear message of danger related to your body that is likely to make their pain worse. Indeed, people with back pain who get an MRI actually reduce their chances of recovery. On the other hand, if that person’s doctor (or physiotherapist!) tells them that the findings on their scan are normal age-related changes (or, better yet, doesn’t order a scan at all), that is a clear safety message. Safety messages can come from anywhere. Exercise can send safety messages to your neuromatrix, and so can a supportive workplace or having a friend around to talk to.ReflectionsSlow progress, hopes for the future and a note of cautionSlow progress“I am still not happy with what has been accepted” — Pat Wall, 1999Danger sharpens pain; safety soothes it. Why, then, do health professionals continue to give people with persistent pain credible evidence of danger? Apart from the obvious — that there is money in telling people their spines are crumbling and their pelvises are out of line, that they have muscle knots that need releasing and cores that need stabilizing — it is because, just as Descartes’ model of pain took almost three centuries to reach its zenith in Western culture, the neuromatrix, still only forty years old, has been accepted only falteringly even in medical circles, and hardly at all in the wider culture.Indeed, in many ways the twentieth century has doubled down on labelled line. Take, for example, the dominance of the orthopaedic understanding of low back pain, which the late Scottish doctor and historian Gordon Waddell called “the dynasty of the disc”. Waddell traces the tenuous association of the lumbar disc with low back pain to a fateful cluster of papers published at the beginning of the century by orthopods searching, like Victorian physicians had done before them, for a pot of gold at the (wrong) end of the labelled line. Even today, routine orthopaedic surgeries like lumbar fusion, knee arthroscopy and shoulder decompression are amongst the most low-value, least evidence-based treatments in healthcare, still performed largely because of inertia and unexamined Cartesianism.Many physiotherapists practice with the same habits. Like Joseph Swann, we might conduct a questionable root-cause analysis up or down a kinetic chain to find an ‘issue in the tissues’, settling on a pronated foot, a slumped posture or a valgus (in-falling) knee. Like Josiah Nott, when a patient has failed a course of ‘corrective’ exercise to ‘fix’ their body we might decide their problem is primarily ‘psycho-social’, a euphemism for in-their-mind. This is understandable, it takes great effort to shift from Cartesianism to the neuromatrix; I have been trying for years and I am still astonished when a new study is published showing, for example, that there are no major physical risk factors for a first episode of neck pain, but multiple psychological ones, like depression, and social ones, like role conflict. Still, it is imperative that medical professionals of all stripes challenge their colleagues who promote themselves as experts but who practice with unreconstructed Cartesianism.Hopes for the Future“While pain sufferers do not have the luxury of denying the reality of their pain, they can and do deny its legitimacy, thereby internalising the stigma so frequently directed at people in pain.” — Daniel GoldbergThe neuromatrix model has the potential to be immensely liberating for patients. For people with everyday predicaments of life like the back or shoulder pain we all get from time to time, there is the reassuring message that pain is not an indicator of damage and they are safe to move. In fact, movement, as opposed to protecting the painful joint, is the way to go in the long run. For people with more profound, widespread and recalcitrant pain, understanding why their pain is the way it is can help with the process of acceptance, and knowing pain is multifactorial can open up new therapeutic options to help calm down a sensitive nervous system.The neuromatrix could also militate against the way Cartesian thinking drives stigmatization of people with chronic pain. Cartesian dualism casts pain as a two-step sequence of events: the body senses pain, then the mind reacts. As recently as the 1980s, words like “hysterical” or “psychogenic” were used to describe people who appeared to be ‘over-reacting’ to their pain. It is this thinking that allows us to sort people into those who are responding appropriately to their pain, and those who are ‘being dramatic’. The saddest effect of this stigma is when patients internalise it, believing that they are not ‘coping’ properly with ‘a bit of back pain’.So patients and health professionals need to know that dualism is bogus: as Pat Wall himself put it, “the separation of sensation from perception was quite artificial… sensory and cognitive mechanisms operate as a whole”. Or, in the words of neuroscientist Fernando Cervero, “emotional, sensory and cognitive elements aren’t organised in a hierarchical way, but in a cooperative way […] interacting to generate the final pain experience”.A note of caution“Nineteenth century physicians drain[ed] pain of any intrinsic meaning altogether, making it little more than a sign or symptom of something else” — Joanna Burke“[The challenge is] to allow a rapprochement between the world of the clinician and the world of the person in pain” — Quinter et. al (2008).The neuromatrix and all its attendant discoveries have revolutionised how medical and health professionals should approach people in pain. It is a rare true paradigm shift. But there is danger in complacency. “Now is not a time for professional hubris or the proclamation of truth by a few”, warn the rheumatologists John Quintner and Milton Cohen. The battle to understand pain is only half won. It is all too easy to be drawn back into the orbit of dualism, not only between the mind and body, but between the clinician and the patient, or the researcher and the sufferer. Centuries-old habits die hard, and we have long made the person-in-pain an object of enquiry. But this can only take us so far; as Quinter and Cohen assert, “the pain of another person is irreducible to its neuronal correlates”. We can only really know pain through dialogue.It is difficult to talk properly about pain. Being in deep pain can be a harrowing, abject, solitary experience. And apart from anything else, often we just don’t have the words: Virginia Woolf, no stranger to pain, lamented that English has a rich vocabulary for love, but a meagre one for pain. The poet Emily Dickinson said that pain “has an element of blank”.But it can be done. Joletta Belton, a blogger with persistent pain, recently tweeted about the two clinicians who had helped her the most. “It wasn’t just their words” she wrote, “it was that they listened first. And understood. Listening matters […] I wasn’t interrupted or lectured, they didn’t try to ‘educate’ me or alter my narrative to suit their own […] I felt what I said was of value. I felt human, of worth. That’s invaluable.”It may seem strange to end a post about science with a note on the importance of listening, but in the context of the neuromatrix it makes perfect sense. Listening to people in pain is what’s needed to undo the damage that has been done, and take the progress that’s been made to the next level.Belton’s experience echoes a vignette reported by Joanna Bourke in The Story of Pain.During a medical consultation in 1730, an embarrassed patient found himself apologising to his physician for boring him with “so tedious a Tale”. The patient’s physician protested: “Your Story is so diverting, that I take abundance of delight in it, and your Ingenious way of telling it, gives me a greater insight into your distemper, than you imagine. Wherefore, let me beg of you to go on, Sir: I am all attention, and shall not interrupt you.”Selected bibliographyJournal ArticlesAllan, D. and Waddell, G. (1989). An historical perspective on low back pain and disability. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, 60(sup234), pp.1–23.Arnaudo, E. (2017). Pain and dualism: Which dualism?. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 23(5), pp.1081–1086.Baliki, M. and Apkarian, A. (2015). Nociception, pain, negative moods, and behavior selection. Neuron, 87(3), pp.474–491.Bourke, J. (2014). Pain sensitivity: an unnatural history from 1800 to 1965. Journal of Medical Humanities, 35(3), pp.301–319.Brodal, P. (2017). A neurobiologist’s attempt to understand persistent pain. Scandinavian Journal of Pain, 15(1).Cohen, M., Quintner, J., Buchanan, D., Nielsen, M. and Guy, L. (2011). Stigmatization of Patients with Chronic Pain: The Extinction of Empathy. Pain Medicine, 12(11), pp.1637–1643.Chapman, C., Tuckett, R. and Song, C. (2008). Pain and stress in a systems perspective: reciprocal neural, endocrine, and immune interactions. The Journal of Pain, 9(2), pp.122–145.Eriksen, T., Kerry, R., Mumford, S., Lie, S. and Anjum, R. (2013). At the borders of medical reasoning: aetiological and ontological challenges of medically unexplained symptoms. Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine, 8(1), p.11.Goldberg, D. (2012). Pain without lesion: debate among American neurologists, 1850–1900. 19: Interdisciplinary Studies in the Long Nineteenth Century, 0(15).Goldberg, D. (2017). Pain, objectivity and history: understanding pain stigma. Medical Humanities, 43(4), pp.238–243.Iannetti, G. and Mouraux, A. (2010). From the neuromatrix to the pain matrix (and back). Experimental Brain Research, 205(1), pp.1–12.Kerry, R., Maddocks, M. and Mumford, S. (2008). Philosophy of science and physiotherapy: An insight into practice. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 24(6), pp.397–407.Latremoliere, A. and Woolf, C. (2009). Central sensitization: A generator of pain hypersensitivity by central neural plasticity. The Journal of Pain, 10(9), pp.895–926.Melzack, R. (1999). From the gate to the neuromatrix. Pain, 82, pp.S121-S126.Melzack, R. (2005). Evolution of the neuromatrix theory of Pain. The Prithvi Raj Lecture: Presented at the Third World Congress of World Institute of Pain, Barcelona 2004. Pain Practice, 5(2), pp.85–94.Melzack, R. and Katz, J. (2012). Pain. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 4(1), pp.1–15.Mendell, L. (2014). Constructing and deconstructing the gate theory of pain. Pain, 155(2), pp.210–216.Moayedi, M. and Davis, K. (2013). Theories of pain: from specificity to gate control. Journal of Neurophysiology, 109(1), pp.5–12.Moseley, G. and Butler, D. (2015). Fifteen years of explaining pain: the past, present, and future. The Journal of Pain, 16(9), pp.807–813.Moseley, G. (2007). Reconceptualising pain according to modern pain science. Physical Therapy Reviews, 12(3), pp.169–178.Neilson, S. (2015). Pain as metaphor: metaphor and medicine. Medical Humanities, 42(1), pp.3–10.O’Sullivan, P., Caneiro, J., O’Keeffe, M. and O’Sullivan, K. (2016). Unraveling the complexity of low back pain. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 46(11), pp.932–937.Perl, E. (2007). Ideas about pain, a historical view. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8(1), pp.71–80.Quintner, J., Cohen, M., Buchanan, D., Katz, J. and Williamson, O. (2008). Pain Medicine and Its Models: Helping or Hindering?. Pain Medicine, 9(7), pp.824–834.Thacker, M. and Moseley, G. (2012). First-person neuroscience and the understanding of pain. The Medical Journal of Australia, 196(6), pp.410–411.Wiech, K. (2016). Deconstructing the sensation of pain: The influence of cognitive processes on pain perception. Science, 354(6312), pp.584–587.Woolf, C. (2007). Central sensitization. Anesthesiology, 106(4), pp.864–867.BooksCervero, F. (2014). Understanding pain. Boston: Mit Press.Butler, D. and Moseley, G. (2015). Explain pain. Adelaide: Noigroup Publications.Bourke, J. (2014). The story of pain. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.Moseley, G. and Butler, D. (2017). Explain pain supercharged. Adelaide: Noigroup Publications.Blog postsPain is weird by Paul IngrahamPain really is in the mind, but not in the way you think by Lorimer MoseleyCentral sensitization in chronic pain by Paul IngrahamMy own chronic pain story by Paul IngrahamEasing musculoskeletal pain Information leafletTell me your story by Joletta BeltonPodcasts and lecturesThe Pain Revolution by Lorimer MoseleyPain: past, present and future with Mick ThackerUnderstanding Pain in 2025 by Mick Thacker Subscribe at tomjesson.substack.com

• On this episode of Paradox Podcast: The Business of Video Games, Shams and Daniel discuss the Subscription Services in the industry. Listen in to their musing on the present situation and some future predictions! Discuss this episode on our forums: https://pdxint.at/2PpwHoW • Chapters:What we've been up to – 0:15Topic of the Day: Subscription Services – 5:45Answering your Questions - 34:17• The Paradox Podcast is a podcast about the business of video games, brought to you by Paradox Interactive. Daniel Goldberg (Marketing & Communications) and Shams Jorjani (Business Development and Acquisitions) tries to shed a light on a part of the industry which is seldomly spoken of.•  Spotify: https://pdxint.at/2HFshtu•  Soundcloud: http://pdxint.at/2EYDl15•  iTunes: http://pdxint.at/2BnBWBo•  Player.fm: http://pdxint.at/2EWTCnl•  Poddtoppen: http://pdxint.at/2CiqXGw•  Acast: http://pdxint.at/2ExBD9lSupport the show (http://paradoxplaza.com)

• On this episode of The Business of Video Games we finally get the "new" CEO of Paradox Interactive, Ebba Ljugerud, to talk about the first 13 months of being the CEO, as well as the future going forward.Discuss this episode on our forums: https://pdxint.at/2PpwHoW • Chapters:0:47 - Start2:14 - What have we been playing?8:29 - First 13 Months of the CEO• The Paradox Podcast is a podcast about the business of video games, brought to you by Paradox Interactive. Daniel Goldberg (Marketing & Communications) and Shams Jorjani (Business Development and Acquisitions) tries to shed a light on a part of the industry which is seldomly spoken of.•  Spotify: https://pdxint.at/2HFshtu•  Soundcloud: http://pdxint.at/2EYDl15•  iTunes: http://pdxint.at/2BnBWBo•  Player.fm: http://pdxint.at/2EWTCnl•  Poddtoppen: http://pdxint.at/2CiqXGw•  Acast: http://pdxint.at/2ExBD9lSupport the show (http://paradoxplaza.com)

• On this episode of The Business of Video Games we answer questions that you have posed over the course of the show.Discuss this episode on our forums: https://pdxint.at/2PpwHoW • Chapters:0:16 - Start1:29 - Nintendo Switch Lite7:20 - Q&A Start- - 7:38 - How Do You Feel About The Store Revenue Cut?- - 15:37 - What Projects Do You Do Research On?- - 22:04 - How Do You Manage Expectations?• The Paradox Podcast is a podcast about the business of video games, brought to you by Paradox Interactive. Daniel Goldberg (Marketing & Communications) and Shams Jorjani (Business Development and Acquisitions) tries to shed a light on a part of the industry which is seldomly spoken of.•  Spotify: https://pdxint.at/2HFshtu•  Soundcloud: http://pdxint.at/2EYDl15•  iTunes: http://pdxint.at/2BnBWBo•  Player.fm: http://pdxint.at/2EWTCnl•  Poddtoppen: http://pdxint.at/2CiqXGw•  Acast: http://pdxint.at/2ExBD9l#ParadoxInteractive #Podcast #QnASupport the show

• On this episode of The Business of Video Games we discuss how licensing works and why Paradox is doing more licensing than ever before.Discuss this episode on our forums: https://pdxint.at/2PpwHoW • Chapters:0:16 - Start3:20 - What Have We Been Playing?10:10 - Licensing• The Paradox Podcast is a podcast about the business of video games, brought to you by Paradox Interactive. Daniel Goldberg (Marketing & Communications) and Shams Jorjani (Business Development and Acquisitions) tries to shed a light on a part of the industry which is seldomly spoken of.•  Spotify: https://pdxint.at/2HFshtu•  Soundcloud: http://pdxint.at/2EYDl15•  iTunes: http://pdxint.at/2BnBWBo•  Player.fm: http://pdxint.at/2EWTCnl•  Poddtoppen: http://pdxint.at/2CiqXGw•  Acast: http://pdxint.at/2ExBD9l#ParadoxInteractive #PodcastSupport the show (http://paradoxplaza.com)

• On this episode of The Business of Video Games we invite Johan Bolin, VP of Sales at Paradox Interactive, to talk about how E3 matter to a midsized publisher like Paradox. We also briefly talk about Linux.Discuss this episode on our forums: https://pdxint.at/2PpwHoW • Chapters:0:16 - Episode Start1:17 - What Have We Been Playing?8:17 - Linux Support11:32 - E3 2019• The Paradox Podcast is a podcast about the business of video games, brought to you by Paradox Interactive. Daniel Goldberg (Marketing & Communications) and Shams Jorjani (Business Development and Acquisitions) tries to shed a light on a part of the industry which is seldomly spoken of.•  Spotify: https://pdxint.at/2HFshtu•  Soundcloud: http://pdxint.at/2EYDl15•  iTunes: http://pdxint.at/2BnBWBo•  Player.fm: http://pdxint.at/2EWTCnl•  Poddtoppen: http://pdxint.at/2CiqXGw•  Acast: http://pdxint.at/2ExBD9l#ParadoxInteractive #Podcast #E32019Support the show (http://paradoxplaza.com)

• On this episode of The Business of Video Games we invite Johan Andersson, Game Director of Imperator: Rome, to discuss the release of the game. • Chapters:0:15 - Episode Start4:10 - What Have We Been Playing?6:24 - Imperator: Release• The Paradox Podcast is a podcast about the business of video games, brought to you by Paradox Interactive. Daniel Goldberg (Marketing & Communications) and Shams Jorjani (Business Development and Acquisitions) tries to shed a light on a part of the industry which is seldomly spoken of.•  Spotify: https://pdxint.at/2HFshtu•  Soundcloud: http://pdxint.at/2EYDl15•  iTunes: http://pdxint.at/2BnBWBo•  Player.fm: http://pdxint.at/2EWTCnl•  Poddtoppen: http://pdxint.at/2CiqXGw•  Acast: http://pdxint.at/2ExBD9l#ParadoxInteractive #Podcast #ImperatorRomeSupport the show (http://paradoxplaza.com)

Discuss this episode on our forums: https://pdxint.at/2PpwHoW -On this episode of The Business of Video Games Daniel and Shams discuss the recent announcement that Epic Games is buying Psyonix, developer of the popular rocket powered car soccer game Rocket League, and their views on Epic's place in the games distribution space.The Paradox Podcast is a podcast about the business of video games, brought to you by Paradox Interactive. Daniel Goldberg (Marketing & Communications) and Shams Jorjani (Business Development and Acquisitions) tries to shed a light on a part of the industry which is seldomly spoken of. Spotify: https://pdxint.at/2HFshtu Soundcloud: http://pdxint.at/2EYDl15 iTunes: http://pdxint.at/2BnBWBo Player.fm: http://pdxint.at/2EWTCnl Poddtoppen: http://pdxint.at/2CiqXGw Acast: http://pdxint.at/2ExBD9lSupport the show (http://paradoxplaza.com)

Discuss this episode on our forums: https://pdxint.at/2PpwHoW -On this episode of The Business of Video Games Daniel and Shams talk about the recent announcements of Vampire: The Masquerade - Bloodlines 2 and that Paradox is working on a brand new strategy game with John and Brenda Romero.The Paradox Podcast is a podcast about the business of video games, brought to you by Paradox Interactive. Daniel Goldberg (Marketing & Communications) and Shams Jorjani (Business Development and Acquisitions) tries to shed a light on a part of the industry which is seldomly spoken of. Spotify: https://pdxint.at/2HFshtu Soundcloud: http://pdxint.at/2EYDl15 iTunes: http://pdxint.at/2BnBWBo Player.fm: http://pdxint.at/2EWTCnl Poddtoppen: http://pdxint.at/2CiqXGw Acast: http://pdxint.at/2ExBD9lSupport the show

Discuss this episode on our forums: https://pdxint.at/2PpwHoW -On this episode of The Business of Video Games we've invited Wendy Young, Senior Producer at Paradox Development Studio, to talk about her storied history in the games industry, from Barbie games for Gameboy Advance to the first Grand Strategy Game on consoles.The Paradox Podcast is a podcast about the business of video games, brought to you by Paradox Interactive. Daniel Goldberg (Marketing & Communications) and Shams Jorjani (Business Development and Acquisitions) tries to shed a light on a part of the industry which is seldomly spoken of. Spotify: https://pdxint.at/2HFshtu Soundcloud: http://pdxint.at/2EYDl15 iTunes: http://pdxint.at/2BnBWBo Player.fm: http://pdxint.at/2EWTCnl Poddtoppen: http://pdxint.at/2CiqXGw Acast: http://pdxint.at/2ExBD9lSupport the show

Discuss this episode on our forums: https://pdxint.at/2PpwHoW -On this episode we've brought in Rod Humble, studio head of the newly announced Paradox Tectonic studio, to talk about his experiences over the last 30 years in the games industry.The Paradox Podcast is a podcast about the business of video games, brought to you by Paradox Interactive. Daniel Goldberg (Marketing & Communications) and Shams Jorjani (Business Development and Acquisitions) tries to shed a light on a part of the industry which is seldomly spoken of. Spotify: https://pdxint.at/2HFshtu Soundcloud: http://pdxint.at/2EYDl15 iTunes: http://pdxint.at/2BnBWBo Player.fm: http://pdxint.at/2EWTCnl Poddtoppen: http://pdxint.at/2CiqXGw Acast: http://pdxint.at/2ExBD9lSupport the show (http://paradoxplaza.com)

Discuss this episode on our forums: https://pdxint.at/2PpwHoWIn this episode we've brought Jordan Weissman and Mitch Gitelman into the studio to talk about how these industry veterans got their starts and how they came to start Harebrained Schemes, developers of Shadowrun Returns and BattleTech.The Paradox Podcast is a podcast about the business of video games, brought to you by Paradox Interactive. Daniel Goldberg (Marketing & Communications) and Shams Jorjani (Business Development and Acquisitions) tries to shed a light on a part of the industry which is seldomly spoken of. Spotify: https://pdxint.at/2HFshtu Soundcloud: http://pdxint.at/2EYDl15 iTunes: http://pdxint.at/2BnBWBo Player.fm: http://pdxint.at/2EWTCnl Poddtoppen: http://pdxint.at/2CiqXGw Acast: http://pdxint.at/2ExBD9lSupport the show (http://paradoxplaza.com)

How secure are your servers? The best way to be sure that your systems aren't being compromised is to do it yourself. In this episode Daniel Goldberg explains how you can use his project Infection Monkey to run a scan of your infrastructure to find and fix the vulnerabilities that can be taken advantage of. He also discusses his reasons for building it in Python, how it compares to other security scanners, and how you can get involved to keep making it better.

It’s Christmas! Our favorite time of the year. We hope you’re enjoying your holidays and are surrounded by friends and family. We want to wish you all a very Merry Christmas! This is a slow week in the news of course but we still have some news for you. Obama bans oil & gas drilling in the Arctic & Atlantic, Trumps Border Adjustment Tax, More pipelines shot down and more! Have a question? Click here to ask. Show Notes & Links: Obama Bans Oil & Gas Drilling in the Arctic & Atlantic What Effect Will Trump’s “Border Adjustment Tax” Have? Enviro’s Launch Lawsuit Against Justin Trudeau Approved Pipeline Russia Signs 23 Energy Agreements with Japan Brazilian Firm, Odebrecht, to Pay a Record $3.5B in Petrobras Bribery Scandal Captain Jake “Red Stripe” Frederick Family Donation Page Weekly Rig Count As of 12/16/2016 – The American Rig count is +13 for the week at a total of 637 active rigs. Bulwark Has A Winner! Daniel Goldberg, Assistant Professor at Texas A&M University (Gig ‘Em!), You are the winner this week of Bulwark Long Sleeve FR Two Tone Base Layer! Congrats! Please, send us pictures when they arrive! CLICK HERE TO ENTER FOR YOUR CHANCE TO WIN! Get Mark’s Monthly Events Email Get Automatically Notified About Oil & Gas Events Once a Month Connect with Us Jake Corley | Facebook | LinkedIn | Email Mark LaCour | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedIn | Email | modalpoint.com