Podcasts about gprs

This week we're revisiting our 2023 interview with Matt Aston. The Founding of GPRS Today we welcome Matt Aston. Matt is the founder of GPRS. Although that is an acronym for ground-penetrating radar systems, the company does much more than that these days. Matt started his company in 2001, and now they employ almost 800 people in 54 cities. We discuss the ground-penetrating radar equipment. Matt walks us through some basics about how this equipment uses magnetic variations to help users create a map of the underground infrastructure. When he was starting GPRS, most of his work involved taking readings in concrete–sensing rebar, anchors, etc. As time passed, they shifted toward working with utility contractors before excavations. Matt shares about his dad's drilling and cutting business in Toledo and how a softball injury forced him to restructure his business. This led to substantial growth that led to a business he might have been interested in taking over. Building a Business on Young Technology, Equipment Overview Matt tells us about an early experience with the stress of the ground-penetrating radar business. On his way to the equipment-training session he was a little scared. On the way home, he was really scared. Eddie asks Matt to talk through ground-penetrating radar tools. He talks through the tools and the process that has enabled his team to reach a 99.87% accuracy record. It involves baby-buggy-like carts and converting screen data to the paint on the ground. A few GPR antennas, a couple for underground and one specifically for concrete. Then there are a few specialized tools, including the handheld wands and sewer cameras. The sewer cameras, along with a few other tools, enable the company to now provide leak-detection services. Training ProgramsMatt shares about his company's training programs. Matt explains that they now have 3 full-time trainers. These veteran project managers conduct their training in a facility with a custom-built floor full of all kinds of wire, pipes, and conduit. They also have a simulated gas station complete with tanks. Tyler asks Matt to share about his company's Trump Tower project in Chicago. This involved a demo and then some code upgrades. This required extensive time-consuming retrofits. He recounts a couple other incredibly ambitious projects. We discuss the increasing sensitivity and precision of the equipment involved. Matt shares about a time when he had to break some unfortunate news with the owners of a scientific facility where the concrete hadn't been poured to the proper thickness.  Unusual Projects and Big-City ProjectsTyler asks Matt to share about some of the unorthodox jobs they've been called to do. Matt shares a story about a mysterious old site where the client was looking for a large metal container. GPRS has even located a few murder victims. He's not confirming that one of them was Jimmy Hoffa, but he's not denying it either. Matt tells a few examples of the interesting variety of locations that this work takes his teams. He gives an example of one crew working in DC who was taken by the National Park Service to scan the lawn at the White House. Entrepreneurship Tyler asks Matt to talk about growing his business. Matt shares about early hires and the challenges of ensuring that the income exceeds the outflow. He discusses decisions that were especially influential, and he shares his thoughts about the role of the companies' CEOs in both successes and failures. As your company grows, Matt says, your potential also grows.   Matt recounts the stages of growth and the points at which you sense shifts in your perception of the business and your role in it. He set some ambitious goals and has found that they're achievable. He mentions the role that Toledo's size played in setting his company on a path for growth.Eddie and Matt compare notes on business-growth rewards and challenges. Matt shares about an unsettling conversation he had with a contractor who wanted to avoid knowing in advance about underground elements because he made more money when his equipment damaged them and then he needed to repair them. They agree that it's all about “meeting the need.” Matt's Megaphone MessageWe are capable of so, so much more than we realize. The world around us makes it really easy to be average. If you just show up and do what you said you were going to, you're already above average. But if you push yourself, you can move into that elite category. Find your why. You can be an elite performer. Find Matt on LinkedInCheck out the partners that make our show possible.Find Us Online: BrosPodcast.com - LinkedIn - Youtube - Instagram - Facebook - TikTok - Eddie's LinkedIn - Tyler's LinkedInIf you enjoy the podcast, please rate us on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you listen to us! Thanks for listening

First and foremost DD is audio production challenged and apologizes for his shortcomings! Nonetheless...our good friend Joe Cherry, Project Manager at Cobb, Fendley & Associates, Inc. joined the conversation this week as PS takes yet another vacation. The guys welcomed Matt Aston, President of GPRS to the stage to talk all things GPRS! GPRS has been providing utility locating and mapping services since 2001 and believes that data control = damage control and they are committed to the pursuit of 100% subsurface damage prevention – on every job, in every market, nationwide. Just a few items we discussed include Subsurface Investigation Methodology (SIM), Subsurface Utility Engineering (SUE), Building Information Models (BIM), cross-technology training and SiteMap®! Music by Kid Rock!!  

In episode 136 of the Pro Series Podcast, we dive deep into the covert world of construction intelligence with Matt Aston, the ingenious Founder and CEO of GPRS. Join us as we explore how GPRS, what I say is the "spy's of the construction industry," utilizes cutting-edge technologies to revolutionize mapping, leak detection, concrete scanning, drone imagery, and beyond. Discover the clandestine operations behind ensuring project integrity, safety, and efficiency in the construction realm. Tune in for a revealing conversation that unveils the secrets beneath the surface of the construction industry.

In this episode, Matt Aston, founder of GPRS, shares his strategies for geographic expansion and raising awareness of GPRS services. He discusses the impact of partnering with a private equity firm, the importance of safety in construction, and implementation of the SIM process. Aston also talks about GPRS's hiring philosophy, the introduction of a subscription model, and offers advice to his younger self.

Matt Aston is the President at GPRS.   In this episode of Specified Growth Podcast, Matt talks about his entrepreneurial background and how he found his way into the ground penetrating radar industry. He also discusses how he expanded his business by working with the right team, the new technologies and services that GPRS is providing for its customers, some of the lessons he's learned along the way, and more. Don't miss this episode of Specified Growth Podcast!   Please reach out if you have any feedback or questions. Enjoy!    Twitter: @TatsuyaNakagawa Instagram: @tats_talks LinkedIn: Tatsuya Nakagawa  YouTube: Tats Talks www.tatstalk.com www.castagra.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

00:00 - The Founding of GPRS Today we welcome Matt Aston. Matt is the founder of GPRS. Although that is an acronym for ground-penetrating radar systems, the company does much more than that these days. Matt started his company in 2001, and now they employ almost 800 people in 54 cities. We discuss the ground-penetrating radar equipment. Matt walks us through some basics about how this equipment uses magnetic variations to help users create a map of the underground infrastructure. When he was starting GPRS, most of his work involved taking readings in concrete–sensing rebar, anchors, etc. As time passed, they shifted toward working with utility contractors before excavations. Matt shares about his dad's drilling and cutting business in Toledo and how a softball injury forced him to restructure his business. This led to substantial growth that led to a business he might have been interested in taking over. 06:08 - Building a Business on Young Technology, Equipment Overview Matt tells us about an early experience with the stress of the ground-penetrating radar business. On his way to the equipment-training session he was a little scared. On the way home, he was really scared. Eddie asks Matt to talk through ground-penetrating radar tools. He talks through the tools and the process that has enabled his team to reach a 99.87% accuracy record. It involves baby-buggy-like carts and converting screen data to the paint on the ground. A few GPR antennas, a couple for underground and one specifically for concrete. Then there are a few specialized tools, including the handheld wands and sewer cameras. The sewer cameras, along with a few other tools, enable the company to now provide leak-detection services. 15:33 - Training ProgramsMatt shares about his company's training programs. Matt explains that they now have 3 full-time trainers. These veteran project managers conduct their training in a facility with a custom-built floor full of all kinds of wire, pipes, and conduit. They also have a simulated gas station complete with tanks. Tyler asks Matt to share about his company's Trump Tower project in Chicago. This involved a demo and then some code upgrades. This required extensive time-consuming retrofits. He recounts a couple other incredibly ambitious projects. We discuss the increasing sensitivity and precision of the equipment involved. Matt shares about a time when he had to break some unfortunate news with the owners of a scientific facility where the concrete hadn't been poured to the proper thickness.  29:50 - Unusual Projects and Big-City ProjectsTyler asks Matt to share about some of the unorthodox jobs they've been called to do. Matt shares a story about a mysterious old site where the client was looking for a large metal container. GPRS has even located a few murder victims. He's not confirming that one of them was Jimmy Hoffa, but he's not denying it either. Matt tells a few examples of the interesting variety of locations that this work takes his teams. He gives an example of one crew working in DC who was taken by the National Park Service to scan the lawn at the White House. 37:24 - Entrepreneurship Tyler asks Matt to talk about growing his business. Matt shares about early hires and the challenges of ensuring that the income exceeds the outflow. He discusses decisions that were especially influential, and he shares his thoughts about the role of the companies' CEOs in both successes and failures. As your company grows, Matt says, your potential also grows.   Matt recounts the stages of growth and the points at which you sense shifts in your perception of the business and your role in it. He set some ambitious goals and has found that they're achievable. He mentions the role that Toledo's size played in setting his company on a path for growth.Eddie and Matt compare notes on business-growth rewards and challenges. Matt shares about an unsettling conversation he had with a contractor who wanted to avoid knowing in advance about underground elements because he made more money when his equipment damaged them and then he needed to repair them. They agree that it's all about “meeting the need.” 59:13 - Matt's Megaphone MessageWe are capable of so, so much more than we realize. The world around us makes it really easy to be average. If you just show up and do what you said you were going to, you're already above average. But if you push yourself, you can move into that elite category. Find your why. You can be an elite performer. Find Matt on LinkedInCheck out the partners that make our show possible.Find Us Online: BrosPodcast.com - LinkedIn - Youtube - Instagram - Facebook - TikTok - Eddie's LinkedIn - Tyler's LinkedInIf you enjoy the podcast, please rate us on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you listen to us! Thanks for listening

The Robots are coming! We are talking about the latest in GPRs (general purpose humanoid robots), Apple cancelling their car project, Gemini 1.5 Pro testing, Biden's plan to ban voice impersonation, the decline of TV viewership, and Deep Mind CEO Demis Hassabis' views on AlphaZero sitting atop LLMs on the AGI stack.

Speaker CFPs and Sponsor Guides are now available for AIE World's Fair — join us on June 25-27 for the biggest AI Engineer conference of 2024!Soumith Chintala needs no introduction in the ML world — his insights are incredibly accessible across Twitter, LinkedIn, podcasts, and conference talks (in this pod we'll assume you'll have caught up on the History of PyTorch pod from last year and cover different topics). He's well known as the creator of PyTorch, but he's more broadly the Engineering Lead on AI Infra, PyTorch, and Generative AI at Meta.Soumith was one of the earliest supporters of Latent Space (and more recently AI News), and we were overjoyed to catch up with him on his latest SF visit for a braindump of the latest AI topics, reactions to some of our past guests, and why Open Source AI is personally so important to him.Life in the GPU-Rich LaneBack in January, Zuck went on Instagram to announce their GPU wealth: by the end of 2024, Meta will have 350k H100s. By adding all their GPU clusters, you'd get to 600k H100-equivalents of compute. At FP16 precision, that's ~1,200,000 PFLOPS. If we used George Hotz's (previous guest!) "Person of Compute" measure, Meta now has 60k humans of compute in their clusters. Occasionally we get glimpses into the GPU-rich life; on a recent ThursdAI chat, swyx prompted PaLM tech lead Yi Tay to write down what he missed most from Google, and he commented that UL2 20B was trained by accidentally leaving the training job running for a month, because hardware failures are so rare in Google.Meta AI's Epic LLM RunBefore Llama broke the internet, Meta released an open source LLM in May 2022, OPT-175B, which was notable for how “open” it was - right down to the logbook! They used only 16 NVIDIA V100 GPUs and Soumith agrees that, with hindsight, it was likely under-trained for its parameter size.In Feb 2023 (pre Latent Space pod), Llama was released, with a 7B version trained on 1T tokens alongside 65B and 33B versions trained on 1.4T tokens. The Llama authors included Guillaume Lample and Timothée Lacroix, who went on to start Mistral.July 2023 was Llama2 time (which we covered!): 3 model sizes, 7B, 13B, and 70B, all trained on 2T tokens. The three models accounted for a grand total of 3,311,616 GPU hours for all pre-training work. CodeLlama followed shortly after, a fine-tune of Llama2 specifically focused on code generation use cases. The family had models in the 7B, 13B, 34B, and 70B size, all trained with 500B extra tokens of code and code-related data, except for 70B which is trained on 1T.All of this on top of other open sourced models like Segment Anything (one of our early hits!), Detectron, Detectron 2, DensePose, and Seamless, and in one year, Meta transformed from a company people made fun of for its “metaverse” investments to one of the key players in the AI landscape and its stock has almost tripled since (about $830B in market value created in the past year).Why Open Source AIThe obvious question is why Meta would spend hundreds of millions on its AI efforts and then release them for free. Zuck has addressed this in public statements:But for Soumith, the motivation is even more personal:“I'm irrationally interested in open source. I think open source has that fundamental way to distribute opportunity in a way that is very powerful. Like, I grew up in India… And knowledge was very centralized, but I saw that evolution of knowledge slowly getting decentralized. And that ended up helping me learn quicker and faster for like zero dollars. And I think that was a strong reason why I ended up where I am. So like that, like the open source side of things, I always push regardless of like what I get paid for, like I think I would do that as a passion project on the side……I think at a fundamental level, the most beneficial value of open source is that you make the distribution to be very wide. It's just available with no friction and people can do transformative things in a way that's very accessible. Maybe it's open source, but it has a commercial license and I'm a student in India. I don't care about the license. I just don't even understand the license. But like the fact that I can use it and do something with it is very transformative to me……Like, okay, I again always go back to like I'm a student in India with no money. What is my accessibility to any of these closed source models? At some scale I have to pay money. That makes it a non-starter and stuff. And there's also the control issue: I strongly believe if you want human aligned AI, you want all humans to give feedback. And you want all humans to have access to that technology in the first place. And I actually have seen, living in New York, whenever I come to Silicon Valley, I see a different cultural bubble.We like the way Soumith put it last year: Closed AI “rate-limits against people's imaginations and needs”!What It Takes For Open Source AI to WinHowever Soumith doesn't think Open Source will simply win by popular demand. There is a tremendous coordination problem with the decentralized nature of the open source AI development right now: nobody is collecting the valuable human feedback in the way that OpenAI or Midjourney are doing.“Open source in general always has a coordination problem. If there's a vertically integrated provider with more resources, they will just be better coordinated than open source. And so now open source has to figure out how to have coordinated benefits. And the reason you want coordinated benefits is because these models are getting better based on human feedback. And if you see with open source models, like if you go to the /r/localllama subreddit, like there's so many variations of models that are being produced from, say, Nous research. I mean, like there's like so many variations built by so many people. And one common theme is they're all using these fine-tuning or human preferences datasets that are very limited and they're not sufficiently diverse. And you look at the other side, say front-ends like Oobabooga or like Hugging Chat or Ollama, they don't really have feedback buttons. All the people using all these front-ends, they probably want to give feedback, but there's no way for them to give feedback… So we're just losing all of this feedback. Maybe open source models are being as used as GPT is at this point in like all kinds of, in a very fragmented way, like in aggregate all the open source models together are probably being used as much as GPT is, maybe close to that. But the amount of feedback that is driving back into the open source ecosystem is like negligible, maybe less than 1% of like the usage. So I think like some, like the blueprint here I think is you'd want someone to create a sinkhole for the feedback… I think if we do that, if that actually happens, I think that probably has a real chance of the open source models having a runaway effect against OpenAI, I think like there's a clear chance we can take at truly winning open source.”If you're working on solving open source coordination, please get in touch!Show Notes* Soumith Chintala Twitter* History of PyTorch episode on Gradient Podcast* The Llama Ecosystem* Apple's MLX* Neural ODEs (Ordinary Differential Equations)* AlphaGo* LMSys arena* Dan Pink's "Drive"* Robotics projects:* Dobb-E* OK Robot* Yann LeCun* Yangqing Jia of Lepton AI* Ed Catmull* George Hotz on Latent Space* Chris Lattner on Latent Space* Guillaume Lample* Yannic Kilcher of OpenAssistant* LMSys* Alex Atallah of OpenRouter* Carlo Sferrazza's 3D tactile research* Alex Wiltschko of Osmo* Tangent by Alex Wiltschko* Lerrel Pinto - RoboticsTimestamps* [00:00:00] Introductions* [00:00:51] Extrinsic vs Intrinsic Success* [00:02:40] Importance of Open Source and Its Impact* [00:03:46] PyTorch vs TinyGrad* [00:08:33] Why PyTorch is the Switzerland of frameworks* [00:10:27] Modular's Mojo + PyTorch?* [00:13:32] PyTorch vs Apple's MLX* [00:16:27] FAIR / PyTorch Alumni* [00:18:50] How can AI inference providers differentiate?* [00:21:41] How to build good benchmarks and learnings from AnyScale's* [00:25:28] Most interesting unexplored ideas* [00:28:18] What people get wrong about synthetic data* [00:35:57] Meta AI's evolution* [00:38:42] How do you allocate 600,000 GPUs?* [00:42:05] Even the GPU Rich are GPU Poor* [00:47:31] Meta's MTIA silicon* [00:50:09] Why we need open source* [00:59:00] Open source's coordination problem for feedback gathering* [01:08:59] Beyond text generation* [01:15:37] Osmo and the Future of Smell Recognition TechnologyTranscriptAlessio [00:00:00]: Hey everyone, welcome to the Latent Space podcast. This is Alessio, partner and CTO in residence at Decibel Partners, and I'm joined by my co-host Swyx, founder of Smol AI.Swyx [00:00:15]: Hey, and today we have in the studio Soumith Chintala, welcome.Soumith [00:00:17]: Thanks for having me.Swyx [00:00:18]: On one of your rare visits from New York where you live. You got your start in computer vision at NYU with Yann LeCun. That was a very fortuitous start. I was actually listening to your interview on the Gradient podcast. So if people want to know more about the history of Soumith, history of PyTorch, they can go to that podcast. We won't spend that much time there, but I just was marveling at your luck, or I don't know if it's your luck or your drive to find AI early and then find the right quality mentor because I guess Yan really sort of introduced you to that world.Soumith [00:00:51]: Yeah, I think you're talking about extrinsic success, right? A lot of people just have drive to do things that they think is fun, and a lot of those things might or might not be extrinsically perceived as good and successful. I think I just happened to like something that is now one of the coolest things in the world or whatever. But if I happen, the first thing I tried to become was a 3D VFX artist, and I was really interested in doing that, but I turned out to be very bad at it. So I ended up not doing that further. But even if I was good at that, whatever, and I ended up going down that path, I probably would have been equally happy. It's just like maybe like the perception of, oh, is this person successful or not might be different. I think like after a baseline, like your happiness is probably more correlated with your intrinsic stuff.Swyx [00:01:44]: Yes. I think Dan Pink has this book on drive that I often refer to about the power of intrinsic motivation versus extrinsic and how long extrinsic lasts. It's not very long at all. But anyway, now you are an investor in Runway, so in a way you're working on VFX. Yes.Soumith [00:02:01]: I mean, in a very convoluted way.Swyx [00:02:03]: It reminds me of Ed Catmull. I don't know if you guys know, but he actually tried to become an animator in his early years and failed or didn't get accepted by Disney and then went and created Pixar and then got bought by Disney and created Toy Story. So you joined Facebook in 2014 and eventually became a creator and maintainer of PyTorch. And there's this long story there you can refer to on the gradient. I think maybe people don't know that you also involved in more sort of hardware and cluster decision affair. And we can dive into more details there because we're all about hardware this month. Yeah. And then finally, I don't know what else, like what else should people know about you on a personal side or professional side?Soumith [00:02:40]: I think open source is definitely a big passion of mine and probably forms a little bit of my identity at this point. I'm irrationally interested in open source. I think open source has that fundamental way to distribute opportunity in a way that is very powerful. Like, I grew up in India. I didn't have internet for a while. In college, actually, I didn't have internet except for GPRS or whatever. And knowledge was very centralized, but I saw that evolution of knowledge slowly getting decentralized. And that ended up helping me learn quicker and faster for zero dollars. And I think that was a strong reason why I ended up where I am. So the open source side of things, I always push regardless of what I get paid for, like I think I would do that as a passion project on the side.Swyx [00:03:35]: Yeah, that's wonderful. Well, we'll talk about the challenges as well that open source has, open models versus closed models. Maybe you want to touch a little bit on PyTorch before we move on to the sort of Meta AI in general.PyTorch vs Tinygrad tradeoffsAlessio [00:03:46]: Yeah, we kind of touched on PyTorch in a lot of episodes. So we had George Hotz from TinyGrad. He called PyTorch a CISC and TinyGrad a RISC. I would love to get your thoughts on PyTorch design direction as far as, I know you talk a lot about kind of having a happy path to start with and then making complexity hidden away but then available to the end user. One of the things that George mentioned is I think you have like 250 primitive operators in PyTorch, I think TinyGrad is four. So how do you think about some of the learnings that maybe he's going to run into that you already had in the past seven, eight years almost of running PyTorch?Soumith [00:04:24]: Yeah, I think there's different models here, but I think it's two different models that people generally start with. Either they go like, I have a grand vision and I'm going to build a giant system that achieves this grand vision and maybe one is super feature complete or whatever. Or other people say they will get incrementally ambitious, right? And they say, oh, we'll start with something simple and then we'll slowly layer out complexity in a way that optimally applies Huffman coding or whatever. Like where the density of users are and what they're using, I would want to keep it in the easy, happy path and where the more niche advanced use cases, I'll still want people to try them, but they need to take additional frictional steps. George, I think just like we started with PyTorch, George started with the incrementally ambitious thing. I remember TinyGrad used to be, like we would be limited to a thousand lines of code and I think now it's at 5,000. So I think there is no real magic to which why PyTorch has the kind of complexity. I think it's probably partly necessitated and partly because we built with the technology available under us at that time, PyTorch is like 190,000 lines of code or something at this point. I think if you had to rewrite it, we would probably think about ways to rewrite it in a vastly simplified way for sure. But a lot of that complexity comes from the fact that in a very simple, explainable way, you have memory hierarchies. You have CPU has three levels of caches and then you have DRAM and SSD and then you have network. Similarly, GPU has several levels of memory and then you have different levels of network hierarchies, NVLink plus InfiniBand or Rocky or something like that, right? And the way the flops are available on your hardware, they are available in a certain way and your computation is in a certain way and you have to retrofit your computation onto both the memory hierarchy and like the flops available. When you're doing this, it is actually a fairly hard mathematical problem to do this setup, like you find the optimal thing. And finding the optimal thing is, what is optimal depends on the input variables themselves. So like, okay, what is the shape of your input tensors and what is the operation you're trying to do and various things like that. Finding that optimal configuration and writing it down in code is not the same for every input configuration you have. Like for example, just as the shape of the tensors change, let's say you have three input tensors into a Sparstar product or something like that. The shape of each of these input tensors will vastly change how you do this optimally placing this operation onto the hardware in a way that will get you maximal throughput. So a lot of our complexity comes from writing out hundreds of configurations for each single PyTorch operator and templatizing these things and symbolically generating the final CUDA code or CPU code. There's no way to avoid it because mathematically we haven't found symbolic ways to do this that also keep compile time near zero. You can write a very simple framework, but then you also should be willing to eat the long compile time. So if searching for that optimal performance at runtime, but that's the trade off. There's no, like, I don't think unless we have great breakthroughs George's vision is achievable, he should be thinking about a narrower problem such as I'm only going to make this for work for self-driving car connets or I'm only going to make this work for LLM transformers of the llama style. Like if you start narrowing the problem down, you can make a vastly simpler framework. But if you don't, if you need the generality to power all of the AI research that is happening and keep zero compile time and in all these other factors, I think it's not easy to avoid the complexity.Pytorch vs MojoAlessio [00:08:33]: That's interesting. And we kind of touched on this with Chris Lattner when he was on the podcast. If you think about frameworks, they have the model target. They have the hardware target. They have different things to think about. He mentioned when he was at Google, TensorFlow trying to be optimized to make TPUs go brr, you know, and go as fast. I think George is trying to make especially AMD stack be better than ROCm. How come PyTorch has been such as Switzerland versus just making Meta hardware go brr?Soumith [00:09:00]: First, Meta is not in the business of selling hardware. Meta is not in the business of cloud compute. The way Meta thinks about funding PyTorch is we're funding it because it's net good for Meta to fund PyTorch because PyTorch has become a standard and a big open source project. And generally it gives us a timeline edge. It gives us leverage and all that within our own work. So why is PyTorch more of a Switzerland rather than being opinionated? I think the way we think about it is not in terms of Switzerland or not. We actually the way we articulate it to all hardware vendors and software vendors and all who come to us being we want to build a backend in core for PyTorch and ship it by default is we just only look at our user side of things. Like if users are using a particular piece of hardware, then we want to support it. We very much don't want to king make the hardware side of things. So as the MacBooks have GPUs and as that stuff started getting increasingly interesting, we pushed Apple to push some engineers and work on the NPS support and we spend significant time from Meta funded engineers on that as well because a lot of people are using the Apple GPUs and there's demand. So we kind of mostly look at it from the demand side. We never look at it from like oh which hardware should we start taking opinions on.Swyx [00:10:27]: Is there a future in which, because Mojo or Modular Mojo is kind of a superset of Python, is there a future in which PyTorch might use Mojo features optionally?Soumith [00:10:36]: I think it depends on how well integrated it is into the Python ecosystem. So if Mojo is like a pip install and it's readily available and users feel like they can use Mojo so smoothly within their workflows in a way that just is low friction, we would definitely look into that. Like in the same way PyTorch now depends on Triton, OpenAI Triton, and we never had a conversation that was like huh, that's like a dependency. Should we just build a Triton of our own or should we use Triton? It almost doesn't, like those conversations don't really come up for us. The conversations are more well does Triton have 10,000 dependencies and is it hard to install? We almost don't look at these things from a strategic leverage point of view. We look at these things from a user experience point of view, like is it easy to install? Is it smoothly integrated and does it give enough benefits for us to start depending on it? If so, yeah, we should consider it. That's how we think about it.Swyx [00:11:37]: You're inclusive by default as long as it meets the minimum bar of, yeah, but like maybe I phrased it wrongly. Maybe it's more like what problems would you look to solve that you have right now?Soumith [00:11:48]: I think it depends on what problems Mojo will be useful at.Swyx [00:11:52]: Mainly a performance pitch, some amount of cross compiling pitch.Soumith [00:11:56]: Yeah, I think the performance pitch for Mojo was like, we're going to be performant even if you have a lot of custom stuff, you're going to write arbitrary custom things and we will be performant. And that value proposition is not clear to us from the PyTorch side to consider it for PyTorch. So PyTorch, it's actually not 250 operators, it's like a thousand operators. PyTorch exposes about a thousand operators and people kind of write their ideas in the thousand operators of PyTorch. Mojo is like, well, maybe it's okay to completely sidestep those thousand operators of PyTorch and just write it in a more natural form. Just write raw Python, write for loops or whatever, right? So from the consideration of how do we intersect PyTorch with Mojo, I can see one use case where you have custom stuff for some parts of your program, but mostly it's PyTorch. And so we can probably figure out how to make it easier for say Torch.compile to smoothly also consume Mojo subgraphs and like, you know, the interoperability being actually usable, that I think is valuable. But Mojo as a fundamental front end would be replacing PyTorch, not augmenting PyTorch. So in that sense, I don't see a synergy in more deeply integrating Mojo.Pytorch vs MLXSwyx [00:13:21]: So call out to Mojo whenever they have written something in Mojo and there's some performance related thing going on. And then since you mentioned Apple, what should people think of PyTorch versus MLX?Soumith [00:13:32]: I mean, MLX is early and I know the folks well, Ani used to work at FAIR and I used to chat with him all the time. He used to be based out of New York as well. The way I think about MLX is that MLX is specialized for Apple right now. It has a happy path because it's defined its product in a narrow way. At some point MLX either says we will only be supporting Apple and we will just focus on enabling, you know, there's a framework if you use your MacBook, but once you like go server side or whatever, that's not my problem and I don't care. For MLS, it enters like the server side set of things as well. Like one of these two things will happen, right? If the first thing will happen, like MLX's overall addressable market will be small, but it probably do well within that addressable market. If it enters the second phase, they're going to run into all the same complexities that we have to deal with. They will not have any magic wand and they will have more complex work to do. They probably wouldn't be able to move as fast.Swyx [00:14:44]: Like having to deal with distributed compute?Soumith [00:14:48]: Distributed, NVIDIA and AMD GPUs, like just like having a generalization of the concept of a backend, how they treat compilation with plus overheads. Right now they're deeply assumed like the whole NPS graph thing. So they need to think about all these additional things if they end up expanding onto the server side and they'll probably build something like PyTorch as well, right? Like eventually that's where it will land. And I think there they will kind of fail on the lack of differentiation. Like it wouldn't be obvious to people why they would want to use it.Swyx [00:15:24]: I mean, there are some cloud companies offering M1 and M2 chips on servers. I feel like it might be interesting for Apple to pursue that market, but it's not their core strength.Soumith [00:15:33]: Yeah. If Apple can figure out their interconnect story, maybe, like then it can become a thing.Swyx [00:15:40]: Honestly, that's more interesting than the cars. Yes.Soumith [00:15:43]: I think the moat that NVIDIA has right now, I feel is that they have the interconnect that no one else has, like AMD GPUs are pretty good. I'm sure there's various silicon that is not bad at all, but the interconnect, like NVLink is uniquely awesome. I'm sure the other hardware providers are working on it, but-Swyx [00:16:04]: I feel like when you say it's uniquely awesome, you have some appreciation of it that the rest of us don't. I mean, the rest of us just like, you know, we hear marketing lines, but what do you mean when you say NVIDIA is very good at networking? Obviously they made the acquisition maybe like 15 years ago.Soumith [00:16:15]: Just the bandwidth it offers and the latency it offers. I mean, TPUs also have a good interconnect, but you can't buy them. So you have to go to Google to use it.PyTorch MafiaAlessio [00:16:27]: Who are some of the other FAIR PyTorch alumni that are building cool companies? I know you have Fireworks AI, Lightning AI, Lepton, and Yangqing, you knew since college when he was building Coffee?Soumith [00:16:40]: Yeah, so Yangqing and I used to be framework rivals, PyTorch, I mean, we were all a very small close-knit community back then. Caffe, Torch, Theano, Chainer, Keras, various frameworks. I mean, it used to be more like 20 frameworks. I can't remember all the names. CCV by Liu Liu, who is also based out of SF. And I would actually like, you know, one of the ways it was interesting is you went into the framework guts and saw if someone wrote their own convolution kernel or they were just copying someone else's. There were four or five convolution kernels that were unique and interesting. There was one from this guy out of Russia, I forgot the name, but I remembered who was awesome enough to have written their own kernel. And at some point there, I built out these benchmarks called ConNet benchmarks. They're just benchmarking all the convolution kernels that are available at that time. It hilariously became big enough that at that time AI was getting important, but not important enough that industrial strength players came in to do these kinds of benchmarking and standardization. Like we have MLPerf today. So a lot of the startups were using ConNet benchmarks in their pitch decks as like, oh, you know, on ConNet benchmarks, this is how we fare, so you should fund us. I remember Nirvana actually was at the top of the pack because Scott Gray wrote amazingly fast convolution kernels at that time. Very interesting, but separate times. But to answer your question, Alessio, I think mainly Lepton, Fireworks are the two most obvious ones, but I'm sure the fingerprints are a lot wider. They're just people who worked within the PyTorch Cafe2 cohort of things and now end up at various other places.Swyx [00:18:50]: I think as a, both as an investor and a people looking to build on top of their services, it's a uncomfortable slash like, I don't know what I don't know pitch. Because I've met Yang Tsing and I've met Lin Chao. Yeah, I've met these folks and they're like, you know, we are deep in the PyTorch ecosystem and we serve billions of inferences a day or whatever at Facebook and now we can do it for you. And I'm like, okay, that's great. Like, what should I be wary of or cautious of when these things happen? Because I'm like, obviously this experience is extremely powerful and valuable. I just don't know what I don't know. Like, what should people know about like these sort of new inference as a service companies?Soumith [00:19:32]: I think at that point you would be investing in them for their expertise of one kind. So if they've been at a large company, but they've been doing amazing work, you would be thinking about it as what these people bring to the table is that they're really good at like GPU programming or understanding the complexity of serving models once it hits a certain scale. You know, various expertise like from the infra and AI and GPUs point of view. What you would obviously want to figure out is whether their understanding of the external markets is clear, whether they know and understand how to think about running a business, understanding how to be disciplined about making money or, you know, various things like that.Swyx [00:20:23]: Maybe I'll put it like, actually I will de-emphasize the investing bit and just more as a potential customer. Oh, okay. Like, it's more okay, you know, you have PyTorch gods, of course. Like, what else should I know?Soumith [00:20:37]: I mean, I would not care about who's building something. If I'm trying to be a customer, I would care about whether...Swyx [00:20:44]: Benchmarks.Soumith [00:20:44]: Yeah, I use it and it's usability and reliability and speed, right?Swyx [00:20:51]: Quality as well.Soumith [00:20:51]: Yeah, if someone from some random unknown place came to me and say, user stuff is great. Like, and I have the bandwidth, I probably will give it a shot. And if it turns out to be great, like I'll just use it.Benchmark dramaSwyx [00:21:07]: Okay, great. And then maybe one more thing about benchmarks, since we already brought it up and you brought up Confident Benchmarks. There was some recent drama around AnyScale. AnyScale released their own benchmarks and obviously they look great on their own benchmarks, but maybe didn't give the other... I feel there are two lines of criticism. One, which is they didn't test some apples for apples on the kind of endpoints that the other providers, that they are competitors with, on their benchmarks and that is due diligence baseline. And then the second would be more just optimizing for the right thing. You had some commentary on it. I'll just kind of let you riff.Soumith [00:21:41]: Yeah, I mean, in summary, basically my criticism of that was AnyScale built these benchmarks for end users to just understand what they should pick, right? And that's a very good thing to do. I think what they didn't do a good job of is give that end user a full understanding of what they should pick. Like they just gave them a very narrow slice of understanding. I think they just gave them latency numbers and that's not sufficient, right? You need to understand your total cost of ownership at some reasonable scale. Not oh, one API call is one cent, but a thousand API calls are 10 cents. Like people can misprice to cheat on those benchmarks. So you want to understand, okay, like how much is it going to cost me if I actually subscribe to you and do like a million API calls a month or something? And then you want to understand the latency and reliability, not just from one call you made, but an aggregate of calls you've made over several various times of the day and times of the week. And the nature of the workloads, is it just some generic single paragraph that you're sending that is cashable? Or is it like testing of real world workload? I think that kind of rigor, like in presenting that benchmark wasn't there. It was a much more narrow sliver of what should have been a good benchmark. That was my main criticism. And I'm pretty sure if before they released it, they showed it to their other stakeholders who would be caring about this benchmark because they are present in it, they would have easily just pointed out these gaps. And I think they didn't do that and they just released it. So I think those were the two main criticisms. I think they were fair and Robert took it well.Swyx [00:23:40]: And he took it very well. And we'll have him on at some point and we'll discuss it. But I think it's important for, I think the market being maturing enough that people start caring and competing on these kinds of things means that we need to establish what best practice is because otherwise everyone's going to play dirty.Soumith [00:23:55]: Yeah, absolutely. My view of the LLM inference market in general is that it's the laundromat model. Like the margins are going to drive down towards the bare minimum. It's going to be all kinds of arbitrage between how much you can get the hardware for and then how much you sell the API and how much latency your customers are willing to let go. You need to figure out how to squeeze your margins. Like what is your unique thing here? Like I think Together and Fireworks and all these people are trying to build some faster CUDA kernels and faster, you know, hardware kernels in general. But those modes only last for a month or two. These ideas quickly propagate.Swyx [00:24:38]: Even if they're not published?Soumith [00:24:39]: Even if they're not published, the idea space is small. So even if they're not published, the discovery rate is going to be pretty high. It's not like we're talking about a combinatorial thing that is really large. You're talking about Llama style LLM models. And we're going to beat those to death on a few different hardware SKUs, right? Like it's not even we have a huge diversity of hardware you're going to aim to run it on. Now when you have such a narrow problem and you have a lot of people working on it, the rate at which these ideas are going to get figured out is going to be pretty rapid.Swyx [00:25:15]: Is it a standard bag of tricks? Like the standard one that I know of is, you know, fusing operators and-Soumith [00:25:22]: Yeah, it's the standard bag of tricks on figuring out how to improve your memory bandwidth and all that, yeah.Alessio [00:25:28]: Any ideas instead of things that are not being beaten to death that people should be paying more attention to?Novel PyTorch ApplicationsSwyx [00:25:34]: One thing I was like, you know, you have a thousand operators, right? Like what's the most interesting usage of PyTorch that you're seeing maybe outside of this little bubble?Soumith [00:25:41]: So PyTorch, it's very interesting and scary at the same time, but basically it's used in a lot of exotic ways, like from the ML angle, what kind of models are being built? And you get all the way from state-based models and all of these things to stuff nth order differentiable models, like neural ODEs and stuff like that. I think there's one set of interestingness factor from the ML side of things. And then there's the other set of interesting factor from the applications point of view. It's used in Mars Rover simulations, to drug discovery, to Tesla cars. And there's a huge diversity of applications in which it is used. So in terms of the most interesting application side of things, I think I'm scared at how many interesting things that are also very critical and really important it is used in. I think the scariest was when I went to visit CERN at some point and they said they were using PyTorch and they were using GANs at the same time for particle physics research. And I was scared more about the fact that they were using GANs than they were using PyTorch, because at that time I was a researcher focusing on GANs. But the diversity is probably the most interesting. How many different things it is being used in. I think that's the most interesting to me from the applications perspective. From the models perspective, I think I've seen a lot of them. Like the really interesting ones to me are where we're starting to combine search and symbolic stuff with differentiable models, like the whole AlphaGo style models is one example. And then I think we're attempting to do it for LLMs as well, with various reward models and search. I mean, I don't think PyTorch is being used in this, but the whole alpha geometry thing was interesting because again, it's an example of combining the symbolic models with the gradient based ones. But there are stuff like alpha geometry that PyTorch is used at, especially when you intersect biology and chemistry with ML. In those areas, you want stronger guarantees on the output. So yeah, maybe from the ML side, those things to me are very interesting right now.Swyx [00:28:03]: Yeah. People are very excited about the alpha geometry thing. And it's kind of like, for me, it's theoretical. It's great. You can solve some Olympia questions. I'm not sure how to make that bridge over into the real world applications, but I'm sure people smarter than me will figure it out.Synthetic Data vs Symbolic ModelsSoumith [00:28:18]: Let me give you an example of it. You know how the whole thing about synthetic data will be the next rage in LLMs is a thing?Swyx [00:28:27]: Already is a rage.Soumith [00:28:28]: Which I think is fairly misplaced in how people perceive it. People think synthetic data is some kind of magic wand that you wave and it's going to be amazing. Synthetic data is useful in neural networks right now because we as humans have figured out a bunch of symbolic models of the world or made up certain symbolic models because of human innate biases. So we've figured out how to ground particle physics in a 30 parameter model. And it's just very hard to compute as in it takes a lot of flops to compute, but it only has 30 parameters or so. I mean, I'm not a physics expert, but it's a very low rank model. We built mathematics as a field that basically is very low rank. Language, a deep understanding of language, like the whole syntactic parse trees and just understanding how language can be broken down and into a formal symbolism is something that we figured out. So we basically as humans have accumulated all this knowledge on these subjects, either synthetic, we created those subjects in our heads, or we grounded some real world phenomenon into a set of symbols. But we haven't figured out how to teach neural networks symbolic world models directly. The only way we have to teach them is generating a bunch of inputs and outputs and gradient dissenting over them. So in areas where we have the symbolic models and we need to teach all the knowledge we have that is better encoded in the symbolic models, what we're doing is we're generating a bunch of synthetic data, a bunch of input output pairs, and then giving that to the neural network and asking it to learn the same thing that we already have a better low rank model of in gradient descent in a much more over-parameterized way. Outside of this, like where we don't have good symbolic models, like synthetic data obviously doesn't make any sense. So synthetic data is not a magic wand where it'll work in all cases in every case or whatever. It's just where we as humans already have good symbolic models off. We need to impart that knowledge to neural networks and we figured out the synthetic data is a vehicle to impart this knowledge to. So, but people, because maybe they don't know enough about synthetic data as a notion, but they hear, you know, the next wave of data revolution is synthetic data. They think it's some kind of magic where we just create a bunch of random data somehow. They don't think about how, and then they think that's just a revolution. And I think that's maybe a gap in understanding most people have in this hype cycle.Swyx [00:31:23]: Yeah, well, it's a relatively new concept, so. Oh, there's two more that I'll put in front of you and then you can see what you respond. One is, you know, I have this joke that it's, you know, it's only synthetic data if it's from the Mistral region of France, otherwise it's just a sparkling distillation, which is what news research is doing. Like they're distilling GPT-4 by creating synthetic data from GPT-4, creating mock textbooks inspired by Phi 2 and then fine tuning open source models like Llama. And so I don't know, I mean, I think that's, should we call that synthetic data? Should we call it something else? I don't know.Soumith [00:31:57]: Yeah, I mean, the outputs of LLMs, are they synthetic data? They probably are, but I think it depends on the goal you have. If your goal is you're creating synthetic data with the goal of trying to distill GPT-4's superiority into another model, I guess you can call it synthetic data, but it also feels like disingenuous because your goal is I need to copy the behavior of GPT-4 and-Swyx [00:32:25]: It's also not just behavior, but data set. So I've often thought of this as data set washing. Like you need one model at the top of the chain, you know, unnamed French company that has that, you know, makes a model that has all the data in it that we don't know where it's from, but it's open source, hey, and then we distill from that and it's great. To be fair, they also use larger models as judges for preference ranking, right? So that is, I think, a very, very accepted use of synthetic.Soumith [00:32:53]: Correct. I think it's a very interesting time where we don't really have good social models of what is acceptable depending on how many bits of information you use from someone else, right? It's like, okay, you use one bit. Is that okay? Yeah, let's accept it to be okay. Okay, what about if you use 20 bits? Is that okay? I don't know. What if you use 200 bits? I don't think we as society have ever been in this conundrum where we have to be like, where is the boundary of copyright or where is the boundary of socially accepted understanding of copying someone else? We haven't been tested this mathematically before,Swyx [00:33:38]: in my opinion. Whether it's transformative use. Yes. So yeah, I think this New York Times opening eye case is gonna go to the Supreme Court and we'll have to decide it because I think we never had to deal with it before. And then finally, for synthetic data, the thing that I'm personally exploring is solving this great stark paradigm difference between rag and fine tuning, where you can kind of create synthetic data off of your retrieved documents and then fine tune on that. That's kind of synthetic. All you need is variation or diversity of samples for you to fine tune on. And then you can fine tune new knowledge into your model. I don't know if you've seen that as a direction for synthetic data.Soumith [00:34:13]: I think you're basically trying to, what you're doing is you're saying, well, language, I know how to parametrize language to an extent. And I need to teach my model variations of this input data so that it's resilient or invariant to language uses of that data.Swyx [00:34:32]: Yeah, it doesn't overfit on the wrong source documents.Soumith [00:34:33]: So I think that's 100% synthetic. You understand, the key is you create variations of your documents and you know how to do that because you have a symbolic model or like some implicit symbolic model of language.Swyx [00:34:48]: Okay.Alessio [00:34:49]: Do you think the issue with symbolic models is just the architecture of the language models that we're building? I think maybe the thing that people grasp is the inability of transformers to deal with numbers because of the tokenizer. Is it a fundamental issue there too? And do you see alternative architectures that will be better with symbolic understanding?Soumith [00:35:09]: I am not sure if it's a fundamental issue or not. I think we just don't understand transformers enough. I don't even mean transformers as an architecture. I mean the use of transformers today, like combining the tokenizer and transformers and the dynamics of training, when you show math heavy questions versus not. I don't have a good calibration of whether I know the answer or not. I, you know, there's common criticisms that are, you know, transformers will just fail at X. But then when you scale them up to sufficient scale, they actually don't fail at that X. I think there's this entire subfield where they're trying to figure out these answers called like the science of deep learning or something. So we'll get to know more. I don't know the answer.Meta AI and Llama 2/3Swyx [00:35:57]: Got it. Let's touch a little bit on just Meta AI and you know, stuff that's going on there. Maybe, I don't know how deeply you're personally involved in it, but you're our first guest with Meta AI, which is really fantastic. And Llama 1 was, you know, you are such a believer in open source. Llama 1 was more or less the real breakthrough in open source AI. The most interesting thing for us covering on this, in this podcast was the death of Chinchilla, as people say. Any interesting insights there around the scaling models for open source models or smaller models or whatever that design decision was when you guys were doing it?Soumith [00:36:31]: So Llama 1 was Guillaume Lample and team. There was OPT before, which I think I'm also very proud of because we bridged the gap in understanding of how complex it is to train these models to the world. Like until then, no one really in gory detail published.Swyx [00:36:50]: The logs.Soumith [00:36:51]: Yeah. Like, why is it complex? And everyone says, oh, it's complex. But no one really talked about why it's complex. I think OPT was cool.Swyx [00:37:02]: I met Susan and she's very, very outspoken. Yeah.Soumith [00:37:05]: We probably, I think, didn't train it for long enough, right? That's kind of obvious in retrospect.Swyx [00:37:12]: For a 175B. Yeah. You trained it according to Chinchilla at the time or?Soumith [00:37:17]: I can't remember the details, but I think it's a commonly held belief at this point that if we trained OPT longer, it would actually end up being better. Llama 1, I think, was Guillaume Lample and team Guillaume is fantastic and went on to build Mistral. I wasn't too involved in that side of things. So I don't know what you're asking me, which is how did they think about scaling loss and all of that? Llama 2, I was more closely involved in. I helped them a reasonable amount with their infrastructure needs and stuff. And Llama 2, I think, was more like, let's get to the evolution. At that point, we kind of understood what we were missing from the industry's understanding of LLMs. And we needed more data and we needed more to train the models for longer. And we made, I think, a few tweaks to the architecture and we scaled up more. And that was Llama 2. I think Llama 2, you can think of it as after Guillaume left, the team kind of rebuilt their muscle around Llama 2. And Hugo, I think, who's the first author is fantastic. And I think he did play a reasonable big role in Llama 1 as well.Soumith [00:38:35]: And he overlaps between Llama 1 and 2. So in Llama 3, obviously, hopefully, it'll be awesome.Alessio [00:38:42]: Just one question on Llama 2, and then we'll try and fish Llama 3 spoilers out of you. In the Llama 2 paper, the loss curves of the 34 and 70B parameter, they still seem kind of steep. Like they could go lower. How, from an infrastructure level, how do you allocate resources? Could they have just gone longer or were you just, hey, this is all the GPUs that we can burn and let's just move on to Llama 3 and then make that one better?Soumith [00:39:07]: Instead of answering specifically about that Llama 2 situation or whatever, I'll tell you how we think about things. Generally, we're, I mean, Mark really is some numbers, right?Swyx [00:39:20]: So let's cite those things again. All I remember is like 600K GPUs.Soumith [00:39:24]: That is by the end of this year and 600K H100 equivalents. With 250K H100s, including all of our other GPU or accelerator stuff, it would be 600-and-something-K aggregate capacity.Swyx [00:39:38]: That's a lot of GPUs.Soumith [00:39:39]: We'll talk about that separately. But the way we think about it is we have a train of models, right? Llama 1, 2, 3, 4. And we have a bunch of GPUs. I don't think we're short of GPUs. Like-Swyx [00:39:54]: Yeah, no, I wouldn't say so. Yeah, so it's all a matter of time.Soumith [00:39:56]: I think time is the biggest bottleneck. It's like, when do you stop training the previous one and when do you start training the next one? And how do you make those decisions? The data, do you have net new data, better clean data for the next one in a way that it's not worth really focusing on the previous one? It's just a standard iterative product. You're like, when is the iPhone 1? When do you start working on iPhone 2? Where is the iPhone? And so on, right? So mostly the considerations are time and generation, rather than GPUs, in my opinion.Alessio [00:40:31]: So one of the things with the scaling loss, like Chinchilla is optimal to balance training and inference costs. I think at Meta's scale, you would rather pay a lot more maybe at training and then save on inference. How do you think about that from infrastructure perspective? I think in your tweet, you say you can try and guess on like how we're using these GPUs. Can you just give people a bit of understanding? It's like, because I've already seen a lot of VCs say, Llama 3 has been trained on 600,000 GPUs and that's obviously not true, I'm sure. How do you allocate between the research, FAIR and the Llama training, the inference on Instagram suggestions that get me to scroll, like AI-generated stickers on WhatsApp and all of that?Soumith [00:41:11]: Yeah, we haven't talked about any of this publicly, but as a broad stroke, it's like how we would allocate resources of any other kinds at any company. You run a VC portfolio, how do you allocate your investments between different companies or whatever? You kind of make various trade-offs and you kind of decide, should I invest in this project or this other project, or how much should I invest in this project? It's very much a zero sum of trade-offs. And it also comes into play, how are your clusters configured, like overall, what you can fit of what size and what cluster and so on. So broadly, there's no magic sauce here. I mean, I think the details would add more spice, but also wouldn't add more understanding. It's just gonna be like, oh, okay, I mean, this looks like they just think about this as I would normally do.Alessio [00:42:05]: So even the GPU rich run through the same struggles of having to decide where to allocate things.Soumith [00:42:11]: Yeah, I mean, at some point I forgot who said it, but you kind of fit your models to the amount of compute you have. If you don't have enough compute, you figure out how to make do with smaller models. But no one as of today, I think would feel like they have enough compute. I don't think I've heard any company within the AI space be like, oh yeah, like we feel like we have sufficient compute and we couldn't have done better. So that conversation, I don't think I've heard from any of my friends at other companies.EleutherSwyx [00:42:47]: Stella from Eleuther sometimes says that because she has a lot of donated compute. She's trying to put it to interesting uses, but for some reason she's decided to stop making large models.Soumith [00:42:57]: I mean, that's a cool, high conviction opinion that might pay out.Swyx [00:43:01]: Why?Soumith [00:43:02]: I mean, she's taking a path that most people don't care to take about in this climate and she probably will have very differentiated ideas. I mean, think about the correlation of ideas in AI right now. It's so bad, right? So everyone's fighting for the same pie. In some weird sense, that's partly why I don't really directly work on LLMs. I used to do image models and stuff and I actually stopped doing GANs because GANs were getting so hot that I didn't have any calibration of whether my work would be useful or not because, oh yeah, someone else did the same thing you did. It's like, there's so much to do, I don't understand why I need to fight for the same pie. So I think Stella's decision is very smart.Making BetsAlessio [00:43:53]: And how do you reconcile that with how we started the discussion about intrinsic versus extrinsic kind of like accomplishment or success? How should people think about that especially when they're doing a PhD or early in their career? I think in Europe, I walked through a lot of the posters and whatnot, there seems to be mode collapse in a way in the research, a lot of people working on the same things. Is it worth for a PhD to not take a bet on something that is maybe not as interesting just because of funding and visibility and whatnot? Or yeah, what suggestions would you give?Soumith [00:44:28]: I think there's a baseline level of compatibility you need to have with the field. Basically, you need to figure out if you will get paid enough to eat, right? Like whatever reasonable normal lifestyle you want to have as a baseline. So you at least have to pick a problem within the neighborhood of fundable. Like you wouldn't wanna be doing something so obscure that people are like, I don't know, like you can work on it.Swyx [00:44:59]: Would a limit on fundability, I'm just observing something like three months of compute, right? That's the top line, that's the like max that you can spend on any one project.Soumith [00:45:09]: But like, I think that's very ill specified, like how much compute, right? I think that the notion of fundability is broader. It's more like, hey, are these family of models within the acceptable set of, you're not crazy or something, right? Even something like neural or DS, which is a very boundary pushing thing or states-based models or whatever. Like all of these things I think are still in fundable territory. When you're talking about, I'm gonna do one of the neuromorphic models and then apply image classification to them or something, then it becomes a bit questionable. Again, it depends on your motivation. Maybe if you're a neuroscientist, it actually is feasible. But if you're an AI engineer, like the audience of these podcasts, then it's more questionable. The way I think about it is, you need to figure out how you can be in the baseline level of fundability just so that you can just live. And then after that, really focus on intrinsic motivation and depends on your strengths, like how you can play to your strengths and your interests at the same time. Like I try to look at a bunch of ideas that are interesting to me, but also try to play to my strengths. I'm not gonna go work on theoretical ML. I'm interested in it, but when I want to work on something like that, I try to partner with someone who is actually a good theoretical ML person and see if I actually have any value to provide. And if they think I do, then I come in. So I think you'd want to find that intersection of ideas you like, and that also play to your strengths. And I'd go from there. Everything else, like actually finding extrinsic success and all of that, I think is the way I think about it is like somewhat immaterial. When you're talking about building ecosystems and stuff, slightly different considerations come into play, but that's a different conversation.Swyx [00:47:06]: We're gonna pivot a little bit to just talking about open source AI. But one more thing I wanted to establish for Meta is this 600K number, just kind of rounding out the discussion, that's for all Meta. So including your own inference needs, right? It's not just about training.Soumith [00:47:19]: It's gonna be the number in our data centers for all of Meta, yeah.Swyx [00:47:23]: Yeah, so there's a decent amount of workload serving Facebook and Instagram and whatever. And then is there interest in like your own hardware?MTIASoumith [00:47:31]: We already talked about our own hardware. It's called MTIA. Our own silicon, I think we've even showed the standard photograph of you holding the chip that doesn't work. Like as in the chip that you basically just get like-Swyx [00:47:51]: As a test, right?Soumith [00:47:52]: Yeah, a test chip or whatever. So we are working on our silicon and we'll probably talk more about it when the time is right, but-Swyx [00:48:00]: Like what gaps do you have that the market doesn't offer?Soumith [00:48:04]: Okay, I mean, this is easy to answer. So basically, remember how I told you about there's this memory hierarchy and like sweet spots and all of that? Fundamentally, when you build a hardware, you make it general enough that a wide set of customers and a wide set of workloads can use it effectively while trying to get the maximum level of performance they can. The more specialized you make the chip, the more hardware efficient it's going to be, the more power efficient it's gonna be, the more easier it's going to be to find the software, like the kernel's right to just map that one or two workloads to that hardware and so on. So it's pretty well understood across the industry that if you have a sufficiently large volume, enough workload, you can specialize it and get some efficiency gains, like power gains and so on. So the way you can think about everyone building, every large company building silicon, I think a bunch of the other large companies are building their own silicon as well, is they, each large company has a sufficient enough set of verticalized workloads that can be specialized that have a pattern to them that say a more generic accelerator like an NVIDIA or an AMD GPU does not exploit. So there is some level of power efficiency that you're leaving on the table by not exploiting that. And you have sufficient scale and you have sufficient forecasted stability that those workloads will exist in the same form, that it's worth spending the time to build out a chip to exploit that sweet spot. Like obviously something like this is only useful if you hit a certain scale and that your forecasted prediction of those kind of workloads being in the same kind of specializable exploitable way is true. So yeah, that's why we're building our own chips.Swyx [00:50:08]: Awesome.Open Source AIAlessio [00:50:09]: Yeah, I know we've been talking a lot on a lot of different topics and going back to open source, you had a very good tweet. You said that a single company's closed source effort rate limits against people's imaginations and needs. How do you think about all the impact that some of the Meta AI work in open source has been doing and maybe directions of the whole open source AI space?Soumith [00:50:32]: Yeah, in general, I think first, I think it's worth talking about this in terms of open and not just open source, because like with the whole notion of model weights, no one even knows what source means for these things. But just for the discussion, when I say open source, you can assume it's just I'm talking about open. And then there's the whole notion of licensing and all that, commercial, non-commercial, commercial with clauses and all that. I think at a fundamental level, the most benefited value of open source is that you make the distribution to be very wide. It's just available with no friction and people can do transformative things in a way that's very accessible. Maybe it's open source, but it has a commercial license and I'm a student in India. I don't care about the license. I just don't even understand the license. But like the fact that I can use it and do something with it is very transformative to me. Like I got this thing in a very accessible way. And then it's various degrees, right? And then if it's open source, but it's actually a commercial license, then a lot of companies are gonna benefit from gaining value that they didn't previously have, that they maybe had to pay a closed source company for it. So open source is just a very interesting tool that you can use in various ways. So there's, again, two kinds of open source. One is some large company doing a lot of work and then open sourcing it. And that kind of effort is not really feasible by say a band of volunteers doing it the same way. So there's both a capital and operational expenditure that the large company just decided to ignore and give it away to the world for some benefits of some kind. They're not as tangible as direct revenue. So in that part, Meta has been doing incredibly good things. They fund a huge amount of the PyTorch development. They've open sourced Llama and those family of models and several other fairly transformative projects. FICE is one, Segment Anything, Detectron, Detectron 2. Dense Pose. I mean, it's-Swyx [00:52:52]: Seamless. Yeah, seamless.Soumith [00:52:53]: Like it's just the list is so long that we're not gonna cover. So I think Meta comes into that category where we spend a lot of CapEx and OpEx and we have a high talent density of great AI people and we open our stuff. And the thesis for that, I remember when FAIR was started, the common thing was like, wait, why would Meta wanna start a open AI lab? Like what exactly is a benefit from a commercial perspective? And for then the thesis was very simple. It was AI is currently rate limiting Meta's ability to do things. Our ability to build various product integrations, moderation, various other factors. Like AI was the limiting factor and we just wanted AI to advance more and we didn't care if the IP of the AI was uniquely in our possession or not. However the field advances, that accelerates Meta's ability to build a better product. So we just built an open AI lab and we said, if this helps accelerate the progress of AI, that's strictly great for us. But very easy, rational, right? Still the same to a large extent with the Llama stuff. And it's the same values, but the argument, it's a bit more nuanced. And then there's a second kind of open source, which is, oh, we built this project, nights and weekends and we're very smart people and we open sourced it and then we built a community around it. This is the Linux kernel and various software projects like that. So I think about open source, like both of these things being beneficial and both of these things being different. They're different and beneficial in their own ways. The second one is really useful when there's an active arbitrage to be done. If someone's not really looking at a particular space because it's not commercially viable or whatever, like a band of volunteers can just coordinate online and do something and then make that happen. And that's great.Open Source LLMsI wanna cover a little bit about open source LLMs maybe. So open source LLMs have been very interesting because I think we were trending towards an increase in open source in AI from 2010 all the way to 2017 or something. Like where more and more pressure within the community was to open source their stuff so that their methods and stuff get adopted. And then the LLMs revolution kind of took the opposite effect OpenAI stopped open sourcing their stuff and DeepMind kind of didn't, like all the other cloud and all these other providers, they didn't open source their stuff. And it was not good in the sense that first science done in isolation probably will just form its own bubble where people believe their own b******t or whatever. So there's that problem. And then there was the other problem which was the accessibility part. Like, okay, I again always go back to I'm a student in India with no money. What is my accessibility to any of these closers models? At some scale I have to pay money. That makes it a non-starter and stuff. And there's also the control thing. I strongly believe if you want human aligned stuff, you want all humans to give feedback. And you want all humans to have access to that technology in the first place. And I actually have seen, living in New York, whenever I come to Silicon Valley, I see a different cultural bubble. Like all the friends I hang out with talk about some random thing like Dyson Spheres or whatever, that's a thing. And most of the world doesn't know or care about any of this stuff. It's definitely a bubble and bubbles can form very easily. And when you make a lot of decisions because you're in a bubble, they're probably not globally optimal decisions. So I think open source, the distribution of open source powers a certain kind of non-falsifiability that I think is very important. I think on the open source models, like it's going great in the fact that LoRa I think came out of the necessity of open source models needing to be fine-tunable in some way. Yeah, and I think DPO also came out of the academic open source side of things. So do any of the closed source labs, did any of them already have LoRa or DPO internally? Maybe, but that does not advance humanity in any way. It advances some companies probability of doing the winner takes all that I talked about earlier in the podcast.Open Source and TrustI don't know, it just feels fundamentally good. Like when people try to, you know, people are like, well, what are the ways in which it is not okay? I find most of these arguments, and this might be a little controversial, but I find a lot of arguments based on whether closed source models are safer or open source models are safer very much related to what kind of culture they grew up in, what kind of society they grew up in. If they grew up in a society that they trusted, then I think they take the closed source argument. And if they grew up in a society that they couldn't trust, where the norm was that you didn't trust your government, obviously it's corrupt or whatever, then I think the open source argument is what they take. I think there's a deep connection to like people's innate biases from their childhood and their trust in society and governmental aspects that push them towards one opinion or the other. And I'm definitely in the camp of open source is definitely going to actually have better outcomes for society. Closed source to me just means that centralization of power, which, you know, is really hard to trust. So I think it's going well

On the latest episode of Risk Management: Brick by Brick, Jason Reichl is joined by Matt Aston, President at GPRS, the nation's largest company specializing in the detection of underground utilities.

In this episode, Aaron is joined by Matt Aston, President at GPRS. GPRS is changing the construction game, using radar and electromagnetic signals to locate utilities. This technology is essential for spotting potential hazards (exp. underground power) in the ground and even through solid concrete! How effective is it you ask? Last year they completed roughly 120,000 jobs with an incident report rate of 0.13% saving potentially millions of dollars in damages, and keeping workers safe.  GPRS is now a major player in the industry with crews nationwide. Still, they have plans to grow and are always improving to get their margin for error down to zero. This all started because Matt was bold enough to spot a major problem he knew he could solve. So next time you have some iffy digging or treacherous cutting to do, consider GPRS. You could save a lot of time and money and potentially save a life! Learn more in this episode of Dirt Talk If you have any questions or feedback, email the Dirt Talk crew at dirttalk@buildwitt.com. Stay Dirty!

In this episode, I talk with Matt Aston, GPRS’ founder, about the company’s various services, including video pipe inspection, leak detection, laser scanning, and ground-penetrating radar. He shares the origin story of GPRS and its growth strategy, and also introduces the SiteMap initiative, which aims to create a comprehensive view of underground infrastructure for facilities. […] The post TCEP 254: Ground-Penetrating Radar: Cost-Effective Solutions for Infrastructure Visibility appeared first on Engineering Management Institute.

In this Concrete Logic Podcast episode, Seth interviews Dave Mulcahey from GPRS about concrete sawing and drilling technology and the importance of safety in the industry. They discuss the major technology for scanning concrete: ground penetrating radar (GPR). Dave explains that GPRS uses GPR to locate post-tension cables, electrical conduits, and rebar in or below concrete to ensure safe sawing and drilling. They also talk about Concrete Sawing and Drilling Safety Week, an annual event dedicated to promoting safety in the industry. Dave shares the key steps and precautions that workers should take to avoid accidents and injuries. They discuss the process of scanning concrete, the limitations and applications of GPR, and the integration of GPR data into building information models (BIM). Dave emphasizes the importance of communication and collaboration between project managers and contractors to ensure safe and efficient drilling and cutting. They also address common safety issues, such as slips, trips, and falls, and exposure to silica dust. Takeaways Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a technology used to scan concrete and locate post-tension cables, electrical conduits, and rebar. Concrete Sawing and Drilling Safety Week is an annual event that promotes safety in the industry and educates workers on the dangers and precautions of concrete cutting and drilling. Communication plays a crucial role in scanning concrete, consulting contractors, and ensuring the safe execution of drilling and cutting. GPR technology provides a cross-sectional view of the concrete, allowing workers to identify targets and plan drilling and cutting accordingly. Silica dust exposure is a significant concern in the industry and measures should be taken to minimize exposure and protect workers' health.   Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Ways to Support the Podcast 02:29 Introduction to Concrete Sawing and Drilling Technology 04:24 Concrete Sawing and Drilling Safety Week 09:07 Process of Scanning and Safety Protocols 12:12 Overview of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Technology 15:57 Limitations and Applications of GPR 17:19 Integration of GPR Data into Building Information Models (BIM) 20:32 Role of GPRS Project Managers 22:13 Recommendations for Cutting and Drilling 23:51 Concrete Safety Week and Common Safety Issues 25:48 Addressing Silica Dust Exposure 27:18 Participation in World of Concrete 28:37 Contact Information and Conclusion *** Did you learn something from this episode? If so, please consider donating to the show to help us continue to provide high-quality content for the concrete industry. Donate here: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.concretelogicpodcast.com/support/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ***  Episode References Guest: Dave Mulcahey | GPRS | ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠dave.mulcahey@gprsinc.com Guest Website:⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.gprsinc.com, https://www.gp-radar.com/safety/concrete-safety-week   Producers: Jodi Tandett, Jace Stocker, Michael Butler Donate & Become a Producer: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.concretelogicpodcast.com/support/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Music: Mike Dunton | ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.mikeduntonmusic.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ | ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠mikeduntonmusic@gmail.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ | Instagram ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@Mike_Dunton⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠   Host: Seth Tandett, ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠seth@concretelogicpodcast.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Host LinkedIn: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.linkedin.com/in/seth-tandett/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.concretelogicpodcast.com/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ LinkedIn: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.linkedin.com/company/concrete-logic-podcast

On this episode of The Modern Facilities Management Podcast, Griffin interviews Matt Aston, the president of GPRS. Matt shares his story of growing GPRS from a one-person startup to nearly 800 employees across 50+ cities. Matt has 20+ years of experience in utility locating and concrete scanning, giving him an insider perspective on the industry, how it has developed, and how it will continue to innovate.TakeawaysGround penetrating radar (GPR) is a highly accurate technology used in facilities management to locate utilities and infrastructure.GPRS offers additional services like video pipe inspection and 3D laser scanning to provide a comprehensive solution for their clients.Proactive maintenance and regular inspections can help prevent unplanned downtime and costly repairs.The future of technology in facilities management includes the development of software programs like SiteMap, which provides quick visibility and access to accurate utility data.Chapters00:00Introduction and Background02:23The Use of Radar in Facilities Management04:17Comparison with Other Technologies07:40The Role of 811 and GPRS Services09:36Addition of Video Pipe Inspection Service13:06Proactive Maintenance and Inspection Frequency16:01The Impact of Unplanned Downtime18:54The Future of Technology in Facilities Management22:18Influential Figures in Matt Aston's Career24:44Conclusion and Contact Information

CCCT sat down with Matt Aston, Founder & CEO from Ground Penetrating Radar Systems LLC (GPRS), is the nation's largest company specializing in the detection of underground utilities, video pipe inspection, and the scanning of concrete structures. GPRS has an extensive nationwide network of highly trained and experienced Project Managers in every major U.S. market. When clients hire GPRS, they have the peace of mind of knowing that they have the most reliable scanning technology on their job site and they'll receive the assistance of a Project Manager who can provide them with the most accurate data. For over a decade, GPRS has been the industry leader by providing outstanding service and cutting edge technology, keeping projects on time, reducing safety risks, and putting our relationships with our clients before profit. Enjoy the conversation.https://www.gp-radar.com/#concretecutting  #underground #pipe #construction #detection #radar 

Mary Kym is a thought leader with a career spanning over two decades, marked by remarkable achievements in people management, Product Leadership, community leadership, autism advocacy, and human rights advancement. Renowned as a seasoned business coach, Mary is the driving force behind empowering women to reach and surpass multiple 6 figures in incomes. Her unwavering belief that there's no award for suffering has ignited transformative change for countless individuals. With academic foundations rooted in a Bachelor's degree in Management Information Systems (MIS) and a Master's Degree in Management and Leadership, Mary's expertise is further bolstered by a wealth of certifications in IT, management, leadership, and business coaching. Her magnetic charisma as a catalyst, motivator, and coach sets her apart, effortlessly guiding and encouraging women to unlock their boundless potential, all on their own terms. Residing in the heart of Tampa, Mary finds immense joy in her family, traversing the globe, exploring sun-kissed beaches, and savoring the rich tapestry of culinary experiences. Her professional odyssey serves as a resounding testament to resilience, empowerment, and relentless advocacy, inspiring all fortunate enough to cross her path to reach for the highest peaks of achievement. Contact: https://www.facebook.com/Mary.kimari Summary Entrepreneurship, business growth, and customer experience. 0:00 Mary Kay shares lessons learned from starting a fashion business after leaving a successful career in GPRS systems. She emphasizes the importance of providing excellent customer experience, treating all customers with respect and dignity, regardless of the price point of their purchases. Entrepreneurship, business lessons, and new launch. 5:15 New launch: Mary Kym coaching boutique for minority women in business. Starting and scaling a business for women entrepreneurs. 10:01 Mary Kym coaches women on how to start, launch, and scale their businesses, using her own experiences and skills to help them succeed. She provides personalized coaching to women from diverse backgrounds, including those from the African diaspora, helping them overcome challenges and achieve their business goals. Business coaching and mindset with a coach. 16:15 Coach Kym emphasizes the importance of creating a non-judgmental environment for clients to share their ideas and work towards their goals. Coach distinguishes between their role as a coach and that of a therapist, highlighting the need for a supportive environment for clients to explore their ideas without fear of judgment. Starting a business and coaching women. 24:05 Mary Kym aims to create a satellite business in Florida, with the goal of providing coaching services to as many people as possible, including women and men, in Kenya and beyond. She plans to hire coaches and train them to duplicate themselves, allowing the business to scale and reach a wider audience. Entrepreneurship, business growth, and personal development. 28:58 Mary Kim shares her success as a woman in business in diaspora, launching in November under her handle Mary Kay. #podcasts #sambaza #sambazapodcast #africanpodcasters #kenya #podcasting #africa #africanculture #podcast #podcastshow #podcastingfun #podcastlove #podcastcommunity #newpodcastepisode #podcasthost #PodcastHQ #podcastlife #podcastinterview #podcaster #podcastshow #PodcastRecommendations #podcasthost #podcastmovement #podcastnetwork #podcastaddict #podcastepisode #podcastjunkie #podcasttips #Podcastoftheyear #podbean #Podcasts

In this episode, we speak with Matt Aston, President and CEO of GPRS, who has built his company from an idea to over $160 million in annual revenue. GPRS or Ground Penetrating Radar Systems is the nation's largest company specializing in the detection of underground utilities, video pipe inspection, and the scanning of concrete structures. Matt founded GPRS in 2001 and the company has grown to be a great success in its market. Its 99.8%+ accuracy rating on over 250,000 projects leads the industry.  The company has worked on some of the largest and most significant construction projects in the country. GPRS is backed by CIVC Partners. Matt supports LifeWise Academy. To learn more about this organization click here. I am your host RJ Lumba.  We hope you enjoy the show.  If you like the episode, click to subscribe.

Episode #9 wikipedia: MS-DOS is an operating system for x86-based personal computers mostly developed by Microsoft. freedos: FreeDOS is a complete, free, DOS-compatible operating system. While we provide some utilities, you should be able to run any program intended for MS-DOS. wikipedia: Linux (/ˈliːnʊks/ (listen) LEE-nuuks or /ˈlɪnʊks/ LIN-uuks) is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. wikipedia: Token Ring is a computer networking technology used to build local area networks. It was introduced by IBM in 1984, and standardized in 1989 as IEEE 802.5. wikipedia: The BNC connector (initialism of "Bayonet Neill–Concelman") is a miniature quick connect/disconnect radio frequency connector used for coaxial cable. wikipedia: GPRS core network. wikipedia: Novell, Inc. /noʊˈvɛl/ was an American software and services company headquartered in Provo, Utah, that existed from 1980 until 2014. wikipedia: BITNET. wikipedia: DECnet. wikipedia: 3Com. realtek: realtek. tp: TP-Link Vastly Expands Smart Home Lineup With Tapo Full Home Security Solutions, Tapo Robot Vacuums and Various Matter Compatible Products. cisco: Cisco Systems, Inc., commonly known as Cisco, is an American-based multinational digital communications technology conglomerate corporation headquartered in San Jose, California. wikipedia: The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), nicknamed Big Blue, is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, with operations in over 175 countries. It specializes in computer hardware, middleware and software and provides hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology. duckduckgo: Bootleg stuff search. wikipedia: VM (often: VM/CMS) is a family of IBM virtual machine operating systems used on IBM mainframes System/370, System/390, zSeries, System z and compatible systems, including the Hercules emulator for personal computers. wikipedia: Disk partitioning or disk slicing is the creation of one or more regions on secondary storage, so that each region can be managed separately. wikipedia: The IBM System/360 is a family of mainframe computer systems that was announced by IBM on April 7, 1964, and delivered between 1965 and 1978. wikipedia: The IBM System/370 (S/370) is a model range of IBM mainframe computers announced on June 30, 1970, as the successors to the System/360 family. cisco: What Is Routing? wikipedia: The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for organizing the set of communication protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks according to functional criteria. wikipedia: The Open Systems Interconnection protocols are a family of information exchange standards developed jointly by the ISO and the ITU-T. The standardization process began in 1977. perl: Perl is a highly capable, feature-rich programming language with over 30 years of development. wikipedia: An FTP server is computer software consisting of one or more programs that can execute commands given by remote client(s) such as receiving, sending, deleting files, creating or removing directories, etc. wikipedia: The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is a research and development agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military. wikipedia: The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was the first wide-area packet-switched network with distributed control and one of the first networks to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite. wikipedia: A modulator-demodulator or modem is a computer hardware device that converts data from a digital format into a format suitable for an analog transmission medium such as telephone or radio. wikipedia: Telnet (short for "teletype network") is a client/server application protocol that provides access to virtual terminals of remote systems on local area networks or the Internet. wikipedia: Remote Function Call is a proprietary SAP interface. icannwiki: BBN (Bolt, Beranek and Newman Inc.), now Raytheon BBN Technologies, is one of the leading Research and Development companies in the United States, dedicated to providing high-technology products and services to consumers. wikipedia: A punched card (also punch card or punched-card) is a piece of stiff paper that holds digital data represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions. wikipedia: Punched tape or perforated paper tape is a form of data storage that consists of a long strip of paper in which holes are punched. wikipedia: A teleprinter (teletypewriter, teletype or TTY) is an electromechanical device that can be used to send and receive typed messages through various communications channels, in both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint configurations. wikipedia: Teletype Model 33. wikipedia: Teletype Model 37. wikipedia: Unix (/ˈjuːnɪks/; trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, whose development started in 1969 at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others. wikipedia: Wang Laboratories was a US computer company founded in 1951 by An Wang and G. Y. Chu. wikipedia: Library (computing). wikipedia: Magnetic-core memory was the predominant form of random-access computer memory for 20 years between about 1955 and 1975. BASIC BASIC (Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages designed for ease of use. The original version was created by John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz at Dartmouth College in 1963. wikipedia: Microsoft BASIC is the foundation software product of the Microsoft company and evolved into a line of BASIC interpreters and compiler(s) adapted for many different microcomputers. It first appeared in 1975 as Altair BASIC, which was the first version of BASIC published by Microsoft as well as the first high-level programming language available for the Altair 8800 microcomputer. wikipedia: A floppy disk or floppy diskette (casually referred to as a floppy, or a diskette) is an obsolescent type of disk storage composed of a thin and flexible disk of a magnetic storage medium in a square or nearly square plastic enclosure lined with a fabric that removes dust particles from the spinning disk. wikipedia: A tape drive is a data storage device that reads and writes data on a magnetic tape. wikipedia: In computer engineering, microarchitecture, also called computer organization and sometimes abbreviated as µarch or uarch, is the way a given instruction set architecture (ISA) is implemented in a particular processor. wikipedia: A microsleep is a sudden temporary episode of sleep or drowsiness which may last for a few seconds where an individual fails to respond to some arbitrary sensory input and becomes unconscious. clevo: We offer over 50 models from CLEVO. wikipedia: Clevo is a Taiwanese OEM/ODM computer manufacturer which produces laptop computers exclusively. wikipedia: Rapid transit or mass rapid transit (MRT), also known as heavy rail or metro, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas. wikipedia: Cracker Jack is an American brand of snack food that consists of molasses-flavored, caramel-coated popcorn, and peanuts, well known for being packaged with a prize of trivial value inside. gov: UK Driver's Licence. gov: Legal obligations of drivers and riders. sheilaswheels: We keep our Sheilas happy by supplying fabulous 5 Star Defaqto rated car and home insurance, and that's helped us to become one of the UK's leading direct insurers. nestle: Yorkie was launched in 1976 by Rowntree's of York hence the name. wikipedia: Joyriding refers to driving or riding in a stolen vehicle, most commonly a car, with no particular goal other than the pleasure or thrill of doing so or to impress other people. oggcamp: OggCamp is an unconference celebrating Free Culture, Free and Open Source Software, hardware hacking, digital rights, and all manner of collaborative cultural activities and is committed to creating a conference that is as inclusive as possible. ubuntu: Ubuntu is a Linux distribution based on Debian and composed mostly of free and open-source software. wikipedia: Ubuntu. wikipedia: Mark Shuttleworth. ubuntu: Ubuntu tablet press pack. stallman: Richard Stallman's Personal Site. elementary: The thoughtful, capable, and ethical replacement for Windows and macOS. slackware: The Slackware Linux Project. wikipedia: identi.ca was a free and open-source social networking and blogging service based on the pump.io software, using the Activity Streams protocol. wikipedia: GNU social (previously known as StatusNet and once known as Laconica) is a free and open source software microblogging server written in PHP that implements the OStatus standard for interoperation between installations. wikipedia: Friendica (formerly Friendika, originally Mistpark) is a free and open-source software distributed social network. lugcast: We are an open Podcast/LUG that meets every first and third Friday of every month using mumble. toastmasters Toastmasters International is a nonprofit educational organization that teaches public speaking and leadership skills through a worldwide network of clubs. wikipedia: Motorola, Inc. (/ˌmoʊtəˈroʊlə/) was an American multinational telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois, United States. volla: Volla Phone. ubports: We are building a secure & private operating system for your smartphone. sailfishos: The mobile OS with built-in privacy. calyxos: CalyxOS is an operating system for smartphones based on Android with mostly free and open-source software. wikipedia: WhatsApp. IRC IRC is short for Internet Relay Chat. It is a popular chat service still in use today. zoom: Unified communication and collaboration platform. jitsi: Jitsi Free & Open Source Video Conferencing Projects. joinmastodon: Mastodon is free and open-source software for running self-hosted social networking services. wikipedia: Karen Sandler is the executive director of the Software Freedom Conservancy, former executive director of the GNOME Foundation, an attorney, and former general counsel of the Software Freedom Law Center. fosdem: FOSDEM is a free event for software developers to meet, share ideas and collaborate. southeastlinuxfest: The SouthEast LinuxFest is a community event for anyone who wants to learn more about Linux and Open Source Software. olfconference: OLF (formerly known as Ohio LinuxFest) is a grassroots conference for the GNU/Linux/Open Source Software/Free Software community that started in 2003 as a large inter-LUG (Linux User Group) meeting and has grown steadily since. linuxfests: A home for educational programs focused on free and open source software & culture. wikipedia: Notacon (pronounced "not-a-con") was an art and technology conference which took place annually in Cleveland, Ohio from 2003 to 2014. penpalworld: a place where you can meet over 3,000,000 pen pals from every country on the planet. redhat: Red Hat Enterprise Linux. openssl: The OpenSSL Project develops and maintains the OpenSSL software - a robust, commercial-grade, full-featured toolkit for general-purpose cryptography and secure communication. STEM wikipedia: Obsessive–compulsive disorder. cdc: Autism. wikipedia: Asperger syndrome. askubuntu: Manual partitioning during installation. wikipedia: Colon cancer staging. cdc: Get Vaccinated Before You Travel. sqlite: SQLite is a C-language library that implements a small, fast, self-contained, high-reliability, full-featured, SQL database engine. wikipedia: Facial recognition system. wikipedia: Tribalism is the state of being organized by, or advocating for, tribes or tribal lifestyles. wikipedia: Southern hospitality. wikipedia: The Kroger Company, or simply Kroger, is an American retail company that operates (either directly or through its subsidiaries) supermarkets and multi-department stores throughout the United States. wikipedia: Prosopagnosia, more commonly known as face blindness, is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one's own face, is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing and intellectual functioning remain intact. wikipedia: T-Mobile is the brand name used by some of the mobile communications subsidiaries of the German telecommunications company Deutsche Telekom AG in the Czech Republic, Poland, the United States and by the former subsidiary in the Netherlands. stackexchange: Where did the phrase "batsh-t crazy" come from? wikipedia: A conspiracy theory is an explanation for an event or situation that asserts the existence of a conspiracy by powerful and sinister groups, often political in motivation, when other explanations are more probable. brigs: At Brigs, we want everyone to get exactly what they're craving! papajohns: Papa Johns. dominos: Domino's Pizza, Inc., trading as Domino's, is a Michigan-based multinational pizza restaurant chain founded in 1960 and led by CEO Russell Weiner. wikipedia: Loitering is the act of remaining in a particular public place for a prolonged amount of time without any apparent purpose. wikipedia: Psychiatric hospitals, also known as mental health hospitals, behavioral health hospitals, are hospitals or wards specializing in the treatment of severe mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, dissociative identity disorder, major depressive disorder and many others. wikipedia: Therapist is a person who offers any kinds of therapy. Thanks To: Mumble Server: Delwin HPR Site/VPS: Joshua Knapp - AnHonestHost.com Streams: Honkeymagoo EtherPad: HonkeyMagoo Shownotes by: Sgoti and hplovecraft

Manja heeft misschien wel wat te veel honden. Een van deze schatjes heeft de neiging weg te lopen. Deze keer raakt de hond verstrikt in een afgerasterd weiland.

Our 1st episode is all about golden tips and advice for entrepreneurs and startup founders. You will hear some great stories about Samuel Lopez's previous businesses, lessons learned, and how he was able to pivot his current startup on its way to success. The 2nd episode is about Plantae's journey, challenges, opportunities, and what's next for the startup and the agribusiness sector. Plantae is a Software & Hardware as a Service company that connects plants through IoT devices based on radio frequency and GPRS technology. Samuel Lopez is an Industrial Engineer specialized in Business Development and a passionate entrepreneur. He's currently the CEO of Plantae.

Our 1st episode is all about golden tips and advice for entrepreneurs and startup founders. You will hear some great stories about Samuel Lopez's previous businesses, lessons learned, and how he was able to pivot his current startup on its way to success. The 2nd episode is about Plantae's journey, challenges, opportunities, and what's next for the startup and the agribusiness sector. Plantae is a Software & Hardware as a Service company that connects plants through IoT devices based on radio frequency and GPRS technology. Samuel Lopez is an Industrial Engineer specialized in Business Development and a passionate entrepreneur. He's currently the CEO of Plantae.

GPRS, THE TRAVELLERS GUIDE

GPRS, THE TRAVELLERS GUIDE

Internet awal-awal merebak 2005, sinyal masih bapuk, hanya GPRS, tidak ada paket internet, biaya per data. Situs yang awal-awal dikunjungi, friendster, facebook, primbon, kaskus, sukatoro dan lain-lain --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/absolut-vodkes/message

GPRS, JAGORAN TAFIYA

GPRS, JAGORAN TAFIYA

Momen-momen pertama kali Smouthies mengenal internet, wow seperti memasuki dunia baru! Dari yang hanya unduh ringtone dengan mengandalkan sinyal GPRS, meninggalkan testimoni di friendster, check in di foursquare, menghias friendster sampai ada lagunya dan mencari-cari jawaban tugas sekolah di blog, hampir semuanya pernah dilakuin. Semenjak melek teknologi udah ga bisa lepas pagi sama yang namanya internet, apa apa internet pokoknya, kalo bisa pilih provider cakep biar tetep online. Tapi penggunaan tentunya bukan cuma buat maen Onet, makanya lengkapi aplikasi kalian dengan spotify dan cari Smouthies ❤ --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/smouthies-podcast/support

Are you a transcended being? If so .. you won't need to follow the GPRS, but also .. please don't follow the mysterious banjo sounds. In this week's bonus episode, your co-hosts talk about colorful socks and their role in showcasing personality (plus hiding gangrenous afflictions) and how they've recently discovered their podcasting shavasana. Tim surprises Caleb with a blast from the past .. the one and only, Jon .. wait, who? Caleb then presents some wild Fake Florida Man cases to be solved including fish stuffing, traffic stop puddles, and how an ex-boyfriend makes a messy heartbreak even messier. The Bourbon Street Boys relive their memories of House Church, the trip to NOLA, and the infamous donut run 2.0. Tim and Jon share their summer experience in Panama City and how a glass of sake led to the Stud Muffins receiving more than just a mohawk .. yikes. Mr Fernandez catches the Ramblers up with where he went after leaving uni their senior year, his time as a journalist in the military, and where he is now with work and a family of rabbits (and humans). Email: podcast.theramble@gmail.com Instagram: @_theramblepodcast Facebook: @theramblepodcast Artwork Design: @indra.valdez --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/the-ramble/support

This week's guests move almost no dirt. They don't do demolition. They don't deal in aggregates. And yet, folks in their line of work visit hundreds of job sites per year. Welcome Chris Moore (SVP of Internal Operations) and Preston Higgins (Project Manager) of GPRS (Ground Penetrating Radar Systems) to the podcast. Among other things, GPRS is a great example of your friendly neighborhood utility locator. And boy, did these guys pique Aaron's interest. If you've ever worked a job and had to communicate with someone coming out to do a locate, then you might know that this kind of work is often looked at as an annoyance... and yet, people still hit utility lines! This conversation was a great basic rundown of what that work looks like from their perspective, and if you're a fan of tech talk, then you'll really connect with these guys. This week on Dirt Talk, host Aaron Witt chats with Chris Moore and Preston Higgins about ground penetrating radar/utility locating, why they (and companies like GPRS) can sometimes get a bad rap, and why GPRS likes to focus on developing their team members into good people, first and foremost. Don't forget you can watch or listen to Dirt Talk on the BuildWitt app! You can learn more about it at buildwitt.com/buildwitt-app. If you have questions/comments/concerns, reach out to DirtTalk@buildwitt.com. Stay Dirty!

GPRS, JAGORAN TAFIYA

GPRS, JAGORAN TAFIYA

GPRS, JAGORAN TAFIYA

GPRS, JAGORAN TAFIYA

Wyobraźmy sobie, że epidemia dopada nas w roku 2001. W większości domowych komputerów z kineskopowymi monitorami 15" zainstalowany był sytem windows 98 se albo windows millenium. Dyski o pojemności 10 GB kręciły się wesoło, wentylatory głośno chłodziły procesory pentium III. Ceny przyzwoitych laptopów z monitorem lcd o rozdzielczości 800x600 zaczynały się od 6 000 zł a internet? No cóż, jeżeli kogoś było stać a jego dom nie był w zbyt dużej odległości od centrali, mógł zamówić neostradę z zawrotną prędkością przesyłu danych 1 MB/s. Jeśli instalacja neostrady nie była możliwa, to pozostawało wydzwaniane połączenie modemowe. 0-202122. Tego numeru nie zapomnę nigdy. Najlepszym telefonem na rynku była Nokia 8310. Miała wbudowany odtwarzacz mp3 i radio. Oferowała także połączenie internetowe GPRS o prędkości, uwaga, 43 kb/s. Telefon kosztował 2000 zł, czyli tyle co ówczesna średnia krajowa pensja brutto (dziś ta średnia to prawie 7 tys. zł). 20 lat temu nie używało się też pojęcia praca zdalna, co najwyżej telepraca albo praca chałupnicza. W 2001 roku gdzieś w gąszczu urzędniczych pomysłów na wyjście z kryzysu i olbrzymiego bezrobocia, pojawił się pomysł na pracę wykonywaną w domowym zaciszu. Ludzie z obszarów dotkniętych bezrobociem mieli pracować zdalnie dla dużych firm, z dużych miast i aglomeracji. Postanowiłem sprawdzić, co ludzie sądzą na temat takiej pracy. Wtedy temat nie był jakoś szczególnie interesujący a nagranie zapchało pewnie jakąś dziurę w programie. Dziś, po tym, co nas spotkało, słucha się tych nagrań zupełnie inaczej. Za wsparcie dziękuję Joli, Elżbiecie i Alfredowi. Zachęcam do wsparcia podcastu w serwisie patronite.pl. Można też na przykład postawić autorowi podcastu kawę w serwisie https://buycoffee.to/podcastprowincjonalny. PATRONITE: https://patronite.pl/podcastprowincjonalny Zdjęcie odcinka: Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe Strona: https://podcastprowincjonalny.pl/​ Podcast Prowincjonalny na facebook'u: https://www.facebook.com/podcastprowincjonalny Podcast Prowincjonalny na instagramie: https://www.instagram.com/podcast_prowincjonalny

“Mỗi con số là một dạng sóng rung liên quan mật thiết đến cuộc đời, trong thế giới hiện đại, để đi đúng đường, bạn nhờ vào hệ thống định vị GPRS. Để trả lời câu hỏi bạn là ai, sứ mệnh của bạn đến cuộc đời này là gì, bạn cần hiểu ý nghĩa con số ngày sinh của mình. Là một môn khoa học dựa vào nghiên cứu của nhà toán học, thần học và triết gia Pythagoras, đã đến lúc nhìn ra bản thân và thay đổi cuộc sống với Nhân số học”. Chúc các luôn hạnh phúc và nghiêm túc trên con đường khám phá bản thân, đưa ra những lựa chọn phù hợp với đam mê, tính cách, sở trường vì Ngày mai là quyết định của ngày hôm nay. -- Thực hiện: Tác giả: Hải Anh Biên Tập: Hồng Yến Diễn đọc: Thanh Huyền Sản xuất: Darius Ho - Hoàng Vy --- Bạn có câu hỏi gì mong muốn gửi tới GS Phan Văn Trường không? Nếu có, hãy điền vào link đăng ký này để chúng mình giúp bạn nhé! https://forms.gle/3c839dXiJ9tnEtrEA --- ツ Kết nối với Cấy Nền Radio: ► Youtube duy nhất: https://www.youtube.com/c/CayNenRadio ► Fanpage Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CayNenRadio/ ► Group Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/CayNenRadio/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/caynenradio/message

This week's EYE ON NPI is easy-peesy-lemon-squeezy, the simplest way to add LTE cellular data connectivity to your product or project with Blues Wireless Notecard Cellular Modem System-on-Module (https://www.digikey.com/en/product-highlight/b/blues-wireless/notecard-cellular-modem-som). These M2 cards come with 4 different cellular module types for global coverage on the LTE Cat 1 or Cat 1M (with backup CDMA and GPRS options). Each card slides into one of many different add-on boards that make connectivity to a Feather or Raspberry Pi foolproof. Blues Wireless' Notecard is a tiny 30 mm x 35 mm SoM device-to-cloud data pump. A Notecard purchase includes 500 MB of data that is usable over 10 years with the ability to top-up as needed. Connectivity is globally available in 136+ countries. The Notecard features an m.2 connector for embedding the user's board. As an embeddable SoM, the Notecard can be used with any microcontroller (MCU) for greenfield and retrofit projects using the user's design or one of Blues Wireless' custom-designed Notecarriers. With two lines of code, users can send data to the cloud in minutes without complex device registration or provisioning required. With a powerful JSON-based API, the Notecard can be programmed over USB or controlled from the preferred MCU or single-board computer (SBC) using one of Blues Wireless' open-source firmware libraries. Connect from the preferred host to the Notecard using Serial or I2C. The Notecard is designed to work with a cloud service for ingesting and processing device data. Notehub.io provides secure device connectivity, project, and fleet management, as well as simple routing to third-party cloud services. Alternatively, the user can host their device service based on Blues Wireless' open-source reference implementation. The Notecards use Quectel cellular modules, which are low cost and have been used for many years so they're very reliable. Depending on your location, you may not have LTE coverage yet (or LTE Cat M/M1) so do check your coverage maps and rollout plans - there's versions with GPRS (2G) and CDMA (3G) backup capabilities. The cellular plan itself is handled by Blues and is handled by AT&T, so no external SIM is required - although there is a insert spot for one if desired. Each module is bundled with a 10 year, 500MB cellular plan, which can be customized if needed. 500MB doesn't sound like a lot, but if you're using MQTT for sending data reports, where each packet is only a couple-hundred bytes max, it will last a long time. Check AT&T's coverage map to know which module you'll need to use for your area (https://www.att.com/maps/wireless-coverage.html) We particularly like the M.2 module design idea - it makes insertion very easy and doesn't allow for flipped boards or bent pins. Swapping out different modules can be done in a post-manufacturing step or as an add-on upgrade situation. It also means as cellular networks are upgraded and retired (which happens every 5~10 years!) the module can be changed over. If you need to source an M2 connector - Digi-Key has tons of those in stock too (https://www.digikey.com/short/zn1q8z), just make sure you get E-key type. These contacts are under a dollar a piece and come on tape-and-reel for easy pick and placing. The modules are designed for end-use cases. While prototyping you may want to use their handy "Notecarrier" breakout boards (https://www.digikey.com/en/product-highlight/b/blues-wireless/notecarrier). Each one can use any of the Notecards, so just mix and match as desired. There are ones for battery usage, Raspberry Pi HAT, and Feather breakout. (https://blues.io/products/notecarrier/) And best of all, all of the Blues Wireless Notecards and carriers are in stock right now at Digi-Key! (https://www.digikey.com/en/supplier-centers/blues-wireless) Pick up any combo you need to start prototyping your design immediately. You can get started with Blues' tutorials and code snippets (https://github.com/blues) - they promise you'll be sending data in under 30 minutes. Order today and you can be sending data over cellular by tomorrow morning. See on DigiKey.com at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kixNa2tLTLU

In today's podcast we cover four crucial cyber and technology topics, including:  1. Squirrel flaw puts game industry at risk  2. China-linked LightBasin reportedly targeted telecom munitions firms to steal data  3. Zerodium paying for Zero-Day exploits to popular VPN services   4. Man sentenced to 7 years in prison for 2014 hack of health care data  I'd love feedback, feel free to send your comments and feedback to  | cyberandtechwithmike@gmail.com

A team of cryptanalysits presents the first publicly available cryptanalytic attacks on the GEA-1 and GEA-2 algorithms. Instead of providing full 64-bit security, they show that the initial state of GEA-1 can be recovered from as little as 65 bits of known keystream (with at least 24 bits coming from one frame) in time 240 GEA-1 evaluations and using 44.5 GiB of memory. The attack on GEA-1 is based on an exceptional interaction of the deployed LFSRs and the key initialization, which is highly unlikely to occur by chance. This unusual pattern indicates that the weakness is intentionally hidden to limit the security level to 40 bit by design. Cryptanalysis of the GPRS Encryption Algorithms GEA-1 and GEA-2 (https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/819) Music composed by Toby Fox and performed by Sean Schafianski (https://seanschafianski.bandcamp.com/). Special Guests: Gaëtan Leurent and Håvard Raddum.

July 2021 – Focusing on DC consolidation In this podcast you will hear the key pension news from the last month summarised by Aon's Ricky Marsh. This month Ricky is joined by Aon's Gareth Marsh and Pranesh Gathiram to discuss DC consolidation, with a particular focus on the government's recent response to last year's consultation on delivering better value for money for DC schemes. Further information: Participate in Aon's 2021 UK DB Risk Survey [https://sg.aon.nl/s3/Gprs-2021-UK&EA=ramya.s4%40aon.com?elqTrackId=c0f78072d63d4b25b72a69c76b3b0f7c&elq=8b234667060c4ae6a9424acfdb8b1ce4&elqaid=3491&elqat=1&elqCampaignId=2351]

https://go.chainalysis.com/2021-Crypto-Crime-Report.htmlTod is not Satoshi. Nor is he HD Moore, nor is he Dustin Trammel. It's wild how many people Tod isn't.Cyberscoop's Tim Stark covers the Hydra dark net marketplace, mentioned by Kim.The Vice story on 2G-era crypto breakage and the research paper it covers.Detroit News on election audits in Cheboygan County, which Tod is… worried about. If you live in Michigan, tell us what you think.

Unos delicuentes hackean el gigante de los videosjuegos Electronic Arts por un módico precio de 10$. China despliega su tecnología de reconocimiento facial a través de miles de cámaras Huawei instaladas en Serbia y se posiciona un paso más cerca de Europa. La policía nacional española detiene a un hombre que accedía a camaras IP para obtener imágenes de menores desnudos y venderlas en la deep web. La plataforma de comunicaciones seguras ANØM gestionada de forma encubierta por el FBI era parte de la operación Trojan Shield a gran escala utilizada para espiar las conversaciones de criminales y poderlos arrestar. Las comunicaciones móviles tienen una seria debilidad en su cifrado desde los años 90, y además, fué puesta a propósito. Una fuga información de datos personales de usuarios de la cartera física de criptomonedas del fabricante Ledger conlleva una lluvia de ataques de ingeniería social para el robo de criptomonedas que incluye el envío de dispositivos falsos manipulados con malware. Notas y referencias en tierradehackers.com Twitch: twitch.tv/tierradehackers

Aerogeneradores y montañas / Cohetes para sacar hielo lunar / Familiares fallecidos en Google Maps / El ADSL retrocede 18 años / eSIM crece lentamente / Microsoft hará dos eventos el día 24 Patrocinador: El purificador de aire Dyson Purifier es tu mejor aliado https://www.dyson.es/es para este verano. Es un potente ventilador que proyecta aire purificado y fresco por toda la estancia para que puedas respirar un aire más limpio. Un ventilador silencioso https://www.dyson.es/es para poder dormir en las noches más calurosas de verano. Aerogeneradores y montañas / Cohetes para sacar hielo lunar / Familiares fallecidos en Google Maps / El ADSL retrocede 18 años / eSIM crece lentamente / Más Rust en Linux / Microsoft hará dos eventos el día 24  Construir aerogeneradores detrás de colinas es más efectivo. Un hallazgo inusual por parte de científicos holandeses, que detallan en un nuevo modelo matemático https://newatlas.com/energy/study-wind-turbines-behind-hills/ cómo calcular zonas específicas detrás de colinas o montañas donde la potencia generada puede ser hasta un 24% más alta que en campo abierto.  Queda mucho trabajo de campo por explorar en entornos reales para replicar estos modelos.  Un ingenioso rover para extraer agua de forma masiva en la Luna. Los ingenieros de Masten han presentado cómo funcionaría su sistema de minado con motores de cohete https://masten.aero/blog/masten-designs-rocket-mining-system/: un vehículo de ocho ruedas recorrería superficie lunar haciendo craters apuntando la "llama" hacia abajo, aspirando los restos y convirtiéndolos en agua líquida (vídeo https://youtu.be/1GV755adv08?t=147).  Estiman poder generar 100 kg de agua de cada agujero, a un ritmo de doce agujeros diarios.  Recordar a familiares fallecidos gracias a Google Maps es algo ya popular desde hace unos años, aunque necesita de mucha casualidad, a través del cual podemos ver a nuestros seres queridos congelados en el tiempo https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-57511055 mientras andaban por la calle o por sus jardines. — ¿Hay alguna web que los recopile?  El ADSL se va apagando en España: solo quedan 1,5 millones de líneas. En el nuevo informe de la CNMC se ve la paulatina caída de estas conexiones de Internet https://www.silicon.es/ya-solo-quedan-15-millones-de-lineas-adsl-en-espana-2440284. Aproximadamente se dan de baja casi un millón al año, así que no tardarán en quedarse reducidas al mínimo. — Un rápido googleado me llevó a 2003: cuando la misma cifra de 1,5 millones de ADSL se celebraba como un hito https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2003/11/04/actualidad/1067938080_850215.html.  El cifrado de las transmisiones GPRS era mucho, mucho menos seguro de lo pensado. Un estudio a fondo de GEA-1, el generador de claves de cifrado de los 90 para redes GPRS (la versión lenta del 2G) tenía realmente 2^40 estados en vez de 2^64, https://www.adslzone.net/noticias/redes/gea-1-vulnerabilidad-gprs-redes-moviles/, así que era increíblemente más fácil https://www.google.com/search?q=2%5E64+%2F+2%5E40&oq=2%5E64+%2F+2%5E40&aqs=chrome..69i57j6.3532j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 de averiguar o interceptar. Su creación, aprobación y puesta en marcha queda en entredicho 30 años después.  Las eSIM van creciendo, pero todavía son minoriatarias. Apenas un 20% de los smartphones vendidos recientemente tienen capacidad para las tarjetas virtuales https://www.counterpointresearch.com/global-esim-management-platform/, y en relojes inteligentes la cifra cae al 14%. — No parece haber mucha presión por parte de la industria por adoptar rápido el formato.  Avances en la detección de deepfakes en vídeo permiten distinguir mejor si un archivo está modificado con esta tecnología en imagen o audio, pero también consigue identificar patrones que lleven a los vídeos https://www.europapress.es/portaltic/sector/noticia-ingenieria-inversa-detectar-rastrear-origen-deepfake-20210617120439.html que sirvieron como ingredientes. Útil para revelar si hay campañas coordinadas de desinformación.  Google financiará la implantación de Rust en el Kernel de Linux. Miguel Ojeda, el veterano programador que lidera la entrada de Rust como segundo lenguaje en el núcleo interno de Linux, trabajará a tiempo completo en esta misión https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Google-Wants-Rust-In-Kernel gracias a una "beca" de Google. Se acelera la cosa.  Habrá otro evento de Microsoft el 24 de junio. Tras la presentación de la nueva versión del sistema operativo de escritorio, comenzará una segunda para desarrolladores https://microsofters.com/178412/habra-un-evento-para-desarrolladores-tras-la-presentacion-de-windows-11/ en la que Microsoft se centrará en la distribución de programas y aplicaciones. ¿Qué tramarán?

Text us at 215-543-6454 or email us at salsa@dentalnachos.com!

In this episode of The IoT Unicorn Podcast, Rob Tiffany, VP and Head of IoT Strategy at Ericsson explores the development of 5G and LPWA technology for IoT solutions, what it looks like for Telco's to be successful in the IoT space, and how the Internet is playing the hero during the uncertainty of the Covid-19 pandemic. Download the Transcript Here   00:00 Pete Bernard: Great, so Rob, thanks for joining us today on the Unicorn, and really appreciate you taking the time. I was going to start by asking you a couple things about what your role is currently at Ericsson, kinda how you got there. I know that you and I did work together at Microsoft years ago back in the Windows Mobile days.   00:24 Rob Tiffany: Woo hoo.   00:25 PB: Good times, good times.   00:25 RT: Those were good times. Yep, absolutely. [chuckle]   00:28 PB: Yes. I thin, I think you were... Let's see, when did you stop working for Windows Mobile, like 2008 or something? Or is that...   00:38 RT: Yeah. And certainly by 2010 or around that timeframe I took an architect role in another group and probably started spending more time on Azure. I was at Microsoft for 12 years and so the first half was Mobile, Windows Mobile, CEE, Windows Phone. Second half was Azure, Azure IoT. And you know what? We had some good times in the Windows Mobile days when it was just us and BlackBerry slugging it out. We were making... When things like Exchange ActiveSync was a big deal to people.   01:21 PB: That's right, that was a big deal.   01:24 RT: Yeah, yeah, absolutely. And then no doubt, when we rebooted and did Windows Phone 7 and 7.5 and all that, I used to do so many EBCs for mobility and you noticed a difference and you had to get really thick skin. [chuckle]   01:42 PB: Yes, yes, yes, I know. Well, I peeled off after six... I think, so I went on to Zune incubation, I did Kin and I did all kinds of weird phone things and went off into the wilderness for a while on that while everyone else finished up with Windows Phone, but...   02:00 RT: Oh my gosh.   02:01 PB: And I also noticed on your LinkedIn profile. So you went to SUNY Albany. Are you from that area originally or...   02:07 RT: You know what? I finished college on board a submarine, so when I was in the Navy driving subs I had what, maybe 30 or so hours to go to graduate, and so I've actually never set foot on the SUNY Albany campus...   02:26 PB: Oh, wild.   02:27 RT: But the military has programs with lots of different universities around the country and to show how old I really am, I was able to take college courses underway on the submarine using Pioneer LaserDiscs.   02:42 PB: Wow.   02:43 RT: For college instruction, if anybody remembers what that was. [laughter]   02:47 PB: Yeah, that is old school, that's old school.   02:50 RT: That is fully old school.   02:52 PB: I actually just dropped my daughter off at Bard, which is a little south of Albany, so I was just there like a week ago, so that's why I asked.   02:58 RT: Oh, okay.   02:58 PB: I saw that on your profile and I was like, "Oh, yeah." It's a cool area, the Adirondacks, the whole upstate New York thing is cool.   03:04 RT: I know. Absolutely. Yeah, I just dropped my daughter off at Arizona State last week.   03:09 PB: Yeah.   03:10 RT: It was a little warm down there.   03:11 PB: Yeah, I could imagine, I could imagine.   03:14 RT: To say the least. But you know what? I think everything started back then with submarines and teaching myself how to code and do databases, and when you think about IoT, you're just remoting information that you had on these local sensors and we were surrounded by sensors on the submarine. There's the obvious things like sonar and things like that and this higher frequency one to see what your depth is below the keel, but inside you had CO2 radiation, all kinds of gas sensors and things like that to make sure we were still alive, which was kind of a thing. [chuckle]   04:02 PB: Yeah, it's kind of important.   04:04 RT: Yeah, yeah, absolutely.   04:06 PB: That's interesting. So you did the Microsoft thing and so you joined Ericsson a couple years ago, I think?   04:13 RT: Yeah, yeah, yeah. I did the Microsoft thing. I was recruited out of the Azure back when we were doing incubating Azure IT. There was that time... And actually Microsoft IoT stuff started in the embedded team with Intelligence System Service, but then I went to Hitachi actually to build an industrial IoT platform called Lumada, which was really interesting. But yes, I joined Ericsson a couple years ago. Up until recently, I split my time between Seattle and Stockholm. Normally I'd be in Kista, the Ericsson headquarters with the rest of my team. So yes, certainly disconnected these days.   05:00 PB: Yeah, interesting.   05:00 RT: And what Ericsson is doing in IoT is very different than my background both at Microsoft and Hitachi for sure, which was more data-focused, outcomes, analytics. Ericsson manages among... We have an IoT team. We have three products. Our big one is this IoT Accelerator, which is basically a global connection management platform. If you know what Jasper is, it's kinda like that in some ways. It spans about 35 or so mobile operators around the world and lots of enterprises. But the key thing, you know how we're always talking about that initial bootstrapping of devices to get them connected, right?   05:46 PB: Yep.   05:47 RT: In the event that you're using cellular for IoT, one of your options would be this IoT Accelerator thing we have at Ericsson, and so the narrative would be if a machine is being manufactured in Shenzhen and at manufacturer time, they're putting in the microcontroller and the software and the security keys and all that stuff, and there's also a cellular module, and if they're using our technology then when a customer buys that product and they turn it on the first time somewhere else in the world, maybe France, then it wakes up and connects to a local mobile operator to start sync telemetry.   06:24 PB: I see, so it's like a bootstrap profile kind of thing that phones home and then you guys connect it up to the right telco network.   06:35 RT: Yeah, and then it roams as well. But it's different than anybody who, if you... At least when IoT was getting hyped I was doing IoT-M to M in the '90s, but when it really started getting hyped after 2010, 2012, whatever, you started seeing these global SIMs and things like that that are just roaming all the time.   06:58 PB: Yes.   07:00 RT: But what the average person doesn't realize is mobile operators don't always want you roaming and just camped out on their network if you're from somewhere else.   07:08 PB: Yeah, yeah.   [laughter]   07:10 RT: And so our technology, aside from the technology and we're operating our own network, so even though Ericsson creates the technologies that mobile operators use, we actually manage our own network that spans the globe, that interfaces with all these other mobile operators, and then there's lots of contracts and everything. But the take away to make sure that it's all okay with them, that these devices... And we are also in the connected car space and we've been doing that for a long time. And so you can imagine a car manufactured in Japan and sold in Europe.   07:46 PB: Sure.   07:47 RT: And the whole infotainment, and then as we move forward, more and more IOT telemetry coming off, those cards may wanna roam from country to country, so we do a lot of stuff with those guys too.   08:00 PB: I noticed that recently I got an email this morning from account team in Finland talking about a telco, there seems to be this confluence of telco and IoT. And I've seen, and I think you might have had some commentary on that too or pointed some articles about 5G plus AI plus IoT, or there's something about... We're seeing some telcos have really... Forward leaning telcos, really investing and thinking about IoT as the next big wave for them. Ericsson is part of that story too. Is there some unnatural attraction between IoT and telco or what's going on there? Are you seeing the same thing?   08:40 RT: Yeah, I am. But of course, if you'll remember, we saw this before. When the IoT craze started taking off, you might remember a lot of the telcos built their own IoT platforms and waited for people to come...   08:54 PB: That's right.   08:54 RT: And people didn't always show up, and so it seems like most of the mobile operators actually took a stab at it back then. Of course, if we go back further in time, most mobile operators thought that it was their right to be the cloud as well and they gave a shot at that, but it didn't work out either. But you're right, there's a renewed effort. I think a lot of it's just numbers and money. We've saturated smartphones and people, and so we need... Lots of mobile operators for better or worse, think of the world in SIMs. [chuckle] Connected SIM endpoints, that's how they see the world. And so it's like, "Okay, we've maxed out all the SIMs on people. [laughter] Where are we gonna get some more SIMs?" And so they're thinking, "Oh, it's IoT." And so that's where a lot of it's coming. We've certainly seen some of them turning on, some of them like NB-IoT and CAT-M1, LTE-M networks to try to take a stab at that. And so that's kind of cruising along.   10:09 PB: I noticed that... And I love to buy all the gadgets and stuff and I'm also very invested in the whole LPWA space, I'm a big believer in that. And I'm curious and I see some things happening there, but it just seems like such a no-brainer for some of these WiFi connected things. Like I just installed a garage door opener in my house, I have a separate garage and it's WiFi connected for some reason, but I have to stand on a step ladder and scan a QR code and hold it next to it. I'm like, "Why doesn't it just turn on and connect through a little power cellular?" Just such a no-brainer, but it hasn't quite yet turned on.   10:49 RT: Yeah. No, you're right. Are you connected much with the SemTech guys doing LoRa?   10:56 PB: SemTech, not that much. No, no.   10:58 RT: Okay, okay. It's funny, so much of this is the people you work with over the years. When I went to Hitachi to build this industrial thing, I had a couple of compadres from Microsoft come along as well, but needless to say a couple of those guys are actually working for SemTech now and pushing hard on the whole LoRaWan thing.   11:23 PB: I see.   11:24 RT: And it looks like they're getting traction actually.   11:27 PB: Is LoRaWan, is that unlicensed or is that licensed? I think that's unlicensed.   11:31 RT: It's unlicensed, yeah.   11:32 PB: There's always those two camps, there's the licensed, which you got all your telcos with their spectrum and their 3GPP stuff, and then the unlicensed, which is probably a lot faster on the innovation side, but...   11:45 RT: Yes, they can get to market faster. You may remember, gosh, how many years ago was it when we were at Mobile World Congress and Sigfox launched out of nowhere. And they raised a bunch of money and they... But they weren't gonna do what the LoRaWan and guys did, they tried to be their own mobile operator as well. And so yeah, it's been interesting watching that. And you're right, they can get to market faster. They were using Sub-1 GHz and some rules, EU rules about how often you could send a signal and how big it could be, and they're like, "Hey, I think we can thread the needle here."   12:21 PB: Yes.   [laughter]   12:23 PB: Yeah, no, I'm looking forward to the LPWA stuff becoming more mainstream and just more turn key, if you will 'cause it just seems like it's such a low hanging fruit. There's the obvious metering and telemetry and that's parking meters and gas meters but even a lot of this current WiFi connected gear that people buy, it's just painful to get it all... I just installed a juice box level two charger for my house.   12:55 RT: Okay.   12:56 PB: And again, I had to download the app and the app... I had to connect the juice box to my phone and my phone to my WiFi and the blah, blah, blah. And I'm like, "What is happening?" It's just...   13:06 RT: Absolutely. You know what? It's so important, or at least from my perspective, to put yourself in the shoes of a developer and what they have to go through to get something connected, and I always think of the hassle factor. If I talk to people in the telco world and say, "Why is it cellular IoT is so far behind WiFi or other ways to connect?" And a big reason is actually what you just described. It's just such a hassle and it's expensive. A developer's like, "Oh, I gotta get some kind of SIM-based module thing and I gotta... Do I need to call a mobile operator and get a plan?" And you know what? The mobile operators, they still need to work on getting their prices down lower or at an appropriate amount for a IoT endpoint, because in many cases the prices are still too high.   14:01 PB: Yeah. Well, like my garage door opener, how much data is that sending? It's like either the garage door is open or closed. It's like one bit, plus 500K of overhead. A one or a zero, open or closed.   14:15 RT: Exactly. One or a zero, yeah. And so I think for telcos to be successful, while they would probably love to charge smartphone prices for plans for things, the reality is is no one's gonna use it unless they can still have an ROI. If I'm doing agriculture and I'm trying to put a weather station in a orchard and my plan with a mobile operators costing me $30 a month, I'm never gonna make any money on that deal. It's not worth doing.   14:48 PB: Yeah, I think you're right, there's the simplicity factor, the economics obviously drive the big deployments. But yeah, hopefully we'll start to see that take hold a little bit. I wanted to actually ask you a question about... I saw a post of yours the other day talking about 5G, and I'm sure you and I both get emails and questions about 5G on a daily basis or hourly basis, but you said that it's not just another G, which I thought was a good way of describing the other aspects of 5G. When people think of 5G, I just got this Samsung Ultra, Note Ultra 20 thing beautiful... It's a beautiful thing.   15:26 RT: How do you like it?   15:27 PB: Oh, it's fantastic. It's just like, it's hard to describe how awesome it is, but... And it's got 5G in it, and so fantastic, classic use case. And I work with Qualcomm all the time and Cristiano Amon and all these folks and they're all like, "5G all the way." But it's almost like the rest of 5G doesn't quite get the airtime about the high density and low latency. How do you see that impacting the IoT space?   15:56 RT: Yeah. Well, if the IoT space had actually been successful, 'cause we've massively underperformed across the board, it doesn't matter what company you are or what technology you built, everyone's massively underperformed, and so... But let's just assume for a second that we've been successful and we weren't in the trough of disillusionment right now, we would've found that we would've hit bottlenecks with lots of concurrently connected devices, if we were using cellular just over normal 4G networks and things like that. But we didn't hit those bottlenecks because IoT deployments haven't been that big yet. And so, the great thing about 5G is just with that same hardware, that same gear, all of the sudden you're getting more capacity. And you're right, that's what I wrote about, no one ever talks about the capacity angle. They talk about speed and they talk about the really low latency, and all that's super important, but for IoT capacity is gonna be the most important. And so the fact that it's a hundred times more capacity for the same cell tower, the same gear, is miraculous. And then that supporting a million devices per square kilometer is... That's how we're actually gonna have connected cars working well, smart cities, all those urban, a lot of those things that require a lot of density and a lot of devices all talking together over cellular networks, that's gonna make that real and make it happen.   17:29 PB: Yeah, I hear you. And yeah, you're right, we haven't really hit the bottlenecks yet so we're not quite appreciative of it, but when you think through how many billions of devices will be connected over the next few years, you just have to go there and you have to have that infrastructure. And then the ultra-low latency stuff, I think is fascinating. From the Microsoft side, we do a lot of commercial stuff, manufacturing, healthcare, a lot of things like that, and the ultra-low latency and some of those aspects of 5G are pretty fascinating, I think, and start to get more industry 4.0 type of scenarios.   18:06 RT: Yes, absolutely.   18:09 PB: I was curious what you think about... My next question around 5G and Release 16 for 3GPP. Do we need 3GPP Release 16 to really make this 5G thing work for IoT or do we need 17? Do you have any opinion on that or is that too esoteric of a question?   18:31 RT: It's a little esoteric, and the only reason I say that is I remember talking to folks in the past who would say ridiculous things to me like, "Oh, now that we're gonna get 5G, we can finally do IoT." And I'm like, "What are you talking about? We've done IoT forever and we've done it a million different ways, and we certainly did it over GPRS and it was fine [chuckle] and so I don't need 5G to do IoT." Is it gonna make it better and is it gonna help us with this capacity? Absolutely. And you're right, these subsequent releases, getting that ultra reliable, that low latency for mission critical stuff... 'Cause as you can imagine, you're talking about Microsoft being in the industrial world, Ericsson makes private LTE and private 5G technologies. And so that's complementary to what you're doing at Microsoft, 'cause we are certainly getting pinged on a lot by a lot of giant manufacturers around the world who, as they're heading into industry 4.0, they look at some of those use cases that require mass customization, flexibility around the factory...   19:47 PB: Sure.   19:48 RT: The notion of a fixed assembly line that doesn't change is gonna go away.   19:53 PB: Right, right, that's a novelty... That's Henry Ford style stuff. Yeah, that doesn't work.   19:55 RT: Yeah, and so therefore, they won't be able to use Ethernet anymore because it's gonna move around so they need wireless, they haven't had a lot of success with WiFi and so lots of people are piloting private 5G, private LTE inside factories, distribution centers, and so that's really interesting space there.   20:19 PB: Yeah. We've seen that as well, and we also see interest from transportation hubs.   20:24 RT: Yeah.   20:27 PB: Shipping ports, airports, places that have just a lot of acreage.   20:33 RT: Absolutely.   20:34 PB: So you're talking about oil refineries, places where there's 100 acres of space and they need a homogeneous, high speed network. You're not gonna stick WiFi repeaters out on poles down the runway.   20:49 RT: Right.   20:49 PB: So yeah, so I think that's another big area. We talked about the LPWA side is cool with the parking meters and garage door openers. And then the other side, you talked about there is gonna be this big wave of transformation going on with some of these big industrial players, I think using 5G or some kind of cell technology, private cell there.   21:12 RT: Yeah. And it's amazing 'cause I've seen it in action and the coverage is insane, the distance, the speed within a large building, instead of having zillions of WiFi access points trying to create coverage, you just have a few of these radio dots that we make and it just roams and it just works seamlessly all over. That's gonna be fun to watch.   21:37 PB: That'll be fun to watch, yes. Hey, I was gonna ask you kinda change gears a little bit, so we're recording this on August 25th so we've been in this pandemic mode for quite a while. What kind of insights have you gained from this pandemic?   21:56 RT: Yes. You know what? I think I put it together 'cause I have thought about it, I've kind of taken down notes, what's worked, what's not worked. And so I would say, succinctly, digital experiences delivered over connectivity is making remote things local and so whether it's you and I chatting here, the rest of the world on Zoom like you're seeing, it's kept people together. My wife is a school teacher and so she had to start teaching remotely and her school district uses Teams 'cause I'm right by Redmond, of course. [chuckle] So an Office 365 school district.   22:49 PB: Right.   22:50 RT: Yeah, as opposed to a Google classroom school district.   22:53 PB: Sure, sure.   22:54 RT: You've seen it in the stock price with certain tech companies, it's like, "Wow, we're really using this." But it certainly plays back to IoT and the taking an experience where I would normally be local in person and making it remote and I know it sounds really simple to say that but the hero in all of this is the internet.   23:20 PB: Right.   23:21 RT: It's held together.   23:22 PB: Yes.   23:23 RT: It keeps reaffirming that it's maybe one of the greatest creations ever and it's holding together for the whole planet, which is just miraculous.   23:33 PB: Yeah. The idea of remote everything, it sounds simple, but it's so complicated and...   23:39 RT: Yeah.   23:40 PB: We talk about latency and bandwidth and other things, and just... I think it's been a lifeline for so many people, to be honest with you.   23:49 RT: It has.   23:51 PB: Just with just the video conferencing, Satya talks about the acceleration, like two years worth of acceleration in two months, basically, just 'cause people have to start collaborating with these tools like Teams and Zoom and everything else, and so we've all fast forwarded a couple of years in our adoption of some of these technologies...   24:14 RT: Absolutely.   24:14 PB: And it'll be interesting to see what sticks. As we get out of this pandemic at some point, which of these habits will stick, that we'll get more used to, and then obviously... I think maybe also for me, I also now probably have more appreciation of the in person experiences than I probably did. And I did travel recently with my daughter to get her to school and I actually enjoy traveling, I enjoy being on an airplane, and these days it's a pretty high anxiety kind of thing with lots of face shields and wipes and things, but getting back to that mode, that's something that I'll probably, for the rest of my life really appreciate being able to just freely travel.   24:58 RT: Yes, absolutely.   25:00 PB: 'Cause of this situation we're in. So it will be interesting to see. I agree with you though, I think the internet has held together and that has been the hero amongst many heroes, but...   25:10 RT: Yeah. This internet infrastructure, fiber electricity beneath the cities and the country, and then little things popping up, either cell towers or WiFi access points, that let us roam around mobility and keeping us together. Obviously, we see a lot of stuff, there's been trends and things that we've had before that's just super accelerated, like you said, like tele-medicine, remote healthcare...   25:36 PB: Yeah.   25:36 RT: Just skyrocketed.   25:39 PB: Yeah. Well, I know that there...   25:40 RT: Out of necessity.   25:41 PB: Yeah, there was... I know there was a lot of rules in place for practitioners not being able to work across state lines and a lot of those rules were suspended during the pandemic to enable people to do tele-medicine, which I thought was fantastic, they were pretty... From a layman's perspective, they seemed anachronistic that you couldn't Zoom conference with a patient in another state and actually provide support or guidance.   26:09 RT: Yeah.   26:11 PB: And so yeah, things like that, where we just moved the whole ball forward, which is a good thing.   26:17 RT: Absolutely, absolutely. No, it's all good.   26:20 PB: Good stuff.   26:21 RT: I think you learned a lot. And I do miss traveling too. I complained about it when I'm flying every few weeks to Sweden or wherever...   26:30 PB: Sure, sure.   26:31 RT: But then that abrupt end of it and just the silence and being at home... You know it's weird, when you travel a lot and you're accustomed to all these international airports and maybe the place you go to get coffee or... This broad world, for a handful of us, it's like our comfort zone and then it just ended, and I miss it. No doubt about it.   26:54 PB: Cool, so, well, Rob, thanks a lot for the time, appreciate it. And good to see you again and...   27:01 RT: Absolutely.   27:02 PB: I see you pop up on LinkedIn on almost like a daily basis, so we'll keep communicating through LinkedIn and stuff.   27:10 RT: We're teachers.   27:11 PB: Yes, exactly, exactly.   27:14 RT: Spreading the word, absolutely.   27:16 PB: Exactly. Sounds good. Alright, Rob, well, take care stay safe.   27:19 RT: You do the same, it's great talking to you.   27:21 PB: Okay, thanks.   27:22 RT: Alright, bye bye.

MySecurity Media's Singapore Correspondent Jane Lo speaks with Leslie Shannon, Head of Ecosystem and Trend Scouting, Nokia, based in San Francisco, USA. Leslie heads up Ecosystem and Trend Scouting, Corporate Strategy. Based in Silicon Valley, she investigates new technologies, including AR/VR, AI, self-driving cars, Blockchain, and all manners of other advances, looking for the examples that will offer significant new opportunities to entities in the telco sector. Leslie entered the mobile communications world as a billing database analyst in the early 1990s. She joined Nokia Australia in 2000 and became the manager of the FutureLab, an early developer incubator in the days of WAP, GPRS and 3G. Building on her first-hand technical and business experience of the reality of bringing applications to market, she developed an analysis service for Nokia that examined success and failure factors for operators bringing mobile data to market for 4G that proved so successful that Nokia created a new department around her work. While in this role, she was based in Finland and worked with over 100 operators in more than 60 countries. Always on the lookout for all the ways that new thinking and tech are going to disrupt and enhance our world, she travels and speaks globally, both in researching new tech and in sharing her findings with Nokia telco customers. Born in Manhattan, Leslie has a BA in Psychology from the University of Virginia and a Master’s Degree in the History of Art from Yale University. She was an undefeated five-time champion in the American television game show “Jeopardy!” in 1992 and was invited to return to the show to compete in a tournament for one million dollars as one of the show’s “most memorable contestants” in 2002 and again in 2014. (She didn’t win, but still had a lot of fun.) She also got four questions away from willing a million dollars on “Who Wants to be a Millionaire?” in August 2017. Leslie lives in Santa Clara, California, with her husband and their two mobile-data enthusiast children. Podcast recorded on 19th August 2020.

Bitcoin is in the $11,500 range as I write this on August 12, 2020. This is not quite its high, but the value has increased from $9000 recently. I bring this up because when people think of blockchain, they think of bitcoin. Blockchain technology is so much more and is changing the way logistics will operate. Here are some examples of how blockchain is changing logistics. TransparencyThe purpose of using blockchain is so that everyone across the supply chain has transparency to what has occurred as products move through the chain. Consumers are more interested in the origins of the food they consume. There are several https://beefchain.com/ (Beefchain) is a blockchain technology that can track where a calf was raised, who fed it, what it was fed and how it was transported. All with the goal of increasing transparency. Level Playing FieldImagine if you are an olive farmer in Italy growing organic olives. The multinational company you would like to sell to requires certificates of origin, authenticity, etc. You can't afford the certification process and are left out of the supply chain. Using a GPRS enabled mobile phone, this small farmer could provide blockchain evidence with a mobile app allowing them to take part in the global economy. Authenticating GoodsImagine you ship your goods across the ocean to Ireland. Using blockchain to authenticate the goods, you could get paid upon product arrival instead of waiting for the goods to get processed through customs, etc. This eliminates paperwork, time and nonvalue-added activities. Everyone from the shipping company, freight forwarder, ports, and customs officials will see huge savings in time and effort. Location IntelligenceAdding location intelligence to the blockchain ensures products are in the right place, at the right time, and received by the right people. Imagine having location intelligence and manifest data to a blockchain at the Shanghai China port- the busiest port in the world. You can imagine the hundreds of thousands of containers containing millions and millions of assets. Blockchain technology with location intelligence allows you to track exactly where your product is at all times among millions of assets. Fraud Prevention and DetectionAdding mapping capabilities and location rich data to the blockchain allows for fraud prevention. It's your anniversary and you want to buy your wife a Louis Vuitton purse. How can you be sure that it came from Italy and not China? Deploying mapping capability and location data ensure that as the products move through the supply chain, the locations are where they claim to be. If you as a consumer could view the blockchain data, you would know for sure the purse is real and not a fake. This can be used for all types of goods where counterfeiting is an issue. As always, it's an honor to serve you, and I hope this helps you and your organization get a little better today. http://getpodcast.reviews/id/1499224100 (Rate and Review Here) More show notes are https://americanlean.com/blog/how-blockchain-is-changing-logistics/ (here) https://americanlean.com/contact/ (Schedule a free 1/2 call) with Tom Reed.https://www.amazon.com/dp/1645162818 (Buy) the Lean Game Plan Follow me on https://twitter.com/dailyleancoach (Twitter@dailyleancoach)Join me on https://my.captivate.fm/www.linkedin.com/in/tomreedamericanlean (Linked In)

This week I talk with Dr. Rob about his experience doing an AEGD program after graduating from Loma Linda Dental School. We talk through the differences between GPRs and AEGDs and how to apply to them. He also gives insight into why he pursued an MPH before dental school and how he uses his passion for public health to educate about LGBTQ health in dentistry. Dr. Rob's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dr.rjmfrey/ Engage with the podcast on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dentaldownloadpodcast/ Haley's YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/HaleySchultz Haley's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/haleyschultz_yt/

Raise $250,000 in under 8 weeks? No problem!That's just one of the success stories Wayne Daniel from WAYSU Marketing & PR talks to us about in this episode of the Pocket Mastermind podcast.Wayne also shares his career path that led him to setting up his own Marketing and PR agency and how WAYSU uses a full-service model to deliver incredible results for their clients.You can find out more and view details of case studies at https://waysu.co.uk/Transcript[00:00:00] David: [00:00:00] Wayne, welcome to the Pocket Mastermind podcast. How are you?[00:00:17] Wayne: [00:00:17] I'm good, thank you. Thanks for having me, Dave.[00:00:19] Welcome mate.[00:00:21] So you're[00:00:22] David: [00:00:22] the founder, director of WAYSU, Marketing and PR. Um, but before we get into talking about. What WAYSU does and how you do it and what makes you guys different. I want to take it back to the start of your career.[00:00:36] How did you get into, you know, a career within marketing PR in the first place? What, what attracted you into that and what kind of, what route did you take from making that decision to kind of where you are now.[00:00:50] Wayne: [00:00:50] Yeah. And so I guess I've been quite lucky. I'm during my A Levels. I decided that I wanted to either do psychology or [00:01:00] marketing psychology cause I was watching a lot of, um, Robbie Coltrane in Cracker and I was studying A Level and I was doing business studies at A Level as well.[00:01:11] So I had a chat with her. Um. A good few people who had taken both routes and it seemed that psychology seemed to be a lot of statistics a lot of theory, a lot of real, real scientific work, which wasn't how I had perceived it. So, um, I quite liked to advertise in branding consumer behavior. So I then literally.[00:01:34] Did, um, a degree in marketing at the university of central Lancashire where I met some of my best friends for life. So, um, I've been doing marketing for over 20 years now. Um, thankfully for me in the 3rd year doing the traditional milk round, um, I applied for six or seven graduate jobs. And one of those was with Vodafone on a kind of [00:02:00] innovative, um, graduate scheme, which was over two years.[00:02:04] I thankfully managed to get onto that scheme and I've been working in marketing ever since, growing and evolving through what was, um, offline marketing to a broad based digital marketing platform now. So you've seen quite a big change in the industry since you first started from, I guess a lot of more.[00:02:25] David: [00:02:25] And when you say offline, I assume a lot of that's kind of a[00:02:27] Wayne: [00:02:27] paper based, newspaper[00:02:28] David: [00:02:28] based stuff. Outdoor stuff.[00:02:31] Wayne: [00:02:31] Yeah.[00:02:31] David: [00:02:31] So digital stuff, right?[00:02:34] Wayne: [00:02:34] Absolutely. So when I first started, um, leaflets door drops as we call them, DMs were a big thing. Um, but now as you know, you get so many of them for your door. The, the rate of take up is quite poor, but the cost of them is so cheap.[00:02:50] Some companies still finding them delivering a return on investment. Um, and just in terms of the cycle of where I've come from, I was there at the inception of [00:03:00] marketing on mobile phones. So those first chunky WAP phones back in the day, the pre G a GPRS days, I was actually doing some marketing for Vodafone on those um devices.[00:03:14] So yeah, it has really come full circle and it's, it's been a really interesting journey to be quite honest.[00:03:21] David: [00:03:21] And how long were[00:03:21] Wayne: [00:03:21] you a Voda for?[00:03:24] Um, I was at Vodafone for four and a half years. Um, interestingly working across, um, B to B, B to C, and doing some account management stuff, but mainly working on handset marketing.[00:03:39] So at my age, at the time, it was really a really exciting and pivotable pivotable time for me to be involved. So we were working on, and not just consumers, so cutting edge retail store, what the these phones actually do, but also how do we market to consumers who've just bought these [00:04:00] phones so that we can push our services to them.[00:04:02] So it was really cutting edge stuff. Very interesting.[00:04:06] David: [00:04:06] And then where did you go from Voda and what was the, what was the motivation for the change.[00:04:12] Wayne: [00:04:12] Yeah. So, so there the couple of motivations. So I've always said I want to keep things fresh. So, um, I left Voda and went to do some contracting work, first to expand my knowledge base, um, and then I wound up working in financial services marketing.[00:04:34] Which again, in terms of where I've got to today and owning my own business has been absolutely invaluable because financial services marketing is a completely different set of parameters in terms of the target audiences and what emotional triggers you're trying to obviously, um, attach yourself to, in terms of the market.[00:04:53] And so it was all quite different in the approach. So, yeah. Um,[00:05:00] [00:05:00] David: [00:05:00] What would you say the biggest things you learned from that change in industry were. How did that, how did that add to, you know, the skills that you now. You now have, you know, getting, you know, like you just said, a range, a range of experience from different categories, kind of building in towards how that's become valuable now . What do you think those key things were?[00:05:21] Wayne: [00:05:21] So one of them is a hundred percent a longer sales cycle. So. You're not very impulsively buying financial services and identity theft protection, which is one of the market services that we were selling. It's not an impulsive decision, whereas mobile phones and some of these fast moving consumer goods that I've marketed since such time are impulse based.[00:05:44] So it's looking at different triggers in consumer behavior. It's also made me a lot more process driven as well because anyone who works in banking and finance understands that there are quite a lot of milestones and processes and [00:06:00] legal departments and risk teams to work with. Before you can put things to market.[00:06:06] Um, and also working with regulatory bodies to understand what you can and cannot say in your claims. So it matured me a lot in terms of, um, my approach to marketing. I can't say it was as fun because it wasn't.[00:06:22] David: [00:06:22] I've worked in financial services as well. It's certainly not the most fun arena, sorry to anyone who's working in financial services. It's a little more restrictive than telecoms.[00:06:32] Wayne: [00:06:32] Yeah, but you can make it fun. You can obviously put different angles to it, as you know, there's certain companies in the market such as Compare the Market, for example, who put a different spin. I'm sure Direct Line and a couple of others have put their own spin on it. So yeah, it doesn't have to be, you know, that's one of the things I've been trying to instill in WAYSU is to bring back some passion and some fun and enthusiasm into what can be quite an stayed [00:07:00] transactional based, um, process driven service.[00:07:04] David: [00:07:04] And then so other steps then along the journey from, from that point to where you are now, what w what were some of the key decisions that you've felt that you feel you've made on that journey, and what were the drivers behind those decisions? Did you kind of, did you know you at some point you potentially wanted to set up on your own?[00:07:26] Or is that something that's grown over the time that you've. Uh, been we working throughout your career?[00:07:33] Wayne: [00:07:33] No, it's a, it's a good question. I guess for me, I, I came to a decision a good few years ago that I didn't want to manage within a corporate structure, a team of 10 to 20 people. If I was going to run a team of 10 to 20 people, I wanted to do it my way.[00:07:53] I didn't want the macro environment pressures and the minutias of HR and those [00:08:00] kinds of pressures, um, impacting on the way that I ran my team. So I quite early on, um, found myself quite niche roles where I could control agencies instead. So I would work with creative agencies, design agencies.[00:08:15] Customer service and teams, and I would work with them and I would manage them kind of in a dotted line through to my management team. That is a skill that I've been able to hone and they've evolve and is definitely helping me in what I now do today because I'm my own boss now, so I have various different stakeholders, so I've got to understand the nuances of managing them in different ways.[00:08:40] David: [00:08:40] So, again, going back to the financial services, managing large stakeholders is probably been quite beneficial from that standpoint. And then, like you say, managing remote, you know, virtual colleagues, I guess you'd probably call them, uh, has also been quite pivotal. Um, what do you think are some of the, [00:09:00] the, the, the key roles that have really made the biggest difference to get to get you to a point where you felt comfortable.[00:09:09] Wayne: [00:09:09] Yeah.[00:09:10] David: [00:09:10] And starting out on your own really. I think some people might be thinking, I've been in it, I've been in a career doing whatever, maybe doing exactly what you're doing for 10 or 15 years or so, and maybe have an ambition to start a business, but haven't really known what the, what the right point is, when is it okay to do that? When's a good time to do that? And what would you say to anyone who's potentially in that position, you know, what, what was that experience like for you?[00:09:41] Wayne: [00:09:41] So it's interesting. So there's two. There's two ways that I could answer that. First of all is when did it start to potentially click for me and the confidence levels of how this might be something that I could do is, interestingly, when I met you in the company that we were at Virgin Media, and I found that the [00:10:00] teams and the individuals that I was working with at Virgin Media.[00:10:03] We're full of brilliant minds, motivated people, best in class. Superb at trying to generate change and affect change before then. Um, in some of my roles it hadn't been like that, so I learnt a lot from them so that it became quite natural to me to work in a different type of way. So I would say that, um, yeah, working with different people, you obviously you don't want to be the cleverest guy in the room, but you also don't want to be out of your depth.[00:10:33] So it was good to have that really good mix of people and characters and personalities and within Virgin, and I bounced and learn from them. Um, what I would say as a. Nice. Um, elevation to that is when I started working, um, for, um, Yell, they, is a very structured process driven environment. So it was very [00:11:00] focused on the sales and the ROI and sweating the dollar, so to speak. And although as an employee, sometimes that can be a little bit grating and it can at times be a little bit intense. I learned a phenomenal amount in that process and doing that role, which now I'm running my own business and having to account for every penny that we spend, and every client penny that we spend.[00:11:28] That has been absolutely invaluable. So it's vast experience as well that if I hadn't heard that. It would have been very difficult for me to just flip the switch, go from what can be seen sometimes as cozy corporate life. Sometimes it's easy to find that you can find the niche and like you said yourself, you can be there for 10, 15, 20 years.[00:11:47] Before you know it, you're 55 with gray hair wondering what the hell happened to your life.[00:11:52] David: [00:11:52] Or no hair![00:11:54]Wayne: [00:11:54] Yeah. Yeah. I can choose to shave mine.[00:11:59] David: [00:11:59] I [00:12:00] could claim the same if I sat like this.[00:12:03] Wayne: [00:12:03] So yes, I would say that those two roles was super pivotable. Um, for me, in terms of. Um, the people who I met and then the processes that were underpinning what I was doing, um, the second company, Yell. In terms of what that advice would be in towards people who might want to take this jump themselves is, I think you need to be honest.[00:12:30] You need a few things. You need confidence in yourself and your abilities. This isn't something that you can wing. Yeah. This isn't football. The territory where you've got a natural home skill and you can just phone it in. You really do need to have a skill and a trade and be able to evolve that skill and that trade so that you don't get left behind.[00:12:52] I think, um, if you can juggle initially anyway, um, the, what some people would call the [00:13:00] side hustle or the, uh, additional revenue stream or the learning to set up your business alongside the day job, that would be a key piece of advice that I would provide. Definitely that takes a lot of the pressure off and you can find your feet in your own time and you've also got that support network that I talked about in the Virgin Media days.[00:13:22] You've got that support network of people, while you're still working, who you can pick their brains, you can get ideas from them and you can say, these are the types of things that gaps in the market that I found there. I'm looking to launch this product, et cetera, et cetera, or get some feedback and support from them.[00:13:40] And then the third one I would say is, um. You've got to look at capital. There's an, there's no point jumping into this with no money behind you at all, because again, it's all about you don't want pressure. Um, a good friend of mine talked about the best way out of the rat race. Is to actually accumulate [00:14:00] some property or some revenue or some, some income to be able to sustain you for that first three to six months when you take the leap.[00:14:08] So even if you've got a cracking idea, you've got to have something behind you. For example, who knew that this pandemic was coming. For example, or if there's going to be a recession or if God forbid you or your partner fall ill, or the people who you're working with, you fall out with. You know, these, these unknown dynamics can drastically change what was a great business idea or a great business premise that you had can quickly change.[00:14:37] So you do need some capital behind you.[00:14:40] David: [00:14:40] What are some of the, the general skills that you've either. Found that you had and grateful for having, or maybe some, some of the skills that you've then developed since setting up on your own. That you didn't necessarily consider maybe beforehand, but you'd probably suggest that the [00:15:00] general skills, you know, that might apply to anyone who started thinking about starting a business themselves.[00:15:07] Wayne: [00:15:07] That's a really good question. And there are a good few skills. I'll get. Try and rattle off a few quite quickly without boring anyone. But that's a really good question. So one of those would be the art of delegation. So people are quite happy to say, yes, yes, yes, I'll take that on, I'll do that. Such and such client is a really good client.[00:15:29] I'll do those eight things. Yes, that's a really good supplier. I'll do those 20 things. But you've got to be able to not just prioritise, but delegate to other people. So in terms of push back and say, well, if you can provide me with X, Y, and Z, I can deliver by the end of the week. Um, if I defer that down to one of my specialists, and then I look at it at the 80% stage, that is better for everyone involved than me trying to take it on in the initial stage.[00:16:00] [00:16:00] And also when you're like having a meeting with your specialist in terms of empowering them. That's what you've employed them to do is crack on and nail this. Google, problem or this Facebook marketing task or this coding issue with a client's website. You've empowered them to do that. Let them get on.[00:16:19] Don't try and own it all. So I'd say delegation is key. Um, one of the things that I like to think that I've got is being able to articulate myself in a very clear and simple way. And as a business owner, that's key key to picking up business key to ensuring that your suppliers, your contractors, the people that you work with, interpret exactly what you need them to do.[00:16:46] There was nothing worse than, as a small business owner having a meeting with someone on the Friday thinking they understood what you thought, and then them delivering something back seven days later and it's completely missed the brief. We don't have the time as a small business to go [00:17:00] back to the start.[00:17:01] So being very clear and articulate what you want, it's not a natural skill to some people, but if you can develop some of those skills. There's lots of videos on YouTube in terms of voice projection understanding, breathing as you talk. That kind of stuff. It really does help. Um, and then one that I'm particularly good at is Excel. So I've never, I've never gravitated towards accountancy, bookkeeping or anything like that, so I've had to be quite[00:17:34] David: [00:17:34] The natural home of a marketeer of course.[00:17:36] Wayne: [00:17:36] Yeah, exactly. Exactly. So, yeah, in terms of just the things from um splitting out, um, itemising invoices, bookkeeping for my accountant, that stuff doesn't come naturally to me.[00:17:51] I'm. I doer, in the creative sense, in the account management sense, in the content creation sense and the [00:18:00] team building sense, but in terms of, um, finance and those financial disciplines, that is something that I've had to learn on the job. So, um, yeah, YouTube and as I said, friends and colleagues or your friends, utilise them where you can to, to their strengths.[00:18:19] David: [00:18:19] And I guess things like, um. Outsourcing that you just mentioned, the accounts and that kind of stuff is don't try and do everything and too much because you know you get completely snowed under.[00:18:33] Wayne: [00:18:33] Yeah. So it's funny you should say that. That's, that's one of the things that I'm keen to instill in what we do about WAYSU is lots of our clients try and do it at all.[00:18:44] So they're doing a little bit of social media marketing. They're trying to handle the customer database. They're tinkering around with their own websites, sometimes in a quite reasonably effective manner. Sometimes horribly. Um, they're not looking at, say, customer [00:19:00] journeys. They're not looking at lead generation.[00:19:03] And then you've got clients who try and make their own logos. You've got clients who think that they're quite witty and very, um, positive in the approach to their products and where it might work on one social media channel, such as Instagram, it falls flat on LinkedIn. So it's my job as a marketing agency owner to take that stream and to clear that path for our clients.[00:19:34] So we have the initial consultation with the clients where we listen to them and it's done what their problems are. So it's. We've got no voice in the market, or we're looking to launch this product, or people come to our website and they leave without buying anything, that kind of thing. And then as you listen to them, you understand that they are literally trying to do 30 different things.[00:19:58] Between them and two or [00:20:00] three of us stakeholders, which is an impossible, an impossible thing to do for a small to medium business. So again, that plays back to one, that delegation, but two, having that skill to know, right, I need to outsource these particular elements and I need to let an expert in and see what they can do, which works quite well in my respect.[00:20:21] David: [00:20:21] I think. Obviously the aversion of a lot of these things when you're starting a business or running one is trying to find ways of trying to not spend money in certain areas. But there are certain things like, you know, lead generation for one, probably being the most important, you know, it's the start of the funnel.[00:20:41] Getting people through the door is probably where you want to be investing the time and the money, um, and getting the experts in because, um it's all good and well having a great team of people ready to serve customers, but if there aren't any your business falls flat on its face, I guess it's probably, [00:21:00] this is a good opportunity then to transition into talking a bit about WAYSU.[00:21:06] Really kind of, wait, wait, wait, wait, how you got started and then what you, what you kind of specialise in and some key tips for, for people, where there's probably a an opportunity to do something a bit a bit better and how you can add the value to the business.[00:21:21] Wayne: [00:21:21] No. Perfect. So I guess from my perspective, what we found is that I was being more and more asked for advice.[00:21:30] So within my day job, as I said, as I transitioned from, um, lots of newspaper radio. And DM physical advertising to start to get into digital marketing. More and more people would ask for advice because they understood that I was more of an innovator and I was for the businesses and the teams I was working on was on the cutting edge of what was happening.[00:21:55] Um, one of the interesting things that I. Saw and has helped me [00:22:00] massively is marketing was sometimes back in the day, seen as quite, um, a superficial, um. Element business element. So people would make jokes about it as we colour, we colour things in, we do the pretty pictures and the finance guys and the product development guys.[00:22:19] They're the guys who drive the business and yeah, I've got a friend of mine in my ear I can imagine now.[00:22:24] David: [00:22:24] I know exactly who you're talking about. I may have made the jokes about the crayons.[00:22:32] Wayne: [00:22:32] Yeah, exactly. Exactly. So what. Um, I found really changed that dynamic is Google and Facebook. And Amazon. So when people then started to realise that Facebook understood everything about you and the data being used on Google, then drove what you then returned in searches.[00:22:56] And Amazon was then able to provide you from their [00:23:00] massive databanks provides you with marketed solutions for what you require, and people then didn't see it even as intrusive. It's like, okay, I understand that they know all about me, but they're now servicing my need. The role of the marketeer became a lot more.[00:23:16] Sexy, a lot more relevant, a lot more cutting edge, and that then became a lot easier for marketers like myself to push ourselves forward, to get our voices heard in organisations, which were sales led, and then became more marketing then. So yeah, that's definitely one of the changes that I've seen in um industry and then the environment over the last 10 years.[00:23:43] Um, in terms of what you were initially talking about in terms of how that change was made, so people were asking a lot of questions. People were saying, social media, I don't really know how to jump in and what channels to get involved in. Um, should I outsource building a website or should I go to Wix and [00:24:00] start trying to do on myself?[00:24:02] Um, so I understood that there was a need. For specialists out there, and I didn't just want to be a gun for hire consultant who just added a little bit of information there on an hourly basis. I wanted to develop a kind of full service marketing agency so that for startups and entrepreneurs, small business owners who were like, I've got this amazing product and I have no idea how to bring it to market.[00:24:29] I'm the innovator behind building it, but I don't know what to do with it next. I quite liked that idea and I quite liked using my experiences to help those businesses. Not going to say it's completely altruistic. You've got to pay the bills. But, um, everyone wants to do something in life that they enjoy and I quite enjoy tasks and challenges and logical problem solving. So, um, some clients come in with a Facebook conundrum or they're [00:25:00] looking in terms of the, as you were talking about, their lead funnel is completely dried up due to competitor entering the market. But they've still got the same product they had before and they've dropped their price, but they're still struggling.[00:25:12] Then I like to help them using marketing strategy and marketing techniques to get back in the game. So yeah, that's definitely how I've come to set up my own agency. And then just finally, um, in terms of how this actually happened, um, as I've mentioned to a few people, I think I've got a piece about it on our actual website.[00:25:36] Um, it was a conversation in a pub with a friend of a friend who came up to me and asked, and for my advice, he said, a friend that says that you're in, I'm leaving names out of all of you. So.[00:25:53] A friend of a friend has said that you, you do digital marketing. I've got a really cool invention as an all in one [00:26:00] barbecue. I mean, it literally does everything from being a pizza oven. It's a smoker of fish. It does wok. It does a roast, it even has an internal kettle to make your tea and it's fantastic, but I can barely use WhatsApp.[00:26:17] So I don't really know how to bring this to market, so I was like, okay, sounds incredibly interesting. I always listen to the client first. That's a hundred percent key. You're not trying to prescribe something to them immediately. You're trying to understand what are their objectives, what are they trying to get?[00:26:34] What's their problem? So had a couple of conversations with him, was joined by his wife and it seemed like something I'd be quite interested in doing so during some very long weekends cause I'm a NightOwl. Um, I started working on what could be the proposition to bring this to market.[00:26:54] It quickly then snowballed into a multi channel [00:27:00] marketing launch. His whole thing was he needed to make a certain amount of money, raise a certain amount of money so that he could tool up in China to get this product made. Because I am a digital marketing expert. And, my partner is a public relations expert. We were able to devise with one of our trusted specialists who we still use today and devise a marketing plan and strategy to bring that to market via YouTube, via Facebook, via instagram and via dedicated proper, um, prospect, email campaign to like minded people who would want this barbecue. So playing on the consumer market, but also going further a field and then looking at scout associations and, um, all sorts of outdoor orienteering type organizations here around in the U.S. And then the Far East who would be interested in [00:28:00] this, um, proposition.[00:28:02] So that specific, um, product launch was what really got me into thinking, actually, I'd like to start doing this for myself as opposed to trying to juggle this as some kind of weekend activity. And that's how we started on the path.[00:28:20] David: [00:28:20] And, um, so talk, are you able to talk a little bit more about the results of that.[00:28:25] Wayne: [00:28:25] Yes.[00:28:26] David: [00:28:26] That campaign. So I think that's really interesting. The fact that it's in multichannel coordinated, um, campaign probably, you know, for a lot of smaller businesses, start-up businesses isn't necessarily something that they, they think of and, maybe, you know, or they try and do it, like you've said before, try and do it themselves.[00:28:45] It's not as easy as it seems to, to kind of try and coordinate that. Even trying to post on three social media channels in one goes hard work, nevermind create a coordinated campaign approach. So maybe talk to us a bit more [00:29:00] about how you, how you kind of executed that, what it looked like and then kind of some of the results you're able to drive.[00:29:07] Wayne: [00:29:07] I know you're right, it is sometimes only when you talk about these things, you realise the Herculean challenges that were involved in actually bringing this to launch, considering as I've said, the digital, the inadequacies of the inventor, um, that I literally, with my team, had to do a lot of this ourselves.[00:29:26] So there's a lot of planning and structure, which goes back to when I was working in the financial services sector, putting in place a plan that says, okay, we're going to do this in six stages. Stage one is what are we going to do? We're going to do a press release telling certain people that we're going to launch this.[00:29:42] Okay. How do you do a press release? Right? Because my partner's a PR specialist. It was like, okay, you need a contact strategy. You need a little black book, or you need people who you're trying to target and tell them about your service or your product. Okay. Social media is going to be massive, but you then got [00:30:00] to understand what product or service you're selling,  and what market and platform that works on, so everyone knows now you've got everything from TiK Tok to Snapchat, to Instagram, to Facebook, to Twitter, to Reddit to YouTube, to LinkedIn. It's understanding which of those will work for the client. You're trying to sweat every dollar. You're trying to ensure that they're not wasting a thousand pounds going down a particular Avenue.[00:30:28] Cause one, it impacts badly on you. And perception is about what you're trying to do for them. But also ultimately there is then less money for them to spend on marketing to get it right. So, um, we're quite methodical about the way that we do the planning. There's gotta be some test and learn and AB testing, as we all know, but there's got to be a planning process in place, which you've got to hand hold certain, um, clients through.[00:30:54] So that is one of the key things that we did. Is the planning process. [00:31:00] Secondly, is skill up the team that you want on that project in the right way. So are you going to need someone to build a website and landing pages? If so, do you get someone in there who is design minded? So it looks aesthetically. Bob on.[00:31:18] But also you then need the copywriter who can write the copy so that it's got SEO value so that it gets picked up by the right search engine algorithms. So there's a lot of elements behind building a campaign that, as I was saying to you earlier, clients sometimes don't understand when they try and do it all at once.[00:31:37] So lots of processes, lots of putting people in the right places, putting together a plan and then presenting that plan back to the clients and them going, yeah, okay. I can see where the ROI is in that, because a lot of this marketing and kind of what we've got with the current pandemic is one of the first things that a lot of companies cut is marketing.[00:32:00] [00:31:59] So you kind of trying to instill in them that it's not about likes and engaging um, comments from your audience. You're trying to generate leads or you're trying to build a lasting sentiment in the mind of the consumer that you are a brand who's credible than a prime that they should use. So there was quite a few elements that we pulled together anyway, as I was saying, you put together the plan, go through the plan with the client, and then we've got that phased approach.[00:32:28] Here's what we're trying to do at the very beginning. Create some awareness. Okay. When you've created the awareness, what are you trying to do? Then? What are you trying to stimulate your consumer or your audience to? Do you want them to buy? Do you want them to go to a website? Do you want them to just fill out a form for now?[00:32:45] Do you want them to tell you, tell their friends, or do you want them to come as what this particular activity was, is to go to a crowdfunding insight. What we wanted to do is we wanted to show them how amazing this product was and it's multi functional [00:33:00] capabilities and it's relatively cheap price point for all these things it could do, and then get them to go to the crowdfunding platform and say, I want a bit of that, I'll buy this. That then gave them a bigger pot of money that they would then be able to then use to do the tooling in China.[00:33:18] So just to round that piece off, we were kind of given a challenge of generating 40,000 U.S. Dollars. Um, so they could do the tooling. The success of the digital marketing campaign that we generated enabled us to raise 250,000 U.S. Dollars in six and a half to eight weeks, and that was for us, that convinced me, one, this is exciting two we know what we're doing on the, we're on the right path. And three, it's quite, um. Good to then get the feedbacks from the clients, obviously, and understandably, this is worked. Can you do more of this? I'm [00:34:00] going to introduce you to a friend who they've got their own business and they are doing X, and then that's how these things can start to snowball.[00:34:07] And it was quite exciting because we do. We use a professional to make a video, like a free minute video that we would then edit into different, um, editable bite-size consumables and for different channels. And then that would get picked up in random places like Japan or in Sydney. And they would then be talking about it on their blogs or on their Facebook user groups.[00:34:34] And then we'd be getting back links to our, the client's landing page. Talking about this revolutionary only one barbecue. So obviously that then helps us in our marketing to understand there is a lot of power behind digital marketing. It's instantaneous as well. You can literally put something out there and it's not, it's quite [00:35:00] easy and cliche to say, Oh, something can go viral.[00:35:02] It's what you want that viral to be. If you get a hundred thousand likes and ultimately you get two orders. It's gone viral, but it hasn't generated anything for you. Ultimately, if you get a hundred thousand orders and you can only service 20 you've got a very disappointed initial customer base and first impressions count and those customers won't come back.[00:35:25] So it's putting together a very clever and nuanced marketing strategy and in channel tactics to make these things work.[00:35:34] David: [00:35:34] I think is really interesting because. I think we're conditioned just in our personal lives that likes, likes are the thing, right. And I think that ends up getting carried over a lot of times into, into business.[00:35:50] And you know, if you are a small business, you're not going to be an expert at everything, is not possible, right? But yet you kind of try and build in your own sales [00:36:00] funnel effectively is the case for, for many people, I think. And I think. Um, utilising the expert skills, like someone like yourself to actually build that strategy.[00:36:12] What are you trying to achieve? What does the, what is the point of the funnel? Like you just said, is it filling in a form? Is it clicking an order? Is it going on to some other stage is absolutely essential for, for any business. And I think that's probably probably one of the gaps I see. Just in general, you know, when I see advertise a lot of advertising marketing around.[00:36:34] Not really sure that the, the, the ad that you see matches what, I perceive the call to action to actually be, do you know, um, so it's quite, yeah, quite interesting. I think, um, more people should spend a bit more time thinking about what they actually want that funnel to look like. Any other areas that you see quite consistently?[00:36:57] With kind of small, medium businesses [00:37:00] where you kind of gone, you've gone kind of gone in and made that, that difference. Does that make sense as a question?[00:37:08] Wayne: [00:37:08] No, no. It's something that I'm quite passionate about, to be quite honest, is the data. So it's interesting and it's a complete opposite of me not being excited by Excel is.[00:37:20] Actually understanding the data within your business. They're two completely different things. So I might go into a client who's got Google analytics set up for that website, but they've never looked at it and they wonder why no one is buying or converting on their website and their competitors are eating their lunch.[00:37:39] So for me to be able to go into Google analytics and look at their visitor numbers, their traffic by day. Um, the bounce rate of people who come and immediately leave, where on the website they actually visit. Um, why are they not going to this page or this portal or his section? [00:38:00] What is the average time on site?[00:38:02] Oh, you're saying they're only spending 20 seconds on your website, but they used to spend three minutes on your website. Have you not wondered why that might be. If you get into the data or you pay someone to get into the data, all of a sudden things can be a lot easier than pushing that boulder up the hill.[00:38:20] So that's definitely something that I've found is that people either don't understand or take the time to understand the data. I then send them a few customised WAYSU reports, and you see the scales fall from their eyes as they realise where their customers are, where their prospects. Are going to and how they can convert more of them.[00:38:42] And again, as a marketeer, that's quite exciting to see them then get back on the phone having received the presentation deck and go, that's amazing. I've seen more in this deck than I've seen, talked about my business from any expert in the last couple of years, and that's because we've gone into, it's not [00:39:00] just Google analytics.[00:39:01] You can go into Google ad words and see what kind of ads they were um, previously, um, doing paid ads for, or even just going into their Instagram business account and seeing exactly what people are doing, what the demographics are of their Instagram base, um, what was getting, not just as many likes, but getting more impressions and then having them understand that, okay.[00:39:27] Right. So that post did got 17 times more impressions than this one. How could that be? And then you start looking at the hashtags. You start looking at the words that they were using in the post. You start looking at, well, that's when you started using video clips as opposed to just static images.[00:39:46] So yeah. It's all about the data. And that's one of the things that digital market and brings you. So not like with radio or newspaper advertising. It's quite hard to justify the [00:40:00] ROI sometimes, especially initially, but with digital marketing. It's where they can literally see what WAYSU is doing, they can see the money that WAYSU is spending for them, YouTube or Facebook or, um, through LinkedIn.[00:40:16] And then they can see where their ROI is and where their cost per lead is.[00:40:21] David: [00:40:21] And that's the, I think the interesting thing with digital is if you know what you're doing, you can save a fortune. And if you don't, you can definitely spend a fortune and end up with uh, no results. Right? Cause you know, an advert that doesn't actually have a clear call to action or it's not clear what the product is or the service is, or you've hit the wrong people.[00:40:44] You ha, you know, the amount of the, the thing with Facebook and advertising in those kinds of platforms, very powerful if you know what you're doing. But a minefield, I think if you don't.[00:40:56] Wayne: [00:40:56] Yeah. And unfortunately, um, [00:41:00] I was working with someone who thought they were helping by spending some of their own money as we were just starting to understand what they needed and what channels we were going to operate for in them.[00:41:16] They started spending their own money trying to boost their own posts, and they spent a lot of money, unfortunately, and wasted a lot of money. Getting a hell of a lot of likes and a hell of a lot of engagement from people saying, this looks really cool, but it was not generating any form submissions, which is ultimately what they wanted.[00:41:38] And that goes back to what I was originally saying that then harms the campaign, because if there's money being wasted, there's less money to spend in getting it right. Um, and then just just on that bit, cause you, you mentioned an interesting bit about them not knowing sometimes, um, at my old company Yell, one of the, one of the key things [00:42:00] was, is kind of, we do a certain job so that you can do your job.[00:42:04] So for example, one of the analogies used was. We take care of the digital marketing so you can go up the ladder and fix people's roofs. It's that kind of philosophy that works really well as in, let us do our job. It's all very transparent because it's digital marketing, but let us do our jobs. Let us guide you along the way.[00:42:28] We'll listen, we'll understand what you're trying to achieve, but then let us crack on and show you the results. Some of these results are not instantaneous. You can't just generate from zero to a hundred miles an hour in some channels. But we can show you the proof points that work and we can give you some nice little quick wins along the way.[00:42:49] Because every website that I've looked at needs some form of optimisation. I mean literally we could together the three of us look at 10 websites now and we'd find different [00:43:00] things where we go, well, on mobile that looks ghastly on an Android, or I look at that on an iPhone and I don't really understand that.[00:43:08] Or why is it seven clicks to do that way instead of two clicks, or I wouldn't really click on that website because they don't appear to have that little um lock at the top, which is the SSL certificate. They don't really have that. So I wouldn't really put my credit card details in there.[00:43:24] So there were lots of elements that business owners, when they've got websites need to be doing to evolve and bring their website and their marketing to some extent into the current, um, environment.[00:43:41] David: [00:43:41] And so probably brings us on to, if anyone wants to find you, where do they track you down Wayne?[00:43:50] Wayne: [00:43:50] No. So, um, so obviously we are available at waysu.co.uk. Whiskey alpha Yankee, [00:44:00] Susie. Umbrella dot co dot UK, sometimes people spell it with a Z. So um, yeah, I just emphasise that. And we're also on all the available social channels. Um, LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram. Um, and I can be contacted on the phone as well on 0118 44992524.[00:44:24] And what I always like to do is I'm happy to have a chat with anyone who is a business owner, or a startup. Understand a little bit about what they do from a market perspective. Then taking a phased approach with them, as in what do you need first? Everyone wants to generate more money first, but I'm trying to get some of those steps in place because maybe your website is really, really old.[00:44:51] Or maybe you're just about to launch a product and you need to set those different channels up, or it might just be that the [00:45:00] competition is out there is really fierce. You've now been hit, right? A pandemic. So what are you going to be doing to differentiate and stand out in the market? So using lots of different elements to just come back to them with a two pronged approach. One, how can they make some money quickly? But two, how can we underpin it with some medium to long term principles, which will help them going forward over the next five to 10 years? People now understand even more than ever that they got to be in the digital space. People are spending a hell of a lot more time online at this moment in time on their phones.[00:45:38] Glued to them, sat at home, bored when they're not on Netflix and on their laptop searching for whatever when they're not on Amazon. So it's been, it's taking your business in front of that now expanded audience and giving them something that elevates you above your competitors. So yeah, it's been beneficial in some [00:46:00] respects because you get a lot more inquiries and it's just how you convert those inquiries by providing sensible, rational plans.[00:46:11] David: [00:46:11] And, um, you've obviously been used to work in, uh, remotely for quite a while anyway. So I guess, has there been much change for you in the way you operate? Fewer face to face, I suppose, but is there a fair amount of your, your client interaction I assume has been fairly remote anyway?[00:46:32] Wayne: [00:46:32] Um yeah. As you've just said? Quite rightly, said. We've been quite lucky in the respect that I work from home permanently anyway, so we have an office here in our extended, um, house, which works really, really well for us. It gives me an enclosed space to crack on. Actually I have hosted clients here before cause we've got a massive screen and a technical, um, area here so I can take them through the presentations and we can go [00:47:00] through what competitors do on youTube. So it's all, it's all really good. But there's been less of those meetings due to the lockdown and my client meetings. Zoom has been absolutely invaluable. I was using it long before the um influx of new people to the platform, so that's been really great for me.[00:47:19] Um, so yeah, nothing much has changed. We've obviously got, um, two children who are at home at the moment, so that creates it's own challenges. But less though, less so than for a lot of parents, because obviously we've done this before and because my partner works part time, she's able to help out in a lot more hands on manner that some people.[00:47:43] David: [00:47:43] Quite fortunate in that regard.[00:47:44]Wayne: [00:47:44] Yeah, absolutely. Absolutely.[00:47:46] David: [00:47:46] It's been really interesting. Um, and thank you very much for giving up your time to share your story. I think, um, sharing the path that you've taken and some of the decisions that you've taken, and then [00:48:00] really sharing how each of those different roles have added skills to the bow that of may got you to a place where you're then able to set up on your own, I think is really helpful for, for anybody who is also, you know, following that path or at some point is thinking, I'd really love to go and do something for myself. And also, you know, obviously sharing the experience with WAYSU, it's itself and the skills that you can bring. And I'd highly recommend people, anyone listening now who's thinking we need a, we need to come up with a plan to get customers through the door, and particularly at a time like this, right. I think you touched on earlier. The first thing that a lot of places a lot of companies will cut is marketing spend.[00:48:46] Wayne: [00:48:46] Yeah.[00:48:47] David: [00:48:47] But if anything, you probably, that's probably where you need to maintain spend.[00:48:51] You need to keep busy. It's very competitive, and there's lots of, you just touched on eyes on screens. It's a lot of flicking through, so you've got to, you've got to [00:49:00] come up with something that's meaningful and stand out. That's gonna make sure that actually this, this situation doesn't make a bad situation worse, because you're not playing in the game.[00:49:10] Wayne: [00:49:10] Yeah. No. First of all, thank you for having me. I quite enjoyed um talking to you and Steve about what we do and just giving it a little bit of flavour about what digital marketing is and what it can be, um, in the market place. And yeah, as I was explaining before, I'm always open to a call to anyone who wants to discuss their existing marketing or how to take their marketing to the next level.[00:49:38] And obviously we are a public relations agency as well. So also around content, contact strategies, content creation, um, press releases and all that kind of intrinsic um communication, focus strategy elements. We're really, really happy [00:50:00] to speak to businesses and individuals about that as well. I think that was one of the things that I want to get across from this is it's all about communication.[00:50:09] Some people have got some fantastic ideas, but don't know how to execute them. It doesn't have to be as expensive or as, as painful or time consuming as you think. Sometimes it's literally about literally visiting the website. Uh. Dropping in inquiry, you'll actually see on our website, we've got, um, our products as a section, and then you can actually see, um, some of the case studies and some of the work that we've done with clients.[00:50:39] Um, sorry, our work, you'll see that there's quite a few of the case studies and digital marketing activities and campaigns that we've done. So it kind of brings it to life for quite a few of the people that I've spoken to recently, when they actually go and have a look at our work on the website, they go, okay, so that's what you did for the [00:51:00] crowdfunding company.[00:51:00] Okay. So that's how you would do a Facebook sponsored advertising campaign, which isn't just a couple of posts. This is what you would do in the space of developing an integrated marketing campaign across various channels, and it kind of brings it to life, Dave. So yeah, I would recommend having a look at our website and giving us a call.[00:51:22] David: [00:51:22] Definitely. We've got links to your site and all of your social channels on our website. So if anyone watching this or listening to this wants to find you easily, we've got all of the links that they'll need.[00:51:35]Wayne: [00:51:35] Perfect. Appreciate that.[00:51:37] David: [00:51:37] Amazing. Cheers for your time Wayne.[00:51:38] Wayne: [00:51:38] You too.[00:51:40] David: [00:51:40] Bye[00:51:41] Wayne: [00:51:41] Bye. [00:52:00]  

Welcome to episode 79. Today I am joined by Maria Evans aka @theteencoach for a deeply powerful conversation about grief, the nurturing impact of holding space and supporting teenagers to begin to navigate life using their own inner GPRS.   Full show notes available here.

 In this episode, Ravi and Leo discussed about the history of wireless technology development in India. Following points are covered in the discussion. Key Points: Ancient Day Communications: Dove, Drum and Horse Rider. World War 2 Innovations. Morse Code. Late 80's Communication: Analog, Telephone Operator. Late 90's Communication: Pager (How it worked, what is the technology). 1G - AMPS (American Mobile Communication Service) - Analog Wireless Communication - Pros and Cons. Early 2000: 2G - Message + Voice Call, Later Data (GSM, Edge, GPRS, CDMA, TDS-CDMA, CDMA 2K) - Protocol and Design Stages. 3G - Message + Voice Call + Larger Data, Later Video Call (WCDMA, HSUPA, HSDPA). What is GSM technology’s special? What is Bandwidth? What is CDMA Technology? Battery drain issue in 3G Technology. WiMax - High throughput and power (battery) enhancements. OFDM Technology (Orthogonal Frequency). PAPR Issues and PA Dynamic Range Failure. 2010 Onwards: 4G- PAPR and PA Issues Resolved, SFDMA (synchronous frequency division multiple access) Technology. 5G - NR - Data transfer Rate is too high, Technology support for IoT, Home Automation and Automated Smart Homes. Expected release date. 6G - GFDM (Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing) Technology - throughput and challenges, Applications AR, VR. Whether signal strength will be good under tower? How Tower-Tower communication happens? How many active users a single tower can hold? What do we have in SIM card? Security Concerns: Encrypted Message, Internal protocol definition will take care of it. Always new inventions are vulnerable, over the time it will get matured. CDMA Patent Held by Hedy Lamarr and composer George Antheil: https://www.qualcomm.com/invention/stories/world-changing-technology. New episodes are published in every Tuesday! If you enjoy listening, please share with your friends. For more information, please visit: www.rustyscience.in, or drop a mail to info@rustyscience.in. Doubts and clarifications can be discussed in the blog post comment section. Host: leo. Ravi: FacebookLanguage: Tamil. Cover: Rise of Communication in India.

Peter Rosewarne has 44 years of experience in, e.g. groundwater resource evaluation and development, mine groundwater management, subsurface contamination, landfills, specialist reports for EIAs and licensing reports for nuclear sites. He also has a proven track record of reviewing, editing and producing high quality reports for clients such as the Department of Water Affairs, Eskom, Shell, Chevron, Anglo American, Gold 1, Tasman Pacific Minerals and ENSafrica. The quality of a report reflects the quality of the organisation producing it or for whom it is produced. During the course of reviewing hundreds of technical reports on the above subjects, it was clear to him that most could have been improved by being subjected to review by a suitably experienced independent peer reviewer. Peter is able to enhance groundwater reports for consultancies before submission to clients or review reports for organisations to ensure that your clients are delivering quality products. Why? The quality of a report reflects the quality of the organisation producing it or for whom it is produced. During the course of reviewing hundreds of technical reports on the above subjects, it was clear that most could have been improved by being subjected to review by a suitably experienced independent peer reviewer. GPRS can enhance groundwater reports for consultancies before submission to clients or review reports for organisations to ensure that your clients are delivering quality products. Benefits 1: Costs: Obtain the services of a highly experienced principal level hydrogeologist as and when needed, at a very competitive cost. 2: No competition: Groundwater Peer Review Services only does peer reviews, by appointment only, and does not tender for groundwater projects. 3: Confidentiality: Sole proprietor. Your report/document review will never be used to market GPRS experience or be divulged to a third party. You can use a GPRS review to address your organisation’s quality control protocol and acknowledge the review or choose not to indicate that any such review has been carried out.

En pleno 2018, cuando el mañana es hoy, he pasado por el horrible trance de agotar la tarifa de datos de mi contrato de telefonía móvil y hoy comparto con vosotros esa angustia tratando de alcanzar el consuelo que en su momento no encontré.Patrocinado por Macnificos en su semana especial del Black Friday, con todos sus rebajas y ofertas disponibles toda la semana, sin esperas. Descúbrelas en https://emilcar.fm/macnificos

En pleno 2018, cuando el mañana es hoy, he pasado por el horrible trance de agotar la tarifa de datos de mi contrato de telefonía móvil y hoy comparto con vosotros esa angustia tratando de alcanzar el consuelo que en su momento no encontré.Patrocinado por Macnificos en su semana especial del Black Friday, con todos sus rebajas y ofertas disponibles toda la semana, sin esperas. Descúbrelas en https://emilcar.fm/macnificos

Byproducts of reading OpenBSD’s netcat code, learnings from porting your own projects to FreeBSD, OpenBSD’s unveil(), NetBSD’s Virtual Machine Monitor, what 'dependency' means in Unix init systems, jailing bhyve, and more. ##Headlines ###The byproducts of reading OpenBSD netcat code When I took part in a training last year, I heard about netcat for the first time. During that class, the tutor showed some hacks and tricks of using netcat which appealed to me and motivated me to learn the guts of it. Fortunately, in the past 2 months, I was not so busy that I can spend my spare time to dive into OpenBSD‘s netcat source code, and got abundant byproducts during this process. (1) Brush up socket programming. I wrote my first network application more than 10 years ago, and always think the socket APIs are marvelous. Just ~10 functions (socket, bind, listen, accept…) with some IO multiplexing buddies (select, poll, epoll…) connect the whole world, wonderful! From that time, I developed a habit that is when touching a new programming language, network programming is an essential exercise. Even though I don’t write socket related code now, reading netcat socket code indeed refresh my knowledge and teach me new stuff. (2) Write a tutorial about netcat. I am mediocre programmer and will forget things when I don’t use it for a long time. So I just take notes of what I think is useful. IMHO, this “tutorial” doesn’t really mean teach others something, but just a journal which I can refer when I need in the future. (3) Submit patches to netcat. During reading code, I also found bugs and some enhancements. Though trivial contributions to OpenBSD, I am still happy and enjoy it. (4) Implement a C++ encapsulation of libtls. OpenBSD‘s netcat supports tls/ssl connection, but it needs you take full care of resource management (memory, socket, etc), otherwise a small mistake can lead to resource leak which is fatal for long-live applications (In fact, the two bugs I reported to OpenBSD are all related resource leak). Therefore I develop a simple C++ library which wraps the libtls and hope it can free developer from this troublesome problem and put more energy in application logic part. Long story to short, reading classical source code is a rewarding process, and you can consider to try it yourself. ###What I learned from porting my projects to FreeBSD Introduction I set up a local FreeBSD VirtualBox VM to test something, and it seems to work very well. Due to the novelty factor, I decided to get my software projects to build and pass the tests there. The Projects https://github.com/shlomif/shlomif-computer-settings/ (my dotfiles). https://web-cpan.shlomifish.org/latemp/ https://fc-solve.shlomifish.org/ https://www.shlomifish.org/open-source/projects/black-hole-solitaire-solver/ https://better-scm.shlomifish.org/source/ http://perl-begin.org/source/ https://www.shlomifish.org/meta/site-source/ Written using a mix of C, Perl 5, Python, Ruby, GNU Bash, XML, CMake, XSLT, XHTML5, XHTML1.1, Website META Language, JavaScript and more. Work fine on several Linux distributions and have https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TravisCI using Ubuntu 14.04 hosts Some pass builds and tests on AppVeyor/Win64 What I Learned: FreeBSD on VBox has become very reliable Some executables on FreeBSD are in /usr/local/bin instead of /usr/bin make on FreeBSD is not GNU make m4 on FreeBSD is not compatible with GNU m4 Some CPAN Modules fail to install using local-lib there DocBook/XSL Does Not Live Under /usr/share/sgml FreeBSD’s grep does not have a “-P” flag by default FreeBSD has no “nproc” command Conclusion: It is easier to port a shell than a shell script. — Larry Wall I ran into some cases where my scriptology was lacking and suboptimal, even for my own personal use, and fixed them. ##News Roundup ###OpenBSD’s unveil() One of the key aspects of hardening the user-space side of an operating system is to provide mechanisms for restricting which parts of the filesystem hierarchy a given process can access. Linux has a number of mechanisms of varying capability and complexity for this purpose, but other kernels have taken a different approach. Over the last few months, OpenBSD has inaugurated a new system call named unveil() for this type of hardening that differs significantly from the mechanisms found in Linux. The value of restricting access to the filesystem, from a security point of view, is fairly obvious. A compromised process cannot exfiltrate data that it cannot read, and it cannot corrupt files that it cannot write. Preventing unwanted access is, of course, the purpose of the permissions bits attached to every file, but permissions fall short in an important way: just because a particular user has access to a given file does not necessarily imply that every program run by that user should also have access to that file. There is no reason why your PDF viewer should be able to read your SSH keys, for example. Relying on just the permission bits makes it easy for a compromised process to access files that have nothing to do with that process’s actual job. In a Linux system, there are many ways of trying to restrict that access; that is one of the purposes behind the Linux security module (LSM) architecture, for example. The SELinux LSM uses a complex matrix of labels and roles to make access-control decisions. The AppArmor LSM, instead, uses a relatively simple table of permissible pathnames associated with each application; that approach was highly controversial when AppArmor was first merged, and is still looked down upon by some security developers. Mount namespaces can be used to create a special view of the filesystem hierarchy for a set of processes, rendering much of that hierarchy invisible and, thus, inaccessible. The seccomp mechanism can be used to make decisions on attempts by a process to access files, but that approach is complex and error-prone. Yet another approach can be seen in the Qubes OS distribution, which runs applications in virtual machines to strictly control what they can access. Compared to many of the options found in Linux, unveil() is an exercise in simplicity. This system call, introduced in July, has this prototype: int unveil(const char *path, const char *permissions); A process that has never called unveil() has full access to the filesystem hierarchy, modulo the usual file permissions and any restrictions that may have been applied by calling pledge(). Calling unveil() for the first time will “drop a veil” across the entire filesystem, rendering the whole thing invisible to the process, with one exception: the file or directory hierarchy starting at path will be accessible with the given permissions. The permissions string can contain any of “r” for read access, “w” for write, “x” for execute, and “c” for the ability to create or remove the path. Subsequent calls to unveil() will make other parts of the filesystem hierarchy accessible; the unveil() system call itself still has access to the entire hierarchy, so there is no problem with unveiling distinct subtrees that are, until the call is made, invisible to the process. If one unveil() call applies to a subtree of a hierarchy unveiled by another call, the permissions associated with the more specific call apply. Calling unveil() with both arguments as null will block any further calls, setting the current view of the filesystem in stone. Calls to unveil() can also be blocked using pledge(). Either way, once the view of the filesystem has been set up appropriately, it is possible to lock it so that the process cannot expand its access in the future should it be taken over and turn hostile. unveil() thus looks a bit like AppArmor, in that it is a path-based mechanism for restricting access to files. In either case, one must first study the program in question to gain a solid understanding of which files it needs to access before closing things down, or the program is likely to break. One significant difference (beyond the other sorts of behavior that AppArmor can control) is that AppArmor’s permissions are stored in an external policy file, while unveil() calls are made by the application itself. That approach keeps the access rules tightly tied to the application and easy for the developers to modify, but it also makes it harder for system administrators to change them without having to rebuild the application from source. One can certainly aim a number of criticisms at unveil() — all of the complaints that have been leveled at path-based access control and more. But the simplicity of unveil() brings a certain kind of utility, as can be seen in the large number of OpenBSD applications that are being modified to use it. OpenBSD is gaining a base level of protection against unintended program behavior; while it is arguably possible to protect a Linux system to a much greater extent, the complexity of the mechanisms involved keeps that from happening in a lot of real-world deployments. There is a certain kind of virtue to simplicity in security mechanisms. ###NetBSD Virtual Machine Monitor (NVVM) NetBSD Virtual Machine Monitor The NVMM driver provides hardware-accelerated virtualization support on NetBSD. It is made of an ~MI frontend, to which MD backends can be plugged. A virtualization API is provided in libnvmm, that allows to easily create and manage virtual machines via NVMM. Two additional components are shipped as demonstrators, toyvirt and smallkern: the former is a toy virtualizer, that executes in a VM the 64bit ELF binary given as argument, the latter is an example of such binary. Download The source code of NVMM, plus the associated tools, can be downloaded here. Technical details NVMM can support up to 128 virtual machines, each having a maximum of 256 VCPUs and 4GB of RAM. Each virtual machine is granted access to most of the CPU registers: the GPRs (obviously), the Segment Registers, the Control Registers, the Debug Registers, the FPU (x87 and SSE), and several MSRs. Events can be injected in the virtual machines, to emulate device interrupts. A delay mechanism is used, and allows VMM software to schedule the interrupt right when the VCPU can receive it. NMIs can be injected as well, and use a similar mechanism. The host must always be x8664, but the guest has no constraint on the mode, so it can be x8632, PAE, real mode, and so on. The TSC of each VCPU is always re-based on the host CPU it is executing on, and is therefore guaranteed to increase regardless of the host CPU. However, it may not increase monotonically, because it is not possible to fully hide the host effects on the guest during #VMEXITs. When there are more VCPUs than the host TLB can deal with, NVMM uses a shared ASID, and flushes the shared-ASID VCPUs on each VM switch. The different intercepts are configured in such a way that they cover everything that needs to be emulated. In particular, the LAPIC can be emulated by VMM software, by intercepting reads/writes to the LAPIC page in memory, and monitoring changes to CR8 in the exit state. ###What ‘dependency’ means in Unix init systems is underspecified (utoronto.ca) I was reading Davin McCall’s On the vagaries of init systems (via) when I ran across the following, about the relationship between various daemons (services, etc): I do not see any compelling reason for having ordering relationships without actual dependency, as both Nosh and Systemd provide for. In comparison, Dinit’s dependencies also imply an ordering, which obviates the need to list a dependency twice in the service description. Well, this may be an easy one but it depends on what an init system means by ‘dependency’. Let’s consider ®syslog and the SSH daemon. I want the syslog daemon to be started before the SSH daemon is started, so that the SSH daemon can log things to it from the beginning. However, I very much do not want the SSH daemon to not be started (or to be shut down) if the syslog daemon fails to start or later fails. If syslog fails, I still want the SSH daemon to be there so that I can perhaps SSH in to the machine and fix the problem. This is generally true of almost all daemons; I want them to start after syslog, so that they can syslog things, but I almost never want them to not be running if syslog failed. (And if for some reason syslog is not configured to start, I want enabling and starting, say, SSH, to also enable and start the syslog daemon.) In general, there are three different relationships between services that I tend to encounter: a hard requirement, where service B is useless or dangerous without service A. For instance, many NFS v2 and NFS v3 daemons basically don’t function without the RPC portmapper alive and active. On any number of systems, firewall rules being in place are a hard requirement to start most network services; you would rather your network services not start at all than that they start without your defenses in place. a want, where service B wants service A to be running before B starts up, and service A should be started even if it wouldn’t otherwise be, but the failure of A still leaves B functional. Many daemons want the syslog daemon to be started before they start but will run without it, and often you want them to do so so that at least some of the system works even if there is, say, a corrupt syslog configuration file that causes the daemon to error out on start. (But some environments want to hard-fail if they can’t collect security related logging information, so they might make rsyslogd a requirement instead of a want.) an ordering, where if service A is going to be started, B wants to start after it (or before it), but B isn’t otherwise calling for A to be started. We have some of these in our systems, where we need NFS mounts done before cron starts and runs people’s @reboot jobs but neither cron nor NFS mounts exactly or explicitly want each other. (The system as a whole wants both, but that’s a different thing.) Given these different relationships and the implications for what the init system should do in different situations, talking about ‘dependency’ in it systems is kind of underspecified. What sort of dependency? What happens if one service doesn’t start or fails later? My impression is that generally people pick a want relationship as the default meaning for init system ‘dependency’. Usually this is fine; most services aren’t actively dangerous if one of their declared dependencies fails to start, and it’s generally harmless on any particular system to force a want instead of an ordering relationship because you’re going to be starting everything anyway. (In my example, you might as well say that cron on the systems in question wants NFS mounts. There is no difference in practice; we already always want to do NFS mounts and start cron.) ###Jailing The bhyve Hypervisor As FreeBSD nears the final 12.0-RELEASE release engineering cycles, I’d like to take a moment to document a cool new feature coming in 12: jailed bhyve. You may notice that I use HardenedBSD instead of FreeBSD in this article. There is no functional difference in bhyve on HardenedBSD versus bhyve on FreeBSD. The only difference between HardenedBSD and FreeBSD is the aditional security offered by HardenedBSD. The steps I outline here work for both FreeBSD and HardenedBSD. These are the bare minimum steps, no extra work needed for either FreeBSD or HardenedBSD. A Gentle History Lesson At work in my spare time, I’m helping develop a malware lab. Due to the nature of the beast, we would like to use bhyve on HardenedBSD. Starting with HardenedBSD 12, non-Cross-DSO CFI, SafeStack, Capsicum, ASLR, and strict W^X are all applied to bhyve, making it an extremely hardened hypervisor. So, the work to support jailed bhyve is sponsored by both HardenedBSD and my employer. We’ve also jointly worked on other bhyve hardening features, like protecting the VM’s address space using guard pages (mmap(…, MAPGUARD, …)). Further work is being done in a project called “malhyve.” Only those modifications to bhyve/malhyve that make sense to upstream will be upstreamed. Initial Setup We will not go through the process of creating the jail’s filesystem. That process is documented in the FreeBSD Handbook. For UEFI guests, you will need to install the uefi-edk2-bhyve package inside the jail. I network these jails with traditional jail networking. I have tested vnet jails with this setup, and that works fine, too. However, there is no real need to hook the jail up to any network so long as bhyve can access the tap device. In some cases, the VM might not need networking, in which case you can use a network-less VM in a network-less jail. By default, access to the kernel side of bhyve is disabled within jails. We need to set allow.vmm in our jail.conf entry for the bhyve jail. We will use the following in our jail, so we will need to set up devfs(8) rules for them: A ZFS volume A null-modem device (nmdm(4)) UEFI GOP (no devfs rule, but IP assigned to the jail) A tap device Conclusion The bhyve hypervisor works great within a jail. When combined with HardenedBSD, bhyve is extremely hardened: PaX ASLR is fully applied due to compilation as a Position-Independent Executable (HardenedBSD enhancement) PaX NOEXEC is fully applied (strict W^X) (HardenedBSD enhancement) Non-Cross-DSO CFI is fully applied (HardenedBSD enhancement) Full RELRO (RELRO + BINDNOW) is fully applied (HardenedBSD enhancement) SafeStack is applied to the application (HardenedBSD enhancement) Jailed (FreeBSD feature written by HardenedBSD) Virtual memory protected with guard pages (FreeBSD feature written by HardenedBSD) Capsicum is fully applied (FreeBSD feature) Bad guys are going to have a hard time breaking out of the userland components of bhyve on HardenedBSD. :) ##Beastie Bits GhostBSD 18.10 has been released Project Trident RC3 has been released The OpenBSD Foundation receives the first Silver contribution from a single individual Monitoring pf logs gource NetBSD on the RISC-V is alive The X hole Announcing the pkgsrc-2018Q3 release (2018-10-05) NAT performance on EdgeRouter X and Lite with EdgeOS, OpenBSD, and OpenWRT UNIX (as we know it) might not have existed without Mrs. Thompson Free Pizza for your dev events Portland BSD Pizza Night: Nov 29th 7pm ##Feedback/Questions Dennis - Core developers leaving illumOS? Ben - Jumping from snapshot to snapshot Ias - Question about ZFS snapshots Send questions, comments, show ideas/topics, or stories you want mentioned on the show to feedback@bsdnow.tv

Leute ich sag wies ist - ich sitz hier in nem Backstage am (schlechten) Ende von Deutschland und versuch seit 3 Stunden den Podcast hochzuladen während mein Handy zwischen Edge und GPRS hin und hertänzelt und MIR PLATZT HIER GLEICH DER GEDULDSKRAGEN! Achja.. in der Folge gehts um Babyeulen und geile Drohnenfahrten in Athen. Ab jetzt kommt alles wieder pünktlich Samstag um 11 - Like wers kennt.

Retroavsnitt med återblickar till 2000-talets början med hjälp av tidningen Mobil. Vi hittar våra första telefoner, minns teknikerna som användes och hittar både det ena och andra från denna tiden som vi hunnit glömma. Länkar: Bildalbum Kontakt: Prylpodden@gmail.com Facebook Instagram

Ur veckans avsnitt: Jocke har bytt mikrofon! Vilken är den hårdast arbetande podcasten därute? Josefsson! BBS-kultur från förr Fredrik fastnade på tåget -> användarträffar Såååå 2008: Beställa bläckpatroner till skrivare Microsoft sätter ännu en spik i kistan som är Windows Phone: Skype For Business försvinner Linus Tech Tips fick inte reparera sin iMac Pro Billig Ipod -> bluetooth-adapter: äntligen kom den fram! Borde vi ha sponsorer? Vad säger lyssnarna? Jocke startar retroforum och hoppar av Facebook samtidigt, ångrar ingenting Wild wild country: måste-måste-se-serie på Netflix Smiley genomför Ludum dare igen. Det är coolt Länkar Samson Q1U - Jockes nya gamla mikrofon James Brown Thomann Yeti Josefsson, med mera GPRS Kapten Haddocks samlade svordomar Kalle Sändare Kalle Sändare plus Josefsson Steam hotel Valve TimeEdit Microsoft tar bort Skype for business från Windows phone Linus tech tips Linus och hans Imac Adaptern Jocke köpte Vintagedatorer Phpbb Nodebb Node Discourse Docker Flarum Vanilla Asmbb Phorum Muut Forever Gubbdata Keybase Wild wild country Osho Ludum dare Golfz - Smileys senaste Ludum dare-spel Allo ENJOY YOUR MEAL Fullständig avsnittsinformation finns här: https://www.bjoremanmelin.se/podcast/avsnitt-121-inte-tillrackligt-mycket-valve.html.

Zello is about voice communication without calls, instant messaging without typing. That is that Zello does voice communication uses less bandwidth than phone, just like a text. So instant two way communication works when cell phones may not. Group communication with Zello is just as easy — everybody participates at his own pace and the entire group stays tuned, without interrupting their normal activity. Public safety services use this method for ages and there is a good reason for that. It simply works. Zello is based on p2p-architecture, which allows scaling easily, and proprietary protocols optimized for real-time communication over low-bandwidth and high-latency connections such as GPRS or EDGE  Links www.emweekly.com www.titanhst.com www.zello.com Linked In: https://www.linkedin.com/company/2478568/ Twitter: @zello http://blog.basecampconnect.com/english/3-emergency-managers-you-should-follow-on-linkedin-part-2  

曾经是运动品格SportsChar创始人；成都九鼎瑞信网络技术有限公司技术主管；Motorola摩托罗拉成都分公司软件工程师 ；川大智胜软件股份有限公司 软件工程师；空管ATC系统、四川移动省公司GPRS流量经验、智能分析系统技术主管；天津市首届华晨杯足球赛第8名，现在是麦壳少儿编程空间联合创始人。本期「学霸百宝箱」有幸邀请到赵兴华为大家分享一些自己对教育的看法。

Hiking, back-country skiing and mountain climbing are not usually the first things associated with Japan. Japan, however, has some stunning natural beauty and Yoshihio Haruyama of Yamap is trying to get more and more people to appreciate that. Yamap is a mobile app that allows hikers, back-country skiers and other outdoorsmen to know exactly where they are even when they are well outside of areas cell-phone reception, and the platform is also providing Japan’s outdoor enthusiasts with a way of connecting to each other. Yoshi also explains how relatively young Yamap managed to negotiate OEM deals with both Casio and Kyosera, and give practical advice for other startups hoping to partner up with large Japanese firms. It’s a great discussion and I think you’ll enjoy it. Show Notes for Startups Why add gamification to a hiking app Why Yamap had to pursue multiple monitazation strategies What a startup needs to know to work with a large Japanese brand Why going global might require a business model pivot There are important differences between hikers in the US and Japan The importance of inbound tourism for outdoor activities in Japan How the Fukuoka startup scene is different from Tokyo Links from the Founder Everything you wanted to know about Yamap See a demo video of Yamap in English Check out Yoshi on Tumbler Follow him on twitter @haruyamayoshi Friend him on Facebook [shareaholic app="share_buttons" id="7994466"] Leave a comment Transcript from Japan   Disrupting Japan episode 75.   Welcome to Disrupting Japan- straight talk from japan’s most successful entrepreneurs. I’m Tim Romero, and thanks for joining me. Ah, the great outdoors, it is something that nerds like me do not get enough of, especially living here in Tokyo. Yoshi Haruyama of Yamap is starting to change that. Yamap is a mobile app that allows hikers, back country skiers, mountain climbers and other outdoors men to know exactly where they are. Even where they are far, far away from anywhere with cell phone reception, and to share this experience with others and to learn from them. If you are one of our overseas listeners, you might be surprised at how much natural beauty Japan has to offer, and if you are of our listeners in Japan you might be surprised at the average age of Japanese outdoors men. Yamap has also done some OEM deals with Japans largest brands. Yoshi gave us some practical advice on how startups can sell to and work with large Japanese companies on joint projects. Oh and during the interview we talk about a wireless transmission technology called Lora. Just so you know, it is a low power wide coverage network that is useful for transmitting large numbers of very small messages. So, now you will know it when you hear it. Let us hear from our sponsors and get right to the interview.     [pro_ad_display_adzone id="1404"  info_text="Sponsored by"  font_color="grey" ] [Interview] Tim: I am sitting here with Yoshi Haruyama of Yamap, it is an application for hikers and mountaineers and other outdoors men in Japan but Yoshi I’m sure you can explain it a lot better than I can, so, tell us abet about a Yamap, what is it? Yoshi: Yamap is a social GPRS tracking application. You install the Yamap application. You can find where you are without mobile reception, such as mountain or foreign countries. Tim: Who are the main users, is it hikers, is it back country skiers, mountain climbers? Who uses it? Yoshi: The most of our uses are hikers and back country skiers. Tim: Okay let us see, you started the company in 2011 and you launched like two years later, right? You were working on this project for a long time and you digitized a lot of these maps by hand and were like marking the trails yourself earlier on. Was there problem that there just is not digitized information on hiking trails in Japan? Why did you spend so much time having to do it by yourse...

Dr Chris Salierno shares his simple checklist for deciding if an associateship is worth it, his opinions on AEGDs and GPRs and how to structure your associateship relationship. Download the bonus for this episode: Dr. Salierno's Advice to New Grads Dr. Salierno writes both for his personal blog, The Curious Dentist and as the editor of Dental Economics magazine. Chris Salierno, DDS, is an internationally-recognized author and lecturer. His audiences include dentists, dental students, office managers, and hygienists. His areas of expertise include practice management, leadership development, implant prostheses, occlusion, and cosmetic dentistry. < NOTE: If these links aren't working for you, see the full show notes and links at sharedpractices.com/podcast/1-6 >

En este capitulo te presentamos los sistemas de comunicación inalámbricas que tan necesarias se están haciendo para la comunicación entre dispositivos y la necesidad de enviar la información a Internet para que esta pueda ser procesada ya sea por otro dispositivo o por cualquier software de gestión.Pero como siempre, si quieres contactar con nosotros lo puedes hacer de diferentes maneras, a través del formulario de contacto, en el e-mail info@programarfacil.com, en Twitter (@programarfacilc) o en Facebook. También puedes mantenerte al día a través de la lista de distribución.Antes de empezar en materia nos es grato comunicarte las fechas de lanzamiento de nuestro primer curso para aprender a programar. La preventa saldrá el día 8 de febrero con descuento para los suscriptores y el curso estará disponible a partir del 7 de Marzo. En este curso aprenderás a programar con Scracth y Snap! de una forma muy divertida y entretenida e iremos viendo como utilizar Arduino y sus componentes y programarlos con estas plataformas. Pero esto solo es el principio, ya estamos pensando en el curso de continuación.Y vamos a la materia que nos toca hoy, la expansión de las redes inalámbricas se debe, como hemos dicho al principio, a la necesidad de comunicación entre los dispositivos y enviar esta información a internet. Como consecuencia, los dispositivos (las cosas) deben integrar un sistema de comunicación y la tendencia es que esta sea una red inalámbrica. En el artículo del viernes vimos muchas de las tecnologías que hoy vamos a ver enfocado pero ahí lo enfocamos a Arduino y hoy lo veremos de forma genérica.En este capitulo describiremos un poco mejor estas tecnologías y también hablaremos de otros dispositivos que se caracterizan porque sus interfaces permiten conexiones directas a los microcontroladores y especialmente a la plataforma Arduino.Antes de empezar con la tecnología tenemos que tener claro el concepto de electromagnetismo:Fundamentos asentados por FaradayY formulados bajo las cuatro ecuaciones de MaxwellTecnlogías inalámbricas:Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)Esta tecnología se introdujo inicialmente para la identificación y seguimiento de objetos a través de pequeños chips electrónicos denominados etiquetas. Por ejemplo el pago automático en los peajes o el SATE, el Sistema Atuomático de Tratamiento de EquipajesSe componen de un circuito integrado (almacenar y procesar información), un transductor radio y una antena.Existen tres tipos:Pasiva: No tienen fuente de alimentación (batería) y por lo tanto no pueden transmitir información. Se activan a través del lector RFID y transmiten solo una pequeña información como el identificador del objeto.Activa: Tiene su propia batería y pueden transmitir información de forma continua.Híbrida (BAP): Lleva batería, pero solo transmite información en presencia de un lector RFIP. La batería ayuda a transmitir la información en distancias más largas que la del tipo pasiva.Al final este dispositivo la información que nos envia es un identificador único para cada objeto.Debido a su bajo coste, alta movilidad y la eficiencia en los dispositivos es una tecnología a tener en cuenta para el IoTComo inconvenientes para el IoT no podemos comunicar con Internet directamente, no puede establecer conexión a través de una puerta de enlace. Y la proximidad del dispositivo de lectura también es otro inconveniente.Podemos conectar un dispositivo RFID con Arduino a través del puerto serie.BluetoothTodos utilizamos esta tecnología sobre todo con nuestro movil: manos libres, auriculares inalámbricos, transferencia de archivos…Bluetooth es una tecnología estándar para el intercambio de datos a través de distancias cortas creando redes de área personal.Utilizar transmisiones de radio de onda corta en la banda 2400 hasta 2480 MHzCuriosidad: El nombre proviene de la traducción al inglés de un rey DanésSe suele utilizar para la conexión entre pares de dispositivosEste dispositivo es eficaz para el IoT, debido a que ha sido una de los primeros protocolos de comunicación inalámbricas con un consumo de energía bajoSin embargo no se puede no se puede conectar directamente a Internet, necesitamos un intermediario, un PC por ejemplo, que actuará como conexión a InternetArduino:Modulos de BluetoothArduino 101ZigBee Se basa en el estándar IEEE 802.15.4Estandar abierto para abordar las necesidades únicas de bajo costo, redes inalámbricas de bajo consumo para la comunicación entre dispositivos (maquina a maquina o redes M2M)Es muy similar al Bluetooth aunque se diferencia:Admite más nodos (más dispositivos en una red)Mejor eficiencia energetica (Menor consumo)Mayor alcance (300m)Permite la red de pares de dispositivos (Igual)Menor velocidad Bluetooth 3000 Kbs ZigBee 250 kbs. Por eso este sistema no se ha llevado a los móviles y se utiliza en la comunicación entre dispositivos (por ej. Domótica)Al igual que Bluetooth requiere un dispositivo con accesso a Internet (un PC)Arduino: Módulos XBeeWiFiLa más conocida de todas y seguramente la más usual en vuestras casas. Seguramente ahora mismo estas conectados a una red de este tipoEstándar IEEE 802.11xLos módulos WiFi disponibles comercialmente se pueden integrar directamente en los dispositivos del IoT y proporcionan conectividad inmediata.La principal ventaja sobre las otras tecnologías a parte de conectar directamente con Internet es que esta conexión es muy fácil de establecer.Inconveniente, esta tecnología no se pensó para las redes IoT por lo que consume demasiado.Arduino:Shield o módulo wifiESP8266Arduino YunArduino MKR1000Enlaces de radiofrecuencia (RF Links )Otra opción es conectar dispositivos mediante interfaces de radio frecuencia simple.Es ideal cuando el tamaño importa, es pequeño y baratoProporciona un alcance de comunicaciones entre 100m y 1km dependiendo de la potencia de transmisión y de la antena que se utilice.Alcanza una velocidad de datos hasta 1 MbpsEstos módulos se pueden conectar a microcontroladores a través del puerto serie pero no proporcionan ninguna aplicación del protocolo de comunicación TCP/IP. De nuevo tenemos problemas para conectarlos a InternetRedes móvilesCon estas redes hablamos de acceder a Internet desde un dispositivo móvil, como un smartphone, tablet, portátil, … a través de una red de banda ancha.Tenemos muchos estándares con esta tecnología:GPRS (80 Kbps)3G4GProporcionan conectividad directa a Internet a diferentes velocidades según la tecnología. Desde 80 Kbps de la GPRS a unos pocos Mbps de la 3G y 4GDebido a la complejidad del protocolo, la codificación de la información y los requisitos de señal alta de recepción esta tecnología tiene un alto consumo de batería.Es una buena opción para el IoT ya que conectamos directamente con Internet.En Arduino tenemos varios módulos con GPRS¿Cual es la mejor par mi red IoT?Depende de varios factores:MovilidadAlcance de la redConsumo de energíaTamañoCosteSi el dispositivo está fijo:El cableado sería la mejor opción (Ethernet)Si carecemos de la infraestructura o el dispositivo esta en movimiento:WiFi, movil o ZigBee. La RFID requiere mucho esfuerzo en la creación de un protocolo de comunicación. ZigBee, requiere una puerta de enlace para proporcionar conexión a Internet, pero tiene un bajo consumo y buen alcance. La WiFi proporciona acceso directo a internet (si hay WiFi disponible) pero consume mucha energía y cuando la única infraestructura disponible es la móvil, es la uncia opción que nos queda.El Recurso del díaLa Hora MakerHoy os hablamos de un podcast dirigido por Cesar García (@elsatch) donde trata la actualidad del mundo Maker. Cesar comparte su experiencia como miembro del Internet Society, organización global dedicada a que Internet siga siendo libre y co-fundador del Markespace Madrid, espacio dedicado a la fabricación digital. Combina entrevistas con gente del movimiento Maker y DIY, con ifnormación de eventos y lanzamientos. Si quieres ser un verdadero Maker debes escucharlo. Desde aquí le ofrecemos que un día venga a contarnos cosas interesantes del mundo Maker.Muchas gracias a todos por los comentarios y valoraciones que nos hacéis en iVoox, iTunes y en Spreaker, nos dan mucho ánimo para seguir con este proyecto.

TOP STORIES China starts dumping US Treasury Debt. The International Monetary Fund (i.e. the IMF), has issued a warning of fresh shocks to the local financial stability. Ben Bernanke states “the Fed should have abandoned inflation targeting.” Starbuck’s hires a full-time CTO The US Marshals Service is preparing to auction the left over 44,341 Bitcoin from the Silk Road Former Citibank CEO Vikram Pandit has invested in TransferWise WorldBank has issued a warning that low oil prices would result in reduced remittances from the Middle East to South Asia SynapsePay a US based a fintech company in the payments spaced just announced all ACH transactions on their branded service are 100% free. PODCAST OPINION Yesterday, I and my co-host Mike Townsend from our weekly podcast of Around The Coin had the opportunity to interview Peter Ohser, EVP Business Development at MoneyGram. We probed Peter about MoneyGram, and how it sees the P2P, B2C, and B2B sector along with some hard questions on Bitcoin and remittances. You can listen to that episode on www.AroundTheCoin.com DID YOU KNOW Every Wednesday, I’ll make a mention of a single startup in the financial space, so, the selected candidate for today is Bridg, that is bridge spelt without the “e” (B-r-i-d-g). Bridg is a mobile-wallet payment app that uses bluetooth and/or Internet (via GPRS) to make effortless payments. The company is based out of Dubai and the product, well, you just have to see to believe it.

Voce del Glossario a cura di Catia Ziggiotto GEOPOSIZIONAMENTO Geo è primo elemento di molte parole composte derivate dal greco o formate nella terminologia scientifica, significa “terra”, “superficie terrestre”. Posizionamento indica la collocazione in un luogo appropriato in base a determinati criteri. Geoposizionamento significa collocazione di un dato elemento sulla superficie terrestre in base a coordinate spaziali. Il geoposizionamento permette di informare la gente di dove ti trovi, di vedere mappata a colpo d’occhio la presenza nel territorio. Un utilizzo innovativo di geoposizionamento si riscontra nel campo della telefonia mobile. I nuovi modelli di telefonia mobile dispongono di un sensore GPS integrato in grado di rendere disponibili i dati di posizionamento rilevati dal GPS per tutte le altre applicazioni installate nel dispositivo. E’ possibile posizionare le proprie foto sopra le mappe mondiali, vedere la posizione geografica dei vostri amici, condividere le immagini dei luoghi, realizzare e salvare mappe per definire percorsi. Il formato tipico per le foto digitali è il JPEG, in realtà il vero formato utilizzato per le foto digitali si chiama EXIF. Un EXIF è a tutti gli effetti un normale JPEG, contiene tuttavia molte informazioni extra che in un JPEG-base sono del tutto assenti. Sia i JPEG-base che i JPEG-EXIF utilizzano come suffisso .jpg oppure .jpeg. Riassumendo, possiamo dire che: un JPEG-base contiene semplicemente un’immagine compressa; un JPEG-EXIF contiene un’immagine compressa, ma in aggiunta contiene anche un set strutturato di metadati che forniscono ulteriori informazioni relative all’immagine. La presenza dei dati di posizione nelle immagini è una novità che consente una diversa gestione nell’utilizzo quotidiano delle foto digitali, permette di aggiungere funzioni ai software di archiviazione e gestione, sia sul pc locale dell’utilizzatore che su web, tramite siti e servizi appositi. Ricordiamo alcuni software per gestire le foto JPEG-EXIF Flickr, in grado di archiviare/condividere immagini on line Google Picasa Web Album – permette di archiviare le foto e posizionarle sulla mappa di Google. Oggi il geoposizionamento è una pratica molto comune grazie alla convergenza tra le tecnologie GPRS e gli smartphone che permettono a viaggiatori e ai turisti di ottenere informazioni fotografiche e audiovisive in tempo reale sui luoghi in cui stanno transitando.

"The biggest and most involved discussions at the recent Cairo training were concerned with issues about the problems that carriers are facing with the “leading edge” business model deployments, specifically the almost epidemic of CAMEL Fraud and Revenue Loss conditions, and the utter chaos that seems to be surrounding GPRS and billing for it." GRAPA president Rob Mattison discusses who will be best equipped to handle new technology. Will it be you?

Chrome OS is getting closer. The hunt for your mom's desktop? The bigger story is that 5 years ago your OS was Windows or Mac OS. Today there's a huge variety in operating systems. Chrome aims to appeal to the light user. Android is an OS that works on a phone, but might appear in tablets sooner rather than later. Will Doyle move to Android? No he's tied to the Apple ecosystem. If you're new to smart phones, it's a good option, but nowhere near as polished as iPhone. It's like Mac OS X vs Linux. They're mostly the same, but the experience belongs to Apple. Someone from Microsoft said they took some ideas from OS X. OS feature borrowing makes the industry better. Google's trajectory has been to be the OS, with a network front end with the ability to move to another computer without hassle. Most Google apps have offline support, so an internet connection is required.Facebook worms show up every now and then and people send emails asking you not to click on links. URL shorteners lead us to trust. Learn to look both ways before you cross the internet. Trust no one, especially if it just looks wrong. Don't enter your user name and password promiscuously. A Doyle rant occurs. It's like the AOLification of the internet, but in social media. The internet with training wheels. Let's lower the wheels. The virus and the worm have been focused on the desktop, now they're moving to the cloud. What's the point of these attacks? Are these genuine/real hackers doing this stuff just for fun? If the URL you just logged in to isn't the right page, change your password on the real site immediately. Job's big bag of hurt comment. On to Doyle's AT&T rant. iPhone rant. As a system/network administrator, if you do unsupported things, unsupported things will happen. Why do people jailbreak? To use the iPhone on another carrier? What if Apple forced you to use Earthlink or you can't get on the internet. The mobile industry is different of course. Lots of people jailbreak to run apps that Apple won't let in to the App Store. Doyle's argument is bogus. Carrier lock isn't unique to Apple and AT&T (the DROID is only Verizon and CDMA, eek). There must be business reasons for the US lock. Doyle likes to dislike AT&T. There is complete freedom in Europe (really?). Doyle would rather pay more for his hardware to ensure carrier freedom. Channels have moved away from movie lock to original content locks. Doyle likes the integration with his technology ecosystem. (Someone, please gawd, let Doyle have choice. Thanks.) We're all having problems with our connectivity. We're complaining because we have no choice. Who can we fire over this? No one. The whole system is fubar. AT&T has seen a 5000% increase in network traffic. Doyle thinks they (AT&T and Apple) should have see this coming and planned for it. AT&T still calls Doyle trying to sell business service. AT&T has invested 62 million in San Francisco over the last few months. Michael doesn't have data problems, and doesn't care that he's paying for 3G. Most of the stuff I do on the phone works fine with EDGE (Twitter/Facebook, etc.) A GPRS icon appeared in the status bar at the top of the screen. It's a small circle. GPRS > EDGE > 3G. Michael rarely uses the phone as a phone. It's like buying a Ferrari with a 65mph limiter. Apple has new ads poking fun at CDMA 3G for not being able to use voice and data simultaneously. Apple doesn't mention that you have the same limitation with the EDGE network. LOL? What gives? AT&T and Verizon are fighting each other, is that best for the consumer? Why won't AT&T just fess up and tell people it's improving. Steal Verizon's marketing thunder. Boulder is hilly, it's difficult. AT&T won't come clean on the problems.Quick Picks: Doyle picks 1password. Makes it easy to have and store super secure passwords across the desktop and iPhone. http://agilesoftware.com Dave pick the Leatherman tools, the Swiss Army knives of your toolbox. There are tech specific devices too. http://leatherman.com. Michael picks http://bfadds.net - a consolidation of upcoming black friday specials, including scans."Big bag of hurt" is a wrap. Thanks B-Side!

Der Internetanschluss in der Wohnung ist inzwischen gang und gäbe, aber wie sieht es aus, wenn man unterwegs ist? Surfen im Zug, Mails beantworten auf der Alp, all das ist heutzutage möglich. Aber wie hat sich das eigentlich entwickelt? XTaran und Venty beleuchten die rasante Entwicklung der mobilen Datenübertragung. Trackliste Jonathan Coulton – Code Monkey TmX – Last Ninja 1 Remix Makke – Anarchy in the kitchen Nächste Sendung: Samstag, 5. Dezember 2009, 19:00 Uhr Linuxday 2009 :: Der Linuxday in Dornbirn GPG Keysigningparty 2009 :: LUGS Keysigningparty 2009 in Zürich OpenRheinRuhr :: Der Grund für die Vorproduktion Packet Radio :: Wikipedia Eintrag über Packet Radio Pager :: Bilder von Pagern, auch dem erwähnten Motorola Echo Natel :: Nationales Auto-TELefon IrDA :: Infrared Data Association Wireless FAQ :: FAQ zu WAP und WML WAP Symlink :: Symlink über WAP lesen SMS :: Short Message Service Warum nur 160 Zeichen :: Spiegel-Artikel über die Gründe, warum SMS nur 160 Zeichen lang sind. GSM Association :: GSM Abdeckungskarten und Informationen GPRS :: General Packet Radio Service EDGE :: Enhanced Datarates for Global Evolution HSCSD :: High Speed Circuit Switched Data UMTS/HSPA :: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System / High Speed Packet Access Bluetooth :: Offizielle Bluetooth Technologie Seite USB :: Universal Serial Bus Ogo :: Der Ogo, die Mutter der mobilen Datenübertragung Nokia N900 :: Nokia N900 Mobile Multimedia Computer Maemo :: Maemo Infoseite von Nokia Symlink Artikel von 2001 :: Erfahrungsbericht mit mobilem Internet von 2001 File Download (59:44 min / 73 MB)

Der Internetanschluss in der Wohnung ist inzwischen gang und gäbe, aber wie sieht es aus, wenn man unterwegs ist? Surfen im Zug, Mails beantworten auf der Alp, all das ist heutzutage möglich. Aber wie hat sich das eigentlich entwickelt? XTaran und Venty beleuchten die rasante Entwicklung der mobilen Datenübertragung. Trackliste Jonathan Coulton – Code Monkey TmX – Last Ninja 1 Remix Makke – Anarchy in the kitchen Nächste Sendung: Samstag, 5. Dezember 2009, 19:00 Uhr Linuxday 2009 :: Der Linuxday in Dornbirn GPG Keysigningparty 2009 :: LUGS Keysigningparty 2009 in Zürich OpenRheinRuhr :: Der Grund für die Vorproduktion Packet Radio :: Wikipedia Eintrag über Packet Radio Pager :: Bilder von Pagern, auch dem erwähnten Motorola Echo Natel :: Nationales Auto-TELefon IrDA :: Infrared Data Association Wireless FAQ :: FAQ zu WAP und WML WAP Symlink :: Symlink über WAP lesen SMS :: Short Message Service Warum nur 160 Zeichen :: Spiegel-Artikel über die Gründe, warum SMS nur 160 Zeichen lang sind. GSM Association :: GSM Abdeckungskarten und Informationen GPRS :: General Packet Radio Service EDGE :: Enhanced Datarates for Global Evolution HSCSD :: High Speed Circuit Switched Data UMTS/HSPA :: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System / High Speed Packet Access Bluetooth :: Offizielle Bluetooth Technologie Seite USB :: Universal Serial Bus Ogo :: Der Ogo, die Mutter der mobilen Datenübertragung Nokia N900 :: Nokia N900 Mobile Multimedia Computer Maemo :: Maemo Infoseite von Nokia Symlink Artikel von 2001 :: Erfahrungsbericht mit mobilem Internet von 2001 File Download (59:44 min / 73 MB)

A method of data transfer in mobile phone networks

A method of data transfer in mobile phone networks

A method of data transfer in mobile phone networks

Do you NEED to be able to connect to the net always? Do you feel funny when you aren’t near a wi-fi hotspot? Are you outside the range of traditional ADSL and cable but have 3G cellular cover?Does your home or office need a backup broadband service for those frustrating outages? If you’ve answered yes to any of these questions then the new Vodafone USB Stick 3G Modem may be for you. After you've watched the video read our full review of this mini marvel - http://www.automatedhome.co.uk/Reviews/Vodafone-USB-Stick-3G-Modem-Review.html

EP #3 Settings for cell phones in Argentina - Configuraciones GPRS, MMS, E-mail. http://pekerman777.podomatic.com pekerman777@podomatic.com - Basic settings for cell phones who works in Argentina over Movistar Network. GPRS MMS E-mail -Ajustes básicos para teléfonos celulares que trabajan en la red de Movistar en Argentina. GPRS MMS E-mail Music from the Podshow Podsafe Music Network: - Fly Fly Fly, by Adrian Thorpe - I Love The Ways That We Fall Apart, by Led Man @ http://music.podshow.com