Podcasts about 3gpp

Parce que… c'est l'épisode 0x31C! Shameless plug 19 septembre 2026 - Bsides Montréal 20 au 26 septembre 2026 - BruCON 13 novembre 2026 - DEATHCon 16 au 19 novembre - European Cyber Week 1 au 3 décembre 2026 - Forum INCYBER - Canada 2026 24 et 25 février 2027 - SéQCure 2027 Description Une conversation sur une terrasse, un sujet qui mijotait depuis longtemps L'épisode s'ouvre de façon informelle, en terrasse, un lundi ensoleillé. L'animateur et Martin Dubé annoncent qu'ils allaient enfin aborder un sujet qu'ils repoussaient depuis longtemps : un mandat de test d'intrusion que Martin avait réalisé sur un réseau LTE (4G) privé, à une époque où il n'avait qu'une connaissance limitée de cette technologie. Le fil conducteur de la discussion est la curiosité comme moteur de croissance professionnelle en cybersécurité, illustré par ce mandat devenu un succès marquant dans sa carrière. Se lancer dans l'inconnu : du pentest classique au LTE Martin explique que son parcours en test d'intrusion a toujours été motivé par la curiosité plutôt que par une expertise préalable. Il rappelle ses débuts chez Gocker, où une jeune équipe sans expérience formelle a appris « sur le tas ». Cette philosophie l'a suivi tout au long de sa carrière : il se dit attiré par les mandats qui le poussent hors de sa zone de confort. Le LTE constitue un univers à part, très différent du monde informatique traditionnel (Windows, Linux) : des protocoles propriétaires, complexes, empilés au fil des générations (3G, 4G, 5G) par l'organisme 3GPP, chaque itération apportant son lot de nouveaux acronymes déconnectés des précédents. Le mandat portait spécifiquement sur un réseau LTE privé, avec ses propres mécanismes de contrôle d'accès (notamment le verrouillage IMEI, qui lie une carte SIM à un appareil précis), absents des réseaux cellulaires publics. Une préparation intensive Pour se qualifier, Martin s'est procuré une carte Blade RF, a étudié le fonctionnement du matériel, préparé des payloads jusque dans sa chambre d'hôtel et dans l'avion, et a visionné une quinzaine de présentations DEF CON sur les attaques LTE. Il en retient que malgré la complexité apparente, les mêmes patterns d'attaque reviennent constamment : injections, services exposés, adresses IP mal protégées. Il livre un message clé aux auditeurs : ne pas laisser le syndrome de l'imposteur freiner les décisions. Selon lui, un « expert » est simplement quelqu'un qui a travaillé fort et qui continue d'apprendre ; s'accrocher au statut d'expert peut au contraire limiter la capacité à sortir de sa zone de confort. Martin insiste sur l'accumulation d'expérience comme capital réutilisable : après une quinzaine d'années en test offensif, il reconnaît que les fondamentaux (penser comme un attaquant) restent transférables d'une technologie à l'autre, seuls les acronymes changent. Il souligne aussi que l'accès à l'information (recherche en ligne, outils d'IA comme Copilot) a rendu l'apprentissage de nouveaux domaines beaucoup plus rapide qu'auparavant. Concrètement, pour écrire ses payloads en C, il a utilisé le framework open source srsRAN, qui permet de simuler un réseau LTE complet, et s'est appuyé sur Copilot pour comprendre le code et cibler les modifications nécessaires. Une soirée d'hôtel a suffi pour obtenir un premier résultat fonctionnel. Le pouvoir du threat modeling La deuxième moitié de l'échange se concentre sur la méthodologie du mandat. Le client, relativement mature, exigeait un atelier de modélisation des menaces (threat modeling) avant même la rédaction du plan de test, lequel devait ensuite être approuvé par les parties prenantes. L'équipe a suivi une approche inspirée de l'OWASP, réunissant plusieurs intervenants pour déterminer ce qu'il fallait sécuriser en priorité. Le sujet retenu a été le provisionnement des cartes SIM, élément central de l'accès au réseau LTE (les clés de chiffrement intégrées aux cartes, non extractibles, et leur copie détenue par le fournisseur). Cet atelier d'une semaine a permis de faire émerger, avant même les tests techniques, plusieurs hypothèses de vulnérabilités fondées sur les risques réels plutôt que sur un périmètre imposé arbitrairement. Martin partage un exemple marquant : lors des discussions, un accès jugé initialement comme « lecture seule » sur un système de surveillance des cartes SIM s'est révélé être un accès administrateur complet, supposément atténué par des règles de pare-feu… qui, après vérification, n'avaient en réalité jamais été mises en place. Ce test, qui n'a demandé que cinq minutes, a révélé un manque de communication majeur entre les équipes du client et son fournisseur. Les deux interlocuteurs comparent cette dynamique aux défaillances observées dans les grandes organisations complexes, où plusieurs fournisseurs interviennent sans coordination claire. L'animateur cite en parallèle l'incident de la porte de l'avion Boeing, causé par une rupture de communication entre le fournisseur et le fabricant plutôt que par une seule erreur isolée — illustrant que les systèmes complexes multiplient les angles morts. Les résultats techniques du mandat Une fois le plan de test bâti sur les risques identifiés, Martin a pu tester des contrôles précis : usurpation d'IMEI, mouvements latéraux via des réseaux industriels mal segmentés (FTP non sécurisés, plusieurs sauts de jump host), et surtout des attaques par déni de service. Il détaille l'attaque par injection sur la « tracking area update » : contrairement au Wi-Fi, où l'appareil mesure lui-même la force du signal, un appareil LTE fait confiance à la force annoncée par l'antenne, ce qui permet à un attaquant de se faire passer pour une tour plus puissante sans nécessiter une grande puissance d'émission. Cette faille est reconnue comme un compromis de conception du 3GPP entre sécurité et fiabilité du roaming. Dans le cas testé, la vulnérabilité existait bel et bien, mais un mécanisme de type « watchdog » redémarrait automatiquement les appareils affectés, limitant l'impact réel grâce à un contrôle compensatoire. Conclusion L'épisode se termine sur une note d'enthousiasme partagé : les deux interlocuteurs concluent que la curiosité, la volonté d'expérimenter dans l'inconnu et la capacité à capitaliser sur une expérience accumulée sont les véritables leviers de progression en cybersécurité, bien plus que la spécialisation figée dans un domaine unique. Collaborateurs Nicolas-Loïc Fortin Martin Dubé Crédits Montage par Intrasecure inc Locaux réels par Intrasecure inc

Spirent: 6G Is Coming Sooner Than Expected, Podcast, Pre-commercial 6G trials could begin in 2028, with commercial deployments arriving as early as 2029 “Six G leaders are now going to be judged on how resilient the network is, how adaptive, how quickly it can recover from an issue,” says Stephen Douglas of Spirent, a Keysight company. In this Technology Reseller News podcast, Doug Green speaks with Douglas about the accelerating 6G timeline and why service providers may need to begin planning for 6G business models sooner than many expected. For years, 2030 was widely viewed as the point when the industry would begin looking seriously at 6G. Douglas says that assumption is changing. Pre-commercial 6G demonstration systems are now being discussed for 2028, with the first commercial 6G equipment and operator deployments potentially emerging in the mid-to-late 2029 timeframe.   The shift is being driven by rapid movement in standards, including 3GPP work on 6G radio, core network architecture, security, APIs, application enablement, management, orchestration and AI-based operational support. Douglas says this creates a compressed window for operators, vendors and ecosystem partners to test, validate and prepare for a new network generation that may arrive sooner than expected. The podcast also looks at how 6G may differ from previous mobile generations. Rather than treating AI as an add-on, Douglas describes 6G as an AI-native network architecture, where AI is built into operations, orchestration, security, APIs and even the radio layer itself. “What you're seeing is a big shift, and AI is at the heart of that,” Douglas says. “That big shift is moving from an AI-assisted network to an AI-native network.” That could allow networks to predict congestion, reconfigure network slices, detect threats, expose capabilities to third parties in real time and support new AI-driven services at the edge. A major theme of the discussion is monetization. The 5G era delivered important technology advances, but many operators struggled to translate those advances into new revenue. Douglas argues that 6G gives service providers an opportunity to avoid repeating that pattern by developing new services, ecosystems and pricing models during the deployment phase, rather than waiting until after the network is built. The conversation highlights several emerging 6G opportunity areas, including AI and communication, integrated sensing and communication, ubiquitous connectivity, immersive communication, massive communication and hyper-reliable low-latency communications. Douglas points in particular to integrated sensing, where the network could support services that use radio infrastructure to understand objects, environments and movement while also carrying traditional communications traffic. Douglas also discusses the growing role of edge AI. As more AI inference moves from centralized data centers toward edge locations, devices and regional infrastructure, operators may have an opportunity to participate more directly in the AI economy. Instead of acting only as transport providers for AI traffic, service providers could support sovereign AI, low-latency inference, industrial computer vision and other AI-as-a-service models. The key message for operators is that they do not need to wait for 6G to begin preparing. Douglas says 5G Advanced can serve as a bridge, allowing operators to test business models around sensing, edge compute, AI services and network-based awareness today, while building a roadmap toward 6G. The winners in the 6G era, Douglas says, may not simply be the providers with the fastest networks. Success may be defined by intelligence, sensing and resilience — and by the ability to turn 6G capabilities into services that customers are willing to pay for from day one. Learn more at keysight.com.

Anshel Sag and Mike Dano open episode 253 of the 6G Podcast and discuss World Cup stadium technology, including Lenovo's FIFA partnership, referee camera headsets using 5G mmWave, Eagle Eye camera systems for offsides/goal-line decisions, 3D player avatars, digital ticketing, and Ookla findings that Mercedes-Benz Stadium leads in connectivity with no major issues so far. They review updates from the 3GPP meeting in Singapore, confirming a 6G timeline with stage 3 freeze in December 2028 and open API freeze in March 2029, while noting many decisions (Open RAN and satellite integration) were deferred. They cover the new Space Connect LEO satellite alliance (Amazon, Iridium, Telesat, Globalstar) and the close of FCC Auction 113 (AWS-3) raising $3.5B with 17 bidders including SpaceX. They highlight Nokia/T-Mobile pre-commercial MIMO gains of up to 20% throughput and conclude with Carolina West Wireless exiting and transitioning to Verizon by September. 00:00 Welcome Back Episode 253 01:05 World Cup Tech Showcase 03:57 Stadium Connectivity Reality 07:50 3GPP 6G Timeline Update 10:29 Satellites in 6G Debate 15:02 New LEO Lobby Alliance 19:41 AWS-3 Auction Results 27:09 Nokia T-Mobile MIMO Boost 32:12 Small Carriers Consolidate 37:23 Wrap Up And Subscribe

Artemis Optical Links, 3GPP Release 21 Timeline, Bundled Fiber+Wireless Plans, and the Satellite D2D Spectrum Scramble Anshel Sag and Mike Dano discuss Artemis mission connectivity and imagery, including NASA's Orion optical laser link (O2O) enabling 4K streams, iPhone selfies, and radiation damage to sensors, alongside brand visibility like Omega watches. They then review outcomes from a recent 3GPP meeting in Japan: 6G will begin with Release 21, with a Stage 1 freeze targeted for March 2027, and 5G standalone selected as the architectural baseline, with continued work on non-terrestrial networks. The hosts cover new U.S. convergence bundles, including AT&T's One Connect (fiber plus wireless with BYOD and deprioritization caveats) and T-Mobile's Mint-branded 5G Home Internet bundle. They debate AI RAN and base-station GPUs, citing skepticism from AT&T leadership and Nvidia's push into inference, then note Tesla/SpaceX's announced chip-fab partnership with Intel. Finally, they examine Grain Management's plan to potentially lease 800 MHz spectrum for direct-to-device satellite services and question the true scale of the D2D consumer market.00:00 Podcast Welcome and Weekend Catchup 00:53 Artemis Mission Highlights 01:20 Laser Link 4K Streaming 03:06 Space Selfies and Radiation 05:06 Brands Watches and Hype 06:13 6G Standards Update from Japan 11:39 SA Only Path to 6G 14:02 AT&T One Connect Bundle 16:45 Cable vs Telco Bundle Wars 19:24 AI RAN GPUs at the Edge 23:23 Inference Takes Over 23:49 GPUs in Base Stations 26:00 Carrier Reality Check 27:19 Where Compute Belongs 29:56 Timing the Edge Bet 30:40 Terra Fab Reality 31:46 Fab Timeline and Costs 33:47 Austin Supply Chain Logic 36:01 Space Data Center Skepticism 38:29 D2D Spectrum Leasing 42:19 Airlines and Spectrum Swaps 43:32 D2D Market Limits 45:32 Consolidation and 2030 Outlook 46:06 Wrap Up and Thanks

Anshel Sag and Mike Dano discuss highlights from Nvidia GTC 2026, focusing on Nvidia's “AI Grid” concept for distributed GPU compute across telecom and cloud-edge partners including AT&T, T-Mobile, Comcast, Spectrum, Cisco, and Akamai, positioned as a broader revival of edge computing beyond AI RAN. They cover Bell's plan to invest $1.7B in a Saskatchewan AI factory/data center emphasizing Canadian data sovereignty, with hardware funding from partners and expectations of improved EBITDA after buildout. Sag reviews OPPO's Find N6 foldable with a crease-free display, flagship specs, and fast charging, while noting Samsung discontinued its $3,000 Galaxy Z trifold due to economics. Dano analyzes the Google Fiber–Astound Broadband merger as part of a U.S. fiber land grab, and they close on U.S. government interest in 6G for the 2028 LA Olympics, WRC 2027 spectrum politics in Shanghai, and 3GPP work around 7 GHz reuse of C-band cell grids.

NASA engineers are strapping-on backpacks loaded with radios, cameras, and antennas to keep explorers connected on the lunar surface.

Pat Hindle and Del Pierson talk with Juan Montojo, VP of Technical Standards and Qualcomm's 3GPP lead, about 3GPP Release 20 including the overall goals and technologies that will be covered and the timing of the release.

Welcome and Introduction- Will Townsend hosts episode 229 of GTO and 5G podcast- Anshel Sag joins as fellow analystHPE Aruba Networking's Private 5G Partner Program- HPE's acquisition of Athonet and turnkey private 5G solution- New competency program to train channel partners on cellular technology- Focus on operational technology environments3GPP Release 20 and the Path to 6G- Release 20 as a primer for 6G's first release (Release 21)- Key improvements: wireless AI, coverage, mobility, MIMO evolutions- Setting the stage for 6G technical study itemsT-Mobile's T Satellite Launch- Commercial availability set for July 23rd- Initial support for SMS, MMS, and short audio clips- Data service launch planned for October 1st- Free emergency 911 for all compatible devicesAST Space Mobile's Defense Communications Proof of Concept- Collaboration with Fairwinds Technologies- Field test including tactical assault kit connectivity and secure video calls- Demonstration of military applications for satellite-to-phone technologyEchoStar's Financial Maneuvers- $500 million debt interest payment made- 30-day grace period elected for July 1 payment- Ongoing "high-stakes game of chicken" with regulatorsCloudflare and Spectrum Discussions- Concerns about EchoStar's spectrum usage- Potential influence of political factors on regulatory decisions

PolicyTracker journalist Richard Haas speaks to 3GPP veteran Howard Benn about how the body works and how it intersects with spectrum policymaking.See more information about our upcoming training courses ⁠⁠here⁠⁠.

In recent years, the Department of Defense has been rethinking how it approaches communications technology—shifting from traditional, insular solutions to embracing innovation from the commercial sector. While off-the-shelf cellular devices aren't suitable for the battlefield, the underlying technologies powering 5G and emerging 6G networks are becoming too valuable to ignore.   This week on Feds At The Edge, we explore how the military can harness advanced commercial technologies like 5G, 6G, and AI to enhance battlefield operations. The discussion centers on three critical considerations:   Edge Computing for Resilience: In combat zones where communication links are vulnerable to disruption, processing data at the edge is essential.  Agile Networks for Rapid Response: Battlefield conditions evolve quickly. Flexible standards in 5G/6G—especially through tools like 3GPP's Network Data Analytics Function—enable self-optimizing, reconfigurable networks.   Upgrades Without the Overhead: Upgrading physical hardware in remote or high-risk environments (like submarines) can be difficult, but software-based systems offer promising alternatives.               

Coverage holes exist in cellular networks despite decades of wireless technology evolution, but new potential solutions are on the horizon. In this episode, Emil Björnson and Erik G. Larsson discuss network-controlled repeaters, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, and half-duplex relays. Network-controlled repeaters have attracted particular attention from 3GPP in recent years; the conversation focuses on how these can create strong propagation paths through signal amplification. Implementation challenges related to synchronization, band selectivity, and stability are also covered. A detailed overview is provided in “Achieving Distributed MIMO Performance with Repeater-Assisted Cellular Massive MIMO” (https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.00142). Technical details can be found in: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2405.01074 and https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.17908  Music: On the Verge by Joseph McDade. Visit Erik's website https://liu.se/en/employee/erila39 and Emil's website https://ebjornson.com/

In this episode of the IoT For All Podcast, Alper Yegin, President and CEO of the LoRa Alliance, joins Ryan Chacon to discuss the state of LoRaWAN in 2025. The conversation covers LoRaWAN adoption, LoRaWAN use cases, the role of satellite IoT, edge, and AI, LoRaWAN certification and interoperability, misconceptions about LoRaWAN, and the future of LoRaWAN.Alper Yegin is the President and CEO of the LoRa Alliance. He oversees the organization's strategic direction and supports the development and global adoption of LoRaWAN, a key standard for low-power wide-area networks (LPWAN) in the Internet of Things (IoT). Before becoming CEO, he chaired the LoRa Alliance Technical Committee for eight years and served as Vice-Chair of the board for seven years.With over 25 years of experience in the IoT, mobile, and wireless communication industries, Yegin has held senior roles, including CTO at Actility, and various positions at Samsung Electronics, DoCoMo, and Sun Microsystems. He has contributed to global standards development in organizations such as IETF, 3GPP, ETSI, Zigbee Alliance, WiMAX Forum, and IPv6 Forum. Yegin holds 16 patents and has authored numerous technical standards and papers.The LoRa Alliance is an open, non-profit association that has grown into one of the largest and fastest-growing alliances in the technology industry since its inception in 2015. Its members work closely together and share knowledge to develop and disseminate the LoRaWAN standard, the de facto global standard for secure, quality IoT LPWAN bearer connectivity.Discover more about IoT at https://www.iotforall.comFind IoT solutions: https://marketplace.iotforall.comMore about LoRa Alliance: https://lora-alliance.orgConnect with Alper: https://www.linkedin.com/in/alperyegin/(00:00) Intro(00:18) Alper Yegin and LoRa Alliance(02:58) Current state of LoRaWAN adoption(04:17) The role of LoRaWan in the IoT ecosystem(07:19) Certification and interoperability(09:48) LoRaWAN use cases(15:03) Impact of AI and edge computing(18:09) Misconceptions about LoRaWAN(21:14) Future of LoRaWAN and challenges(24:14) Upcoming initiatives and eventsSubscribe to the Channel: https://bit.ly/2NlcEwmJoin Our Newsletter: https://newsletter.iotforall.comFollow Us on Social: https://linktr.ee/iot4all

Peter Seeberg talks to Xueli An, Research Manager and Industry Development Specialist at Huawei Technologies about integrating OPC UA and 5G.

No han pasado 40 días de este nuevo año y la industria se mueve a pleno. Pero nada puede concretarse en el terreno si los avances e innovaciones no se estandarizan. Y el 3GPP avanza con la definición del Release 20 que pone el foco en el 5G posta aunque con la mira yendo un poco más allá, hacia el 6G. Y eso implica mucho más en materia de conectividad, inclusive en tiempos de efervescencia satelital. Para saber de qué va esta nueva movida, te invitamos a que nos acompañes en nuestro podcast de viernes, el primero de este febrero a todo vapor, y a muchos más bits y bytes.

In this episode, satellite and space experts Christopher Baugh and Luke Wyles discuss Analysys Mason's new Space Ground Segment research and insights programme and introduce the main themes and challenges that will be addressed. They examine the pivotal role of virtualisation in satellite ground systems as a foundation for strategic advancements, including cloud-hosted ground stations, multi-mission terminals and end-to-end orchestration, which together help to optimise returns from an increasingly adaptable space segment. Luke also highlights the urgent need for industry players to adopt 3GPP and other telecoms standards to create a more interoperable ecosystem that enhances partnerships between space and terrestrial companies.

Nokia, célèbre pour son héritage pionnier dans le domaine de la téléphonie mobile, frappe à nouveau fort en dévoilant le tout premier appel "audio et vocal immersif au monde". Cette avancée révolutionnaire, réalisée sur un réseau 5G et avec des smartphones commerciaux, promet de transformer radicalement nos conversations téléphoniques en recréant un son spatialisé en temps réel.Imaginez-vous plongé dans une conversation où le son vous enveloppe, vous donnant l'impression d'être physiquement présent avec votre interlocuteur. C'est précisément l'objectif de cette innovation, qui vise à apporter une profondeur et un réalisme inédits aux échanges téléphoniques. Selon Nokia, il s'agit là de la plus grande avancée dans le domaine des appels vocaux en direct depuis l'introduction des appels monophoniques utilisés aujourd'hui dans nos smartphones et ordinateurs.Cette prouesse technologique repose sur le codec Immersive Voice and Audio Services (IVAS), développé par le consortium 3GPP, auquel Nokia apporte sa contribution. Le codec IVAS exploite l'audio stéréo et binaural pour créer une spatialisation du son, offrant ainsi une expérience audio tridimensionnelle. Ce qui rend cette technologie encore plus remarquable, c'est qu'elle ne requiert qu'un smartphone équipé de deux microphones, une configuration déjà largement répandue sur le marché.L'arrivée de cette innovation s'inscrit dans le cadre de la norme 5G-Advanced, également appelée 5.5G, une évolution majeure du réseau cellulaire qui promet des avancées significatives en termes de débits, de latence et de consommation d'énergie. Le déploiement de la 5G-Advanced devrait débuter ce mois-ci, avec une prévision de finalisation d'ici fin 2025. Cela laisse aux opérateurs de réseaux, ainsi qu'aux fabricants de puces et de téléphones, le temps nécessaire pour adapter leurs produits et équipements à cette nouvelle norme, ouvrant ainsi la voie à une nouvelle ère de communication immersive. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

3GPPが「6G」ロゴを策定　5Gの“次”に一歩前進。　3rd Generation Partnership Project（3GPP）は4月23日（米国東部夏時間）、最高機関であるPCG（Project Coordination Group）において、6G（第6世代移動通信システム）のロゴが承認されたことを発表した。このロゴは、5月にオランダのロッテルダムで開催される3GPP Stage-1 Workshop on IMT2030 Use Casesから使われる予定だ。

Pat Hindle and Eric Higham talk with Juan Montoho, Vice President of Engineering at Qualcomm's Corporate Standards group and the global lead of 3GPP standardization at Qualcomm, about Qualcomm's recent plans and key projects to build on the foundation of 5G Advanced and lay the track for the path to 6G, through the 3GPP Work and Study Items of Release 19.

GEO satellite has been with us since the dawn of the satellite age, and it's easy for us to take it for granted. GEO 2.0 makes its contribution to the Eternal Orbit campaign by inviting today's experts in geosynchronous orbit to discuss the future of this grandfather of satellite orbits. What's new, what's sexy and what is tried and true? Let's find out together in GEO 2.0. In the second episode, SSPI's Lou Zacharilla talks with Dr. Channasandra “Ravi” Ravishankar and Bhanu Durvasula from Hughes about how integrated constellation solutions, including GEO, are meeting the demands of the day and will meet challenges of the future. You'll also hear more about where satellites in geosynchronous orbit are expanding the capabilities of their nearer Earth cousins. Dr. Channasandra “Ravi” Ravishankar is Senior Vice President of Engineering at Hughes and leads end-to-end system design activities of GSO and NGSO satellite systems. He led the development of GMR-1 Mobile Satellite System air interfaces that adapts terrestrial 3GPP specifications over satellite – these air interfaces have been standardized in ETSI and ITU. He has contributed to 3GPP 5G NTN specifications in the area of mobility management. He was a keynote speaker at the International Communication Satellite Systems Conference (ICSSC) in 2022. He has served as Editor of IEEE Transactions on Communications journal and Guest Editor of IEEE Networks Magazine on “Integration of Satellite and 5G Networks.” He received his PhD degree in Electrical Engineering from Purdue University, USA. Prior to joining Hughes, he was with Comsat Laboratories, Clarksburg, Maryland, USA. Bhanu Durvasula, Vice President of the International Division at Hughes Network Systems, LLC (HUGHES), leads the company's international product and operations team, responsible for product line management of satellite broadband systems. In his 30+ years at Hughes, Mr. Durvasula has held a variety of leadership roles in engineering and product development for solutions including, among others: cellular backhaul over satellite, Mobile Satellite Systems (MSS) ground networks; and point-tomultipoint wireless products for terrestrial cell backhaul and last mile access. Most recently, Mr. Durvasula's efforts have been focused on satellite network technology for community Wi-Fi hotspot and cellular backhaul solutions in support of the company's efforts to bring connectivity to unserved and underserved areas of the world. He holds several patents, both issued and pending. Mr. Durvasula earned a Master of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering from Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, and a Bachelor of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Consumers, businesses, governments and communities around the world benefit from the connected experiences enabled by Hughes technologies and services.

Of het nu om 4G, 5G of 6G gaat, ontwikkelingen van mobiele standaarden gaan razendsnel! Hoe zorgen al die verschillenden leveranciers van netwerken, chipsetleveranciers en operators dat (IoT) apparaten overal ter wereld goed draadloze data verbindingen kunnen maken? Naast het 3GPP-standaardisatieproces bespreken Toon Norp (TNO) en ik wat het verschil is voor IoT tussen 4G en 5G netwerken; wat precies 5G SA en NSA inhouden en vragen we ons af of Ambient IoT onderdeel zal zijn van 5G of toch maar beter op 6G kan wachten... Zet je schrap voor een flinke dosis afkortingen, maar na het beluisteren van deze heldere uitleg ben je helmaal bij op het gebied van draadloze connectiviteits standaarden! Show notes:3GPP algemene website:https://www.3gpp.org/ 3GPP portal met netwerk standaarden:https://portal.3gpp.org/#/OMA SpecWorks portal met applicatie standaarden:https://omaspecworks.org/GSMA website:https://www.gsma.com/Dank aan Dirk-Jan, Sebastiaan en Roland voor het inzenden van de vragen!

On the Constellations Podcast, we'll discuss how future satellite, cellular, and Wi-Fi communication technology might evolve. During this episode, David Witkowski will talk about the evolving communication ecosystem. Hear David describe how the IEEE is considering satellite in the development of future releases of the 3GPP standard and how satellite broadband is already helping to close the digital divide. LEO broadband has already begun serving ground networks and David raises concerns about the network's capacity, and whether or not the LEO network can handle that amount of traffic. 

In the past year, the satellite industry has been a part of a slew of announcements about direct-to-device and satellite to cell. Now, major names in cellular industries and devices like Apple, Qualcomm, and T-Mobile are all working with satellite companies.  Tarun Gupta, chief product officer and co-founder of Skylo Technologies joins On Orbit this week to talk about the growth in the direct-to-device market. Skylo had been working on its own tech stack to connect devices directly to satellite before 3GPP release 17 standards, but Tarun says that the standards release along with the iPhone 14 were both major catalysts in opening up this market.  In the past, OEMs didn't believe small devices could connect directly to satellite, and now companies are asking how fast devices can be brought online. In this episode, Tarun talks about trends in this market, the enabling technologies and developments, and use cases like remote power line monitoring for wildfires. We also talk about Skylo's recent announcement with Qualcomm.  

Cyberpolitik: The Gell-mann “AI”mnesiac Effect— Satya SahuHere are two screenshots of a hastily written prompt to which ChatGPT dutifully responded almost immediately.As I read the responses to my prompts, I was painfully aware of the fact that the second passage could very plausibly be attached alongside a doctored image of a scientist holding up a processor die and forwarded countless times on Whatsapp by thousands of my fellow citizens, all overjoyed at the prospect of India finally having become a semiconductor nation. These persuasively written passages contain no usual hallmarks of a shoddy copypasta-like questionable grammar and syntactical errors. The issue evident to anybody familiar with the global semiconductor value chain is that unless the reader of these passages also knows that efforts to produce an indigenous x86 processor are non-existent, they would not be able to discern the falsehood.While AI can generate realistic and useful content for entertainment, education, research, and communication, it can also produce and disseminate misinformation, propaganda, and fake news. Misinformation is false or inaccurate information that is deliberately or unintentionally spread to influence people's beliefs, attitudes, or behaviours. Misinformation can have serious negative impacts on individuals and society, such as eroding trust, polarizing opinions, undermining democracy, and endangering public health and safety.One of the challenges of combating misinformation is that people are often vulnerable to cognitive biases that impair their ability to evaluate the credibility and accuracy of information. One such bias is the Gell-Mann Amnesia effect, coined by Michael Crichton and named after the Nobel Prize-winning physicist Murray Gell-Mann. The Gell-Mann Amnesia effect describes the phenomenon of an expert believing news articles on topics outside of their field of expertise even after acknowledging that articles written in the same publication that are within the expert's field of expertise are error-ridden and full of misunderstanding. For example, a physicist may read an article on physics in a newspaper and find it full of errors and misconceptions but then turn the page and read an article on politics or economics and accept it as factual and reliable.The Gell-Mann Amnesia effect illustrates how people tend to forget or ignore their prior knowledge and experience when they encounter new information that is presented by a seemingly authoritative source. This effect can be exploited by AI-generated misinformation, which can mimic the style and tone of reputable media outlets and create convincing content that appeals to people's emotions, biases, and expectations. AI-generated misinformation can also leverage social media platforms and networks to amplify its reach and influence by exploiting algorithms that favour sensationalism, novelty, and popularity over quality, accuracy, and relevance.Another challenge in combating misinformation is that large language models (LLMs), the main technology behind AI-generated content, are biased and incomplete. LLMs are trained on massive amounts of text data collected from the internet, which reflect the biases and gaps present in society and culture. LLMs learn to reproduce and amplify these biases and gaps in their outputs, which can lead to harmful and misleading content. One type of bias that LLMs can perpetuate is second-order bias, which is the bias that arises from the way data is organized, categorized, and represented. Second-order bias can affect how LLMs understand and generate information, such as classifying entities, assigning attributes, inferring relationships, and constructing narratives. These can also affect how LLMs interact with users, such as how they respond to queries, provide feedback, and adapt to preferences.Second-order bias can make misinformation more problematic at scale because it can affect not only the content but also the context and purpose of information. For example, it can influence how LLMs frame and filter information to suit different audiences and agendas, as well as manipulate and persuade users to accept or reject information based on their emotions, biases, and expectations. It can also influence how LLMs conceal or reveal their sources and intentions to users.All of this is to say that the effort associated with generating false WhatsApp forwards like the example above (but far less benign!) for hundreds of thousands of people at a time is now rendered minuscule. Obviously, the public needs to develop critical thinking and media literacy skills to discern truth from falsehoods on a rapid-fire basis, but the consensus amongst researchers is that there is no silver bullet to this problem.One can only hope that the human cost of developing AI-fuelled output that is difficult to distinguish from human creative output makes us pause and take stock of the situation. It may, however, be too late.Matsyanyaaya: Cooperating to Communicate— Bharath ReddyThe telecommunications network of a country qualifies as critical infrastructure. With the increasing adoption of 5G and the Internet of Things (IoT), almost everything we do will rely on this infrastructure. The recently signed India and US initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET) recognises next-generation telecommunications as one of the collaboration domains. Within this domain, iCET identifies the following two areas for collaboration:* “Launching a public-private dialogue on telecommunications and regulations.”* “Advancing cooperation on research and development in 5G and 6G, facilitating deployment and adoption of Open RAN in India, and fostering global economies of scale within the sector.”These welcome developments aim to address shared challenges for both India and US.The telecom equipment industry has high entry barriers and is dominated by a handful of vendors. The top four vendors - Ericsson, Nokia, Huawei and ZTE - share around 85% of the Radio Access Network (RAN) market share. Sanctions and bans imposed against Huawei and ZTE further limit vendor choice. The lack of competition in the market could lead to a decline in innovation, an increase in prices and the risk of disrupted supply chains.Several applications necessary for our daily life, such as communications, autonomous vehicles, and smart cities, require a secure and reliable telecommunication infrastructure. The choice of vendors is critical. It's no wonder many states have implemented sanctions against Huawei, recognising it as a potential threat to national security. The telecommunications giant has close ties to the Chinese state. Given the geopolitical climate, relying on an adversary to maintain and upgradation of critical infrastructure is not an option. The companies with the largest RAN market share are full-stack vendors that offer tightly integrated solutions. Open RAN promises to reduce entry barriers by disaggregating the RAN ecosystem. This allows smaller vendors to enter the market by building interoperable and modular components. However, this comes with the risk of complexities in system integration. The responsibility of a reliable and secure system will shift from a single vendor to system integrators and regulators. Given this market dynamic, system integrators and regulators need to develop the skills and capacity to integrate and validate the robustness of such systems.Chinese companies dominate in 5G/6G standard development organisations such as the 3GPP. The disaggregation caused by adopting Open RAN should enable more innovation and broader participation in standards development. Open RAN adoption is progressing slowly, but it can play a more significant role in 6G. Cooperation between India and US in research and development in 5G, 6G and Open RAN will stand both countries in good stead. It will help build resilient supply chains and technical competence in these critical technologies. Antariksh Matters: A vehicle worth reusing— Pranav R SatyanathOn April 2nd, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) conducted an autonomous landing test of the Reusable Launch Vehicle — a spacecraft that looks a lot like an uncrewed spaceplane. The test was indeed unique as the RLV was carried to an altitude of 4.5 km by a helicopter, after which the RLV made an autonomous landing using on-board computers and navigation receivers. The existence of the vehicle is no secret. The RLV Test Demonstrator has been in development since 2012. In 2016, ISRO mounted the test vehicle on a sounding rocket and carried out the first hypersonic flight experiment. Since then, the RLV has undergone several experiments to test the flight and landing characteristics of the vehicle. Since the vehicle's inception, ISRO has envisioned the RLV to be a test bed for a launch vehicle that could become fully operational by 2030. Of course, the RLV is more akin to the space shuttle than the reusable rockets used by SpaceX or Blue Origin. The space shuttle, for its part, was far more expensive than what the National Aeronautics and Space Administration first calculated. So the question remains: will the RLV suffer the same fate? The answer? No. This is because the ISRO's space plane design is likely to be far smaller and more nimble than the Space Shuttle (the latter was designed to carry both heavy cargo and astronauts). Concepts for space planes have existed since the 1960s, most prominent of which was the Boeing X-20 Dyna-SOAR, which never made it past early testing. The RLV could follow the X-20 style lineage, which inspired space planes like the European Space Agency's HERMES spacecraft and the DreamChaser mini space shuttle by the private company, Sierra Space. India's space shuttle, therefore, could eventually develop into a spacecraft that will be mounted on top of the LVM-III rocket and carry astronauts into space.Those who watch space activities closely will also recognise that the RLV looks rather similar to the Boeing X-37B spaceplane, whose purpose of exitance seems to be shrouded in secrecy. Indeed, as I have written in a previous edition of Technopolitik, the X-37B is far less sinister than it appears. While the spacecraft is used for military purposes, its capabilities are limited to reconnaissance and small satellite deployment. It would not come as a surprise if the RLV is repurposed for military utility. After all, ISRO's tweets mention that the test was developed along wide the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Air Force. Having a spaceplane similar to the X-37B will give India's military space operators the ability to perform rendezvous and proximity operations, including the capability to deploy micro satellite for inspections. Our Reading Menu[Book] Algorithmic Modernity: Mechanizing Thought and Action, 1500-2000, edited by Morgan G. Ames and Massimo Mazzotti. [Article] Engines of power: Electricity, AI, and general-purpose, military transformations by Jeffrey Ding and Allan Dafoe.[Op-ed] The TikTok Debate Should Start With Reciprocity; Everything Else Is Secondary by David Moschella. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit hightechir.substack.com

Welcome to IoT Coffee Talk #73 where we have a chat about all things IoT over a cup of coffee or two with some of the industry's leading business minds, thought leaders and technologists in a totally unscripted, organic format. Thanks for joining us. Sit back with a cup of Joe and enjoy the morning banter. In this installment, we discuss NB-IoT. Why is it only making it in China and why are device makers in the West complaining that there is no profit in the 3GPP standard for LPWAN? We also discuss the challenges of getting connectivity outside our city centers.  Thanks for listening to us! Watch episodes at http://iotcoffeetalk.com/. Your hosts include Leonard Lee, Stephanie Atkinson, Marc Pous, David Vasquez, Rob Tiffany, Bill Pugh, Rick Bullotta and special guests. We support Elevate Our Kids to bridge the digital divide by bringing K-12 computing devices and connectivity to support kids' education in under-resourced communities. Please donate.

The relationship between satellite operators and cellular wireless carriers has always been complicated, vacillating between being close business partners, fierce competitors, and regulatory rivals. Though dwarfed in size by its cellular wireless peers, satellite operators have endured and maintained a relatively stable co-existence in the telecommunications family.  However, something has changed recently that has put satellites in the spotlight, driving companies like T-Mobile and Apple to sign contracts and partnerships to utilize satellite services and integrate them with their own. There seems to be a renewed curiosity about space connectivity happening in the wireless world. To figure out the cause of this development and to discuss the impact of satellites breaching the iPhone, we've invited NSR Research Director Brad Grady on the podcast to share his wisdom on what's happening in the market. Brad explains the history of the fascinating relationship between the satellite and cellular industries, and explains how and why their interests are aligning now more than ever. He also outlines how the development of the 3GPP standard and direct satellite-to-cell connectivity, as well as the rising cost of infrastructure and the desperate need to find new customers drove these long-time “frenemies” to the negotiating table. This episode of On Orbit is brought to you by a.i. solutions®, a company that has worked to provide innovative, cost-effective space engineering services, products and support to enable uninterrupted and reliable access to space for the past 25 years. Now, a.i. solutions is about to introduce FreeFlyer 7.8, built to optimize your space mission. FreeFlyer 7.8 is packed with new features to improve your mission's success. Learn more about those features by visiting ai-solutions.com/onorbit.

In today's episode of Tech Talks Daily, Olof Liberg from Ericsson joins me in a discussion about how the telecoms industry is aligning around 5G-advanced to support immersive reality, evolving IoT, and sustainability. Olof Liberg is a researcher and program Manager at Ericsson's department for Standards & Technologies. Olof joined Ericsson in 2008 and specialized in designing and standardizing cellular radio access technologies. He is currently leading Ericsson's 3GPP radio access network standardization team. Olof holds a bachelor's degree in Business and Economics and a master's degree in Engineering Physics, both from Uppsala University.

World Satellite Business Week (WSBW) has wrapped up in Paris capping off what has been a very busy summer for the satellite industry. Via Satellite Managing Editor Rachel Jewett attended the week-long event, covering a number of executive panel sessions for the magazine's e-newsletter. She joins us on the On Orbit podcast to outline the key takeaways from the conference and what she learned behind-the-scenes. Rachel explains how the CEOs from the world's largest satellite operators responded to some of the biggest news stories of the season, including Eutelsat's combination with OneWeb, SpaceX's Starlink partnership with T-Mobile, and Globalstar bringing emergency communication functions to Apple's iPhone 14. She also shares insights from regional operators, imagery and sensing market leaders, space journalists, and a humorous story involving her newly adopted dog eating a souvenir she brought home. If you want to learn more about how satellite operators are forming new partnerships with terrestrial and wireless carriers, come out to Mobile World Congress on Thursday, September 29th to attend SATELLITE's SAT @ MWC conference program, featuring keynotes from SES, SpaceX, Intelsat, and Globalstar, as well as panel sessions on satellite-powered 5G, 3GPP compatibility, capacity pricing, and b2b and enterprise connectivity!  

A tecnologia 5G é mais do que uma nova geração de tecnologia móvel. Ela vai representar uma revolução na sociedade em que vivemos impulsionando a produtividade na indústria, economia e em diversos campos do conhecimento. Este foi o tema de um dos painéis do 42º Congresso Internacional da ABPI. Para discutir o assunto, convidamos Ícaro Leonardo da Silva, diretor de patentes da Ericsson, que atuou no desenvolvimento e negociações de licenciamento do portfólio de patentes essenciais do padrão 5G, representou a Ericsson no processo de padronização junto ao 3GPP e é reconhecido como um dos inventores da tecnologia. Ícaro fez parte da graduação na École Centrale de Lyon, na França, mas é cientista brasileiro, saído da Universidade Federal do Ceará e reconhecido no mundo todo. Neste talk, ele fala sobre o que é a Sociedade 5.0 e seu impacto na vida das pessoas visando melhorar o bem estar humano. Fala também sobre como atua o fórum 3GPP para a padronização e interoperabilidade da tecnologia, o incentivo à inovação no Brasil, patentes essenciais e a importância da Propriedade Intelectual no 5G. "Precisamos discutir de forma transparente com as outras empresas para que aconteça a interoperabilidade e para isso precisamos de proteção. Daí a importância da PI para as telecomunicações".

In this episode of The G2 on 5G, Anshel and Will Cover:1. Mavenir lays off half of its marketing staff & secures public credit facilities - is there trouble in Open RAN land?2. Motorola Edge 5G phone launches with MediaTek's Dimensity 1050 which for the first time brings mmWave support to a MediaTek-based device, MediaTek also announced the T830 which is squarely aimed at enabling FWA CPEs and portable Wi-Fi 7 hotspots.3. Mediatek successfully powers a smartphone with a 5G non-terrestrial network in a lab environment- what could it mean for connectivity and Omnispace & AST Spacemobile deployments? 4. Omnispace wants to compete with AST Spacemobile to deliver satellite connectivity to smartphone using a standards-based approach, building its technology around the 3GPP's Rel. 17 NTN standards. Has 2 satellites launched, $140M raised and announced a partnership with the Philippines' operator Smart.5. AT&T plans to have half of its traffic running on white box switches and open hardware by the end of the year - what's the significance for its 5G deployment plans?6. The 2.5 GHz auction is nearing its end at $347 million after 41 rounds of bidding with only 300 of the 8000 available licenses still up for contention in round 42 of bidding

Communication via Light, Li-Fi, can resolve the congestion of the radio spectrum. The EU Horizon 2020 project ELIoT works towards widespread deployment in the market. Standards are an important prerequisite for such mass deployment. As Light Communications can serve a wide variety of applications, a single standard is not sufficient to allow for high-performance cost-optimized solutions for all cases. Current light communication standards already fulfill many of the requirements covered through the 5th generation mobile communication system (5G). It can be leveraged with current 3GPP specifications to provide 5G services over light communication. However, further standardization is required to fully leverage the capabilities of light communications for use cases and requirements that are currently outside of the possibilities of wireless interfaces. Our guest is Max Riegel, Nokia Standards – Senior Standards Specialist at Nokia. Host: Jean-Paul Linnartz --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/podcasts-4-brainport/message

Analysts Don Kellogg and Roger Entner discuss the latest news in telecom, media, and  technology.  0:28: How patents and intellectual property affect the tech industry. 1:50: Is there a difference between innovation and invention? 4:34: How this is working out in the U.S. 5:57: The strategies companies use to game the system and why. 9:14: If the patents are weak, won't the system work itself out through lawyers? 12:21: What the resolution could be for these problems. Tags: telecom, telecommunications, business, wireless, cellular phone, cellular service, Recon Analytics, Don Kellogg, Roger Entner, patents, intellectual property, innovation, invention, 3GPP, chips, 5G, patent protection, Apple, Qualcomm,

The podcast opens up with Alper introducing himself, LoRa Alliance, and the importance of having an alliance in a space like this. The conversation then turns to the tech, with Alper discussing the feature of LoRaWAN and what makes it unique in the connectivity space. Ryan and Alper also discuss the different types of networks in LoRa, a few of the current challenges in the industry, and details about the upcoming LoRaWAN World Expo.Alper is a technology architect involved in the research, design, standardization, and productization of IoT and mobile technologies. He currently serves as the VP of Advanced Technology Development at Actility, the leading system vendor in the IoT LP-WAN field, and Vice-Chairman of the BoD and Chairman of the Technical Committee at the LoRa Alliance. Before his current post, he worked for Samsung Electronics Research Center, leading the 5G IP mobility, 4G WiMAX security, and ETSI M2M security design projects. During his tenure at Samsung, DoCoMo USA Labs, and Sun Microsystems, he contributed to the design and standardization of networking technologies, including Mobile IP, IPv6, and Zigbee IP. In contributor and committee capacities, he has been actively involved in international standards organizations such as IETF, 3GPP, ETSI, LoRa Alliance, Zigbee Alliance, and WiMAX Forum. In addition to global R&D engagements, he is also driving the formation of the IoT R&D ecosystem in Turkey as the founder of the "Nesnelerin Interneti Toplulugu (IoTxTR)." He is on the Industry Advisory Board of Bogazici University Computer Engineering Department, where he has also started an IoT course jointly with the faculty.

Guest: Niv David Guest title: Customer Cyber Security Director, Ericsson North America; Fellow & Lecturer, Yuval Ne'eman Workshop for Science, Technology and Security, Tel-Aviv University Language: English Abstract The 5th generation of cellular networks is not just an upgrade of previous generations such as LTE. 5G is changing the cellular networks infrastructure, deployment, orchestration, operations and security. 5G infrastructure, and Private Networks, blur the traditional distinction between IT, 3GPP, Wi-Fi and Cellular, providing incredible functionality, while creating new challenges. In this episode we spoke with Niv David, Customer Cyber security director at Ericsson North America, about the innovation of 5G networks and how it is changing the networking infrastructure and cloud usage.

Personal Transformation Through Technology | Prakash Ramchandran | #TGV222   Personal Transformation Through Technology | #TGV222 “Clearly the thing that's transforming is not the technology, it's the technology that is transforming you.” -Jeanne W. Ross GENRE: Technology, Transformation, Effect of Technology, Evolution Tune in to episode #TGV222 to know more about the future of Technological transformation. Here is a gist of the interview with the timestamps from Naveen Samala's conversation with Prakash Ramchandran: 0:00:00 Guest Introduction 0:02:50 3 things that helped in Prakash's career 0:05:35 Evolution of Technologies 0:10:30 Technology's effect on Humans 0:19:29 Prakash's favorite Technology transformation? 0:20:43 Let's talk about the worst Technology transformation 0:21:53 Technology trends in future 0:26:45 Witty answers to Rapid-fire questions 0:30:40 A piece of advice from Prakash 0:33:20 Trivia about McDonalds ABOUT THE GUEST: Prakash Ramchandran is an accomplished Technology Professional. He has led several start-ups in areas of ICT and Digital technologies.  His areas of expertise include a spectrum of Technologies, Emerging Technology in Digital, Operational, and Knowledge involving Edge, Cloud, IoT & End-2-End 5G Data Communications.  He has held Key positions in IEEE, ETSI, 3GPP, IoT, Open Source, Electronics & Semi Tech Management    CONNECT WITH THE HOSTS ON LINKEDIN: Naveen Samala: https://www.linkedin.com/mwlite/in/naveensamala Sudhakar Nagandla: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nvsudhakar FOLLOW ON TWITTER: @guidingvoice @naveensamala @s_nagandla

Tech power couple Dean Anthony Gratton and Sarah-Jayne Gratton join All Things 5G for a discussion about where 5G is today, where it’s going, and some of the most mind-blowing applications of the technology today and in the near future.

Intended for non-public use, private 5G network is the next big thing in digital transformation for enterprises, industries and governments around the world.   It is essentially a local area network that uses 3GPP-based network spectrum, to create unified connectivity and a secure means of communication within a specific area.   Private 5G network is on the cusp of taking off around the world. Last year, Germany issued 5G private licenses to over 33 companies — for companies like BASF, BMW, Bosch, Lufthansa, Siemens, Volkswagen etc — to run exclusive networks. France, the UK, the US and Australia are also putting in place policies to roll out private 5G networks. Back home, Indian IT majors are planning to deploy private 5G test beds spread over their several campuses across the country. Tata Consultancy Services, engineering services provider L&T Technology Services and Tech Mahindra are reportedly planning to adopt private 5G networks. A private 5G network enables enterprises to dedicate bandwidth for ultra-reliable low-latency use cases such as robotics and industrial IoT, with control over data, security and networks. It can also be tailored for specific industry and business requirements. Private 5G network use cases Superior service security through SIM-based authentication Improved control and management of network connectivity  Better availability and coverage by new spectrum bands  Full control over the enterprise's operating processes  Enhanced data security, as data is segregated and processed locally  Controlled latency enables near real-time communication Network can be optimised for specific user groups, devices or applications  The technology offers superior security through SIM-based authentication, better control and management of connectivity, full control over the enterprise's operating processes, real-time communication through controlled latency, and network slicing benefits allowing the network to be optimised for the needs of specific user groups and devices.   What are some of the TRAI recommendations Enterprise may request telecom service providers (TSPs) to establish an independent isolated private network at enterprise's premises using the TSP's spectrum Enterprise may obtain the spectrum on lease from TSPs and establish their isolated captive wireless private network Enterprise may obtain the spectrum directly from the government and establish their own isolated captive wireless private network Certain spectrum be earmarked for captive wireless private networks to be assigned directly by DoT to captive wireless private network permission holders/licensees Captive wireless private network should not be connected to the public network in any manner TRAI recently recommended that enterprises in may request Telecom Service Providers to establish an independent private 5G network in the enterprise premises using the service provider's spectrum. Enterprises may obtain 5G spectrum on lease from service providers and establish their own isolated Captive Wireless Private Network. Enterprises may also obtain the spectrum directly from the government and establish their own captive network. "Telecom Service Providers have and going forward will invest lakhs of crore rupees in network rollouts. Enterprise services constitute 30-40% of the industry's overall revenues. Private networks once again disincentivise the telecom industry to invest in networks and continue paying high levies and taxes", the Cellular Operators Association of India said However, according to media reports, leading Indian telecom service providers have contested the move of private 5G spectrum allocation to enterprises and corporates, as it poses a threat to their future revenues.  In an appeal to TRAI, COAI said,  "Disallow private ent

“We would see much more deals and less friction with SEPs and FRAND if people were to do things with more rigorousness and transparency!” Johanna Dwyer is the founder and CEO of QipWorks, a global IP consultancy business that partners with companies, innovators and investors to build, manage and utilize IP portfolios. Before QipWorks Johanna spent 12 years at BlackBerry, originally designing radios as a cellular wireless engineer and later participating and then leading a global radio standards team active among others, in 3GPP and the IEEE. She worked closely with licensing teams developing processes for identifying, evaluating, managing, validating, and monetizing investments in intellectual property.Johanna and her QipWorks team provide extensive expertise in IP strategy and patent portfolio development and management as well as litigation support and standardization advice. Johanna realized that many small and medium-sized businesses yet do not treat patents as their core assets. Such assets must be explainable and have a purpose for the business. QipWorks helps with developing patent portfolios and here in particular for companies that conduct research and development close to the development of standards such as 4G/5G or Wi-Fi technologies. Johanna was part of the team that developed the BlackBerry patent portfolio that was just in January 2022 sold for $600M to Catapult IP Innovations Inc.. The BlackBerry patent portfolio includes many SEPs for standards such as 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, Wi-Fi, AVC/HEVC/VVC and others. Patents that read on a standard are of high value as SEPs can be used to join or create SEP licensing programs or as bargaining chips in FRAND cross-licensing negotiations. In any case, owning SEPs ensures the owner a seat at the table when the next generation of connectivity is developed. But filing patents that later become standard-essential is a challenging process. R&D teams, IP patent boards, and prosecution teams must closely work together. Here claims must be compared to the current standard versions early on, which is challenging as standards evolve and claims change in the prosecution process before they are granted. Johanna and her team make sure that such patents are not only essential but also valid and enforceable. Johanna says: “With SEPs a near miss is worthless. If your patent claims miss the final standard you may as well abandon those patents as they have no value”. Standards development and being able to contribute to technology is much more time and budget-consuming as many people think. An engineer that goes to standards meetings must prepare for the meeting, must be active at meetings but also be able to take the learnings from the meetings to again prepare the next one. That is a full-time job with the focus on submitting high-quality standard contributions that others agree and accept in the process. That engineer has no time to sit with patent attorneys. At Research in Motion (Blackberry) Johanna explains, they had so-called standards coaches whose job it was to “own” the patent in the prosecution process, aligning patent filing and standard development strategy. All that is very labor-intensive, and experts need to know both the technology and at the same time must have knowledge of the patent prosecution process.But owning SEPs is just the beginning, one must also have the right strategy in place to sell, license, or further develop SEP portfolios in the market. Johanna believes that such a process can only be installed in companies that realize that patents are core assets and that patents must have value for the shareholder. Patent strategy therefore should be introduced and play a core role for board room decisions. 

Hear Matthew Baker, Head of Radio Layer at Nokia, explain the value of 5G-Advanced for consumers, CSPs, enterprise and industrial users.

Since July 2018 Pio Suh is assigned as the Managing Director of IPCom based in Munich, Germany. He is an attorney and member of the German Bar since 2006. Pio has over a decade of experience in SEP licensing and patent litigation in the field of communication technologies. He has worked in-house for several multinational Fortune 500 companies – including Qualcomm, Oracle, and Philips – to implement patent licensing, enforcement, and litigation strategies on a global scale. When IPCom was founded 15 years ago everything started with licensing the GSM and UMTS SEP portfolio acquired from Bosch. Today Pio explains that IPCom is not only acquiring SEPs from other patent holders but as a company acts as an active contributor to the 3GPP standard development. Indeed, the IPlytics contribution data confirms over a hundred contributions submitted to the 3GPP since 2016 for specifications related to top 4G and 5G technologies.Pio talks about how the legal environment changed from his time at Philips, where the licensing team back then was able to get injunctions on SEPs much easier, compared to today where in Europe it became very difficult to get injunctions for SEPs. In his perspective, with the missing threat of an injunction, a situation where the licensee delays the process is inevitable. Why would a licensee promptly pay and accept an offer if there are no costs for the delay? Pio says:“For a SEP licensee, it is always cheaper to delay the process.” If the licensee has not inventive to speed up the process, they will prolong the negotiation. Here China for some cases at least has proven to be more efficient in granting preliminary injunctions. Pio goes on to talk about the different perspectives on what is a fair reward for providing access to patented standardized technology. And for understanding what's FRAND in his view it also depends on the unit that must be considered. In his opinion, a telecommunications carrier should pay a royalty for SEPs depending on the number of network subscribers. In other words, the users of the network. Carriers argue however that one must use the net selling price of a base station as the basis to determine FRAND. Therefore, carriers do not want to pay royalties but point the finger at the base station manufacturer such as Ericsson, Huawei, or Samsung. However, in Pio's view, base stations are not the accurate unit to represent the value the patented technology brings to the users. This general misalignment about what the basis for FRAND determination should be and who should pay in the value chain makes it difficult to negotiate.IPCom owns SEP portfolios in the cellular telecommunication space. Pio explains that the barrier to getting a product on the handset market is quite high and needs significant investments in R&D, know-how, manufacturing facilities supplier networks, and so on. This is very different for example to printing and pressing a DVD – where Pio targeted licensees during his time at Philips – and here the licensee market looks very different. For handsets consequently, only larger corporations such as Apple, Samsung, Huawei, HTC but also new players such as Xiaomi, OPPO or Vivo are on the market, who are the licensees that IPCom approaches. While easy to identify and big pockets guaranteed, these companies are very experienced in defending themselves and that makes licensing quite challenging.Pio stresses in his final remarks that for him it often goes back to the fundamentals of intellectual property rights. Imagine someone wants to use the house you own and live in. Yes, you can rent out your house but you can still decide who is allowed to rent it and for what price. For intellectual property, you have the same rights and the legal system must ensure that you are able to enforce your rights and that you will receive fair compensation for the use of your rights.

In this standalone episode of the G2 on 5G, Anshel and Will speak with Juan Montojo, Qualcomm's VP of Technical Standards about the upcoming 3GPP Release 18 specification which will follow Release 17, expected to be finalized later this year. 3GPP Rel. 18 is the beginning of the second phase of the 5G global standard with the designation of 5G Advanced which is expected to begin the transition to 6G. We cover the following questions:W: Can you talk about the major enhancements that 3GPP Rel. 18 could bring to 5G over what we've seen in 15, 16, and 17? A: Are there any significant projects looking at improvements in performance expected? A: Rel. 17 brings satellite into the fray, how does 18 enhance the possibility of satellite in handsets? W: Does R18 drive incremental infrastructure requirements? W: What R18 enhancements are positioned to help operators monetize their multi-billion-dollar 5G deployments? A: How does Qualcomm's role in infrastructure influence your view on 3GPP Rel. 18 (eg - small cell for densification, OpenRAN, IoT) A: Are there any other Rel. 18 items that we should know about that haven't been covered yet?

How MulteFire is creating and supporting opportunities in private wireless Nokia, along with Qualcomm, created the MulteFire Alliance in 2015. Its purpose was to create a global ecosystem for the deployment of 4G LTE in configurations that used unlicensed spectrums, and to create MulteFire specifications.  In the years since, these specifications have been embedded into the 3GPP standards. One example is the additive Listen Before Talk, known as LBT, which helps to ensure smart co-existence with local wi-fi networks. Industries have realised they need cellular connectivity, particularly LTE or 5G, to digitalize operations and activate new use cases. As a result, private wireless networks are now deployed across the world. However, in some cases deployment faces a bottleneck in the form of spectrum. In some countries, there is limited LTE spectrum; in the UK, for instance, there is less than 20MHz of spectrum bandwidth available for industries, which need a lot of capacity for data-hungry applications such as video surveillance. Some other nations do not have a coherent policy in terms of LTE license allocations for industrial sites. They are often too expensive, or not yet adapted to the context. There is also an increasing demand for temporary LTE cellular networks for events, field hospitals or even construction sites. MulteFire delivers a solution to all these problems. It has 450MHz of bandwidth in the 5GHz frequency band, comes with zero cost, is easy to access and is available in most countries. In the context of the scarcity of spectrum, MulteFire is a gold mine. MulteFire is much more than an enhanced version of wi-fi MulteFire is unlicensed, and it leverages some of wi-fi's spectrum bands. It is, however, far more than simply “wi-fi on steroids”. There are some critical advantages to MulteFire, particularly in the context of Industry 4.0. Coverage: Industrial sites are complex, with walls and panels and plenty of metal, which means radio planning can be a nightmare. MulteFire leverages the capability of 3GPP LTE 4G features, which means one of its access points can deliver the same coverage as more than four wi-fi access points. This makes it a far more compelling deployment than wi-fi. Mobility: This is vital for many industrial applications, such as autonomous mobile robots. They move around a site, which means network connectivity must be always on, everywhere. Wi-fi does not support handovers between access points, so it cannot support this type of business-critical use case, whereas MulteFire can. Security: MulteFire is a 3GPP technology with SIM authentication and end-to-end encryption, which makes it superior to wi-fi in an age of increasingly sophisticated cyber attacks. How Nokia's MulteFire modem is blazing a trail Nokia recently announced industry's first certified MulteFire user equipment, the MulteFire modem. This is a field router that connects to assets such as sensors and machines via USB or Ethernet, and enables them to connect to a private wireless network using MulteFire certified access points. We use the same architecture and core network as our private wireless network, the Nokia Digital Automation Cloud. The combination of MulteFire, where no spectrum authorization is needed, and NDAC makes it simple for anyone to deploy a private network anywhere in the world. Nokia is recognized by major industry analysts as not just a leader, but the leader in this field. We have several hundred customers and are adding dozens more every quarter. Our expertise and experience in the various sectors, regions and countries sets Nokia apart. While LTE licenses can be a barrier in some countries, with MulteFire it is possible to deliver connectivity in any country in the world. This new innovation will drive the MulteFire ecosystem via the MulteFire Alliance. For more insights around all things private, 4.9G, LTE and 5G, please contact the private wireless team at Nokia.

Why Nokia is so excited about 5G and private wireless technology At Nokia, we are very excited about 5G. This is the first technology of its kind that has been designed from the start with industry in mind. Over time, it will bring significant improvement to almost 100% of industrial use cases. That's why we have launched the industry's first commercial, 5G SA private wireless solution. We felt the time was right because the 5G architect of the future is set to be the base for all industrial innovation. Its features include ultra reliability, low latency, time-sensitivity and communication. All of these factors represent a leap forward compared to 4.9G and LTE. We want to provide the whole system and our partners with a highly reliable system that can really help to accelerate the 5G ecosystem. We want to show them what 5G can do, so that the ecosystem players can integrate this chipset inside their next generation systems. That element of ecosystem will help to kick-start the market. Without industrial systems and devices, you are quite limited in what you can do in real operation with a private 5G network. On top of the need for 5G spectrum, and the fact that industrial OEMs have a slow refresh cycle, we don't foresee an overwhelming volume of 5G private wireless pick-up until about 2025. And 5G private wireless might not overtake private wireless based on 4.9G LTE until the end of the decade. 4.9G capabilities mean a smooth transition to 5G One of the reasons for this is that 4.9G includes capabilities that will stay on in the age of 5G. For example, LTE-M and Narrowband IoT provide the very deep and wide connectivity for low power, but long battery life, sensor – which is really important for many enterprise applications. Most private wireless solutions today that run 4.9G can and will provide a smooth evolution to 5G, which will be important in the coming years. 4G dates back several years but, like a good wine, it has got better with age. With every new release from 3GPP, the technology has been enhanced. Plenty of critical connectivity and IoT features have been added, with the result that the most recent version was called 4.9G. Automotive sector in top gear for the drive to 5G private networks To put things in perspective, the private cellular market in 2021 remains about LTE rather than 5G in real terms. While key pieces of the 5G ecosystem are being developed, the good news is that 4.9G LTE can handle the lion's share of current industry use cases. Most of Nokia's customer deployments in the last couple of years have been very much based on 4.9G LTE, and we anticipate that many of our customers will be running 4.9G LTE – maybe with 5G – for at least the next five to ten years. Private wireless based on 4.9G LTE already provides massive leaps in capability and performance compared to former or existing wireless technology. Nevertheless, there are some specific markets where there is a bigger drive towards 5G than others. That early demand is particularly visible in the automotive manufacturing industry. The reason for this is that OEMs are designing today the factories that will build cars in five or six years' time. They are eager to get their hands on a private wireless 5G capability that will drive the 5G industrial ecosystem space and ensure that when they build those factories, they can instantly take advantage of 5G. Quest for innovation in cellular communication is nothing new We should not forget that the history of cellular communication technology goes back nearly 30 years. Both 4G and 5G come from a standards body called 3GPP, which represents a large group of different shareholders, both in the telecoms space and the industry. The first technology that came from this group was GSM, or 2G, back in 1992, which is when the mobile phone became mass market. That was followed by 3G UMTS, before the creation of what we call today LTE or 4G in 2008. The common DNA for voice technology was the need to bring consumer and enterprise users a reliable mobile service, whether voice or data, in all possible environments. So the quest for innovation, and the need for reliable wireless communication, is not new. But it's only in the last three of four years that the industry has realized the potential of reliable high-speed wireless data networks in commercial sites. We are now in a position where Industry 4.0, and the digitalization that you need, is happening now. By adopting early, with applications such as digital twins, you can start reaping the benefits of increased flexibility, efficiency, resilience and sustainability. There are plenty of benefits to connecting assets now, and getting real-time data, and an overview of what's happening at your sites. And, when the time does come for 5G, you'll be in a better position to make a smooth upgrade to add it to your sites. For more information: Private wireless | Nokia To listen to our other episodes: Nokia Private Wireless audio library | Nokia

Lisa LeVasseur is an MBA technologist with a background in Computer Science and Philosophy. Lisa began strategic work in cellular telecom industry standards in the late ‘90s while at Motorola. Since then, she has participated in 3GPP, 3GPP2, MEIF, WAP Forum, IETF, W3C, IEEE and Kantara Initiative.  The Me2B Alliance is setting the standard for respectful technology. It is backed by a group of software engineers, policy analysts, UX experts, business and philanthropic leaders who are committed to giving individuals more say in how technology treats people. References: Me2B Alliance Me2B Principles and explanatory video  Lisa LeVasseur on LinkedIn Digital Harms Dictionary

In this episode of The IoT Unicorn Podcast, Rob Tiffany, VP and Head of IoT Strategy at Ericsson explores the development of 5G and LPWA technology for IoT solutions, what it looks like for Telco's to be successful in the IoT space, and how the Internet is playing the hero during the uncertainty of the Covid-19 pandemic. Download the Transcript Here   00:00 Pete Bernard: Great, so Rob, thanks for joining us today on the Unicorn, and really appreciate you taking the time. I was going to start by asking you a couple things about what your role is currently at Ericsson, kinda how you got there. I know that you and I did work together at Microsoft years ago back in the Windows Mobile days.   00:24 Rob Tiffany: Woo hoo.   00:25 PB: Good times, good times.   00:25 RT: Those were good times. Yep, absolutely. [chuckle]   00:28 PB: Yes. I thin, I think you were... Let's see, when did you stop working for Windows Mobile, like 2008 or something? Or is that...   00:38 RT: Yeah. And certainly by 2010 or around that timeframe I took an architect role in another group and probably started spending more time on Azure. I was at Microsoft for 12 years and so the first half was Mobile, Windows Mobile, CEE, Windows Phone. Second half was Azure, Azure IoT. And you know what? We had some good times in the Windows Mobile days when it was just us and BlackBerry slugging it out. We were making... When things like Exchange ActiveSync was a big deal to people.   01:21 PB: That's right, that was a big deal.   01:24 RT: Yeah, yeah, absolutely. And then no doubt, when we rebooted and did Windows Phone 7 and 7.5 and all that, I used to do so many EBCs for mobility and you noticed a difference and you had to get really thick skin. [chuckle]   01:42 PB: Yes, yes, yes, I know. Well, I peeled off after six... I think, so I went on to Zune incubation, I did Kin and I did all kinds of weird phone things and went off into the wilderness for a while on that while everyone else finished up with Windows Phone, but...   02:00 RT: Oh my gosh.   02:01 PB: And I also noticed on your LinkedIn profile. So you went to SUNY Albany. Are you from that area originally or...   02:07 RT: You know what? I finished college on board a submarine, so when I was in the Navy driving subs I had what, maybe 30 or so hours to go to graduate, and so I've actually never set foot on the SUNY Albany campus...   02:26 PB: Oh, wild.   02:27 RT: But the military has programs with lots of different universities around the country and to show how old I really am, I was able to take college courses underway on the submarine using Pioneer LaserDiscs.   02:42 PB: Wow.   02:43 RT: For college instruction, if anybody remembers what that was. [laughter]   02:47 PB: Yeah, that is old school, that's old school.   02:50 RT: That is fully old school.   02:52 PB: I actually just dropped my daughter off at Bard, which is a little south of Albany, so I was just there like a week ago, so that's why I asked.   02:58 RT: Oh, okay.   02:58 PB: I saw that on your profile and I was like, "Oh, yeah." It's a cool area, the Adirondacks, the whole upstate New York thing is cool.   03:04 RT: I know. Absolutely. Yeah, I just dropped my daughter off at Arizona State last week.   03:09 PB: Yeah.   03:10 RT: It was a little warm down there.   03:11 PB: Yeah, I could imagine, I could imagine.   03:14 RT: To say the least. But you know what? I think everything started back then with submarines and teaching myself how to code and do databases, and when you think about IoT, you're just remoting information that you had on these local sensors and we were surrounded by sensors on the submarine. There's the obvious things like sonar and things like that and this higher frequency one to see what your depth is below the keel, but inside you had CO2 radiation, all kinds of gas sensors and things like that to make sure we were still alive, which was kind of a thing. [chuckle]   04:02 PB: Yeah, it's kind of important.   04:04 RT: Yeah, yeah, absolutely.   04:06 PB: That's interesting. So you did the Microsoft thing and so you joined Ericsson a couple years ago, I think?   04:13 RT: Yeah, yeah, yeah. I did the Microsoft thing. I was recruited out of the Azure back when we were doing incubating Azure IT. There was that time... And actually Microsoft IoT stuff started in the embedded team with Intelligence System Service, but then I went to Hitachi actually to build an industrial IoT platform called Lumada, which was really interesting. But yes, I joined Ericsson a couple years ago. Up until recently, I split my time between Seattle and Stockholm. Normally I'd be in Kista, the Ericsson headquarters with the rest of my team. So yes, certainly disconnected these days.   05:00 PB: Yeah, interesting.   05:00 RT: And what Ericsson is doing in IoT is very different than my background both at Microsoft and Hitachi for sure, which was more data-focused, outcomes, analytics. Ericsson manages among... We have an IoT team. We have three products. Our big one is this IoT Accelerator, which is basically a global connection management platform. If you know what Jasper is, it's kinda like that in some ways. It spans about 35 or so mobile operators around the world and lots of enterprises. But the key thing, you know how we're always talking about that initial bootstrapping of devices to get them connected, right?   05:46 PB: Yep.   05:47 RT: In the event that you're using cellular for IoT, one of your options would be this IoT Accelerator thing we have at Ericsson, and so the narrative would be if a machine is being manufactured in Shenzhen and at manufacturer time, they're putting in the microcontroller and the software and the security keys and all that stuff, and there's also a cellular module, and if they're using our technology then when a customer buys that product and they turn it on the first time somewhere else in the world, maybe France, then it wakes up and connects to a local mobile operator to start sync telemetry.   06:24 PB: I see, so it's like a bootstrap profile kind of thing that phones home and then you guys connect it up to the right telco network.   06:35 RT: Yeah, and then it roams as well. But it's different than anybody who, if you... At least when IoT was getting hyped I was doing IoT-M to M in the '90s, but when it really started getting hyped after 2010, 2012, whatever, you started seeing these global SIMs and things like that that are just roaming all the time.   06:58 PB: Yes.   07:00 RT: But what the average person doesn't realize is mobile operators don't always want you roaming and just camped out on their network if you're from somewhere else.   07:08 PB: Yeah, yeah.   [laughter]   07:10 RT: And so our technology, aside from the technology and we're operating our own network, so even though Ericsson creates the technologies that mobile operators use, we actually manage our own network that spans the globe, that interfaces with all these other mobile operators, and then there's lots of contracts and everything. But the take away to make sure that it's all okay with them, that these devices... And we are also in the connected car space and we've been doing that for a long time. And so you can imagine a car manufactured in Japan and sold in Europe.   07:46 PB: Sure.   07:47 RT: And the whole infotainment, and then as we move forward, more and more IOT telemetry coming off, those cards may wanna roam from country to country, so we do a lot of stuff with those guys too.   08:00 PB: I noticed that recently I got an email this morning from account team in Finland talking about a telco, there seems to be this confluence of telco and IoT. And I've seen, and I think you might have had some commentary on that too or pointed some articles about 5G plus AI plus IoT, or there's something about... We're seeing some telcos have really... Forward leaning telcos, really investing and thinking about IoT as the next big wave for them. Ericsson is part of that story too. Is there some unnatural attraction between IoT and telco or what's going on there? Are you seeing the same thing?   08:40 RT: Yeah, I am. But of course, if you'll remember, we saw this before. When the IoT craze started taking off, you might remember a lot of the telcos built their own IoT platforms and waited for people to come...   08:54 PB: That's right.   08:54 RT: And people didn't always show up, and so it seems like most of the mobile operators actually took a stab at it back then. Of course, if we go back further in time, most mobile operators thought that it was their right to be the cloud as well and they gave a shot at that, but it didn't work out either. But you're right, there's a renewed effort. I think a lot of it's just numbers and money. We've saturated smartphones and people, and so we need... Lots of mobile operators for better or worse, think of the world in SIMs. [chuckle] Connected SIM endpoints, that's how they see the world. And so it's like, "Okay, we've maxed out all the SIMs on people. [laughter] Where are we gonna get some more SIMs?" And so they're thinking, "Oh, it's IoT." And so that's where a lot of it's coming. We've certainly seen some of them turning on, some of them like NB-IoT and CAT-M1, LTE-M networks to try to take a stab at that. And so that's kind of cruising along.   10:09 PB: I noticed that... And I love to buy all the gadgets and stuff and I'm also very invested in the whole LPWA space, I'm a big believer in that. And I'm curious and I see some things happening there, but it just seems like such a no-brainer for some of these WiFi connected things. Like I just installed a garage door opener in my house, I have a separate garage and it's WiFi connected for some reason, but I have to stand on a step ladder and scan a QR code and hold it next to it. I'm like, "Why doesn't it just turn on and connect through a little power cellular?" Just such a no-brainer, but it hasn't quite yet turned on.   10:49 RT: Yeah. No, you're right. Are you connected much with the SemTech guys doing LoRa?   10:56 PB: SemTech, not that much. No, no.   10:58 RT: Okay, okay. It's funny, so much of this is the people you work with over the years. When I went to Hitachi to build this industrial thing, I had a couple of compadres from Microsoft come along as well, but needless to say a couple of those guys are actually working for SemTech now and pushing hard on the whole LoRaWan thing.   11:23 PB: I see.   11:24 RT: And it looks like they're getting traction actually.   11:27 PB: Is LoRaWan, is that unlicensed or is that licensed? I think that's unlicensed.   11:31 RT: It's unlicensed, yeah.   11:32 PB: There's always those two camps, there's the licensed, which you got all your telcos with their spectrum and their 3GPP stuff, and then the unlicensed, which is probably a lot faster on the innovation side, but...   11:45 RT: Yes, they can get to market faster. You may remember, gosh, how many years ago was it when we were at Mobile World Congress and Sigfox launched out of nowhere. And they raised a bunch of money and they... But they weren't gonna do what the LoRaWan and guys did, they tried to be their own mobile operator as well. And so yeah, it's been interesting watching that. And you're right, they can get to market faster. They were using Sub-1 GHz and some rules, EU rules about how often you could send a signal and how big it could be, and they're like, "Hey, I think we can thread the needle here."   12:21 PB: Yes.   [laughter]   12:23 PB: Yeah, no, I'm looking forward to the LPWA stuff becoming more mainstream and just more turn key, if you will 'cause it just seems like it's such a low hanging fruit. There's the obvious metering and telemetry and that's parking meters and gas meters but even a lot of this current WiFi connected gear that people buy, it's just painful to get it all... I just installed a juice box level two charger for my house.   12:55 RT: Okay.   12:56 PB: And again, I had to download the app and the app... I had to connect the juice box to my phone and my phone to my WiFi and the blah, blah, blah. And I'm like, "What is happening?" It's just...   13:06 RT: Absolutely. You know what? It's so important, or at least from my perspective, to put yourself in the shoes of a developer and what they have to go through to get something connected, and I always think of the hassle factor. If I talk to people in the telco world and say, "Why is it cellular IoT is so far behind WiFi or other ways to connect?" And a big reason is actually what you just described. It's just such a hassle and it's expensive. A developer's like, "Oh, I gotta get some kind of SIM-based module thing and I gotta... Do I need to call a mobile operator and get a plan?" And you know what? The mobile operators, they still need to work on getting their prices down lower or at an appropriate amount for a IoT endpoint, because in many cases the prices are still too high.   14:01 PB: Yeah. Well, like my garage door opener, how much data is that sending? It's like either the garage door is open or closed. It's like one bit, plus 500K of overhead. A one or a zero, open or closed.   14:15 RT: Exactly. One or a zero, yeah. And so I think for telcos to be successful, while they would probably love to charge smartphone prices for plans for things, the reality is is no one's gonna use it unless they can still have an ROI. If I'm doing agriculture and I'm trying to put a weather station in a orchard and my plan with a mobile operators costing me $30 a month, I'm never gonna make any money on that deal. It's not worth doing.   14:48 PB: Yeah, I think you're right, there's the simplicity factor, the economics obviously drive the big deployments. But yeah, hopefully we'll start to see that take hold a little bit. I wanted to actually ask you a question about... I saw a post of yours the other day talking about 5G, and I'm sure you and I both get emails and questions about 5G on a daily basis or hourly basis, but you said that it's not just another G, which I thought was a good way of describing the other aspects of 5G. When people think of 5G, I just got this Samsung Ultra, Note Ultra 20 thing beautiful... It's a beautiful thing.   15:26 RT: How do you like it?   15:27 PB: Oh, it's fantastic. It's just like, it's hard to describe how awesome it is, but... And it's got 5G in it, and so fantastic, classic use case. And I work with Qualcomm all the time and Cristiano Amon and all these folks and they're all like, "5G all the way." But it's almost like the rest of 5G doesn't quite get the airtime about the high density and low latency. How do you see that impacting the IoT space?   15:56 RT: Yeah. Well, if the IoT space had actually been successful, 'cause we've massively underperformed across the board, it doesn't matter what company you are or what technology you built, everyone's massively underperformed, and so... But let's just assume for a second that we've been successful and we weren't in the trough of disillusionment right now, we would've found that we would've hit bottlenecks with lots of concurrently connected devices, if we were using cellular just over normal 4G networks and things like that. But we didn't hit those bottlenecks because IoT deployments haven't been that big yet. And so, the great thing about 5G is just with that same hardware, that same gear, all of the sudden you're getting more capacity. And you're right, that's what I wrote about, no one ever talks about the capacity angle. They talk about speed and they talk about the really low latency, and all that's super important, but for IoT capacity is gonna be the most important. And so the fact that it's a hundred times more capacity for the same cell tower, the same gear, is miraculous. And then that supporting a million devices per square kilometer is... That's how we're actually gonna have connected cars working well, smart cities, all those urban, a lot of those things that require a lot of density and a lot of devices all talking together over cellular networks, that's gonna make that real and make it happen.   17:29 PB: Yeah, I hear you. And yeah, you're right, we haven't really hit the bottlenecks yet so we're not quite appreciative of it, but when you think through how many billions of devices will be connected over the next few years, you just have to go there and you have to have that infrastructure. And then the ultra-low latency stuff, I think is fascinating. From the Microsoft side, we do a lot of commercial stuff, manufacturing, healthcare, a lot of things like that, and the ultra-low latency and some of those aspects of 5G are pretty fascinating, I think, and start to get more industry 4.0 type of scenarios.   18:06 RT: Yes, absolutely.   18:09 PB: I was curious what you think about... My next question around 5G and Release 16 for 3GPP. Do we need 3GPP Release 16 to really make this 5G thing work for IoT or do we need 17? Do you have any opinion on that or is that too esoteric of a question?   18:31 RT: It's a little esoteric, and the only reason I say that is I remember talking to folks in the past who would say ridiculous things to me like, "Oh, now that we're gonna get 5G, we can finally do IoT." And I'm like, "What are you talking about? We've done IoT forever and we've done it a million different ways, and we certainly did it over GPRS and it was fine [chuckle] and so I don't need 5G to do IoT." Is it gonna make it better and is it gonna help us with this capacity? Absolutely. And you're right, these subsequent releases, getting that ultra reliable, that low latency for mission critical stuff... 'Cause as you can imagine, you're talking about Microsoft being in the industrial world, Ericsson makes private LTE and private 5G technologies. And so that's complementary to what you're doing at Microsoft, 'cause we are certainly getting pinged on a lot by a lot of giant manufacturers around the world who, as they're heading into industry 4.0, they look at some of those use cases that require mass customization, flexibility around the factory...   19:47 PB: Sure.   19:48 RT: The notion of a fixed assembly line that doesn't change is gonna go away.   19:53 PB: Right, right, that's a novelty... That's Henry Ford style stuff. Yeah, that doesn't work.   19:55 RT: Yeah, and so therefore, they won't be able to use Ethernet anymore because it's gonna move around so they need wireless, they haven't had a lot of success with WiFi and so lots of people are piloting private 5G, private LTE inside factories, distribution centers, and so that's really interesting space there.   20:19 PB: Yeah. We've seen that as well, and we also see interest from transportation hubs.   20:24 RT: Yeah.   20:27 PB: Shipping ports, airports, places that have just a lot of acreage.   20:33 RT: Absolutely.   20:34 PB: So you're talking about oil refineries, places where there's 100 acres of space and they need a homogeneous, high speed network. You're not gonna stick WiFi repeaters out on poles down the runway.   20:49 RT: Right.   20:49 PB: So yeah, so I think that's another big area. We talked about the LPWA side is cool with the parking meters and garage door openers. And then the other side, you talked about there is gonna be this big wave of transformation going on with some of these big industrial players, I think using 5G or some kind of cell technology, private cell there.   21:12 RT: Yeah. And it's amazing 'cause I've seen it in action and the coverage is insane, the distance, the speed within a large building, instead of having zillions of WiFi access points trying to create coverage, you just have a few of these radio dots that we make and it just roams and it just works seamlessly all over. That's gonna be fun to watch.   21:37 PB: That'll be fun to watch, yes. Hey, I was gonna ask you kinda change gears a little bit, so we're recording this on August 25th so we've been in this pandemic mode for quite a while. What kind of insights have you gained from this pandemic?   21:56 RT: Yes. You know what? I think I put it together 'cause I have thought about it, I've kind of taken down notes, what's worked, what's not worked. And so I would say, succinctly, digital experiences delivered over connectivity is making remote things local and so whether it's you and I chatting here, the rest of the world on Zoom like you're seeing, it's kept people together. My wife is a school teacher and so she had to start teaching remotely and her school district uses Teams 'cause I'm right by Redmond, of course. [chuckle] So an Office 365 school district.   22:49 PB: Right.   22:50 RT: Yeah, as opposed to a Google classroom school district.   22:53 PB: Sure, sure.   22:54 RT: You've seen it in the stock price with certain tech companies, it's like, "Wow, we're really using this." But it certainly plays back to IoT and the taking an experience where I would normally be local in person and making it remote and I know it sounds really simple to say that but the hero in all of this is the internet.   23:20 PB: Right.   23:21 RT: It's held together.   23:22 PB: Yes.   23:23 RT: It keeps reaffirming that it's maybe one of the greatest creations ever and it's holding together for the whole planet, which is just miraculous.   23:33 PB: Yeah. The idea of remote everything, it sounds simple, but it's so complicated and...   23:39 RT: Yeah.   23:40 PB: We talk about latency and bandwidth and other things, and just... I think it's been a lifeline for so many people, to be honest with you.   23:49 RT: It has.   23:51 PB: Just with just the video conferencing, Satya talks about the acceleration, like two years worth of acceleration in two months, basically, just 'cause people have to start collaborating with these tools like Teams and Zoom and everything else, and so we've all fast forwarded a couple of years in our adoption of some of these technologies...   24:14 RT: Absolutely.   24:14 PB: And it'll be interesting to see what sticks. As we get out of this pandemic at some point, which of these habits will stick, that we'll get more used to, and then obviously... I think maybe also for me, I also now probably have more appreciation of the in person experiences than I probably did. And I did travel recently with my daughter to get her to school and I actually enjoy traveling, I enjoy being on an airplane, and these days it's a pretty high anxiety kind of thing with lots of face shields and wipes and things, but getting back to that mode, that's something that I'll probably, for the rest of my life really appreciate being able to just freely travel.   24:58 RT: Yes, absolutely.   25:00 PB: 'Cause of this situation we're in. So it will be interesting to see. I agree with you though, I think the internet has held together and that has been the hero amongst many heroes, but...   25:10 RT: Yeah. This internet infrastructure, fiber electricity beneath the cities and the country, and then little things popping up, either cell towers or WiFi access points, that let us roam around mobility and keeping us together. Obviously, we see a lot of stuff, there's been trends and things that we've had before that's just super accelerated, like you said, like tele-medicine, remote healthcare...   25:36 PB: Yeah.   25:36 RT: Just skyrocketed.   25:39 PB: Yeah. Well, I know that there...   25:40 RT: Out of necessity.   25:41 PB: Yeah, there was... I know there was a lot of rules in place for practitioners not being able to work across state lines and a lot of those rules were suspended during the pandemic to enable people to do tele-medicine, which I thought was fantastic, they were pretty... From a layman's perspective, they seemed anachronistic that you couldn't Zoom conference with a patient in another state and actually provide support or guidance.   26:09 RT: Yeah.   26:11 PB: And so yeah, things like that, where we just moved the whole ball forward, which is a good thing.   26:17 RT: Absolutely, absolutely. No, it's all good.   26:20 PB: Good stuff.   26:21 RT: I think you learned a lot. And I do miss traveling too. I complained about it when I'm flying every few weeks to Sweden or wherever...   26:30 PB: Sure, sure.   26:31 RT: But then that abrupt end of it and just the silence and being at home... You know it's weird, when you travel a lot and you're accustomed to all these international airports and maybe the place you go to get coffee or... This broad world, for a handful of us, it's like our comfort zone and then it just ended, and I miss it. No doubt about it.   26:54 PB: Cool, so, well, Rob, thanks a lot for the time, appreciate it. And good to see you again and...   27:01 RT: Absolutely.   27:02 PB: I see you pop up on LinkedIn on almost like a daily basis, so we'll keep communicating through LinkedIn and stuff.   27:10 RT: We're teachers.   27:11 PB: Yes, exactly, exactly.   27:14 RT: Spreading the word, absolutely.   27:16 PB: Exactly. Sounds good. Alright, Rob, well, take care stay safe.   27:19 RT: You do the same, it's great talking to you.   27:21 PB: Okay, thanks.   27:22 RT: Alright, bye bye.

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Almost everyone has a cellphone in their pocket, able to access information and communicate with other phones no matter where they are - close to a WiFi hot spot or not. So why aren't there more things connected to that network as well? The regulations keeping much of those “Internet of Things” devices off cellular networks are being relaxed by the 3GPP with LTE-M and NB-IoT radio technologies approved to allow While the stand-up comics in the group may already be scribbling down notes, this isn't about sending a text from your toaster or scrolling Twitter on a fancy corkscrew. This technology has uses that will change industries as diverse as health care and shipping. “We a device in development right now for compliance for people that have IV pumps at home to make sure they're using it, when they're using it, when they're supposed to use it and for as long as they're supposed to use it for their infusions,” said Mike Wilkinson the CEO of Paragon Innovations, who also mentioned CPAP machines with technology doing similar tasks behind the scenes by sending off data to medical professionals every morning. Another use case is shipping containers and using devices that allow cargo owners and shipping companies to make sure there are no breeches. Marco Stracuzzi, the head of product marketing for Telit, noted new cellular technology must go beyond a simple one-device case, however, with those utilizing these devices needing to practice savvy device management and make sure devices can be monitored remotely and corrective action can be taken if necessary. “It's not enough to connect the device to make an IoT project successful. In fact, once you connect thousands or millions of devices in the field, you're only halfway because then you need to make sure you can manage all these objects,” Stracuzzi said.

Learn about Unified Patents hereCheck out Unified Patents Objective PAtent Landscape OPAL toolRead the Independent economic study for HEVC royaltiesShawn Ambwani LinkedIn profileRelated episode: VVC, HEVC & other MPEG codec standardsThe Video Insiders LinkedIn Group is where thousands of your peers are discussing the latest video technology news and sharing best practices. Click here to join --------------------------------------Would you like to be a guest on the show? Email: thevideoinsiders@beamr.comLearn more about Beamr-------------------------------------- TRANSCRIPT (edited slightly for readability)Narrator: 00:00 The Video Insiders is the show that makes sense of all that is happening in the world of online video as seen through the eyes of a second generation codec nerd and a marketing guy who knows what I-frames and macro blocks are. Here are your hosts, Mark Donnigan and Dror Gill. Mark Donnigan: 00:19 Well, welcome back to The Video Insiders. Dror, how you doing today? I'm doing great. How are you Mark? I am doing awesome. As always. I am super pleased to welcome Shawn Ambwani who is co-founder of Unified Patents and Shawn is gonna tell us all about what Unified Patents does and we're going to dive into, you know, just a really tremendous discussion. But Shawn, Welcome to the podcast! Shawn Ambwani: 00:46 Hey guys. Thanks Mark. Thanks for, for allowing me to participate on your wonderful podcast. I look at this as similar to 'All Things Considered' and 'How I built this', two of my favorite podcasts. Mark Donnigan: 01:01 Those are awesome podcasts by the way. What an honor? Yeah. Wow. The level that I expect you guys to be at in traffic very shortly. That's right. Well, we hope so to. Well, why don't you introduce yourself you know, and give us a quick snapshot of your background and then let's let's hear about what Unified Patents is doing. Shawn Ambwani: 01:23 It's kind of a, I have an interesting I mean some might say not so interesting, but I think it's interesting background related to this area since, you know, the first startup that I did and the second one were all related to MPEG4. So I co-founded a company called Envivio, which way back when was actually one of the original MPEG4 companies when they just had simple profile actually out there doing encoders and decoders. And then I went to a Korean company called NexStreaming, which actually still exists, which is doing encoders as well, but more for the mobile space and decoders. So it's an area I'm quite familiar with. I wasn't really being an attorney back then. Now I'm kind of more of an attorney than I was back then, but I tried to avoid being an attorney as much as possible in general. Shawn Ambwani: 02:16 And basically I helped co-found a company called Unified Patents. And what unified patents does is it gets contributions from member companies as well as it allows small companies to join for free and they participate in joining what we call zones. And these different zones are intended to protect against what we consider unsubstantiated or invalid patent assertions. And the goal of these zones is to deter those from occurring in the first place. So if you imagine the kind of a technology area, let it be content or let it be video codec in this case or other things as having a bunch of companies that have a common interest in maintaining, you know, patents and ensuring patents that are asserted in that space are valid, which means that no one invented the idea beforehand. And also that it's fairly priced and you know, people are explaining the rationale behind what they're doing and they're not basically just attempting to get people to settle out, not because the assertions are valid or good, but simply because the cost of litigation is so high when it comes to patents. Shawn Ambwani: 03:35 And we want to deter that type of activity because there's been a lot of investment in that activity so far. In fact, most litigation's are by NPE's and so Unified started by doing those zones and, and, and we've have a bunch of them now. We just launched an open source zone in fact, but with you know, Linux foundation and OIN and IBM and others and the video codec zone was something that we were thinking about for a long time. It's something that I'm very familiar with from my past dealings with MPEG LA and other pools. And it was a big issue I think. And it has been a constant issue, which is how do you deal with multiple pools or multiple people asking for money in a standard? How do you deal with the pricing of it? Especially if you're smaller entities and you don't have the information that may be larger companies might have. Shawn Ambwani: 04:26 How do you deal with that and how do you deal with all the invalid assertions that are being done or declarations that occur in this area? How do you figure out who you have to pay? And how much you have to pay. All these add a level of complexity to deploying these standards, which makes adoption harder and creates the uncertainty that causes people to go to proprietary solutions, which I think is a negative in the end. So that's why Unified Patents really created this area and created the video codec zone. And basically we've been pretty, I think, successful so far now actually going through and doing each one of the things we said we were going to do. Dror Gill: 05:06 So what, what are those things basically when you set up a zone and, and want to start finding those patterns that may be invalid how do you go about doing that? What is the process? Shawn Ambwani: 05:18 Yeah, so I mean there's two major things in the SEP zones that it's not, it's not just about finding invalid patents, although I can tell you it's relatively easy to find invalid patents in any of these zones. That's not a difficulty. The hard part is figuring out which ones to go to or which ones are going to be the most interesting to go after. And that takes a lot of art. Essentially identifying them, finding out good prior art that we feel comfortable with, hiring good counsel. There's all kinds of weighing mechanisms that go into it, who the entity is, how it came about, how old the patents are, where it came from. All of these variables go into that kind of equation of when we decide. What's kind of unique about the way we work is we work independently of our members, so our members are funding these activities and some join for free. Shawn Ambwani: 06:11 So we have a number of members of the video codecs and we use all this money and information in our activities to basically go back and decide what to do, with the objective of deterring you know, what we consider bad assertions in this space. And then that's one part of it. The other part of it is that SEP's are all about, you know, an area called FRAND, fair, reasonable, non-discriminatory. And part of all of that involves negotiation. And so what we provide are tools to allow companies to negotiate we think in a fair and more transparent way to licensors as to pricing. But also explaining why the pricing is the way it is. Because one of the problems that we've had in the big picture is that a lot of these licensors have been asking for money, whether their own pools, whether outside of pools, whatever. Shawn Ambwani: 07:12 But no one can really explain why the price is what it is. And I think that leads to a lot of people to just stop paying or stop wanting to get into licensing discussions. And that's not beneficial for the market. And so by explaining how the price comes out the way it is and providing a very, we consider, solid methodology for it, it allows our members but also licensors to better understand who owns what and how much value is in the standard. So what they should reasonably expect to get for that technology and how much licensees reasonably should expect to pay in order to deploy the technology. Mark Donnigan: 07:55 Now my question, you know, Shawn is when you are getting into these conversations with the parties or party that, you know, owns this IP and I'm speaking more around sort of the pricing and the model and that sort of thing. Are you then...is that information available to your members or is it more that you're sort of helping facilitate, helping bring some rationality, you know, so that then that body can turn around and make public: "Hey, great news!" We've decided that all digitally distributed content doesn't carry, you know, a royalty cost. What exactly, I guess what my question is, what exactly is, is your role then in informing the market? Shawn Ambwani: 08:40 I think that, well, I mean there's a number of things to talk about, but what's I think most important is that we, you know, we don't know necessarily what the right price is. We hired an outside economist to look into that and he came back with a pricing range in you know, a report that we gave the highlights too and there was some press over and it's on our website but you can also look at it through a number of particles and basically he came back with a price of between 8 cents and 28 cents I believe if I'm accurate. Is what he believed the estimate to be for the value of the technology including everything. And it ranged based on I think the device and like other factors and stuff like that. Now that high level information we provided publicly and in fact we provided the information on who made the report when it was created and what it was based on. Shawn Ambwani: 09:38 And we even provided kind of the overall methodology of how it was done, which is basically being used at a very high level. They used MPEG LA's AVC license as the starting point or the foundation for deciding what HEVC in this case, which is what he was looking at, pricing should be based on his expert analysis. And then he modified that based on switching costs based on the cost of bandwidth, the cost of storage and quality and other factors basically that are valuable. So, that's where we went. Now, what's important to understand is that we published that information so anyone could take a look at the, at the high level. And the methodology pretty much tells you the roadmap of where we started and how we ended up where we are. The other part is how do you decide who you have to pay and how much each person gets. Even assuming that you figure out that, let's say it's 25 cents, that you think the royalty rate should be for it. And I'm not saying that's the number, but everyone can decide on whatever number they feel comfortable. Our expert created this report and we published it. Other people can create other reports and I'm sure they have their own kind of versions. But what's important for us is that, you know, people should explain why they came out with their pricing. And unfortunately in pools and licensing organizations in general, that just doesn't happen. Dror Gill: 11:05 So basically you're finding economical reason behind a certain price for for this technology. In this case, HEVC. And now companies who want to use HEVC, how do they use this number? Because they have your number, which is the total, and then they have royalty rates that are asked that, you know, certain patent pools are asking and they add up to a different number that could be a higher number. So do they just you know, divide the number that they think is the right one among the different patent pools and pay them the amount they think they should pay or do they just use it as a negotiating tool when they talk to them and, and you know, and negotiate the actual world, the rates that they will have to pay? Shawn Ambwani: 11:52 By providing a lot of this information. Some of it publicly like economic report in some format. The hope is that smaller entities instead of rolling over when licensing people come by and say, Hey, take it or leave it, they really have an ability to make a fair response, a good faith response with information that allows them to then basically justify why they came up with a price and really push back and say, listen, you know, this is what my methodology came out to. Now. It could be right, could be wrong. You know, in the end in FRAND negotiations, I have to make a good faith offer. That's really the intent. So that's an important aspect of pushing back on this kind of, we think less information that is occurring in the marketplace and more fragmentation. And I think they're all interrelated because of the less information you have more fragmentation. Cause if everyone could agree on a price and everyone agreed that this is the fair value for the technology, there really wouldn't be multiple pools in my opinion or multiple licensors, because everyone would know what the number is. And so why would you separate? Dror Gill: 13:07 But basically you're saying that even if a patent pool set, the royalty rates and those royalty rates in some cases are public, at least for some of the patent pools, this is not what a licensor would pay. This is just kind of a starting point for a negotiation and you're providing tools for this type of negotiation. Shawn Ambwani: 13:23 We also think that validity is a big issue because none of these entities look at validity when they're incorporating patents into their pools or into their licensing. It's really up to the licensees or the people who are potentially taking the license to have the responsibility to go out and figure that out, which can be very, very costly. Dror Gill: 13:44 You assume they're valid, right? If they're licensing patents to you, you assume that they're licensing valid patents. Right? These are kind of, you know, respectable patent holders and patent pools. Why would they license something that's not valid? Shawn Ambwani: 13:57 I mean, it's a great point. I mean, the argument would be that they want to license patents. Mark Donnigan: 14:03 That's their business at the end of the day. Yeah. Shawn Ambwani: 14:08 Right. So, you know, if you had a car and you're trying to sell a car, you're going to accentuate the good things about the car. Not that it's a rebuilt or something like that or you know, like it's, it's been, you know, it's been in a crash or accident like, yeah. Like you're going to show what you want to show. Right. And that's natural in any of these cases. The unfortunate fact is that it's very costly to figure out that stuff and there's no really organization you'd think a licensing organization like MPEG LA or others. And I'm not saying MPEG LA is doing a bad job necessarily, I'm just pointing them out as an example, would do a better job of vetting to some degree on that type of activity. But they don't, and I think there's a number of reasons Mark Donnigan: 14:53 Why do they want to do that? I almost liken this to the 500 channel cable bundle of which there's about 15 high quality channels and there's 485 that are anywhere from just a, you know, not, not relevant, not interesting to, you know, to even lower quality than that, but, but you know, but Hey, I got a 500 channel bundle, right? So I feel like, wow, it must be worth $100 a month, you know, or whatever. Shawn Ambwani: 15:23 The idea that that licensing organizations like MPEG LA or (HEVC) Advance or other ones like that aren't doing it to the benefit of their licensors. It just seems ridiculous to me. I mean the people on their, on their management and the people who are actually owning that organization, typically it's managed and owned and administrative fees are paid to licensors. And traditionally the money flows one way from licensees to licensors. It's for the benefit of the licensors. And the rules that they put in are essentially to make sure that those guys are protected. They have no incentive in general of saying people's patents are invalid. And, and that's just a bad fact pattern for them. If basically they get back and say, Hey, listen this patent... Yeah, no, it's bad. Mark Donnigan: 16:16 Exactly. So, so in that context then it completely makes sense that they don't vet you know, at the level that you are and why, you know, Unified Patents needs to exist, you know, is because we need this sort of independent third party. I guess. I, I, you know, that's, that's out there doing this work. Now, Shawn, one of the things that I noticed is you're acting both against NPE's, so, non-practicing entities, and against SEP's. So standard essential patents. What are the issues with SEP's? Shawn Ambwani: 16:51 Well, I mean the general assumption has been, and I don't know where this assumption came from, was that standard essential patents or people who declare their patents to be standard essential are more likely to be valid than other patents. And in the real world where there's litigation and there's challenges and things get checked out or vetted essentially, adversarially, the reality is that standard essential patents in all the studies that have been done fair, far worse, than normal patents do on average. And you know, it's not shocking actually when you think about it. Obviously there's a lot of self selection here, but part of the reason why is, you know, when you're submitting into pools or in when you're getting these patents, when part of a standardization body or doing other activities, there's a lot of other people involved and it's usually built on other ideas that people have had in the past. Shawn Ambwani: 17:59 And it's not surprising that a lot of these patents have underlying ideas that had been done in the past or other people had brought up previously. Sometimes they weren't accepted, sometimes they were or sometimes they were put on hold. Who knows? But there's a lot of prior art oftentimes in these areas. These aren't open fields, these aren't brand new innovations that typically come up. And so that's not surprising. Now, you know, there's also a general belief that standard essential patterns are more valuable. And I think, you know, that's a pretty, I would say, you know, I dunno if it's absolutely valid, but it's not unreasonable to believe that if you declare a patent, as standardized, if you look at the average patent and compared to that patent, it's probably your, it's probably more valuable, at that point. Because you basically said it's part of a standard that people are probably going to adopt at that point versus a patent in general, which you never know most of the time, whether anyone's going to use that patent. Shawn Ambwani: 19:02 I mean the vast majority of patents are never actually used in any way whatsoever. They're not enforceable because they're just ideas that people have most of the time, and these patents are arguable more likely than not to be in a standard and that standard might or might not actually get used in the end. Inherently you get - they're more valuable. The problem is there's tons of over declaration that occurs in this area. There's very little incentive. I mean some places there's more of an incentive than others, but the way MPEG works specifically is that you can do blanket declarations and so you don't have to declare specific patents. And, other standards, you have to basically declare each individual patent that you have. So, I mean, there's all kinds of trade offs, and all these different things, but the reality is that no one really knows exactly how many patents need to be licensed. And that just creates a lot of uncertainty. And you know, a lot of companies who are trying to make money, not off products but off of doing licensing thrive on uncertainty because that's where they can make money. Is basically by, you know, saying, okay, well who knows what can happen, but if you take care of me now, I can make sure that I'm not going to cause you issues. Dror Gill: 20:23 Right. And that's why uncertainty is in the middle of FUD, fear, uncertainty, doubt, which is one of those tactics and uncertainty is definitely a big part of that. Shawn Ambwani: 20:33 Yeah. I mean, the other thing is that companies in general, it seems like a one way street a lot of the time, which is pretty unfortunate in that although I'm not sure if I have a good solution, you know, a lot of companies, the licensors have a way of getting together, agreeing on a price and then licensing through an organization like MPEG LA or others to do that type of activity or Velos (Media), or whatever it is. They choose, you know, they can select a price, they can work together, agree on a price. And the reason why they can do that according to the DOJ is because it's a different product than what's available before. So it decreases uncertainty by making it easier for people to take a license of convenience for that specific technology area. Dror Gill: 21:21 Otherwise, it might might've been considered price setting, Shawn Ambwani: 21:24 Right? Yeah. It would be considered price. It would be considered price setting. But in this case, the argument is always that you can always go to each individual company and get a license or negotiate a separate license. This is a license of convenience for this technology area from all these companies for one price. And that makes it a lot easier for people on both sides to be able to know exactly how much they're going to be getting and how much they're going to have to pay for clearing this risk. Which makes sense. I fundamentally have no problem with pools and what they do. The, the issue comes up is that a lot of these pools, A) don't talk about the pricing, they don't look at the validity. They don't really have a great essentially checking on top of it. And they're very much incentivized to help out the licensors, not the licensees figure stuff out. And what ends up happening is over time you kind of, and you have companies also that are not interested in making products, which is unfortunate. They're just interested in making money off of their licensing. Which is unfortunate because there's a lot of games that can be played in the standardization world to get your stuff in and then get your patents in basically. Mark Donnigan: 22:44 Well, it ultimately, it, it stops innovation. I mean, at the end of the day, you know, and one thing, and Dror and I have talked about this on episodes and we've certainly talked about this a lot, you know, privately within Beamr is, you know, it's a little bit mystifying as well because okay, so HEVC clearly was set back as a result of, of many issues. But you know, largely what we'd been talking about for the last 35 minutes and the adoption of HEVC. And yet these people, as you point out, the licensors, they don't make money if nobody's using the technology. So, so what's mystifying to us is that this is not, you know, it's not like somehow they're getting paid still. You know, even though the adoption of the technology is not in place or it's not being used, they're not getting paid. And so it seems like at some point, you know, a rational actor would stand up and say, wait a second, I'd rather get something rather than nothing! But, it's almost like they, they're not acting that way. Dror Gill: 23:46 But, but it did happen. They did reduce the royalty rate. Yes, yes, yes. Certainly. And they did come to their senses and they did put a cap and then initially it was uncapped and they did remove royalties from content. And you know, they did a lot of things in the right direction after the pressure from the market when they realized they're not going to get anything. And when AV1 started to happen, you know, and they were pressured by that, by a competing codec that was supposedly a royalty free and didn't have these issues. So I think the situation is improved. But you've launched a specific zone. It's called the video codec zone, but basically right now it deals only with HEVC. Shawn Ambwani: 24:33 A lot of these patents that we've challenged relate not just to HEVC but potentially to AV and other codecs like AVC as well. Cause there's such overlap between these things. That's why we generically call it a video codec zone. So, obviously a lot of the things that we've looked at in like the economic report and everything else and landscape, a lot of the focus has been on HEVC. Dror Gill: 24:59 So you examined the HEVC and and you saw this situation that you have three patent pools. One of them hasn't even announced the royalty rates and, and you have a lot of independent patent holders who claim to have standard essential patents for HEVC. And this is kind of your, you're opening a, a situation. So what, what was the first thing that, that you did, how did you start to, to approach the HEVC pattern topic and what actions did you take? Shawn Ambwani: 25:34 Like I said, we've done a bunch of different stuff. We had a submission repo called open, which where we collated all the prior art, not prior art, but submissions into the standard for HEVC and AVC and other standards from MPEG so people can make it easily searchable. In fact, 50% of the priority art that we got for our patent challenges came from the submission repo, which is great, which is basically, you know, previous submissions to the same standard. We have OPAL, which is our landscape tool. And then, you know, obviously we have OPEN which is our evaluation report that I mentioned for HEVC. And then we did a bunch of reviews of validity and challenged a bunch of patents in different licensing entities. I mean, Velos, I think they don't consider themselves a pool. Just to be clear. Dror Gill: 26:29 Because they actually own the patents. They've licensed those patents on their own? Shawn Ambwani: 26:34 Well, I think they just don't consider themselves tackling a patent pool in the way that MPEG LA and HEVC Advanced does simply that would throw them into a different bucket and they would have all kinds of requirements on them that they don't want basically. So you know when the DOJ kind of made the rules or kind of the lawyers decided what the right rules are to make it work, you know like you've got to show your stuff. Basically you got to show your price, you've got to make sure it's reasonable or it's, you know, like there's, there's no most favored nation clause. I mean there is a most favorite nation (MFN) let me rephrase this. So all these things to make sure that everything is very transparent in order to allow this kind of companies to get together and set a price for how much they want to license for it, which typically would have huge anti-competitive or antitrust issues. Right. They made all these rules and Velos I think would not consider themselves technically a patent pool like those guys because that would make them have the similar requirements. Dror Gill: 27:40 So they're like an independent patent holder? Shawn Ambwani: 27:42 I don't really know what they call themselves. I've definitely never heard them say that they're a patent pool. I've heard other people call them a patent pool. I probably have at some point, but I don't really know if they actually consider themselves a patent pool Dror Gill: 27:55 Because I noticed that your litigation was against the patent holders. Companies like GE and KBS and against Velos Media itself. Yeah. Shawn Ambwani: 28:07 Yeah. Well Velos is you know, an unusual beast in that it owns a number of patents that got transferred to it as well as it provides licenses to the people who participated. You know, the other patent holders in general are much more traditional in their patent pool type activity in that the patent holders are different from the people who are doing the licensing. Dror Gill: 28:28 And you're not suing the patent pools like MPEG LA and HEVC Advanced or not your targets? Shawn Ambwani: 28:32 Well, they don't own patents directly, so really nothing to do as far as I know. I mean, you could say, you know, part of it is we're challenging them to a certain degree on their pricing and kind of their whole model of not looking at validity by challenging some of their patents as well as, you know, putting them on notice that as they get more patents in, we might challenge further patents for validity. So why don't they do it ahead of time? I mean, the idea that, you know, validity is a victimless crime if you don't check for validity, it doesn't hurt anyone. It's just not true in my opinion. It's just not true because you are hurting the people who actually innovated. There's a set amount of money that goes to everyone. If you have a bunch of patents and they're just like, you're checking for essentiality before you allow a patent in, you check for validity because there's a bunch of patents that just aren't valid that shouldn't be, they should not be making money off of. It just incentivizes people to get more invalid patents in the same space that they can stick into a pool to get a bigger share of it, like a giant game. Right? Mark Donnigan: 29:43 Yeah, that's a really good point. I'm wondering what is the cost to test for essentiality? Is some of this just sort of practical like it's just either too time consuming or costly to test? Yeah. I mean Shawn Ambwani: 29:58 Esentiality is often times more expensive than validity in some cases, but I mean they do test for essentiality. The companies pay to have their own patents tested often times for essentiality, but there is no test for validity that they enforce. So no one actually does it. You know, if they did ask for it, I'm sure people in some cases would pay for it, but more importantly, people who didn't think their patents would be found valid, probably wouldn't submit them in the first place then. Then there would be, there'd be huge disincentive for people who had that risk of that happening. They just wouldn't submit it, which you know, obviously it's going to hurt the pool because they get less patents. And at the same time, the hope is that people will think twice before they submit stuff they know is crap. Anyway. Mark Donnigan: 30:43 So what is, what is your bar for determining low quality? I mean, what does that process look like? Shawn Ambwani: 30:52 We have a bunch of patents that come into our hopper that we're constantly looking at in every single zone that we're in and we're constantly looking and seeing if it's a valid patent or not. And there's multiple ways of doing that. We have crowd sourcing that we do for that. We just pay people, you know, in order to do prior art experts for example, to do prior art searches. You can prior art search infinitely long these, there's no stopping. You know, what you can do. But you know, in the end there's only so much you can reasonably expect to find. And so from my perspective, you know, there's definitely been situations where we've looked at patents and we've said, okay, we don't think we have good prior art. We're just not going to do anything about it. And that's okay. In fact, I mean it's okay if a licensing entity or licensor has a valid patent, that's perfectly fine with me. Shawn Ambwani: 31:49 I think if they have a valid patent, they should be able to make money off of it. I have no problem with, it should be a fair amount if it's in a standard based on FRAND principles, but in general, people should be able to make money off of a valid patent. The problem is is that a lot of people are making a lot of money, in my opinion, off of a lot of bad patents. And invalid patents, which hurts the people who actually do have good patents because they're getting crowded out, which is sad because that really is the disincentive for innovation then is when the people actually are innovating aren't making money off of it because they're getting crowded out by the people who are just playing a good game. Dror Gill: 32:25 You described earlier the, the process with a standard setting bodies such as MPEG where you declare your patents but you only, you can declare them as, as a pool or as a bunch of patents and not specifically, and then you can basically, Dror Gill: 32:40 You know, create a pool and charge as much as you want if it's under the FRAND principles. Do you think there's anything broken in the standard setting process itself? Do those committees need to do something else in order to make sure that when they create a standard, the situation of royalties of, of the situation of, of IP which is essential to that standard is more well known that you have less uncertainty in that IP? Shawn Ambwani: 33:09 Yeah, I'm not sure. I mean there's always ways of like tweaking the system. Every standards body has different ways of managing it. I mean the only really clean way of doing it is saying it's royalty free and having anyone who participates in the standard agree that it's royalty free. Anything above that, just you know, you can play all these different types of rules and machinations and 3GPP has their own and other people, organizations have their own. But in the end it ends up being the same issue of you know, under declaring over declaring - issues with essentiality, validity, all kinds of other things. So I'm not sure if you, unless you go to that binary level, how much, you know, changing that up is going to change things fundamentally. I think the more fundamental thing is that, you know, the idea that I think the fundamental reason why you have these patent pools and other things like that was to clear risk and decrease uncertainty. Unfortunately I'd say uncertainty is actually increasing in some of these cases not decreasing by all these different groups asking for money at this point, which is unfortunate. Dror Gill: 34:17 No, that's a very interesting insight, really. Mark Donnigan: 34:19 Hey, thanks for joining us, Shawn. This was really an amazing discussion and we definitely have to have a part two. Shawn Ambwani: 34:26 All right, well, thanks for your time, gentlemen. I really appreciate it. Dror Gill: 34:28 Thank you. Narrator: 34:30 Thank you for listening to The Video Insiders podcast, a production of Beamr Imaging limited. To begin using Beamr's codecs today, go to beamr.com/free to receive up to 100 hours of no cost HEVC and H.264 transcoding every month.

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