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 Learning vs. Acquisition: What Matters More? 1. Learning (Conscious Knowledge):Rules, grammar, and vocabulary studied deliberately.Example: Memorizing verb conjugations from a textbook.2. Acquisition (Subconscious Knowledge):Internalized language you use without thinking (like your native tongue).Example: Speaking fluently in conversations.Science says: Focus on acquisition—it's how we naturally master languages.How Acquisition WorksComes from understanding messages in context.Requires comprehensible input (language slightly above your level but mostly understandable).Why Apps Often Fail?Most apps teach through:Repetition without real-world application.Translation-based drills (inefficient).Better alternatives:Online teachers who speak only the target language (no translation).Tools like Pimsleur that prompt direct responses in the language.The Baby Method: Learn Like a Native SpeakerChildren acquire language by:Listening to slow, clear speech paired with visual context (e.g., pointing to an apple while saying "apple").Focusing on meaning—not grammar rules.Absorbing stories and real-world interactions.Key Insight:Grammar is acquired subconsciously through exposure, not memorization.Example: You learned English grammar by reading books, not studying textbooks.Grammar: Stop "Learning" ItProblem: Explicit grammar study doesn't lead to fluency.Students forget rules when speaking.Mistakes persist because the brain prioritizes meaning over correctness.Solution:Get comprehensible input (95% understandable content).Grammar sticks automatically when you focus on messages, not rules.Vocabulary: Ditch FlashcardsWords are acquired:Incidentally: Through reading/listening to engaging content.Incrementally: By inferring meaning from context.Example:Read a sentence with 1–2 unknown words.Guess the meaning from context or ask for clarification.Result: Vocabulary enters your subconscious effortlessly.Actionable Steps to FluencyPrioritize input over output: Listen/read before speaking.Choose compelling content (interesting podcasts, books, shows).Seek "i+1" input (slightly challenging but mostly comprehensible).Avoid translation—think directly in the target language.Embrace mistakes—they're part of acquisition.Key TakeawaysAcquisition > Learning: Fluency comes from understanding, not memorization.Babies are the model: Focus on meaning, not rules.Input matters most: Engage with content you mostly understand.Patience pays off: Grammar and vocabulary emerge naturally.Final Tip: Spend 80% of your time on comprehensible input (reading/listening) and 20% on speaking/writing.Why This WorksBacked by Stephen Krashen's Input Hypothesis (language acquisition theory).Mimics how humans naturally learn first languages.Proven by polyglots and immersion-based programs.My Video: How to REALLY Learn Languages https://youtu.be/R_w4YfMkCPgMy Audio: https://divinesuccess.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/Podcast4/How-to-REALLY-Learn-Languages.mp3

 Reading consists of two phases: consumption and digestion.To retain and use knowledge, you must properly digest what you consume.Memorizing everything you read shouldn't be the goal—understanding should.We remember the essence of a book so we can apply, analyze, evaluate, and even create something new.Not all information is equal.Poor learning methods make remembering:HarderMore time-consumingLess effectiveThe PACER Method: Categorize & Digest InformationWe process information into 5 categories (PACER) to store it in long-term memory.Our memory operates in three layers:Sensory memory (fleeting impressions) → Forgotten quickly.Short-term memory (words, names, numbers) → Limited storage.Long-term memory (concepts, meaning) → Retained through understanding.1. P – Procedural InformationWhat it is: Step-by-step instructions (e.g., coding, languages, photography).How to learn: Practice immediately.Learning without doing is pointless. Example: You can't learn photography just by reading—you must take photos.Key insight:90% of consumed info is forgotten.Digestion > Consumption. Focus on quality (deep processing) over quantity (mindless reading).2. A – Analogous InformationWhat it is: Knowledge connected to prior understanding (e.g., "leading lines" in landscape photography).How to learn: Critique & contextualize.Ask: When does this apply? When doesn't it?Example: "Leading lines" work for paths/streams but not for forests/lakes.Why it sticks: Your brain anchors new info to existing knowledge.3. C – Conceptual InformationWhat it is: Theories, facts, and systems (e.g., engineering principles).How to learn: Mapping (connecting ideas across domains).Example: An automation engineer studies medicine, satellites, and robotics to design an artificial heart.Key mindset:Beginners may feel overwhelmed, but expertise grows through applied learning.Always ask: How can I use this? Useless knowledge fades fast.4. E – Evidence InformationWhat it is: Proof that supports conceptual claims (e.g., accident reports validating traffic rules).How to learn: Store & rehearse.Store: Write it down (e.g., "Didn't stop at red light → collision").Rehearse: Ask:How do I apply this? (Stop at red lights.)What concept does this reinforce? (Traffic safety.)Why does this matter? (Prevent accidents.)5. R – Reference InformationWhat it is: Specific, unchanging details (e.g., mathematical constants, medical terms).How to learn: Store & drill.Store: Take notes.Rehearse: Use flashcards for recall.Key TakeawaysBalance consumption and digestion. Fewer concepts deeply understood > volumes skimmed.Not all knowledge is equal. Prioritize what's actionable.PACER organizes learning:Procedural → PracticeAnalogous → CritiqueConceptual → MapEvidence → Store & RehearseReference → DrillWhat stays in your brain matters more than what goes in.My Video:  How to Remember Everything You Read  https://youtu.be/LimAVySDrfQMy Audio: https://divinesuccess.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/Podcast4/How-to-Remember-Everything-You-Read.mp3

Have you ever noticed that your sense of time feels strangely elastic—sometimes minutes drag on endlessly, and other times hours vanish in a blink? If you have ADHD, this experience likely resonates deeply. This phenomenon, often called "time blindness," significantly impacts everyday life, from managing tasks and deadlines to social interactions and self-care routines.But why exactly is this such a persistent challenge for people with ADHD? Let's delve into the neuroscience behind time perception, understand why this struggle is more pronounced for ADHDers, and explore evidence-backed strategies and tools to help navigate daily life more effectively.⏰Understanding Time Blindness In ADHD brains, several neural networks responsible for tracking and managing time are impacted, including the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. These areas are essential for precise time estimation, maintaining attention, and executing planned actions. Neuroimaging studies have shown reduced activity in these regions among individuals with ADHD, leading to significant impairments in accurately perceiving and managing time.Dopamine dysregulation also profoundly impacts time perception. Dopamine is critical for sustaining attention, regulating motivation, and anticipating rewards. In ADHD, irregular dopamine signaling leads the brain to rely excessively on external stimulation to perceive the passing of time, causing difficulties in maintaining an internal sense of timing.

A collocation is a combination of words that are commonly used together in a natural way by native speakers of a language. These word pairings sound "right" to native speakers because they occur frequently in everyday language.Pay tribute – To honor or show respect to someone or something.Example: The president paid tribute to the fallen soldiers.Bear responsibility – To accept or take on accountability for something.Example: He bore responsibility for the project's failure.Run a risk – To expose oneself to the possibility of danger or loss.Example: You run a risk of injury if you don't warm up before exercising.Podcast Website: http://atozenglishpodcast.comSocial Media:WeChat: atozenglishpodcastFacebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/671098974684413/Tik Tok: @atozenglish1Instagram: @atozenglish22Twitter: @atozenglish22A to Z Facebook Page:https://www.facebook.com/theatozenglishpodcastCheck out our You Tube Channel:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCds7JR-5dbarBfas4Ve4h8ABecome a member of Podchaser and leave a positive review!https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/the-a-to-z-english-podcast-4779670Join our Whatsapp group: https://forms.gle/zKCS8y1t9jwv2KTn7Intro/Outro Music: Debora by Jangwahttps://freemusicarchive.org/music/Dilating_Times/single/debora/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/the-a-to-z-english-podcast/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Welcome to Sridhar's newsletter & Podcast (Click Play button for Audio version of the Post). Appreciate you being here, so we can connect weekly on interesting topics. Add your email id here to get this directly to your inbox.Do subscribe over Apple Or Spotify Or YouTube podcast (Minimalist techie Or on Spotify Or on YouTube) or hear it over email you received through my subscription or on my website.Yeah, from now show is now available on YouTube too.https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxIqoUW9YsuGBvpV-xP5uLgThis weekly newsletter is mostly about the article, books, videos etc. I read or watch or my views on different topics which revolves around my head during the week. Lets dive into todays topic. Decoding the H1-B Visa Journey: What You Need to Know Before Moving to the U.S.1. Introduction* Today's episode is a reality check for IT professionals, especially from India, who are considering moving to the U.S. on an H1-B visa.* We'll discuss the challenges, misconceptions, financial struggles, and career growth aspects of working in the U.S. on an H1-B visa.* The aim is to provide you with clarity and help you avoid common mistakes made by professionals who moved to the U.S. without sufficient planning.* Let's break it all down.2. The Recent Trend: H1-B Visa Moves (2022–2024)* Over the last few years, especially from 2022 to 2024, there's been a surge in Indian IT professionals coming to the U.S. on H1-B visas.* Many are making this move without doing proper research or understanding what the move entails.* Common outcomes:* Struggling with low wages that don't match the high cost of living.* Living paycheck to paycheck, especially for families.* Returning to India after failing to find jobs or financial stability.* This trend has been accelerating since 2016 as job markets have tightened and companies have introduced restrictions on hiring H1-B professionals.3. What is the H1-B Visa and What it's not* Let's start with the basics: The H1-B visa is a temporary non-immigrant work visa.* It allows U.S. employers to hire foreign professionals in specialty occupations like IT, engineering, finance, etc.* It's crucial to understand that:* The H1-B visa is not a path to permanent residency or citizenship.* Extensions like PERM, I-140, or green card applications are employer-dependent and do not guarantee a permanent stay in the U.S.* The primary purpose of the H1-B visa is to fulfill specific job roles for a fixed period.Mindset Shift:* The H1-B visa is a means to gain international work experience, niche skills, and exposure to a new market—not a guaranteed way to settle abroad.* Always treat it as a temporary work opportunity.4. The Temporary Nature of the H1-B Visa* The H1-B visa is initially granted for three years and can be extended for another three years. Beyond this, extensions require green card sponsorship or other legal pathways.* If your employment ends, you have only 60 days to find another job or leave the country.* It's critical to have a clear plan:* What will you do if your project ends or you lose your job?* Are you prepared to return to India or transition to another opportunity?* Mindset: The mindset you need to adopt: Treat the H1-B visa as a short-term opportunity to gain work experience, niche skills, and exposure to direct client interaction.* Plan for the possibility of returning to your home country once your work is complete or the visa duration ends. Come to the U.S. knowing that your stay may be limited and your focus should be on career growth during this time.5. Factors to Consider Before Moving to the U.S.* Before deciding to move to the U.S. on an H1-B visa, ask yourself these key questions:* What are your goals? Are you seeking international work exposure, higher earnings, or career advancement?* Are you prepared for the challenges, including financial constraints, cultural adjustments, and uncertainties?* How does this move fit into your long-term career plan?* Make a checklist of factors to evaluate:* Skills: Do you have in-demand skills for the U.S. job market?* Financial Readiness: Are you prepared to manage high living costs with the offered salary?* Family Considerations: Are you moving alone or with dependents? How will this impact your finances and lifestyle?* Reflect on how this move will help you grow in your career—both professionally and financially.6. Financial Realities: LCA Salaries and the Cost of Living in the U.S.* Many Indian employers sponsor H1-B visas but pay the minimum required LCA (Labor Condition Application) salary.* LCA salaries are often insufficient to cover the high cost of living in major U.S. cities.* Example: An $85,000 salary in Virginia might seem attractive, but with rents, healthcare, groceries, and other expenses, it's difficult to support a family.* Some counties in Virginia estimate the average household income required for a decent living is $153,000.* Housing Crisis: The U.S. has been experiencing a housing crisis, with skyrocketing rents and home prices.* Inflation Impact: Post-COVID, inflation has increased costs for essentials like groceries, cars, and healthcare.* Many families who moved to the U.S. in 2022–2024 are now struggling financially due to these factors.Personal Finance Tip:* Keep housing expenses at 30–40% of your income. If rents exceed this percentage, you may struggle to save.* For families with a single income, surviving on LCA salaries often leads to financial stress and limited savings.7. When is it Feasible to Move on an H1-B Visa?* Moving on an H1-B visa can still be feasible in certain scenarios:* If you're young, single, and looking for career growth.* If you're financially disciplined and aim to save aggressively—your savings potential in the U.S. could be 5x compared to India (varies by experience and lifestyle).* If your primary goal is to gain career skills and save aggressively.* Or your employer pay offer is meeting with median household income of a county where your job is. However, for families or those on LCA salaries, the financial strain can be significant.8. Basics of Personal Finance for H1-B Professionals* Let's break down some basic financial considerations:* If you're earning $80,000 annually, your rent should ideally be 30% of your income (~$2,000/month). Due to rising costs, it's often closer to 40%.* In major tech hubs, rents can exceed $2,400/month, leaving little room for savings or discretionary spending.* This financial imbalance is why many families on LCA salaries are living paycheck to paycheck or even returning to India.* Plan your finances carefully to avoid falling into this trap.9. Home Buying on an H1-B Visa: A Risky Decision* Many H1-B professionals consider buying a home in the U.S., but this comes with risks:* The H1-B visa is temporary—if you lose your job, you must leave the U.S. within 60 days.* Treat home buying as an investment, not a long-term settlement plan.* Don't fall into the “keeping up with the Joneses” mentality or FOMO (fear of missing out).* Renting vs. buying is a personal decision, but weigh the risks carefully.10. Tightening Job Market and H1-B Exclusions* Post-2016, many job descriptions now explicitly state they're not open to H1-B candidates.* Companies are increasingly stating job is not open for Visa Sponsorships or H1-B due to immigration law frequent changes. Many job descriptions explicitly state they are not open to H1-B visa holders.Example: You will see a lot of job emails as below, means its tighter to find job open for H1-B visa.Position: Datawarehouse engineerDuration: 12 MonthsRate: W2 or 1099Visa: USC/GC/H4-EAD* The tech job market has become incredibly competitive, and international professionals face additional barriers.* This makes it essential to have niche, in-demand skills to compete in the job market.11. Don't Hold Onto Stagnant Jobs* A common mistake H1-B professionals make is staying in the same job or skill set for years, just to maintain visa status.* The work you're doing may become outdated, making it harder to find a new job if you lose your current one.* Key Tip: Upskill regularly to stay relevant in the job market. Learn new technologies, pursue certifications, and adapt to industry trends.12. Switching Employers on an H1-B Visa* H1-B visa holders can change employers, but the process is complex.* Before making the move, assess the U.S. job market carefully.* If you find a job that aligns with your career growth and offers the right wages, go for it.* The U.S. tech market is still a valuable experience, but preparation is key.13. Key Advice for Aspiring H1-B Professionals* If you're considering moving abroad on an H1-B visa, here's my advice:* Do thorough research on work culture, wages, job market conditions, and cost of living.* Discuss the move with your family and plan every detail—don't rely on assumptions or outdated narratives.* Understand that this move is temporary and treat it as a career-growth opportunity rather than a permanent settlement plan.14. Closing Thoughts* Moving to the U.S. on an H1-B visa can be a valuable experience, but it requires careful planning and realistic expectations.* Many challenges can be avoided by understanding the financial, professional, and cultural aspects of the move.* The goal is to help you make an informed decision and avoid the struggles that many professionals have faced in recent years.That is all for this week. See you again.Do let me know in comments or reply me over email to share what is your view on this post. So, Share, Like, subscribe whatever these days' kids say :-)Stay Connected, Share Ideas, Spread Happiness. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit sridhargarikipati.substack.com

Go to www.LearningLeader.com for full show notes The Learning Leader Show With Ryan Hawk Notes: Mo Bunnell is the author of Give to Grow, The Snowball System, and the founder of Bunnell Idea Group (BIG), who has trained tens of thousands of seller experts at over 400 clients all over the world. I wake up every morning looking to help my friends succeed, and some just happen to be clients.  — Proactively thinking of ways to add value to others is a great way to build a meaningful life. Our brains think literally. Relationships grow exponentially. Give consistently to grow relationships. Celebrate incremental progress. Mo writes in a journal the growth of himself, his business, and his customers. We all should be better at celebrating incremental progress. Teresa Amabile's research shows that this leads to a more enjoyable life. August 4, 1984, was a meaningful day for his family. (Dad's alcoholism. That was the day of his last drink) The difference between doing the work versus winning the work Example: You win the work by asking lots of questions. You do the work giving answers. Every successful career hinges on two things: Doing The Work and Winning The Work. Both delivering value on the current work and developing the relationships that create future opportunities are vital for long-term success. Whether you're in a new role or want new outcomes, the most powerful results come from prioritizing both Doing The Work and Winning The Work. Ask questions – Mo shares 50+ questions to ask. Ask self-disclosure questions. Those are questions that only that person can answer. Fall in love with the problem. Pronoia – The world is out to help you succeed. People can live in 1 of 3 ways. Drift - Stay busy. Answer emails.  Driven - Hyper emphasis on one thing at the detriment of others (triathlon guy) By Design - Write down where you want to be and make a plan to do it. On purpose. Delayed gratification: Weekly planning process Offer 3 proactive change agent ideas Mo is in 5 masterminds Shawn Blanc in Breckenridge. Net givers. MASHUP - His house. Help others. Ask for help. Elite Adventure athletes GivetoGrow.Info MASHUP! Mastermind of Awesome Super Human Unreal People

IntroductionWelcome to Think Thursday on the Alcohol Minimalist Podcast.Focus: Using neuroscience and mindset to understand behavior and create change.Preview of today's topic: Behaviorceuticals—how behaviors act as medicine for the brain.Segment 1: The Power of Action vs. InertiaDiscusses a powerful quote from Elizabeth Benton (Chasing Cupcakes): "Action is the antidote to inertia. It's not just thinking; it's doing that drives results."Importance of shifting from "sensing" the problem to actively solving it.Connection to mindful drinking: Are you practicing drinking less or only thinking about it?Segment 2: Introduction to BehaviorceuticalsDefinition: Behaviors that act like medicine for the brain, improving its health and function.Neuroscience underpinning: Engaging in new, challenging, or rewarding activities reshapes the brain (neuroplasticity).Benefits for habit change: Creates positive emotional momentum.Helps develop healthier alternatives to drinking.Segment 3: Learning from Driving RatsHighlight of a quirky neuroscience study from the University of Richmond: Rats trained to drive tiny cars for food rewards (Froot Loops!).Results: Reduced stress and increased dopamine (feel-good chemical).Key takeaway: Learning new skills reduces stress and builds resilience.Segment 4: Applications to Mindful DrinkingHow to use behaviorceuticals to reduce drinking: Replace drinking habits with activities that stimulate and reward the brain.Suggestions: Learn a new skill, rekindle an old hobby, or try something unfamiliar.Emphasis on progress over perfection.Segment 5: The Role of MindfulnessDiscusses how engaging in purposeful activities keeps you present, reducing mindless behaviors like drinking.Example: You can't autopilot through driving a tiny car—or mastering a new habit.Conclusion and Weekly ChallengeChallenge: Identify one action to take this week that could serve as a “behaviorceutical.” Suggestions: Trying something creative, solving a puzzle, or engaging in physical activity.Reminder: Action rewires the brain, creating lasting change.Closing thought: Focus on progress, not perfection.Subscribe to the Alcohol Minimalist Podcast for more insights on mindful drinking.Join our Facebook group for additional support: Alcohol Minimalists: Change Your Alcohol Habits.Explore resources and courses at mollywatts.com. ★ Support this podcast ★

Send us a textReThink Podcast Digital MarketplaceReThink WebsiteYoutube Channel31 Days to New Beginnings (Online Course)Why is 'Make Your Desire Greater than Your Resistance' Important?Many people have big dreams but struggle to make them happen because they let resistance—whether it's fear, procrastination, or limiting beliefs—hold them back. Let's talk about the top 5 problems that arise when people don't make their desire strong enough to break through resistance:Lack of Motivation: When resistance becomes stronger than your desire, it's easy to lose the motivation to keep going. Example: You set a goal to get fit, but you keep putting off going to the gym because the desire to be healthy isn't stronger than the comfort of staying on the couch.Procrastination: Without a clear, strong desire driving you forward, procrastination takes over, leaving goals unachieved. Example: You want to start a business, but you keep delaying taking the first steps because the fear of failure overpowers your desire for success Self-Doubt: When resistance like fear or self-doubt sets in, people begin to question if their goals are even possible, often leading to giving up entirely. Example: You start writing a book, but then you stop halfway, thinking you're not a good enough writer to finish it.Fear of Failure: If the desire isn't greater than the fear, the fear wins, causing people to avoid taking risks. Example: You dream of public speaking but avoid every opportunity because you're afraid of embarrassing yourself.Inconsistent Effort: Without a strong desire, it's hard to put in consistent effort, leading to slow or no progress. Example: You start practicing meditation, but you skip days because the short-term discomfort feels bigger than your desire for long-term peace.Top 3 Solutions to Overcome Resistance:Now, how can we make sure that our desire is stronger than our resistance? Here are three solutions that can help you move past your obstacles:Clarify Your "Why": Understanding the deep reason behind your goal makes it easier to keep going, even when resistance arises. When your “why” is powerful, resistance feels small in comparison. Example: If your goal is to run a marathon, focus on why you're doing it. Maybe it's for your health, or to prove to yourself that you can accomplish something big.Break Goals into Small Steps: Resistance can feel overwhelming if you focus on the entire journey. Breaking it into small, manageable steps makes it easier to push through each day. Example: If you're writing a book, don't focus on finishing the entire manuscript. Focus on writing one page a day. Small victories build momentum.Visualize the Outcome: Spend time daSupport the Podcast: https://www.buzzsprout.com/1590358/support Closing of ReThinkBuzzsprout - Let's get your podcast launched! Start for FREESupport the show

What's important about this topic what it means to us, to me, to you.   I may think someone is settling, but if they are happy it really doesn't matter what I think.   The question is whether we are settling for a life less happy and prosperous (to us) than what we truly want, and are capable of creating… therein lies the tragedy in settling!   How to know if we're settling, and why we are doing so…   If you are unhappy about any area of your life, and you do nothing about it, you are settling!   Example: You rent where you live and your landlord is a pain in the toe, and you hate living there, but you've not ever even looked to see if you can buy your own place… you are settling for mediocrity and you are contributing to your own unnecessary suffering! A solution could be applying to get preapproved and look for a place within your price range, right NOW, so that you never have to deal with a landlord again!   Whatever you're settling for (you're unhappy about it), start working on improving it. Even if it takes your whole life to journey to it… in fact, pursuing an ideal is part of the joy we experience as humans.   It's okay if it takes forever… that's normal!   When we continuously strive to improve ourselves and our life, the joy is in fact in the journey and there is no end to what we can go after (think gardeners... They never stop gardening).   It is my belief that when we are unhappy in life, or blame others for our own misery, it's because we are not pursuing a worthy ideal(s), big or small.   An ideal doesn't have to be big, I can be anything that fills your heart with joy!   Putting up with anything that robs you of a joyful life is monumental… could be a matter of life and death! Being unhappy can actually make you sick… our bodies thrive when we are happy and at peace.   Pursue happiness and peace in your life, always! Starting right now, start by focusing on and loving all the good you already have and then add to that, and never stop!    Related podcast Episodes: EP 105: BE TOO BUSY TO BE UNHAPPY ⁠https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ep-105-be-too-busy-to-be-unhappy/id1597656935?i=1000636755131⁠   EP 119: LOVE YOUR LIFE RIGHT NOW ⁠https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ep-119-love-your-life-right-now/id1597656935?i=1000648101508⁠   IMPORTANT: If you are in an abusive relationship and you don't feel safe, call the National Domestic Violence Hotline! National Domestic Violence Hotline Hours: 24/7. Languages: English, Spanish and 200+ through interpretation service  800-799-7233 OR text START to 88788 ⁠⁠Learn more⁠⁠   Let's connect on social media! INSTAGRAM: @women.rising.together ⁠⁠https://www.instagram.com/women.rising.together/⁠⁠ PRIVATE & FREE FACEBOOK COMMUNITY: WomenRisingTogether2021 (link below) ⁠⁠Women Rising Together | Facebook⁠⁠ --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/addie970/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/addie970/support

In this English lesson, you will learn English on Copacabana Beach and at a hotel on that very famous beach. WANT PRIVATE LIVE CHATS AND BONUS ENGLISH? https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCakDTg9dhhAsr3WmHyJDa-g/join

Ever wondered why sometimes our bodies react differently to injuries or infections?

We welcome Katelyn back from the 2023 Women's World Cup in New Zealand. In this episode we compare lump-sum investing vs dollar cost averaging. Let's first define both.Dollar-cost averaging is continuously investing the same amount of money in a security over time, regardless of fluctuating prices.                  Lump sum investing is investing the full amount all at once. Example- You are left $12,000 from your Grandparent on January 10th. On January 12th, you invest the full $12,000 in a Total Stock Market index fund. That would be Lump sum investing.You are left $12,000 from your Grandparent on January 10th. On the 12th of every month you invest the $1000 in a Total Stock Market index fund. You do that every month for 12 months in a row. That would be Dollar Cost Averaging. Which performs better in the long run? The lump-sum investor who invested the money immediately was the winner. Schwab analyzed 76 rolling 20-year periods dating back to 1926—for example, 1926 to 1945, 1927 to 1946, and so on. In 66 of the 76 periods, the results were the same.The takeaway here is don't procrastinate. Realistically, the best action long-term investors can take is to determine how much exposure to the stock market is appropriate for their goals and risk tolerance and then consider investing as soon as possible. The best time to start was yesterday. The next best time is today. LUMP SUM INVESTING beats Dollar Cost Averaging 68% of the time. DOLLAR COST AVERAGING beats Cash 69% of the time.  LUMP SUM INVESTING beats Cash 70 % of the time.  What if You Only Invested at Market Peaks? I link to a great article about what if you only invested at the height of the market-the worst time. Guy invests $2000 a year during 1970's, $4000 a year during the 1980's, $6000 a year during the 1990's, $8000 a year during the 2000's . He retires in 2013 with 1.1 million dollars. Why? He never sold.  ⁠https://awealthofcommonsense.com/2014/02/worlds-worst-market-timer/

You say all the right things as a single mom but deep deep down you don't always mean it. Example: You tell your kids you have no problem with their dad & his girlfriend but the second they aren't looking your non verbal says otherwise. Or you tell your kids you are happy that they love to go over to see their dad and his girlfriend- but deep down you don't love it one bit. Genuine Forgiveness is the true and total release of the hurt, resentment & anger. It means you have faced your feelings, worked through them and healed in order to no longer have your heart burdened with those feelings. Genuine Forgiveness is a gift you give yourself.

When we feel uncertain, we are dealing with not knowing what is coming next. We are sometimes anxious about the future we don't know & what could happen that we aren't prepared for.Life is so much easier to live when we know what is coming next. When we know what to expect and we can prepare for it, even if it's bad.Our brains are often looking for patterns and predictability, so when something is uncertain, it's much harder for the brain to understand what's happening, with this expectation that we SHOULD know, which can also manifest into anxiety. And when things are uncertain, it can also throw your brain into assessing whether there is a possibility of a threat or risk we need to prepare. It's the ambiguity that presses us to feel threatened and to get so fixated on turning that uncertainty into certainty.The best piece of advice for dealing with uncertainty is to develop a tolerance for it. You have to continue to endure it, with a mindset that knows that is what needs to happen, and it will become more tolerable over time. And maybe that is the only tip you needed for handling uncertainty. You're welcome! LOL! But I will be sharing 5 specific tips on how to better handle uncertainty that is all part of developing that tolerance you need to no longer allow uncertainty to be a big problem in your life.Here are the 5 tips I have for you to get a better handle on uncertainty:Accept Uncertainty as Normal & Expected Uncertainty is a part of life that we CANNOT get away from. It will ALWAYS be there & we need to accept that. Honestly, acceptance is always the first step in learning o deal with most things and it's because we have to be on board with that thing being a reality in life before we take any heavy actions towards dealing with it.Understand the Difference Between Known Unknowns & Unknown Unknowns Known Unknowns are things you KNOW will happen, but not exactly sure how it will come about. Example: You KNOW it's going to rain today, but you're unsure of WHEN it's going to rain & whether or not you will experience it.Unknown Unknowns are things you REALLY don't know & will have to trust will work out. Example: You invest money into something, hoping it will pay off for you later, but there is no way to know it ACTUALLY will. You are going into it with blind faith.Develop Coping Mechanisms to Combat Being Overly Emotional Uncertainty can be emotionally challenging for us because it's such a huge loss of control. Dealing with uncertainty without control over your emotions can also trigger fear, frustration & sometimes anger because you feel so out of control.Good options for Coping Mechanisms: Mindfulness, positive self-talk, spending more time problem-solving instead of worrying, practicing gratitude and leaning on your support people.Focus On What You Can Control Put all your energy into what you CAN actually control, instead of wasting time on things you can do nothing about.Come Up With a Few Alternate Plans  You can foster your own comfort & calmness by knowing you have other options to go with.Support the showWatch the Video Version of RPG: https://www.youtube.com/@realpositivegirl/podcastsBuy the Planner on AMAZON!: https://amzn.to/3WwthT2Visit me on Instagram or TikTok: @sabrinajoyperozzoTwitter: @realsabrinajoyEmail Me: realpositivegirlpodcast@gmail.com Sign up for my weekly newsletter https://www.sabrinajoy.com/newsletterCashApp Show Donations: $sabrinaperozzo

Retail Arbitrage Basics, Buying in stores to sell on Amazon, Amazon Selling 101, Sell on Amazon Retail Arbitrage is a great way to expand your Amazon FBA / eBay / Mercari / Shopify / Facebook marketplace business by procuring inventory and grow your replenishable items at stores near you. Retail Arbitrage is a great way for new sellers to get started since you can source for inventory for the various platforms immediately. Retail Arbitrage Stores to Explore Walmart Target Kohl's Macys JCPenney Walgreens CVS Rite Aid Dick's sporting goods Home Depot Lowes •When I am coaching clients the first thing I tell them after setting up their business is to start with their nearest store and scan every aisle. •The more you scan the more you will learn. THIS IS THE HARD PART! •The top selling categories from my experience are: Grocery, Toys, Health, Beauty, Books/Media and Clothing- in that order •SCAN SCAN SCAN •Basic thresholds to follow when selecting products to sell on Amazon: ROI 30% or greater Rank Read Keepa- we will discuss this later Profit of $5 minimum You should ALWAYS consult Keepa for buying decisions- these are just basic thresholds. NOTE: Your business model may vary. •BSR- Best Seller Rank is shown on items in the Amazon Catalog •Take into consideration if the item has been out of stock, if out of stock the rank will increase. Check Keepa for sales history and rank history •If you would be the only FBA seller then the rank may improve. Also check Keepa for historical data when there were FBA Sellers on the listing. •Seasonal items rank will typically tank after all is sold for the season- learn the history of that ASIN by viewing Keepa or making a buy list from the previous seasonal item's sales. •Once you are acquainted with your brand list start scanning in stores. •Navigate to the clearance in your stores. •Learn the sales cycles of your stores- There are sales cycles for categories within the store like BOGO Vitamins at Walgreens •Go to your local grocery stores and scan items that are in their sales cycles. •When you are scanning do not leave out ANY category. Example: You may not eat gluten free but specialty foods have been a big moneymaker on Amazon since people need that diet but do not have access to it locally. Same goes for any diet food or international foods. •Once you have mastered one store then go to the next closest store near you and do the same. Take note of any clearance days by making relationships with the cashiers and management. •Always as for discounts when buying in bulk- if I plan to spend over $500 at a local store I will create a relationship with management and ask if I could get 15% off if I buy over $500. It sometimes works!!! •Be sure to couple savings. Example: 30% off Kohl's coupon with Kohl's card, $10 Kohl's Cash for every $50 spent. TIP: You can put $1 on your Kohl's card to take advantage of the savings then you can put the remainder balance on a cash back or points back card of your choice. --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/jessica-hill00/support

歡迎留言告訴我們你對這一集的想法： https://open.firstory.me/user/cl81kivnk00dn01wffhwxdg2s/comments 即刻加入15Mins通勤學英語直播室，每週一9pm等你來說英文 : https://15minsengcafe.pse.is/46hm8k 主題: 英語慣用語系列 – 運動相關的慣用語 Sports related idioms 1. To drop the ball – 犯錯了/失誤了 Example: “You dropped the ball when you rejected that job offer.” When you drop the ball, it means you made a stupid mistake or forgot something really important. In some situations, it also means you have given up before reaching your goal…which is definitely a mistake! 2. To give your best shot- 做出最好 Example: “Give this audition your best shot – you won't regret it!” Sometimes we feel insecure and worried, but we want something so much that we still decide to go after it. It could be a job interview, an audition, getting a date or moving abroad. In those situations, we must “give our best shot” – this means trying your best. 3. To be out of (someone's) league- 高攀不上 Example: “She will never want to date me, look at her! She's out of my league.” When somebody is out of your league, it means they are much better or more successful than you are. 4. To stay ahead of the game- 保持領先 Example: “The deadline for the report is tomorrow, but I want to be ahead of the game, so I finished it yesterday.” A smart way to be professional is to be prepared. Sometimes we have to predict what our competitors will do and know what their next move is going to be. 5. To throw in the towel- 放棄/投降 Example: “Are you going to throw in the towel just because your boss fired you? You can't! Get up and look for a new job!” Have you ever felt like giving up on something that felt very important to you? Maybe you were tired, exhausted, frustrated. If your answer is yes, it means you have wanted to “throw in the towel”. 練習時間: 請使用二到三個慣用語來分享自身小故事 Please think of two to three scenarios where you can use sports related idioms or share a story. Powered by Firstory Hosting

歡迎留言告訴我你對這一集的想法： https://open.firstory.me/user/cl81kivnk00dn01wffhwxdg2s/comments 即刻加入15Mins通勤學英語直播室，每週一9pm等你來說英文 : https://15minsengcafe.pse.is/46hm8k 主題: 英語慣用語系列 – 死亡相關慣用語 Death related Idioms 1. A brush with death 與死神擦肩而過 If someone has a brush with death, they survived a situation where they could have died. Example: Paulo had a brush with death when he drove his car off the road. 2. One foot in the grave 一隻腳在墳墓裡 A less formal way to say that someone's close to death is to say that they have one foot in the grave. Example: I wasn't really surprised to hear that our neighbour had passed away; he'd had one foot in the grave for years. 3. Six Feet Under 六尺以下 It is customary to bury a coffin six feet in the ground. So when we say someone is six feet under, it means he/she is dead and buried. Example: Even though Michael Jackson is six feet under, his recordings are still making money. 4. Kick the bucket 翹辮子 From the people standing on buckets to commit suicide – the moment of death. Example: Sam achieved his goal of climbing Mount Everest before he kicked the bucket. 5. On your last legs 奄奄一息 Someone or something that is on its/their last legs is close to dying or failing to work. Example: I thought Granddad was on his last legs but he seems determined to stick around for a while!” 6. Over My Dead Body 除非我死了 It shows resistance in doing/ allowing to do something - under no circumstances. Example: You're only 17! You'll go to that party over my dead body! 練習時間: 請使用二到三個慣用語來分享自身小故事 Use two to three idioms to share a personal story about death. Powered by Firstory Hosting

When it comes to making purchases, we are often faced with a conflict between our emotional and logical sides. How we balance these two competing forces can determine our success or failure when it comes to spending. I had my wallet out, ready to spend almost $1500, and today I share how I identified my emotional and logical sides in the conflict and used logic to save my money for something better. My Video Progression I started with a Logitech C920 and upgraded to the Elgato Facecam. The Facecam had a better picture and NO MICROPHONE (so no accidental recordings using the camera microphone). I later I upgraded to the Sony VZ-1. Why? Because YouTube told me that this was THE best camera for the new YouTuber/Content creator. Also, it had a button that MADE THE BACKGROUND BLURRY. I'm not making that up. With the press of ONE button, the background would be BLURRY. OMG! So I had to get it even though it was $900. I bought it on a payment plan but avoided paying any interest.  A little over a year the Sony ZV-10 came out, and not only did it have the one-button blurry mode, but you could also CHANGE LENSES. Again, YouTube erupted, letting me know that THIS, yes, THIS was THE camera.  I was THIS CLOSE to buying this camera, and then I saw another video because as I could switch lenses, I had to figure out what was the best lens. The one lens that made the Youtube host just look dreamy cost $400.  Wait, does that say $400? So $800 for the camera and $400 for the lens is $1200, but the other lens, and this and that.  QUESTION 1: Do I NEED this, or do I WANT THIS? I thought about it. What happens if I didn't buy this camera? Were my videos on YouTube suffering? After all, I've been making videos for years without a blurry background and I have attracted 3000 subscribers. So apparently, you do not NEED a Blurry background.  QUESTION 2: Who does this benefit and how? Does this benefit your or our audience, and if so, how?  Well, as I already had the ability to blur my background, there only perc was the ability to switch lenses.  Have I run into something where I wanted to change lenses and couldn't? No. Then why am I buying it? Is it easier to use? Slightly, but you will still need to unplug and replug in the cable, which frustrates me.  So I'm going to spend $1400 to pay for a feature that I will not need. With that, I put my credit card back in my wallet. BE CAREFUL PAYING FOR FLEXIBLE FEATURES YOU CAN GROW INTO I once signed a year-long contract with Vidyard. Why? Because it had TONS of features that I MIGHT use. After all, I could see how far people watched my video. What was I trying to do? Make video messages I could email to my students and clients.  It turned it this would do it, but I found their interface clunky, and when I found a way to really use it, they wanted me to upgrade.  After my contract was over, I found LOOM, and it does exactly what I need it to do for a FRACTION of the cost. Don't spend money on features you will never use. OTHER ITEMS THAT HELPED I've never had someone tell me, "You have to watch this video; the background is BLURRY."  HAVE YOU FALLEN INTO THE TRAP? Maybe instead of spending so much TIME concentrating on your background, MAYBE we should focus more on what you are saying in the microphone.  WHY PEOPLE UPGRADE MICROPHONES AND VIDEO ITEMS I understand that sometimes we don't feel confident with our voice, but in many cases upgrading from one microphone to another doesn't make that much difference (especially once you get over $100). But I understand that if you would feel more confident behind the microphone if you like your voice, it may be worth the upgrade. Just realize this: Unless your microphone and sound is HORRIBLE, getting a new microphone won't grow your offense. Your content will. Now, if your content is noticeably better because you are more confident, then maybe it's worth the money. CONCLUSION AND BONUS QUESTIONS 1. Is this a WANT or a NEED? 2. Who benefits from this purchase? 3. (bonus) What happens if you don't make this purchase (this helps identify if you need this or want it).  4. Are the features of the product something you WILL put into practice? WHY I AM STILL NOT A FAN OR ANCHOR.FM In the past Anchor.fm would submit your show to Apple, Google, and Sticher "For you" and "Forgot" to mention that you would lose access to stats on those platforms (oops!). I could go on for hours, but why I wanted to bring this up is they don't do this anymore. Does this mean I now recommend them? No.  Why? Well, here are some old and new reasons. 1. They are still free, and MANY free media hosts have gone out of business (some after burning through MILLIONS of dollars). So I don't want to build my show on something that is just using a bad business model. 2. If you upload an mp3 file and use their advertising tools, they change their file to an m4a. This makes no sense as Spotify only uses mp3 files from other hosts. 3. They sometimes leave out details when they announce things.  Example: You can play money in your podcast (that they approve, and only in Spotify, and only in the app, and only to paid users). Example: VIdeos have come to Spotify (that you have to upload via Anchor, that only displays the video on Spotify, and only in the app). Example: According to the Co-creator of How to save the planet (a Gimlet show) said, "Spotify invested zero in building the show's audience, then forced us to go exclusive to Spotify, and then canceled it b/c it didn't build a big enough audience…” she tweeted on Saturday. source Example: Multiple people in an Anchor.fm user group have mentioned that even though Spotify mentions, as soon as you reach a level, you will have sponsors. These people have met the criteria and have no sponsors (one has 275,000 downloads and still has no sponsor). 4. You have to ASK for an RSS feed.  This is like going to a restaurant and having to request food. Shouldn't you have that already? Spotify (who owns Anchor) wants you to stay in their "Walled garden."  When you look at their marketing material or hear any of the presentations that paint themselves as ABSOLUTE NUMBER 1, and they are THE COOL KIDS. When they are #2 to Apple by a LARGE margin, here again, they prey on the uninformed.  The co-founder of Anchor has said that RSS (the technology that Podcasts use and keep it open) is holding Podcasting back - while the actual spec of RSS is being updated AS YOU READ THIS.  PODCASTING FOR FREE MAY BE UNREALISTIC I get that you want to podcast without breaking the bank. I understand that. When you try to do it without spending ANY money, your expectations may be in need of an adjustment.  Ready To Start Your Podcast You may think nobody would listen to you, but I'm here to tell you they will. I have proven strategies to help you identify exactly what your audience wants. You will sound professional and won't have to spend a million dollars to sound great. Learn through our online tutorials, live group coaching and a private Facebook Group filled with brilliant podcasters. Join worry-free with a 30-day money-back guarantee. See schoolofpodcasting.com/listener QUESTION OF THE MONTH This month the question is one I often do in January. What are your top podcasting pet peeve? Those little things that drive you nuts. Leave Your Answer at  www.schoolofpodcasting.com/question Deadline is 1/27/23 Where I Will Be? I look forward to seeing you all; please come up and say hi. To see my full itinerary, go to schoolofpodcasting.com/where FREE CLASSES Want to dip your toe into the podcasting pool? Check out the classes I have available for free at  https://schoolofpodcasting.com/freeclasses MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE New Media Show Gimlet Issues with Spotify Libsyn.com (get a free month using code sopfree) Red Circle Sony ZV-10 Sony VZ-1 Elgato Facecam Elgato Facecam Pro Logitech C920  Loom Video Tool *links may include affiliate links and I may receive compensation for purchasing through these links.

(originally episode 08! rerun for your holiday break enjoyment!) How do we separate a task from our emotions about it? Especially when it comes to our own battles with procrastination? Isabelle is struggling with this and Bobby, her husband, is curious to hear more. David breaks it down like this: let's say the task is running 5 miles in 60 minutes, which sounds very hard to Bobby. Does it matter what you're wearing? What time of day you go? If it's raining or not? There's lots of things we can get caught up in the ‘emotionality': I don't have the right clothes, I don't like the weather, etc. The emotionality is the stuff that we get caught up in that doesn't matter. Our view of how it needs to be done that gets in the way. Can you walk while watching a video, for example. Isabelle tries to break a sweat once a day. But it only counts if she goes to the exercise class she signed up for. Bobby asks: why does a brain with ADHD is likely to procrastinate in the first place and then why do we discount doing it differently? ADHD individual needs a specific amount of stimulation to do a task; not enough or too much, they need to self-medicate. The emotions we use to self-medicate include anger, anxiety or excitement, etc. Medication can give you the stimulation without the anger, anxiety, or excitement. We procrastinate because it boosts the stakes, gives us a threat, so every moment of working on the task is alleviating the stress so there's no delay in gratification, we're instantly rewarded (yay dopamine!) for working on it. If you had worked on it two weeks earlier, you wouldn't feel any different because there was no stress/threat you were relieving, you wouldn't get that feeling of reward. So let's teach people how to procrastinate better, rather than trying to undo it. What if you knew you weren't going to work on the report until Saturday—what could you prep for Saturday, instead of beating yourself up for not working on it until then, if that's the sweet spot of stress/crunch time for you? Your brain needs to experience that threat to feel that relief. A person with ADHD can be an angry, anxious, etc. — I'm going to be a monster when I'm focusing on this, so what can we do to ask for what we need? Is it easier to find a quiet place to be a monster or not become a monster (let's say you get angry when you work yourself up to focus on something)? Bobby and Isabelle share that they would set each other off and both need accommodations in their relationships, but realizing that the meta-awareness of knowing it connects to ADHD and what they need has helped them navigate situations and help get out of each other's way rather than asking that person to magically change. David points out that we're normalizing that folx with ADHD can all become monsters in this sense and that not all monsters are bad—you could be angry/anxious to the max and find ways to create room for that that minimize the hurt and ill effects on those around you. There's lots of relational trauma for people with ADHD and other forms of learning differences. You see everyone sit down and do something one way and you do it differently, your brain tells you it's because you're stupid/not following the rules/not doing it right, etc. Right around between ages 7-11, kids' peers normalize their world rather than their parents. For example, how are relaxation and self care portrayed? As wine and spa time—what if you don't like wine and baths/spas (for example, like Isabelle). David makes the point that everyone else is doing it right, we're just not taking in the input right. Maybe no more boring baths. Something needs to move. What we can do with the optical illusion of snow falling or a shower rain falling. The ADHD brain is meant and designed to procrastinate, but people with ADHD are made to believe their thoughts are naturally wrong. Healing comes from acknowledging this.Does cranberry juice prevent UTI's? Yes (and no).Side note, one thing Isabelle learned on this internet rabbit hole about cranberry juice and UTI's was this: “Cranberry is a term derived from the contraction of “crane berry.” This name is derived from the nickname of the bilberry flower, which, when it withers, is similar in appearance to the head and neck of the sand crane, a bird that often feeds on the berries of this plant.” Who knew? For the full fascinating scientific article about cranberries and UTIs, click here. DAVID'S DEFINITIONS Task: what you're trying to do - the ‘work' of a group or a person.for example: I am finishing my project this weekend. Emotionality: what you do to prepare to do a task - beliefs/fears/assumptions about what you're doingfor example: I'm doing it wrong/right, I always procrastinate, big fear you'll never get it done, dream that someone will come and save you from having to do it, etc. PROCRASTINATION: this is the behavior that occurs in between the assignment of a task, and working on the task. This is waiting to the last minute, or what we do when we don't want to start work. Why do folx with ADHD procrastinate? Waiting for the last minute, or delaying starting can be self medication for someone with ADHD. Excitement, Anxiety, Anger are all feelings that trigger stimulate us (our heart rate increases). Once this happens we remove any delay in reinforcement, as all acts towards work completion reduce that feeling/stimulation. It can also really increase the feeling of winning, if deadlines are met.What do you mean by 'monster'?We all have a monster part. Our monster is the part of us that comes out when something changes in a way we don't like or we don't get our way; in other words, it is our extinction burst (see below). The trick is to not pretend it doesn't happen or somehow shame it away, but instead make space for it—even plan on it showing up—and reduce the impact on innocent others. Example: You really don't want to write a paper, but you have to. As you work through the heightened stimulation you need to switch from prep work to actually working on it, your behavior is changing and you don't like it (it's so hard when you're not getting the thrill of something novel, or that you enjoy, and really with procrastination you're just getting the relief of a stressor being reduced). SO, you may turn into a ‘monster,' — get irritated, annoyed, angry at anyone near you for getting in the way as you settle in to sit down to write it—which is ALSO giving you dopamine because emotions like anger, anxiety and excitement stimulate us (by way of building adrenaline, which ends up leading to more dopamine, among other things). Suddenly you have what you need to switch from prep to work, but—if you know this is how you work sometimes, you could let the people around you know/get out of dodge/have them be in other rooms, for example, so you're not inadvertently getting angry/anxious AT them (it'll happen regardless)—and that way you won't get the double reinforcement that you're some monster all the time ;).Extinction burst: Connected to behavioral theory, when you're no longer getting the reinforcement you want, your behavior dramatically increases in frequency, duration, and intensity as you seek to get that reinforcement. It's only when your behavior is not reinforced that you change. Example: You are normally reinforced in a way you enjoy by hitting the power button on your remote (behavior) and having your tv turn on (reinforcement). But one day you hit the power button and nothing happens. Most of us respond by an extinction burst: we hit the button again and again, we change the angle at which we hold the remote, we may hit the button harder (all of this is more frequent, lasts longer, and is more intense that what you usually do to turn on your tv)—and it isn't until the tv persists in staying off that you get up and get new batteries for the remote (your behavior changes).Technical support by: Bobby RichardsCover art by: Sol Vázquez--------

Today we continue talking about money in English. You will learn new expressions, and I'll give you some advice on how to save money. And with a fun mini-story, you will improve your English fluency. It's like having a conversation with another person in English. Hi, I'm Georgiana, your English teacher, and my mission is you help you Speak English fluently. And do you know how you can help me? You can share the podcast with your friends and family. That would mean a lot. Thanks:) Before we get started, get the transcript at SpeakEnglishPodcast.com/podcast Ok. Let's start! 1. Money doesn't grow on trees  We use this phrase to warn someone that money is a limited resource and should not be wasted.  Example:  "When I told my five-year-old son that I couldn't buy him a toy because "money doesn't grow on trees," he told me to use my credit card instead." 2. A penny saved is a penny earned  Although many families today live on credit, it is always wise to put some money aside. We use this expression to say that saving money is a good idea.  Example: "You should always put some money aside. My grandma used to say that a penny saved is a penny earned." 3. Flat broke  And if you never save and spend all your money, you become flat broke. Example:  "It's been two years since I lost my job. Now I'm looking for one because I've spent all my money and I'm flat broke. " 4. Live from hand to mouth  This idiom means having only enough money to live on, not having money to spare or save any money. Example:  "I have bad news. I'm afraid we will have to live from hand to mouth until the end of the year. " 5. Save for a rainy day  I said before that it is always a good idea to save some money. And this English expression means to save money for when you need it.  Example:  "Last winter, the boiler broke down. Thankfully, we saved for a rainy day. " 6. Daylight robbery  If you really want to save money, you should compare prices and avoid shopping where prices are too high. This idiom means that something is costly. It can be an exorbitant fee for a product or service.  Example:  "I never buy anything from this store. The prices here are a daylight robbery."   Read the full transcript at: SpeakEnglishpodcast.com/podcast

One of the hardest parts of learning to ride a mountain bike is how to make good decisions on the trail in the heat of the moment. A lot of wrecks are caused by bad decisions about speed and line choice and bad decisions can also lead to you working harder than needed So how do you acquire the skill of good decision making on the trail? The best place to start is with the decision making process and the best model for this that I have found is the OODA Loop. OODA Loop was developed by Lt. Colonel John Boyd to explain where good ideas came from, particularly in the heat of the moment. It consists of 4 parts, with each part flowing into the next while also informing the previous stages as well.  Observe: You observe what is going on through your own observations and other information coming from outside sources. Example: You see what is coming up on the trail/ You have someone tell you about what is coming up. Orient: You orient yourself to the situation based on the information you have at hand, your past experience and even your genetics. Decide: Based on your Orientation to the situation you make a decision about the best course of action. Act: You take action based on your Decision.  The Orientation process is the generally most important part of The Loop. The more you are able to bring to the Orientation process the better Decisions and Actions you can take. To improve your Orientation process you can gain more experience through more riding, training camps/ clinics, reading books, watching videos and thinking about the problems you are facing. This is one of the reasons that new riders struggle with their Decisions on the trail - they simply don't have the resources for their Orientation process. New riders need to be able to ride, make mistakes and learn from those mistakes.Instead, well meaning riders tend to over-coach and over-recommend technology to make up for what is simply a lack of experience.  Another thing to take from this is that the faster you can go through the Loop the faster you can act. Being able to make decisions faster can make up for a lack of speed and power. Visualization can also help with the Action part of the Loop. Once you have Decided on an action, you can see yourself doing that action successfully.  This will help you be able to Act faster through familiarity of the action through visualization. You also can't get through the OODA Loop if you are stuck in the Fear Loop. You have to deal with your fear and make a decision to act before you can start to move through the OODA Loop. Controlling your breathing is one of the best ways to help you move through the Fear Loop and into the OODA Loop. Knowing where you get stuck can help you identify what you need to work on to improve your decision making on the trail. Fear Loop: Change your relationship with fear to move out of it and into the OODA Loop. Observe: Learn to pay better attention and to use your peripheral vision. Orient: Get the experience you need to improve the information you have to draw on. Decide: Visualization to try out different ideas. Act: Visualization to see yourself performing the idea you decided to act on. Your best asset on the trail is your brain and its ability to run through the OODA Loop faster and more effectively. Hopefully this information can help you ride with more confidence and flow. Until next time… Ride Strong, James Wilson MTB Strength Training Systems

Hi! I'm Georgiana, your English teacher. Thank you for joining me for another episode. Today you will learn new idioms in English with MONEY. I will teach you some English expressions related to money. And with a point-of-view story, you will learn grammar without memorizing any boring rules. And if you want complete programs with hours of audio designed to develop your fluency, don't think twice. Visit Speakenglishpodcast.com/courses/ There are several levels. Ok! Let's start! Depending on the culture, people talk about money or get really uncomfortable when someone brings up this subject. However, everybody needs money nowadays, so today, we will learn expressions about money because "money makes the world go round." When something "makes the world go round," it is extremely important. But not only money makes the world go round; love also makes the world go round. However, love without money can get really complicated sometimes. Anyway, I'm digressing. Today, I'd like you to learn some English expressions about money. Let's start! #1. Bring Home the Bacon  You may be thinking I'm hungry. But although this expression may seem unusual, we use it to talk about money. It means earning money so that a family can get by.  Example:  "I have to work day and night to support my family. Someone's got to bring home the bacon." #2. Time is Money  We use this expression to emphasize that you should use your time wisely because you could use it to earn money. Example: "I've been waiting for the delivery guy all day, but I can't sit around any longer. Time is money." #3. Break the Bank  There is no need to break anything. We use this expression to say that something costs too much money. Example: “That coat is way too expensive. It will break the bank!” #4. Quick Buck (Fast Buck) These expressions refer to money earned easily or quickly and, on some occasions, may indicate that someone wants to earn money dishonestly. Example: “You can make a quick buck by selling your coin collection.” #5. Bread and Butter  While bread and butter are delicious, we use this expression to indicate someone who depends on their job for a living. Example:  “I'm sorry I can't go shopping with you tomorrow. I can't miss work again, or I'll get fired, remember, it's my bread and butter!” #6. Money Talks  Obviously, this expression cannot be taken at face value. But it's pretty funny. We use it to talk about wealthy people that can get whatever they want because they have money. Example: "I was convinced that I had a high chance of being elected. However, my opponent has much more money than I do, and, as they say, money talks." #7. Born with a Silver Spoon in your Mouth  This expression means to be born to a wealthy family. Therefore, people born with a silver spoon in their mouths get everything they want. Example:  “My friend's parents always gave her everything she ever wanted. She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth. “ [END OF THE EXTRACT] Get the full transcript on my website: SpeakEnglishPodcast.com/podcast

Subscribe to the Email List Buy Ray a Coffee Journal Prompt: 1) Grade your sleep from 1-10.  1- Being Terrible. 10- Being Great. 2) How is poor sleep or good sleep effecting your days? 3) Which active recovery routine looks interesting to you? Write it down. 4) Then, google the benefits of it.  Example: You pick swimming.  Google the benefits of swimming for the body. Types of active recovery:  Swimming Tai Chi Yoga Walking/Jogging Cycling Myofascial foam rolling "Benefits of Active Recovery: reducing lactic acid buildup in muscles eliminating toxins keeping muscles flexible reducing soreness increasing blood flow helping you maintain your exercise routine" Article Links: What You Need to Know About Active Recovery Exercise Creator of the intro and outro: Music from Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/soundroll/eternity

Robert Morris is the Vice President of Development and Global Operations at Altitude Trampoline Parks, a multi-national chain of trampoline-based family entertainment centers targeted around bringing fun to everyone. Prior to joining Altitude in late 2020, Robert gained a wealth of experience in the restaurant industry, which transitioned seamlessly into entertainment and then into attractions. Today, Altitude has nearly 90 locations in multiple countries and will soon be celebrating its 10th anniversary. In this interview, Robert teaches us about leading by example, active family fun, and return on capacity. Leading by Example   "You have to value your employees, or they won't value you or your guests."   As a leader, Robert preaches that you need to know that no action is below you if it benefits the guest experience. Everything your employees do and contribute benefit the operation in important ways. Whether it's picking up trash or selling a beverage, showing your employees that you are just as willing to contribute in every way possible gives them a deeper understanding of the guest experience and assists in developing a healthier and more interactive guest environment.    Without proper leadership, employees will begin to feel disconnected from the purpose of the company and guests will begin to notice that behavior. Robert stresses that this method of leadership is important because it teaches employees to connect with guests of all ages, and when guests feel connected, they return.  Active Family Fun   "Kids need to socialize. They need to interact with other kids."   Robert knows that the guest experience goes beyond what a facility can provide, but rather what environment it can create. In a trampoline park with team-based games and endless opportunities for socialization, kids will find themselves making friends and having a blast beyond just doing backflips into the foam pit.    When kids make friends, not only does it give the kid a great experience, but it also gives their parents a great time as well. Robert shares that when parents watch their kids make friends, it encourages them to become recurring customers, as parents love watching their kid socialize and have a good time. By noticing these trends, Altitude has created an interactive experience where kids can socialize with employees and have a blast with their friends while simultaneously creating a returning base of members.  Return on Capacity   "The energy in a park becomes contagious."   It's simple, many large companies have a subscription-based service, and it's not always because it makes money. Robert says that people come places for reasons similar to why we go to the movies. The shared ‘oos' and ‘aahs' make guests feel connected and engaged in a similar experience. However, you can't always fill up a facility on a random Tuesday night. By introducing a subscription-based service like memberships, you can have guest retainage and begin to create return on capacity.   Additionally, Robert emphasizes the benefits of consistent attendance with memberships beyond just raising the average attendance. When members come to the facility, they will oftentimes purchase a drink or make a transaction to boost their experience. By having these memberships, you can maintain a steady income to keep the lights on and also give the guest experience a massive boost.  To learn more about Altitude Trampoline Parks, you can visit their website here. You can also contact Robert directly at robert.morris@apphq.com. This podcast wouldn't be possible without the incredible work of our amazing team: Scheduling and correspondence by Kristen Karaliunas Summary by Mason Nichols Video editing by Abigail Giganan   To connect with AttractionPros: attractionpros@gmail.com

In HAPKIDO self defense training we've been using a double arm elbow lock, and off-lining to take advantage of the pushing motion of an attacker in a front choke. Picture an attacker pushing you up against a wall with two hands on your neck… (See the video example). This was a definite improvement on a static position where we just dropped our weight to break the hold. However, some of the smaller defenders were still not able to make it work according to our 90% RULE.. more on the 90% RULE in another episode. In short, our goals is that our self defense techniques must work at least 90% of the time to be viable. As some of our lighter women attempted, they weren't able to break the chokehold 90% of the time. We are always looking for improvements, and a few of our instructors took it on themselves to find a better way for this technique to work for even the smallest defender. After analyzing this over and over again, Micheal one of our Master level instructors, suggested CONNECTING to one arm, instead of both of the attackers arms, with the defender using both of their arms. It worked! It turns out the correct CONNECTION made all the difference. The correct CONNECTION in this case, was to pinpoint twice as much power, strength, effort, and weight to one specific point of CONNECTION instead of two. Picture a muscle bound man holding a 16 year old teenage girl while she hangs on his one arm extended. Eventually, even the strongest arm gives out. In life and Life Defense less CONNECTIONS can be more effective. Or said in a different way, the right CONNECTION can make all the difference. Consider that 10,000 “friends” on social media are not as effective as CONNECTION to a few close friends. Greg Roche. author of “The Fast and Easy Networking Guide for Introverts,” in one our recent conversations spoke of this as being your “personal community.” In simple terms the people that know you, care about you, and are interested in your success are your “personal community.” These “personal community” CONNECTIONS actually require less energy than online social communities to accomplish outcomes. Example: You get a flat tire at 3am in the middle of no where. Quick, post to Facebook or Instagram and see what happens…? Or, call your closest 3 friends? Although a late night gamer may like, or even share your post, chances are better at least one of your three closest friends will pick up and get you assistance as soon as possible. In life, the use of fewer close CONNECTIONS is more powerful than 10,000 distant CONNECTIONS. 10,000 or 1 million followers are not as powerful was a few close friends… #lifedefense #connect #allenhughes --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/allen-hughes/message

即刻加入15Mins通勤學英語直播室，每週一9pm等你來說英文 : https://15minsengcafe.pse.is/46hm8k 主題: 英語慣用語系列 – 死亡相關慣用語 Death related Idioms 1. A brush with death 與死神擦肩而過 If someone has a brush with death, they survived a situation where they could have died. Example: Paulo had a brush with death when he drove his car off the road. 2. One foot in the grave 一隻腳在墳墓裡 A less formal way to say that someone's close to death is to say that they have one foot in the grave. Example: I wasn't really surprised to hear that our neighbour had passed away; he'd had one foot in the grave for years. 3. Six Feet Under 六尺以下 It is customary to bury a coffin six feet in the ground. So when we say someone is six feet under, it means he/she is dead and buried. Example: Even though Michael Jackson is six feet under, his recordings are still making money. 4. Kick the bucket 翹辮子 From the people standing on buckets to commit suicide – the moment of death. Example: Sam achieved his goal of climbing Mount Everest before he kicked the bucket. 5. On your last legs 奄奄一息 Someone or something that is on its/their last legs is close to dying or failing to work. Example: I thought Granddad was on his last legs but he seems determined to stick around for a while!” 6. Over My Dead Body 除非我死了 It shows resistance in doing/ allowing to do something - under no circumstances. Example: You're only 17! You'll go to that party over my dead body! 練習時間: 請使用二到三個慣用語來分享自身小故事 Use two to three idioms to share a personal story about death. 歡迎留言告訴我們你對這一集的想法： https://open.firstory.me/user/cl81kivnk00dn01wffhwxdg2s/comments Powered by Firstory Hosting

Dan & Cannon sit down with a 26-year veteran of the banking industry and learn some mind-blowing stuff that every business should know to succeed!! Check out the show's Google Docs notes below! • https://linktr.ee/myfencelife (CLICK HERE) - To learn more about Dan & Cannon AND the Software / Industry Tools they talk about. ⤵️SHOW NOTES⤵️ Showing income at the end of the year Why should I show income?  If your ultimate goal is to grow your business it is important to show your income. I've never met a business owner that told me they started a business just so they could pay their current personal expenses.  Bottom line is a bank is only able to give a business credit for what you actually claim on your taxes.  The business has to show after the day to day ordinary expenses are paid, they still have enough to pay their additional debts. If I show income then I have to pay taxes... I don't want to pay taxes. I want to pay the least amount as possible Why is going out and spending all of my profits at the end of the year to avoid taxes a bad thing for my banking future? This is one of the biggest decisions or let's say traps that a business owner falls into.  While it is your CPA's job to save you from paying taxes at the end of the year, as a business owner you need to show income if you ever want to qualify for credit in the business' name.  The biggest issue for most startup companies is initially a business owner  has to use their personal assets and or credit cards to fund business expenses.  When you go that route it affects your personal credit scores and your debt to income. This is where banks and tax preparers clash. Your tax preparer's job is to show the least amount of income so you pay less taxes. If you're looking to grow and utilize a business line of credit, purchase equipment etc. from your bank, this hurts you more than helps you.  If you show income and pay taxes, then that tells the bank you're profitable and makes you more appealing to them.   Business owners need to look at their bank as a partner or financial adviser.  Just like a consumer needs to show income to be able to finance things like a home or a vehicle, a business will only be able to obtain credit if they show the business has income to pay the debts.  Otherwise, you will be financing the business' needs on your personal credit which in the long run will affect you being able to purchase your personal needs. How do Direct Liabilities and Contingent Liabilities affect my business AND personal life? What are Direct Liabilities =  Direct Liabilities are debt associated with your SS# and appear on your credit bureau. What are Contingent Liabilities = Contingent liabilities are debts that you personally guarantee if the business is for any reason unable to pay. Contingent liabilities do not show on your personal credit bureau. Example - You're about to buy a house and a truck breaks down and you end up having to go buy a truck and then the underwriter for your home loan says, "Looks like we can't approve the loan for your new house because you just bought a truck." Imagine telling your wife this and it's because you're dealing with Direct Liabilities and Contingent. That's a great example…In this case a bank will do a soft credit pull within 72hrs of a mortgage closing.  If the business financed the trucks and can show a 12 month history that the note on the truck is paid out of the business, the new purchase will not affect the loan. What should I expect from my bank during tough times like Recession or Depression? Are they going to stick with me when things or times are challenging? Or are they going to run for the hills? Banks develop relationships with their business clients.  A bank looks at the business' historically when making decisions in any credit situation. For example:  Let's say you have had your business for 3 years...

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Gradations of Agency, published by Daniel Kokotajlo on May 23, 2022 on The AI Alignment Forum. [Epistemic status: This post written hastily, for Blog Post Day.] I've de-prioritised this sequence due to other recent posts which cover a lot of the same ground. Moreover I begin to suspect that the theory of agency I'm building is merely the glowing brain and that Yudkowsky-Veedrac's is the cosmic galaxy brain. Perhaps mine can be a useful stepping-stone. Consider the messy and large real world, with creatures reproducing, competing, and evolving. The behavior of each entity is controlled by some sort of cognition/computation—some sort of algorithm. Inspired by something Dan Dennett wrote (h/t Ramana Kumar), I propose the following loose hierarchy of algorithm families. As we move up the hierarchy, things get more complicated and computationally expensive, but also more powerful and general. Level 1: Do what worked in the past for your ancestors. You have some “input channel” or “senses” and then you respond to it somehow, doing different things in response to different inputs. Example: You swim towards warmth and away from cold and hot. You run from red things and towards green things. This is more complex and computationally expensive, but (if done right) more powerful and general than algorithms which aren't environment-responsive: There are many situations, many niches in the environment, where being able to sense and adapt quickly helps you survive and thrive. Level 2: Do what worked in the past for you. How you respond to inputs is itself responsive to inputs; you learn over the course of your life. This typically involves some sort of memory and a special input channel for positive and negative reward. Example: You start off reacting randomly to inputs, but you learn to run from red things and towards green things because when you ran towards red things you got negative reward and when you ran towards green things you got positive reward. This is more complex and computationally expensive, but (if done right) more powerful and general: For a particular ecological niche, you & your relatives will reproduce and fill the niche more quickly than rivals from Level 1. This is because your rivals in some sense keep doing the same thing until they die, and will thus only “learn” to exploit the niche by gradual natural selection. Whereas you & your kind can be dropped straight into the niche and learn to Also, there are some niches that Level 1 creatures simply cannot survive in, that you can. Example: In Pond X, the color of food and the color of predators constantly changes on timescales of about a lifetime, too fast for a population of Level 1 creatures to adapt. Level 3: Do what worked in the past for things similar to you in similar situations. You have some ability to judge similarity, and in particular to notice and remember when your current situation is similar to the situation of something else you saw, something you classify as similar to you. Armed with this ability you can learn not just from your own experience, but from the experience of others—you can identify successful others and imitate them. This is more complex and computationally expensive, but (if done right) more powerful and general: For a particular ecological niche, you & your relatives will reproduce and fill the niche more quickly than rivals from level 2. This is because you can learn from the experiences of others while level 2 creatures have to experience things themselves. Also, there are some niches that level 2 creatures simply cannot survive in, that you can. For example, niches in which certain behaviors in certain situations are deadly. Level 4: Do what worked in your head when you imagined various plans. Whereas with Level 3 you processed your memories into the sort of world-model tha...

主題: 食物相關慣用語 Food related idioms   COOL AS A CUCUMBER 冷靜 Meaning: This is another way to say that someone is calm and composed. Example: "The exam is next week and I'm as cool as a cucumber."   BIG CHEESE 大人物 Meaning: An influential person. Example: "Tony is the boss of the whole sales and marketing department. He is a big cheese."   BRING HOME THE BACON 賺錢回家 Meaning: The person who “brings home the bacon” is someone who is earning the most money. Example: "Simon took another job so he could bring home the bacon."   HARD NUT TO CRACK 很難解決的問題 Meaning: A problem that is difficult to solve is also known as “a hard nut to crack.” Example: "That grammar question in the test was a hard nut to crack, don't you think?"   WITH A PINCH OF SALT 不可盡信 Meaning: Taking something “with a pinch of salt” means that you are listening to a story or an explanation with a sense of doubt or uncertainty. Example: "You have to take this data with a pinch of salt until the correct data is released."   練習時間: 請選用四個慣用語來造句    

Have you ever considered changing the way you look at food? Food is not always the enemy. We just have to find a diet that works for our individual body type. This does not always mean restricting yourself from foods that you enjoy!In this episode, we discuss the meaning of intuitive eating as it relates to finding a balance of the foods and lifestyle that work best for you. We will also cover the importance of acknowledging your unique body type, despite the pressure of society to try and categorize one's diet into  what everyone else is doing or saying that works for them!Live Well Tip of the Week:  Food is not the enemy. Your mindset is!A Quote from Our Guest: “Understand that everyone doesn't have the same genetics. We shouldn't be pursuing to have the same ideal body as everyone else  in order to fit the standard of popular belief.”~ Christyna Johnson 4 Things You'll Learn in This Episode: A nutritionist is an experienced professional, who is not required to have a degree or certification in order to become a nutritionist. They also do not have legal standing or legal protection behind their title. Whereas a registered dietitian is a credentialed individual with at least a bachelors degree in nutrition, and required to complete additional training and certifications. Intuitive eating is a form of self compassionate eating. This means eating in a way that is internally wise and compassionate towards your own dietary fulfillment and needs. This also means becoming rebellious towards the expectations and influences of outside sources where it concerns your personal dietary needs (outside of a medical professional). This includes rebelling against the ‘diet culture' or diets that are trending for everyone else. Example: You do not have to become gluten free  just because it's the popular thing to do. You should only  choose it if it works well for you. There are often financial challenges associated with intuitive eating, due to the expense of allowing yourself to consistently eat the foods that you desire to eat (that work best for your needs). In this situation, it is important to learn to become creative in how you approach your diet. Listen to yourself, be intune with yourself. Unhealthy food habits can be addressed by a proper dietitian. For those who are looking for financial assistance, there are often health grants and resource centers within your community that are available to provide financial assistance towards professional health services. Connect with Christyna: Website: https://encouragingdietitian.com/media/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/encouragingdietitian/Twitter: https://twitter.com/encouragingRD

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Checklist of Rationality Habits, published by AnnaSalamon on the LessWrong. As you may know, the Center for Applied Rationality has run several workshops, each teaching content similar to that in the core sequences, but made more practical, and more into fine-grained habits. Below is the checklist of rationality habits we have been using in the minicamps' opening session. It was co-written by Eliezer, myself, and a number of others at CFAR. As mentioned below, the goal is not to assess how "rational" you are, but, rather, to develop a personal shopping list of habits to consider developing. We generated it by asking ourselves, not what rationality content it's useful to understand, but what rationality-related actions (or thinking habits) it's useful to actually do. I hope you find it useful; I certainly have. Comments and suggestions are most welcome; it remains a work in progress. (It's also available as a pdf.) This checklist is meant for your personal use so you can have a wish-list of rationality habits, and so that you can see if you're acquiring good habits over the next year—it's not meant to be a way to get a 'how rational are you?' score, but, rather, a way to notice specific habits you might want to develop. For each item, you might ask yourself: did you last use this habit... Never Today/yesterday Last week Last month Last year Before the last year Reacting to evidence / surprises / arguments you haven't heard before; flagging beliefs for examination. When I see something odd - something that doesn't fit with what I'd ordinarily expect, given my other beliefs - I successfully notice, promote it to conscious attention and think "I notice that I am confused" or some equivalent thereof. (Example: You think that your flight is scheduled to depart on Thursday. On Tuesday, you get an email from Travelocity advising you to prepare for your flight “tomorrow”, which seems wrong. Do you successfully raise this anomaly to the level of conscious attention? (Based on the experience of an actual LWer who failed to notice confusion at this point and missed their plane flight.) When somebody says something that isn't quite clear enough for me to visualize, I notice this and ask for examples. (Recent example from Eliezer: A mathematics student said they were studying "stacks". I asked for an example of a stack. They said that the integers could form a stack. I asked for an example of something that was not a stack.) (Recent example from Anna: Cat said that her boyfriend was very competitive. I asked her for an example of "very competitive." She said that when he's driving and the person next to him revs their engine, he must be the one to leave the intersection first—and when he's the passenger he gets mad at the driver when they don't react similarly.) I notice when my mind is arguing for a side (instead of evaluating which side to choose), and flag this as an error mode. (Recent example from Anna: Noticed myself explaining to myself why outsourcing my clothes shopping does make sense, rather than evaluating whether to do it.) I notice my mind flinching away from a thought; and when I notice, I flag that area as requiring more deliberate exploration. (Recent example from Anna: I have a failure mode where, when I feel socially uncomfortable, I try to make others feel mistaken so that I will feel less vulnerable. Pulling this thought into words required repeated conscious effort, as my mind kept wanting to just drop the subject.) I consciously attempt to welcome bad news, or at least not push it away. (Recent example from Eliezer: At a brainstorming session for future Singularity Summits, one issue raised was that we hadn't really been asking for money at previous ones. My brain was offering resistance, so I applied the "bad news is good news" pattern to rephrase this as, ...

Employees love their 401(k)s, but love can be blind. These plans are riddled with traps, restrictions and caveats that are not apparent until you attempt to access your money out of the plan. Retirement savers need to open their eyes to some serious flaws built into these accounts. A 401(k) is a type of employer-sponsored retirement savings plan utilized in for-profit organizations. Related types of plans are the 403(b), used in not-for-profit and education, and 457 plans, designed for government employees. While all different, each is categorized as the same type of plan, designed for participants to save for retirement.   First, the Good The good news with these accounts is that they are an easy way to save for retirement. Through payroll deductions, you can set a percentage to be taken from your paycheck and deposited into the plan for your retirement. Often this contribution can be tax deductible, reducing your current year tax liability. Some plans even offer a matching contribution, which means that your employer will contribute into the plan, equal to your contribution, up to certain predefined limits that are set by the employer.   Now, the Bad While these plans are popular, there is an inherent problem with them. You relinquish control of your money until specific triggering events grant you permission to access your money from the plan. Once deposited into the account, your money is serving a proverbial jail sentence.  Here are three triggering events that grant you permission to escape: You leave your current employer. Whether you retire, quit or are fired from a job, separation from an employer is a triggering event that allows you to move money out of the plan. Of course, that doesn't mean you can just pull all your money out of the plan without the possibility of incurring taxes or penalties. You reach age 59½. For some plans, reaching the age of 59½ is a triggering event that allows you to move money out of the plan. However, not all plans offer this as an option. You have a qualifying hardship. If your employer allows them, there are a few life events or circumstance that allow money to be taken out of the plan, such as certain medical expenses or buying a home. If you elect to use this option, keep in mind that you may be subject to a 10% penalty and tax liabilities.   A few things to think about when it comes to tying your money up in these plans are: Distributions from a 401k are subject to an early withdrawal penalty of 10% prior to age 55 if you are separated from employment (59½ if still “in service” with your employer. You have very limited access to the money while you remain employed, including taking a 401(k) loan – something that's more of a last resort than anything else. For tax-deferred 401(k) plans, you are eventually forced to take your money out through required minimum distributions (RMDs) whether you need it or not. (The IRS enforces a Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) if you reached 70-1/2 in 2019. For those reaching 70-1/2 in 2020 and beyond the new RMD age is 72 thanks to the Secure Act.)   So, overall, these savings plans can be very restrictive. The act of giving up control of your money can limit your ability to fulfill important life events, and it's seldom in your best interest to do so. The bottom line is that the rules for these plans are set and regulated by our government, and they don't always coincide with your needs.   You're Kicking the Tax Can Down the Road Another problem with these plans is that you may misunderstand the actual benefits they provide. When it comes to contributions, you may believe you are saving on taxes because you are receiving a tax deduction in the year the funds are contributed. However, you are merely deferring taxes. A tax deduction through deferral is not the same as a tax savings. In other words, you either pay taxes now or you pay them later. A true tax savings is something you can write off on your taxes to receive the deduction with no future liabilities. With these plans, you are simply deferring taxes to a later point in time when the liabilities await you.   Example: You contribute $10,000 a year into your 401(k), deducting the contribution from your current year taxes. Assuming a hypothetical 8% annual rate of return over 30 years you would accumulate $1,223,000.  Since the $10,000 a year you put into the plan was tax-deductible (you didn't pay any taxes on the money contributed or the growth) the entire account balance is subject to tax.   So, a few things to think about when it comes to the tax liabilities are: You are deferring the tax liability to a point in the future when you have no idea what the tax rate will be. When you retire you will likely not have the same amount of total tax deductions as you do today. Deductions may include the 401(k) contributions themselves, child credits, other deductions along with home mortgage interest, etc. The IRS does not offer a different tax code for retirees. You have the same tax brackets when you retire as you do while you are working. Granted, you may have less income in retirement, which would move you to a lower tax bracket, but reducing your income is not a goal worth pursuing. The bottom line is that our focus needs to be on how money will be used and structure a plan around receiving the tax benefits at the point money will be used. Postponing taxes for when you need the money can leave you overexposed to tax liabilities later in life.   When a 401(k) Makes Sense If you haven't figured it out yet, I am not a fan of 401(k)s. However, there are a couple of exceptions … with caveats: If an employer offers matching contributions to your 401(k), it may make sense to contribute to the plan to receive the company match, but only in conjunction with other non-qualified accounts mentioned below. You never want to tie all your money up into these plans, regardless of a match. Some plans offer a Roth 401(k) option. If this is the case, opt for your contributions to go here even though they will not be tax deductible. The advantage is that the money will grow tax-free and doesn't have the same tax complications down the road. However, the fact still remains that a 401(k) is restrictive and does not offer the same flexibility that other programs offer. One of the primary reasons people contribute to their 401(k)s is out of convenience. We most often opt for the easier, more popular option when it comes to making decisions, which doesn't necessarily mean it is best.  McDonald's says it serves “billions,” but we all know eating there is not good for our health.   Some Other Options to Consider Another reason people use 401(k)s is the fact that they don't understand there are other options.  There are better options to save for the future that include more access and control over your money, depending on your situation. Consider the following: A Roth IRA has no deduction for contributions but offers tax-free growth for retirement. These plans are different from employer-sponsored plans since you are considered the owner. These plans do carry restrictions, but you always maintain access to the money, though taxes and penalties may apply. A non-qualified investment account, such as a brokerage account, can help manage tax liabilities, while allowing you access and control of the funds. That means you are free to access and use the money as you choose with no government oversight or penalties. A specially designed life insurance contract is a high cash value policy that offers access to the account value through loans or withdrawals. Policies have no tax deduction on contributions but do have favorable tax treatment by the IRS. These plans also provide you with easy access to cash at any age without penalties.   These options can work well and provide a more flexible alternative to employer plans when used in the right situations. Just keep in mind that there are no unicorns, and there is no perfect investment. There are positives and negatives for every decision you make. However, one thing is certain: When considering where to store your money, having access and control of your money is paramount.

Whether you're just starting out in business or you're advanced, self-sabotage can come up at every stage. One of the biggest self-sabotage blocks I hear about from empath entrepreneurs is imposter syndrome. What is imposter syndrome? It's the gap in between - What you show the world and - What you feel inside. The gap in between holds your shame, guilt, trauma, ‘not enough', fear of being seen, and other fears. What you really want is to show up as your authentic self, putting your frequency out in the world shining your light. Transformation work is deprogramming beliefs, rewiring subconscious, and unanchoring trauma to reveal your inner radiance. This is the ascension journey of you coming HOME to yourself and shining your light. Sometimes this shows up as wearing masks - Having it all together, ‘perfection', always happy, I'm good by myself/independent woman Examples - You show the world you're happy on social media, but underneath it, you're scared, anxious, and operating from fear. This can be tied to people-pleasing and wanting everyone to like you. Example - You abandon yourself and don't have boundaries to make others comfortable. This comes from being abandoned in childhood (divorce, unavailable parent) and it wasn't safe for you to be in your body so you abandoned yourself and became hyper aware of the environment. Now it's a pattern and it shows up in your business - can lead to burnout, resentment, over-giving. Transformation = In your power, setting boundaries without feeling like a bitch, showing up in your brilliance to be visible, more flow and ease, more $ and impact! I'd love to hear from you - follow me on Instagram at @thepharmacistcoach and let me know what action step you're taking from this episode. Learn more about Dr. Christina's programs on her website - https://enlightenedwellnesspa.com/start-here/ Dr. Christina Fontana, AKA The Pharmacist Coach, is a rapid transformation coach, hypnotherapist, pharmacist, and 4-time author. One of Dr. Christina's gifts is her laser sharp intuition; she can quickly tune into what is blocking someone, identify it, and help them release it. She blends hypnotherapy, quantum physics, spirituality, and intuitive coaching to help visionary women release blocks keeping them stuck so they can own their brilliance out in the world and amplify their income and impact. For the last 10 years, Dr. Christina has been providing uplifting, transformational content through her YouTube videos, articles, books, programs, and retreats to help women wake up to more of who they really are so they can experience more freedom, joy, and fulfillment! Feel free to connect with Dr. Christina on her website or on her pharmacist Facebook page, Monetize Your Magic – A Community for Empath Entrepreneurs. Connect with Dr. Christina here: www.pharmacistcoach.com Facebook group - www.bitly.com/scaleyoursidehustlegroup Instagram - @thepharmacistcoach --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/christina-tarantola/support

This video shows a seventeen year old guy getting assaulted by a woman at Hammonasset Beach in Madison, Connecticut by Andrea Mears. And I've also included a link to her facebook page in the description below. But it looks like she's taken down pictures of herself so that no one will recognize her face and contact her. I spoke with the guy also known as hogwit on youtube and received permission to show you his video clip. I asked the seventeen year old quad-copter pilot why he didn't take it to criminal court and he says that it has to be done through civil court. I'm also putting link to the indie gogo crowd sourcing campaign in the description below as well. So far he's managed to raise over a thousand dollars but he's planning on using the money for another issue now. And I'm not sure why that's happened. This is what Hogwit said with regards to taking this is what he told me: "Civil is the only type of lawsuit. There are civil lawsuits and criminal prosecutions, one is for crimes only and the other is for loss or damages regardless of the incident being a crime or not. Example: You are at fault in a car accident while driving within the law. You will not be prosecuted for a crime because no crime was committed, however the victim may sue you for damage to their car and injuries (both mental and physical)." This is Hogwit's official statement I found on Photography is not a crime dot com: I went to a nearby beach that is a whopping 2 miles long, setup, talked to some people that were curious what my "thing" was, demonstrated the loiter feature (pulling the quad to one direction or another), demonstrated rtl (flying it away then having it return), and make a lot of people think the quad was just awesome. I never went below 50 feet save for take off/landing, then after the end of my last flight, some crazy lady came over and started taking pictures of me...and dialed 911 for the 3rd time in 15 minutes...she said something to the effect of, "There's a guy here taking pictures at the beach with a helicopter plane." (I distinctly remember her saying, "with a helicopter plane," because that just sounds hilarious.) They basically said that they'd send someone when one gets free during each of the 3 calls she made, she decided they didn't care enough about someone obeying the law so when no one was around she assaulted me and she decided to stop when she got a phone call. I called the police to report the assault, and boy was the response big...10 or more vehicles arrived (cops, DEEP, and an ambulance)...They first listened to her story of lies (she claimed I was taking close ups of people in bikinis, and that she had asked me to stop flying before calling the police, and that I was the one that assaulted her, and and and). The police approached me very aggressively, believing her full story, and before anything else was said I brought up something that she missed... The fact that the cell phone in my hand has a camera...that was recording. I had video evidence that she went nuts completely unprovoked, and was the one that assaulted me. She was then charged with assault, and breach of peace and I gave the cops a copy of the video for their prosecution.Quadcopter Pilot Assaulted at Hammonasset Beachhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=elnEN...Andrea Mears Facebook Pagehttps://www.facebook.com/ndrmearsIndie Gogo - Crowdsourcinghttps://www.indiegogo.com/projects/no...Photography is not a Crime Dot Comhttp://photographyisnotacrime.com/201...Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/mgtow/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

主播：翩翩（中国）+梅莉（法国）音乐：Complicated今天，要和大家聊的是，一夜爆红的丁真。 1.丁真一夜爆红一夜爆红：to become popular overnight / go viral overnight没有任何预兆，突然之间out of nowhere, not expected It happened very suddenly.丁真爆红只用了10秒不到（less than 10 seconds）。 2.丁真是谁？四川人Sichaunese藏族Tibetan 少数民族ethnic minority丁真“火了”：双11当天，有一个关于丁真的不到10秒的视频（a 10 seconds video of Ding Zhen）被发到网上（was posted on the internet）。视频中，丁真正在微笑。（The video shows Ding Zhen smiling.）结果这个视频就火了（went viral）。 3.为什么丁真火了？有很多明星是被包装出来的。Many celebrities are polished, trained and prepared to be famous. 但，丁真是纯天然的。Ding Zhen became famous naturally, without trying.每个人心中都住着一个丁真（Everyone has a Ding Zhen in their heart.）：天然natural自由free在草原上躺一天，看时间慢慢流逝lying on grassland and watching time fly slowly无忧无虑：careless and enjoying the life to the fullest 4.怎么形容男生帅handsome 帅气的attractive 有吸引力的good looking 好看的stunning 令人惊艳的gorgeous 美艳不可方物媒体是怎么报道“丁真的帅”的？CGTN: Tibetan heartthrob gets job offer after getting viral on Chinese media.藏族帅哥在中国社交媒体上走红之后，获得了工作邀约。heartthrob怎么用？heart（心脏）+throb（悸动）= heartthrob（万人迷）这个词经常被用来形容长得好看的名人（celebrities who are known for being good looking）We can say:Ding Zhen is the latest Tibetan heartthrob. 丁真是最新的藏族万人迷。The recent heartthrob became famous in less than 10 seconds.最近的万人迷在不到10秒内就出名了。 South China Morning Post 《南华早报》：China's most handsome man right now?Tibetan herder wows Chinese social media with rugged good looks.中国最帅的男人？藏族牧人以粗犷英俊的面容震惊了中国社交媒体。rugged good looks：a man with masculine figures粗犷的，有男子汉气概的比如《雷神》的男主 Chris Hemsworth（克里斯·海姆斯莫斯）He is very famous for his rugged good looks.We can say: Women are attracted to his rugged good looks. wow的用法语气词exclamation：Example：Wow! That is amazing! 像Wow这样的语气词还有: Aw, Oh, Hm, Aha etc…名词noun：Example：You will be a wow at the show. （It means that you will succeed.）你会取得极大的成功。动词verbExample：You really wowed us all today！（Another way to say “You really amazed us!”）你今天真的让我们惊叹!法国人梅莉眼中的丁真He is good looking.He seems like a very happy young man who enjoys life. 一个快乐的小青年儿。He is also different from most 20 year old's nowadays.和如今大多数二十多岁的青年人与众不同。His culture also plays a big part in his identity.他的文化对他的特征影响很大。Please comment us: What do you think about Ding Zhen?

主播：翩翩（中国）+梅莉（法国）音乐：Complicated今天，要和大家聊的是，一夜爆红的丁真。 1.丁真一夜爆红一夜爆红：to become popular overnight / go viral overnight没有任何预兆，突然之间out of nowhere, not expected It happened very suddenly.丁真爆红只用了10秒不到（less than 10 seconds）。 2.丁真是谁？四川人Sichaunese藏族Tibetan 少数民族ethnic minority丁真“火了”：双11当天，有一个关于丁真的不到10秒的视频（a 10 seconds video of Ding Zhen）被发到网上（was posted on the internet）。视频中，丁真正在微笑。（The video shows Ding Zhen smiling.）结果这个视频就火了（went viral）。 3.为什么丁真火了？有很多明星是被包装出来的。Many celebrities are polished, trained and prepared to be famous. 但，丁真是纯天然的。Ding Zhen became famous naturally, without trying.每个人心中都住着一个丁真（Everyone has a Ding Zhen in their heart.）：天然natural自由free在草原上躺一天，看时间慢慢流逝lying on grassland and watching time fly slowly无忧无虑：careless and enjoying the life to the fullest 4.怎么形容男生帅handsome 帅气的attractive 有吸引力的good looking 好看的stunning 令人惊艳的gorgeous 美艳不可方物媒体是怎么报道“丁真的帅”的？CGTN: Tibetan heartthrob gets job offer after getting viral on Chinese media.藏族帅哥在中国社交媒体上走红之后，获得了工作邀约。heartthrob怎么用？heart（心脏）+throb（悸动）= heartthrob（万人迷）这个词经常被用来形容长得好看的名人（celebrities who are known for being good looking）We can say:Ding Zhen is the latest Tibetan heartthrob. 丁真是最新的藏族万人迷。The recent heartthrob became famous in less than 10 seconds.最近的万人迷在不到10秒内就出名了。 South China Morning Post 《南华早报》：China's most handsome man right now?Tibetan herder wows Chinese social media with rugged good looks.中国最帅的男人？藏族牧人以粗犷英俊的面容震惊了中国社交媒体。rugged good looks：a man with masculine figures粗犷的，有男子汉气概的比如《雷神》的男主 Chris Hemsworth（克里斯·海姆斯莫斯）He is very famous for his rugged good looks.We can say: Women are attracted to his rugged good looks. wow的用法语气词exclamation：Example：Wow! That is amazing! 像Wow这样的语气词还有: Aw, Oh, Hm, Aha etc…名词noun：Example：You will be a wow at the show. （It means that you will succeed.）你会取得极大的成功。动词verbExample：You really wowed us all today！（Another way to say “You really amazed us!”）你今天真的让我们惊叹!法国人梅莉眼中的丁真He is good looking.He seems like a very happy young man who enjoys life. 一个快乐的小青年儿。He is also different from most 20 year old's nowadays.和如今大多数二十多岁的青年人与众不同。His culture also plays a big part in his identity.他的文化对他的特征影响很大。Please comment us: What do you think about Ding Zhen?

主播：翩翩（中国）+梅莉（法国）音乐：Complicated今天，要和大家聊的是，一夜爆红的丁真。 1.丁真一夜爆红一夜爆红：to become popular overnight / go viral overnight没有任何预兆，突然之间out of nowhere, not expected It happened very suddenly.丁真爆红只用了10秒不到（less than 10 seconds）。 2.丁真是谁？四川人Sichaunese藏族Tibetan 少数民族ethnic minority丁真“火了”：双11当天，有一个关于丁真的不到10秒的视频（a 10 seconds video of Ding Zhen）被发到网上（was posted on the internet）。视频中，丁真正在微笑。（The video shows Ding Zhen smiling.）结果这个视频就火了（went viral）。 3.为什么丁真火了？有很多明星是被包装出来的。Many celebrities are polished, trained and prepared to be famous. 但，丁真是纯天然的。Ding Zhen became famous naturally, without trying.每个人心中都住着一个丁真（Everyone has a Ding Zhen in their heart.）：天然natural自由free在草原上躺一天，看时间慢慢流逝lying on grassland and watching time fly slowly无忧无虑：careless and enjoying the life to the fullest 4.怎么形容男生帅handsome 帅气的attractive 有吸引力的good looking 好看的stunning 令人惊艳的gorgeous 美艳不可方物媒体是怎么报道“丁真的帅”的？CGTN: Tibetan heartthrob gets job offer after getting viral on Chinese media.藏族帅哥在中国社交媒体上走红之后，获得了工作邀约。heartthrob怎么用？heart（心脏）+throb（悸动）= heartthrob（万人迷）这个词经常被用来形容长得好看的名人（celebrities who are known for being good looking）We can say:Ding Zhen is the latest Tibetan heartthrob. 丁真是最新的藏族万人迷。The recent heartthrob became famous in less than 10 seconds.最近的万人迷在不到10秒内就出名了。 South China Morning Post 《南华早报》：China's most handsome man right now?Tibetan herder wows Chinese social media with rugged good looks.中国最帅的男人？藏族牧人以粗犷英俊的面容震惊了中国社交媒体。rugged good looks：a man with masculine figures粗犷的，有男子汉气概的比如《雷神》的男主 Chris Hemsworth（克里斯·海姆斯莫斯）He is very famous for his rugged good looks.We can say: Women are attracted to his rugged good looks. wow的用法语气词exclamation：Example：Wow! That is amazing! 像Wow这样的语气词还有: Aw, Oh, Hm, Aha etc…名词noun：Example：You will be a wow at the show. （It means that you will succeed.）你会取得极大的成功。动词verbExample：You really wowed us all today！（Another way to say “You really amazed us!”）你今天真的让我们惊叹!法国人梅莉眼中的丁真He is good looking.He seems like a very happy young man who enjoys life. 一个快乐的小青年儿。He is also different from most 20 year old's nowadays.和如今大多数二十多岁的青年人与众不同。His culture also plays a big part in his identity.他的文化对他的特征影响很大。Please comment us: What do you think about Ding Zhen?

In Today's Episode I am Talking about WHY I personally write things down & why it's important. . Example: You are 42% more likely to achieve your goals if you write them down.. Crazy! . Thank You! Comment & Share this to your Instagram story (tag me in it too) if this Related or Helped in ANY way. Thank you! #TheExposedPodcast #keanuisaiah #TBVM

Hi guys! I sent this message hours ago but to the wrong chat. LOL. Sorry. Sharing it here now. Good morning everyone! Just a bit of encouragement. As you go through your day you may find yourself in moments of uncertainty. Maybe a conversation is weird or a course of action isn't exactly clear. Remember that true leaders focus on Purpose, Passion, Principles, People and Vision, in that order. So... ✅You already know your Macro-Purpose: Be an Ambassador. ✅You know or have some hints at your Micro-Purpose: ____________. (Mine is inspiring leaders to inspire other leaders) ✅You know or have some idea about your passion/what gets you fired up:_____________. (Mine is seeing people grow) ❎You maybe wondering though, about your principles. Principles is where you locate your position and course of action on things. To get an idea of the principle(s) that fit the situation ask your self this question: What do I know about God?

Hello Everyone & Welcome Back to the RealPositiveGirl Podcast!Thank you so much for joining me again!Happy Thursday!This week's theme for the podcast is: Stop Giving Up On YourselfIt can be so easy to give up on ourselves when tough situations come along, which is why I thought it would be super helpful to talk about different ways we give up on ourselves & how to overcome those negative trends.I hope this week's episodes are helpful on how to stop giving up on yourself when the going gets tough & give you the strength & knowledge to keep going & be your best self.Here are some notes from today's episode:.Despite what it is that causes you to feel overwhelmed, whether it is relationships, your job, past trauma, lack of sleep, financial issues or mental health stress, the common denominator is that these things are creating more stress in your life that you don't need.And know, that when you are having those thoughts of feeling overwhelming that it's all in your mind & not your actual reality. I know it can get a little stressful & overwhelming when you start a new project, new job, new anything, but just know & believe that things will come together in the end. This comes back to having the right mindset when all your brain wants to do is take a deep dive into negativity. And I understand that new responsibilities & challenges bring on the stress hardcore, but take a step back & evaluate the situation for what it is, just something new that you will eventually adapt to. And if you don't, that's still no problem, just ask for help.Now, sometimes we make things bigger in our minds than it actually is. And as always, I am not here to diminish your feelings or emotions, but sometimes our sense of reality is off. The best way to evaluate whether this is true or not is to step away from your issues & help someone else with theirs, like volunteering or donating your time some other way. And know that people are out there rooting for you. It may not feel like it, but those close to you want you to succeed. Tips: Pinpoint what exactly is causing you to feel overwhelmed. It could feel like a lot of things, but what it the core source? The best way to figure this out is to ask yourself, “What things could I take off my plate right now that would alleviate most of this stress?”Create boundaries in your life, personal & work.Being a perfectionist can really pile on the overworked & overwhelmed feelings because you are trying to do more than you are physically capable of & you know it. You have to be reasonable with yourself, lighten your load & lower your sky high expectations.Lastly, let go of your limiting beliefs. Example: You do not accomplish everything you set out to do or feel like things will or have fallen through the cracks, you believe you are a failure. Or that if you aren't there to be helpful then you will be seen as unneeded & not as valuable. I know it can be quite easy to fall into this way of thinking because your expectations for yourself were too high, but know that if you take the time to eliminate those thoughts over time, you will be released from these beliefs & give yourself freedom to make mistakes & live your life.Please share this podcast with anyone that may need this encouragement!Thank you again for listening & I hope this episode was helpful.Come visit me on my Instagram page @sabrinajoyperozzo to say hi!Have any questions, comments or feedback?  Send me an email at sjperozzo@gmail.com or visit my website: www.sabrinajoy.comSee you for Friday's episode!Support the show (https://www.buymeacoffee.com/sabrinajoy)

多喝热水早已经成为女孩们吐糟男友的梗，这个梗最早来自于一段这样的对话： 虽然被女朋友们吐槽，但是不得不承认，多喝热水确实对疼痛和病症有一定的缓解作用。 那喝热水的英文是什么？难道是drink hot water吗？NO! NO! NO! Hot water指的是刚煮开的滚烫的水是用来泡茶、冲咖啡的直接喝hot water会出事的 hot water还表示：deep trouble（大麻烦）difficult situation（困境）"be in hot water" or "get into hot water"意为“处于水深火热”之中 那喝热水究竟怎样用英文表达呢？ 国外版"知乎"Quora上有人提了这样一个有趣的问题：What is the most Chinese thing a Chinese person can do? 一条被赞了400多次的高票回答是：喝白开水（Drink warm boiled water） 再次强调一下：喝白开水是drink warm boiled water,不是drink hot water!!!为了突出强调只有水，不加别的东西，你也可以在boiled water前面加plainplain [pleɪn] 清澈的、朴素的boiled [bɔɪld]沸腾、烧开的boiled water烧开的水 清澈烧开的水,那就是白开水 Example:You should drink more plain boiled water when you've got a cold..当你感冒了，就应该多喝白开水。 除了白开水，还有其他各种水：bottled water 瓶装水running water/tap water 自来水mineral water矿泉水pure water 纯净水

多喝热水早已经成为女孩们吐糟男友的梗，这个梗最早来自于一段这样的对话： 虽然被女朋友们吐槽，但是不得不承认，多喝热水确实对疼痛和病症有一定的缓解作用。 那喝热水的英文是什么？难道是drink hot water吗？NO! NO! NO! Hot water指的是刚煮开的滚烫的水是用来泡茶、冲咖啡的直接喝hot water会出事的 hot water还表示：deep trouble（大麻烦）difficult situation（困境）"be in hot water" or "get into hot water"意为“处于水深火热”之中 那喝热水究竟怎样用英文表达呢？ 国外版"知乎"Quora上有人提了这样一个有趣的问题：What is the most Chinese thing a Chinese person can do? 一条被赞了400多次的高票回答是：喝白开水（Drink warm boiled water） 再次强调一下：喝白开水是drink warm boiled water,不是drink hot water!!!为了突出强调只有水，不加别的东西，你也可以在boiled water前面加plainplain [pleɪn] 清澈的、朴素的boiled [bɔɪld]沸腾、烧开的boiled water烧开的水 清澈烧开的水,那就是白开水 Example:You should drink more plain boiled water when you've got a cold..当你感冒了，就应该多喝白开水。 除了白开水，还有其他各种水：bottled water 瓶装水running water/tap water 自来水mineral water矿泉水pure water 纯净水

“纸”对我们的生活实在是太重要了，上班上学时需要打印纸，吃饭时需要餐巾纸，上厕所需要卫生纸。今天我们就盘点下中文中的各种“纸”的地道英文表达。 面巾纸tissue[ˈtɪʃuː] n. (尤指用作手帕的)纸巾，手巾纸;Example:She wiped her nose with a tissue.她用纸巾擦了擦鼻子。 餐厅里的餐巾纸千万不要和服务员要paper,他多半会给你拿来这样一张纸... 餐巾纸的正确表达是：napkin[ˈnæpkɪn] n.餐巾;餐巾纸Example: He wiped away the blood with a paper napkin他用纸巾将血迹擦去。 卫生纸toilet paper这个就非常直白了，toliet+paper[ˈtɔɪlət peɪpər] n. 卫生纸;手纸Oh, I think I need to get some toilet paper and some paper napkins.哦，我还得买些卫生纸和纸餐巾。 厨房用纸paper towel [ˌpeɪpə ˈtaʊəl] n.厚纸巾因为"厨房用纸"的纸张一般非常厚实，近乎不容易拉断，就跟毛巾一样结实，所以才叫paper towel.或者叫kitchen paper。 Example:You need the, a sponge and a paper towel for the mirror.清洁镜子你要用清洁剂、海绵及纸巾。 湿巾wipes[waɪps] n. (湿)抹布，湿纸巾 I've only tried baby wipes myself and it's not that bad.我自己只用过婴儿湿巾，也还不错啦。

“纸”对我们的生活实在是太重要了，上班上学时需要打印纸，吃饭时需要餐巾纸，上厕所需要卫生纸。今天我们就盘点下中文中的各种“纸”的地道英文表达。 面巾纸tissue[ˈtɪʃuː] n. (尤指用作手帕的)纸巾，手巾纸;Example:She wiped her nose with a tissue.她用纸巾擦了擦鼻子。 餐厅里的餐巾纸千万不要和服务员要paper,他多半会给你拿来这样一张纸... 餐巾纸的正确表达是：napkin[ˈnæpkɪn] n.餐巾;餐巾纸Example: He wiped away the blood with a paper napkin他用纸巾将血迹擦去。 卫生纸toilet paper这个就非常直白了，toliet+paper[ˈtɔɪlət peɪpər] n. 卫生纸;手纸Oh, I think I need to get some toilet paper and some paper napkins.哦，我还得买些卫生纸和纸餐巾。 厨房用纸paper towel [ˌpeɪpə ˈtaʊəl] n.厚纸巾因为"厨房用纸"的纸张一般非常厚实，近乎不容易拉断，就跟毛巾一样结实，所以才叫paper towel.或者叫kitchen paper。 Example:You need the, a sponge and a paper towel for the mirror.清洁镜子你要用清洁剂、海绵及纸巾。 湿巾wipes[waɪps] n. (湿)抹布，湿纸巾 I've only tried baby wipes myself and it's not that bad.我自己只用过婴儿湿巾，也还不错啦。

You excel me真不是“你表格我”的意思经常办公的你，一定离不开word, excel。“excel”=表格，那这句话中”You excel me”难不成是“你表格我”的意思吗？ 千万别这么理解， excel在这句话中，其实是个的动词，指的是擅长、善于的意思。经常这么来用：excel in/at sth/at doing sthExample:She has always excelled in foreign languages.她的外语从来都是出类拔萃。May you excel at your studies.祝你学业进步。Rick's cooking was always good but this time he really excelled himself.里克的烹饪技术一直不错，但这次简直是超越了自己。除了excel, word这个单词在口语中也相当实用，比如 word for word这个短语的意思（using exactly the same words）Example:You need to say this word for word.你要逐字逐句地念出来。还有 ”take my word for it“ 意思是“相信我说的话，我说的话准没错儿”，相当于Believe me，Trust meExample:You'll buy nothing but trouble if you buy that house, take my word for it.你要是买那栋房子只会买来麻烦，我说的都是真的。

You excel me真不是“你表格我”的意思经常办公的你，一定离不开word, excel。“excel”=表格，那这句话中”You excel me”难不成是“你表格我”的意思吗？ 千万别这么理解， excel在这句话中，其实是个的动词，指的是擅长、善于的意思。经常这么来用：excel in/at sth/at doing sthExample:She has always excelled in foreign languages.她的外语从来都是出类拔萃。May you excel at your studies.祝你学业进步。Rick's cooking was always good but this time he really excelled himself.里克的烹饪技术一直不错，但这次简直是超越了自己。除了excel, word这个单词在口语中也相当实用，比如 word for word这个短语的意思（using exactly the same words）Example:You need to say this word for word.你要逐字逐句地念出来。还有 ”take my word for it“ 意思是“相信我说的话，我说的话准没错儿”，相当于Believe me，Trust meExample:You'll buy nothing but trouble if you buy that house, take my word for it.你要是买那栋房子只会买来麻烦，我说的都是真的。

The Roll Data Plays in Property Acquisitions and Sales (1025) Transcript: Steven Butala:                   Steve & Jill here. Jill DeWit:                            Hi. Steven Butala:                   Welcome to the Land Academy show, entertaining land investment talk. I'm Steven Jack Butala. Jill DeWit:                            And I'm Jill DeWit, broadcasting from sunny Southern California. Steven Butala:                   Today, Jill and I talk about the role data plays in property acquisitions and sales. Jill DeWit:                            I would like to just point out that we were talking about this topic and what Steven was thinking when he wrote this topic the other day and my comment was, "Why am I here today?" Steven Butala:                   Well, why am I here then? Jill DeWit:                            Why am I here today? Steven Butala:                   Why do you need me? Jill DeWit:                            Exactly. I'm just here to... I'm here for moral support. Steven Butala:                   Jill, you make this whole thing work, trust me. Jill DeWit:                            Thank you. Steven Butala:                   Without you, I'm just a guy in front of a camera talking about real estate, and nobody wants that. Jill DeWit:                            Okay. Steven Butala:                   Before we get into it, let's take a question posted by one of our members on the Land Investors dot com online community. It's free. Jill DeWit:                            All right. Paulani asks, "Has anyone ever sold a note before? Let's say that you're having a tough time selling a certain property for cash, but you sell a property under contract for terms. Package up that deal and sell the note to get your cash price. Example: You're trying to sell a property for $5,000 cash, but you're only getting people interested at $8,000 on terms. Once the property's under contract, sell the particular property at the terms price and then sell the contract to an investor to get $5,000 cash price. Has anyone ever done this? If so, what are the pros and cons to doing this?" Steven Butala:                   Paulani, you're a genius. Jill DeWit:                            That's good. Steven Butala:                   I've done this many times, there's people in our group... Jill DeWit:                            Sure there are. Steven Butala:                   ...that do this. This is their business model. They pay cash for a piece of property, double the price, sell it on terms really quickly, but here's... there's only one thing I have to add to your logic. There are two things that a note buyer looks at when they assess that note. The credit-worthiness of the person who's making the payments. Jill DeWit:                            Right. Steven Butala:                   Oh great, everyone loves their credit score. So that can be a big problem, especially with people who are buying rural vacant land on terms. And number two, the age of the note. In my experience... I've done this many times. We don't do it anymore. We're cash buyers and sellers. What they want to see is a six month flawlessly paid-for, on time, note paying payment schedule at bare minimum. Steven Butala:                   If it's two years, you're going to get... if you have a two year payment schedule, you're going to get a much more attractive discount rate to you, meaning if it's $8,000, you could sell the note for a lot more than five. Jill DeWit:                            Right. Steven Butala:                   So, just do a little bit more research. Maybe a day's more of research. But you've got a great concept. Selling property on terms is way, way easier than selling it for cash. Jill DeWit:                            What I would do is I would look at who my buyer is first and ask them what they want, because most of the times, the reason we're selling these properties on terms is because they can't qualify,

之前早餐英语教唱了Bruno Mars， 火星哥炒鸡好听的一首歌When I was your man，讲述是一个男人失去挚爱女友的悔恨之歌，这首歌当中，I was your man就是它字面的意思“我是你男人。”但是在口语中，当某人说I'm your man时，他可不是想勾搭你，千万别想歪哦！ I'm your man有两层含义,具体意思要看具体语境哦！表示"我行,我可以", 就可以说：I'm your man，意思是"你可算是找对人了!"I'm your man! =我是你要找的人! Example:- I heard there's an opening in your company, I'm your man! -我听说贵公司职位空缺,我就是你要找的人。 2.但是如果你想对某人表示忠诚或是支持，一句I'm your man.就绝对能说到他/她心上。 I'm your man! =我听你的! =我随叫随到!√ Example:Well, whatever you need, I'm your man. Just name it.好吧,无论你需要什么,我随叫随到!尽管吩咐吧! Man的用法还不止上面所提到的呢！Man=喜欢某事的人I'm a football man.我是个喜欢足球的人。 I' m a football man. =我是足球迷。I' m a basketball man. =我是篮球迷。 猫奴看这里：I' m a cat person.我是一个喜欢猫的人。I' m a dog person.我是一个喜欢狗的人。 Old man口语中可不是老男人的意思哦，而是对父亲或是老伴的昵称 Policeman, fire fighter or a postman警察消防员或者邮递员Why not something like your old man为什么不是像你老爸的人？You can be just the one you wanna be你可以成为任何一个你想成为的人 Example:Her old man left her a few million when he died.她老爸去世时,给她留了好几百万。 man of the world ：阅历丰富、饱经世故的人Example:Bob is a man of the world, why not go to him for advice?鲍勃是个通晓世故的人,干嘛不去听听他的意见？ man of letters ：文人、作家、学者Example:Shakespeare was perhaps Britain's greatest man of letters.莎士比亚或许可以算是英国最伟大的作家。 man of his word ：守信用的人、说话算数的人Example:You can trust him because he‘s a man of his word.你可以信任他,他是个说话算话的人。

之前早餐英语教唱了Bruno Mars， 火星哥炒鸡好听的一首歌When I was your man，讲述是一个男人失去挚爱女友的悔恨之歌，这首歌当中，I was your man就是它字面的意思“我是你男人。”但是在口语中，当某人说I'm your man时，他可不是想勾搭你，千万别想歪哦！ I'm your man有两层含义,具体意思要看具体语境哦！表示"我行,我可以", 就可以说：I'm your man，意思是"你可算是找对人了!"I'm your man! =我是你要找的人! Example:- I heard there's an opening in your company, I'm your man! -我听说贵公司职位空缺,我就是你要找的人。 2.但是如果你想对某人表示忠诚或是支持，一句I'm your man.就绝对能说到他/她心上。 I'm your man! =我听你的! =我随叫随到!√ Example:Well, whatever you need, I'm your man. Just name it.好吧,无论你需要什么,我随叫随到!尽管吩咐吧! Man的用法还不止上面所提到的呢！Man=喜欢某事的人I'm a football man.我是个喜欢足球的人。 I' m a football man. =我是足球迷。I' m a basketball man. =我是篮球迷。 猫奴看这里：I' m a cat person.我是一个喜欢猫的人。I' m a dog person.我是一个喜欢狗的人。 Old man口语中可不是老男人的意思哦，而是对父亲或是老伴的昵称 Policeman, fire fighter or a postman警察消防员或者邮递员Why not something like your old man为什么不是像你老爸的人？You can be just the one you wanna be你可以成为任何一个你想成为的人 Example:Her old man left her a few million when he died.她老爸去世时,给她留了好几百万。 man of the world ：阅历丰富、饱经世故的人Example:Bob is a man of the world, why not go to him for advice?鲍勃是个通晓世故的人,干嘛不去听听他的意见？ man of letters ：文人、作家、学者Example:Shakespeare was perhaps Britain's greatest man of letters.莎士比亚或许可以算是英国最伟大的作家。 man of his word ：守信用的人、说话算数的人Example:You can trust him because he‘s a man of his word.你可以信任他,他是个说话算话的人。

We'll cover OpenBSD's defensive approach to OS security, help you Understanding Syscall Conventions for Different Platforms, Mishandling SMTP Sender Verification, how the cd command works, and the LUA boot loader coming to FreeBSD. This episode was brought to you by Headlines Pledge: OpenBSD's defensive approach to OS Security (https://medium.com/@_neerajpal/pledge-openbsds-defensive-approach-for-os-security-86629ef779ce) The meaning of Pledge is same as in the real world, that is, “a solemn promise or undertaking”. So, in OpenBSD: Calling pledge in a program means to promise that the program will only use certain resources. How does it make a program more secure? It limits the operation of a program. Example: You wrote a program named ‘abc' that only needed the stdio to just print something to stdout. You added pledge to use only stdio and nothing else. Then, a malicious user found out that there is a vulnerability in your program which one can exploit and get into shell (or root shell). Exploiting your program to open a shell (or root shell) will result in the kernel killing the process with SIGABRT (which cannot be caught/ignored) and will generate a log (which you can find with dmesg). This happens because before executing other codes of your program, the code first pledges not to use anything other than stdio promise/operations. But, opening a shell or root shell will call several other system-calls which are distributed in lots of other promises like “stdio”, “proc”, “exec” etc. They are all forbidden because the program has already promised not to use any promises other than stdio. Pledge is not a system call filter. So, it is not used to restrict system calls. For example, pledge(“read”,NULL) ? wrong syntax of the pledge() pledge(“stdio inet”,NULL) ? correct syntax of the pledge() Pledge works on stdio, dns, inet, etc. promises but not directly on system calls like read, write, etc. And, unique functionality of pledge() is that it works on behavioral approach not just like 1:1 approach with the system calls. On 11 December 2017, Theo de Raadt said: List: openbsd-tech Subject: pledge execpromises From: Theo de Raadt Date: 2017–12–11 21:20:51 Message-ID: 6735.1513027251 () cvs ! openbsd ! org This will probably be committed in the next day or so. The 2nd argument of pledge() becomes execpromises, which is what will gets activated after execve. There is also a small new feature called “error”, which causes violating system calls to return -1 with ENOSYS rather than killing the process. This must be used with EXTREME CAUTION because libraries and programs are full of unchecked system calls. If you carry on past one of these failures, your program is in uncharted territory and risks of exploitation become high. “error” is being introduced for a different reason: The pre-exec process's expectation of what the post-exec process will do might mismatch, so “error” allows things like starting an editor which has no network access or maybe other restrictions in the future… Every Journey Starts with a FAIL...or Understanding Syscall Conventions for Different Platforms (http://k3research.outerhaven.de/posts/every-journey-starts-with-a-fail.html) Introduction Not long ago I started looking into FreeBSD kernel exploitation. There are only a few resources but probably the best starting point is argp's Phrack article from 2009[0]. And while he does only provide one technique, I wanted to understand it and port it to a modern FreeBSD release before describing new, own researched techniques. Well, at least this was my plan. In reality I ended researching how different operating systems resp. the same operating system but for different architectures implement syscalls. Hence, new exploiting methods have to wait for another post. In this one I want to describe my personal FAIL while porting argp's exploit example to a FreeBSD 11.1-RELEASE running on a 64bit processor. Maybe this will give other people interested in kernel stuff some insights they didn't know before. If you already know how syscalls work on 32bit and 64bit *BSD because you are an experienced exploit or kernel developer, you will probably want to search for something else to read. Moreover, some of the debugging stuff can look laborious because I wanted to show the steps I have done while attacking my problem instead of showing a simple walkthrough to the solution. The Problem argp described in his article vulnerable code consisting of a loadable kernel module which exposes a syscall to the userland. Because it was written around the time when FreeBSD 8-RELEASE came out and because he has written himself that the code needs smaller adjustments to work with this version (it was written for FreeBSD 7) I thought I will first port it to FreeBSD 11.1-RELEASE. Moreover it was written for an Intel 32bit processor architecture as we can see from his shellcode examples. Hence, I wanted to go right away the harder way and modify it to work on an 64bit processor. Why the Original Code Worked While It Was Wrong As written above, the syscall convention for the 32bit architecture is different from the one for the 64bit architecture. Indeed, a syscall on a 32bit FreeBSD system passes the arguments via the stack while the syscall offset is stored in the EAX register. The transfer into the kernel address space is done in 'cpufetchsyscall_args' in 'sys/i386/i386/trap.c'. ``` int cpufetchsyscallargs(struct thread *td, struct syscallargs *sa) { ... frame = td->td_frame; params = (caddr_t)frame->tf_esp + sizeof(int); sa->code = frame->tf_eax; ... if (params != NULL && sa->narg != 0) error = copyin(params, (caddr_t)sa->args, (u_int)(sa->narg * sizeof(int))); else ... } ``` That is, 'params' points to ESP+4 bytes offset. Later, the arguments are copied into the kernel space which is referenced by 'sa->args'. 'args' is an array of eight 'registert' which is defined as 'int32t' on the 32bit platform in comparison to the 64bit platform. And as 'struct args' only consisted of integers they got copied into the syscall arguments which are given to the trigger function inside the kernel module. We could verify this by changing 'int op' to 'long long op' in the kernel module and in trigger.c. We get the following output: root@freebsd64:trigger/ # ./trigger 0x28414000 256 3 1 0x28414000 256 4294967295 2 root@freebsd64:trigger/ # To bring this to an end: argp's version only worked for his special choice of arguments and only on 32bit. On 32bit FreeBSD platforms the arguments are transferred into kernel space by 4 byte integers, hence it will only work for integers anyway. On 64bit FreeBSD platforms we have to use syscall(2) in the intended way. iXsystems New Disks! (https://www.ixsystems.com/blog/gdpr-countdown/) A Life Lesson in Mishandling SMTP Sender Verification (https://bsdly.blogspot.co.uk/2018/02/a-life-lesson-in-mishandling-smtp.html) It all started with one of those rare spam mails that got through. This one was hawking address lists, much like the ones I occasionally receive to addresses that I can not turn into spamtraps. The message was addressed to, of all things, root@skapet.bsdly.net. (The message with full headers has been preserved here for reference). Yes, that's right, they sent their spam to root@. And a quick peek at the headers revealed that like most of those attempts at hawking address lists for spamming that actually make it to a mailbox here, this one had been sent by an outlook.com customer. The problem with spam delivered via outlook.com is that you can't usefully blacklist the sending server, since the largish chunk of the world that uses some sort of Microsoft hosted email solution (Office365 and its ilk) have their usually legitimate mail delivered via the very same infrastructure. And since outlook.com is one of the mail providers that doesn't play well with greylisting (it spreads its retries across no less than 81 subnets (the output of 'echo outlook.com | doas smtpctl spf walk' is preserved here), it's fairly common practice to just whitelist all those networks and avoid the hassle of lost or delayed mail to and from Microsoft customers. I was going to just ignore this message too, but we've seen an increasing number of spammy outfits taking advantage of outlook.com's seeming right of way to innocent third parties' mail boxes. So I decided to try both to do my best at demoralizing this particular sender and alert outlook.com to their problem. I wrote a messsage (preserved here) with a Cc: to abuse@outlook.com where the meat is, ``` Ms Farell, The address root@skapet.bsdly.net has never been subscribed to any mailing list, for obvious reasons. Whoever sold you an address list with that address on it are criminals and you should at least demand your money back. Whoever handles abuse@outlook.com will appreciate the attachment, which is a copy of the message as it arrived here with all headers intact. Yours sincerely, Peter N. M. Hansteen ``` What happened next is quite amazing. If my analysis is correct, it may not be possible for senders who are not themselves outlook.com customers to actually reach the outlook.com abuse team. Any student or practitioner of SMTP mail delivery should know that SPF records should only happen on ingress, that is at the point where the mail traffic enters your infrastructure and the sender IP address is the original one. Leave the check for later when the message may have been forwarded, and you do not have sufficient data to perform the check. Whenever I encounter incredibly stupid and functionally destructive configuration errors like this I tend to believe they're down to simple incompetence and not malice. But this one has me wondering. If you essentially require incoming mail to include the contents of spf.outlook.com (currently no less than 81 subnets) as valid senders for the domain, you are essentially saying that only outlook.com customers are allowed to communicate. If that restriction is a result of a deliberate choice rather than a simple configuration error, the problem moves out of the technical sphere and could conceivably become a legal matter, depending on what outlook.com have specified in their contracts that they are selling to their customers. But let us assume that this is indeed a matter of simple bad luck or incompetence and that the solution is indeed technical. I would have liked to report this to whoever does technical things at that domain via email, but unfortunately there are indications that being their customer is a precondition for using that channel of communication to them. I hope they fix that, and soon. And then move on to terminating their spamming customers' contracts. The main lesson to be learned from this is that when you shop around for email service, please do yourself a favor and make an effort to ensure that your prospective providers actually understand how the modern-ish SMTP addons SPF, DKIM and DMARC actually work. Otherwise you may end up receiving more of the mail you don't want than what you do want, and your own mail may end up not being delivered as intended. News Roundup Running Salt Proxy Minions on OpenBSD (https://mirceaulinic.net/2018-02-14-openbsd-salt-proxy/) As I have previously attempted several times in the past, I am (finally) very close to switch to OpenBSD, a more stable and reliable operating system that I like. Before starting to make the actual change on both personal and work computer, I started testing some of the tools I'm currently using, and understand what are the expectations. In general I didn't encounter issues, or when I did, I found the answers in the documentation (which is really great), or various forums. I didn't find however any questions regarding Proxy Minions on OpenBSD which is why I thought it might be helpful to share my experience. Installation and Startup With these said, I started playing with Salt, and it was simple and straightforward. First step - install Salt: pkg_add salt. This will bring several ports for Python futures, ZeroMQ, or Tornado which are needed for Salt. After configuring the pillar_roots in the /etc/salt/master config file for the Master, I started up the master process using rcctl: Starting up the Proxy Minions The Salt package for OpenBSD comes with the rc file for salt-proxy as well, /etc/rc.d/salt_proxy While typically you run a single regular Minion on a given machine, it is very like that there are multiple Proxy processes. Additionally, the default Salt rc file has the following configuration for the salt-proxy daemon: Starting many Proxy Minions I have managed to startup a Proxy Minion, but what about many? Executing the three commands above for each and every device is tedious and cannot scale very well. I thus have figured the following way: Have a separate rc file per Proxy, each having the daemon instruction explicitly specifying its Minion ID Start the service (using the regular Minion that controls the machine where the Proxy processes are running) And the test Proxy Minion is then up (after accepting the key, i.e,, salt-key -a test) Extending the same to a (very) large number of Proxy Minions, you can easily manage the rc files and start the services using a Salt State executed on the regular Minion: Using the file.managed State function to generate the contents of the rc file for each Proxy, with its own Minion ID. Using the service.running State function start the service. These two steps would suffice to start an arbitrary number of Proxy Minions, and the command executed will always be the same regardless how many processes you aim to manage. Conclusions I am still a novice when it comes to OpenBSD, I have plenty to learn, but it looks like the transition will be much smoother than I expected. I am already looking forward to the handover, and - most importantly - I will no longer be using systemd. :-) LUA boot loader coming very soon (https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2018-February/068464.html) As you may know, the Lua (http://www.lua.org) boot loader has been in the works for some time. It started out life as a GSoC in 2014 by Pedro Souza mentored by Wojciech A. Koszek. Rui Paulo created a svn project branch to try to integrate it. I rebased that effort into a github branch which Pedro Arthur fixed up. Over the past year, I've been cleaning up the boot loader for other reasons, and found the time was ripe to start integrating this into the tree. However, those integration efforts have taken a while as my day-job work on the boot loader took priority. In the mean time, Ed Maste and the FreeBSD Foundation funded Zakary Nafziger to enhance the original GSoC Lua scripts to bring it closer to parity with the evolution of the FORTH menu system since the GSoC project started. I'm pleased to announce that all these threads of development have converged and I'll be pushing the FreeBSD Lua Loader later today. This loader uses Lua as its scripting language instead of FORTH. While co-existance is planned, the timeline for it is looking to be a few weeks and I didn't want to delay pushing this into the tree for that. To try the loader, you'll need to build WITHOUTFORTH=yes and WITHLOADERLUA=yes. Fortunately, you needn't do a full world to do this, you can do it in src/stand and install the result (be sure to have the options for both the build and the install). This will replace your current /boot/loader that is scripted with FORTH to one that's scripted with Lua. It will install the lua scripts in /boot/lua. The boot is scripted with /boot/lua/loader.lua instead of /boot/loader.rc. You are strongly advised to create a backup copy of /boot/loader before testing (eg cp /boot/loader /boot/loaderforth), since you'll need to boot that from boot2 if something goes wrong. I've tested it extensively, though, with userboot.so and it's test program, so all the initial kinks of finding the lua scripts, etc have been worked out. While it's possible to build all the /boot/loader variants with Lua, I've just tested a BIOS booting /boot/loader both with and without menus enabled. I've not tested any of the other variants and the instructions for testing some of them may be rather tedious (especially UEFI, if you want a simple path to back out). Since there's not been full convergence testing, you'll almost certainly find bumps in this system. Also, all the build-system APIs are likely not yet final. I put MFC after a month on the commit. Due to the heroic (dare I say almost crazy) work of Kyle Evans on merging all the revs from -current to 11, I'm planning a MFC to 11 after the co-existence issues are hammered out. In 11, FORTH will be the default, and Lua will be built by default, but users will have to do something to use it. 12, both FORTH and Lua will be built and installed, with Lua as default (barring unforeseen complications). Once the co-existence stuff goes in, I imagine we'll make the switch to Lua by default shortly after that. In 13, FORTH will be removed unless there's a really really compelling case made to keep it. So please give it a spin and give me any feedback, documentation updates and/or bug fixes. I'm especially interested in reviews from people that have embedded Lua in other projects or experts in Lua that can improve the robustness of the menu code. Bitcoin Full Node on FreeBSD (https://bsdmag.org/5374-2/) What is a Bitcoin ? Bitcoin is a valuable popular open-source cryptocurrency that was invented by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009. Bitcoins have value because they possess same characteristics like money (durability, portability, fungibility, scarcity, divisibility, and recognizability), but based on the properties of mathematics rather than on physical properties (like gold and silver) or trust in central authorities (like fiat currencies). In short, Bitcoin is backed by mathematics. Bitcoin is the first decentralized peer-to-peer cryptocurrency that is controlled by its users. Transactions take place directly between users, and are later verified by network nodes with digital signature and then placed in a public distributed ledger called a blockchain. Bitcoin is unique in that only 21 million bitcoins will ever be created. The unit of the bitcoin system is bitcoin or mBTC. What is a Bitcoin Wallet ? A wallet is nothing more than a pair of public and private keys that are created by a client to store the digital credentials for your bitcoin. There are several types of wallets: Desktop Wallet Token Wallet Online Wallet Mobile Wallet A token wallet is the safest way to work with bitcoin network, but you can use your mobile or pc as a bitcoin wallet. What is a Blockchain? A blockchain is a ledger that records bitcoin transactions. The blockchain is a distributed database that achieves independent verification of the chain of ownership. Each network node stores its own copy of the blockchain. Transactions will broadcast on the bitcoin network, and about 2400 transactions create a block. These blocks are building blocks of the blockchain. What is Mining? Mining is the process of dedicating computing power to process transactions, secure the network, and keep everyone in the system synchronized together. It has been designed to be fully decentralized. Miners need mining software with specialized hardware. Mining software listens for transactions broadcasted through the peer-to-peer network and performs appropriate tasks to process and confirm these transactions. Bitcoin miners perform this work because they can earn transaction fees paid by users for faster transaction processing. New transactions have to be confirmed then be included in a block along with a mathematical proof of work. Such proofs are very hard to generate because there is no way to create them other than by trying billions of calculations per second. Hence, miners are required to perform these calculations before their blocks are accepted by the network and before they are rewarded. As more people start to mine, the difficulty of finding valid blocks is automatically increased by the network to ensure that the average time to find a block remains equal to 10 minutes. As a result, mining is a very competitive business where no individual miner can control what is included in the blockchain. The proof of work is also designed to depend on the previous block to force a chronological order in the blockchain. This makes it exponentially difficult to reverse previous transactions because it would require the recalculation of the proofs of work of all the subsequent blocks. When two blocks are found at the same time, miners work on the first block they receive and switch to the longest chain of blocks as soon as the next block is found. This allows mining to secure and maintain a global consensus based on processing power. What is Pooled Mining? You have more chances if you participate with others to create a block. In a pool, all participating miners get paid every time a participating server solves a block. The payment depends on the amount of work an individual miner contributed to help find that block. What is a Full Node? A full node is a client that fully validates transactions and blocks. Full nodes also help the network by accepting transactions and blocks from other full nodes, validating those transactions and blocks, and then relaying them to further full nodes. Many people and organizations volunteer to run full nodes using spare computing and bandwidth resources. What is a Bitcoind? bitcoind is a Bitcoin client under the MIT license in 32-bit and 64-bit versions for Windows, GNU/Linux-based OSes, Mac OS X, OpenBSD and FreeBSD as well. Conclusion Cryptocurrencies are replacement for banking we know today, and bitcoin is the game changer. Mining bitcoin with typical hardware is not a good idea. It needs specialized devices like ASIC, but you can create a full node and help the bitcoin network. Useful Links https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency https://bitcoin.org/en/faq *** Latest DRM Graphics work The DRM Graphics stack from Linux is ported to FreeBSD on an ongoing basis to provide support for accelerated graphics for Intel and AMD GPUs. The LinuxKPI bits that the drm-next-kmod driver port depends on have been merged into stable/11 and will be included as part of the upcoming FreeBSD 11.2 (https://svnweb.freebsd.org/ports?view=revision&revision=462202) Additionally, the version of the drives has been updated from Linux 4.9 to Linux 4.11 with a number of additional devices being supported (https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2018-February/068690.html) *** How does cd work? (https://blog.safia.rocks/post/171311670379/how-does-cd-work) In my last blog post, I dove into some of the code behind the sudo command. I thought this was pretty fun. sudo is one of those commands that I use quite often but haven't had the chance to look into truly. I started thinking about other commands that I use on a daily basis but had little understanding of the internals of. The first command that came to mind is cd. cd stands for change directory. Simply put, it allows you to set your current working directory to a different directory. I read through some of the code that was defined in this file. Some of it was in functions, and other bits were in templates, but after a while, I figured that most of the code was a wrapper around a function called chdir. A lot of the functions defined in the cd.def file linked above actually just invoke chdir and handle errors and parameter cleaning. So all in all, here is what happens when you run cd on the command line. The cd builtin is invoked as part of the Bash shell. The Bash shell invokes the chdir function. The chdir function is part of Unix and invokes the chdir system call. The Unix kernel executes the chdir call and does its own low-level thing. I could dive in a little bit more into how #4 works, but let's be honest, I've already read too much code at this point, and my eyes are starting to hurt. Beastie Bits Stockholm BSD User Group: March 22 (https://www.meetup.com/BSD-Users-Stockholm/events/247552279/) Open Source Hardware Camp 2018 (30/06 & 01/07) Call for Participation (http://mailman.uk.freebsd.org/pipermail/ukfreebsd/2018-February/014182.html) Initial release schedule announcement for FreeBSD 11.2 (https://www.freebsd.org/releases/11.2R/schedule.html) Serious Shell Programming (Devin Teske) (https://www.gitbook.com/book/freebsdfrau/serious-shell-programming/details) SSH Mastery 2/e out (https://blather.michaelwlucas.com/archives/3115) TCP Fast Open client side lands in FreeBSD (https://svnweb.freebsd.org/base?view=revision&revision=330001) Help the Tor BSD Project increase the OS diversity of Tor nodes, for your own safety, and everyone else's (https://torbsd.org/open-letter.html) 5 Differences Between TrueOS & Linux (https://www.kompulsa.com/2018/02/23/5-differences-trueos-linux/) *** Feedback/Questions Ambrose - Bunch of questions (http://dpaste.com/0KRRG18#wrap) Eddy - ZFSoL with single SSD (http://dpaste.com/0MTXYJN#wrap)