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SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 14The Astronomy, Space and Science News PodcastAsteroid from the Moon, Lunar Landers, and Trump's Mars AmbitionsIn this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the intriguing discovery of a small asteroid, designated 2024 PT5, which is believed to be a fragment of the Moon ejected into space by a historic impact. This 10-meter wide near-Earth object offers new insights into both asteroid and lunar science, as researchers confirm its composition aligns closely with lunar rock samples.Two Lunar Landers Launch for the MoonSpaceX successfully launched two lunar landers, Firefly Aerospace's Blue Ghost and ispace's Resilience, as part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services program. These missions aim to deliver critical hardware to the Moon in preparation for a sustainable human presence under the Artemis program. Blue Ghost will conduct a variety of scientific experiments, including lunar subsurface drilling and thermal measurements, while Resilience will deploy a forward robotic micro rover to explore the lunar surface.Trump's Vision for MarsIn a bold statement during his inauguration, US President Donald Trump pledged to plant the Stars and Stripes on Mars, reaffirming America's commitment to space exploration. This ambitious goal aligns with SpaceX's plans to colonize the Red Planet, as both the US and China ramp up efforts for lunar and Martian exploration.00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 14 for broadcast on 31 January 202500:49 Discovery of asteroid 2024 PT5 as a lunar fragment06:30 Launch of Blue Ghost and Resilience lunar landers12:15 President Trump's pledge to plant the flag on Mars18:00 Risks associated with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists22:45 New methods for zero carbon dioxide ammonia production27:00 Discovery of the world's oldest three-dimensional map30:15 Concerns over unverified academic titleswww.spacetimewithstuartgary.comwww.bitesz.com

Im April 2024 sorgte die erfolgreiche Klimaklage des Vereins KlimaSeniorinnen gegen die Schweiz vor dem Europäischen Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte (EGMR) für ein großes Medienecho. Doch bei all der Freude über diese Entscheidung und andere Errungenschaften aus der Rechtsprechung des EGMR wollen wir auch einen kritischen Blick auf den europäischen Menschenrechtsschutz werfen. Im Interview beleuchtet Jens Theilen koloniale Kontinuitäten in der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention, die Doppelgesichtigkeit des Europäischen Konsensus im Minderheitenschutz, und wie Fortschritt und Stagnation mit der Rolle des EGMR und der gesellschaftlichen Wahrnehmung von Menschenrechten verknüpft sind. Im Grundlagenteil stellt Isabel Lischewski das Urteil der KlimaSeniorinnen sowie die zwei parallelen Beschwerden Carême gegen Frankreich und Duarte Agostinho und andere gegen Portugal und 32 weitere Staaten vor. Wir freuen uns wie immer über euer Feedback! Sendet uns Lob, Anmerkungen und Kritik gerne an podcast@voelkerrechtsblog.org. Abonniert unseren Podcast über RSS, auf Spotify oder überall, wo ihr eure Podcasts hört. Über eine 5-Sterne-Bewertung freuen wir uns sehr! Verwandte Folgen: #13 Regionaler Menschenrechtsschutz #30 “Backlash”: Was bleibt von internationaler Rechtsprechung in Zeiten der Krise?   Hintergrundinformationen zum Interview und erwähnte Quellen: Annalisa Ciampi et al., International Human Rights Law, in: Public International Law: A Multi-Perspective Approach (Hrsg. Sué González Hauck, Raffaela Kunz & Max Milas). Jens T. Theilen, The Future of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Human Rights: Where Will European Consensus Take Us?, Völkerrechtsblog, 09.02.2023. Lys Kulamadayil, Between Activism and Complacency: International Law Perspectives on European Climate Litigation, ESIL Reflections 10:5 (2021). Jens T. Theilen, The Inflation of Human Rights: A Deconstruction, Leiden Journal of International Law 34, no. 4 (2021): 831–54. Claerwen O'Hara, Consensus, Difference and Sexuality: Que(e)rying the European Court of Human Rights' Concept of ‘European Consensus'. Law Critique 32, 91–114 (2021). Silvana Tapia Tapia, Human Rights Penality and Violence Against Women: The Coloniality of Disembodied Justice. Law Critique (2023). Natasa Mavronicola, The Case Against Human Rights Penality, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Volume 44, Issue 3, Autumn 2024, Pages 535–562. Quellen zum Grundlagenteil: Dina Lupin, Maria Antonia Tigre & Natalia Urzola Gutiérrez, KlimaSeniorinnen and Gender, Verfassungsblog, 09.05.2024. djbZ Zeitschrift des Deutschen Juristinnenbundes 2/2023  Corina Heri, Too Big to Remedy? What Climate Cases Tell Us About the Remedial Role of Human Rights, European Convention on Human Rights Law Review, The 5, 3 (2024): 400-422. Corina Heri, Climate Change before the European Court of Human Rights: Capturing Risk, Ill-Treatment and Vulnerability, European Journal of International Law, Volume 33, Issue 3, August 2022, Pages 925–951.  Kilian Schayani, No Global Climate Justice from this Court: A Critical Analysis on How the ECtHR's Rulings in the Climate Change Cases Exclude the Most Affected People and Areas from Access to Climate Change Litigation, Völkerrechtsblog, 15.04.2024.  Joel Bella, Klimaklagen: EGMR stimmt Völkerrechtsblog zu, Völkerrechtsblog, 06.05.2024.    Moderation: Erik Tuchtfeld, LL.M (Glasgow) & Daniela RauGrundlagen: Dr. Isabel LischewskiInterview: Dr. Jens Theilen & Daniela RauSchnitt: Daniela Rau Credits: Tagesschau vom 09.04.2024, 20:00 Uhr

[caption id="attachment_5359" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] "Dolmen de Menga entrance: Massive stone portal of 6,000-year-old Neolithic tomb in Antequera, Spain."[/caption][caption id="attachment_5354" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] "La Peña de los Enamorados: Distinctive mountain face aligned with Dolmen de Menga, resembling human profile."[/caption] Key Ideas: The invention of architecture during the Neolithic period marked a significant shift in human psychology and religion, creating a division between natural and man-made spaces and giving rise to new concepts of ownership, territoriality, and sacred spaces. The relationship between architecture and the awareness of death is explored, with the idea that built structures allowed humans to create a sense of permanence and continuity in the face of mortality. Neolithic dolmens and their alignment with the summer solstice may have played a crucial role in rituals related to death, the afterlife, and the cyclical nature of the cosmos. The astronomical alignment of the Dolmen de Menga is part of a larger pattern of archaeoastronomical significance in Neolithic monuments across Europe, suggesting a shared cosmological understanding among ancient societies. Neolithic art and architecture, including the use of red ochre and iron oxide paintings, may be linked to shamanic practices and altered states of consciousness. Peter Sloterdijk's theory of spheres is applied to understand the evolution of human spatial awareness and the desire to recreate protected, womb-like spaces through architecture. The fundamental nature of architecture and its role in human life is explored through various philosophical, psychological, and sociological perspectives. Adventure Time with My Daughter My daughter Violet likes the show Adventure Time. She loves mythology, creepy tombs, long dead civilizations and getting to be the first to explore and discover new things. I took my 6-year-old daughter to the Neolithic portal Tomb, or Dolmen, Dolmen de Menga in Antequera, while on a trip to Spain. This ancient megalithic monument, believed to be one of the oldest and largest in Europe, dates back to the 3rd millennium BCE. It is made of 8 ton slabs of stone that archaeologists have a passing idea of how ancient people moved. It has a well drilled through 20 meters of bedrock at the back of it and it is oriented so that the entrance faces a mountain that looks like a sleeping giant the ancient builders might have worshiped. All of this delighted my daughter. The dolmen's impressive architecture features massive stone slabs, some weighing up to 180 tons, forming a 25-meter-long corridor and a spacious chamber. Inside, a well adds to the mystery, possibly used for rituals or as a symbol of the underworld. What's truly fascinating is the dolmen's alignment with the nearby La Peña de los Enamorados mountain. During the summer solstice, the sun rises directly over the mountain, casting its first rays into the dolmen's entrance, illuminating the depths of the chamber. This astronomical alignment suggests the ancient builders had a sophisticated understanding of the cosmos. According to archaeoastronomical studies, the Dolmen de Menga might have served as a symbolic bridge between life and death, connecting the world of the living with the realm of the ancestors. The solstice alignment could have held great spiritual significance, marking a time of renewal, rebirth, and the eternal cycle of existence. Sharing this incredible experience with my daughter and witnessing her awe and curiosity as she felt the weight of boulders that men had moved by hand, is a moment I'll treasure forever.  I reminded her that every time she has seen a building, be it a school or a sky-scraper, it all started here with the birth of architecture, and maybe the birth of something else too. Thinking about prehistory is weird because thinking about the limits of our human understanding is trippy and prehistory is, by definition, before history and therefore written language, meaning we cant really know the subjective experience of anyone who was a part of it. Talking to a child about the limits of what we as a species do or can know are some of my favorite moments as a parent because they are opportunities to teach children the importance of curiosity, intuition and intellectual humility than many adults never learn. Watching Violet contemplate a time when mankind didn't have to tools or advanced scientific knowledge was a powerful moment when I saw her think so deeply about the humanity she was a part of. What the Invention of Architecture did to Psychology Anecdote of the Jar by Wallace Stevens I placed a jar in Tennessee, And round it was, upon a hill. It made the slovenly wilderness Surround that hill.   The wilderness rose up to it, And sprawled around, no longer wild. The jar was round upon the ground And tall and of a port in air.   It took dominion everywhere. The jar was gray and bare. It did not give of bird or bush, Like nothing else in Tennessee. Prior to the advent of architecture, the world was an undivided, seamless entity, with no clear boundaries between human habitation and the natural environment. The construction of dolmens and other architectural structures shattered this unified perception, creating a new paradigm in which humans actively shaped and claimed portions of the earth for their own purposes. This act of claiming space and erecting structures upon it represented a profound psychological shift, as humans began to assert their agency and control over their surroundings. The division of the world into natural and man-made spaces had far-reaching implications for human psychology. It fostered a sense of ownership and territoriality, as individuals and communities began to identify with and attach meaning to the spaces they created. This attachment to claimed spaces gave rise to new concepts of home, belonging, and identity, which were intimately tied to the built environment. Simultaneously, the unclaimed, natural world began to be perceived as a separate entity, one that existed beyond the boundaries of human control and understanding. The impact of this division on religion was equally profound. The creation of man-made spaces, such as dolmens, provided a tangible manifestation of human agency and the ability to shape the world according to human beliefs and desires. These structures became sacred spaces, imbued with religious and spiritual significance, where rituals and ceremonies could be performed. The separation of natural and man-made spaces also gave rise to new religious concepts, such as the idea of sacred and profane spaces, and the belief in the ability of humans to create and manipulate the divine through architectural means. The significance of this division between natural and man-made spaces is beautifully captured in Wallace Stevens' anecdote of the jar. In this short poem, Stevens describes placing a jar in a wilderness, which "took dominion everywhere." The jar, a man-made object, transforms the natural landscape around it, asserting human presence and control over the untamed wilderness. This simple act of placing a jar in the wild encapsulates the profound psychological and religious implications of the invention of architecture. The jar represents the human impulse to claim and shape space, to impose order and meaning upon the chaos of the natural world. It symbolizes the division between the natural and the man-made, and the way in which human creations can alter our perception and understanding of the world around us. Just as the jar takes dominion over the wilderness, the invention of architecture during the Neolithic period forever changed the way humans perceive and interact with their environment, shaping our psychology and religious beliefs in ways that continue to resonate to this day. The Relationship of Architecture to the Awareness of Death Robert Pogue Harrison, a professor of Italian literature and cultural history, has written extensively about the relationship between architecture, human psychology, and our understanding of death. In his book "The Dominion of the Dead," Harrison explores how the invention of architecture fundamentally altered human consciousness and our attitude towards mortality. According to Harrison, the creation of built structures marked a significant shift in human psychology. Before architecture, early humans lived in a world where the natural environment was dominant, and death was an ever-present reality. The invention of architecture allowed humans to create a sense of permanence and stability in the face of the transient nature of life. By constructing buildings and monuments, humans could create a physical manifestation of their existence that would outlast their individual lives. This allowed for a sense of continuity and the ability to leave a lasting mark on the world. Harrison argues that architecture became a way for humans to assert their presence and create a symbolic defense against the inevitability of death. Moreover, Harrison suggests that the invention of architecture gave rise to the concept of the "afterlife." By creating tombs, pyramids, and other burial structures, humans could imagine a realm where the dead continued to exist in some form. These architectural spaces served as a bridge between the world of the living and the world of the dead, providing a sense of connection and continuity. Harrison also argues that architecture played a crucial role in the development of human culture and collective memory. Buildings and monuments became repositories for shared histories, myths, and values. They served as physical anchors for cultural identity and helped to create a sense of belonging and shared purpose among communities. However, Harrison also notes that architecture can have a complex relationship with death. While it can provide a sense of permanence and a symbolic defense against mortality, it can also serve as a reminder of our own impermanence. The ruins of ancient civilizations and the decay of once-great buildings can evoke a sense of melancholy and serve as a testament to the ultimate transience of human existence. Death and Ritual through Architecture Recent archaeological findings have shed light on the potential significance of the alignment of Neolithic dolmens with the summer solstice. These ancient stone structures, found throughout Europe and beyond, have long been shrouded in mystery. However, the precise positioning of these megalithic tombs suggests that they may have played a crucial role in Stone Age rituals related to death, the afterlife, and the cyclical nature of the cosmos. On the day of the summer solstice, when the sun reaches its highest point in the sky and casts its longest rays, a remarkable phenomenon occurs within certain dolmens. The light penetrates through the narrow entrance, illuminating the interior chamber and reaching the furthest recesses of the tomb. This alignment, achieved with great intentionality and skill, has led archaeologists to speculate about the beliefs and practices of the Neolithic people who constructed these monumental structures. One theory suggests that the dolmens served as portals for the souls of the deceased to ascend to the heavenly bodies. The sun, often revered as a divine entity in ancient cultures, may have been seen as the ultimate destination for the spirits of the dead. By aligning the dolmen with the solstice, the Neolithic people perhaps believed that they were creating a direct pathway for the souls to reach the sun and achieve a form of celestial immortality. Another interpretation posits that the solstice alignment was a way to honor and commemorate the dead. The penetrating light, reaching the innermost chamber of the dolmen, could have been seen as a symbolic reunion between the living and the deceased. This annual event may have served as a time for the community to gather, pay respects to their ancestors, and reaffirm the enduring bond between the generations. Furthermore, the cyclical nature of the solstice, marking the longest day of the year and the subsequent return of shorter days, may have held profound symbolic meaning for the Neolithic people. The alignment of the dolmen with this celestial event could have been interpreted as a representation of the cycle of life, death, and rebirth. Just as the sun reaches its peak and then begins its descent, the dolmen's illumination on the solstice may have symbolized the passage from life to death and the promise of eventual renewal. While we may never know with certainty the exact beliefs and rituals associated with the Neolithic dolmens and their solstice alignment, the structures themselves stand as testaments to the ingenuity, astronomical knowledge, and spiritual convictions of our ancient ancestors. The precision and effort required to construct these megalithic tombs and align them with the heavens suggest a deep reverence for the dead and a belief in the interconnectedness of life, death, and the cosmos. The Astronomical Alignment of the Dolmen de Menga and Its Broader Significance The astronomical alignment of the Dolmen de Menga with the summer solstice sunrise is not an isolated phenomenon, but rather part of a larger pattern of archaeoastronomical significance in Neolithic monuments across Europe and beyond. Many megalithic structures, such as Newgrange in Ireland and Maeshowe in Scotland, have been found to have precise alignments with solar and lunar events, suggesting that the ancient builders had a sophisticated understanding of the movements of celestial bodies and incorporated this knowledge into their architectural designs. The alignment of the Dolmen de Menga with the summer solstice sunrise may have held profound symbolic and ritual significance for the Neolithic community that built and used the structure. The solstice, as a moment of transition and renewal in the natural cycle of the year, could have been associated with themes of rebirth, fertility, and the regeneration of life. The penetration of the sun's first rays into the inner chamber of the dolmen on this date may have been seen as a sacred union between the celestial and terrestrial realms, a moment of cosmic alignment and heightened spiritual potency. The incorporation of astronomical alignments into Neolithic monuments across Europe suggests that these ancient societies had a shared cosmological understanding and a deep reverence for the cycles of the sun, moon, and stars. The construction of megalithic structures like the Dolmen de Menga can be seen as an attempt to harmonize human activity with the larger rhythms of the cosmos, creating a sense of unity and connection between people and the natural and celestial worlds they inhabited. Originally these structures were probably lovingly adorned with paint and patterns. This paint was usually made of red ochre and iron oxide.  We know that because the paintings that are left in Iberia are made of these materials and the extremely few neolithic portal tombs that were protected from the elements still have geographic markings.   [caption id="attachment_5367" align="aligncenter" width="715"] Here is me hiking up to look at some iron oxide neolithic paintings[/caption][caption id="attachment_5365" align="aligncenter" width="605"] Here is a little guy made out of iron oxide who is about six thousand years old[/caption][caption id="attachment_5372" align="aligncenter" width="466"] The 4th millennium BC painting inside the Dolmen Anta de Antelas in Iberia[/caption]   Some researchers, such as David Lewis-Williams and Thomas Dowson, have proposed that the geometric patterns and designs found in Neolithic art and architecture may represent the visions experienced by shamans during altered states of consciousness. Other scholars, like Michael Winkelman, argue that shamanism played a crucial role in the development of early human cognition and social organization. According to this theory, the construction of sacred spaces like the Dolmen de Menga may have been closely tied to the practices and beliefs of shaman cults, who served as intermediaries between the physical and spiritual realms. What is Architecture: Why did we invent it? Philosopher, Peter Sloterdijk's theory of spheres, particularly his concept of the first primal globe and its subsequent splitting, offers an intriguing framework for understanding the evolution of human spatial awareness and its manifestations in art and architecture. Sloterdijk's "spherology" posits that human existence is fundamentally about creating and inhabiting spheres - protected, intimate spaces that provide both physical and psychological shelter. The "first primal globe" in his theory refers to the womb, the original protected space that humans experience. According to Sloterdijk, the trauma of birth represents a splitting of this primal sphere, leading humans to constantly seek to recreate similar protective environments throughout their lives and cultures. This concept of sphere-creation and inhabitation can be seen as a driving force behind much of human culture and architecture. Applying this framework to Neolithic architecture like dolmens and portal tombs, we might interpret these structures as attempts to recreate protected, womb-like spaces on a larger scale. These stone structures, with their enclosed spaces and narrow entrances, could be seen as physical manifestations of the desire to recreate the security and intimacy of the "primal sphere" and our universal interaction with it through the archetype of birth. In the Neolithic period, the world was perceived as an undifferentiated sphere, where the sacred and the secular were intimately intertwined. The concept of separate realms for the divine and the mundane had not yet emerged, and the universe was experienced as a single, all-encompassing reality. In this context, the creation of the earliest permanent architecture, such as portal tombs, represents a significant milestone in human history, marking the beginning of a fundamental shift in how humans understood and organized their environment. Portal tombs, also known as dolmens, are among the most enigmatic and captivating architectural structures of the Neolithic era. These megalithic monuments, consisting of large upright stones supporting a massive horizontal capstone, have puzzled and intrigued researchers and visitors alike for centuries. While their exact purpose remains a subject of debate, many scholars believe that portal tombs played a crucial role in the emergence of the concept of sacred space and the demarcation of the secular and the divine. Mircea Eliade. In his seminal work, "The Sacred and the Profane," Eliade argues that the creation of sacred space is a fundamental aspect of human religiosity, serving to distinguish the realm of the divine from the ordinary world of everyday existence. He suggests that the construction of portal tombs and other megalithic structures in the Neolithic period represents an early attempt to create a liminal space between the sacred and the secular, a threshold where humans could encounter the numinous and connect with the spiritual realm. Remember that this was the advent of the most basic technology, or as Slotedijik might label it, anthropotechnics. The idea that sacred and secular space could even be separated was itself a technological invention, or rather made possible because of one. Anthropotechnics refers to the various practices, techniques, and systems humans use to shape, train, and improve themselves. It encompasses the methods by which humans attempt to modify their biological, psychological, and social conditions. The Nature of Architecture and Its Fundamental Role in Human Life Architecture, at its core, is more than merely the design and construction of buildings. It is a profound expression of human creativity, culture, and our relationship with the world around us. Throughout history, scholars and theorists have sought to unravel the fundamental nature of architecture and its impact on the human experience. By examining various theories and perspectives, we can gain a deeper understanding of the role that architecture plays in shaping our lives and the societies in which we live. One of the most influential thinkers to explore the essence of architecture was the philosopher Hannah Arendt. In her work, Arendt emphasized the importance of the built environment in creating a sense of stability, permanence, and shared experience in human life. She argued that architecture serves as a tangible manifestation of the human capacity for creation and the desire to establish a lasting presence in the world. Arendt's ideas highlight the fundamental role that architecture plays in providing a physical framework for human existence. By creating spaces that endure over time, architecture allows us to anchor ourselves in the world and develop a sense of belonging and continuity. It serves as a backdrop against which the drama of human life unfolds, shaping our experiences, memories, and interactions with others. Other theorists, such as Martin Heidegger and Gaston Bachelard, have explored the philosophical and psychological dimensions of architecture. Heidegger, in his essay "Building Dwelling Thinking," argued that the act of building is intimately connected to the human experience of dwelling in the world. He suggested that architecture is not merely a matter of creating functional structures, but rather a means of establishing a meaningful relationship between individuals and their environment. Bachelard, in his book "The Poetics of Space," delved into the emotional and imaginative aspects of architecture. He explored how different spaces, such as homes, attics, and basements, evoke specific feelings and memories, shaping our inner lives and sense of self. Bachelard's ideas highlight the powerful psychological impact that architecture can have on individuals, serving as a catalyst for introspection, creativity, and self-discovery. From a sociological perspective, theorists like Henri Lefebvre and Michel Foucault have examined the ways in which architecture reflects and reinforces power structures and social hierarchies. Lefebvre, in his book "The Production of Space," argued that architecture is not merely a neutral container for human activity, but rather a product of social, political, and economic forces. He suggested that the design and organization of space can perpetuate inequality, segregation, and control, shaping the way individuals and communities interact with one another. Foucault, in his work on disciplinary institutions such as prisons and hospitals, explored how architecture can be used as a tool for surveillance, regulation, and the exercise of power. His ideas highlight the potential for architecture to serve as an instrument of social control, influencing behavior and shaping the lives of those who inhabit or interact with the built environment. By engaging with the diverse theories and perspectives on architecture, we can develop a more nuanced understanding of its role in shaping the human experience. From the philosophical insights of Arendt and Heidegger to the psychological explorations of Bachelard and the sociological critiques of Lefebvre and Foucault, each perspective offers a unique lens through which to examine the essence of architecture and its impact on our lives. As we continue to grapple with the challenges of an increasingly urbanized and globalized world, the study of architecture and its fundamental nature becomes more important than ever. By unlocking the secrets of this ancient and enduring art form, we may find new ways to create spaces that nurture the human spirit, foster connection and belonging, and shape a built environment that truly reflects our highest values and aspirations. Violet's Encounter with the Dolmen It is a common misconception to think of children as blank slates, mere tabula rasas upon which culture and experience inscribe themselves. In truth, children are born with the same primal unconscious that has been part of the human psyche since prehistory. They are simply closer to this wellspring of archetypes, instincts, and imaginative potentials than most adults, who have learned to distance themselves from it through the construction of a rational, bounded ego. While I talked to the archaeologist on site of the Dolmen de Menga, I saw the that these rituals and symbols are still alive in the unconscious of modern children just as they were in the stone age. I looked at the ground to see that Violet was instinctually making a little Dolmen out of dirt. My daughter Violet's recent fear of the dark illustrates this innate connection to the primal unconscious. When she wakes up afraid in the middle of the night, I try to reassure her by explaining that the shadows that loom in the darkness are nothing more than parts of herself that she does not yet know how to understand yet or integrate. They are manifestations of the unknown, the numinous, the archetypal - all those aspects of the psyche that can be terrifying in their raw power and otherness, but that also hold the keys to creativity, transformation, and growth. Violet intuitively understands this link between fear and creativity. She has begun using the very things that frighten her as inspiration for her storytelling and artwork, transmuting her nighttime terrors into imaginative narratives and symbols. This process of turning the raw materials of the unconscious into concrete expressions is a perfect microcosm of the way in which art and architecture have always functioned for humans - as ways of both channeling and containing the primal energies that surge within us. When Violet walked through the Dolmen de Menga and listened to the archaeologist's explanations of how it was built, something in her immediately responded with recognition and understanding. The dolmen's construction - the careful arrangement of massive stones to create an enduring sacred space - made intuitive sense to her in a way that it might not for an adult more removed from the primal architect within. I see this same impulse in Violet whenever we go to the park and she asks me where she can build something that will last forever. Her structures made of sticks and stones by the riverbank, where the groundskeepers will not disturb them, are her way of creating something permanent and visible - her own small monuments to the human drive to make a mark on the world and to shape our environment into a reflection of our inner reality. By exploring the origins of architecture in monuments like the Dolmen de Menga, we can gain insight into the universal human impulse to create meaning, order, and beauty in the built environment. The megalithic structures of the Neolithic period represent some of the earliest and most impressive examples of human creativity and ingenuity applied to the shaping of space and the creation of enduring cultural landmarks. Moreover, studying the astronomical alignments and symbolic significance of ancient monuments can shed light on the fundamental human desire to connect with the larger cosmos and to find our place within the grand cycles of nature and the universe. The incorporation of celestial events into the design and use of structures like the Dolmen de Menga reflects a profound awareness of the interconnectedness of human life with the wider world, a theme that continues to resonate in the art and architecture of cultures throughout history. [caption id="attachment_5361" align="alignnone" width="2560"] Here is my explorer buddy[/caption] Bibliography Arendt, H. (1958). The Human Condition. University of Chicago Press. Bachelard, G. (1994). The Poetics of Space. Beacon Press. Belmonte, J. A., & Hoskin, M. (2002). Reflejo del cosmos: atlas de arqueoastronomía del Mediterráneo antiguo. Equipo Sirius. Criado-Boado, F., & Villoch-Vázquez, V. (2000). Monumentalizing landscape: from present perception to the past meaning of Galician megalithism (north-west Iberian Peninsula). European Journal of Archaeology, 3(2), 188-216. Edinger, E. F. (1984). The Creation of Consciousness: Jung's Myth for Modern Man. Inner City Books. Eliade, M. (1959). The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion. Harcourt, Brace & World. Foucault, M. (1975). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Vintage Books. Heidegger, M. (1971). Building Dwelling Thinking. In Poetry, Language, Thought. Harper & Row. Jung, C. G. (1968). The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. Princeton University Press. Lefebvre, H. (1991). The Production of Space. Blackwell. Lewis-Williams, D., & Dowson, T. A. (1988). The signs of all times: entoptic phenomena in Upper Palaeolithic art. Current Anthropology, 29(2), 201-245. Márquez-Romero, J. E., & Jiménez-Jáimez, V. (2010). Prehistoric Enclosures in Southern Iberia (Andalusia): La Loma Del Real Tesoro (Seville, Spain) and Its Resources. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 76, 357-374. Neumann, E. (1954). The Origins and History of Consciousness. Princeton University Press. Rappenglueck, M. A. (1998). Palaeolithic Shamanistic Cosmography: How Is the Famous Rock Picture in the Shaft of the Lascaux Grotto to be Decoded?. Artepreistorica, 5, 43-75. Ruggles, C. L. (2015). Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy. Springer. Sloterdijk, P. (2011). Bubbles: Spheres Volume I: Microspherology. Semiotext(e). Sloterdijk, P. (2014). Globes: Spheres Volume II: Macrospherology. Semiotext(e). Sloterdijk, P. (2016). Foams: Spheres Volume III: Plural Spherology. Semiotext(e). Turner, V. (1969). The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. Aldine Publishing Company. Winkelman, M. (2010). Shamanism: A Biopsychosocial Paradigm of Consciousness and Healing. Praeger. Further Reading: Belmonte, J. A. (1999). Las leyes del cielo: astronomía y civilizaciones antiguas. Temas de Hoy. Bradley, R. (1998). The Significance of Monuments: On the Shaping of Human Experience in Neolithic and Bronze Age Europe. Routledge. Devereux, P. (2001). The Sacred Place: The Ancient Origins of Holy and Mystical Sites. Cassell & Co. Gimbutas, M. (1989). The Language of the Goddess. Harper & Row. Harding, A. F. (2003). European Societies in the Bronze Age. Cambridge University Press. Hoskin, M. (2001). Tombs, Temples and Their Orientations: A New Perspective on Mediterranean Prehistory. Ocarina Books. Ingold, T. (2000). The Perception of the Environment: Essays on Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill. Routledge. Norberg-Schulz, C. (1980). Genius Loci: Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture. Rizzoli. Renfrew, C., & Bahn, P. (2016). Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice. Thames & Hudson. Scarre, C. (2002). Monuments and Landscape in Atlantic Europe: Perception and Society During the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. Routledge. Sherratt, A. (1995). Instruments of Conversion? The Role of Megaliths in the Mesolithic/Neolithic Transition in Northwest Europe. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 14(3), 245-260. Tilley, C. (1994). A Phenomenology of Landscape: Places, Paths and Monuments. Berg. Tilley, C. (2010). Interpreting Landscapes: Geologies, Topographies, Identities. Left Coast Press. Twohig, E. S. (1981). The Megalithic Art of Western Europe. Clarendon Press. Watkins, A. (1925). The Old Straight Track: Its Mounds, Beacons, Moats, Sites, and Mark Stones. Methuen. Whittle, A. (1996). Europe in the Neolithic: The Creation of New Worlds. Cambridge University Press. Wilson, P. J. (1988). The Domestication of the Human Species. Yale University Press. Zubrow, E. B. W. (1994). Cognitive Archaeology Reconsidered. In The Ancient Mind: Elements of Cognitive Archaeology. Cambridge University Press. Zvelebil, M. (1986). Hunters in Transition: Mesolithic Societies of Temperate Eurasia and Their Transition to Farming. Cambridge University Press. Zvelebil, M., & Jordan, P. (1999). Hunter-Fisher-Gatherer Ritual Landscapes: Spatial Organisation, Social Structure and Ideology Among Hunter-Gatherers of Northern Europe and Western Siberia. Archaeopress.

In July 2023, the world experienced three consecutive days which were the hottest day on record. In fact, an interview with the Washington Post cited that it was the hottest day for 125,000 years. What does that mean? Well, today's episode will put that number into prehistorical and historical context, as well as compare our current global warming to an example of change from the Cretaceous. 1) Blum, M. G. B., and Jakobsson, M. (2010), Deep Divergence of Human Gene Trees and Models of Human Origins. Molecular Biology and Evolution 28(2): 889- 898. 2) Cavalheiro, L., Wagner, T., Steinig, S., Bottini, C., Dummann, W., Esegbue, O., Gambacorta, G., Giraldo-Gómez, V., Farnsworth, A., Flögel, S., Hofmann, P., Lunt, D. J., Rethemeyer, J., Torricelli, S. and Erba, E. (2021), Impact of global cooling on Early Cretaceous high pCO2 world during the Weissert event. Nature Communications 12: 5411. 3) Dee, M., Wengrow, D., Shortland, A., Stevenson, A., Brock, F., Flink, L. G. and Ramsey, C. B. (2013), An absolute chronology for early Egypt using radiocarbon dating and Bayesian statistical modelling. Proceedings of the Royal Society A 469: 20130395. 4) Gómez-Robles, A. (2019), Dental evolutionary rates and its implications for the Neanderthal–modern human divergence. Science Advances 5(5): eaaw1268. 5) Haber, M., Jones, A. L., Connell, B. A., Asan, E. A., Yang, H., Thomas, M. G., Xue Y. and Tyler-Smith, C. (2019), A Rare Deep-Rooting D0 African Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup and Its Implications for the Expansion of Modern Humans Out of Africa. Genetics 212(4): 1421-1428. 6) Hublin, J.-J. (2017), The last Neanderthal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114(40): 10520- 10522. 7) Jones, D. (2007), The Neanderthal within. New Scientist 193(2593): 28-32. 8) Osborne, M., Smithsonian Magazine (2023), Earth Faces Hottest Day Ever Recorded- Three Days In A Row (online) [Accessed 07/07/2023]. 9) Pettitt, P. B. (1999) Disappearing from the World: An Archaeological Perspective on Neanderthal Extinction. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 18: 217-240. 10) Plant, V., Exeposé (2019), Things are Heating Up (online) [Accessed 07/07/2023]. 11) Sands, L., Washington Post (2023), This July 4 was hot. Earth's hottest day on record, in fact (online) [Accessed 07/07/2023]. 12) Stringer, C. (2012), The Status of Homo heidelbergensis (Shoetenstack 1908). Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News and Reviews 21(3): 87- 125. 13) Su, D., The Conversation (2022), How many ice ages has the Earth had, and could humans live through one? (online) [Accessed 07/07/2023]. 14) Zhang, S., truthout (2023), July 3 Was the Hottest Day on Record. Then July 4 Came Along. (online) [Accessed 07/07/2023]. 15) Author unknown, CNN (2023), Global temperatures break heat record (online) [Accessed 07/07/2023]. 16) Author unknown, Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (date unknown), Homo neanderthalensis (online) [Accessed 07/07/2023]. 17) Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Mesozoic (online) [Accessed 09/07/2023]. 18) Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Palaeogene (online) [Accessed 09/07/2023].

Nuno Garoupa é professor de Direito na George Mason University, nos EUA. Tem um Doutoramento em Economia pela Universidade de York (RU) e um Mestrado em Direito pela Universidade de Londres (RU). Entre as suas áreas de investigação destacam-se a análise económica do direito e das instituições legais.  -> Apoie este podcast e faça parte da comunidade de mecenas do 45 Graus em: 45grauspodcast.com -> Inscreva-se aqui para ser avisado(a) de futuras edições do Workshop de Pensamento Crítico. _______________ Índice (com timestamps): (5:43) Como está organizado o nosso sistema de justiça? (24:35) Mais checks and balances e menos separação de poderes? | Mais transparência nas nomeações para o T. Constitucional e PGR | polémicas recentes nomeações TC (um, dois) | Portas giratórias entre poderes político e judicial | Mecanismos de avaliação juízes   (46:44) Mega-processos (54:51) Como tem evoluído o congestionamento dos tribunais? | Crimes de colarinho branco (1:09:50) Avaliação legislativa. Teste Simplex. | Lobbying.  (1:15:54) Desafios de fundo de fazer reformas em Portugal. Corporativismo; sociedade civil; capital social. | Polémica com as alterações aos estatutos das ordens profissionais _______________ Olhando para a quase centena e meia de episódios que o 45 Graus já leva, há um facto curioso. É que, depois de já ter discutido o país com dezenas de convidados e em múltiplos aspectos -- desde a economia à política, a várias dimensões da vida em sociedade -- nunca tive nenhum episódio dedicado ao sistema de justiça. Isto é estranho, não só porque o poder judicial é um dos três poderes do Estado (juntamente com o executivo e legislativo), como porque a justiça é um tema que estamos sempre a ver discutido nos jornais e televisões, seja pelos atrasos dos tribunais (que afectam, por exemplo, a competitividade da economia) seja pela terrível dificuldade em obter acusações nos crimes de colarinho branco (o que em muito mina a confiança dos cidadãos). Talvez a ausência deste tema no podcast seja coincidência -- ou talvez diga algo da impenetrabilidade do sistema de justiça para os não-juristas como eu. Ou talvez esteja relacionado com o menor peso que o poder judicial, nomeadamente o TC, tem na política em Portugal em comparação com outros países. Seja como for, era uma lacuna que estava mais que na hora de suprir. E para isso trouxe mais um repetente ao podcast: Nuno Garoupa.  O Nuno tinha estado no podcast há uns anos, no episódio 64. Na altura, falámos da qualidade das instituições em Portugal, mas numa perspectiva muito ampla, que foi desde a cultura e da História à economia. Convidei-o agora para regressar ao podcast para falar sobre o nosso sistema de justiça, à boleia de um ensaio, publicado pela FFMS, que escreveu já há largos anos mas que continua muito actual. Neste livro, chamado O Governo da Justiça, o Nuno analisa a organização e funcionamento do sistema de justiça em Portugal, misturando as conclusões da literatura científica do direito comparado com a sua própria opinião, muito crítica, em relação à forma como o poder judicial opera no nosso país e à sua relação com o poder político. Nesta conversa, começámos por falar de alguns aspectos do nosso sistema de justiça que há muito me suscitam curiosidade (e imagino que a muitos de vós também). Como compara a arquitectura do nosso sistema jurídico com outros países, desde a hierarquia entre tribunais aos vários tipos de direito Por exemplo, em Portugal o Direito está separado em duas jurisdições distintas: a civil e a administrativa (que diz respeito às relações com o Estado). É assim em todos os países? Que modelos podíamos copiar de outras geografias com a nossa tradição jurídica? E como se auto-governam os magistrados e outros oficiais de justiça? Que relação têm com a Administração Pública normal? E qual é o grau de autonomia que tem face ao poder político? a À boleia da relação entre os poderes judicial e político, discutimos uma das reformas que o convidado propõe no ensaio. O Nuno defende que as magistraturas tenham mais poder e independência administrativa face ao governo, mas, ao mesmo tempo, defende também mais transparência e mais accountability perante o parlamento e os cidadãos, num sistema de checks and balances (de inspiração anglo-saxónica). Esta transparência é, segundo ele, essencial para conseguir perceber porque falha, quando falha, a justiça, seja nos atrasos dos tribunais seja no arrastar dos processos de crime de colarinho branco, conseguindo distinguir, por exemplo, quando é que isso resulta de insuficiências na governação interna das magistraturas ou quando é um problema de leis mal desenhadas pelos políticos.  Mas estas medidas de impacto desfasado no tempo são, já se sabe, sempre difíceis de fazer em Portugal, seja pelo corporativismo das organizações seja porque, como referi no início, o governo da justiça (ao contrário dos casos específicos) não é um tema que entusiasme particularmente quer políticos quer os cidadãos. Acabámos, por isso, a discutir os desafios mais de fundo que impedem algumas reformas necessárias em Portugal e o que fazer para os superar, exactatamente -- mas juro que não foi de propósito -- o tema da nossa primeira conversa. Espero que gostem.  _______________ Obrigado aos mecenas do podcast: Francisco Hermenegildo, Ricardo Evangelista, Henrique Pais João Baltazar, Salvador Cunha, Abilio Silva, Tiago Leite, Carlos Martins, Galaró family, Corto Lemos, Miguel Marques, Nuno Costa, Nuno e Ana, João Ribeiro, Helder Miranda, Pedro Lima Ferreira, Cesar Carpinteiro, Luis Fernambuco, Fernando Nunes, Manuel Canelas, Tiago Gonçalves, Carlos Pires, João Domingues, Hélio Bragança da Silva, Sandra Ferreira , Paulo Encarnação , BFDC, António Mexia Santos, Luís Guido, Bruno Heleno Tomás Costa, João Saro, Daniel Correia, Rita Mateus, António Padilha, Tiago Queiroz, Carmen Camacho, João Nelas, Francisco Fonseca, Rafael Santos, Andreia Esteves, Ana Teresa Mota, ARUNE BHURALAL, Mário Lourenço, RB, Maria Pimentel, Luis, Geoffrey Marcelino, Alberto Alcalde, António Rocha Pinto, Ruben de Bragança, João Vieira dos Santos, David Teixeira Alves, Armindo Martins , Carlos Nobre, Bernardo Vidal Pimentel, António Oliveira, Paulo Barros, Nuno Brites, Lígia Violas, Tiago Sequeira, Zé da Radio, João Morais, André Gamito, Diogo Costa, Pedro Ribeiro, Bernardo Cortez Vasco Sá Pinto, David , Tiago Pires, Mafalda Pratas, Joana Margarida Alves Martins, Luis Marques, João Raimundo, Francisco Arantes, Mariana Barosa, Nuno Gonçalves, Pedro Rebelo, Miguel Palhas, Ricardo Duarte, Duarte , Tomás Félix, Vasco Lima, Francisco Vasconcelos, Telmo , José Oliveira Pratas, Jose Pedroso, João Diogo Silva, Joao Diogo, José Proença, João Crispim, João Pinho , Afonso Martins, Robertt Valente, João Barbosa, Renato Mendes, Maria Francisca Couto, Antonio Albuquerque, Ana Sousa Amorim, Francisco Santos, Lara Luís, Manuel Martins, Macaco Quitado, Paulo Ferreira, Diogo Rombo, Francisco Manuel Reis, Bruno Lamas, Daniel Almeida, Patrícia Esquível , Diogo Silva, Luis Gomes, Cesar Correia, Cristiano Tavares, Pedro Gaspar, Gil Batista Marinho, Maria Oliveira, João Pereira, Rui Vilao, João Ferreira, Wedge, José Losa, Hélder Moreira, André Abrantes, Henrique Vieira, João Farinha, Manuel Botelho da Silva, João Diamantino, Ana Rita Laureano, Pedro L, Nuno Malvar, Joel, Rui Antunes7, Tomás Saraiva, Cloé Leal de Magalhães, Joao Barbosa, paulo matos, Fábio Monteiro, Tiago Stock, Beatriz Bagulho, Pedro Bravo, Antonio Loureiro, Hugo Ramos, Inês Inocêncio, Telmo Gomes, Sérgio Nunes, Tiago Pedroso, Teresa Pimentel, Rita Noronha, miguel farracho, José Fangueiro, Zé, Margarida Correia-Neves, Bruno Pinto Vitorino, João Lopes, Joana Pereirinha, Gonçalo Baptista, Dario Rodrigues, tati lima, Pedro On The Road, Catarina Fonseca, JC Pacheco, Sofia Ferreira, Inês Ribeiro, Miguel Jacinto, Tiago Agostinho, Margarida Costa Almeida, Helena Pinheiro, Rui Martins, Fábio Videira Santos, Tomás Lucena, João Freitas, Ricardo Sousa, RJ, Francisco Seabra Guimarães, Carlos Branco, David Palhota, Carlos Castro, Alexandre Alves, Cláudia Gomes Batista, Ana Leal, Ricardo Trindade, Luís Machado, Andrzej Stuart-Thompson, Diego Goulart, Filipa Portela, Paulo Rafael, Paloma Nunes, Marta Mendonca, Teresa Painho, Duarte Cameirão, Rodrigo Silva, José Alberto Gomes, Joao Gama, Cristina Loureiro, Tiago Gama, Tiago Rodrigues, Miguel Duarte, Ana Cantanhede, Artur Castro Freire, Rui Passos Rocha, Pedro Costa Antunes, Sofia Almeida, Ricardo Andrade Guimarães, Daniel Pais, Miguel Bastos, Luís Santos _______________ Esta conversa foi editada por: Hugo Oliveira _______________ Bio: Nuno Garoupa é professor de Direito, Reitor Adjunto para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento de Quadros e Director de programas de pós-graduação na George Mason University - Antonin Scalia Law School. Anteriormente, foi professor na Texas A&M University School of Law (2015-2018) e na Universidade de Illinois. Antes disso, de 2014 a 2016, foi Presidente da Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos, em Lisboa, Portugal. Foi também Professor de Direito e Investigador ‘H. Ross and Helen Workman', na Faculdade de Direito da Universidade do Illinois e Co-Diretor do Programa de Direito, Ciências Sociais e Comportamentais do Illinois. Tem um Doutoramento em Economia pela Universidade de York (RU) e um Mestrado em Direito pela Universidade de Londres (RU). Entre as suas áreas de investigação destaca-se a análise económica do direito e das instituições legais. Os resultados destas investigações têm sido publicados em revistas científicas de destaque, tais como: Journal of Legal Studies; Journal of Law and Economics; American Law and Economics Review; Oxford Journal of Legal Studies; American Journal of Comparative Law; Cambridge Law Journal; Journal of Law and Society; European Review of Private Law; European Business Organization Law Review; e Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law. Foi Vice-Presidente da Associação Europeia de Direito e Economia, de 2004 a 2007; integrou o Conselho de Administração da International Society for New Institutional Economics, de 2006 a 2009, e foi Co-Editor da Review of Law and Economics, entre 2004 a 2010. Nuno Garoupa  recebeu o prémio espanhol de investigação Julian Marias, em 2010, e foi Bolseiro Searle-Kauffman em Direito, Inovação e Crescimento no Searle Center on Law, Regulation, and Economic Growth, na Faculdade de Direito da Northwestern University, de 2009 a 2010.

Ibrahim Zein and Ahmed El-Wakil:*THE COVENANTS OF THE PROPHET MUḤAMMAD: From Shared Historical Memory to Peaceful Co-existence by Ibrahim Mohamed Zein and Ahmed El-Wakil https://www.routledge.com/The-Covenants-of-the-Prophet-Muammad-From-Shared-Historical-Memory-to/Zein-El-Wakil/p/book/9781032412344#*The Ṣiffīn Arbitration Agreement and statecraft in early Islamic political documents, Oxford Journal of Islamic Studies (2022): https://academic.oup.com/jis/article/33/2/153/6522821*On the Origins of the Hijrī Calendar: A Multi-Faceted Perspective Based on the Covenants of the Prophet and Specific Date Verification, Religions (2021): https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/1/42 *Remembering the Covenants of the Prophet Muḥammad: Shared Historical Memory of Good Governance and Peaceful Co-existence, Al-Shajarah (2020): https://journals.iium.edu.my/shajarah/index.php/shaj/article/view/1140Ahmed El-Wakil:*"Whoever Harms a Dhimmī I Shall Be His Foe on the Day of Judgment”: An Investigation into an Authentic Prophetic Tradition and Its Origins from the Covenants, Religions: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/10/9/516 *Searching for the Covenants: Identifying Authentic Documents of the Prophet Based on Scribal Conventions and Textual Analysis, MA Diss. (2017). Supervisor: Dr. Louay Fatoohi; Internal Examiner: Prof. Ibrahim Zein: https://hbku.academia.edu/AhmedElWakil Other scholars:Interfaith Actor Reception of Islamic Covenants: How ‘New' Religious Knowledge Influences Views on Interreligious Relations in Islam, by Halim Rane, Religions. (2022): https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/13/9/873Covenants of the Prophet and the Problems of Transmission: An Analysis of a Manuscript Copied by Fāris al-Shidyāq, by John Andrew Morrow, Religions (2021): https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/9/751 An Historical Evaluation of the Covenants of the Prophet Muḥammad and ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib in the Matenadaran, by Gayane Mkrtumyan, Religions (2021): https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/2/138 Websites:Dr. John Andrew Morrow's official website: https://johnandrewmorrow.com/‘Umar's Covenant with the Christians of Jerusalem: https://lastprophet.info/treaty-for-qudsSupport this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/blogging-theology/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Joseph Capizzi, Ph.D. in Theology, is the Executive Director of the Institute for Human Ecology and an Ordinary Professor of Moral Theology at The Catholic University of America. He has published widely on just war theory, bioethics, the history of moral theology, and political liberalism. Dr. Capizzi worked as a research fellow at the VADM James B. Stockdale Center for Ethical Leadership at the U.S. Naval Academy from 2013 to 2014.Bradley Lewis, Ph.D. is Associate Dean and Associate Professor at the School of Philosophy at The Catholic University of America. Dr. Lewis specializes in political and legal philosophy, especially in classical Greek political thought and in the theory of natural law. He holds a B.A. from the University of Maryland and a Ph.D. from the University of Notre Dame. He has published scholarly articles in Polity, History of Political Thought, the Southern Journal of Philosophy, Philosophy and Rhetoric, Communio, the Josephinum Journal of Theology, the Pepperdine Law Review, the Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, and the Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association, as well as chapters in a number of books. He is currently working on a book project provisionally titled “The Common Good and the Modern State.” He is also a fellow of the Institute for Human Ecology and serves as associate editor of the American Journal of Jurisprudence.Support the show

Emily Bilman, PhD is a poet-scholar who lives and writes Geneva, Switzerland. Her dissertation, The Psychodynamics of Poetry: Poetic Virtuality and Oedipal Sublimation in the Poetry of T.S. Eliot and Paul Valéry, with her poetry translations, was published by Lambert Academic in 2010 and Modern Ekphrasis in 2013 by Peter Lang, CH. Her poetry books, A Woman By A Well (2015), Resilience (2015), The Threshold of Broken Waters (2018), and Apperception (2020) were published by Troubador, UK. “The Tear-Catcher” won the first prize in depth poetry by The New York Literary Magazine. Poems were published in Deronda Review, The London Magazine, San Antonio Review, The Wisconsin Review, Expanded Field, Poetics Research, The Blue Nib, Tipton Poetry Journal, North of Oxford Journal, Otherwise Engaged Magazine, Literary Heist, The High Window, Wild Court, Remington Review, Book of Matches, Lothlorien Poetry Journal, Poets Live Anthology 4, OxMag, San Diego Poetry Anthology, Contemporary Poetry 2022, Ballast Journal, Soren Lit, Southern Arizona Press Anthologies, Poetry Salzburg Review. She blogs on her website. http://www.emiliebilman.wix.com/emily-bilman SOREN LIT...A Southern Renaissance of women, femmes, and/or non-binary creatives exploring the lingering South... www.sorenlit.com Producer & Founding Editor: Melodie J. Rodgers, MFA --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/melodie-rodgers/message

We invite Violet Stephens onto the show in order to discuss whether or not it really is true that abortion is healthcare - we discuss ectopic pregnancies, miscarriages, the stagnation of medical science in this area, and also consider the trigger law again.Episode Guide:2:05 - "is abortion healthcare?"8:20 - "what about ectopic pregnancies?"19:35 - "what about miscarriages?"24:30 - "digging deeper into the trigger law, medical emergencies, and abortifacients"Links:Our website, where you can subscribe to our newsletter and stay up-to-date - https://abolishabortionmo.org/The trigger law - https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=188.017The definitions used for the trigger law - https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=188.015&bid=47547&hl=A Case of Transplanting an Ectopic Pregnancy from 1917 - https://epublications.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2010&context=lnqA Letter to the Editor of the "Oxford Journal" considering a case of relocation of an ectopic pregnancy from 1990: https://academic.oup.com/humrep/article-abstract/9/8/1584/760986?redirectedFrom=PDF#no-access-messageAn article on an abdominal pregnancy that resulted in a live birth at 36 weeks (along with 4 other cases) - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28347153/

Professor Yosef Garfinkel is a Professor of Archaeology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Yigael Yadin Chair in Archaeology of Israel. In 2021 he was one of the authors of a study published in the Oxford Journal of Archaeology which examines how the Assyrian army laid siege to the town of Lachish in Judah in 701 BC. Specifically, the study examines how the Assyrian army constructed an impressive siege ramp in under a month and were confronted with unique conditions. The remnants of the Assyrian siege ramp remain at the site and it's the oldest known siege ramp in the Near East and the only one known to have been discovered from the military conquests of the Assyrian empire.

This lecture was delivered at the College of William and Mary on October 22, 2021. For more information on upcoming events, please visit our website at www.thomisticinstitute.org. About the speaker: Bradley Lewis specializes in political and legal philosophy, especially in classical Greek political thought and in the theory of natural law. He holds a B.A. from the University of Maryland and a Ph.D. from the University of Notre Dame. He has published scholarly articles in Polity, History of Political Thought, the Southern Journal of Philosophy, Philosophy and Rhetoric, Communio, the Josephinum Journal of Theology, the Pepperdine Law Review, the Oxford Journal of Law and Religion, and the Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association, as well as chapters in a number of books. He is currently working on a book project provisionally titled “The Common Good and the Modern State.” He is also a fellow of the Institute for Human Ecology and serves as associate editor of the American Journal of Jurisprudence.

In 1854, heir to the Tichborne baronetcy, Roger Tichborne, disappears after a shipwreck.  He's presumed dead until, in 1865, an Australian butcher comes forward and announces himself to be the missing nobleman. Twitter: https://twitter.com/PodcastDarkness Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/agable_fd/ Part of the Straight Up Strange Network: https://www.straightupstrange.com/ Opening music from https://filmmusic.io. "Dark Child" by Kevin MacLeod (https://incompetech.com). License: CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Closing music by Soma. SOURCES “Sir Roger Tichborne.” Sydney Morning Herald, January 31, 1868. “The Claimant & the Tichborne Case.” Jackson's Oxford Journal, March 30, 1872. “The Claimant of the Tichborne Baronetcy.” Wrexham Advertiser, January 19, 1867. “The Tichborne Baronetcy.” Melbourne Age, September 12, 1867. “The Tichborne Case.” Hampshire Telegraph & Sussex Chronicle, November 9, 1867. “The Tichborne Dole.” London Daily News, September 6, 1855. “The Tichborne Heir.” Indiana (PA) Progress, September 24, 1930. “Tichborne Claimant's Story to be Subject of Coming British Film.” Montreal Gazette, September 5, 1936. The books of Dr E. V. Kenealy (occult-mysteries.org) Theresa Doughty Tichborne - Wikipedia

Joseph Chan is Professor in the Department of Politics and Public Administration at The University of Hong Kong. He is Global Scholar and Visiting Professor at the University Center for Human Values of Princeton University in 2019-2021 spring semesters. His recent research interests span Confucian political philosophy, comparative political theory, democratic theory, social and political equality, and popular sovereignty. He is the author of Confucian Perfectionism: A Political Philosophy for Modern Times (Princeton, 2014) and co-edited with Melissa Williams and Doh Shin East Asian Perspectives on Political Legitimacy: Bridging the Empirical-Normative Divide (Cambridge, 2016). He has been published in numerous journals such as Ethics, Philosophy and Public Affairs, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, History of Political Thought, the Journal of Democracy, Philosophy East and West, and China Quarterly. This podcast is an audio recording of Professor Chan's talk - 'Equality, Friendship, and Politics' - at the Aristotelian Society on 10 May 2021. The recording was produced by the Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Did you know that in the Preamble to the Australian Constitution, the colonies are agreeing to federate while “humbly relying on the blessing of Almighty God”?  What exactly does that mean, and should it affect our understanding of the Constitution more generally? Dr Alex Deagon, a Senior Lecturer at QUT who has written on the issue, helps provide some answers. More about Dr Alex Deagon can be found on his QUT Staff Profile. You can read Alex's writings on the Preamble in the ICLRS Blog series on the topic and in his contribution to the Oxford Journal of Law and Religion. Questions or Comments?  E-mail me at jeremy.patrick@usq.edu.au Theme Music: "Sunbeams in the Stained Glass" Oleksandr Viktorovych Lukyanenko, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

In the season 2 finale of British Murders, I tell the story of Sarah Dazley aka The Potton Poisoner.Dazley was found guilty of murdering her ex-husband William Dazley in October 1842.Her weapon of choice was arsenic.Dazley was also accused of killing her first husband, Simeon Mead, as well as the pair's son, Jonah Mead, however, she wasn't charged with either of those murders.Dazley was sentenced to death by hanging, with her execution taking place at Bedford Prison on August 5, 1843.Follow British Murders on social media:Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/britishpodcastInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/britishmurdersTikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@britishmurdersTwitter: https://twitter.com/britishmurdersYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoZBEA6gflnKGCtrLtTN8WgMerchandise available here:https://teespring.com/stores/britishmurdersSupport the show on Patreon for early access to ad-free-episodes:https://www.patreon.com/britishmurdersMake a one-off donation here:https://www.buymeacoffee.com/britishmurders All episodes are available on my website:https://www.spreaker.com/show/british-murdersPlease send any British murder case suggestions to:britishmurderspodcast@gmail.comIntro music:David John Brady - 'Throw Down the Gauntlet'https://linktr.ee/davidjohnbradymusicMy recording equipment:Shure SM57 Dynamic MicFocusrite Scarlett Solo USB Audio InterfaceEdited in:AudacityReferences:Arsenic: general information. (n.d.). GOV.UK. Retrieved April 11, 2021, from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/arsenic-properties-incident-management-and-toxicology/arsenic-general-informationMeyer, M. (2011, April 29). An Everyday Poison. Science History Institute. https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/an-everyday-poisonJohnson, B. (n.d.). Victorian Poisoners. Historic UK. Retrieved April 11, 2021, from https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/Victorian-Poisoners/BBC. (n.d.). The Domesday Book. Retrieved April 11, 2021, from https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/normans/doomsday_01.shtmlSarah Dazley - A Victorian Poisoner. (n.d.). Capital Punishment U.K. Retrieved April 7, 2021, from http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/dazley.htmlThe Potton Poisoner, Wrestlingworth, Beds, UK. (2010, July 29). Waymarking. https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM9BZB_The_Potton_Poisoner_Wrestlingworth_Beds_UKBrown, R. (2003, February 28). Sarah Dazley and the Merry Family of Bedford. Musical Traditions. http://www.mustrad.org.uk/articles/bbals_02.htmMansion-House - Extraordinary Charge of Murders. (1843, March 25). Jackson’s Oxford Journal, 2. Retrieved from Newspapers.com.The Wrestlingworth Poisoning Case. (1843, April 15). The Morning Post, 4. Retrieved from Newspapers.com.The Wrestlingworth Murder. (1843, July 25). The Morning Post, 7. Retrieved from Newspapers.com.The Wrestlingworth Poisoning Cases. (1843, July 26). The Bury and Norwich Post. Retrieved from Newspapers.com.The Wrestlingworth Murder. (1843, July 29). The Bristol Mercury and Daily Post, Western Countries and South Wales Advertiser, 3. Retrieved from Newspapers.com.Miscellaneous. (1843, July 29). The Leeds Mercury, 7. Retrieved from Newspapers.com.The Wrestlingworth Murder. (1843, July 29). The Ipswich Journal, 4. Retrieved from Newspapers.com.Conviction for Murder. (1843, July 29). The Star of Freedom, 3. Retrieved from Newspapers.com.No Title. (1843, August 10). The Bradford Observer, 5. Retrieved from Newspapers.com.Tolmachev, I. (2019, December 24). A Brief History of Photography: The Beginning. Envato Tuts+. https://photography.tutsplus.com/articles/a-history-of-photography-part-1-the-beginning--photo-1908Carlton, G. (2020, December 16). 27 Victorian Death Photos — And The Disturbing History Behind Them. All That’s Interesting. https://allthatsinteresting.com/victorian-death-photosMcMahon, M. (2021, February 20). What Is the Marsh Test? InfoBloom. https://www.infobloom.com/what-is-the-marsh-test.htmLow, P. (n.d.). The Murder Act 1972. University of Leicester. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://www.criminalcorpses.com/murder-act-timeline/

Dr. Ardi Imseis is an Assistant Professor of Law, Faculty of Law, Queen's University. He is a Member of the Group of Eminent International and Regional Experts on Yemen, a UN Human Rights Council commission of inquiry mandated to investigate violations of international human rights and humanitarian law in the civil war in Yemen. Between 2002 and 2014, he served in senior legal and policy capacities with the UN in the Middle East (UNRWA & UNHCR). He has provided expert testimony in his personal capacity before various high-level bodies, including the UN Security Council, and to members of the UK House of Lords and the French Senate. His scholarship has appeared in a wide array of international journals, including the American Journal of International Law, the European Journal of International Law, the Harvard International Law Journal, and the Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. Professor Imseis is former Editor-in-Chief of the Palestine Yearbook of International Law (Brill; 2008-2019), Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Doctoral Fellow and Harlan Fiske Stone Scholar and Human Rights Fellow, Columbia Law School. He holds a Ph.D. (Cambridge), an LL.M. (Columbia), LL.B. (Dalhousie), and B.A. (Hons.) (Toronto).

In this episode I talk about is there a coexistence of crohn's disease and systemic lupus. Also in this episode you will hear the issues that I have been having. Resources Crohn's and Colitis (19, December 2020) WHAT ARE SYMPTOMS OF CROHN’S DISEASE? Retrieved from: Crohn's Disease Symptoms And Types And How They May Affect You (crohnsandcolitis.com) Oxford Journal of Crohn's and Colitis (19, December 2020) Inflammatory bowel disease and lupus: A systematic review of the literature. Retrieved from: Inflammatory bowel disease and lupus: A systematic review of the literature | Journal of Crohn's and Colitis | Oxford Academic (oup.com) European Journal Of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (19, December 2020) Coexistence of Crohn’s disease and systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report and literature review. Retrieved from: https://journals.lww.com/eurojgh Sponsor Goli Gummy Promo Code: suelynne1 Promo Link: https://go.goli.com/suelynne1 VitalizeHair https://thinedges.com/?ref=Y5QexsqQ6LzT Tubbuddy https://www.tubebuddy.com/mystorylivingwithlupuspod #lupus #crohnsdisease #connection #mystorylivingwithlupuspodcast --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/susan-hendrix/message

Hello and welcome to the Alcohol Alert, brought to you by The Institute of Alcohol Studies. In this edition:Super Saturday night’s alright for drinking – UK Government declares pubs open for business again while research uncovers worrying levels of home drinking since MarchLocal spending cuts a potential driver of alcohol-related hospital admissionsOn-screen alcohol leaves lasting impression – study of Britain’s most popular homegrown TV soaps find alcohol playing a starring role 🎵 Podcast feature 🎵A review of the first Early Career Alcohol Research Symposium conference from Ines Henriques-CadbyGovernment promises addiction strategy – which will include alcoholAlcohol calorie labelling in Obesity Strategy – Department of Health and Social Care promise a consultation over the display of ‘liquid calories’ on beverages by the year’s endLicensing laws relaxed in Northern Ireland – Stormont Assembly agrees to abolish Easter opening hours restrictions, but consultation on minimum unit pricing appears on the horizon We hope you enjoy our roundup of stories below: please feel free to share. Thank you.Super Saturday night’s alright for drinkingBilled as ‘Super Saturday’, 04 July 2020 marked the official day in which hospitality sector providers reopened their doors for business. For those eager to resume their usual socialising habits from the pre-pandemic days, this meant a return to licensed venues, especially pubs.Industry-funded regulator Portman Group warned people to drink responsibly (Night Time Industries Association, 03 Jul), anticipating the increasing opportunities for people to socialise and meet up in larger groups. However, despite a situation still far from ‘business as usual’, several areas were full with crowds of people by Saturday midnight.With greater numbers of people socialising under the influence of alcohol during the course of the evening, it became obvious that government-enforced social distancing rules were not being followed. Chair of the Police Federation in England and Wales, John Apter, tweeted after his late night shift in Southampton at 2:07am: A busy shift, we dealt with anti social behaviour, naked men, happy drunks, angry drunks, fights… What was crystal clear is that drunk people can’t/won’t socialy [sic] distance.The government also came under fire for initial plans to allow bars and pubs to sell alcohol off-premises: Speaking to The Telegraph (14 Jul), former Home Secretary Lord Blunkett said that whilst he was ‘totally in favour of kick-starting elements of the economy that have been so badly damaged by the lockdown’, giving permission for licensed premises to sell takeaway alcohol would ‘fuel the already worrying concerns about activity late at night, particularly in the major cities’.And as lockdown ease further, the damaging effects of combining social distancing with alcohol-fuelled socialising have become clear. For example, after the weekend, several pubs, including The Ravensdale in Mansfield, were forced to close due to ‘irresponsible behaviour’, potentially caused by the large gatherings of drinkers in and around the pub itself (Nottingham Post, 04 Jul). Moreover, as the government announced the following Monday that British tourists would be able to visit certain European countries without a compulsory fortnight’s quarantine upon returning, concerns arose over the drunken antics of British tourists at Magaluf, a popular holiday destination in Mallorca, Spain, just a few days later. Local residents reported ‘chaos’ to social media channels, some posting videos of tourists with ‘no face masks on, jumping on top of cars, drunk, drinking alcohol in the street’ (VICE UK, 14 Jul).Some local authorities reported experiencing similar problems even before the government eased lockdown measures: the day before the hospitality sector was due to reopen, Hackney Council announced a temporary ban on alcohol at London Fields due to ‘weeks of unacceptably high levels of litter, public urination and defecation and disturbance to local people’ (Hackney Gazette, 03 Jul). Meanwhile, polling data suggested that the government’s decision to permit the reopening of pubs and bars was not driven by public demand. A YouGov poll surveying 2,879 British adults on the same Monday after reopening found that just 5% had visited a pub the weekend of ‘Super Saturday’. The pollsters also found that most people were prepared to wait until later this year to revisit their local drinking establishment: 42% of 1,618 adults predicted that they would do so compared with just 3% who were planned on doing so on the day of its official reopening.Nonetheless, the government has pressed on with extending alcohol licensing provisions in the Business and Planning Act 2020 so pubs can purchase a pavement licence for eating and drinking on the public highway (Harpers, 22 Jul). Licences will last until September 2021.The effects of lockdown drinking reverberateMeanwhile, the lockdown has led to an ‘unprecedented surge’ in alcohol problems according to a One Poll survey commissioned by Help4Addiction, with four in ten British households, 53% of women and 71% of those made redundant admitting to drinking more than before (Daily Mail, 19 Jul). Experts believe that parents’ drinking to cope with the stresses of childcare and home-schooling since March are amongst the reasons for this.Nick Conn of Help4Addiction said of the ‘unprecedented surge’ in calls to their helpline:I have never seen anything like this. Anyone that was in early recovery we seemed to find was relapsing and anyone that was in addiction was getting worse.We are expecting another surge of calls when people go back to work because at that point they’ll realise they have a problem. They may not be aware of the consequences at this stage. They’ll want to stop but can’t.New Public Health England (PHE) data suggests a similar outlook: Since lockdown began, the estimated number of drinkers consuming more than 50 units of alcohol a week in England (harmful levels) has ‘soared’ by a third (to 5% of adults), and of the 500,000 drinkers who increased their intake to this extent, women and those in their 30s and 40s are most affected (Daily Mail, 26 Jul).Furthermore, the notion that the lockdown has been a stress-induced experience that people use alcohol to navigate it is supported by an Alcohol Change UK-commissioned Opinium survey (03 Jul), which found that:More than a quarter of people think they have drunk more during lockdownHeavier drinkers were more likely to drink more in lockdown: 38% of those who typically drank heavily on pre-lockdown drinking days (seven plus units) said they drank more during lockdownOne in five has drunk as a response to stress or anxiety.Parents of under 18s were more likely to say that they had done so (30%) than non-parents (17%) and parents of adult children (11%). Of those who drank more heavily during lockdown (nine plus units on each drinking day), 40% had drunk as a response to stress or anxiety.These findings add to a growing body of research about a unique period in the nation’s history, much of which has been documented in our briefing, Alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 lockdown in the UK, which has so far found that survey data points to roughly equal proportions of people cutting down and increasing their alcohol intake.But for heavy drinkers likely to do the latter, public health experts urge the government to support alcohol treatment services in order to reverse the potential tide of harm. Consultant psychiatrist and addictions specialist at King’s College London Dr Tony Rao, who analysed the PHE data for the Daily Mail, warned of the major impact that the surge in drinking will have on the health of the nation for years to come.He said: ‘COVID-19 has shone a light on the burning deck of the growing burden of alcohol problems in our society. We have been waiting for a proper alcohol strategy since 2012. This is today’s problem – not tomorrow’s.’Institute of Alcohol Studies Chief Executive Dr Katherine Severi, also stressed the importance of making sure that preventing alcohol harm is a priority for the national COVID-19 recovery plan, ‘to ease the burden on our health and social care services and improve the health of the nation’.Local spending cuts a potential driver of alcohol-related hospital admissionsA new study by King’s College London (02 Jul) has shown an association between increases in alcohol-related hospital admissions and decreases in spending on alcohol services since they came under the responsibility of local authorities in 2012.Social distancing measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic have undoubtedly resulted in a serious reduction in healthcare provision services available. However, even prior to the pandemic, funding for specialist alcohol and drug treatment services were reduced as the Health and Social Care Act 2012 meant that commissions were transferred from the NHS to local authorities, who in turn have received reduced public health grants from the government.As Dr Emmett Roberts writes in The British Journal of Psychiatry, ‘local authority funding cuts to specialist alcohol treatment services may be displacing costs onto the NHS hospital system’, and this may partially explain the increase in hospital admissions related to alcohol over time.Since around one in five people have increased the amount of alcohol consumed during lockdown and 15% drink more at one time, this potentially further exacerbates pressures on alcohol treatment services, as well as rendering them unable to cope with increasing demands. Overall, this is likely to have the most severe impact on patients who require regular support from these services, as they are faced with a service under pressure from high demands, as well as reduced visits due to social distancing rules. On-screen alcohol leaves lasting impression🎵 Podcast feature 🎵Some of the nation’s most popular soap operas (such as EastEnders, Coronation Street and Emmerdale) constitute a potential driver for alcohol consumption in young people, according to an article published in the Oxford Journal of Public Health (01 Jul). A study led by Dr Alex Barker at the University of Nottingham concluded that alcohol content before the television watershed is so common that it exposes audiences to billions of viewer impressions. Alcohol impressions were identified in 83 out of 88 episodes (95% of the time).Beer and cider were the main types of alcohol consumed (46% of the time), as well as 53% of those consuming alcohol being women. In addition, where alcohol appearances were implicit, it was identified that actors were seen either holding a drink, or through alcohol branding (through labels on bottles in the backgrounds) displayed on set. This implies that alcohol appearances in television are not only potential stimuli for increasing alcohol consumption at home, but also provide a means of normalising such behaviours, since soap operas often reflect the lives of British families. Young people and children are particularly susceptible, since many soap operas with alcohol branding are also broadcast before the 9pm watershed period, thus providing a significant impression of alcohol to millions. In other researchA poll held by pricing comparison site Confused.com has shown that a large number of drivers share potentially dangerous views on drink-driving that could have been acted upon during the lockdown. Their survey suggests that a third (33%) of drinking pub goers plan to drive, a quarter (24%) of drivers admit driving after a drink because they don’t ‘feel drunk’, and one in twenty (5%) believe it was fine to drive over the limit when the roads were quieter during the lockdown.Car insurance expert Alex Kindred said (you can listen to the full statement in the podcast) that drivers ‘need to clue up on the drink drive laws, as there is a steep price to pay when putting yourself and others at risk.’A systematic review of evidence on the impact of graphic warning labels for alcohol and food products found that health warning labels reduced selection of labelled products by 26% (Health Psychology Review, 02 Jul). However, the authors cautioned against drawing conclusions on the available data as all studies that looked at alcohol labels were conducted online or in laboratory settings. The research team called for further studies from real-world environments to improve knowledge about the impact of pictorial warning labels on drinking behaviours amongst the population. (IAS blog, 16 Jul). Failure to promote the drinking guidelines may be reflected in their lack of effectiveness on consumption levels, according to the results of a paper conducted by researchers at the School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR) at the University of Sheffield. The team found that apart from a brief drop in consumption in the first few months, the current drinking guidelines – announced in January 2016 – did not appear to bring significant changes in alcohol consumption within the first eighteen months (BMJ JECH, 19 Jul). The team were wary of the fact that at the time, ‘there was no large-scale promotion of the revised guidelines beyond the initial media announcement’. Alcohol contributed to a loss of 178,933 working years of life in 2018, 18% of total working years lost, and the highest level in seven years (Gov.uk, 17 Jul). Public Health England (PHE) estimate that a third of those years were lost among those aged 45-54 years (57,558). The top three causes of working years of life lost (WYLL) due to alcohol alone were liver disease (84·5%), accidental poisoning (44·5%) and intentional self-harm (32·8%). The figures also show disparities by socioeconomic status: the number of WYLL for those in the ‘most deprived’ decile was three times higher (34,697) than those in the ‘least deprived’ decile (8,748), and by sex: men lost almost three times more working years (131,403) than women (47,530). PHE aim to support the potential use of WYLL due to alcohol as a new indicator in Local Alcohol Profiles for England (LAPE).The Health Research Board (HRB) (BMJ Open, 22 Jul) have found that many people with harmful and hazardous drinking behaviours in Ireland are underestimating how much they drink. Based on data from Ireland’s Drug Prevalence Study 2014/15, which interviewed a representative sample of the Irish population on how much they thought they drank, and whether they deemed themselves to be light, moderate or heavy drinkers, they found that only one in three people who binge-drink were aware of their drinking habits. In addition, women were less likely to report heavy-drinking behaviour (just one in 10) as opposed to men (one in five). This study comes as annual alcohol treatment data show a total of 7,546 treatment cases in 2019, a slight increase from 7,464 in 2018 (HRB, 28 Jul). These results indicate that many of those with heavy-drinking behaviour in Ireland may be unaware of the risks of doing so, which potentially endangers them since they are most at risk of harm due to alcohol. HRB interim chief executive Dr Mairead O’Driscoll affirmed that ‘further initiatives to reduce overall consumption and hazardous and harmful drinking patterns, and raise awareness around drinking patterns are required’.UCL researchers come up with new iDEASThe University College London Tobacco and Alcohol Research Group have launched a new trial offering digital support to help drinkers reduce their alcohol consumption (UCL, 24 Jul). The iDEAS trial is seeking over 5,000 volunteers nationally to test two digital support tools for drinkers who want to cut down. Digital support tools for reducing alcohol intake, such as apps and websites, are thought to overcome some of the barriers encountered by traditional face-to-face support and may have potential for decreasing drinking. Research team member Dr Melissa Oldham says that iDEAS will ‘inform the recommendations we can make for alcohol reduction’ (full statement in the podcast), which with the apparent rise in drinking during the UK lockdown, makes the trial a timely one.#ECARS2020 conferenceCoverage of the event from Ines Henriques-CadbyIn a time where research interactions have been constrained or halted, particularly for doctoral students and other early career researchers, the Sheffield Alcohol Research Group (SARG) launched its first Early Career Alcohol Research Symposium (ECARS). The symposium aimed to give early career researchers, from first year doctoral students to more experienced postdocs, a platform to network, share their work and experiences, and interact with colleagues at different career stages.This year’s meeting took place online on 07 and 08 July, and included 16 research talks on four themes: Epidemiology and trends (featuring talks on inequalities in alcohol-related harm); Harmful drinking; Alcohol and cognitive processes; and Alcohol policy.The meeting also included a career progression panel, which was extremely well-received by the delegates. The panel gave delegates an opportunity to ask questions and gather advice on career progression and opportunities. The panel itself featured four guests from a diverse range of backgrounds, disciplines and experiences: Dr Sadie Boniface (IAS), Dr Lucy Gavens (University of Sheffield), Dr Andy Jones (University of Liverpool), and Professor Dorothy Newbury-Birch (Teesside University).The organisers of ECARS are Dr Ines Henriques-Cadby (an MRC Research Fellow with a Maths and Stats background), Dr Inge Kersbergen (an SSA Research Fellow with a quantitative psychology background), Ms Jane Hughes (a qualitative researcher in Public Health, with an economics background), and Professor John Holmes (the new director of SARG, with a background in Social policy). As a diverse team of researchers, they were eager to promote diversity and inclusivity in both speakers and delegates. The symposium counted 72 delegates, from 35 academic institutions (six international). As well as academic researchers, delegates came from public health teams in national government, local authorities, and health and prevention services, as well as UK-based charities such as the IAS, Alcohol Change UK (ACUK), and Have Your Tomorrows (HURT). The feedback received from delegates was extremely positive and highlighted the need for an on-going platform to support interactions between ECRs, and more senior members of the alcohol research community, both within and outside of academia.The organisers plan to make the symposium an annual event and planning for 2021 is already taking place. They also aim to facilitate the creation of an ECR mailing list that will allow dissemination of research and career opportunities and support networking amongst the next generation of alcohol researchers.Government promises addiction strategyThe Bury Times (16 Jul) reports that one of the region’s most prominent politicians – Christian Wakeford MP for Bury South – urged fellow ministers to ‘adopt a wide-ranging strategy’ to tackle alcohol addiction, drawing on the experience of how his family struggled to find help for his late older brother, who died five years ago.Wakeford spoke in the House of Commons about how securing assistance for Mark Jones had been ‘a postcode lottery’. Leader of the House Jacob Rees-Mogg replied (you can hear his full response in the podcast):The government are committed to tackling health harms from alcohol and supporting the most vulnerable to risk from alcohol misuse. We do aim to publish a new UK-wide cross-government addiction strategy that will include alcohol.Wakeford’s appeal came the day after he attended an online event for parliamentarians hosted by the Alcohol Health Alliance UK, Healthy recovery: Alcohol harm, COVID-19, and your constituency.Alcohol calorie labelling in Obesity StrategyLabelling alcoholic beverages with calorie information is potentially among ‘a raft of measures’ the UK Government is set to include as part of a new Obesity Strategy to get the nation fit and healthy (Department of Health and Social Care, 27 Jul).The new campaign comes after a ‘COVID-19 wake-up call’ in which the impact of the virus revealed how excess weight puts people who contracted it at greater risk of serious illness or death.The strategy’s plan to mandate the display of ‘liquid calories’ on alcoholic drinks will be put to a new consultation before the end of the year.Alcohol consumption has been estimated to account for nearly 10% of the calorie intake of those who drink, with around 3·4 million adults consuming an additional days’ worth of calories each week – totalling an additional two months of food each year. But research shows the majority of the public (80%) is unaware of the calorie content of common drinks and many typically underestimate the true content. It is hoped alcohol labelling could lead to a reduction in consumption, improving people’s health and reducing their waistline.Following the announcement, Professor Sir Ian Gilmore, chair of the Alcohol Health Alliance UK said:The government’s plans to consult on ending the current exemption for alcohol products from calorie labelling requirements are very welcome. When the calorie equivalent of a large glass of white wine is the same as a slice of pizza or a cocktail is the equivalent of a cheeseburger, it is clear why alcohol products should be included in the government’s plans to tackle the obesity crisis.Licensing laws relaxed in Northern IrelandStormont Assembly has approved plans to relax rules on the sale of alcohol, such as streamlining pub opening hours by removing Easter weekend restrictions (Northern Ireland Department for Communities, 16 Jul). Some of the other key changes include:the introduction of an occasional additional late opening hour for certain licensed premisesthe doubling of ‘drinking-up time’ after last orders, from 30 minutes to an hourthe alignment of the alcohol and entertainment licensing systems;changes relating to children on licensed premisesthe prohibition of self-service and vending machinesformal approval for codes of practice on responsible retailingchanges to the law affecting private members clubs.These changes come as Minister of Health in the Northern Ireland Assembly Robin Swann committed to holding ‘a full public consultation’ on introducing minimum unit pricing for alcohol (MUP) ‘within a year’, a move welcomed by Hospitality Ulster chief executive Colin Neill (Belfast Telegraph, 29 Jul), who said that he expected ‘the days of alcohol being sold at pocket money prices’ will come to an end under the legislation.In Memoriam: Roger Williams, ‘a true giant in the field of liver health’The public health world was saddened to learn of the passing of professor Roger Williams over the weekend of 26-27 July.Professor Williams CBE FRCS FRCP FRCPE FRACP FMedSci (born 28 August 1931 – 25 July 2020) was a pioneer in many areas of hepatology, including the delivery of an integrated model of liver care and being a key part of the team that performed the first liver transplant in the UK at King’s College Hospital London in 1968.His influence was also felt in liver disease research, publishing many of the key papers advancing care in liver disease, and founding institutes at King’s and University College London to further hepatology research. He founded The Lancet commission on liver disease in 2013, in addition to the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), on which he served as a chairman in 1983 and as honorary president in 2008.In 1993 professor Williams was awarded a CBE for his services to medicine. He remained an active and passionate advocate for improvement in the care of patients with liver disease to the end of his life.Dr Katherine Severi of the Institute of Alcohol Studies said:Professor Roger Williams was a true giant in the field of liver health, and demonstrated tremendous leadership in convening the Lancet Standing Commission on Liver Disease. Liver disease affects some of the most vulnerable members of our society and Roger used his indefatigable energies and powers of persuasion to raise awareness of its impact amongst UK policy makers, bringing an issue into the spotlight which for too long has been hidden behind closed doors. Roger was an inspirational role model who proactively sought out opportunities to support early career researchers and build enthusiasm for change. It is a privilege to have been his colleague and I will miss him dearly.He leaves behind an exceptional legacy and an abundance of fond memories.You can our obituary in full on our website.The UK Alcohol Alert (incorporating Alliance News) is designed and produced by The Institute of Alcohol Studies. Please click the image below to visit our website and find out more about us and what we do, or the ‘Contact us’ button. Thank you. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit instalcstud.substack.com

The title says it all folks, Mask Wearing & COVID-19 - Risks, Benefits & Requirements. What are risks and what are the OSHA requirements? Listen in as we discuss the very relevant topic of Covid-19 and the use of mask.  In this episode, we review some literature from different sources assessing N95, P95, surgical masks, and cloth/fabric/cotton masks.  We are releasing today's episode early in light of recent requirements in the state of Texas for masks in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the recent increases seen in Texas. Governor Abbott Establishes Statewide Face Covering Requirement, Issues Proclamation To Limit Gatherings July 2, 2020 | Austin, Texas | Press Release https://gov.texas.gov/news/post/governor-abbott-establishes-statewide-face-covering-requirement-issues-proclamation-to-limit-gatherings We start by sharing a rant from an OSHA 10 & 30 certified individual.  He outlines the lack of efficacy of each category, N95, P95, surgical and cloth masks.  He ends with the fact that not only are cloth masks not helpful, they could be more harmful. Then, we go into an article from UC San Francisco arguing for masks.  The men interviewed share theories as to why the CDC released confusing information, first saying masks should not be worn by the public, then saying they should.  Later, they share evidence they believe supports the efficacy of masks.  Check out what the FDA has to say about masks here.N95 Respirators, Surgical Masks, and Face Masks https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/personal-protective-equipment-infection-control/n95-respirators-surgical-masks-and-face-masks The next piece of literature we discuss is from an Oxford Journal in 2010 where several different materials were tested to stop penetration of particles .5-1 micrometers in size.  The Coronavirus is .125 micrometers.  Sadly, the only mask that had an incredibly low penetration rate was the N95, which should not be worn by the public without a fit test and a pulmonary function test.  The other types of masks tested were made of sweatshirt material (fleece) and t-shirt material (cotton).  Lastly, we discussed a graphic released by the CDC to help understand the difference between a surgical mask and a N95 respirator.  By their specifications, neither is a good option for Covid-19 protection. The surgical mask is intended to protect the wearer from “large droplets, splashes, or sprays of bodily or other hazardous fluids” and is used in an already sterile environment.  It “does NOT provide the wearer with a reliable level of protection from inhaling smaller airborne particles and is not considered respiratory protection.”  The N95 does filter out particles, but must be properly fitted and donned and discarded immediately when, among many other things, it “becomes contaminated with…respiratory or nasal secretions…” Our summary is that based on the CDC’s graphic alone, two of the three mask options to protect from Coronavirus are not beneficial.  The last option, cloth/fabric/cotton, has been shown in other studies to have a high (70%+) penetration rate of particles bigger than the COVID-19 virus size, showing that’s not going to help either. As the author of the OSHA rant closed, “If your mask gives you security to wear it, just know it is a false sense of security.”       Links to our reference articles University of California San Franciscohttps://www.ucsf.edu/news/2020/06/417906/still-confused-about-masks-heres-science-behind-how-face-masks-prevent CDC Understanding the Differencehttps://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/pdfs/UnderstandDifferenceInfographic-508.pdf Oxford Academichttps://academic.oup.com/annweh/article/54/7/789/202744 USA Todayhttps://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/06/11/fact-check-n-95-filters-not-too-large-stop-covid-19-particles/5343537002/ And for the post that started it all: I am OSHA 10&30 certified. I know some of you are too.

The title says it all folks, Mask Wearing & COVID-19 - Risks, Benefits & Requirements. What are risks and what are the OSHA requirements? Listen in as we discuss the very relevant topic of Covid-19 and the use of mask.  In this episode, we review some literature from different sources assessing N95, P95, surgical masks, and cloth/fabric/cotton masks.  We are releasing today's episode early in light of recent requirements in the state of Texas for masks in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the recent increases seen in Texas. Governor Abbott Establishes Statewide Face Covering Requirement, Issues Proclamation To Limit Gatherings July 2, 2020 | Austin, Texas | Press Release https://gov.texas.gov/news/post/governor-abbott-establishes-statewide-face-covering-requirement-issues-proclamation-to-limit-gatherings We start by sharing a rant from an OSHA 10 & 30 certified individual.  He outlines the lack of efficacy of each category, N95, P95, surgical and cloth masks.  He ends with the fact that not only are cloth masks not helpful, they could be more harmful. Then, we go into an article from UC San Francisco arguing for masks.  The men interviewed share theories as to why the CDC released confusing information, first saying masks should not be worn by the public, then saying they should.  Later, they share evidence they believe supports the efficacy of masks.  Check out what the FDA has to say about masks here.N95 Respirators, Surgical Masks, and Face Masks https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/personal-protective-equipment-infection-control/n95-respirators-surgical-masks-and-face-masks The next piece of literature we discuss is from an Oxford Journal in 2010 where several different materials were tested to stop penetration of particles .5-1 micrometers in size.  The Coronavirus is .125 micrometers.  Sadly, the only mask that had an incredibly low penetration rate was the N95, which should not be worn by the public without a fit test and a pulmonary function test.  The other types of masks tested were made of sweatshirt material (fleece) and t-shirt material (cotton).  Lastly, we discussed a graphic released by the CDC to help understand the difference between a surgical mask and a N95 respirator.  By their specifications, neither is a good option for Covid-19 protection. The surgical mask is intended to protect the wearer from “large droplets, splashes, or sprays of bodily or other hazardous fluids” and is used in an already sterile environment.  It “does NOT provide the wearer with a reliable level of protection from inhaling smaller airborne particles and is not considered respiratory protection.”  The N95 does filter out particles, but must be properly fitted and donned and discarded immediately when, among many other things, it “becomes contaminated with…respiratory or nasal secretions…” Our summary is that based on the CDC’s graphic alone, two of the three mask options to protect from Coronavirus are not beneficial.  The last option, cloth/fabric/cotton, has been shown in other studies to have a high (70%+) penetration rate of particles bigger than the COVID-19 virus size, showing that’s not going to help either. As the author of the OSHA rant closed, “If your mask gives you security to wear it, just know it is a false sense of security.”       Links to our reference articles University of California San Franciscohttps://www.ucsf.edu/news/2020/06/417906/still-confused-about-masks-heres-science-behind-how-face-masks-prevent CDC Understanding the Differencehttps://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/pdfs/UnderstandDifferenceInfographic-508.pdf Oxford Academichttps://academic.oup.com/annweh/article/54/7/789/202744 USA Todayhttps://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/06/11/fact-check-n-95-filters-not-too-large-stop-covid-19-particles/5343537002/ And for the post that started it all: I am OSHA 10&30 certified. I know some of you are too.

39 Minutes Suitable for All Ages Pete invited Professor Gary Chartier to come on the show. Gary is Distinguished Professor of Law and Business Ethics and Associate Dean of the Tom and Vi Zapara School of Business at La Sierra University in Riverside, California. He is the author, editor, or co-editor of fifteen other—current or forthcoming—books, including Public Practice, Private Law (Cambridge, 2016), Anarchy and Legal Order (Cambridge, 2013), The Logic of Commitment (Routledge, 2018), and An Ecological Theory of Free Expression (Palgrave, 2018). His byline has appeared over forty times in journals including the Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Legal Theory, and Law and Philosophy.  Gary was an editor and contributor on the book "Markets Not Capitalism." His chapter, "Advocates of Freed Markets Should Oppose Capitalism," caught Pete's eye so he asked Gary to come on and discuss the themes of the chapter. A Good Life in the Market: An Introduction to Business Ethics GaryChartier.net Link to Richard Grove's Autonomy Course TakeHumanAction.com Donate at the Libertarian Institute Pete's Link to Sign Up for the LP Lions of Liberty Podcast Pete's Patreon Pete's Books on Amazon Pete's Books Available for Crypto Pete on Facebook Pete on Twitter

Do you believe in witches? For the good people of Long Compton, it’s part of a longstanding tradition – one that, as recently as 1875, cost a woman named Ann Tennant her life. The latest in science, culture, and history from Smithsonian Channel.

Nuno Garoupa é professor de Direito na George Mason University, nos EUA.   A investigação académica do convidado tem-se debruçado sobretudo sobre Direito Comparado e a relação entre as instituições do Direito e a Economia. Isto, associado à vida de estrangeirado, explica porque se habituou a pensar o país vendo-o de fora, num olhar que é, como vão ouvir, provocador e original.  A discussão sobre as causas da pobreza (relativa) de Portugal tem barbas, claro, que é como quem diz: séculos. É quase uma predileção nacional, uma espécie de catarse momentânea, e que facilmente resvala num lamúrio inconsequente e pouco sistemático. Nesta conversa, tentei fugir a essa tentação. A nossa abordagem foi crítica, mas tentei que fosse construtiva e coerente. Até para não ser confundida com uma visão pessimista (vivemos, apesar de tudo, no melhor período dos últimos séculos) ou com um anti-portugalismo snob (que não só não tem razão de ser, como adianta pouco).  Esta foi uma conversa em que andámos cá e lá entre vários temas de fundo.  Tentámos ir à raiz da origem do atraso português, o que inevitavelmente nos levou ao papel da geografia, das instituições, e da cultura, cujos efeitos estão inevitavelmente entrelaçados.  Falámos do modo - muitas vezes perverso - como funcionam as elites em Portugal e das especificidades (as indesejáveis) da cultura nacional, como a falta de confiança interpessoal (o Capital Social de que falei já neste podcast logo no episódio #6, com o Pedro Magalhães), o pouco cultivo do pensamento crítico no sistema de ensino, a obsessão (muito católica) com a culpa ou a tendência para ver a discussão de ideias como um combate moral e um jogo de soma nula. E falámos sobre soluções possíveis, sendo que, inevitavelmente, é muito mais difícil chegar a elas do que fazer o diagnóstico.  Abordámos também o problema da quase estagnação da economia nas duas últimas décadas e outras ameaças à prosperidade e à satisfação dos portugueses com a democracia. Insatisfação essa, aliás, que o convidado prevê, mais tarde ou mais cedo, como indo levar a uma  alteração de regime. Na última parte da conversa, aproveitei para viajar até à área de investigação do convidado e abordámos os desafios e as insuficiências do sistema judicial português. O Nuno, aliás, tem um livro muito interessante publicado sobre o tema que deixo na descrição do episódio. Obrigado aos mecenas do podcast: Gustavo Pimenta; João Castanheira João Vítor Baltazar; Salvador Cunha; Ana Mateus; Nelson Teodoro; Paulo Peralta; Duarte Dória; Tiago Leite Abílio Silva; Tiago Neves Paixão; João Saro; Rita Mateus; Tomás Costa; Daniel Correia, António Padilha, André Lima, João Braz Pinto, Tiago Queiroz, Ricardo Duarte, Rafael Melo, Alexandre Almeida, Carmen Camacho, João Nelas Vasco Sá Pinto, Luis Ferreira, Pedro Vaz, André Gamito, Henrique Pedro, Manuel Lagarto, Rui Baldaia, Luis Quelhas Valente, Rui Carrilho, Filipe Ribeiro, Joana Margarida Alves Martins, Joao Salvado, Luis Marques, Mafalda Pratas, Renato Vasconcelos, Tiago Pires, Francisco Arantes, Francisco dos Santos, João Bastos, João Raimundo, Hugo Correia, Mariana Barosa, Marta Baptista Coelho, Paulo Ferreira, Miguel Coimbra, Pedro Silva, António Amaral, Nuno Nogueira, Rodrigo Brazão, Nuno Gonçalves, Duarte Martins, Pedro Rebelo, Miguel Palhas, Duarte, José Carlos Abrantes, Tomás Félix, Vasco Lima, Carlos Martins, Ricardo Delgadinho, Marise Almeida; Gonçalo Martins, José Galinha   -> Torne-se também mecenas do podcast, a partir de 2€, através do Patreon!   Referências faladas ao longo do episódio: Artigo do convidado: ‘O fracasso das instituições portuguesas como um problema de muito longo prazo’ Instituições Extractivas vs Inclusivas, segundo Acemoglu e Robinson Evolução do PIB desde o Pombalismo Jogos de soma positiva Locus de controlo Livro referido: Yuen Yuen Ang - ‘How China Escaped the Poverty Trap’ Cartoon da New Yorker Manuel Valls, ex-primeiro-ministro francês, é candidato à câmara de Barcelona Livro do convidado sobre a Justiça em Portugal  Livro recomendado: Sebastião José - Agustina Bessa-Luís Bio: Nuno Garoupa é professor de Direito, Reitor Adjunto para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento de Quadros e Director de programas de pós-graduação na George Mason University - Antonin Scalia Law School. Anteriormente, foi professor na Texas A&M University School of Law (2015-2018) e na Universidade de Illinois. Antes disso, de 2014 a 2016, foi Presidente da Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos, em Lisboa, Portugal. Foi também Professor de Direito e Investigador ‘H. Ross and Helen Workman’, na Faculdade de Direito da Universidade do Illinois e Co-Diretor do Programa de Direito, Ciências Sociais e Comportamentais do Illinois. Tem um Doutoramento em Economia pela Universidade de York (RU) e um Mestrado em Direito pela Universidade de Londres (RU). Entre as suas áreas de investigação destaca-se a análise económica do direito e das instituições legais. Os resultados destas investigações têm sido publicados em revistas científicas de destaque, tais como: Journal of Legal Studies; Journal of Law and Economics; American Law and Economics Review; Oxford Journal of Legal Studies; American Journal of Comparative Law; Cambridge Law Journal; Journal of Law and Society; European Review of Private Law; European Business Organization Law Review; e Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law. Foi Vice-Presidente da Associação Europeia de Direito e Economia, de 2004 a 2007; integrou o Conselho de Administração da International Society for New Institutional Economics, de 2006 a 2009, e foi Co-Editor da Review of Law and Economics, entre 2004 a 2010. Nuno Garoupa  recebeu o prémio espanhol de investigação Julian Marias, em 2010, e foi Bolseiro Searle-Kauffman em Direito, Inovação e Crescimento no Searle Center on Law, Regulation, and Economic Growth, na Faculdade de Direito da Northwestern University, de 2009 a 2010.

In 1764, France was a tumultuous place. On the eve of Revolution, the peasant farmers of the remote region of Gévaudan were suffering from decades of difficulties, brought about by war, poverty, poor agricultural conditions and plague. As the Summer brought about favourable weather and life for the population of the barren and sparse region should have begun an upswing in fortune, a series of attacks marked the beginning of a reign of terror that would last almost three years, headed by a monster known simply as “The Beast”. Bodies were found half eaten, the remains left on the ground spreading a fear throughout the region that would eclipse all of the previous problems and would escalate the situation as high as the court of the King. Sources: Smith, J.M (2011) Monsters of the Gévaudan: The Making of a Beast. Harvard University Press, 2011. This day arrived, the mail from France & Flanders (1764, November 30), The Derby Mercury, p.2. Tuesday’s Post, Utrecht Nov. 29. (1764, December 8), The Oxford Journal, p.1. Thursday’s Post, Foreign Affairs (1765, January 26), The Oxford Journal, p.2. Foreign News (1765, March 9), The Ipswich Journal, p.2. Affairs in Italy, Spain, Portugal etc. (1765, October 7), The Scots Magazine, p.43. Extract of a letter from Paris, Oct 4 (1765, October 25), Derby Mercury, p.2. Soulier, Bernard (2012) D’où était Agnès Giral? (2012, December 12), Gazette de la Bête, p.3 Sée, Henri (2004) Economic and Social Conditions in France During the Eighteenth Century. Batoche Books, 2004. Bonet, Alain (2019) La Bête du Gévaudan: Chronologie et Documentation Raisonnées. Bonet, 2019.   For extended show notes, including maps, links and scripts, head over to darkhistories.com Support the show by using our link when you sign up to Audible: http://audibletrial.com/darkhistories or visit our Patreon for bonus episodes and Early Access: https://www.patreon.com/darkhistories Connect with us on Facebook: http://facebook.com/darkhistoriespodcast Or find us on Twitter: http://twitter.com/darkhistories & Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dark_histories/ Or you can contact us directly via email at contact@darkhistories.com or join our Discord community: https://discord.gg/6f7e2pt Music was recorded by me © Ben Cutmore 2017 Other Outro music was Paul Whiteman & his orchestra with Mildred Bailey - All of me (1931). It's out of copyright now, but if you're interested, that was that.

In this episode, we sat down with Dr. Corrie Block, CEO of Paragon Consulting, where he shared some great stories about his experiences in Estonia & Yemen prior to making Dubai his home.Dr Corrie Block is a leading business strategist and CEO of Paragon Consulting, Professor of Strategic Management at Monarch Business School, and certified NLP Executive Coach, with over 20 years’ experience working on more than 100 companies.Dr Corrie has provided strategic consulting for the Council of Europe and World Bank, tech start-ups, multinationals and governments, across more than 30 continents. He’s founded 5 successful businesses in Europe and MENA and received awards for his product innovations.As both an academic and practitioner, he completed all of his post-grad studies (including master’s in business administration & Global Leadership, a Doctorate in Business Administration and a PhD in Arab and Islamic Studies), all while working full time. He has been published in Gulf Business, Forbes, CEO Magazine, Entrepreneur, Business Islamica, Oxford Journal of Islamic Studies and Routledge Academic Books.As an international speaker, Dr Corrie is often asked to speak on stages around the world. He delivers workshops and deep insights on employee engagement, meaningful management, A.I, culture, tech, innovation and the organization of the future. Dr Corrie believes that “business is personal” and runs a leading, regional podcast featuring panels of experts.As a strategic consultant to multinationals, governments and startups alike, he shared his insights into many thought provoking concepts such as the ‘work life blend’ and how business is personal.Show Notes:* 1:30 - From Canada to Estonia* 2:45 - 2 Masters and 2 Doctorates* 3:00 - Arab Islamic Studies & moving to Yemen* 6:30 - War seems like a good reason to leave a country* 10:00 - Explaining “line of fire” to a 7 year old* 12:00 - Coming to Dubai as the war in Yemen intensified* 15:00 - The chemical formula for happiness* 17:30 - “People want to be the best they can be”* 18:45 - Business is personal* 21:15 - Engagements with the Al Masood Family* 26:00 - The Chicki Chunk story* 28:15 - Emirates Macaroni Factory* 31:45 - Resentment for the other half of a father’s life* 35:45 - Work life blend* 39:45 - His daily routines and the discipline to write 2 books concurrently* 41:00 - Who Dr. Corrie looks to for inspiration or as role models* 42:30 - His top 3 books to recommend to people* 45:30 - His addiction to Spartan Races* 52:15 - Dr. Corrie’s outlook on the potential of Dubai as a R&D hub for future health technologies* 55:30 - “Do something meaningful or find meaning in something you are doing” See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Lecture summary: The International Criminal Court is engaged in investigations in a number of situations of ongoing conflict. Recent scholarship and practice has paid attention to the question of whether the threat of prosecution at the international level contributes to the pursuit of domestic trials. Implicit in much of this work is an assumption that contributing to the pursuit of such domestic trials is always a good thing. In this paper, I challenge this assumption. The central argument is that the Office of the Prosecutor at the ICC ought to, in at least some cases, try to use its coercive power and discretion in order to bring about other, non-retributive, ends. To make that argument, the paper proceeds in four parts. First, on a normative and political level, it argues that the classic tensions between trials and other, incommensurable goods at stake in peace negotiations is as strong as ever, despite conceptual and institutional developments. Second, it looks to literature on compellence theory in international relations, particularly relating to sanctions, and suggests that threats of prosecution and, further along the investigative chain, promises of non-prosecution might be able to contribute to these other, non-retributive, ends. Third, on an institutional level, it argues that although not without risks, the use by the OTP of its discretion in this way is not inconsistent with the Statute and the Court's institutional mandate. Fourth, practically, the paper considers what such an approach would look like in reality, its challenges - both political and bureaucratic - and the difficult issue of prosecutorial accountability. Overall, the aim is to propose an approach that integrates the ICC into an international order that is not, and should not be, concerned primarily with criminal accountability. Miles Jackson is an Associate Professor of Law at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Jesus College. He holds MA and DPhil degrees from the University of Oxford, an LLM degree from Harvard Law School, and an LLB from the University of South Africa. His doctoral research, supported by a Rhodes Scholarship, was on complicity in international law and was published by Oxford University Press in 2015. He has published in a range of journals, including the European Journal of International Law, the Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, and the Journal of International Criminal Justice. In 2017, he was awarded the Cassese Prize for International Criminal Law Studies.

Following a difficult and protracted process, in 2014 the UNGA adopted Resolution 68/268 which set out to strengthen the UN human rights treaty body system. It mandated a further review in 2020. The proposals which are emerging for that review have the potential to radically change the nature of the UN human rights system - but whether for better or worse is keenly contested. In his talk, Malcolm Evans, who has been a participant in these developments, will outline the background to the proposals and offer a personal assessment, from a treaty body perspective, of their significance for the future of the machinery of international human rights protection. Malcolm Evans is Professor of Public International Law at the University of Bristol, UK where he has taught since 1988. His areas of legal specialism include both international human rights protection and the international law of the sea. In the field of human rights his particular interests concern torture and torture prevention and the protection of religious liberty under international law, on both of which he was written extensively. He became a member of the UN Subcommittee for the Prevention of Torture (the SPT) in 2009 and since 2011 has been serving as its Chair. From 2014-2015 he was the Chairperson of the Meeting of Chairs of UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies. From 2002 – 2013 he was a member of the OSCE ODIHR Advisory Council on the Freedom of Religion or Belief. He is also a member of the UK Foreign Secretary’s Human Rights Advisory Group. He has acted as an independent advisor and consultant for numerous international organisations over many years. From 2003-5 he was Head of the School of Law and from 2005-2009 Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Law at the University of Bristol. From 2016-2018 he was a member of the Commission on Religious Education established by the Religious Education Council. Since 2015 he has been a Member of the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse in England and Wales (IICSA). He is General Editor of the International and Comparative Law Quarterly and Co-Editor in Chief of the Oxford Journal of Law and Religion. Major published works include: Religious Liberty and International Law in Europe (CUP, 1997), Preventing Torture (OUP, 1998), Combating Torture in Europe (Council of Europe, 2002), Manual on the Wearing of Religious Symbols in Public Areas (Council of Europe/Brill, 2009), The Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture (OUP, 2011), The Changing Nature of Religious Rights under International Law (ed) (OUP, 2015), Preventing Torture in Europe (Council of Europe, 2018). He is Editor of International Law (OUP, 5th ed, 2018) and Blackstone’s International Law Documents (OUP, 13th ed, 2017).

John Gardner FBA is a Senior Research Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford, with the title of Professor of Law and Philosophy in the University of Oxford. From 2000 to 2016 he held Oxford’s Chair of Jurisprudence. Before that he was Reader in Legal Philosophy at King’s College London (1996-2000), Fellow and Tutor in Law at Brasenose College, Oxford (1991-6) and Examination (‘Prize’) Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford (1986-91). He has also held visiting positions at Columbia University, Yale University, the University of Texas at Austin, Princeton University, the Australian National University, the University of Auckland, and most recently Cornell University. He serves on the editorial boards of numerous journals including the Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Ethics, Law and Philosophy, and The Journal of Moral Philosophy. Called to the Bar in 1988, he has been a Bencher of the Inner Temple since 2002 (although he does not practice). He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 2013. He teaches and writes on the philosophy of private law, of criminal law, of public law, and of law in general, as well as in nearby areas of moral philosophy, political philosophy, and the philosophy of action. This podcast is an audio recording of Professor Gardner's talk - 'Discrimination: The Good, the Bad, and the Wrongful' - at the Aristotelian Society on 30 October 2017. The recording was produced by the Backdoor Broadcasting Company.

Back in June last year, a group of 40 scientists banded together and co-authored a scientific paper for the Oxford Journal, BioScience, which painted a grim picture of the future of the planet’s megafauna. In essence, if we continued on the same trajectory that we are currently on, massive species extinction would occur, with dire consequences for us all. One of the co-authors of that paper, Dr. Ahimsa Campos-Arceiz, who is also the Principal investigator at the Management & Ecology of Malaysian Elephants (MEME), joins us to discuss this imminent extinction crisis, and to highlight the steps that need to be taken to stop this. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.