Podcasts about Mammalogy

Nesse #vAPODN vocês estão convidados a explorar o universo desse magnífico felino sul-americano: Leopardus geoffroyi, mais conhecido como gato-do-mato-grande. Conduzido pela maravilhosa Dra. Miriam Perilli, este episódio apresenta uma entrevista SENSACIONAL com a grande pesquisadora Dra. Flavia Tirelli, especialista no estudo e conservação de pequenos felinos. Ao longo da conversa, os ouvintes são imersos nas particularidades do comportamento, habitat, dieta e desafios de conservação enfrentados pelo gato-do-mato-grande. Dra. Tirelli compartilha suas experiências de campo, revelando detalhes intrigantes sobre a ecologia e o papel vital que esses felinos desempenham nos ecossistemas em que habitam. Além disso, os ouvintes têm a oportunidade de entender as ameaças enfrentadas por essa espécie, como a perda de habitat e a fragmentação do território, e como cientistas e conservacionistas trabalham arduamente para proteger e preservar esses animais incríveis para as futuras gerações. Por meio de histórias cativantes e informações valiosas, este episódio do "Que bicho é esse?" não apenas educa, mas também inspira um maior apreço e cuidado pela biodiversidade selvagem, destacando a importância de proteger espécies como o gato-do-mato-grande para manter o equilíbrio dos ecossistemas em todo o continente sul-americano. Flavia Tirelli possui graduação em Ciências Biológicas pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)(2007), mestrado em Biologia Animal pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (2010) e doutorado em Zoologia pela PUCRS (2017). Foi bolsista de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e Industrial - DTI - CNPq (2012), trabalhando com polinizadores nativos para o aumento de produção de culturas. Fez doutorado com ecologia de felídeos no bioma Pampa, orientada pelo o Prof. Eduardo Eizirik, e durante seu doutorado sanduíche, na University of Oxford, junto ao grupo WildCRU foi orientada pelo Prof. David W. Macdonald. Foi pós doc com bolsa Capes PNPD, atualmente voluntária, junto ao Bird and Mammal Evolution, Systematics and Ecology Lab, na UFGRS, coordenado pela Prof. Maria João Pereira. Possui experiência em ecologia e conservação. Principal foco investigativo ecologia e conservação de mamíferos carnívoros, especialmente felídeos. Flávia é membro do Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, assessora de felídeos silvestres do Instituto Curicaca, membro do GAT no PAN dos Pequenos Felinos e no PAT Campanha Sul e Serra do Sudeste. Além disso, Flávia atua como coordenadora de táxon (Felidae) para a definição do status de conservação dos carnívoros brasileiros (CENAP-ICMBio) e é a coordenadora do Geoffroys Cat Working Group (uma rede internacional de conservação do gato-do-mato-grande e de seus hábitats). É membro da Diretoria da Sociedade Brasileira de Mastozoologia (2021-2024) e do Cat Specialist Group/IUCN. Artigos citados no episódio: Tirelli, F.P, Trigo, T.C., Trinca, C., Albano, A.P.N., Mazim, F.D., Queirolo, D., Espinosa, C.C., Soares, J.B., Pereira, J. A., Crawshaw, Jr., P.C., Macdonald, D.W., Lucherini, M., Eizirik. (2018).Spatial organization and social dynamics of Geoffroy's cat in the Brazilian pampas, Journal of Mammalogy, 99(4),859–873, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyy064 Tirelli, F.P., Mazim, F.D., Crawshaw, P.G. et al. (2019).)Density and spatio-temporal behaviour of Geoffroy's cats in a human-dominated landscape of southern Brazil. Mamm Biol 99, 128–135 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2019.11.003 Trigo, T. C., Tirelli, F. P., Machado, L. F., Peters, F. B., Indrusiak, C. B., Mazim, F. D., ... & de Freitas, T. R. O. (2013). Geographic distribution and food habits of Leopardus tigrinus and L. geoffroyi (Carnivora, Felidae) at their geographic contact zone in southern Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 48(1), 56-67. Trigo, T. C., Tirelli, F. P., de Freitas, T. R., & Eizirik, E. (2014). Comparative assessment of genetic and morphological variation at an exten...

It's finally here, part 1 of our who-knows-how-many-episode series about WOLVES! Hang out with us while we chat about some wolf basics before we delve into the polarizing facts and myths about this canid in future episodes.Find us on all the things: http://linktr.ee/bearsandbrewspodcastLinks We Discussed:Wolves of Mt. McKinley, Adolph MurieDecade of the Wolf, Doug Smith and Gary FergusonIsle Royale Wolf ProjectThe Secret Lives of Fish-eating, Beaver-ambushing Wolves of MinnesotaIsland of the Sea WolvesWolf Books by Rick McIntyreSources Cited:“Gray Wolf.” National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 25 Apr. 2023, www.nps.gov/yell/learn/nature/wolves.htm. Mech, L. David. “Longevity in Wild Wolves.” Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 69, no. 1, 25 Feb. 1988, pp. 197–198, https://doi.org/10.2307/1381776. Premo, Alyssa. “History and Distribution of the Gray Wolf in the Pacific Northwest.” Wolves in The State of Oregon, blogs.oregonstate.edu/wolves/history-and-distribution-of-the-gray-wolf-in-the-pacific-northwest/. “United States: International Wolf Center.” International Wolf Center | Teaching the World about Wolves., 17 Dec. 2021, wolf.org/wow/united-states/. Williams, Ted. “America's New War on Wolves and Why It Must Be Stopped.” Yale Environment360, Yale School of Environment, 17 Feb. 2022, e360.yale.edu/features/americas-new-war-on-wolves-and-why-it-must-be-stopped#:~:text=By%201926%20all%20wolves%20had,reintroduction%20from%20the%20get%2Dgo. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In the 19th century, a heated dispute arose over the house sparrow and its introduction into North America. Elliot Coues and Thomas Mayo Brewer held opposing opinions on the matter which they defended their entire lives.  Research: Mosco, Rosemary. “Meet the Little Brown Bird That Holds a Mirror Up to Humanity.” Audubon. 4/5/2023. https://www.audubon.org/news/meet-little-brown-bird-holds-mirror-humanity Wills, Matthew. “The Great Sparrow War of the 1870s.” JSTOR Daily. 6/23/2016. https://daily.jstor.org/the-great-sparrow-war-of-the-1870s/ Sterling, Keir B. et al, editors. “Thomas Mayo Brewer.” From Biographical Dictionary of American and Canadian Naturalists and Environmentalists.” Greenwood Press. 1997. https://academicworks.cuny.edu/yc_pubs/9/ Glass, Chris. “The House Sparrow in Boston, Part I.” Boston Public Library Blog. 7/28/2022. https://www.bpl.org/blogs/post/the-house-sparrow-in-boston-part-i/ Glass, Chris. “The House Sparrow in Boston, Part II.” Boston Public Library Blog. 7/28/2022. https://www.bpl.org/blogs/post/the-house-sparrow-in-boston-part-ii/ Glass, Chris. “The House Sparrow in Boston, Part III.” Boston Public Library Blog. 7/28/2022. https://www.bpl.org/blogs/post/the-house-sparrow-in-boston-part-iii/ Ashworth, William B. “Scientist of the Day – Thomas Mayo Brewer.” Linda Hall Library. 11/21/2018. https://www.lindahall.org/about/news/scientist-of-the-day/thomas-mayo-brewer/ Burton, Adrian. “Suffering sparrows.” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. doi:10.1002/fee.2632. https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/fee.2632 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Elliott Coues". Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Sep. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elliott-Coues. Accessed 11 December 2023. Allen, J.A. “Biographical Memoir of Elliot Coues: 1842-1899.” Read before the National Academy of Sciences, April 1909. https://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/coues-elliott.pdf Evening star. [volume], July 28, 1886, Image 1. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1886-07-28/ed-1/seq-1/ Coues, Elliott. “Psychic Research” and “Can Ghosts Be Investigated?” The Nation. 12/25/1884. https://books.google.com/books?id=5ixMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA543#v=onepage&q&f=false Dearborn, Ned. “How to Destroy English Sparrows.” Government Printing Office. 1910. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc85667/m1/1/ Gurney, J.H. et al. “The House Sparrow.” London, W. Wesley and Son. 1885. https://archive.org/details/housesparrow00gurn/ Cutright, Paul Russell. “Elliott Coues : naturalist and frontier historian.” Urbana : University of Illinois Press. 1981. Thomas Mayo Brewer. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 15 (May, 1879 -May, 1880). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25138584 Brodhead, Michael J. “Elliott Coues and the Sparrow War.” The New England Quarterly , Sep., 1971, Vol. 44, No. 3 (Sep., 1971). https://www.jstor.org/stable/364783 Anderson, Warwick. “Climates of Opinion: Acclimatization in Nineteenth-Century France and England.” Victorian Studies , Winter, 1992, Vol. 35, No. 2 (Winter, 1992). https://www.jstor.org/stable/3828004 Osborne, Michael A. “Acclimatizing the World: A History of the Paradigmatic Colonial Science.” Osiris , 2000, Vol. 15, Nature and Empire: Science and the Colonial Enterprise (2000). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/301945 Fine, Gary Allen and Lazaros Christoforides. “Dirty Birds, Filthy Immigrants, and the English Sparrow War: Metaphorical Linkage in Constructing Social Problems.” Symbolic Interaction , Vol. 14, No. 4 (Winter 1991). https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/si.1991.14.4.375 Coates, Peter. “Eastenders Go West: English Sparrows, Immigrants, and the Nature of Fear.” Journal of American Studies , Dec., 2005, Vol. 39, No. 3, British Association for American Studies 50th Anniversary (Dec., 2005). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27557692 Coues, Dr. Elliott. “The Ineligibility of the European House Sparrow in America.” The American Naturalist. Vol. XII, No. 8 August 1878. Allen, J.A. “Notes on Some of the Rarer Birds of Massachusetts (Continued).” The American Naturalist , Feb., 1870, Vol. 3, No. 12 (Feb., 1870). https://www.jstor.org/stable/2446674 Robbins, Chandler S. “Introduction, Spread, and Present Abundance of the House Sparrow in North America.” Ornithological Monographs , 1973, No. 14, A Symposium on the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) and European Tree Sparrow (P. Montanus) in North America (1973). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40168051 Coues, Elliott. “On the Present Status of Passer Domesticus in America With Special Reference to the Western States and Territories.” United States Geological Survey. Extracted from the Bulletin of the Survey Vol. V. No. 2. Barrows, Walter R. and C. Hart Merriam. “The English Sparow (Passer Domesticus) in North America, Especially in its Relations to Agriculture.” United States Department of Agriculture Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalogy. Bulletin 1. Government Printing Office. 1889. https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=ofwYAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA1&hl=en “Thomas Mayo Brewer.” Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, Vol. 5, No. 2 (APRIL, 1880). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24723261?seq=1 Brewer, T.M. “The European House-Sparrow.” The Atlantic. May 1868. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1868/05/the-european-house-sparrow/628410/ “Zoology.” The American Naturalist, Vol. 8, No. 9 (Sep., 1874), pp. 553-565. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2448426?seq=4 “Zoology.” The American Naturalist, Vol. 8, No. 7 (Jul., 1874), pp. 425-441 (17 pages). https://www.jstor.org/stable/2447653?seq=12 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Summary: Do echidnas ever get on each others nerves? Join Kiersten as she talks about the social structure of echidnas to find out!   For my hearing impaired listeners, a complete transcript of this podcast follows the show notes on Podbean   Show Notes:  Short-beaked Echidna. Bush Heritage Australia, https://www.bushheritage.org.au Eastern long-beaked echidna, Animalia, https://animlia.bio “Home Ranges, Movement, and Den Use in Long-beaked Echidnas, Zaglossus bartoni, From Papua New Guinea,” by Muse D. Opiang. Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 90, Issue 2, 14 April 2009, pages 340-346. https://doi.org/10.1644/08-MaMM-A-108.1 Music written and performed by Katherine Camp   Transcript  (Piano music plays) Kiersten - This is Ten Things I Like About…a ten minute, ten episode podcast about unknown or misunderstood wildlife. (Piano music stops) Welcome to Ten Things I Like About… I'm Kiersten, your host, and this is a podcast about misunderstood or unknown creatures in nature. Some we'll find right out side our doors and some are continents away but all are fascinating.  This podcast will focus ten, ten minute episodes on different animals and their amazing characteristics. Please join me on this extraordinary journey, you won't regret it. This episode continues echidnas and the seventh thing I like about them is their social structure.  Overall, all species of echidnas are solitary animals. They spend the majority of their lives alone, only coming together during breeding season. Then mothers will remain with the puggles until they are about 7 months old and they are able to leave the den and forage for themselves. Outside of breeding season and puggle-raising duties, echidnas live solitary lives. We do base this information on what we currently know about this enigmatic creature which, sadly, is not a lot. They are hard to study in the wild because they are typically nocturnal and they often dig dens that they stay in during the day. Researchers haven't given up and do continue to try and learn as much as we can about their everyday lives.  A study published in 2009 looked at the home ranges and movement of the eastern long-beaked echidna, Zaglossus bartoni. The study showed that mature adult home ranges did not overlap with each other, but juvenile echidnas occasionally overlapped with female echidna home ranges. It is possible that these juveniles may have been the offspring of the females, but that was not proven. Home range size was estimated for 11 individual echidnas. Seven were positively identified by sex and 4 were estimated, giving a total of seven females and four males with three juveniles. Researchers strapped telemetry anklets to the subjects to document as many points as possible to estimate home range size. By the end of the research period, home ranges sizes varied from 2.2 hectares to 168.2 hectares.  If you're thinking that's quite a large difference in home range sizes, you'd be right. Let's look a little closer at these results. The individual with the smallest home range size only had 4 points of reference, so we'd probably throw that one out because of lack of data. The largest home range of 168.2 hectares was a juvenile with 43 points of reference, so most likely this is a good estimate of the home range. Because it's a juvenile, the researchers believe that it was still trying to decide on a home range and that's why it was wandering so far and wide. Most likely this is not indicative of a typical echidna home range size. This individual was also the one that overlapped with other home ranges. The more median size home range is what we're really interested in. This gives us a better idea of the typical home range size of the average eastern long-beaked echidna. If we add all the home ranges together and divide we get and average of about 25 hectares. This is a pretty good size home range, lots of area to find insects to munch on and a nice place to find a den. Interestingly, the home range with the most points recorded was a size of 75 hectares for an adult female. Considering this individual was recored with 65 points of reference this might be a more typical home range size, but it could also just be this individual's preference. This study was incredibly interesting and a great start to mapping out the needs of the eastern long-beaked echidna. So what makes a good home range? There are a few necessities that a good home range must contain. Food is definitely important. You must have enough food to sustain yourself before you settle down. Water is also important, but echidnas do not rely on standing bodies of water as much as other mammals. They can get water from the food they eat. The last thing that is incredibly important in a home range is a place to make a den. During this study, 223 dens of long-beaked echidnas were found. 209 of them were underground dens. Of the ones found above ground, it appears that most of them were utilized by juvenile echidnas. Maybe there is a learning curve for how and where a great den is created. Or the juveniles hadn't established a permanent home range, yet. When creating a den the echidna will dig out a main resting place with two separate entrances. That's good thinking there, always have an escape hatch. If at all possible these dens will be located on the side of sloped earth. It may be easier to dig into a sloped mound and it can also help keep the den from becoming flooded. Boy! These echidnas really know how to build the perfect house! Whenever I find out that an animal that mates with others of the opposite sex leads a solitary life in a fairly large home range, I know I always ask How do they find each other when it's time to make babies? I asked this question about the echidna. So how do they find each other? Through scent. When breeding season begins both males and females emit a scent that attracts the opposite sex to them. Most of the responsibility of finding another echidna lies on the male, and as we discussed in the reproduction episode, he'll travel quite the distance to ensure that he's the mate for her. The spur that all echidnas have at some point in their life may have originally been used for venom like the male platypus, but now it's used for secreting a substance that may attract females during mating season. The last thing we need to discuss about echidna's social lives is what happens when they encounter each other outside of breeding season. And that appears to be not much. No sources that I've used for this series have said anything about echidna on echidna aggression. It seems that when they do encounter each other outside of the breeding season, they just kind of avoid each other. During breeding season, the worst a male will do to another male is push them out of the love train. No blood and guts death matches for echidnas.  That's it for the social structure of echidnas. Thanks for listening to this episode because the social lives of echidnas is my seventh favorite thing about them.   If you're enjoying this podcast please recommend me to friends and family and take a moment to give me a rating on whatever platform your listening. It will help me reach more listeners and give the animals I talk about an even better chance at change.    Join me next week for another episode about echidnas.       (Piano Music plays)  This has been an episode of Ten Things I like About with Kiersten and Company. Original music written and performed by Katherine Camp, piano extraordinaire.

Summary: Join Kiersten as she takes a closer look at the habitats in which echidnas are found.    For my hearing impaired listeners, a complete transcript of this podcast follows the show notes on Podbean   Show Notes: Short-beaked Echidna. Bush Heritage Australia, https://www.bushheritage.org.au “Home Ranges, Movement, and Den Use in Long-Beaked Echidnas, Zaglossus Barton, From Papua New Guinea,” by Muse D.Opiang. Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 90,Issue 2, 14 April 2009, pages 340-346. https://doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-108.1 Eastern long-beaked echidna, Animalia, https://animlia.bio Expedition Cyclops: https://www.expeditioncyclops.org/echidna “How the echidna lost its venom,” by Verity Leatherdale, University of Sydney, 13 November 2013. Music written and performed by Katherine Camp   Transcript  (Piano music plays) Kiersten - This is Ten Things I Like About…a ten minute, ten episode podcast about unknown or misunderstood wildlife. (Piano music stops) Welcome to Ten Things I Like About… I'm Kiersten, your host, and this is a podcast about misunderstood or unknown creatures in nature. Some we'll find right out side our doors and some are continents away but all are fascinating.  This podcast will focus ten, ten minute episodes on different animals and their amazing characteristics. Please join me on this extraordinary journey, you won't regret it. This episode continues echidnas and the second thing I like about this monotreme is their habitat. We talked a little bit about this in the first episode, but I want to dig a bit deeper into where each species is found. We know they are from Australia and surrounding areas but let's look at exactly what kind of habitat they prefer. The short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeates) is Australia's most widespread native mammal. It is common throughout most of temperate Australia and lowland New Guinea. They can be found in Tasmania, King Island, Flinders Island, and Kangaroo Island.  Almost every kind of habitat can be home to these shy creatures. Snow-covered mountains, montane forests, desert habitat, and even urban environments are home to the short-beaked echidna. The main requirement for echidna friendly habitat is a way to help keep them sheltered in extreme weather. They also tend to favor areas with soil that's easy to dig into, but they are great diggers so they can survive with tougher soil. The eastern long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus bartoni), also known as, Barton's long-beaked echidna is found in New Guinea. It'  s found in the Central Cordillera and in Huon Peninsula. They inhabit tropical hill forests, sub-alpine forests, upland grasslands, and scrub. They are mainly found in the eastern half of New Guinea at elevations from 6,600 feet to 9,800 feet or 2 to 3 thousand meters. Some have even been seen as high as 13,000 feet or 4,100 meters.  This species of echidna has long, dense fur with spines sprinkled throughout. Their thick fur helps keep them warm in colder weather. They have five long claws on their front feet and four on their back feet. These echidnas lack a tail, unlike the short-beaked echidna. According to a scientific study published in the Journal of Mammalogy in 2009, males of Zaglossus bartoni are smaller than females. Eastern long-beaked echidnas are typically found in dense vegetation and underground burrows. The western long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus bruijnii) is found in the Bird's Head peninsula and Foja Mountains of West Papua and Papua provinces. They are endemic to the Vogelkop region of New Guinea including the Arfak, Tamrau, Fak Fak, possibly the Charles Louis Mountains, as well as island of Salawati. They prefer alpine meadows and humid montane forests.  Sir David's Long-beaked echidna, named after the famous naturalist and wild animal advocate David Attenborough, is found in only one area, and as I mentioned in the first episode all we have to go on with this species is a specimen captured in the 1960's. We know where they live because we see the evidence of their existence. Holes in the ground called nose pokes are indicative of echidna activity. In 2007, an expedition to the Cyclops Mountains of Indonesia in the region of Papua recorded nose pokes and received information from locals about the existence of this echidna. They did not see a live echidna  but they were hopeful that reports were correct and the animal still lived. Because we'd thought it was extinct.  Here's the really exciting information about Sir David's long-beaked echidna. An expedition in 2023 to the Cyclops mountain caught video evidence of a live Zaglossus attenboroughi on a remote camera trap. It was the last day of the expedition and they had seen nose pokes in previously reported areas, but once again they thought they'd get no visual conformation until….there ii was waddling along triggering the camera to record video of its existence! We thought they were extinct for 60 years and researchers had rediscovered them!  It's very exciting. This species is found only in the Cyclops Mountains in tropical montane moss forest of the extreme northern Papua Province. There is the possibility that they may be in nearby regions but those areas have yet to be adequately surveyed. With definitive proof of Sir David's long-beaked echidna in the Cyclops Mountains maybe we can branch out and survey nearby areas.  As I was reading the scientific paper in the Journal of Mammalogy (yes, I just admitted to reading scientific papers) about the home ranges, movement, and den use of Zaglossus bartoni, I realized that I neglected to talk about a few interesting characteristics of echidnas in the first episode. I'm going to include them here. First I completely forgot to mention that echidnas have spurs. All species have spurs on their back legs. Both males and females have these spurs on their back legs, but some females loose them as they age. Both extant monotremes, the platypus and the echidna, have spurs. In platypus only the males have spurs and the substance that the spur excrete is a venom. The echidna's spurs excrete something completely different. Echina spurs act more like a scent gland. It is used during breeding season to excrete a waxy substance that may be used to locate potential mates. The second interesting fact about echidnas is that at one time there were only two species of echidna. The short-beaked echidna and the long-beaked echidna. Upon further examination, scientists determined that there were three distinct species of long-beaked echidna. In 1998 researchers reported differences in skull morphology, body size, fur coloration, and the number of clawed toes on the front and back feet. The differences were significant enough that scientists decided that the long-beaked echidnas should be separated into three species. On this note, there is some thinking that the eastern long-beaked echidna may be divided again into more species, but research is still on going.   That's all for echidna habitats, I'm glad you listened to this episode because where echidnas live is my second favorite thing about them. If you're enjoying this podcast please recommend me to friends and family and take a moment to give me a rating on whatever platform your listening. It will help me reach more listeners and give the animals I talk about an even better chance at change.    Join me next week for another episode about echidnas.       (Piano Music plays)  This has been an episode of Ten Things I like About with Kiersten and Company. Original music written and performed by Katherine Camp, piano extraordinaire.

Ornithology. Herpetology. Mammalogy. When you hear these words what do you think of? You're probably aware of the meaning behind the suffix “ology,” meaning “the study of,” which may make you think these words solely refer to rigorous scientific study, test tubes and all. What if I told you an ology such as ornithology, the study of birds, doesn't have to be so alien. Joining Will is Meg, a socioecological researcher and scientist whose work has taken her far and wide exploring the connection between people and nature, and creatures and nature. This episode explores a common yet awe-inspiring, giant bird- the great blue heron! GBH are adored throughout North America for their ability to transport people back to the prehistoric era and experience what it may have been like to witness dinosaurs. Will and Meg discuss some quirky facts about heron nesting, confusingly similar subspecies, and a whole lot of other cool, herony facts! After learning about the GBH it's easy to see how a tiny spark of interest in the scientific world, or birds, can ignite a lifelong passion for learning! Great blue herons are key indicator species- species with a lot of data on them which can be used to gauge the health of an ecosystem. What kind of DIY research can you conduct relating to this important bird? Be sure to check out the Will's Birdbrain Instagram account for complementary episode photos and videos, plus many other awesome bird photos/stories! https://www.instagram.com/wills_birdbrain/?hl=enGot a favorite bird you'd like to hear discussed on the Podcast? Shoot Will an email and let him know what you'd like to hear, share a birding story, or just say what's up! Email inquiries - willsbirdbrain@gmail.comWill's Birdbrain has merch! Consider grabbing a sticker or two of your favorite common bird! Proceeds will go straight into funding more episodes and spreading the joy of birding!Shop - https://www.etsy.com/shop/WillsBirdbrain?ref=simple-shop-header-name&listing_id=1361667746Love the show, consider supporting me on Patreon! Your support and interest is extremely helpful and encouraging! The goal of the Podcast is to share the love of birds, so be sure to share with your friends and family too. Together let's show some love to these common critters that so often get overlooked. I cannot do it without you.Click the link to sign up: https://www.patreon.com/willsbirdbrainHuge shout out to Kayta, Catherine, Josh, Shane, Margi, and Karene for being Patrons and keeping the common critters in mind!Support the show

Staudenmaier, A.R. et al. (2021) ‘Mule deer do more with less: Comparing their nutritional requirements and tolerances with white-tailed deer', Journal of Mammalogy, 103(1), pp. 178–195. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyab116.   Heffelfinger, J. et al. (2023) Ecology and management of black-tailed and mule deer of North America. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.   Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/paul-yudin/your-adrenaline License code: QWS1TG5BYTFK2PCL  

Um animal que intrigou a mente dos naturalistas europeus, devido a sua morfologia paradoxal. Separe meia horinha do seu dia e conheça com a Mila Massuda mamífero com bico de pato, o ornitorrinco.   Apresentação: Mila Massuda (@milamassuda) Roteiro: Mila Massuda (@milamassuda) e Emilio Garcia (@emilioblablalogia) Edição: @Matheus_Heredia (@mewmediaLAB) Produção: Prof. Vítor Soares (@profvitorsoares) e BláBláLogia (@blablalogia)   REFERÊNCIAS:   BINO, Gilad etal. The platypus: evolutionary history, biology, and an uncertain future. Journal of Mammalogy, v. 100, n. 2, p. 308-327, 2019. FURLAN, Elise Marie. Investigations ofmorphological and genetic variation in the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus. University of Melbourne, Department of Genetics, 2011.

I largely thought I knew what a home range was and after reading about it some more my visual representation of a home range has gotten smaller and more defined. Just because an elk or deer passes through an area does not qualify it as "Home Range". Home range can for me be defined as an area or map in the mind that is constantly being updated by the places we visit the most and not by the places we pass by. It is important to try and understand the decision before trying to understand what a home range is. Decisions will effect what we call a home range.   Powell, R.A. and Mitchell, M.S. (2012) ‘What is a home range?', Journal of Mammalogy, 93(4), pp. 948–958. doi:10.1644/11-mamm-s-177.1. Rubenstein, D.R. and Alcock, J. (2019) Animal behavior. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.     Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/paul-yudin/your-adrenaline License code: QWS1TG5BYTFK2PCL    

Welcome to our podcast, where we explore the fascinating world of wildlife management. In this episode, we dive into the topic of sexual segregation in mule deer, a behavior that has intrigued researchers and wildlife enthusiasts alike. Despite years of research, the causes and implications of sexual segregation in mule deer populations remain a mystery. But why does it matter to us? Understanding the underlying factors that shape wildlife behavior can help us better manage and conserve our natural resources. Join us as we speak with experts in the field and uncover the latest insights into this captivating topic.   Bowyer, R.T. (1984) “Sexual segregation in Southern Mule Deer,” Journal of Mammalogy, 65(3), pp. 410–417. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/1381087.   Terry Bowyer, R. and Kie, J.G. (2004) “Effects of foraging activity on sexual segregation in Mule Deer,” Journal of Mammalogy, 85(3), pp. 498–504. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1644/bos-115.   Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/paul-yudin/your-adrenaline License code: QWS1TG5BYTFK2PCL

They're hard-working, tail-slapping, tree-cutting machines, and they're one of the greatest wildlife recovery stories in North America: Castor canadensis, the North American beaver. And, as if all that weren't enough, apparently their rear ends produce an oil that's vanilla-scented. Join the guys as they keep their puns and innuendos in check and dive into beavers! This episode was recorded on January 28, 2023 at the Beaver Meadow Audubon Center in North Java, NY. Episode NotesBeaver anal glands – which gland is used for which? There was some confusion over the beaver's anal glands and the oils they produce. Some sources stated that beavers have two anal glands that produce oil for waterproofing - the oil that smells like motor oil in male beavers and rancid cheese in females) and two more glands that produce oil (castoreum) for marking their scent mounds. Some sources, however, said the waterproofing oil was also used for scent marking. So, what gives? With a little more research, Bill discovered that he misspoke during the episode. Beavers have two anal glands that produce the waterproofing oil, and two castor sacs (not glands, although they're often referred to as such) that produce castoreum, the oil used for scent-marking. All four structures are located near each other, between the pelvis and the base of the tail. Here's a paper that explains it all. Click the “pdf viewer” tab for a format that is easier to read.Steve recalled hearing how parts of whales were used in perfume production. He was right! “Ambergris [is] a solid waxy substance originating in the intestine of the sperm whale (Physeter catodon). In Eastern cultures ambergris is used for medicines and potions and as a spice; in the West it was used to stabilize the scent of fine perfumes.” From Britannica.comWhen discussing the study that looked at how beaver dams fare during floods, Bill cited that, in one study, 70% of beaver dams remained intact during a flood event. Steve then pointed out that 30% of the dams failing seemed to lend at least some credence to the anecdotal records of beaver dams being unreliable at mitigating flood impacts. If Bill was a quicker thinker, he would have realized that he had JUST SAID that even though 30% of the dams in the study did not remain completely intact, the researchers found that many of them still helped reduce flood impacts downstream.Do wetlands have lower biomass? Steve mentioned he thought this was true, but, after the episode, Bill did a search of general and academic sources and could not find a definitive answer. He was, however, rushing a bit, trying to get this episode released. If you find a source with a concrete answer to this question and send it in (thefieldguides@gmail.com), the guys would definitely give you a shout-out on a future episode! LinksThe Conversation: This is the website Bill mentioned that publishes science articles for the general public, written by academics and researchers. The world's largest beaver dam - 58.2722° N, 112.2521° W A collection of Gerry Rising's nature columns from the Buffalo News (1991-2015). More recently, he wrote for Buffalo Spree, and those articles can be found here.Check out the Outside Chronicles website. You can also follow them on Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram. SupportThe Field Guides PatreonMake a onetime Paypal donation.The Field Guides Merch ShopOur SponsorsGumleaf Boots, USAAlways Wandering Art - Thank you to Always Wandering Art for this month's episode artwork!Works CitedAleksiuk, M., 1970. The function of the tail as a fat storage depot in the beaver (Castor canadensis). Journal of Mammalogy, 51(1), pp.145-148.Lancia, R.A., Dodge, W.E. and Larson, J.S., 1982. Winter activity patterns of two radio-marked beaver colonies. Journal of Mammalogy, 63(4), pp.598-606.Larsen, A., Larsen, J.R. and Lane, S.N., 2021. Dam builders and their works: Beaver influences on the structure and function of river corridor hydrology, geomorphology, biogeochemistry and ecosystems. Earth-Science Reviews, 218, p.103623.Lazar, J.G., Addy, K., Gold, A.J., Groffman, P.M., McKinney, R.A. and Kellogg, D.Q., 2015. Beaver ponds: resurgent nitrogen sinks for rural watersheds in the northeastern United States. Journal of environmental quality, 44(5), pp.1684-1693.Stephenson, A.B., 1969. Temperatures within a beaver lodge in winter. Journal of Mammalogy, 50(1), pp.134-136.Tape, K.D., Clark, J.A., Jones, B.M., Kantner, S., Gaglioti, B.V., Grosse, G. and Nitze, I., 2022. Expanding beaver pond distribution in Arctic Alaska, 1949 to 2019. Scientific Reports, 12(1), pp.1-9.Westbrook, C.J., Ronnquist, A. and Bedard‐Haughn, A., 2020. Hydrological functioning of a beaver dam sequence and regional dam persistence during an extreme rainstorm. Hydrological Processes, 34(18), pp.3726-3737.

Summary: What is a vaquita? Join Kiersten as she takes you under the sea to learn about this amazing porpoise.   For my hearing impaired listeners, a complete transcript of this podcast follows the show notes on Podbean.   Show Notes: https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/525704/facts-about-the-vaquita https://www.aquariumofpacific.org/onlinelearningcenter/species/vaquita https://porpoise.org/save-the-vaquita/ https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/dolphin_porpoise.html Vaquita Conservation Organizations porpoise.org   Transcript (Piano music plays) Kiersten - This is Ten Things I Like About…a ten minute, ten episode podcast about unknown or misunderstood wildlife. (Piano music stops)   Kiersten - Welcome to Ten Things I Like About… This is a podcast about misunderstood or unknown creatures in nature. Some we'll find right out side our doors and some are continents away but all are fascinating.    Just a bit about my background: My name is Kiersten and I have a Master's Degree in Animal Behavior and did my thesis on the breeding behavior of the Tri-colored bat. I was a zookeeper for many years and have worked with all sorts of animals from Aba Aba fish to tigers to ravens to domesticated dogs and so many more in between. Many of those years were spent in education programs and the most important lesson I learned was that the more information someone has about a particular animal the less they fear them. The less they fear them the more they crave information about them and before you know it you've become an advocate for that misunderstood animal.   This podcast will focus ten, ten minute episodes on different animals and their amazing characteristics. Please join me on this fascinating journey, you won't regret it.   This series of episodes will focus on the vaquita and my first favorite thing about the vaquita is, well, the vaquita!   What exactly is a vaquita? I'm so glad you asked. The vaquita is the smallest cetacean on the planet. Cetaceans are marine mammals in the order Cetacea which includes whales, porpoises, and dolphins. The vaquita is a porpoise. It is the smallest porpoise alive.    The vaquita is also known as the Gulf of California porpoise, Gulf of California Harbor porpoise, cochita, and vaquita marina. Vaquita means “little cow” in Spanish and cochita means “little pig”. Both names are a reference to the grunting sounds they make. Their scientific name is Phocoena sinus which means “porpoise of the gulf” in Latin.   The vaquita was not officially named until 1958. The discovery of the vaquita is actually a strange but fascinating story involving three skulls found on the beach. In 1950, a University of California scientist named Kenneth Norris was walking along a beach north of Punta San Felipe in Baja, California when he came across a skull. It looked like the skull of a porpoise but not quite like others he had seen, so he decided to keep it for possible further research. (As a side note: he was able to do this because he was professor at a university with the correct permits to keep such items. Please do not pick up and keep skulls that you find on the beach today.)    A year later colleagues of Professor Norris's found two more similar skulls on the beach. Now that more than one example had been found, comparing them to other known cetacean skulls was the next step. When comparing the three skulls to other already identified cetacean skulls the scientists noticed enough considerable differences to conclude that this was a new, never-before-seen species of porpoise! Kenneth Norris published his findings in the Journal of Mammalogy in 1958 giving the vaquita the scientific name of Phocoena sinus meaning “porpoise of the gulf”.   It's been 64 years since the discovery of the vaquita and we still know very little about their natural history, but we do know what they look like, so let's talk about that.      As I mentioned before, the vaquita is small at only 4 to 5 feet in length and can  weigh up to 100lbs. Females tend to be larger than males. They have a typical porpoise shaped body that is curved and robust. The middle of the body will measure about 68% of the total body length. They have a small mouth with a slight protrusion of the upper jaw at the base of the melon, aka their head. Their dorsal fin, the fin on their back, is upright and relatively large when compared to other porpoise species. They have two front flippers on the under side at the front of the body with a double lobed tail.    Their coloration is like a painted masterpiece with medium gray on the upper body fading to light gray halfway down their sides. The throat and belly are streaked with white like the organic strokes of a master painter. The mouth is ringed in black like perfectly applied lipstick, giving them the look of a know-it-all smile. A dark gray steak runs from the mouth to the flippers expanding as it reaches the flippers covering them in the same dark gray color. The eye is ringed with black and outlined with white. They are truly one of the most beautiful porpoises in the sea.    The dorsal fins of vaquitas are unique enough they can be used like name tags. To study vaquitas in the wild, scientists needed a way to identify them without getting so close as to disturb their natural behavior, so they looked for something that would be easily seen from a distance. A big, ‘ole fin sticking up from their back fit the bill. The dorsal fins of marine mammals are often nicked or notched from various activities performed throughout their lives. Each individual vaquita dorsal fin will be unique to themselves. Scientists caught on quickly and took high resolution photos of the fins and created an ID guide for the animals they were researching. In 2008, they complied a photo ID catalog to help record the daily activities of the vaquitas.   One last thing before we finish up our first episode of the vaquita. I've been using the term porpoise a lot and want to clarify the difference between a porpoise and a dolphin. Many people use these two words interchangeably but they are two completely different animals.    The difference is in their appearance including their faces, their fins, and their figures. Dolphins have elongated mouths called beaks while porpoises have very, short mouths that do not protrude past the head. The dorsal fin of dolphins is more curved or hooked while dorsal fins of the porpoise is more triangular. And in general, the dolphin's body is more lean while our porpoise is a bit more portly.    Dolphins also tend to be more talkative than porpoises but both are capable of making sound. Dolphins are definitely more prevalent than porpoises with 32 species of dolphin and only 6 species of porpoise.    Just as a funny side note for all you trivia fans out there, the word ‘porpoise' comes from the Latin porcus meaning ‘pig' and piscis meaning ‘fish.' So ‘porpoise' technically means ‘pig fish'.    Thank you for joining me for the first episode of Ten Things I Like About the Vaquita.    Please visit porpoise.org to find out even more about the vaquita and discover what you can do to help this unique animal.   Join me next week for another ten-minute episode focusing on the vaquita.    (Piano Music plays)  This has been an episode of Ten Things I like About with Kiersten and Company. Original music written and performed by Katherine Camp, piano extraordinaire.

After rodents, bats are the second largest group of mammals, representing a staggering 20% of all mammal species. They can be found all over the world, with the exception of cold climates, where they often play incredibly important ecological roles. Their ecologies (ways in which they live) go well beyond the cave-hanging, moth-eating stereotypes and diets can also be based on fruits, nectar or even blood. In fact, some tropical plants rely solely upon bats for pollination! But when did bats evolve and who are their closest relatives? Do they have a good fossil record? Is vampirism an effective feeding strategy? In this episode, we're joined by Dr Nancy Simmons, Curator-In-Charge of Mammalogy at the American Museum of Natural History, who introduces us to the wonderful world of bats and their fossil record.

Offset your carbon footprint with Wren! They'll protect 5 extra acres of rainforest for each of the first 100 people who sign up at https://www.wren.co/join/minuteearth. Optimal foraging theory means that turning down food is sometimes more efficient than eating it - but even then, what's “wasted” doesn't necessarily go to waste. LEARN MORE ************** To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Foraging: to search widely for food. Optimal Foraging Theory: A behavioral model that describes how an animal should behave when searching for food. Surplus Killing: a common behavior exhibited by predators, in which they kill more prey than they can immediately eat and then cache or abandon the remainder. SUPPORT MINUTEEARTH ************************** If you like what we do, you can help us!: - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Share this video with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) CREDITS ********* Cameron Duke | Script Writer Kate Yoshida | Script Editor Julián Gustavo Gómez | Narrator and Director Adam Thompson | Illustration, Video Editing and Animation Nathaniel Schroeder | Music MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info OUR STAFF ************ Sarah Berman • Arcadi Garcia i Rius David Goldenberg • Julián Gustavo Gómez Melissa Hayes • Alex Reich • Henry Reich • Peter Reich Ever Salazar • Leonardo Souza • Kate Yoshida OUR LINKS ************ Youtube | https://youtube.com/MinuteEarth TikTok | https://tiktok.com/@minuteearth Twitter | https://twitter.com/MinuteEarth Instagram | https://instagram.com/minute_earth Facebook | https://facebook.com/Minuteearth Website | https://minuteearth.com Apple Podcasts| https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/minuteearth/id649211176 REFERENCES ************** Alcock, J. (2013). Animal behavior : an evolutionary approach. Sinauer, Cop. Hopkins, J. B. (2013). Use of genetics to investigate socially learned foraging behavior in free-ranging black bears. Journal of Mammalogy, 94(6), 1214–1222. https://doi.org/10.1644/13-mamm-a-009.1 Klinka, D. R., & Reimchen, T. E. (2009). Darkness, Twilight, and Daylight Foraging Success of Bears (Ursus americanus) on Salmon in Coastal British Columbia. Journal of Mammalogy, 90(1), 144–149. https://doi.org/10.1644/07-mamm-a-200.1 Lincoln, A. E., & Quinn, T. P. (2018). Optimal foraging or surplus killing: selective consumption and discarding of salmon by brown bears. Behavioral Ecology, 30(1), 202–212. https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ary139 Lounibos, L. P., Makhni, S., Alto, B. W., & Kesavaraju, B. (2008). Surplus Killing by Predatory Larvae of Corethrella appendiculata: Prepupal Timing and Site-Specific Attack on Mosquito Prey. Journal of Insect Behavior, 21(2), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10905-007-9103-2 Maupin, J. L. (2001). Superfluous killing in spiders: a consequence of adaptation to food-limited environments? Behavioral Ecology, 12(5), 569–576. https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/12.5.569 McMahon, B. F., & Evans, R. M. (1992). Foraging Strategies of American White Pelicans. Behaviour, 120(1-2), 69–89. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853992x00219

The segregation in animals is a fundamental topic in wildlife research and conservation policy. It was studied early on within 'deer' (ungulates) and how males and females use space and habitat in different ways. Often, they are not even overlapping, and for parts of the year they may even be treated perhaps as different species ? Here I discuss some key citations and the concept, using sexual segregation, and then extend the concept to birds such as White-naped Cranes from Mongolia and how those species use space and home ranges in different ways, e.g. by age class, subadults vs adult and failed nesters. It's clear that the subject is complex, with research ongoing, but that the conservation law and policy has not really implemented it, yet and that thus, the species - many of them hunted or affected by humans - are not so well and precisely managed. Citations: Bowyer T.R. (2004) Sexual Segregation in Ruminants: Definitions, Hypotheses, and Implications for Conservation and Management, Journal of Mammalogy 85: 1039–1052, https://doi.org/10.1644/BBL-002.1 Kie J.R. and R. Terry Bowyer (1999) Sexual Segregation in White-Tailed Deer: Density-Dependent Changes in Use of Space, Habitat Selection, and Dietary Niche, Journal of Mammalogy 80: 1004–1020, https://doi.org/10.2307/1383271. Li, Z., Z. Jiang (2007) Sexual segregation in Tibetan gazelle: a test of the activity budget hypothesis. Journal of Zoology 274: 327-331. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00388.x Ruckstuhl K.E. and P. Neuhaus (2002) Sexual segregation in ungulates: a comparative test of three hypotheses. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 77:77-96. doi: 10.1017/s1464793101005814. Wearmouth W.J. and D. W Sims (2008) Sexual segregation in marine fish, reptiles, birds and mammals behaviour patterns, mechanisms and conservation implications. Adv Mar Biol 54:107-70. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2881(08)00002-3. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/falk-huettmann/support

My colleague and friend, Dr. Mike Cove reached out to me to have a discussion about something he had been thinking about for some time: how mammals of the past impact mammals today. He was especially interested on the impacts of mastodons on today’s smaller mammals like rodents and small carnivores. Because I researched African forest elephants for my Ph.D., he wanted to get my thoughts on this topic and thought it would be a cool idea for the podcast! Over tens of thousands of years ago, our world looked very different. Here in the United States, our land was dominated by mega fauna like mastodons, giant sloths and armadillos, and saber-toothed tigers. In this podcast we talked about how the mere presence of such huge animals affected our landscape today. Mike is the curator of Mammalogy at the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences. Specifically we chat about: * What’s going on with some of these smaller mammal species? Why are they in decline? * How smaller, disturbed habitats are made and how many are overlooked compared to “pristine” forests * How large herbivores like elephants, bison, and elk change the landscape and what their loss means for smaller animals * The role of elephants, especially forest elephants in changing the forest: how they create light gaps and help forest vegetation grow * Should we actually bring large herbivores like elephants back to the United States to restore ecosystem processes? Yes, this is a real proposal by scientists called “Pleistocene rewilding” * How restoring apex predators in the Eastern US would help our forests * and MORE! For full show notes click here ( https://stephanieschuttler.com/49-of-mice-and-mastodons-with-mammalogist-mike-cove/ ). Get a free chapter of my book “Getting a Job in Wildlife Biology: What It’s Like and What You Need to Know” here: https://stephanieschuttler.com/getting-a-job-in-wildlife-biology-book/ Want to learn about cool animals, conservation, and get tips about careers in wildlife biology, science, and more? Subscribe to my channel: https://www.youtube.com/StephanieSchuttler and join my email list: https://stephanieschuttler.com/ I’d love to meet you. Connect with me on social media: Twitter: https://twitter.com/FancyScientist Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/fancy_scientist/ ( https://www.instagram.com/fancy_scientist/ ) Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/fancyscientist/ Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/fancyscientist/pins/ I go live in my Facebook group every other Wednesday at 12 PM EST to answer a wildlife biology question. Join me! https://www.facebook.com/fancyscientist/ Join the “Getting a Job in Wildlife Biology” Facebook group to connect with other aspiring wildlife biologists, post your questions and get free advice: https://www.facebook.com/groups/gettingajobinwildlifebiology

We meet Emily Spinach - the pet garter snake of wild-child first daughter, Alice Roosevelt. Also, the hilariously creepy, Wild Taxidermy Room in Melbourne, Australia, says goodbye and pandas throw the weirdest parties.Send in your topic ideas via:BewilderbeastsPod@gmail.comTWITTER: @BewilderedPodFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/BewilderBeastsPod (DM, voice text or comment)Instagram https://www.instagram.com/bewilderbeasts/About your host:Melissa McCue-McGrath, CPDT-KA, is a professional dog trainer outside of Boston, MA, and author of the book, "Considerations for the City Dog". She has a dog training channel on YouTube that has free classes and lessons for anyone who is interested in positive reinforcement dog training. More about Melissa can be found at MelissaMcCueMcGrath.com*******Intro Music: “Tiptoe out the back” by Dan LebowiczInterstitial music: MK2 I got today's information from:Alice Roosevelt and Presidential Pets:https://www.childrensmuseum.org/blog/why-pet-snakehttps://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/12/first-daughters-alice-roosevelt-113302https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2016/03/29/at-90-alice-roosevelt-longworth-didnt-care-who-she-offended-in-this-mean-funny-1974-interview/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_pets https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hA1WAAAAIBAJ&pg=7004%2C3105108https://patch.com/maryland/hyattsville/hoover-s-opossum-brings-luck-to-hyattsville-ba645rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrfgvfgvseball-teamPandas Roll in Horse Poop:https://www.livescience.com/pandas-roll-in-horse-poo.html https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/12/scientists-finally-think-they-know-why-these-pandas-roll-horse-poopMelbourne's Wild Taxidermy Room:https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/search?collectingarea=Mammalogy https://mashable.com/2015/07/05/bad-taxidermy/https://www.ranker.com/list/bad-taxidermy-pictures/ashley-reign Support the show (https://paypal.me/muttstuff)

On this edition of the Ecology Hour with hosts Tim Bray and Bob Spies: For millions of years, Barred Owls lived in the hardwood forests of eastern North America, while Spotted Owls lived in the conifer forests on the Pacific coast. In the 20th century, Barred Owls began expanding to the west, and today they are found throughout the original range of the Spotted Owl. Dr. Jack Dumbacher, Curator of Ornithology and Mammalogy at the California Academy of Sciences, tells the fascinating story of the Barred Owl invasion of West Coast forests, and the scientific, environmental, ethical and legal questions it raises.

Emma tells Emlyn about the geneticist Dr. Nettie Maria Stevens, who was one of the first scientists to discover sex determination by chromosomes.   Check out our holiday merch! www.stemfatalepodcast.com/merch Sources Main Story - Nettie Maria Stevens  Brush, S. (1978). Nettie M. Stevens and the Discovery of Sex Determination by Chromosomes. Isis, 69(2), 163-172. Retrieved November 23, 2020, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/230427 Ogilvie, M., & Choquette, C. (1981). Nettie Maria Stevens (1861-1912): Her Life and Contributions to Cytogenetics. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 125(4), 292-311. Retrieved November 23, 2020, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/986332 Stevens, Nettie Maria. (1901). Studies on Ciliate Infusoria. United States, Hopkins Seaside Laboratory. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Studies_on_Ciliate_Infusoria/8Ic_AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22studies+on+ciliate+infusoria%22&pg=PA1&printsec=frontcover O'Connor, C. & Miko, I. (2008) Developing the chromosome theory. Nature Education 1(1):44. https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/developing-the-chromosome-theory-164/# Gelling, C. (2016). Nettie Stevens: Sex chromosomes and sexism. Genes to Genomes Blog by GSA. http://genestogenomes.org/nettie-stevens-sex-chromosomes-and-sexism/ Women who Work Sara B Weinstein, Katrina Nyawira Malanga, Bernard Agwanda, Jesús E Maldonado, M Denise Dearing. The secret social lives of African crested rats, Lophiomys imhausi. Journal of Mammalogy, 2020 DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa127 University of Utah. "The secret social lives of giant poisonous rats." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 19 November 2020. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/11/201119135403.htm    Music  “Mary Anning” by Artichoke “Work” by Rihanna   Cover Image The Incubator (courtesy of Carnegie Institution of Washington) - http://incubator.rockefeller.edu/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/NettieStevens.jpg

Peanut welcomes professor and Marmot Day committee member Dr. Jeffrey Acorn, an expert on mammalogy with a focus on the genus marmota. Dr. Acorn breaks down the high-stakes marmot occupation with the highest fatality rate, as well as 3 or 4 of the most common jobs for the species as a whole, along with the current shortlist for the Marmot Day mascot representative (spoiler: the frontrunner is Alaska Jack). Stay tuned til the very end for a riveting series of scientifically-accurate marmot impressions!

Mammals: you’re one. Your dog is one. So are giant rats. What do we have in common? Nipples. The incredible Southern Illinois University professor, researcher, science communicator and mammalogist Dr. Danielle N. Lee joins to chat about everything from nature’s parenting styles to hairy bellies, milk glands, nip counts, how a meteor paved the way for our existence, her favorite mammals and the mysteries of the platypus. An episode years in the making, Alie barely keeps her cool as Dr. Lee gives insight and perspective on what it means to be a human and a mammal. Also, we chat about Black Mammalogists week Sept. 13-19 and the important pivots that changed her career path.  Follow Dr. Danielle N. Lee at Twitter.com/DNLee5 or Instagram.com/DNLee5 September 13-19 is Black Mammalogists Week!  https://blackmammalogists.com/ A donation went to semsuccess.org Follow SEM Link at Twitter.com/semlink For more links: alieward.com/ologies/mammalogy Transcripts & bleeped episodes at: alieward.com/ologies-extras Become a patron of Ologies for as little as a buck a month: www.Patreon.com/ologies OlogiesMerch.com has hats, shirts, pins, totes and uh...bikinis? Hi. Yes.  Follow twitter.com/ologies or instagram.com/ologies Follow twitter.com/AlieWard or instagram.com/AlieWard Sound editing by Jarrett Sleeper of MindJam Media & Steven Ray Morris Theme song by Nick Thorburn Support the show: http://Patreon.com/ologies See omnystudio.com/policies/listener for privacy information.

Nesse episódio SENSACIONAL do "Que bicho é esse?" a Dra. Miriam Perilli conversa com a Dra. Flavia Tirelli sobre o gato-do-mato-grande (Leopardus geoffroyi). ---------- Flavia Tirelli possui graduação em Ciências Biológicas pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), mestrado em Biologia Animal pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e doutorado em Zoologia pela PUCRS. Foi bolsista de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e Industrial - DTI - CNPq, trabalhando com polinizadores nativos para o aumento de produção de culturas. Fez doutorado com ecologia de felídeos no bioma Pampa, orientada pelo o Prof. Eduardo Eizirik, e durante seu doutorado sanduíche, na University of Oxford, junto ao grupo WildCRU foi orientada pelo Prof. David W. Macdonald. Atualmente, está como pós doc (PNPD) junto ao Bird and Mammal Evolution, Systematics and Ecology Lab, na UFGRS, coordenado pela Prof. Maria João Pereira. Possui experiência em ecologia e conservação. Principal foco investigativo ecologia e conservação de mamíferos carnívoros, especialmente felídeos. Flávia é membro do Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, assessora de felídeos silvestres do Instituto Curicaca e membro do GAT no PAN dos Pequenos Felinos. ---------- Artigos citados no episódio: Tirelli, F.P, Trigo, T.C., Trinca, C., Albano, A.P.N., Mazim, F.D., Queirolo, D., Espinosa, C.C., Soares, J.B., Pereira, J. A., Crawshaw, Jr., P.C., Macdonald, D.W., Lucherini, M., Eizirik. (2018).Spatial organization and social dynamics of Geoffroy’s cat in the Brazilian pampas, Journal of Mammalogy, 99(4),859–873, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyy064 Tirelli, F.P., Mazim, F.D., Crawshaw, P.G. et al. (2019).)Density and spatio-temporal behaviour of Geoffroy’s cats in a human-dominated landscape of southern Brazil. Mamm Biol 99, 128–135 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2019.11.003 Trigo, T. C., Tirelli, F. P., Machado, L. F., Peters, F. B., Indrusiak, C. B., Mazim, F. D., ... & de Freitas, T. R. O. (2013). Geographic distribution and food habits of Leopardus tigrinus and L. geoffroyi (Carnivora, Felidae) at their geographic contact zone in southern Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 48(1), 56-67. Trigo, T. C., Tirelli, F. P., de Freitas, T. R., & Eizirik, E. (2014). Comparative assessment of genetic and morphological variation at an extensive hybrid zone between two wild cats in southern Brazil. PloS one, 9(9), e108469. ---------- Dá uma força para manter o DesAbraçando online e com episódios no cronograma contribuindo financeiramente com nosso projeto: https://www.catarse.me/desabrace https://www.padrim.com.br/desabrace ---------- Segue a gente lá nas redes sociais: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/desabrace/ Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/desabrace/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/desabrace Telegram: https://t.me/desabrace ---------- Visite nossa página: www.desabrace.com.br ---------- Primeira Pedra: primeirapedra@desabrace.com.br Que bicho é esse? bicho@desabrace.com.br ---------- Assine para receber atualizações!

This special episode features a series of panel presentations based on recently published peer-reviewed papers about dolphin life expectancy, orca longevity, cetacean dive physiology, and two rebuttals of Marino et al 2019. Panelists Kelly Jaakkola, Kevin Willis, Andreas Fahlman, Heather Hill, Kathleen Dudzinski, & Jason Bruck present data, as well as, commentary on a case study example of a published paper on orca welfare that never should have cleared the peer-review process. Our panel of scientists clarify what we currently know and don't know about two popular species of marine mammals in human care and in the wild across a few key welfare measures. Plus, they discuss at length the problems that occur when previous scientific citations are misused, and unsupported opinion and agendas are passed off as science in peer-reviewed journals. Animal care Software Peppermint Narwhal Zoo Logic Page ZOOmility   Kelly Jaakkola Dolphin Life Expectancy https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/mms.12601    Kevin Willis Orca Longevity Kochanek KD, Murphy SL, Xu JQ, Arias E.  Deaths: Final data for 2017.  National Vital Statistics Reports; vol 68 no 9.  Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.  2019. Jett, J. and Ventre, J.  Captive killer whale (Orcinus orca) survival.  Marine Mammal Science, 4:297-311.  2015. Robeck, T. R., K. Willis, M. R. Scarpuzzi and J. K. O’Brien. 2015. Comparisons of life history parameters between free-ranging and captive killer whale (Orcinus orca) populations for application toward species management. Journal of Mammalogy, 96:1055-1070. Robeck, T., Jaakkola, K., Stafford G., and Willis, K. Killer whale (Orcinus orca) survivorship in captivity: A critique of Jett and Ventre (2015). Marine Mammal Science, 32, 786–792.  2016.   Andreas Fahlman Dolphin Dive and Respiratory Physiology Borque Espinosa, A., Burgos, F., Dennison, S., Laughlin, R., Manley, M., Capaccioni, R. and Fahlman, A. (2020). Lung function testing as a diagnostic tool to assess respiratory health in bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 138, 17-27. Fahlman, A., Borque-Espinosa, A., Facchin, F., Ferrero Fernandez, D., Muñoz Caballero, P., Haulena, M. and Rocho-Levine, J. (2020). Comparative respiratory physiology in cetaceans. Frontiers Physiology 11, 1-7. Fahlman, A., Brodsky, M., Miedler, S., Dennison, S., Ivančić, M., Levine, G., Rocho-Levine, J., Manley, M., Rocabert, J. and Borque Espinosa, A. (2019). Ventilation and gas exchange before and after voluntary static surface breath-holds in clinically healthy bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. Journal of Experimental Biology 222, 1-9. Fahlman, A., Brodsky, M., Wells, R., McHugh, K., Allen, J., Barleycorn, A., Sweeney, J. C., Fauquier, D. and Moore, M. (2018a). Field energetics and lung function in wild bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, in Sarasota Bay Florida. Royal Society Open Science 5, 171280. Fahlman, A., Jensen, F., Tyack, P. L. and Wells, R. (2018b). Modeling tissue and blood gas kinetics in coastal and offshore common Bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. Frontiers Physiology 9, 1-13. Fahlman, A., Loring, S. H., Levine, G., Rocho-Levine, J., Austin, T. and Brodsky, M. (2015). Lung mechanics and pulmonary function testing in cetaceans Journal of Experimental Biology 218, 2030-2038. Fahlman, A., McHugh, K., Allen, J., Barleycorn, A., Allen, A., Sweeney, J., Stone, R., Faulkner Trainor, R., Bedford, G., Moore, M. J. et al. (2018c). Resting metabolic rate and lung function in wild offshore common bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, near bermuda. Frontiers in Physiology 9. Fahlman, A., Moore, M. J. and Garcia-Parraga, D. (2017). Respiratory function and mechanics in pinnipeds and cetaceans. Journal of Experimental Biology 220, 1761-1763. Thanks to Dr. Randy Wells, Director of the Sarasota Dolphin Research Program and Chicago Zoological Society. https://www.sarasotadolphin.org/about-us-2/    Kathleen Dudzinski & Heather Hill  Commentary on Marino et al 2019 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6cj9473p www.aquaticmammalsjournal.org https://www.dolphincommunicationproject.org/index.php/about-dolphins/scientific-publications   Jason Bruck Commentary on Marino et al 2019 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jason_Bruck2

Chair of the Society for Marine Mammalogy Conservation Committee, and NOAA researcher, Dr. Barb Taylor talks with host Dr. Chris Parsons about the work of the Committee, the critically endangered Vaquita, the newly identified Gulf of Mexico whale and the future of cetacean conservation.

On this fascinating episode of Innovation in the 'Burg, Alison is joined in the studio by Laura Engleby, Marine Mammal Branch Chief for NOAA Fisheries. Engleby shares recent discoveries about the extremely rare Gulf Coast Bryde's whale. The newly discovered subspecies made headlines this year when one washed up in Everglades National Park, becoming the first type species of its kind. Engleby shares how she and her team worked to bring the giant whale's body north and eventually to the Smithsonian. She shares the story behind landing her dream job, and talks about the female scientists who inspire her work.

Help! Someone call Lt. Jim Dangle! Holy moly, he's already here?! YES! This week we are discussing RATATOUILLE with the one and only Thomas Lennon! Joining him is our old friend Dr. Jim Dines (Natural History Museum - Collections Manager, Mammalogy). Learn all about rats, french cuisine and Tom's ukulele skills!  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In 1898, two lions descended on a company of railway workers in British East Africa. For nine months they terrorized the camp, carrying off a new victim every few days, as engineer John Patterson struggled to stop them. In this week's episode of the Futility Closet podcast we'll track the "man-eaters of Tsavo" and learn what modern science has discovered about their motivations. We'll also consider more uses for two cars and puzzle over some prolific penguins. Intro: MIT drops a piano off a building every year. French architect Étienne-Louis Boullée proposed honoring Isaac Newton with a sarcophagus inside a 500-foot globe. Sources for our feature on the Tsavo man-eaters: John Henry Patterson, The Man-Eaters of Tsavo, 1907. J.H. Patterson, "The Man-Eaters of Tsavo: The Lions That Stopped a Railway," Wide World Magazine 10:55 (October 1902), 3-12; 10:56 (November 1902), 112-118. J.H. Patterson, "The Man-Eating Lions of Tsavo," Field Museum of Natural History, 1926. Philip Caputo, Ghosts of Tsavo, 2002. Bruce D. Patterson, The Lions of Tsavo, 2004. Julian C. Kerbis Peterhans and Thomas Patrick Gnoske, "The Science of 'Man-Eating' Among Lions Panthera leo With a Reconstruction of the Natural History of the 'Man-Eaters of Tsavo,'" Journal of East African Natural History 90:1 (2001), 1-41. T.P. Gnoske, G.G. Celesia, and J.C. Kerbis Peterhans, "Dissociation Between Mane Development and Sexual Maturity in Lions (Panthera leo): Solution to the Tsavo Riddle?" Journal of Zoology 270:4 (2006), 551-560. Justin D. Yeakel, et al., "Cooperation and Individuality Among Man-Eating Lions," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106:45 (2009), 19040-19043. Bruce D. Patterson, et al., "Livestock Predation by Lions (Panthera leo) and Other Carnivores on Ranches Neighboring Tsavo National Parks, Kenya," Biological Conservation 119:4 (2004), 507-516. Bruce D. Patterson, "On the Nature and Significance of Variability in Lions (Panthera leo)," Evolutionary Biology 34:1-2 (2007), 55-60. Bruce D. Patterson, Ellis J. Neiburger, Samuel M. Kasiki, "Tooth Breakage and Dental Disease as Causes of Carnivore-Human Conflicts," Journal of Mammalogy 84:1 (Feb. 28, 2003), 190–196. Roland W. Kays and Bruce D. Patterson, "Mane Variation in African Lions and Its Social Correlates," Canadian Journal of Zoology 80:3 (March 2002), 471. Larisa R.G. DeSantis and Bruce D. Patterson, "Dietary Behaviour of Man-Eating Lions as Revealed by Dental Microwear Textures," Scientific Reports 7:1 (2017), 904. Ellis J. Neiburger and Bruce D. Patterson, "The Man-Eaters With Bad Teeth," New York State Dental Journal 66:10 (2000), 26. "The Tale Teeth Tell About Legendary Man-Eating Lions of Tsavo," Laboratory Equipment, April 19, 2017. Alba Tomasula y Garcia, "The Lions of Tsavo: Man-Made Man-Eaters," Western Humanities Review 68:1 (Winter 2014), 195-200. Paul Raffaele, "Man-Eaters of Tsavo," Smithsonian Magazine, January 2010. Jason Bittel, "Why Man-Eating Lions Prey on People -- New Evidence," National Geographic, April 19, 2017. Mindy Weisberger, "What Drove Tsavo Lions to Eat People? Century-Old Mystery Solved," Live Science, April 19, 2017. David Salisbury, "The Tale Teeth Tell About the Legendary Man-Eating Lions of Tsavo," Vanderbilt University, April 19, 2017. Can Buckley, "Irishman's Account of Man-Eating Lions, 'the Ghost' and 'the Darkness,' in Africa," Irish Examiner, April 29, 2017. Ed Yong, "How Many People Did the Man-Eating Lions of Tsavo Actually Eat?" Discover, Nov. 2, 2009. Gemma Tarlach, "Infamous Man-Eaters of Tsavo Ate Like Zoo Animals," Discover, April 19, 2017. Jennifer McNulty, "Legendary 'Man-Eating' Lions of Tsavo Likely Ate About 35 People -- Not 135, Say Scientists," UCSC Newscenter, Nov. 1, 2009. Hannah Osborne, "Infamous Man-Eating Tsavo Lions Were Apparently Suffering From Toothache," Newsweek, April 19, 2017. Restored by a taxidermist, the lions are currently on display in the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. Listener mail: "Sweden's Jobs Agency to Lay Off 4,500 Staff," The Local Sweden, Jan. 30, 2019. Greg Myre, "Gas Lines Evoke Memories of Oil Crises in the 1970s," The Picture Show, National Public Radio, Nov. 10, 2012. Wikipedia, "Odd–Even Rationing" (accessed Feb. 23, 2019). Wikipedia, "1973 Oil Crisis" (accessed Feb. 23, 2019). Wikipedia, "1979 Oil Crisis" (accessed Feb. 23, 2019). Carl Bialik, "Fuel Rationing Is Hard to Gauge," Wall Street Journal, Nov. 16, 2012. This week's lateral thinking puzzle was contributed by listener Mat Spedding, based on an item he heard on the podcast No Such Thing As a Fish. Here are three corroborating links (warning -- these spoil the puzzle). You can listen using the player above, download this episode directly, or subscribe on Google Podcasts, on Apple Podcasts, or via the RSS feed at https://futilitycloset.libsyn.com/rss. Please consider becoming a patron of Futility Closet -- you can choose the amount you want to pledge, and we've set up some rewards to help thank you for your support. You can also make a one-time donation on the Support Us page of the Futility Closet website. Many thanks to Doug Ross for the music in this episode. If you have any questions or comments you can reach us at podcast@futilitycloset.com. Thanks for listening!

In this episode of Talk Nerdy, Cara speaks with Dr. Ross MacPhee, Curator of the Department of Mammalogy in the Division of Vertebrate Zoology at the American Museum of Natural History. They talk about his newest book, “End of the Megafauna: The Fate of the World’s Hugest, Fiercest, and Strangest, Animals.” In it, Ross discusses new and exciting theories underlying the multiple extinction events of Earth’s largest prehistoric mammals.

In this episode of Talk Nerdy, Cara speaks with Dr. Ross MacPhee, Curator of the Department of Mammalogy in the Division of Vertebrate Zoology at the American Museum of Natural History. They talk about his newest book, “End of the Megafauna: The Fate of the World’s Hugest, Fiercest, and Strangest, Animals.” In it, Ross discusses new and exciting theories underlying the multiple extinction events of Earth’s largest prehistoric mammals.

Woolly mammoths and giant ground sloths are just a few of the strange animals that once roamed Earth, living on every habitable continent. But about 50,000 years ago, these “megafauna” began to disappear. What factors contributed to their disappearance? Why did some species survive while others did not? Ross MacPhee, curator in the Museum’s Department of Mammalogy, takes us on a journey back in time to the world of now-extinct megafauna, and explains what scientists think may have happened. Watch the video version of this SciCafe here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGYJgYZrMcE This SciCafe took place at the Museum on December 5, 2018. Subscribe to the Science@AMNH Podcast on iTunes, Soundcloud, or wherever you get your podcasts. For information about upcoming events at the Museum, visit amnh.org/calendar.

The special guest in this video is a McMurry Univerisity Biology Professor, Dr. Joel Brant. The discussion primarily concerns scientific topics related to mammals and the study of mammalogy.

Are you seeing double? Explore the wild world of cloning: gene-editing, facilitated adaptation, de-extinction, Pleistocene Park, and more with host Natalia Reagan, comic co-host Chuck Nice, biological anthropologist Ryan Raaum, and Ross MacPhee, Curator of Mammalogy at the AMNH.NOTE: StarTalk All-Access subscribers can watch or listen to this entire episode commercial-free here: https://www.startalkradio.net/all-access/cloning-genetics-and-ethics-with-natalia-reagan/Credit: Image by Mauricio Antón [CC BY 2.5 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5)], via Wikimedia CommonsDon't miss an episode of StarTalk All-Stars. Subscribe on:Apple Podcasts: https://itun.es/us/P9kphb.cTuneIn: tunein.com/startalkallstarsSoundCloud: https://soundcloud.com/startalk_all-starsStitcher: http://www.stitcher.com/podcast/startalk-allstarsGoogle Play Music: https://play.google.com/music/listen#/ps/I2nz5bguurd5se7zu4fhnd25lk4

Are you seeing double? Explore the wild world of cloning: gene-editing, facilitated adaptation, de-extinction, Pleistocene Park, and more with host Natalia Reagan, comic co-host Chuck Nice, biological anthropologist Ryan Raaum, and Ross MacPhee, Curator of Mammalogy at the AMNH. NOTE: StarTalk All-Access subscribers can watch or listen to this entire episode commercial-free here: https://www.startalkradio.net/all-access/cloning-genetics-and-ethics-with-natalia-reagan/ Credit: Image by Mauricio Antón [CC BY 2.5 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5)], via Wikimedia Commons Don’t miss an episode of StarTalk All-Stars. Subscribe on: Apple Podcasts: https://itun.es/us/P9kphb.c TuneIn: tunein.com/startalkallstars SoundCloud: https://soundcloud.com/startalk_all-stars Stitcher: http://www.stitcher.com/podcast/startalk-allstars Google Play Music: https://play.google.com/music/listen#/ps/I2nz5bguurd5se7zu4fhnd25lk4

Olá, Pessoas!Neste episódio descobrimos o Nicho do Msc. André Regolin!Descubra um pouco mais sobre os Carnívoros, armadilhas fotográficas, fragmentação de habitat e por que odiamos lidar com humanos!João "Montanha" Doria (@montanhadoria) e André Regolin (@andre_regolin) conversam sobre a fragmentação de habitat e o impacto nas populações de carnívoros, o uso de armadilhas fotográficas nos trabalhos de campo e as dificuldades e benefícios de se trabalhar com dados compilados de várias fontes diferentes. Referência do Trabalho:REGOLIN, André Luis, CHEREM, Jorge José, GRAIPEL, Maurício Eduardo, BOGONI, Juliano André, RIBEIRO, John Wesley, VANCINE, Maurício Humberto, TORTATO, Marcos Adriano, OLIVEIRA-SANTOS, Luiz Gustavo, FANTACINI, Felipe Moreli, LUIZ, Micheli Ribeiro, CASTILHO, Pedro Volkmer de, RIBEIRO, Milton Cezar, CÁCERES, Nilton Carlo. 2017. Forest cover influences occurrence of mammalian carnivores within Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Journal of Mammalogy, gyx103. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyx103Seja um apoiador do Nicho:https://apoia.se/onichopodcastDúvidas, Comentários e Sugestões:onichopodcast@gmail.comAssine nosso feed e receba todos os episódios automaticamente:feeds.feedburner.com/ONichoou assine no iTunes:https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/o-nicho-podcast/id1109518386Curta nossa página no Facebook:facebook.com/onichopodcastEntre no Grupo de Ouvintes do Nicho no Facebook:facebook.com/groups/onichopodcastCurta a página da Explora Magazine no Facebook:facebook.com/exploramagazineSiga-nos no Twiter:@onichopodcastSiga o João "Montanha" Doria no Twitter:@montanhadoriaSiga o Edson "Chuck" no Instagram:@edsonchuckSe inscreva em nosso canal do Youtube:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6GSsct7E6UhOev75tZHpyQCompartilhe nosso site:onichopodcast.wordpress.comMúsicas do Episódio por:Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com), Royalty Free Music from Bensound (www.bensound.com) & music by audionautix.comLicensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Arte da Vitrine por Mari Doria #onicho #podcast

Dr. Lyne Morissette, marine mammal scientist and science communicator extrodinnaire, joins us on the podcast today to discuss her takeaways from the 22nd Biennial Conference for the Society of Marine Mammals. That means she gets to spend more than 5 days listening and talking about whales, dolphins, seals, walruses, polar bears and more!!! It's a dream come true!!! Lyne's highlights were the talks of the Northwest Atlantic Right Whales and what we will do about them, hearing about the Vaquita (only 19 left!!!), and the fusion of collaboration among various professions such as art and conservation.  By the way, the conference was held in Halifax, Nova Scotia and in true Canadian fashion, the entire conference took place on a hockey rink. The conference shirts were hockey jerseys!  Enjoy the Podcast!!! Sign up for the upcoming Webinar by Nick entitled: "Making Your Research Freely-Available with MarXiv:The (free!) research repository for ocean-conservation and marine climate science"   Let me know what you think of the episode by joining our Facebook Group for the Podcast. This episode was brought to you by Octo (Open Communications for The Oceans). Check out their recent MPA News (Marine Protected Area News) issue helping inform the Marine Science and Conservation field around the world. Support Speak Up For Blue's Efforts to create a free pr=resource program for Ocean Citizen Scientists to help move Marine Science and Conservation forward by collecting information for various Citizen Science program. Contribute to our Patreon Campaign

Thanks to spotted hyenas’ unusual social structure, males experience a tough life of solitude, harassment, and deprivation. Thanks also to our supporters on https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth ___________________________________________ If you want to learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Sex role reversed species: a species in which males and females exhibit roles other than what might be expected based on other aspects of their biology and mating systems ___________________________________________ Credits (and Twitter handles): Script Writer: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida) Script Editor: Emily Elert (@eelert) Video Illustrator: Ever Salazar (@eversalazar) Video Director: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida) Video Narrator: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida) With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Alex Reich, Peter Reich, David Goldenberg Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder Video Credits: Hyenas feeding - Kate Yoshida Image Credits: Scarface - Kate Yoshida _________________________________________ Like our videos? Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: http://goo.gl/EpIDGd Support us on Patreon: https://goo.gl/ZVgLQZ And visit our website: https://www.minuteearth.com/ Also, say hello on: Facebook: http://goo.gl/FpAvo6 Twitter: http://goo.gl/Y1aWVC And download our videos on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n ___________________________________________ If you liked this week’s video, we think you might also like: A blog by researchers currently studying spotted hyenas in Kenya's Masai Mara: http://msuhyenas.blogspot.com/ ___________________________________________ References: Chepko-Sade, B. D. & Z. T. Halpin. 1987. Mammalian dispersal patterns: the effects of social stucture on population genetics. University of Chicago Press. Chicago, Illinois. Holekamp, K.E. & Smale, L. (2000) Feisty females and meek males: reproductive strategies in the spotted hyena. In Reproduction in Context. K. Wallen and J. Schneider (Eds). MIT Press. Cambridge. MA. Pp. 257-285. Kruuk H. 1972. The spotted hyena: a study of predation and social behavior. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Smale, L., Nunes, S., and Holekamp, K.E. (1997) Sexually dimorphic dispersal in mammals: patterns, causes and consequences. Advances in the Study of Behavior 26: 181-250. Strauss, E., February 2017, personal communication. Turner, J., June 2017, personal communication. Van Horn, R.C., McElhinny, T.L. & Holekamp, K. E. (2003) Age estimation and dispersal in the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta). Journal of Mammalogy 84: 1019-1030. Watts, H. E. & Holekamp, K. E. (2007) Hyena societies. Current Biology 17: R657-R660.

Today we are going to explore The Himalayan Rabbit Breed. But first we are going to cover Rabbit Awareness Week which is from June 17th - 25th, 2017 This is the 11th year for Rabbit Awareness Week and the 2017 campaign is focusing on the importance of hay! #HoptoHay RAW is run by a collaboration of organizations: The Rabbit Welfare Association & Fund, The Blue Cross, PDSA, RSPCA, Wood Green, Burgess Pet Care and Agria Pet Insurance. This team pick a new theme each year and aim to provide information to both veterinary professionals and the general public about key aspects of rabbit care. Many veterinary clinics sign up to RAW and offer a range of events and promotions – you can visit the RAW website to see who has signed up and whats on offer. Rabbit Awareness Week (RAW) is an important week for rabbits. Over the past 11 years we have made it the biggest and best campaign about rabbit care and welfare in the UK! The UK is a nation of self-confessed pet lovers with recent research showing that rabbits are the 4th most popular pet in the UK with 0.8 million rabbits (PFMA Pet Population 2016 report). So we need to keep driving the messages about welfare for rabbits – especially for those pet owners who have got rabbits or are thinking about getting one! Every year Burgess Pet Care, together with its partners Agria Pet Insurance, RSPCA, PDSA, The Blue Cross, Rabbit Welfare Association and Fund (RWAF) and Wood Green The Animals Charity join forces to focus on a different aspect of rabbit care and welfare. During the RAW week thousands of vets and practices across the UK offer free health clinics for local rabbits and their owners. So it doesn't matter if your rabbits have never been to the vet before, it's the perfect opportunity to get them health checked by the experts! Hundreds of retailers and rescue centers will be running fun and educational events to also spread the word about how to get the most out of pet rabbits by keeping them happy and healthy. I feel that raising rabbit awareness should continue all year long and throughout many countries, so I urge you all to embrace RAW and continue it longer than just the suggested week. Together we aim to improve the lives of the UK's rabbits and stop them getting a RAW deal! http://www.rabbitawarenessweek.co.uk/ http://www.rabbitawareness.co.uk/ you can also support the podcast, and help keep the lights on, whenever you use Amazon through the link at Hare of the Rabbit on the support the podcast page. It will not cost you anything extra, and I can not see who purchased what. Although the Himalayan's name suggests that it originated in the Himalayas, it is unknown exactly where its origins lie. It strikes one strange that one of the very oldest rabbit breeds remains so unique today. Indeed, several of the earliest-developed breeds still seem one-of-a-kind. The Himalayan breed is even has a body type category all to itself! In the United States, there are several breeds with commercial, compact, or full-arch body type, but no other with cylindrical! The Himalayan is one of the oldest rabbit breeds we have today. They have been around for so long, we are not sure when they first appeared, or where they originated. Though some say they are indeed from the Himalayan mountain area, records of these rabbits are found is several regions of the old world. History Much of the history condensed from articles about the Himalayan Rabbit's History, written and compiled by Carl "Eli" Shepherd. The Himalayan’s first appearance happened so long ago that its record has been lost. Some say it did indeed come from the Himalayan mountain area in the middle east, but the truth is that there are timeworn writings of it occurring in many areas of the old world.  Himalayans may have come to America during the “Belgian Hare boom” around 1900. They were one of the earliest breeds recognized in the United States. 1857 seems to offer the earliest mention of white rabbits with black points called “Africans.” The description bears no resemblance to today’s Himalayans, other than color. The source of these Himalayan-pointed “African” rabbits was nowhere near China or Africa – they were sports from crosses of tame Silver-Gray rabbits with local wild English Silver-Gray warren rabbits and some unspecified black rabbits, possibly also sourced from the warrens as the Silver-Grays were known to throw recessive black offspring. The History of the Himalayan rabbit is very vague. There are many thoughts and theories of Himalayans. Actually there is no sound solid proof of where the Himalayan rabbit actually came from. There is little tangible evidence to indicate that it even came from the Himalayan Mountain area as many claim. Records indicate that this rabbit is known by over 20 names, which cause one writer to comment that "It is the most Christian rabbit having so many names." This rabbit is called, in various parts of the world, the Russian, the Chinese, the Egyptian, the Black Nose, and on and on. Himalayans are one of the oldest breeds of rabbit known throughout the world, dating back to ancient times in countries like China, Tibet, and Russia. It is one of the few breeds that was not man-made by crossing different breeds of rabbit. It is known as one of the oldest established breeds with a wider distribution throughout the world than any other rabbit. Himalayans, for the most part, will breed true to type and color. It is believed at some remote time in its history, that its ancestors were Silver rabbits in part. As in some litters of today, at birth, soon seem to be white slightly tinged all over with silver gray, and some are almost a solid gray. The Silver-gray or the Solid gray gradually leaves the baby rabbit and its coat becomes snow white, with its extremities, (nose, ears, feet & tail) gradually darkening until they reach a rich, velvety Black, Blue, Chocolate or Lilac. History of the Himalayans in the United States Around the turn of the century, or real early 1900's, Himalayans were shipped into the united States from England, along with what he called the "Belgian Hare Boom." Most breeders of other breeds also had some Himalayans. As at that time, Himalayan fur was the best of all rabbit furs. Back then, they were known as the Ermine fur of rabbits. This was before Rex and Satin fur came along. Many raised them for their valuable fur, as well as to show. Eventually, breeders began to raise them to show, and they also became popular as pets. The American Pet Stock Association recognized black Himalayans in 1912. Later, the American Rabbit and Cavy Association granted a charter to the American Himalayan Association in 1931. The club name was later changed to the current “American Himalayan Rabbit Association.” History of the Blue Variety. Let the records on Himalayans reveal that Black Himalayans are the only naturally occurring variety. Other Varieties (colors) have been created by crossbreeding other breeds of rabbits to create the desired variety or color. The 2nd Variety of Himalayans were Blues. There are no accurate records on who or how the first Blue Himalayans were developed. Breeders in England worked for many years to create Blue Himalayans with many problems to attempt to correct to achieve the true Himalayan type on Blues. Their progress on Blues is very vague. What we do know is Blue Himalayans were accepted at Tampa, Florida, on October 30th, 1962 by AHRA members. Only four AHRA members were present at this meeting. A motion by R. Hanson, that the Blue Himalayan be accepted by AHRA. Motion was seconded by Francis Riffle. And from that day on we have had Blue Himalayans as the second variety. Interest in Blue Himalayans was not very strong for many years. A few dedicated breeders kept Blues alive. Blues were very scarce and very seldom seen in many parts of the United States. It was reported that Don Lovejoy imported a pair of Blue Seniors and a Blue Junior Doe from England in 1963. No one seems to have any information on these imported blue Himalayans. A 1976 Himmie News stated that Diane Ford of California was to try for a Blue Himmie by crossing a Blue Havana doe. No records on how this venture turned out. Over the years there were several breeders who opposed the Blue variety very strongly. Especially one long time, well known breeder from Maryland. Lack of interest in Blues and a few breeders opposed to the Blue variety. A proposal was put to the AHRA membership to eliminate Blues as a variety of Himalayans in the early 1980's. This vote was very close. Blues survived only by a few votes. The Blue variety survived mainly due to the efforts of Ron Smelt of California. Due to Ron Smelt's efforts to save the Blue Variety, two additional varieties of Himalayans have been introduced by Ron Smelt of California. Which are Chocolate and Lilac marked Himalayans. History of the Chocolate & Lilac Himalayans By: Ron Smelt (A.H.R.A. Hall of Fame member). He started with showing and breeding Himalayans in 1976.  At that time only Black Himalayans were obtainable in his area. Some of the active show people were David Holland, Dorothy Bayliss and Leonard Weir and Diane Ford, who were in the process of getting out of the breed. He liked the Himalayan a lot and inherited the breed from Diane Ford. It was the perfect sized rabbit for him with the space he was able to give it. He liked the unique type and what he called an sophisticated look to the breed. He realized right away that England showed the Himalayan in four varieties. Black, Blue, Chocolate and Lilac. Here in the US only in Black and Blue. He thought it would not be unpleasant to have all four colors showing against each other in the US. He felt that with the four colors would create interest and as a result competition. During this time he also was told by the late Don Lovejoy, that the Himalayan was a dying breed. He did not want to except this and felt that his goal was to try and create interest in this breed and so the mission was set for him to do my part and find a way. He realized that this quest to have the Chocolate and Lilac Himalayans become excepted would be a long one. He felt that he needed support of others who were interested in the idea of having four colors in the standard. Several people he talked to felt that the only good Himalayan was a black Himalayan. A few persons supported him in his quest. Some only liked the Chocolates and did not care for the idea of Lilac Himalayans. The first few years were difficult ones. In the late 70's he corresponded with a Himalayan breeder Mr. Fred Nellis who lived in England. He told him how they got the Chocolate gene introduced into the Himalayans was with the use of the English Spot. English Spots from time to time produced Solid colored animals. An English Spot breeder by the name of Linda Bell of California called him up one day and said she had a chocolate doe for him. This was bred to a small black 3 1/2 lb. buck from Dorothy and George Bayliss. This cross produced all solid black offspring. They were bred together and the first Chocolate marked appeared. These then were bred to other black Himalayans and then mated to each other and the rabbits were beginning to look like Himalayans. Some of these early chocolates were rather large and lacked the refined look. Through line breeding a smaller, finer boned chocolate Himalayan developed. (In 1992 Chocolates Passed first ARBA Showing, Columbus, OH) The Chocolate Himalayan was then bred to the Blue Himalayan and from in-breeding the first Lilac Himalayan appeared. These lilacs were dark lilacs, you can tell the difference when you put them next to a blue. When presenting them to the Standards Committee, they did not like the color, it was too dark and too close to the blue. So what to do? He had reached a brick wall. He had locked in the dark Lilac color into his himmies. At the same time Judy Ball, a Mini Rex breeder, was also trying to get the Lilac Mini Rex accepted by the ARBA Standards Committee. The Standards Committee liked her color Mini Rex Lilacs. An idea went into his head to introduce this color liked by the Standards Committee into the Lilac Himalayans. He knew that he would be introducing a Non-Himalayan gene as well as Mini Rex fur into the Himalayans, and in line breeding and in-breeding this Rex gene would materialize some where down the road. He made a difficult decision and was afraid that his present dark Lilac Himalayans would not pass the Standards Committee since he was told the lighten them, and so he did. The first cross was his purchased Mini Rex Lilac Buck (from Judy Ball) bred to a Lilac Himalayan Doe. All the babies were Lilac, and to his surprise two of them were Himalayan marked, the rest solid. He lucked out again with the two Himalayan-marked Lilacs were buck and doe. They both turned out to be rather coarse and so lacked refinement. They produced lighter Himalayans, and the color he was looking for. The Lilacs became the 4th Himalayan color to be recognized. With selective breeding and culling refinement in the Lilac Himalayan returned, with an added bonus of better fur quality. Now the problem of the Non-Himmie gene and the rex gene will be floating around in some of these himmies, but he feels we can cull this out since there were only a few of these Lilacs passed on to other breeders. These past fifteen years of trying to have Chocolate Himalayans and Lilac Himalayans accepted into the ARBA Standards Committee have been fun with some heart-ache and lots of challenges and he is so glad to have been able to do it. As we have covered in some of the breeds where one breed is crossed to create another, The Himalayan also plays an important part in many other breed's history, especially the Californian's, which looks like a large, meaty version of it. The Californian was made by crossing Himalayans with New Zealands and a few other breeds (some Californian breeders say it is just Himalayan and New Zealand, while others say the Standard Chinchilla was mixed in too). The Californian was added to many other breeds (like Champagne d'Argents and some lines of Cinnamon) to improve body type, so Himalayan marked sports pop up sometimes. Overall Description Description and Standards Himalayans are long and snaky in body, the only rabbit breed with this body type, which is described as “sophisticated” by Mr. Smelt. They are mainly white, with color limited to the points – ears, nose, paws and tail. The eyes are red. They are small, weighing up to 4.5 pounds (2 kg) according to standards in the USA and UK. The Himalayan generally breeds true in type and color. But occasionally, some newborn Himalayan kits are tinged with silver, and others are nearly solid gray. Not to worry - the pigmentation eventually leaves the baby kit, and its coat turns snow white. At the same time, its points darken to nearly black (or blue, chocolate, or lilac). Body The Himalayan rabbit is medium-sized breed of rabbit easily mistaken for the Californian rabbit. The body is white with colored points, recognized colors are black, blue, chocolate and lilac. They are one of the oldest and calmest breeds. Adult Himalayans weigh 2 1/2 to 4 1/2 pounds (1 to 2 kg) with an ideal weight of 3 1/2 pounds. They are the only breed that is classified in shows as cylindrical. They are judged in a stretched-out position. They are posed stretched out, and their body is to be 3.5 head lengths. The Himalayan is posed with the body fully extended – stretched out as far as it will go while all four feet remain flat on the table. European Himalayans and American Himalayans have different poses. On most breeds, the top line of the body should be very round, but on a “Himie” it should be flat as possible. When looking at a posed Himalayan from above, the side body lines should be straight also, with little or no taper from the hindquarters to the shoulders.  Fur is a fly-back. All Himies are white with red eyes and colored markings on the points. Markings include an egg-shaped “smut” on the nose, colored “boots” on the feet, and colored ears and tail. The markings are black, blue, chocolate, or lilac, but the body is always pure white. The Himie color is found as a variety in a number of other breeds, such as Mini Rex and Netherland Dwarf. It’s called Californian in the Cal, Satin, and Rex, and pointed white in Jersey Woolies, lops, and angoras. The color can vary with the surrounding temperature: points become darker in colder climates and lighter in warmer ones. In fact, a rabbit can even develop a dark spot if it lies against a cold metal object such as a feed cup on a winter night. Color differences: The black color variety is the only one in the Himalayan that was not produced by crossbreeding. Other acceptable colors are blue, chocolate, and lilac. This breed is born solid white, but its colored markings develop with age. Coat A Himalayan rabbit’s fly-back fur is short, soft and doesn’t need much maintenance in order to keep its healthy sheen. Should you find your Himalayan rabbit is shedding more than usual (such as during spring), simply brush their fur 2-3 times per week or as required. Otherwise, a weekly brushing with spot-cleaning using a damp cloth should more than sufficient. Colors The Himalayan rabbit is well known for its markings, which are similar to the Himalayan cats'. The Himalayan rabbit’s body is always white with different colored markings. The markings include colored “boots”, an egg-shaped marking on its nose and a colored tail and ears. The markings can be black, blue, chocolate or lilac. This coloration is due to a heat-sensitive enzyme on the Himalayan’s body that creates a brown pigment melanin. This enzyme is active on the parts of the body where the Himalayan rabbit is discolored, such as their ears, nose, feet and tail.The markings change with age and environment. The colder weather may darken markings, enlarge markings, and also add markings around the eyes and genitals (vent smut). These markings are not a disqualification because it is not on the usable portion of the pelt. If the markings spread into the usable portion of the pelt, such as into the belly or on the pin bones, it is a disqualification. Warmer weather may lighten markings, shrink markings, and cause white hairs in markings (known as "frosting"). In extreme warm weather, a Himalayan may even develop light or white toenails. Chocolate and lilac Himalayans usually have bigger markings than blacks and blues, and are more likely to develop disqualifying markings, known as "smut". Himalayans may develop smut after just ten minutes of contact to cold objects. Baby Himalayans are especially sensitive to temperature. Most babies in the warmth of the nest will look the same as albino babies (because Himalayans can only produce eumelanin under a certain temperature and they cannot produce pheomelanin at all.) If a nest gets too cold or a baby falls out, they will get dark bands on their fur. This varies from looking to off-white to looking chinchilla-colored, and it causes confusion among many novice breeders. Because of their constantly changing colors, most Himalayan breeders do not look at markings as a factor when making breeding plans. A baby who was chilled in the nest box is often called "frosty," which is not to be confused with frosted pearl. Genetics Himalayans are known for having a double copy of the ch gene. They also have a black color, which is probably caused by a double copy of the a (self) gene. Then there are the variations with the B gene (chocolate) and the D gene (dilute). A Himalayan with bb will show up as chocolate, a Himalayan with dd will show up as blue and a Himalayan with both bb and dd will show up as lilac. The Himalayan gene (ch) has been bred into many other breeds, they lack marking modifiers so they often show up with smaller, lighter markings. Things to Avoid: Rabbits with short, close coupled type, or an arch or taper in the top or side lines. Heavy hips, large bone, or large rabbits. Fat rabbits or animals with pot bellies are faulted. A dewlap is a disqualification. Full, bulldog type head, or pinched muzzle. Thick ears, ears shaped like spoons, or ears that are spread apart. Unmatched toenails are a disqualification. Fur that is long, harsh, uneven, or hutch stained is a fault. Eye stains are a minor fault. Smut (dark color) is a disqualification on any useable part of the pelt, and white spots in any marking is a disqualification. Markings that have stray white hairs, are not clean cut, are frosty, brassy, or are unequal. Himalayans commonly have an extra set of teats. Diet Like other rabbits, the Himalayan will benefit from a diet that consists of high-quality hay and Pellets and the rest of a healthy mix of fruits, vegetables, leafy greens and pellets. There are plenty types of pellets and hay available on the market, some with higher protein content than the other depending on your budget. Be aware of what kid of fruits, leafy greens and vegetables you have in your home as some are rabbit-safe and others are not. In fact, most leafy greens are unsafe as they can cause digestive issues, especially if you feed your rabbit a large amount of it. Feed your rabbit greens that are high in fiber and nutrients, such as romaine lettuce, and be aware of what kind of fruits you’re feeding (nothing that is too high in sugar). Health The Himalayan rabbit is not susceptible to any particular health issues like Wool block. They do require regular checking in a few places such as their ears (for mites), their coat and backsides (for flystrike) and their teeth (for overgrown teeth). Overgrown teeth can protrude into your rabbit’s face and jaw and be painful. Symptoms include a loss of appetite, droppings and overall less movement from your rabbit. When a rabbit’s coat is soiled with feces, urine or other unpleasantness, flies may like to call your rabbit’s bottom their home. They can lay their eggs and once the eggs have hatched, they will eat your rabbit’s flesh while they are alive in order to get the nutrients to grow. This is painful for your rabbit and can cause death. If you believe your rabbit may have contracted fly-strike, take them to your local veterinarian immediately for treatment. Temperament/behavior Himalayans are a unique breed. There is no other breed as gentle and easy to handle. Their gentle, loving nature puts them in a class unto itself. Their small size and weight allows for smaller cage space and lower feed bills than many other breeds of rabbit. These rabbits are remarkably docile and loving, making them a wonderful choice for 4-H projects or a child’s pet. The Himalayan rabbit is gentle and patient, making them the perfect pet for families with young children or seniors. Himalayans are known for their easy-going and docile temperament. This coupled with their small size makes them an excellent choice for children wanting to start raising and showing rabbits. This rabbit’s small size makes it ideal for smaller hands to carefully pick up. In fact, this breed of rabbit is not known to scratch or bite humans, making them the perfect pet for families with young children or seniors looking for a furry companion to add some color to their life. They are generally calm-natured animals who don’t mind being picked up, petted and handled and unlike other high-energy rabbits, Himalayans are not particularly active. Having said that, they do require plenty of time out of their enclosures not only to socialize and bond with their human family but also to stretch their legs and catch some sunshine. Rabbits are not impossible to litter train, however they are significantly more challenging than training, let’s say, a dog or a cat. They have the tendency to “go” anywhere they please. To remedy this requires plenty of patience…and lots of litter boxes. Place a few litter boxes around your home where you find your Himalayan tends to do the deed and with lots of hard work (and rewards!), you should be well on your way to litter-training your little rabbit. Make sure their enclosure is large enough so they can comfortably stretch out of their full size and although Himalayans are relatively small, they are long so make sure you purchase the correct enclosure size. uses Rabbits tend to be bred for one of four things: meat, fur, show, or pet use. Himalayans are popular both as show rabbits and as pets. They have fine bone and a skinny body, and, unlike many other breeds, were never raised primarily for meat. This breed's main purpose is for showing, but in its past, it was raised for its white pelt. Club The American Rabbit Breeders Association (ARBA) maintains the breed standard for all of the recognized rabbit and cavy breeds for it's international membership. Recognized breeds are eligible for Registration and Grand Champion recognition. The AMERICAN RABBIT BREEDERS ASSOCIATION, INC. is an organization dedicated to the promotion, development, and improvement of the domestic rabbit and cavy. The British Rabbit Council (BRC) is a British showing organization for rabbit breeders. Today, the BRC among other things investigates rabbit diseases, maintains a catalog of rabbit breeds, and sets rules for about 1,000 rabbit shows annually in the UK. Today all four varieties are recognized in both the UK and the USA. The Black variety, however remain a popular variety. Himalayans are easy to find in most areas and breeders are easily found online Have I Missed Anything about the Himalayan? If you know something about the breed standard, history or status of the Himalayan rabbit, please let me know. Do you have a story about the Himalayan Breed? What do you love about them? Do you have any tips or tricks up your sleeve for what might make this breed happiest? Perhaps you're a breeder of the Himalayan rabbit. Let me know, and maybe we can set up an interview? http://www.himalayanrabbit.com/breed_history.htm http://himalayanrabbit.com/ http://www.raising-rabbits.com/himalayan-rabbit.html http://rabbitbreeders.us/himalayan-rabbits http://www.thenaturetrail.com/rabbit-breeds/himalayan-rabbit-breed-information/ http://animal-world.com/encyclo/critters/rabbits/HimalayanRabbit.php http://ahra2001.tripod.com/history.html http://www.petguide.com/breeds/rabbit/himalayan-rabbit/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayan_rabbit If you would like to support the podcast, you can support through Patreon for one dollar a month. Patreon is an established online platform that allows fans to provide regular financial support to creators. Plant of the Week:  Carrot Word of the Week:  Catnip A Rabbit Story http://www.sacred-texts.com/asia/tft/tft38.htm The voice of the wolf is a sign to the sheep. Tibetan Proverb. ONCE upon a time there were two neighbor families, one family composed of an old mother bear and her son and the other of an old mother rabbit and her son. The children kept the house while the two mothers went out to dig roots. The rabbit's claws were sharp and quick and she got the most. This made the old bear mad so she killed the rabbit and took the dead body and roots home, although she couldn't dig very many, as her claws were dull. The little rabbit waited and waited and could not understand why his mother didn't come home. Finally he slipped over to the old bear's house to see what he could discover. He peeped in and saw that the old bear was cooking his mother, and she and her son sat down and ate her all up. He felt dreadfully bad and began to think of revenge, and said to himself: "Some day I will get even with them." One day the old mother bear went out to carry water, and while she was gone the little rabbit heated an arrow red hot and shot the little bear in the ear and killed him. Then he took his mother's sack which the old bear had stolen with the roots in it and carried it away with him. As he went up the mountain he met a tiger and said to him, "There is a bear coming after me, Mr. Tiger, won't you save me and find a place for me to hide?" "All right, you crawl in my ear and that bear will never find you." The old mother bear returned, bringing her kang of water, and found her son dead. She said, "The young rabbit has done this. I shall follow him and kill him." So, going after the rabbit, she came upon the tiger and asked, "Have you seen a fellow with gray fur and long ears any-where? If you don't tell me the truth I will kill you." The tiger answered, "Don't talk to me that way, for I could kill you without very much trouble." And the old bear went on. The rabbit sat there in the tiger's ear eating some of the roots he had in his sack and the tiger could hear him munching away, and asked: "What are you eating?" "My own eye-ball," he answered. The tiger said, "Give me one, they seem very good." The rabbit handed him a root, the tiger ate and said, "That's very good. Let's take my eye-balls out and eat them, and if I am blind, since I saved you from this bear, you will take care of me and lead me around, will you not?" The rabbit said, "I will do that all right." So he dug out the tiger's two eye-balls and handed him some roots to eat in place of them. Then he went on leading the tiger, who now was blind, right up to the side of a big steep cliff, where he told him to lie down and go to sleep. Then he built a big fire on the other side of the tiger, who got so hot that when he moved away he fell over the cliff and killed himself. The rabbit now went to a shepherd and told him, "There is a dead tiger up there, you can go and cut him up." Then he went to the wolf and said, "The shepherd is gone and you can go kill some sheep." Then he went to the raven and said, "You can go and pick the little wolves' eyes out, as their mother is gone to kill a sheep." Now the rabbit had done so much harm he thought he had better run away. He went into a far country and I expect he still dwells there. News Campaign aims to put Hungarian rabbit, popular abroad, on local plates https://bbj.hu/economy/campaign-aims-to-put-hungarian-rabbit-popular-abroad-on-local-plates-_134133 Hungaryʼs government and rabbit farming professionals launched a national campaign to boost consumption of rabbit meat on Friday, Hungarian news agency MTI reported. István Nagy, state secretary at the Agriculture Ministry, said that while Hungary is Europeʼs biggest exporter of rabbit meat, it is on the bottom rung when it comes to domestic consumption of the healthy meat, which is low in cholesterol and fat, as well as being easy to prepare. Hungarians consume just 200-300 grams of rabbit meat per capita each year, while residents of Mediterranean countries eat more than 2 kg, he added. Róbert Juráskó, who heads the Rabbit Product Council, said healthy, easy to digest rabbit meat should be on Hungarian familiesʼ tables at least once a week. St. Louis Families Would Be Permitted 8 Chickens, Rabbits Under New Proposal http://www.riverfronttimes.com/newsblog/2017/06/12/st-louis-families-would-be-permitted-8-chickens-rabbits-under-new-proposal A bill introduced at the Board of Aldermen last week would allow St. Louis families to keep up to eight chickens or rabbits on a normal-sized city lot — a sizable increase to what's currently permitted. Under existing city ordinances, St. Louis residents are allowed no more than four pets total, and chickens and rabbits have no special classification. If you have three dogs and one chicken, for example, you've reached the cap. But the new bill, sponsored by Alderwoman Cara Spencer and Christine Ingrassia, carves out a framework for small farm animals, namely chickens and rabbits, that is separate from pets. It would also allow one Vietnamese potbelly pig per household, although other large farm animals and roosters both remain expressly prohibited. The new regulations are part of a broader effort to encourage urban farming within St. Louis. The alderwomen worked with the Missouri Coalition for the Environment, seeking to bring the city's ordinances that affect urban agriculture in line with best practices in other cities. The coalition's survey, which involved more than 850 people, found broad support for such reforms locally. An additional proposal from Ingrassia and Spencer would allow St. Louis residents to sell eggs, honey and produce from the property where they are grown, without costly business licenses. Says Ingrassia, "It's all about letting people have easier access to food, and to make the city more sustainable." Selling home-grown produce won't make anyone rich, she acknowledges. "But if you can make a few extra bucks, that's a good thing." Last year, a proposal to increase to six the number of chickens owned by city households couldn't attain passage at the Board of Aldermen. Spencer, for one, believes this year may be different. "With the new energy on the board and more progressives on it, we should be able to get this passed," she says. She urges all of those interested in the issue to contact their alderman or woman to seek their support.   Sharon J. Mixdorf (1962-2017) http://wcfcourier.com/lifestyles/announcements/obituaries/sharon-j-mixdorf/article_4729793d-e6d5-5a2d-bdc2-71b97dd76abb.html DENVER -- Sharon Jane Mixdorf, 55, of Denver, died at home Saturday, June 10, from complications of breast cancer. She was born June 6, 1962, in Marshfield, Wis., daughter of Stanley and Joan Welch Fait. On May 30, 1992, she married Eric Mixdorf in Marshfield. She graduated from Marshfield Columbus High School in 1980. Sharon lived in Marshfield, Waterloo and Denver and worked as a pet and dog groomer for 22 years, most recently at Brookside Veterinary Hospital in Cedar Falls. She was a member of the Bremer County Genealogical Society, Pet Pals, Iowa State Dutch Rabbit Club, Iowa State Rabbit Breeders Association, Collie Club of America, American English Spot Rabbit Club and was a life member of the American Rabbit Breeders Association and the American Dutch Rabbit Club. Sharon also was the director of the Upper Midwest Dutch Rabbit Club, the secretary of the Waterloo Area Rabbit Breeders Association, and was the Rabbit Show secretary at the National Cattle Congress Fair. Survived by: her husband; her mother of Marshfield; five sisters, Nancy (Leon) LeClair of Two Rivers, Wis., Linda (Dan) Neve of Marshfield, Mary Lou (Rich) Volk of Arpin, Wis., Patty (Jim) Shaw of Marshfield and Kathy (Tony) Kuhlka of Hewitt, Wis.; a brother, Michael (Gayle) Fait of Marshfield; two sisters-in-law, Pat Bitel and Brenda (Patrick) Wellner; four brothers-in-law, Darrell Gates of Pittsville, Wis., Richard (Kathy) Mixdorf, David (Rhonda) Mixdorf and Brian (Esther) Mixdorf; and numerous nieces and nephews. Preceded in death by: her father; and her twin sister, Karen Gates. Services: 2 p.m. Friday, June 16, at Trinity Lutheran Church, Waterloo, with burial in Garden of Memories. Visitation will be from 4 to 7 p.m. Thursday, June 15, at Parrott & Wood Chapel of Memories, Waterloo. Memorials: may be directed to the family. Condolences may be left at www.overtonservice.com. Sharon enjoyed reading, camping, swimming, canoeing, rabbit shows and exotic animal swaps.   New Species of Cottontail Rabbit Identified: Sylvilagus parentum http://www.sci-news.com/biology/sylvilagus-parentum-suriname-lowland-forest-cottontail-04951.html new species of cottontail rabbit (genus Sylvilagus) has been described from the lowlands of western Suriname by Portland State University Professor Luis Ruedas. The Suriname lowland forest cottontail (Sylvilagus parentum). Image credit: UOL / IUCN. The Suriname lowland forest cottontail (Sylvilagus parentum). Image credit: UOL / IUCN. Prof. Ruedas made the discovery after studying rabbit specimens at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden, the Netherlands. The specimens were collected in the 1980s by Dutch scientists during the fieldwork in Suriname. The researcher studied the anatomy of the specimens and determined they were larger and shaped differently than other rabbits throughout South America. He named the newfound species the Suriname lowland forest cottontail. The scientific name of the species, Sylvilagus parentum, honors Prof. Ruedas’ parents, Patricio Ruedas Younger and Paloma Martín Daza. “The rabbit discovery in South America could affect how animal species are identified as unique, which is an important step when determining if a species is endangered,” Prof. Ruedas said. “It could also lead to conservation efforts in Suriname, where environmental degradation is threatening the rabbit’s habitat.” Sylvilagus parentum is relatively large for a South American cottontail. The species measures 15.3 inches (39 cm) in head and body length and 10 inches (2.5 cm) in tail length. The length of the ears is about 2.4 inches (6 cm). The average mass is around 3.3 pounds (1.5 kg). The new species is described in a paper recently published in the online edition of the Journal of Mammalogy. _____ Luis A. Ruedas. A new species of cottontail rabbit (Lagomorpha: Leporidae: Sylvilagus) from Suriname, with comments on the taxonomy of allied taxa from northern South America. Journal of Mammalogy, published online May 17, 2017; doi: 10.1093/jmammal/gyx048   A new species of cottontail rabbit (Lagomorpha: Leporidae: Sylvilagus) from Suriname, with comments on the taxonomy of allied taxa from northern South America https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-abstract/doi/10.1093/jmammal/gyx048/3828752/A-new-species-of-cottontail-rabbit-Lagomorpha?redirectedFrom=fulltext Abstract Of the 19 currently recognized species of Sylvilagus Gray, 1867, 15 inhabit North America, and only 5 are recognized in South America: S. brasiliensis Linnaeus, 1758 (throughout most of the continent); S. varynaensis Durant and Guevara, 2001, restricted to the southern lowlands of Venezuela (states of Barinas, Portuguesa, and Guarico); S. andinus (Thomas, 1897) from the Andean páramos of Ecuador and potentially in a sporadic manner to the Colombian and Venezuelan páramos; and S. tapetillus Thomas, 1913, from the coastal plain in the region of Rio de Janeiro. In addition to these, putative subspecies of S. floridanus, primarily a North American taxon, nominally are recognized from the grassland plains areas of northwestern South America east of the Andes. While S. varynaensis and S. tapetillus are monotypic, S. brasiliensis contains at least 37 named taxa in synonymy, distributed in various habitats; S. andinus requires further study. As a result of the recent description of a neotype for S. brasiliensis, it is now possible to assess species limits and begin the process of illuminating formerly obscured biological diversity in South American cottontails. Here, I describe a new species of Sylvilagus from the lowlands of western Suriname, and excise S. sanctaemartaeHershkovitz, 1950 from synonymy with S. brasiliensis.

Thousands of protestors in cities across North America marched on the weekend, calling attention to the need for science in society and government. I absolutely loved seeing some of the signs that scientists, educators, and science enthusiasts came up with for their local marches. My personal favourite read: “First they came for the scientists, and the National Park Service said, 'LOL, no' and went rogue and we were all like 'I was not expecting the park rangers to lead the resistance. None of the dystopian novels I’ve read prepared me for this.'” You can see some of the other ones from protests across the continent in various news reports that I’ve shared on my social media streams: Facebook.com/DefenderRadio, and Twitter @DefenderRadio. It feels fitting, too, that this week we’re looking at a solution to a long-standing ethical, environmental, and economic problem that could be solved with science. A paper titled Thousands of protestors in cities across North America marched on the weekend, calling attention to the need for science in society and government. I absolutely loved seeing some of the signs that scientists, educators, and science enthusiasts came up with for their local marches, with my personal favourite reading, “First they came for the scientists, and the National Park Service said, “LOL, no” and went rogue and we were all like “I was not expecting the park rangers to lead the resistance. None of the dystopian novels I’ve read prepared me for this.” You can see some of the other ones from protests across the continent in various news reports that I’ve shared on my social media streams: Facebook.com/DefenderRadio, and Twitter @DefenderRadio. It feels fitting, too, that this week we’re looking at a solution to a long-standing ethical, environmental, and economic problem that could be solved with science. A paper titled “Adaptive use of non-lethal strategies for minimizing wolf-sheep conflict in Idaho” was published in the February edition of the Journal of Mammalogy. It isn’t the first paper or study that’s looked at solutions to ending conflict on livestock grazing lands, but it certainly is expansive and exciting. Along with biologists, local ranchers, and a United States Department of Agriculture researcher, Suzanne Stone of Defenders of Wildlife collected data of depredation and management practices from two similar, yet separate areas of land in the Gem state. What they found confirms, scientifically, what many have said for some time: non-lethal deterrents work better than lethal control, cost less, and save thousands of lives. To talk more about this incredible study, the findings, the questions that still need to be asked, and what all of this means for a potential end to the war on wildlife, Defenders of Wildlife’s Suzanne Stone joined Defender Radio. was published in the February edition of the Journal of Mammalogy. It isn’t the first paper or study that’s looked at solutions to ending conflict on livestock grazing lands, but it certainly is expansive and exciting. Along with biologists, local ranchers, and a United States Department of Agriculture researcher, Suzanne Stone of Defenders of Wildlife collected data of depredation and management practices from two similar, yet separate areas of land in the Gem state. What they found confirms, scientifically, what many have said for some time: non-lethal deterrents work better than lethal control, cost less, and save thousands of lives. To talk more about this incredible study, the findings, the questions that still need to be asked, and what all of this means for a potential end to the war on wildlife, Defenders of Wildlife’s Suzanne Stone joined Defender Radio.

We talk about the significance of collection museums with Emily Grasile, Chief Curiosity Correspondent at the Field Museum; Shannon Bennett, Chief of Science at the California Academy of Sciences; and Jack Dumbacher, chairman and curator of the California Academy of Science’s Department of Ornithology and Mammalogy.

Why do some species flourish and others falter? Sometimes it just comes down to luck. A big thank-you to our supporters on https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth : - Today I Found Out - Maarten Bremer - Jeff Straathof - Mark Roth - Tony Fadell - Muhammad Shifaz - 靛蓝字幕组 - Alberto Bortoni - Valentin - Antoine Coeur ___________________________________________ FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some handy keywords to get your googling started: - Bering land bridge: an ancient land bridge that connected Asia and North America at various times during the Quaternary glaciation, allowing Homo sapiens and other species migrations. - The Holocene extinction: (also referred to as the Sixth extinction or Anthropocene extinction) is the ongoing extinction event of species during the present Holocene epoch (since around 10,000 BCE) mainly due to human activity. The Holocene extinction includes the disappearance of large land animals known as megafauna, starting between 9,000 and 13,000 years ago, the end of the last Ice Age. - Atlatl (spear-thrower): is a tool that uses leverage to achieve greater velocity in dart-throwing. - Bile bears: sometimes called battery bears, are bears kept in captivity to harvest their bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, which is used by some traditional Chinese medicine practitioners, though there is no evidence that bear bile has any medicinal effect, and no plausible mechanism by which it might work. Species featured in this video: - American black bear (Ursus americanus) - Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus) - Black-footed Ferret or American polecat (Mustela nigripes) - Steppe polecat (Mustela eversmanii) - Humans (Homo Sapiens) - Prairie dogs (genus Cynomys) ___________________________________________ Credits (and Twitter handles): Script Writer: David Goldenberg (@dgoldenberg) Script Editor: Emily Elert (@eelert) Video Illustrator: Ever Salazar (@eversalazar) Video Director: Emily Elert (@eelert) Video Narrator: Henry Reich (@MinutePhysics) With Contributions From: Alex Reich, Kate Yoshida, Peter Reich and Rachel Becker Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder Image Credits: Mustela nigripes - USFWS Mountain Prairie https://www.flickr.com/photos/usfwsmtnprairie/5244106245/ Mustela eversmanii - Andrei Kotkin (used with permission) Ursus americanus - Ryan E. Poplin http://flickr.com/photos/27446776@N00/668275432 Ursus thibetanus - Guérin Nicolas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ursus_thibetanus_3_(Wroclaw_zoo).JPG _________________________________________ Like our videos? Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: http://goo.gl/EpIDGd Get early, exclusive access to our videos on Vessel: https://goo.gl/hgD1iJ Support us on Patreon: https://goo.gl/ZVgLQZ Also, say hello on: Facebook: http://goo.gl/FpAvo6 Twitter: http://goo.gl/Y1aWVC And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n ___________________________________________ References: Schieck, B., McCown, W. (2014). Geographic distribution of American black bears in North America. Ursus, 25-1(24-33). Retrieved from http://www.bearbiology.com/fileadmin/tpl/Downloads/URSUS/Vol_25_1_/Scheick_and_McCown_2014_Ursus.pdf Pappas, S. (2014).Humans Blamed for Extinction of Mammoths, Mastodons & Giant Sloths. LiveScience. Retrieved from: http://www.livescience.com/46081-humans-megafauna-extinction.html Feng, Y., Siu, K., Wang, N., Ng, K., Tsao, S., Nagamatsu, T., Tong, Y. (2009). Bear bile: dilemma of traditional medicinal use and animal protection. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 5:2. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2630947/ Biggins, D., Hanebury, L., Miller, B., Powell, R. (2011). Black-footed ferrets and Siberian polecats as ecological surrogates and ecological equivalents. Journal of Mammalogy, 92(4): 710-720. Retrieved from https://www.fort.usgs.gov/sites/default/files/products/publications/22786a/22786a.pdf

Episode Notes:I think the title speaks for itself...Questions that came up in the episode:Flying Squirrels More Populous than Reds and Grays?During this episode, Bill mentioned a statistic he’d heard, claiming that Flying Squirrels outnumbered Red and Gray Squirrels in the Northeast. After recording episode 3, Bill tried to track down any credible sources, but he found not a single reference to this claim on any website, blog, or scientific paper. Unless someone out there has a reliable source to back up this statistic, we’ll have to conclude that Bill just made this up.**UPDATE - BILL WAS RIGHT! At least in Ohio, that is. A big thank you to Randy from Bowling Green who sent us a link to Ohio's Department of Natural Resources and their page on the Southern Flying Squirrel. It states, "The flying squirrel is the most common squirrel in Ohio. Because they are nocturnal and seldom seen, most people don't recognize that they live with flying squirrels." While we wish that this info was linked to the research, we're going to trust that Ohio's DNR know what they're talking about because Bill's ego is fragile and he really wants to to be right. http://wildlife.ohiodnr.gov/species-and-habitats/species-guide-index/mammals/southern-flying-squirrel Mistakes:I'm sure we will find out.Work Cited: Barboza, Perry S., Sean D. Farley, and Charles T. Robbins. "Whole-body urea cycling and protein turnover during hyperphagia and dormancy in growing bears (Ursus americanus and U. arctos)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75.12 (1997): 2129-2136.Breukelen, Frank van, and Sandra L. Martin. "The hibernation continuum: physiological and molecular aspects of metabolic plasticity in mammals."Physiology 30.4 (2015): 273-281.Burt, William Henry. A field guide to the mammals: North America north of Mexico. Vol. 5. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1980.Daan, Serge, Brain M. Barnes, and Arjen M. Strijkstra. "Warming up for sleep?—ground squirrels sleep during arousals from hibernation." Neuroscience letters 128.2 (1991): 265-268.Ditmer, Mark A., Thomas E. Burk, and David L. Garshelis. "Do innate food preferences and learning affect crop raiding by American black bears?." Ursus 26.1 (2015): 40-52.Donahue, Seth W., et al. "Serum markers of bone metabolism show bone loss in hibernating bears." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 408 (2003): 295-301.Donahue, Seth W., et al. "Parathyroid hormone may maintain bone formation in hibernating black bears (Ursus americanus) to prevent disuse osteoporosis." Journal of Experimental Biology 209.9 (2006): 1630-1638.Fuster, Gemma, et al. "Antiproteolytic effects of plasma from hibernating bears: a new approach for muscle wasting therapy?." Clinical Nutrition 26.5 (2007): 658-661.Goodrich, John M., and Joel Berger. "Winter recreation and hibernating black bears Ursus americanus." Biological Conservation 67.2 (1994): 105-110.Heldmaier, Gerhard. "Life on low flame in hibernation." Science 331.6019 (2011): 866-867.Herrero, Stephen. "Aspects of evolution and adaptation in American black bears (Ursus americanus Pallas) and brown and grizzly bears (U. arctos Linne.) of North America." Bears: Their biology and management (1972): 221-231.Jani, Alkesh, et al. "Renal adaptation during hibernation." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 305.11 (2013): F1521-F1532.Laske, Timothy G., David L. Garshelis, and Paul A. Iaizzo. "Monitoring the wild black bear's reaction to human and environmental stressors." BMC Physiology11.1 (2011): 13.McGee-Lawrence, Meghan E., et al. "Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) and black bears (Ursus americanus) prevent trabecular bone loss during disuse (hibernation)." Bone 45.6 (2009): 1186-1191.McGee-Lawrence, Meghan, et al. "Suppressed bone remodeling in black bears conserves energy and bone mass during hibernation." The Journal of Experimental Biology 218.13 (2015): 2067-2074.Spector, David A., et al. "The urothelium of a hibernator: the American black bear." Physiological Reports 3.6 (2015): e12429.Tøien, Øivind, et al. "Hibernation in black bears: independence of metabolic suppression from body temperature." Science 331.6019 (2011): 906-909.Vaughan, Terry A., James M. Ryan, and Nicholas J. Czaplewski. Mammalogy. Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2013.

In this SciCafe, curator Nancy Simmons and postdoctoral fellow Abigail Curtis, from the Museum's Department of Mammalogy, take an exciting journey inside the world (and bodies!) of bats. This SciCafe took place at the Museum on October 7, 2015. To watch the accompanying video for this SciCafe, visit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfjERb0CNC0 The SciCafe Series is proudly sponsored by Judy and Josh Weston.

00:00:00 - Since we spend so much time promoting everyone else's work, we decided to be a bit selfish and spend the first segment talking about our own science. Charlie has a paper coming out in Nature Climate Change about moving forward into a low-carbon, sustainable energy future. No big deal. Patrick has 2 papers (show off) to talk about. The first is about how to not mess up your samples by using bleach. And the second is about paleodiet using everyone's favorite atoms: the stable isotopes! Ryan has a paper in Journal of Mammalogy of teeth of sloths, armadillos, and cats. Listen in to find out how that's all actually connected.   00:39:55 - Since it's a special occasion, the Paleopals decide to have a drink. Ryan's beer embodies an aspect of each of them: Odell's Fernet Aged Porter. Patrick goes back to the beginning with a Guinness. And Charlie, recovering from jaw surgery, revels in the palatable bitterness of a Sculpin IPA from Ballast Point.   00:47:36 - The preview doesn't give away much, but that doesn't mean that the guys don't have plenty to say about the upcoming sci-fi thriller Coherence. We also announce the partial retirement of Trailer Trash Talk. You had a good run, segment, and you've earned a break.   00:58:29 - Now we've talked about our own science, we take some time to talk about the state of science in general. Topics include: women in science, problems with peer review and open access, social networks and science, and trends within science outreach.   01:31:32 - PaleoPOWs are a lot like anniversaries. They happen regularly and we always remember them. Patrick begins with an oh so generous donation from Cameron L. Thanks, Cameron! Ryan has a new batch of Supramystic Saga cards from Jonathan Horn of Blue Dot Prints! These cards are available to anyone who's ever been a recurring donor, but to get them you have to answer the following trivia question: do you want these cards? Please send your answer to paleopals@sciencesortof.com to see if you've gotten it right! Finally, Charlie has a question from Matt J. about the energetics of zombie metabolisms. Charlie somehow turns this into an existential crisis. And we end the show thanking, in particular, Thomas Queen, who designed our brand new logo! We love it and hope you do too.     Thank you to everyone who showed us love on Facebook and Twitter to celebrate this milestone. We hope you'll stick around with us and all the other Brachiolope Media Network shows for another 200 weeks of science... sort of!   Music for this week's show: Salute Your Solution - The Raconteurs Drinkin' Again - Corey Smith Party At The End of The Universe - SonicPicnic (from the game Awesomenauts) Forward Motion - Relient K

Psycomedia Episode 61 – The Canary’s Tusks http://archive.org/download/PsycomediaEpisode61-TheCanarysTusks/PsycomediaEpisode61-TheCanarysTusks.mp3 References: Amiel, J. J. and Shine, R. (2012). Hotter nests produce smarter young lizards. Biol. Lett., 8, 372-374. Hall, K. R. L., & Schaller, G. B. (1964). Tool-using behavior of the California sea otter. Journal of Mammalogy, 287-298. Jacobs, L. F., & Liman, E. R. (1991). Grey squirrels […]

Hello again. Like I said before, I’m Mark Valentine and I’m going to be talking about Megafaunal Extinction and how it affects present and future biodiversity. Before I begin, you probably are going to want to know what exactly Megafauna are. Megafauna are HUGE animals. This would certainly include animals like elephants and giraffes, but also lions, tigers and bears. All these animals, however, are relatively well known and still exist in the world today. What many people don’t know is that there were many incredible Megafauna that existed a few thousand years ago that are now extinct. Around 50,000 years ago, at the end of the last Ice Age, Megafauna worldwide underwent massive and widespread extinctions . Before then, there were all kinds of amazing and enormous animals worldwide: In Eurasia, there were wooly mammoths and saber tooth cats, which you’ve probably heard of, but in North America there were beavers the size of small cars and 9 foot tall Bison with horns that spanned over 6 feet , in South America there were 5 foot tall armadillos and Giant Ground Sloths the size of elephants , and in Australia there were wombats the size of Hippopotamuses . All these animals have two things in common: One, that they are absolutely massive, and two, that they have all contributed to the historical phenomenon that Megafauna are more likely to go extinct than smaller animals . So what caused these extinctions? There are two causes. We know that human hunting lead to the extinction of many Megafaunal species, like Steller’s Sea Cow, which was basically a 30 feet long , 20,000 pound manatee . Another major cause of these extinctions was climate change. A recent study showed that climate change had significant effect on many species, and actually may have been the cause of extinction for wooly rhinos, giant bison, and other Megafauna . So what does this mean for present and future biodiversity? It’s not good. The same two factors—humans and climate—are again playing a role in Megafaunal extinctions. As humans increase in population and expand outwards, more and more animals are being threatened, and since Megafauna need more living space than other animals they are more affected. Animals including pandas and tigers are already endangered because of this. We’re also experiencing global climate shifts due to global warming, which is already causing a decline in Megafauna like the polar bear . The continued global trend of a loss of large animals is clearly leading towards one result: a world overrun with the smallest kinds of animals which can live alongside humans, or in other words, a world overrun with rodents . But this does not have to happen. If we as humans can dramatically change the way we live to reduce climate change and preserve wildlife, we can maintain biodiversity, especially among Megafauna, for much longer. The only question is, can we change? ``` Wikipedia contributors. "Quaternary extinction event." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 20 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. Kurtén, B. and E. Anderson (1980). Pleistocene Mammals of North America. Columbia University Press. pp. 236–237. ISBN 0231037333. Wikipedia contributors. "Bison latifrons." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 13 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. Wikipedia contributors. "Doedicurus." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 16 Jun. 2011. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. Wikipedia contributors. "Megatherium." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 10 Oct. 2011. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. Wikipedia contributors. "Diprotodon." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 26 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. Turvey S. T., Fritz S. A. 2011 The ghosts of mammals past: biological and geographical patterns of global mammalian extinction across the Holocene. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 366, 2564–2576. Sally M. Walker (1999). Manatees. Lerner Publications. Victor B. Scheffer (November 1972). "The Weight of the Steller Sea Cow". Journal of Mammalogy 53 Hofrieter, Michael., Shapiro, Beth., et al. 2011. Species-specific responses of Late Quaternary megafauna to climate and humans. Nature 479, 359–364 (17 November 2011) Johnson, Chris. Australia's Mammal Extinctions: A 50,000 year history. 1st ed. Caimbridge: Caimbridge University Press, 2006. Print. Hunter, Christine M., Hal Caswell, Michael C. Runge, Eric V. Regehr, Steve C. Amstrup, and Ian Stirling. 2010. Climate change threatens polar bear populations: a stochastic demographic analysis. Ecology 91:2883–2897