Podcasts about cfus

Morning runners will skip a pre-run snack for many reasons: gut comfort, time constraints, or the belief that running fasted will make them faster. For years, fasted running was trendy and even recommended. However, science and training theory evolve, and so we're here to tell you in 2025: fed is fastest, and that includes during training. We address some common misconceptions around fasted running. Does fasted cardio make you a better fat burner - and does that even matter for running performance? Are there any downsides to running without carbs in the tank? We dive into the research around fasted running and make practical recommendations. Whether you are running for health or marathon training, you will want to listen to this episode! In this episode, you will learn:Understanding reasons why runners train fastedThe research behind why fasted running may be holding you backQuick and easy-on-the-stomach pre-run snacksIs it okay to skip fuel for an easy run?Does eating before a run affect training adaptations?How to train your gut to tolerate pre-run eatingIf you enjoyed this episode, you may also like: Hybrid Training as Health Training wiht Dr. Alyssa Olenick (82)Is Sugar Bad for Runners? With Cortney Berling, RD, MPH (98)What to Eat Before Runs, Recovery Nutrition, and Low Energy Availability (76)Ketones, Sodium Bicarb, and Other Supplements for Runners (106)This episode is sponsored by Previnex! Previnex creates clinically effective supplements made with high-quality ingredients. Their probiotic provides 30 million CFUS with six bacteria strains - and unlike other brands, their probiotic works! Use the code treadlightly for 15% off your first order at previnex.com.References: PMID: 32702658PMID: 28012184PMID: 38201996PMID: 33198277PMID: 32021500PMID: 40073985PMID: 39842253PMID: 39840806PMID: 32926647PMID: 33105701PMID: 32079327PMID: 32245088

As biological technologies continue to advance, many growers are exploring how best to integrate them into their farming operations. Nevada Smith, Head of Marketing North America, and Robert Blundell, Research Plant Pathologist, both with Pro Farm Group, highlight the role of biological pesticides and biofertilizers in sustainable winegrowing. Biological pesticides, derived from microbial sources or natural products such as plants, fungi, bacteria, or nematodes, play a crucial role in pest management by inhibiting or delaying growth or directly causing pest mortality. Understanding which biological products to use and when to apply them within an integrated pest management system is essential for maximizing their effectiveness. Biofertilizers, which enhance plant health and resilience to abiotic stresses, are another key tool for sustainable viticulture. Nevada and Robert discuss the growing importance of these technologies in improving soil health and supporting long-term agricultural productivity. Resources:         REGISTER: 5/9/25 Biochar Field Day 117: Grapevine Mildew Control with UV Light 123: What is Happening in Biologicals for Pest Management and Plant Health 266: Soft Pesticide Trial: Powdery Mildew, Downy Mildew, Botrytis, and Sour Rot Healthy Soils Playlist Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Principles ProFarm What are Biopesticides? Vineyard Team Programs: Juan Nevarez Memorial Scholarship - Donate SIP Certified – Show your care for the people and planet   Sustainable Ag Expo – The premiere winegrowing event of the year Vineyard Team – Become a Member Get More Subscribe wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.   Transcript [00:00:00] Beth Vukmanic: As biological technologies continue to advance, many growers are exploring how to best integrate them into their farming operations. [00:00:13] Welcome to Sustainable Wine, growing with Vineyard Team, where we bring you the latest in science and research for the wine industry. I'm Beth Vukmanic, executive director. [00:00:23] In today's podcast, Craig McMillan, critical resource Manager at Niner Wine Estates. With Longtime SIP certified Vineyard in the first ever SIP certified winery speaks with Nevada Smith Head of Marketing North America and Robert Blundell research plant pathologist, both with Pro Farm Group. Together, they highlight the role of biological pesticides and bio fertilizers in sustainable wine. Growing [00:00:49] biological pesticides are derived from microbial sources or natural products such as plants, fungi, bacteria, or nematodes. They play a crucial role in pest management by inhibiting or delaying growth or directly causing pest mortality [00:01:04] Understanding which biological products to use and when to apply them within an integrated pest management system is essential for maximizing their effectiveness. [00:01:13] Bio fertilizers, which enhance plant health and resilience to abiotic stresses are another key tool for sustainable viticulture, Nevada and Robert discussed the growing importance of these technologies and improving soil health and supporting long-term agricultural productivity. [00:01:30] If you're gonna be in Paso Robles, California on May 9th, 2025. Join us at Niner Wine Estates for a Biochar Field day. This interactive morning features live demonstrations and expert discussions on the benefits of biochar for soil health and sustainable farming. Learn how to integrate biochar into your farming operations through practical insights and hands-on experiences. Go to vineyard team.org/events or look for the link in the show notes to get registered. [00:02:00] Now let's listen in.   [00:02:05] Craig Macmillan: My guest today are Nevada Smith. He is Head of Marketing North America and Robert Blundell, who's a research plant pathologist, both with Pro Farm Group. Thank you for being on the podcast [00:02:15] Rob Blundell: Thank you, Craig. [00:02:16] Nevada Smith: Thank you. [00:02:18] Craig Macmillan: Today we're gonna be talking about bio pesticides and we might as well start with the the basics. What is a biological pesticide? Robert, why don't you start? [00:02:26] Rob Blundell: Yeah, that's a good question, Craig. And and you know, honestly, it's. So when I first was kind of thinking about this, it's not as simple explanation as you might think. It's a constantly kind of evolving term and depending on who you are asking, you can get a, a very different answer. And it's, it's really kind of this large umbrella term. [00:02:42] . It's kind of a microbially based product or natural product typically derived from a plant, fungi, bacteria, nematode, you know. That pretty much has the ability to inhibit or delay the growth or, you know, cause the death of a pest. [00:02:56] And you know, with the term biological pesticide, pesticide being extremely broad whether it's, you know, insect, fungi, even rodent, you know, rodent sides, things like that. So yeah, again, it's a very broad term and different, different grooves, different commodities are gonna kind of have their own explanation. [00:03:09] Even the EU has a different, I think definition versus the EPA as well. So it's an evolving, evolving term. [00:03:15] Craig Macmillan: What about you, Nevada? Do you have anything to add to that? [00:03:17] Nevada Smith: I'm kind of with Robert, it's almost like sustainability. What does that mean? It means to me, I get to keep farming every year. But I think for everyone else it might have different definitions. And I think basically the, the premise is, is it's biologically based. It's based on a living organism, something that we can repeat, regrow, and, you know, the societal part of it, bio pesticide, it means it's acting or killing or helping mitigate pest. For proform have a biologically based strategy. And so we, that's what we deliver is those type of tools. [00:03:50] Craig Macmillan: One of the major pets on grapes is powdery mildew. Around the globe. Probably the major pest overall, I would say fungal disease. I have been seeing a lot of increase in the use of bio pesticides specifically for powdery mildew, some in organic systems, some in more traditional sustainability oriented systems. [00:04:09] What kind of mechanisms are there out there in the biological world for managing powdery mildew and how does that, how do they work? Nevada, do you wanna start? [00:04:18] Nevada Smith: Yeah, so for biological pesticides, there's sort of different categories and I'll even. Even throwing some sort of organic pesticides as well into this whole mix. I think as a grower or a wine processor, you have a choice and it's like, either I'm going conventional, I'm looking to maximize my value proposition on my vineyard or my process my wines. And so one of the ways we really think about this is how do you integrate bio pesticides into the overall spray for bio mildew, like our winemaker at our place they always say, Hey, if it's more than 3% power mildew it's a no go. It's a bad day for us. And so for us to take the risk on our farm. For a biologicial pesticide, we had to have some data to really get us excited about it. [00:05:02] Overall, we wanna see performance. We need to see at least seven to 10 days. And I think that's maybe the biggest challenge a powerdy mildew issue is depending on what sort of climate and what variety of grapes you're growing is how long does it take me to get across the vineyard? [00:05:17] It's really what it comes down to. [00:05:18] And you know, maybe from a pathology point of view, Robert has some perspective. [00:05:24] Rob Blundell: The way we want to kind of think about powdery mildew is it's, you know, it's, it's always gonna be there. It's gonna be present. And biologicals, when used in the right way, can be a fantastic you know, tool in the arsenal. For, for growers or farmers against a deadly pathogen like this. [00:05:38] Growers really need to kind of consider the goal of using a biological, because there's so many different mechanisms of action of a biological, I mean, it can be live, it can be live, it can be the, you know, the spent fermentation product of a biological, which is gonna work very differently versus an actual liable organism you're gonna put in your field. [00:05:53] So kind of having a clear mindset from the, from the start is gonna be crucial to knowing. What kind of biological do you use? And also importantly, kind of when to use it as well. Because you can have drastically different outcomes based on like the time of your, you know, the time of venue production and then, and then the time of the season as well. [00:06:09] But yes yeah, ultimately there's broad, broad mechanism of actions. So if we're putting something on there live you know, you know, with something like powder mildew, this, pathogen functions because it attaches onto leaves. So we have these overwintering structures called cassia. [00:06:24] So these are basically the dormant structures that are gonna help powerdy mildew, survive. That's why it's been around for so long. That's why it's, it comes back every year. So it basically shuts down, it's fungal mycelium into these dormant hard structures. And then every year it basically reawakens around spring when we get the rainfall. [00:06:39] So we're gonna get ASCO spores. These are specialized spore structures within that kind of dormant structure. They get released out. So, you know, with the, with the weather coming in this week, that's gonna be, huge out there right now. So we're gonna get the release of those spores. [00:06:51] They're gonna land on that leaf. So really that's kind of our prime target of having protection is when they're gonna be landing and then adhesing to that leaf. So with something like a biological, if we can get that onto that leaf and then, you know, that's kind of our line of defense really. We want to be setting like a line of defense early in the season. [00:07:08] Know we have a product regalia. So that gets on there. It has these antimicrobial compounds, which the first point of contact is gonna. Prevent you know, it's gonna help mitigate that interaction between the leaf and the pathogen acts as kind of that medium layer. And then it's also gonna boost the plant's natural defense. [00:07:24] So how powdery mildew you kind of functions it. Once it gets on that leaf, it has a very specialized structure. Call it, they would call it a whole story or an appium, depending on where you are in the world and specialized structure that will kind of get through that cell wall, under that cell membrane and then sucks out the nutrients from the leaf so we can get a biological on the early to boost that plant defense, boost those, you know, defense fight hormone pathways. [00:07:46] We're gonna kind of mitigate that as a an initial point of contact. And then hopefully that's gonna set us off for a you know, a good season after that. But the time, yeah, the timing is definitely crucial. [00:07:55] Nevada Smith: I think to add to Robert's point is really to start your season off right and clean. So that's why as growers or as winemakers, you choose to use some sulfur to kind of mitigate, which is not necessarily a bio pesticide, but it could be organic, you know, depending on what your source of there. But those tools to me, are foundational for getting a clean start if you start bad, and it's gonna be a hell of a year all year long. [00:08:20] And I think that's the biggest challenge of bio pesticide uses overall is. Where do they fit, what growers they fit in? And it's not a solution for all, for sure. I mean, if you're growing Chardonnay or Pinot Noir on the Sonoma Coast in a foggy bank off of Bodega Bay, tough times, you know? But if you're in Pastor Robles, maybe in the Napa Valley in the valley where it's a little bit drier, you go in cab. Issue. You probably can integrate a nice bio pesticide program into it, and I think that's the secret. [00:08:58] Craig Macmillan: You mentioned regalia. What is the actual ingredient in regalia? What does it come from? [00:09:03] Rob Blundell: Yeah, so for Regalia the active ingredient comes from giant knotweed, so Ray Nectria. So that's a giant knotweed extract essentially that's been procured and then optimized in r and d and then applied typically as a folia spray for, for grape vines. [00:09:17] Craig Macmillan: And then the plant reacts to that, and that's what increases the plant defense mechanism. [00:09:22] Rob Blundell: Yeah, yeah, pretty much. There's kind of a few, few tiers of how, you know, Regilia kind of functions. So yeah, so we do that kind of initial application pretty much as soon as you, you have any green tissue, you know, really that's a great time to kind of get that on there. And then so the plant is gonna respond to that so typically a plant, defence pathway. [00:09:39] We have salicylic acid, so that is a key phyto hormones. So phyto hormones are kind of the driving force behind the plant defense. And this is very, you know, this is typical for all kind of pathogens, all kind of crops really. So you're gonna have a pathogen interact and we'll have its initial interaction with a plant. [00:09:55] And then you're gonna get this initial, like, response straight away from a plan. It's gonna be, Hey, I, my defenses are up. I, I sense this as a foreign agent. Basically I need to, you know, protect myself. So you get this upregulation of fighter hormones. They're very regulated. Pathways that then have these cascading effects to ultimately kind of therefore have longer term defense. [00:10:14] So you have an upregulation of fighter hormones. This is gonna signal to the plant that, Hey, I need to strengthen my cell walls, for example. So I'm gonna send more liening cell lignin being a crucial component a cell. wall . That's something we see upregulated as a result of regalia. So we get that increase in phyto hormones, we'll get lignin sent to the cell wall. [00:10:32] We get an increase in antioxidants as well to kinda help break down the pathogen as well. Limiteds effects we get polyphenols various other kind of antimicrobials as a result. So we have kind of direct effects, but then crucially with regalia, so we're gonna have the plant initially respond to its application, and then when the pathogen does. [00:10:50] Come around for a, an attack. That plan already kind of is, is heightened its responses, it's ready for it, so it's gonna be a faster kind of response time and therefore what we kind of consider more of a, a longer term defense response. [00:11:02] Craig Macmillan: Are there other modes of action, perhaps ones that are live? [00:11:05] Nevada Smith: Yeah. And that, I think that's a great point. Is there, you know, the, the bacillus category has been a big category the last dozen years or so. And this could be anything waiting from a bacillus subtles to bacillus Emli. There's other bacilli out there too. And I think they're more of an integrated approach. [00:11:22] So I conventional our farm vineyards. We're gonna just rotate it in there. So just like if you're straight organic or you're straight bio pesticide, it'd be a regalia, as an example, rotated with a bacillus product. We happen to have one as well, a very nice one called Sargus. But there's other great solutions out there in the marketplace today. There's other living organisms as well. There's some products in the Streptomyces categories as well. They're used in grow rotation, but I think to me as a grower and as a winemaker myself. I'm just looking for integration, IPM strategy all the way along. And depend on how, what your guard rails are for farming that would dictate what your options are overall. [00:12:07] Craig Macmillan: So, , to you, Robert, , how do these actually work? Like bacillus subtilis and things? [00:12:11] How do they actually either prevent or treat powdery mildew in grape. [00:12:15] Rob Blundell: Yeah, good question. So for Bacillus with Star in particular so we're actually not looking to treat powdery mildew kind of outright with this product itself. That's more where regalia is gonna come as a benefit. So actually Bacillus is great for something like botrytis in grapes. So, and this is really, really where we can kind of combine regalia and stargus together for a very effective program. [00:12:34] Kind of a one-two punch. So we, you have a live bacillus product. So we have spores that are gonna colonize a surface. So whether that's being the soil, you know, microbia the leaves or the berries, and with botrytis infecting berries causing damage, necrotic lesions in those berries, that's where something like stargus , a bacillus product can be applied to those berries to effectively colonize it. [00:12:55] And again, kind of creating like a nice. Kind of shield essentially from pretty much all fungal pathogens work the same. They have to attach, then they have to penetrate to essentially, hold on. So if we can kind of form a physical, kind of physical barrier, that's gonna be great. So for a lot of the Bacillus products they produce a suite of antimicrobials. [00:13:13] So star for our company we have a suite of antimicrobials that produces, so we have things like Itur, Phin, these are all really good antimicrobials. They're gonna have a direct effect on it. So those spores will be able to, you know, colonize the berry, for example, and then help Yeah. Prevent prevent powerdy mildew So you have this live culture essentially that's on the grapes and it's producing compounds, and that's where the, the antimicrobial comes in or the antifungal comes in. [00:13:40] Nevada Smith: Yes. And. [00:13:47] So there's two registrations from an EPA standpoint. There's the live bacteria count, which people are familiar with from back in the day when there was bts, right cells ths for worm protection. And so we measure the CFUs, which is a colony forming unit. So the bacteria, and there's a minimum threshold that we have for our product as well as anybody else that registers their bacteria. Just sort of a quality control thing for the grower to know this is the level we produce. What we. Seeing the production for our solution is really around the chemical compounds being created in the fermentation process, this lipopeptides cycle. And so that's what's important to know that there's some differentiation. [00:14:25] And I always use the example, I'm a huge basketball fan and you know, there's a difference between Michael Jordan and myself. I'm not at his level. And so not all bacilli are created equal, but they all do have some performance values for them. And obviously, you know, the more you can look into science and whether it be uc, extension and the Gubler Eskalen models and local trial researchers will give you the value proposition each of these products brings to you. [00:14:50] Craig Macmillan: Now, this is something that I, I don't think I've heard before and I wanna make sure that I heard it correctly. So, some of the protection is actually coming from things that are being produced during the fermentation production of the bacteria themselves. And so these are side things. And then that makes it into the final product. [00:15:05] Nevada Smith: Yeah, that's actually the most important thing on foliar. So holistically for bacillus, and this is a very broad brush here unless you're in a tropical environment like bananas in. Columbia or Costa Rica, you're not growing more spores on the leaf surface. You might have that happen a little bit depending on sort of your micro environments. What you really want is coverage and then that eradicates. [00:15:29] The way that the the bacillus really works, it really pokes holes into the cell wall of power mildew. So that's, and it just kinda leaks out and dies. And so it's botrytis , and or powder mildew. That's the major effects that it has on these pest diseases. [00:15:43] But in those rare examples, I'll tell you, we've seen some results of our products being used in crops and tropical environments. If it can grow, it's creating more value. Now let's talk about something different. You put bacillus. Sargus into the ground in a soil treatment. It has tremendous effects on colonizing around the roots. [00:16:01] And so that's where bacillus is actually known in its natural environment into the soil profile. So that's where we really see that the one two value. Now, that's not what we're using it for in grapes. Grapes, is for foliar control of. And mild diseases. But we have many other crops that we use bacillus for like corn, for root management and prolification around the diseases down there. [00:16:27] Craig Macmillan: Do you have anything to add to that, Robert?  [00:16:29] Rob Blundell: Yeah, so that's, yeah, excellent points from Nevada. So yeah, kind, kind of getting, talking about how we can use bacillus, you know, actually to go into the soil. So something like nematodes, you know, that's, that's a huge issue in grapes always has been. It's where we have, you know, root stocks engineered over the years to have, you know, nematode resistant root stocks. [00:16:43] Again, not, not kind of the primary purpose of what we'd be looking to use stargus, and vineyards, but again, having a soil colonizer is fantastic. You know, a lot of the. The majority of diseases, especially in like the row crops, they're coming from the below ground. You know, you've got the pythium and lettuce. [00:16:57] You've got like sclero, things like that, huge kind of soil-borne pathogens. So again, having something that you can add to the soil, you know, the soil already has its own fantastic suite of, naturally present. You know, bacteria, fungi, that's, you know, like Nevada said, that's what we got ab baus from, stargus from. [00:17:12] So we're just kind of adding to that to kind of help boost the fight. And we can always kind of think of the interaction between pathogens and plants as kind of this arms race. There's a ways, you know, the pathogen kind of gets ahead by evolving slightly, and then you have the ho response from the plant and then the, the microbiome as well. [00:17:27] So we're just trying to kind of tip the scales and our balance is how a good way to kind of think of biologicals as well. And I think as you were mentioning, kind of the, the fermentation process, and that's where we get our microbials from. [00:17:37] Every microbe has primary metabolites. That's what's key to basically the survival of a microbe. But then we have secondary metabolites, and these are very highly specialized products that get produced. For bacillus, during that fermentation process, this is a, you know, these are unique metabolites. You know, metabolites are produced by the majority of. Micros, but the in particular can produce these like fantastic suite of very unique metabolites. So that's where the, a non-life product kind of comes into itself as well. By us able to understand what are those metabolites we're producing same fermentation, can we optimize those? And then do we, do we even need a live product as a result of that? [00:18:12] Craig Macmillan: Um, it sounds like this could have a really dramatic impact or role in fungicide resistance management. I. What is that role? Or are we talking about going over completely to biological for a program or are we including in a rotation with other materials? What about organic growing where we have a, a little smaller suite of things that we can use? [00:18:35] Nevada Smith: , I'll start with that if you don't mind. [00:18:36] I think it's a great question and where I see it fitting is most synthetic pesticides for disease control are really affecting the mitochondria on the inside of the dupo. And where I see it fitting is the sort of one, two, I would say contact plus systemic. That's an a de-risk, your resistance management issues. But B, increase the likelihood that those products work better and longer. [00:19:02] So today we position a product like Sargus other bacillus products in the marketplace to be in combination with a. SDHI chemistry, like Luna would be an example of that, or Pristine. We would see those integrated in the cycle of sprays, which is, it's very similar to why you use sulfur with those products as well. [00:19:23] But I think, you know, as a winemaker, I want less sulfur my crop as possible, but obviously I want, as a farmer too, I want it to be clean as can be. So it's kind of this yin and yang overall. [00:19:33] But for resistance management, I think you have to really think about the whole approach. And once again, back guardrails. Of what your restrictions are for you as a farmer and maybe the winemaker working together with them. How do you really get to the. And, you know, I, it's kind of a joke too, but we talked about earlier the word sustainability be very broad. Stroke. Well, I'm wanna farm into the future years. I wanna have that vineyard for a hundred years and not to replant it. So I'm really trying to keep as clean as possible all the time, especially for the over wintering stuff. And so to me early often protection, control contact plus systemic is the approach that we take at our farm as well. [00:20:10] Craig Macmillan: When we say earlier, are we talking bud break, two inches, four leaves?   [00:20:15] Nevada Smith: For powder. Yeah. But then we could debate, you know, on these opsis issues and can cane issues. [00:20:24] Craig Macmillan: When would I wanna put on a bacillus? [00:20:27] Nevada Smith: I would start with a sulfur spray about bud break here, and then kind of rotate back into the bloom time for the first bloom spray, about 50% bloom, more or less. I kind of time it too, and if it's a little later, I'm okay with that. That would be the major time where I get the first shots on and that we, I would start with regalia, for example, just because it's a different mode of action. And then I'd come back with the bacillus here about seven to 10 days later. [00:20:51] Craig Macmillan: And would you then include synthetic materials as well, I'm assuming. [00:20:55] Nevada Smith: Yeah, on our farm we would typically our biggest issue is getting across the, the vineyard. And so we're looking to start off with a synthetic material first, just so we can get a nice, well, sulfur first, sorry. That probably like A-S-D-H-I chemistry. And then I'd start to think about how can I integrate my approaches to, being softer chemistry based through the rest of the season. [00:21:17] Craig Macmillan: Does that make sense to you, Robert? [00:21:19] Rob Blundell: Yes. And actually I'm just gonna jump back a little bit in our conversation. I just add a few more details kind of on this approach as well. So yeah, a little bit earlier, I kinda mentioned this arms race between the pathogen and the host and, you know, the available treatments that we have and really kind of a huge benefit of. Adding a biological, say, into your conventional program or just introducing more biologicals in general for your, your fungicides is you know, as, as Nata was saying, you know, a lot of the conventional chemistry is targeted in that mitochondria. It's a very specialized kind of function. It's there, it does a great job when it works well, but then. [00:21:51] We get pathogen resistance, obviously. So there's kind of two types of resistance. You get qualitative resistance and quantitative. So qualitative is when there is a kind of sudden or abrupt loss in the ability of say, a fungicide to work. And then you have quantitative where it's kind of more of a gradual decline in effectiveness. [00:22:08] And then you get kind of these varying levels of fungicide sensitivity versus that qualitative where you're having either resistant or a sensitive is isolate. And this. It's great. We're talking about grapes and powerdy mildew, 'cause this is one of like, this is like the classic textbook example. We kind of get taught in pathology about this because powerdy mildew, it has these really quick cycling times, produces a number of generations per season, very easily dispersed. [00:22:28] So this is such a high risk kind of category for this fungicide resistance. So again, if we have just a whole range of availabilities in terms of different fungicide options, you know, chemistry, soft chemistry, biologicals various other options, we're just kind of increasing our chances of really. Just well, and one not having any pathogen resistance. [00:22:49] Because again, as soon as you have that, then you have you, you really lose your options for your chemistries. So again, just, you know, introducing a few biologicals here and there, especially for, you know, grapes on the West coast, which is the amount of sprays we're having to do in other states where you have less sprays, you can kind of get away with kind of not considering your approach a little bit more. [00:23:05] You don't have to kind of. Do your frack checks as much because maybe you're only doing one or two sprays. But here we have to be very, very concerned with our, you know, what products we're using and then at what timing they're using. So again, just having a biological to really kind of take the pressure off some of those chemistries is a, is a huge a huge, valuable source of preserving the life of your chemistry. [00:23:23] And then have, like Nevada said, you know, having sustainable wines for the years to come. [00:23:28] Craig Macmillan: Actually, that made me think of something. Is there a risk of resistance being developed to biological strategies? [00:23:38] Rob Blundell: Yeah, that's, that's a really good question. So yes. [00:23:41] It's kind of a newer question. Yeah. So again, with a lot of these chemistries being very, very site specific function, all you have to do is have a very small mutation in your, say, powerdy mildew, to overcome that. And typically with biologicals, the typically, I say typically the mode of action is a little bit more broad. [00:23:57] So very rarely are you gonna have an extremely like. , so like a lot of the chemistries buy into certain receptors that their job that do that really well. Biologicals don't tend to do that as much. They're more of a broad spectrum. That's why we see a, like for our fungicides, we see a range of control against a lot of different, you know, powerd mildew, we've got ascomiscies,, Presidio, my seeds, they pretty much do well across a range because they are more broad spectrum. [00:24:19] Not to say that in time we're gonna start to see a decline. It's, you know, again, it's kind of really how we consider using them. And we. Whether we wanna like, fully rely on them or hey, that's, let's, let's use more of a, a combined approach. So again, we just really make that sustainable as well. [00:24:33] So kind of to answer your question definitely it comes with risk but kind of inherently due to the more broad spectrum nature of biologicals, we're not too worried about the kind of resistance that we've seen developed as a result of c chemistries in that very, very specific function of a chemistry. [00:24:48] Craig Macmillan: That makes a lot of sense. I know that you had mentioned you're farming in a more traditional fashion, Nevada, but your products, and obviously I know some folks in the organic area. What role do biologicals play in an organic fungicide program? Nevada? [00:25:03] Nevada Smith: I think it's definitely at the core of your foundation of seeing how you are gonna approach powerdy, mildew and botrytus. Is it a typical, you know, seven spray system, which I'd say it's kind of typical for the northern coast markets or the coastal range. Or if you're in the valley floor are you more in that three to five applications for bio pesticides and, and what timing and how you're approaching those things are critical overall to assessing those on the organic. [00:25:30] You don't have to be just organic. You could be, from a theoretical point of view, you can just choose to be this type of farmer, which is, I want to choose softer chemistries. And I think that's the mixed bag that we deal with with customers, a crop and the crop advisors out there. [00:25:44] Rob Blundell: Yeah, and I was gonna say just to kinda add to that as well. So again, regardless whether you're doing organic or chemistry or biologicals, you know. Really key as well. Foundation is just having good cultural control as well. Something we haven't really touched on today, but again, you can really increase the effectiveness of your biological, your chemistry based on what you're doing in, in the vineyard. [00:26:02] So, you know, things like, you know, canopy thinning, so if you're using say, a biological, you wanna try to colonize those berries, you wanna kind of thin out that kind of piece. You're getting a better spray coverage. You're also gonna, you know, reduce the humidity and that kind of pee of things like mildew you know, effective pruning in dry conditions. [00:26:18] Navar was kind of talking about opsis, some of those canker pathogens. So those grapevine trunk diseases, that is still the most effective way to control a grapevine trunk disease is just to prune under the right conditions. 'cause you need that wound, that pruning wound to heal when it's, you're not gonna get a, let's see, you know, we got that ring coming in this week. [00:26:33] So, grapevine trunk disease is dormant on those on the, on the parts of the vine. They're gonna be airborne. So you need to make sure there's a very good dry window. So again, like cultural practice is always, always key to whatever approach or biologicals or chemicals. [00:26:46] Nevada Smith: I think the add to that, one of the biggest things I remember, I wanna say it's like in 2010, I saw Gubler trials, Gubler, uc, Davis, you know, famous for everything. And he had the trial and all he did was pull leaves. On the bunch closures, and I was like, wow, that looked amazing. And I said, what? What spray did you have on there? [00:27:02] And they're like, nothing. We just pulled leaves and just literally that airflow coming across there, drying out, I assume it was just drying out the spores was amazing. I was like, wow. But then I started doing the cost analysis as a grower. I'm like, I can't send a crew there and pull leaves all the time. So, [00:27:19] Craig Macmillan: Yeah, it's true. I mean, and that's why it's a mix of things. I think. It's integrated pest management. You, you know, you do want to get some airflow through there. You will probably do some canopy management, whether you do shoot thinning or leaf removal. Some of that also helps with coverage. [00:27:32] Right. So using a mix of cultural and chemical or pesticide techniques is probably, probably wise. I'm not a pest control advisor, so I probably shouldn't say that. I. But I think I, you, they're not the first folks that have, have reminded me of that. And sometimes I know that, I think we kind of forget. [00:27:49] I wanna change topics a little bit. There's a, I don't wanna say new, but new to me. Area bio fertilizers a totally different kind of strategy for plant nutrition Nevada. What is a bio fertilizer? What, how do they work? What is it and how does it work? [00:28:05] Nevada Smith: So bio fertilizers can be a multitude of things, but once again, back to bio based on living organisms prior living organisms. We happen to have one that we're just launching this year into the grape industry called Illustra. It's based on this unique technology, UBP. Universal biological platform. I'm not trying to be a billboard ad here, but the reason why I'm bringing it up is it, it's really is a platform, which is interesting about it because it's, it's a technology that we can change and manipulate depending on how we go through the production cycle. And so we're creating tools that are more made for abiotic stresses. [00:28:39] And so we're trying to deal with different stresses that. Crop can deal with. And so right now the core market that we've been using these products , for is like soybeans and corn. [00:28:49] But as we think about the permanent crop markets of grapes, tree nuts, citrus, it's a little bit different as far as cycle and how you approach it. And so what we've seen through the data, these bio fertilizers is really trying to mitigate abiotic stresses. So what we're really mitigating is one, like you, you think about herbicide applications. You kind do a banded application near the tree trunk into about a third of the spray row. That herbicide usually hits that tree trunk. [00:29:14] There is a cause and effect on the grapevine itself. What if you could put a tool down that was sprayed on the same time to mitigate that stress or de-stress it from even how much time and pressure it's having? So. Our product is really one of those tools today that's really focused on mitigating biotic stresses. [00:29:30] Other things I can think about as a farmer is like salinity in the soil. The roots are pushing. You have water issues in California. We all talk about that. How do you mitigate the plant that still maximize the yield? So. Choosing the bio fertilizer today that's really focused on that, not just being a typical, you know, can 17 or un 30 twos based nitrogen based products. [00:29:51] This is something else to bring into the marketplace. They're kind of more niche based, depending on what you're dealing with. But there there's several out there. There's, seaweed extracts would be a big one, right? That people use a lot around farms. There's humic, andic acids, organic acids in general. So those are the kind of the buckets of items today that farmers are choosing for bio fertilizers. [00:30:14] Rob Blundell: Hmm. Yeah. And I can yeah, touch a little bit more on the, on the UBP illustrate product as well in terms of kind of how, how that really functions. And as Navar said, it's, you know, helping bounce back after, say, some herbicide damage, promoting that early season boost in biomass. [00:30:27] So, you know, a product like this, this UBP will basically kind of. Inducing cell division. So in you know, increasing mitochondrial activity, more cell division essentially leads to more chlorophyll, more photosynthesis graded by a mass production. And it's actually done by acidifying the cell wall. So we acidify a cell wall. You get more what we have these, there's proton pumps on these cell wall. [00:30:48] We're basically pumping in more protons, increasing the rate of that cell division. So we're basically yeah, boosting that in ocean season biomass. Therefore having that. You know, quicker resilience to say, you know, abiotic stresses like no said, whether it's salinity, salt, drought, water, things like that. [00:31:02] So yeah, numerous, numerous benefits of some of these fertilizers. [00:31:07] Craig Macmillan: Which actually talking about antibiotic stress, that it reminds me of something. I want to apply it to this, but I also want to go back. If you're using a live material, a bacillus or something, or if you have a, a bio fertilizer that may is are there living things in bio fertilizers. [00:31:22] Nevada Smith: There can be, [00:31:24] uh [00:31:24] Craig Macmillan: be. Okay. [00:31:25] Nevada Smith: We don't have anything in ours today, but I think there are, let's call the word impregnated Fertilizers. With living organisms. It could be trico, dermas, it could be other things, bacillus. And those are good, good tools to use. [00:31:39] The hard part is like, you know, now we start to open the can of worms around like compost tea, like what's in there. And I think that's the biggest challenge that growers, those things do work as a whole. But then you start to run into the quality assurance, quality control. And I think that's where companies invest in the bio pesticide industry are really trying to. Tell the story and not just be perceived as snake oils and saying, Hey, replicated work we measure to this level, like CFU content and here's what we expect results to be consistently. [00:32:08] And this is sort of the shelf life issues and we're kind of getting as a, you know, the world evolves. I think there's just this environmental things that people choose to do. And I think, you know, everything works. Just a question of how you integrate it into your own farming systems. [00:32:24] Craig Macmillan: So speaking of environmental factors and antibiotic stress one thing that's occurred to me is that if I have something that's that's out there, either that's living or maybe maybe a fragile compound, how do things like drought and heat affect these materials in the field? [00:32:38] Rob Blundell: Yeah. Yeah, very good question. I think historically that was always kind of. What people thought of the negative of biologicals were like, well, is only gonna work under certain conditions. You know, where, where have you tested it? So yeah, it's, it's a good question as well. [00:32:50] It's , case by case dependent you know, certain extremes and temperatures, various conditions as well are gonna have effects on, you know, the, the longevity of that. But we, you know, we try to test it under. There a variety of conditions. And then for particularly something you know, with our fungicides as well for, for the grape industry, you know, these new be tested on a variety of key varietals as well. [00:33:10] You know, it's, Hey, it might work for Chardonnay but not for Sauvignon Blanc. So that's important to evaluate as well, rather than just bring a product to market that like you, it's only gonna work on very certain aspects of a, of the single industry. [00:33:22] Craig Macmillan: So heat as an example, , you have a fair amount of confidence that I can apply something in the, in the heat if I have a hot, dry condition in the summer that it's not going to. Break down those materials that are there from the fermentation or kill the live organism. We, we think there's a fair amount of resilience here. [00:33:39] Rob Blundell: Yeah, again, definitely gonna be dependent on the, the type of microbe and the type of metabolite that it's producing. But you know, microbes in nature are exposed to these extreme conditions just naturally anyway, you know, so we have epi amplified slipping on the surface of products. So on the surface of. [00:33:54] Structures. So like a grapevine, like a leaf. They're obviously out there and exposed to the elements every single day. And then the soil is a, is a chaotic environment. There's a lot going on in the soil. So microbes are just, you know, extremely resilient in nature themselves. So there's gonna be a, again it's gonna vary depending on, you know, the microbe and, and the product we're using. [00:34:12] But there's good efficacy. [00:34:16] Craig Macmillan: What's the future? What is the future looking like for biological products, living or extra? [00:34:23] Nevada Smith: for the marketing hat on myself, not the farmer side. [00:34:27] It, I think everything's coming down to specialized sprays. And if I had to vision what the features look like to me, it's gonna be about. Seeing robots down the vineyard. They have 18 different things and their little mechanisms and there's, they're just, they're analogizing what's going on in that grape cluster itself. [00:34:44] They're spot spraying three or four things and they're going down the next level. That to me, is where we're gonna get down to the future, where the grapes themselves will naturally grow less chemicals to be used overall. [00:34:54] but if you need to go through and really take care of a problem, you're gonna go through and take care of a problem. And I think that's where it's become very exciting to me. You're gonna put less of a prophylactic spray across all systems, and you're kind of really create some microenvironments where you think that Vine number seven got sprayed a lot. Vine number 21 has not been sprayed all season. Wonder why? Let's go check it out. Let's understand and investigate. [00:35:18] The other big thing I think in grapes that's really interesting from exploratory research and development side for our company is like viruses. Viruses have not been addressed and it's becoming an issue. It's something I want to kind of explore and put on our docket of, you know, assessment stuff and how we can take new technologies to really improve virus transmissions. How do you mitigate once you have a virus? And it still produce that vine for another 10 plus years. So it gets quality and quantity out of it. Those are the kind of things interesting to me. [00:35:50] Craig Macmillan: Robert. [00:35:51] Rob Blundell: Yeah, definitely. Yeah, really good point, Sarah as well. And yeah, viruses in particular is, is something we see about in the grapevine industry. And yeah, often biological companies we're focused on, you know, the, the fungal issues, the bacteria, the, the nematodes. So that's, that's a huge area that really needs some more dedication. [00:36:06] So there's gonna be some great technologies available for that in the future. Yeah, I think to speak to no Nevada's points on kind of the future of it, I think like a really kind of custom tailored approach is gonna be available for those that want it. Particularly from the pathology side of my interest. [00:36:19] I think precision monitoring and detection of disease is just, I. Advancing leaps and bounds. So again, like, you know, going out there and doing scouting, hopefully people are gonna have a lot better tools available, available to 'em in the near future to really kind of understand crucial times in their season where disease is coming in. [00:36:36] And then again, like I. Just having better tools to kind of really actually di inform us of the pathogen as well that's present rather than just again, a lot of, a lot of diseases is hard to pinpoint to an exact pathogen. We're lucky in grapes, powerdy, mildew, and, botrytis are very obvious. We know what those are, we think are some of the row crops. [00:36:52] It could be a whole host of things. We've got nematodes, we've got various sore pathogens that we can't actually see. So I think yeah, improving disease diagnosis and detection, having these precision tools is gonna be a huge part of the future where biologicals can integrate themselves in as well. [00:37:07] Craig Macmillan: That sounds pretty exciting. I wanna thank you both for being on the program. This has been a really great conversation. My guests today we're Nevada Smith. He is the head of Marketing North America and Robert Blande, who's a research plant pathologist, both with Pro Farm Group. Thanks for being on the podcast. [00:37:22] Nevada Smith: Appreciate you. [00:37:23] Rob Blundell: Thank you very much, Craig. It was a pleasure. [00:37:25] Craig Macmillan: And to our listeners, thank you for listening to Sustainable Wine Growing Vineyard team. [00:37:29] Nevada Smith: Craig, one more thing. We gotta just drink more wine.  [00:37:40] Beth Vukmanic: Thank you for listening. [00:37:41] Today's podcast was brought to you by Vineyard Industry Products serving the needs of growers since 1979. Vineyard industry products believes that integrity is vital to building long-term customer, employee, and vendor relationships. And they work hard to provide quality products at the best prices they can find. Vineyard industry products gives back investing in both the community and the industry. [00:38:06] Make sure you check out the show notes for links to Pro Farm, an article titled, what are Bio Pesticides Plus Related Sustainable Wine Growing Podcast episodes. 117 Grapevine Mildew Control with UV Light 123. What's happening in biologicals for pest management and plant health? 266 Soft pesticide trial for powdery mildew, downy mildew, botrytis and sour rot, and a healthy soils playlist. [00:38:34] If you'd like the show, do us a big favor by sharing it with a friend, subscribing and leaving us a review. You can find all of the podcasts on vineyard team.org/podcast, and you can reach us at podcast@vineyardteam.org. Until next time, this is Sustainable Wine Growing with the Vineyard team.   Nearly perfect transcription by Descript

Fatigue resistance - also called durability or physiological resilience - is the ability to not slow down when physiological fatigue sets in. Fatigue resistance is what part of what keeps you from slowing down at the end of your half marathon, marathon, or ultra. We dive into the science of durability, as well as providing practical tips for how to improve your fatigue resistance. In this episode, you will learn:What is fatigue resistance?How do you measure durability?How much difference does fatigue resistance make in race times?How high-carb fueling improves fatigue resistanceTraining interventions to improve durabilityCan supershoes improve fatigue resistance?This episode is sponsored by Previnex! Previnex creates clinically effective supplements made with high-quality ingredients. Their probiotic provides 30 million CFUS with six bacteria strains - and unlike other brands, their probiotic works! Use the code treadlightly for 15% off your first order at previnex.com.If you enjoyed this episode, you may also like: Strength Training for Performance vs Aesthetics with Coach Montana (ep 109)How to PR in the Marathon (ep 104)The Applied Science of Long Run Fueling (ep 5)How to Pace a Marathon (ep 58)Is it Bad to Run in the Grey Zone (ep 48)References: PMID: 35511416PMID: 39384626PMID: 37606604

Most runners inevitably deal with these minor issues - blisters, black toenails, chafing, and more. They aren't full injuries, but they certainly are inconvenient and uncomfortable. We guide you through how to prevent these, how to treat them, and if you can run through them when they happen.  In this episode, you'll learn how to deal with:Calf crampsBlistersChafingBlack toenailsNumb toes during a runRed and itchy legs while runningSide stitchesSunburnsResources:https://runtothefinish.com/how-to-lace-running-shoes/https://lauranorrisrunning.com/running-cramps/https://lauranorrisrunning.com/how-to-breathe-while-running/https://runtothefinish.com/altra-vs-topoThis episode is sponsored by Previnex! Previnex creates clinically effective supplements made with high-quality ingredients. Their probiotic provides 30 million CFUS with six bacteria strains - and unlike other brands, their probiotic works! Use the code treadlightly for 15% off your first order at previnex.com.Join us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/TreadLightlyRunningReferences: PMID: 34185846PMID: 31696455PMID: 25178498

After completing a marathon or two, most runners set their sights on running their fastest marathon. However, when you train for a marathon PR, it's too easy to fall into the trap of overreaching, or to end up injured. In this episode, we'll guide you through how to train for a marathon PR - and actually reach that PR on race day. The advice is this episode is targeted towards intermediate and experienced marathoners; if you are running your first marathon, we recommend tuning into episode 17 (how to run your first marathon). In this episode, you'll learn about:Mindset in training for a marathon PRHow to adjust if you are sick on race dayHow many weeks do you need to train for a marathon PR?How to build a racing schedule for a marathon PR goalWhat to change in your training to run your fastest marathonHow much intensity should you do in marathon training?Join us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/TreadLightlyRunningThis episode is sponsored by Previnex! Previnex creates clinically effective supplements made with high-quality ingredients. Their probiotic provides 30 million CFUS with six bacteria strains - and unlike other brands, their probiotic works! Use the code treadlightly for 15% off your first order at previnex.com.References: PMID: 39616560PMID: 39616560

You've likely heard that high sugar consumption has health risks - so how do you reconcile that with your need to fuel as a runner? Is sugar bad for runners, or is it a necessary fuel source for your fastest running and healthiest self? (Spoiler: it's the latter!) We brought on Cortney Berling, RD, MPH, to dispel common myths about sugar for runners.  Discussion points include: Defining the different types of sugar What's the difference between using candy and gels on runs? Whole foods vs engineered sports nutrition products Does sugar have the same impact on your blood sugar while running as it does at rest? Do runners need to worry about the health risks of taking sugar in gels? When and how should you fuel your runs? Is it beneficial to combine different types of sugars on your runs? What should runners do about their sugar cravings? Can you train your body to not need sugar during a run? This episode is sponsored by Previnex! Previnex creates clinically effective supplements made with high-quality ingredients. Their probiotic provides 30 million CFUS with six bacteria strains - and unlike other brands, their probiotic works! Use the code treadlightly for 15% off your first order at previnex.com. Thank you for Cortney for joining us! Cortney Berling is a registered dietitian focused on working with runners and female athletes. You can connect with Cortney on Instagram: eatwell.run better or work with her at https://www.eatwellrunbetter.com/roadto262.

Join Carlette Patterson, CEO & Co-founder of Patterson Sports Ventures®, and Dr. Joan M Hunter, Lifestyle Medicine Board Certified Physician, to learn about Winning Strategies:Most of our serotonin is created in our gut so our gut health directly impacts our mood and happiness levels, as well as our immune and digestion support.Probiotics help reintroduce good bacteria into the gut and are found in fermented foods or supplements. Look for a probiotic that has strain diversity, high CFUs, clinical evidence, and quality control.Win Wellbeing, Human 2 Human:www.chiefwellbeingofficers.comWatch here: https://youtu.be/NNB8p_maO1Q

L. reuteri yogurt has a mind of its own and can get super strong when you are activating it. You get 67 billion CFUs of L. reuteri in a 1/2 cup serving, so I can help you understand what is happening if your yogurt separates into whey and curds. Tune in to learn more. Episode link:  https://www.culturedfoodlife.com/podcast/episode-267-is-your-l-reuteri-yogurt-separating/ Link(s) I talked about: https://www.culturedfoodlife.com/is-your-l-reuteri-yogurt-separating/ Check out these other links: My Story Video: https://youtu.be/CbX9Nv9OtGM For health tips and recipes, subscribe to our weekly emails. We'll also send you our free Getting Started Guide: http://bit.ly/2BnHpay For health tips and recipes, subscribe to our weekly emails. We'll also send you our free Getting Started Guide: http://bit.ly/2BnHpay Listen to all my podcasts: http://bit.ly/cflpodcast Become a Biotic Pro Member: http://bit.ly/2kkhwS1 Cultured Food Recipes: http://bit.ly/2UIfY2x Health and Food Topics: http://bit.ly/2SdzIOS MY STARTER CULTURES Milk Kefir Grains: http://bit.ly/2rQ99PE L. Reuteri Superfood: https://bit.ly/LReuteriSuperfoodStarter L. Gasseri Superfood: https://bit.ly/LGasseriSuperfoodStarter Easy Kefir: http://bit.ly/2MQ1nPV Kefir Soda Starter: http://bit.ly/3YVErTa Kombucha Starter: http://bit.ly/2g2R9hE Vegetable Starter: http://bit.ly/2SzzVem Water Kefir Crystals:  http://bit.ly/2irmImW Sourdough Starter: http://bit.ly/2IjaaXK Other items in my store: http://bit.ly/2HTKZ27 STAY CONNECTED Instagram: http://instagram.com/culturedfoodlife/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CulturedFoodLife/ Pinterest: http://pinterest.com/donnaschwenk/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/donnaschwenk

This week, I dive into more ways to support a healthy equine microbiome.In the last episode, I explained what a microbiome is and why it is essential for every aspect of a horse's health. If you have not already done so, I suggest you tune in to that episode to understand why supporting the microbiome is crucial for the hindgut and every organ in a horse's body.Maintaining Healthy Gut BacteriaMaintaining a healthy population of bacteria in a horse's digestive system is essential, especially considering that 75% of their energy comes from fermenting fiber. When the balance gets disrupted due to poor feeding practices, exposure to toxicity or chemicals, or stress, health issues like colic, ulcers, fecal water syndrome, diarrhea, or immunity-related problems like scratches, rain rot, festering infections, and chronic thrush may arise. Creating a Supportive EnvironmentA supportive environment starts with carefully considering the horse's diet, avoiding high-sugar and high-protein intake, managing fat levels, minimizing exposure to chemicals and preservatives, and regulating pH levels.How Medications and Stress Affect the Microbiome Apart from diet, medications and stress levels also significantly impact the equine microbiome. Medicines can alter bacterial populations, so it is always essential to evaluate how necessary they are and their potential side effects. Emotional or physical stress can elevate acidity levels in a horse's body. That could affect their bacterial populations and cause inflammation. Assessing lifestyle factors, addressing stressors, and making necessary changes will all contribute to maintaining a healthy equine microbiome.Introduction to Prebiotics for Gut HealthProviding your horse with prebiotics is a proactive way to support their gut health. Prebiotics are in the soluble and insoluble fibers of plants. Foraging horses can access their probiotics naturally from the grasses, leaves, and shrubs they eat. In a domestic setting, however, you must give those to your horse in a feed bucket. Beet pulp, chia seeds, cooked barley, cooked oats, and certain herbs are all options that will help in creating an environment conducive to healthy gut bacteria.Understanding Probiotics and Their BenefitsProbiotics are living biological organisms crucial for modifying the microbiota, producing beneficial compounds, and enhancing intestinal immunity. Studies have shown that common strains, like bifidum and lactobacillus, positively affect equine digestive conditions, immunity, weight gain, and energy levels. When selecting probiotics, it is best to choose refrigerated options that do not contain any added ingredients.Dosage and Timing of Probiotic SupplementationDosage for probiotics gets measured in colony forming units (CFUs), typically ranging from 50 to 100 billion CFUs for horses. Specific circumstances, such as post-deworming or antibiotic use, may warrant probiotic supplementation. How Effective are Probiotics?Even though the studies on the survival of probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract vary, I have seen how effective probiotics are for improving gut health, especially in colic situations. Monitoring how your horse responds to probiotics will help you determine their efficacy. Assessing Probiotic EffectivenessTo truly understand the effectiveness of probiotics, you will need to observe their immediate benefits, re-evaluate after long-term use, and recognize the instances where they do not produce your desired outcome. If the probiotics consistently offer no improvement or cause adverse effects, you must reassess your horse's overall health, diet, and environment. Valuable Contributors to Gut...

View the Show Notes Page for This Episode Become a Member to Receive Exclusive Content Sign Up to Receive Peter's Weekly Newsletter Colleen Cutcliffe is an expert in molecular biology and co-founder of Pendulum Therapeutics, a company working to develop treatments for a variety of diseases by targeting the microbiome. In this episode, Colleen delves into the complexity of the microbiome, how it is tested, and how it changes over time. She explores how probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics affect the gut and makes a compelling case that well-developed products have the potential not only to enhance gut health but also to positively influence overall metabolic well-being. Colleen emphasizes the significance of a high-fiber diet in sustaining a thriving gut microbiome, shares insights on minimizing microbiome damage during antibiotic use, provides tips for fostering and preserving a healthy gut, and much more. We discuss: Colleen's background and current focus [4:45]; The basics of the microbiome [7:15]; The study of the human microbiome [15:15]; Categories of bacteria, and the implications on health of the rapid evolution of bacteria [19:45]; Methods for measuring and understanding the microbiome, and key indicators of microbiome health [28:30]; The important role of fiber for promoting gut health through the production of butyrate [38:30]; The case for manipulating gut bacteria via fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) [45:00]; Dynamics of the microbiome: the gut-brain connection and how antibiotics, nutrition, stress, and more impact the microbiome's diversity and function [50:15]; Factors that influence the vaginal microbiome [55:15]; The effect of gut microbes on obesity and challenges with fecal transplants in people [58:45]; Beneficial strains of gut bacteria and strains commonly found in probiotics [1:01:15]; The difference between a probiotic and prebiotic, and how CFUs are a measure of the “active ingredient” [1:09:45]; Considerations about how probiotic strains are produced, and more on the meaning of CFU [1:14:15]; Mitigating the effect of antibiotics on the microbiome [1:22:30]; What do we know about the effect of artificial sweeteners on the gut microbiome? [1:30:00]; Why Akkermansia is a keystone strain with implications for metabolic health and an individual's response to dietary interventions [1:36:15]; The essential steps necessary to develop a robust probiotic for optimal health support [1:45:45]; How Akkermansia helps control blood glucose, and potential implications of Akkermansia in weight loss, diabetes management, and more [1:48:45]; Pendulum Therapeutics' commitment to rigorous product develop [2:06:30]; Details about the probiotic “Glucose Control” and other probiotics developed by Pendulum Therapeutics [2:13:00]; Further studies of Akkermansia that have been proposed or are underway [2:20:30]; and More. Connect With Peter on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube

In episode 58 I sit down with Kiran Krishnan, microbiologist, researcher, co-founder of Microbiome Labs, and gut-health expert with 20 years of experience in nutrition and dietary supplements.  In this episode, we discuss : What matters most when picking a probiotic (CFUs vs Strains) and why picking the right strain matters The importance of microbial diversity Manipulating your microbiome How other people can influence your microbiome  You can watch the Youtube version here! To learn more about Kiran follow him on IG ___ __ Be sure to follow my Instagram @briannadiorio for all the Brianna Approved educational content! You can visit my website www.briannadiorio.com to learn more. Production Manager and Graphics @kylediorio

DoTERRA Convention Highlights and Essential Oil Education: * Aisha Harley welcomes everyone to the visionary leaders convention recap call. * Excitement to dive into important health topics and essential oil education. * Esteemed leaders present: Dr.Josie Schmidt, Ariana Harley, Lori Lishan, Claudine Annis, and Judith Maxey * Deep dive into the convention's highlights. DoTERRA Essential Oils and Personal Growth  * Aisha shares Emily's story about the resilience of the lavender plant and how that relates to personal growth, and collective healing.  * Aisha reviews doTERRA growth and projected growth Including $6.6 billion in commissions paid to wellness advocates and aim to become world's largest direct selling company.  * Judith discusses company's farmers and CO impact sourcing initiative. DoTERRA's Impact Sourcing Program and Leader Led Trips  * doTERRA's CO impact sourcing program prioritizes working with small farmers in places like Africa.  * Emphasis on supporting local communities.  * Judith has an agricultural background appreciates doTERRA's commitment to impactful sourcing. * Mission to help the world heal and make an impact discussed.  * Leader-led trips for diamond leaders to plan their own trips to countries like Kenya, Hawaii, and Bulgaria introduced. Blue Lotus and Birch Essential Oils, Adulteration in the Market. * Lori shares Emily Wright's story of finding exclusive pure Blue Lotus essential oil in China. * Supports local jobs and communities.  * Lori praises Blue Lotus oil's skincare benefits and potential to support collagen production. Essential Oil Purity and Adulteration  * Dr. Josie discusses testing 27 birch oils and finds none contained pure birch oil.  * 13 were actually wintergreen oil and 7 were a combination of wintergreen and synthetic methyl salicylate.  * Common adulteration of oils with synthetic compounds highlighted.  * Importance of chirality in essential oils explained.  * doTERRA's advanced testing methods, including carbon 14 analysis, mentioned. Birch Oil and Sleep System * DoTERRA creates birch oil with unique distillation process in Pennsylvania.  * Ariana invites listeners to reconsider prioritization of sleep for cellular repair, healthy weight, and reduced health risks.  * Lack of sleep's serious long-term effects on health discussed, including high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes. Expert Tips for Better Sleep  * Essential oil diffuser and supplements recommended. Microbiome Health and Aging:  * Decline in microbiome diversity with age leads to systemic health issues. PB Restore Gut Health Supplement:  * Claudine shares the PB restore system contains 30 bioactive components and 24 probiotic strains.  * Highlights: 18 billion active live CFUs, diverse blend of probiotics, prebiotics, and post biotics for optimal gut health.  * Unique blend of 24 probiotic strains from 22 different species, more diverse and effective than competitors. Probiotics, Forest Bathing, and Essential Oils  * New PB Assist supplement with 13 probiotic strains for maximum diversity and digestive comfort.  * Recommended to take probiotics with meals for optimal benefits.  * Benefits of forest bathing: lowered blood pressure, reduced cortisol levels, and enhanced sense of connection to nature.  * "Forest Bathing Blend" includes lemon, patchouli, magnolia, siberian fir, cypress, cardamom, hinoki, grapefruit, geranium, and lemon petitgrain. doTERRA Products and Upcoming Releases  * New product: Deep Ocean Minerals with electrolytes and minerals from the deep ocean, available in January.  * New toothpaste with Supermint blend doTERRA Benefits and Programs:  * Referral program allows customers to earn up to 599 doTERRA dollars by sharing their link with friends and family. This is a great way to purchase all of the soon to be released holiday products.  * Reclaim your health event offers additional discounts and offers on products. doTERRA Leadership and Business Growth  * Monthly calls and support for business growth.  

“Unhealthy changes in the gut microbial ecosystem may manifest as poorer cognitive performance, impaired emotional regulation, negative moods states, and unhealthy stress response.” Watch this interview on YouTube here https://youtu.be/8SFTPIuQ9To This was posted three days ago from Neurohacker Collective saying that we are “just on the fringes of understanding the gut-brain connection and its impact on cognitive performance and emotional well-being” and I agree, that this topic is finally getting the attention it deserves. Sit back and enjoy today's episode, and I hope you take away some tips that show you how to improve your gut-brain connection for improved mood and health, immediately! Welcome back to The Neuroscience Meets Social and Emotional Learning Podcast, where we connect the science-based evidence behind social and emotional learning (that's finally being taught in our schools today) and emotional intelligence training (used in our modern workplaces) for improved well-being, achievement, productivity and results—using what I saw as the missing link (since we weren't taught this when we were growing up in school), the application of practical neuroscience. I'm Andrea Samadi, an author, and an educator with a passion for learning and launched this podcast 5 years ago with the goal of bringing ALL the leading experts together (in one place) to uncover the most current research that would back up how the brain learns best, taking us ALL to new, and often unimaginable heights.    On today's EP #305 we welcome back Dr. Gregory Kelly from EP #285[i] just this past April where he introduced us to Qualia Senolytic where we covered: What is cellular senescence? What are the "Hallmarks of Aging" and why is cellular senescence an important hallmark? The difference between cellular senescence and autophagy (with a quick review of 9th grade science mitosis). Classical places where senescent cells take hold in the body. The science to support senolytics from Mayo Clinic and Scripps Institute. How do senolytics work? The correct way to dose senolytics. What makes Qualia Senolytic a groundbreaking supplement in the longevity space? This interview set the stage for what we will cover today, with a look at Qualia  Synbiotic,  a one-of-a-kind formula doesn't just promote healthy gut. It also helps support mood and brain performance by enhancing gut-brain connections that are also crucial for nearly every system in body. There's never been one simple scoop of supplemental nutrition designed to support so many aspects of gut health, including the gut-brain axis*  First, a bit about Dr. Gregory Kelly: On today's episode, #305 we will cover: What are keystone species and what role do they play in shaping our gut ecosystem? Probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics - what's the difference? Breaking up some myths about probiotics, and prebiotics How to fix gut imbalances and prevent dis-ease in our body? What we can notice with Qualia Synbiotic, this ultimate digestive health formula? Dr. Kelly's favorite science-backed ingredients to support optimal digestion, immune function, and key aspects of the gut-brain connection. What Dr. Kelly thinks of neurogenesis/what's exciting for him these days to think about in the field of health and wellness? Let's welcome Dr. Gregory Kelly back to the podcast, from Neurohacker Collective!     Welcome back Dr. Gregory Kelly for the second time on the podcast! I've got to say that when we opened up our last interview, I was a huge fan of Neurohacker Collective and what you've built over there bringing together all the top minds in health and wellness, but I had only tried your products for a few weeks when we met last. It's been 5 months now we've been using Qualia Senoltyics in our house hold (my husband and I) and what a difference, especially when it comes to being able to focus and work longer periods of time without losing mental clarity. I contribute that 100% of this to what you've created at Neurohacker.com Thank you! I also want to thank you for coming back on the podcast and helping me to understand the science behind the advanced products you and your team have created for health, wellness and longevity. I'm sincerely grateful to have this opportunity to speak with you, and learn what's new with Neurohacker Collective. Welcome Back! INTRO: So, Dr. Kelly, in order to create interview questions for today, I did listen to the podcast episode introduction you did with The Neurohacker Science Team[ii] so I could understand the overview of what we would talk about today. I'm not a scientist, but love learning at the highest level possible and sharing these latest discoveries in science on the podcast. I released an episode last week to prepare our listeners for this one on a “Deeper Dive into Understanding the Gut-Brain Axis for Improving Our Mental and Physical Health”[iii] so we can take our understanding to new heights, and the biggest question I have before we even begin, is that I wonder what was it that made you create Qualia Synbiotic in the first place? Where did this vision for helping us to improve our digestion AND mood begin? Q1: This I think is brilliant because once I understood your vision for creating a product that combines probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics in one, I started to see how you were creating the next generation probiotic.  What does synbiotic mean for our gut/brain and microbiome?   Q2: What should we know about the gut-brain ecosytem and how does it influence the choices of foods we gravitate towards? I know we've all heard that we are what we eat, and this changes how we feel idea. How does our gut react to what we eat, and then what does this do to our brain? Q2B: If you are taking something like Qualia Synbiotic, do you need to do anything else? Q3: Can you give some background into what happened this past Jan 2023 with the hallmarks of aging going from 9-12? What was missing, that's there now? Q3B: Why do we gravitate towards certain foods? Healthy vs. Not Healthy?can Q4: I'm sure most of our listeners know about probiotics and how they help our gut, but this is your area of expertise. Can you break up some myths about probiotics, and prebiotics? I'm definitely someone who has bought a probiotic for how many million CFUs are on the front of the container, making me think “the more the better.” Q5: Now you've explained what probiotics/prebiotics are not, can you explain how they work together? How can someone who has an imbalance with their gut, fix this imbalance by restoring the gut ecosystem? Q6: Most of us have never been taught this. I noticed this with the first shake I made and added your product and right on the front of the container, you've listed “optimized digestion.” Now we have a clearer picture of how this impacts our gut-brain axis. How would you describe this to someone completely new, who has never heard of this, and doesn't have a scientific background? Q7: What do people typically notice when they take this? What effects and benefits should I notice other than that I just feel happier and healthier? What ingredients do you think are causing us to “feel” better symbiotically? Q8: If you were to put together the TOP QUALIA Products you hear impacting people the most, what would you say they are? Q9: My final question is something not related specifically to your product, but a more overall question where I'd love to pick your brain on something that I'm stumped about. It's about neurogenesis. Do you, Dr. Kelly, think we can create NEW brain cells through doing things like exercise, or do you think that this can only happen in the hippocampus of the brain? I'm curious because this is something that I can see many experts have a differing of opinion with. I wonder what you think? Dr. Kelly, I want to thank you for coming back on the podcast a second time. My husband and I are huge fans of Qualia Senolytic. We both use the original product that was designed to eliminate senescent cells 2 days a month, and the Qualia Mind is something we both use to stay focused on our work. I use Qualia skin, as I'm getting older, always looking for what else I can do to not look my age. Now I've added Qualia Synbiotic and all of these together, I just feel happier, healthier, leading to increased productivity. What I want to acknowledge you for is helping us to be proactive with our health and wellness with these advanced products that you've developed with your team, that not only help us to take care of our body, but also our mind that we know is connected. Thank you for coming back on the podcast and for explaining concepts that are complex in a way that we can understand and apply them, for improved health. I'll be sure to link Qualia Synbiotic in the show notes, and look forward to what's next on the horizon for you to create. FINAL THOUGHTS I never take for granted the opportunity I have as the host of this podcast, to get to learn first-hand from leading experts and innovators around the world, connecting to some of the top thought leaders in the field of neuroscience. I don't want to ever show up unprepared with any guest, as I want to take the messages we will uncover to higher levels than just what we could if I didn't dig deep and put some thought into what I am going to ask our guests.  I'll always connect past episodes to current ones, as we are all connected, and ALL episodes are relevant for us to move forward with our levels of productivity and achievement. If you take one look at Dr. Kelly's Neurohacker Collective team[iv], you will see what I mean. These are the leaders in the industry, who are moving the needle for the rest of the world. Sometimes the AHA Moments of learning don't show up right away. I need some time to think and process them, but on today's episode, they came at the end, when Dr. Kelly was suggesting that we pick one product that seems to be calling to you. If you have issues with your gut, try Qualia Synbiotic and see if something shifts for you. If you need more focus during your day, Qualia Mind does it for me and locks me into being able to hold my focus for longer periods of my work day. My FIRST AHA Moment of Learning: Do I fully understand what my eyes can see, my vision? While explaining Qualia Vision, Dr. Kelly spoke about how many of us “don't realize the work the visual system is doing in the background.” Our eyes are always working, seeing, and registering our environment. But If you know me, you'll know that I've had very weak vision for years. I've always worn contact lenses, and they were able to get me through life, but I noticed that I was starting to miss some very important things by not being able to see clearly, or using my peripheral vision. Dr. Kelly mentioned this is what our eyes were designed to do, and after years of struggling, I finally had Lasik, (just a few weeks ago) and currently have vision far beyond perfect (20/20). I can see now with 20-10 vision and am just adjusting to this new world. FOR YOU: Pick one area that you will look at yourself, and think, what will happen to the quality of my life if I improve this one area, and just start here. Is it your vision, like me, your digestion, clarity, sleep? Go to Neurohacker.com and just look at what they have, and try one thing. I'm not being paid to endorse them, I honestly believe them to be the highest-level supplements for improved health, longevity and wellness. Second AHA Moment: Bridging Science with The Unknown Dr. Kelly mentioned he felt it was kind of “woo woo” to mention, but he felt like his body would signal to him if he needed to take more digestion for his gut health. I didn't think this was weird at all, as many neuroscientists talk about being in tune with our body as being interoceptive. Dr. Kelly said that some people he knows are highly visual and can see things clearly on the screen of their minds, while he cannot, but he feels highly developed with his interoceptive abilities. If you've been following our podcast for some time, you will know that we covered The Silva Method[v] this past year, to help those of us who meditate, to take our visualization skills to higher levels. This 4- part series remains at the top of our all-time most listened to episodes, with almost 6K downloads. I'm always trying to bridge the gap with what we can prove with Science and what we cannot, and speaking with Dr. Kelly showed me that we ALL have Superpowers, that when developed, have the ability to take us to new heights. Like I quoted in our Silva Method series, “Once we learn to use our mind to train it, it will do some astounding things for us, as you will soon see.” Jose Silva (August 11, 1914-February 7, 1999) author of The Silva Mind Control Method. FOR YOU: What's YOUR superpower? Mine is definitely the ability to see things clearly on the screen of my mind. I'd like to have this level of clarity with my eyes open, and just a few weeks after fixing my eye-sight, can see a whole new world of possibility. Once you have figured out what YOUR Superpower is, take some time to work on strengthening it every day. From the interest in The Silva Method episode, I'm curious how many others are working on improving their visual systems through guided imagery and meditation. I hope you have enjoyed this episode with Dr. Kelly, and learned as much as I did. I'll see you next week, and see what we will uncover then, to take our learning to new heights! Have a good weekend. FOLLOW NEUROHACKER COLLECTIVE: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/neurohacker/?hl=en Twitter https://twitter.com/theneurohacker Website https://neurohacker.com/ RESOURCES: Qualia Synbiotic https://neurohacker.com/shop/qualia-synbiotic  10 Percent Human: How Your Body's Microbes Hold the Key to Health and Happiness by Alanna Collen https://www.amazon.com/10-Human-Microbes-Health-Happiness-ebook/dp/B00Q33FYY0/ref=tmm_kin_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= REFERENCES: [i] Neuroscience Meets SEL Podcast EPISODE #285 https://andreasamadi.podbean.com/e/dr-gregory-kelly-from-neurohacker-collective-on-how-to-beat-aging-and-stress-with-qualia-senolytics/   [ii] The Fascinating Power of the Gut-Brain Axis with The Neurohacker Science Team https://neurohacker.com/synbiotic-neurohacker-science-team-gut-brain   [iii] Neuroscience Meets SEL Podcast EPISODE #304 https://andreasamadi.podbean.com/e/brain-fact-friday-review-on-a-deeper-dive-into-understanding-the-gut-brain-axis-for-improving-our-mental-and-physical-heath/   [iv] https://neurohacker.com/about   [v]Neuroscience Meets SEL Podcast EPISODE #261  https://andreasamadi.podbean.com/e/a-deep-dive-with-andrea-samadi-into-applying-the-silva-method-for-improved-intuition-creativity-and-focus-part-1/  

In this exciting episode of "Nip It in the Gut," I am joined by Dr. Yinka Davies, the founder and CEO of LYVECAP, an innovative wellness company focused on harnessing the power of a balanced gut for peak performance. Dr. Davies, together with Professor Claudio DeSimone, a world-renowned expert in microflora, has developed STRONG, a clinically-proven probiotic blend designed to support athletes, weekend warriors, and health enthusiasts in reaching their full potential. Tune in as Dr. Davies shares her expertise on the pivotal role of gut health in overall well-being and how LYVECAP is revolutionizing wellness routines. We dive deep into the formulation of STRONG, which combines 200 billion CFUs and eight carefully selected bacterial strains, along with essential amino acids Leucine and Taurine for muscle building and repair. Discover the science behind the probiotic blend that supports gut balance, enhances performance, and promotes optimal health. Dr. Davies's passion for health and wellness shines through as we explore the incredible potential of gut health for achieving peak performance. Join us on this enlightening episode as we uncover the secrets to unlocking your gut's power for a stronger, healthier you. Don't miss out on this empowering conversation with Dr. Yinka Davies and the journey towards revolutionizing your wellness routines. Sign up for my newsletter  Book a free wellness session  Empowered healthy living   

Veteran business executive and entrepreneur, Noosheen Hashemi is the Founder and CEO of January AI. January AI is the world's first AI-enabled metabolic health company that combines continuous glucose monitoring, heart rate, sleep, activity, and food tracking with powerful and predictive AI, and a robust food database that unpacks the full metabolic scope of your food including glycemic index, glycemic load and fiber content.    This unique combination provides unprecedented visibility into your body's unique metabolism, empowering you to make the best choices for your metabolic health. January AI's artificial intelligence is augmenting your intelligence and increasing your Nutritional IQ. Noosheen and I sync up to talk about where the idea for January AI began, how she met her Co-Founder Dr. Michael Snyder who is the Director of Genomics and Personalized Medicine at Stanford, and how the APP, CGM, and AI all work together.  We talk about Multiomics, which if you aren't familiar, is a new approach where the data sets of different omic groups are combined during analysis. The different omic strategies employed during multiomics are genome, proteome, transcriptome, epigenome, and microbiome. Noosheem dials us into the global metabolic health crisis, and how Januari AI is on a mission to change this. Of course I get the scoop on Noosheens health and fitness go-to's that fuel her for success. In addition to the January AI's APP, CGM and AI,  January AI also offers a metabolic health solution, Eden's which is terrific. I've been using it for at least a month. Its 3:1 synbiotic blend of prebiotics, polyphenols & probiotics. Eden's is supercharged with 11.2 grams of dietary fiber with a precise ratio of soluble and insoluble fibers, 750 milligrams of polyphenols, and 12.5 billion CFUs of probiotics.  Eden's is a line of premium, all-natural supplements which have been scientifically formulated using state-of-the-art technologies for the improvement of digestive, cardiovascular, immunological, and overall metabolic health. CONNECT January AI on Instagram Marni On The Move Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, LinkedIn, or YouTube Marni Salup on Instagram and Spotify OFFERS InsideTracker: Get 20% percent off today at InsideTracker.com/marnionthemove Eden's: Get 30% Off wth our code MARNI 30 https://edens.january.ai/ SUPPORT THE PODCAST Leave us a review on Apple. It's easy, scroll through the episode list on your podcast app, click on five stars, click on leave a review, and share what you love about the conversations you're listening to. Tell your friends to what you love on social. Screenshot or share directly from our stories the episode you're listening to, tag us and the guests, and use our new Marni on the Move Giphy! SUBSCRIBE TO OUR NEWSLETTER Sign up for our weekly newsletter, The Download, for Marni on the Move updates, exclusive offers, invites to events, and exciting news!    

Have you ever been part of a team or an organization that accomplished amazing things? Or have you been part of a team or group that just couldn't get its act together? What is it about the culture in some organizations that makes them toxic and why does the culture in other groups lead to happiness and success? For the answers to those questions, we turn to bestselling author Daniel Coyle, whose latest book is called,  "The Culture Code: The Secrets of Highly Successful Groups". Daniel previously wrote bestsellers, "The Talent Code" and "The Little Book of Talent", among others. His website is http://danielcoyle.com/ Note: This episode was previously aired. BetterHelp BetterHelp online therapy is a great way to invest in yourself. It's more affordable than traditional offline therapy and financial aid is available. This is professional therapy, done securely online, available to people around the world. BetterHelp online therapy will assess your needs and can match you with your own licensed professional therapist in less than 48 hours. You can schedule weekly video or phone sessions, so you don't have to be on camera if you don't want to, and getting therapy every week is as easy as a few clicks on your laptop or phone. Visit their website and read the testimonials that are posted daily. In fact, so many people have been using BetterHelp that they're recruiting additional therapists in all 50 states. And they have a special offer for our listeners: get 10% off your first month at BetterHelp.com/NOBODY. That's 10% off your first month of online therapy at BetterHelp.com/NOBODY Ora Organic's Trust Your Gut Ora Organic's Trust Your Gut probiotic and prebiotic supplement contains some of the world's most powerful probiotic strains, along with prebiotics to help the good bacteria thrive in your gut so your probiotics work smarter, not harder. Trust Your Gut helps optimize your digestion and support common gut health issues like constipation and bloating with 20 billion CFUs of dairy-free probiotics and organic prebiotics. Trust Your Gut is available in a capsule or powder format. With its variety of products, Ora is your one stop shop for clean, quality, plant-based nutrition that works! Try Ora's products and if you're not happy for any reason within 60 days, get a full refund. No questions asked. Get 30% off your first subscription when you text T-O-L-D to sixty-four thousand. Text TOLD to sixty-four thousand and get 30% off your first subscription. Message and data rates may apply. Terms apply, available at OraOrganic/terms. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Find out how so many aspects of your life are greatly impacted by the way you think about yourself. Our guest is Dr. Catherine Sanderson, Amherst College psychology professor and author of the book, "The Positive Shift: Mastering Mindset to Improve Happiness, Health and Longevity".  Her website is https://sandersonspeaking.com/ Note: This episode was previously aired. BetterHelp BetterHelp online therapy is a great way to invest in yourself. It's more affordable than traditional offline therapy and financial aid is available. This is professional therapy, done securely online, available to people around the world. BetterHelp online therapy will assess your needs and can match you with your own licensed professional therapist in less than 48 hours. You can schedule weekly video or phone sessions, so you don't have to be on camera if you don't want to, and getting therapy every week is as easy as a few clicks on your laptop or phone. Visit their website and read the testimonials that are posted daily. In fact, so many people have been using BetterHelp that they're recruiting additional therapists in all 50 states. And they have a special offer for our listeners: get 10% off your first month at BetterHelp.com/NOBODY. That's 10% off your first month of online therapy at BetterHelp.com/NOBODY Ora Organic's Trust Your Gut Ora Organic's Trust Your Gut probiotic and prebiotic supplement contains some of the world's most powerful probiotic strains, along with prebiotics to help the good bacteria thrive in your gut so your probiotics work smarter, not harder. Trust Your Gut helps optimize your digestion and support common gut health issues like constipation and bloating with 20 billion CFUs of dairy-free probiotics and organic prebiotics. Trust Your Gut is available in a capsule or powder format. With its variety of products, Ora is your one stop shop for clean, quality, plant-based nutrition that works! Try Ora's products and if you're not happy for any reason within 60 days, get a full refund. No questions asked. Get 30% off your first subscription when you text T-O-L-D to sixty-four thousand. Text TOLD to sixty-four thousand and get 30% off your first subscription. Message and data rates may apply. Terms apply, available at OraOrganic/terms. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We always like to offer good advice, but on this episode, we're going to explore bad advice...and the difference between good advice and bad advice! Our guest is Dr. Venus Nicolino, a clinical psychologist and relationship expert who you may know as the host of "Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars". She's the author of the bestselling book, "Bad Advice: How to Survive and Thrive in an Age of Bullshit".   Her website is https://www.talk2drv.com/ Thanks to our sponsors of this episode! BetterHelp BetterHelp online therapy is a great way to invest in yourself. It's more affordable than traditional offline therapy and financial aid is available. This is professional therapy, done securely online, available to people around the world. BetterHelp online therapy will assess your needs and can match you with your own licensed professional therapist in less than 48 hours. You can schedule weekly video or phone sessions, so you don't have to be on camera if you don't want to, and getting therapy every week is as easy as a few clicks on your laptop or phone. Visit their website and read the testimonials that are posted daily. In fact, so many people have been using BetterHelp that they're recruiting additional therapists in all 50 states. And they have a special offer for our listeners: get 10% off your first month at BetterHelp.com/NOBODY. That's 10% off your first month of online therapy at BetterHelp.com/NOBODY Ora Organic's Trust Your Gut Ora Organic's Trust Your Gut probiotic and prebiotic supplement contains some of the world's most powerful probiotic strains, along with prebiotics to help the good bacteria thrive in your gut so your probiotics work smarter, not harder. Trust Your Gut helps optimize your digestion and support common gut health issues like constipation and bloating with 20 billion CFUs of dairy-free probiotics and organic prebiotics. Trust Your Gut is available in a capsule or powder format. With its variety of products, Ora is your one stop shop for clean, quality, plant-based nutrition that works! Try Ora's products and if you're not happy for any reason within 60 days, get a full refund. No questions asked. Get 30% off your first subscription when you text T-O-L-D to sixty-four thousand. Text TOLD to sixty-four thousand and get 30% off your first subscription. Message and data rates may apply. Terms apply, available at OraOrganic/terms. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What's the secret to success? What's the formula for achieving your biggest goals in life? Our guest on this episode, the inspirational Hal Elrod, says the answer to those questions is simple! Hal is the author of the international bestseller, "The Miracle Morning", which he wrote after being hit by a drunk driver and being declared clinically dead for six minutes. When he miraculously woke up, he was told he would never walk again. Yet he has defied the odds, becoming an ultra marathon runner and a top keynote speaker. His latest book is called, "The Miracle Equation: The Two Decisions that Move Your Biggest Goals from Possible, to Probable, to Inevitable". His website is https://halelrod.com/ Note: This episode has previously aired. BetterHelp BetterHelp online therapy is a great way to invest in yourself. It's more affordable than traditional offline therapy and financial aid is available. This is professional therapy, done securely online, available to people around the world. BetterHelp online therapy will assess your needs and can match you with your own licensed professional therapist in less than 48 hours. You can schedule weekly video or phone sessions, so you don't have to be on camera if you don't want to, and getting therapy every week is as easy as a few clicks on your laptop or phone. Visit their website and read the testimonials that are posted daily. In fact, so many people have been using BetterHelp that they're recruiting additional therapists in all 50 states. And they have a special offer for our listeners: get 10% off your first month at better help dot com slash NOBODY. That's 10% off your first month of online therapy at Better H-E-L-P dot com slash NOBODY Ora Organic's Trust Your Gut Ora Organic's Trust Your Gut probiotic and prebiotic supplement contains some of the world's most powerful probiotic strains, along with prebiotics to help the good bacteria thrive in your gut so your probiotics work smarter, not harder. Trust Your Gut helps optimize your digestion and support common gut health issues like constipation and bloating with 20 billion CFUs of dairy-free probiotics and organic prebiotics. Trust Your Gut is available in a capsule or powder format. With its variety of products, Ora is your one stop shop for clean, quality, plant-based nutrition that works! Try Ora's products and if you're not happy for any reason within 60 days, get a full refund. No questions asked. Get 30% off your first subscription when you text T-O-L-D to sixty-four thousand. (64-000). Text TOLD to sixty-four thousand and get 30% off your first subscription. Message and data rates may apply. Terms apply, available at OraOrganic slash terms. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Would you like to become a better person or a better leader? Do you have psychological habits and behavioral patterns that have helped you succeed, but may be detrimental to your relationships, well-being and ability to lead? Then pay close attention to what our guest, Jerry Colonna has to say! Jerry is the author of the book, "Reboot: Leadership and the Art of Growing Up". He's a venture capitalist–turned-executive coach and his new book is aimed at millennials seeking purpose or personal growth, or anyone facing a turning point in their career. His website is https://www.rebootbyjerry.com/ Note: This episode was previously aired. Thanks to our sponsors of this episode! BetterHelp BetterHelp online therapy is a great way to invest in yourself. It's more affordable than traditional offline therapy and financial aid is available. This is professional therapy, done securely online, available to people around the world. BetterHelp online therapy will assess your needs and can match you with your own licensed professional therapist in less than 48 hours. You can schedule weekly video or phone sessions, so you don't have to be on camera if you don't want to, and getting therapy every week is as easy as a few clicks on your laptop or phone. Visit their website and read the testimonials that are posted daily. In fact, so many people have been using BetterHelp that they're recruiting additional therapists in all 50 states. And they have a special offer for our listeners: get 10% off your first month at better help dot com slash NOBODY. That's 10% off your first month of online therapy at Better H-E-L-P dot com slash NOBODY Ora Organic's Trust Your Gut Ora Organic's Trust Your Gut probiotic and prebiotic supplement contains some of the world's most powerful probiotic strains, along with prebiotics to help the good bacteria thrive in your gut so your probiotics work smarter, not harder. Trust Your Gut helps optimize your digestion and support common gut health issues like constipation and bloating with 20 billion CFUs of dairy-free probiotics and organic prebiotics. Trust Your Gut is available in a capsule or powder format. With its variety of products, Ora is your one stop shop for clean, quality, plant-based nutrition that works! Try Ora's products and if you're not happy for any reason within 60 days, get a full refund. No questions asked. Get 30% off your first subscription when you text T-O-L-D to sixty-four thousand. (64-000). Text TOLD to sixty-four thousand and get 30% off your first subscription. Message and data rates may apply. Terms apply, available at OraOrganic slash terms. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Apply for coaching: https://forms.clickup.com/14184376/f/dgvxr-1127/TUSILYHKGTTUDOMRTM Say hey on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/jacky_healthyskin/ Interested in my online course or acne adieu? Click here: https://acneadieu.com/ Join my membership program for clear skin here: https://acneadieu.com/ My website: www.jacquelineickholt.com My name is Jacky, and I'm a certified skincare and repair nutritionist in nutritional dermatology. Over the past ten years, I developed a program for people with acne and unclear skin. My goal is to get rid of your acne without aggressive drugs or cremes first. Most people can reduce even stubborn acne with the proper health tests, supplements, and skincare. So if you are ready to get clear skin, let me know ;) I'm ready whenever you are

Do you ever wonder if it's possible to have a successful period of time where you can “maintain” a consistent level of health without worrying about gaining or losing weight? Even if you aren't “there” yet and you are currently doing some kind of coaching, dieting, or other program…at SOME point, you may WANT to or NEED to ease up off the gas petal and let yourself just live and be confident in the balance you've learned to have enough to TRUST yourself. I'm not talking about intuitive eating but it does sound a lot like it. Basically it's not “common” sense…it's “experienced” sense-knowing how your body acts and reacts to certain things. PLUS, a BONUS today is to learn my KEYS (aka Top TIPS) when it comes to balance and maintenance. OH and kuddos to you if you have gotten to where you can maintain a healthy, happy and balanced lifestyle where you no longer feel the NEED to go on a diet or program or change things up because that is very much a GOOD thing and I want you to hear it from a fitness professional because so many times we push weight loss or “change” but honestly, soooo many of us out there need to learn to just “be” a little more. Tune in and DON'T forget to SUBSCRIBE!! And then make sure you screen shot if you're listening and post it on a story or somewhere on social media, tagging me (IG: @grace_2_conquer or Facebook: @G2Ccoaching or @CaraFoote) and you will automatically get a $5 Starbucks gift card THIS MONTH only (Feb 2022)…SHARE THE LOVE!!! ___________________________________ Links talked about today: Greens with probiotics and digestive enzymes (free shipping affiliate link): Opti-Greens 50 Probiotics from Metagenics (on Amazon…no affiliate): Metagenics Probiotics Garden of Life 100 billion CFUs (colony forming units): on Amazon, no affiliate: Garden of Life Probiotics  Renew Life 50 billion CFUs (women's): on Amazon no affiliate Renew Life Probiotics    

Watch the full video interview on YouTube here: https://bit.ly/tinaanderson451 Tina Anderson is the CEO and cofounder of Just Thrive (IG: @justthrivehealth), a supplement company specializing in spore-based probiotics. Her journey into the world of health had a unique start and some unusual turns. Tina began her career as a trial lawyer following by working for a pharmaceutical company. Frustrated by the many abuses in the pharmaceutical industry, she turned toward the field of natural health starting Just Thrive, and found her life's work. In this episode, we discuss: Tina's journey into gut health A fever is the body's natural defence mechanism The science behind spore-based probiotics Understanding soil-based vs. spore-based probiotics A good probiotic doesn't need to be refrigerated What happens when spore-based probiotics make it to the intestine? The causes of leaky gut LPS toxins = inflammation How many different microbes are in your gut? Spores act like a gardener of the gut Are fermented foods a replacement for probiotics? The impact of antibiotics on your gut The correlation between chronic diseases and glyphosate How to support your gut health Intermittent fasting increases the diversity of your gut microbiome Eating for diversity Spending time in nature is really beneficial to our gut health Tina shares what it's like to work with her husband The role of vitamin K2 Vitamin K1 vs. vitamin K2 What Tina eats in a day Alcohol and gut health How to maintain a healthy skin microbiome Tina's thoughts on CFUs in probiotics Spore-based probiotics survive antibiotics Probiotics for kids Babies born via c-section need probiotics Probiotic use for pets Show sponsors: Organifi

Tina Anderson is the founder of Just Thrive probiotics with her husband Billy. We really dive into the world of probiotics: what are CFUs, do they need to be refrigerated, are your probiotics “arriving alive”, what to do post antibiotics, why we should all be taking probiotics, kids gut health, gut health during pregnancy, foods to support the microbiome, the connection between gut health and immunity, IBS, sibo, autoimmune disorders, digestive issues, mood, anxiety, depression, Eczema, psoriasis, acne and so much more! Show Note/Links: 15% off Just Thrive probiotics when you use code REALFOODOLOGY and this link https://justthrivehealth.com/discount/realfoodology Sponsored By: Avocado Green Mattress https://www.avocadogreenmattress.com Code REALFOODOLOGY, for $125 off any size Green and Latex Mattresses Organifi www.organifi.com/realfoodology Code REALFOODOLOGY gets you 20% Off Magic Mind http://www.magicmind.co  Code REALFOODOLOGY gets you 20% off 

Procarenow.com for free samples. Use Code: Susan10 to save 10%Related: 5 Surprising Foods that Contain Powerful PrebioticsFrom neck and face creams to waters, cold brew coffee, almond butter and supplements, probiotics are being added to everything. Plus, there are also natural probiotic food sources such as yogurt, kefir, and sourdough bread. Do these probiotics help with weight loss? Three things to know about probiotics in the episode of Bariatric Surgery Success.Hi, I'm registered dietitian nutritionist Dr. Susan Mitchell. You're listening to the Bariatric Surgery Success podcast episode number 71. Most of my career I've worked in some type of media, particularly radio where I did morning drive nutrition spots for over 18 years. That's what lead me to start podcasting and ultimately to you. I created Bariatric Surgery Success to provide you with life-changing information based on science along with simple strategies and tools to help you be successful in your transformation and your entire journey. So happy you've connected with me. You're in the right place and I'm glad you're listening.Are you receiving the weekly Breaking Down Nutrition newsletter? It's a quick way to find out first what's going on in bariatric nutrition from new freebies, upcoming courses, tips, product discounts and the latest podcast episode. Be sure and sign up at the bottom of my home page . It's also an easy way to communicate with me. Just hit replay to the newsletter. I read all the emails. Probiotics are bacteria that offer a health benefit to your body. Bacteria can be a good thing as probiotics may help prevent or treat certain illnesses. It's no wonder probiotics are often nicknamed “the good bacteria”! Why does this matter to you? Your gastrointestinal tract or GI tract contains many species of bacteria that make up what's known as the intestinal flora. It's a balancing act going on in the GI tract between good and bad bacteria. Think of it this way. Medications, diseases, even some environmental issues can alter this balance. This flora can “get out of whack” when you take antibiotics or other medications, and can be effected by various illness. Diarrhea is one of the most common symptoms that reveals something abnormal is going on. This is where probiotics may be helpful. Certain probiotic strains may help digestive health, positively influence cardiovascular risk factors, reduce inflammation, support your immune system, and even help fight depression and anxiety.Probiotics are live bacteria that occur naturally in foods that you can include in your daily diet such as yogurt, kefir, kombucha, tempeh, kimchi, sauerkraut, sourdough bread, even pickles and traditional buttermilk. These different foods provide a variety of probiotic bacteria strains in modest amounts and are beneficial to the intestinal flora. Probiotics can also be purchased as supplements and when taken in larger amounts or doses are considered a therapeutic treatment more like a medication. But not all probiotics survive and thrive. What does that mean? For you to derive health benefits, these good bacteria must survive the manufacturing process and storage along with the trip through the gastrointestinal tract once you take them. Since they are live bacteria, all of these factors matter, along with prescribing the right ones for the health benefit needed.Don't miss this. It's the bottom line for therapeutic treatment which we'll tie to weight loss in just a moment. When using probiotics for disease-specific prevention and treatment which means a therapeutic use, it calls for the precise probiotic species that has been shown to confer health benefits for that specific medical condition. Probiotics must be identified by the genus, species and strain. For instance, with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, the genus is Lactobacillus, the species is rhamnosus, and the strain is GG. If the treatment calls for this probiotic and another is used, the benefit is missed.Plus the supplement must provides an amount that works. An adult probiotic should be alive, typically provide at least 1 billion colony forming units daily (also called CFUs) and given in the correct dose and frequency. This is why consulting a professional is so important when it comes to using them for treatment.What about probiotics in weight loss before and after bariatric surgery? Research studies indicate that someone who is a moderate weight has different bacteria in the gastrointestinal or GI tract than someone who is overweight or obese. Also interesting is that there tends to be less diverse bacteria in someone who is obese. Less diverse GI bacteria appears to be tied to more weight gain than in folks who have more diverse GI bacteria. The issue is figuring out the methods by which probiotics affect this GI bacteria, body weight and belly fat. This is currently not well understood. Probiotics may help the battle with weight loss in several ways including the release of appetite-regulating hormones like glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) which may then help burn calories and fat. There is also the thought that probiotics increase levels of fat-regulating proteins that could lead to reduced fat storage. Obesity has also been linked to inflammation in the body. If the health of the GI track is improved with probiotics, overall inflammation may be reduced which may then help with weight loss. Several strains of probiotics in both the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium family have been shown to potentially reduce weight and belly fat with more research needed to determine use, dosage, etc. However, when participants in studies stopped taking the probiotic, they gained back all of the belly fat. So will this mean that probiotics are needed daily and ongoing? This is why we need research studies first.One important word of caution. Probiotics aren't for everyone. For example, if your immune system is impaired due to disease or treatment such as cancer chemotherapy, taking probiotics is not a good idea and may make your situation worse. If you're pregnant or elderly you want to talk to your health care provider before taking probiotics.Until we have more specific research on weight loss and probiotics, remember probiotics in foods such as yogurt, kefir, sourdough bread, tempeh and sauerkraut may improve your digestive health and risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease, reduce inflammation, and even help fight depression and anxiety.Take care of yourself and be good to you…you're worth it.

Probiotics and gut health are all the rage these days. But what is the science behind their benefit? Today we dive into the data when it comes to pro and prebiotics with Mia Syn. Mia Syn, RDN is a nationally recognized nutrition expert. Influenced by her former journalism professor, New York Times Best Selling Author of Omnivore's Dilemma, Michael Pollan at the University of California, Berkeley, Mia turned her investigative knack into a scientific pursuit after falling in love with nutritional science.This episode covers a range of gut health topics including immune and digestive health, fermented foods and supplements, TruBiotics, what are CFUs, and even a bit on vaccinations.

Probiotics and gut health are all the rage these days. But what is the science behind their benefit? Today we dive into the data when it comes to pro and prebiotics with Mia Syn.Probiotics and gut health are all the rage these days. But what is the science behind their benefit? Today we dive into the data when it comes to pro and prebiotics with Mia Syn. Mia Syn, RDN is a nationally recognized nutrition expert. Influenced by her former journalism professor, New York Times Best Selling Author of Omnivore's Dilemma, Michael Pollan at the University of California, Berkeley, Mia turned her investigative knack into a scientific pursuit after falling in love with nutritional science.This episode covers a range of gut health topics including immune and digestive health, fermented foods and supplements, TruBiotics, what are CFUs, and even a bit on vaccinations.

Probiotics and gut health are all the rage these days. But what is the science behind their benefit? Today we dive into the data when it comes to pro and prebiotics with Mia Syn.Probiotics and gut health are all the rage these days. But what is the science behind their benefit? Today we dive into the data when it comes to pro and prebiotics with Mia Syn. Mia Syn, RDN is a nationally recognized nutrition expert. Influenced by her former journalism professor, New York Times Best Selling Author of Omnivore's Dilemma, Michael Pollan at the University of California, Berkeley, Mia turned her investigative knack into a scientific pursuit after falling in love with nutritional science.This episode covers a range of gut health topics including immune and digestive health, fermented foods and supplements, TruBiotics, what are CFUs, and even a bit on vaccinations.

In recent years, the popularity of probiotics has skyrocketed alongside the growing interest in the gut microbiome. But do probiotics live up to the hype?The short answer is, most don't. Some probiotics boast billions of CFUs, while others brag about the sheer quantity of different species contained within. The truth is, more is NOT better. In addition, most of these probiotics do not even make it to your large and small intestines and are instead destroyed by your stomach acid, rendering them virtually useless. Joining me today is Dr. Tom Bayne, President of Microbiome Labs, to speak all about a revolutionary new type of probiotic which seems to bypass many of these concernsIn this episode we discuss- The problem with most probiotics on the market- Why a good probiotic does NOT have to be refrigerated- How the composition of your gut microbiome can influence the severity of CV-19- What must an effective probiotic be able to address?- Hippocrates was right––most diseases do begin in the gut, from autoimmune issues, neuropsychiatric disorders to metabolic healthShownotes at: livedamnwell.com/spore––––––––––––––––––––––––––THANK YOU to show sponsor Thrive Market!Get 25% OFF your first order and a FREE gift when you join Thrive Market! (1 year and 1 month memberships available)https://livedamnwell.com/recommends/thrive/––––––––––––––––––––––––––Find Dr. Tom Bayne at microbiomelabs.com––––––––––––––––––––––––––NOT medical advice; not intended to treat, cure or diagnose; this video is merely for educational purposes. YOU are responsible for YOU.

Every time I talk to Chris Nagel, I learn something new. I end the conversation more curious than when we start chatting, and I feel energized and empowered to take a deeper dive, so I become a better water treater. Chris has a background in water treatment and works at Evapco, one of the largest cooling tower manufacturers in the world.   Chris is a Legionella Bacteria and Cooling Tower Expert because he took the time to comb through years of data and reports to find some truly shocking revelations. He didn't take things at face value. He did the math and research to discover something new about Legionella Bacteria and government regulations that I think every water treater should know.   Chris is a passionate investigator and today he is going to touch on what you need to know about Legionella Bacteria transmission, Drift Eliminators, White Rust, Potable Water, Tower Plume, Distributed Water System, Seeding Events, Evaporative Cooling, Tower Louvers, and more.    If you were not able to watch Chris Nagel's presentation at AWT's 2020 conference, we've put a link to that below.    Bottom line: Chris knows his stuff and you cannot listen to today's episode without learning something new.    Your roadside friend, as you travel from client to client.     -Trace     Timestamps:   James' Challenge: “Dig through the AWT (www.awt.org) website for resources (both members and nonmembers).” [5:00]  Introducing Chris Nagel, Legionella Bacteria and Cooling Tower Expert [7:00]  Understanding the 4 types of cooling towers so you can use the right program [10:42]  Ways to educate others and the Media on Legionella and Cooling Towers [17:55]  What are the government regulations around Cooling Towers and Legionella, and are they reducing the number of cases? [21:48]  The problem with the Distributed Water System [25:10]  What do we need to know about Drift Eliminators? [28:55]  Is there an amount of CFUs of Legionella bacteria that is virtually impossible to get out of a modern-day Drift Eliminator? [37:28]  How should we evaluate a Cooling Tower, and talk to our clients? [40:10]  What's the difference between a Tower Louver and a Drift Eliminator? [45:40]   What is a Tower Plume, and can it spread Legionella Bacteria? [48:18]  What resources should every water treater read (*links are below*) [50:05]  What's the one thing you want all the listeners to know? [55:12]  Lightning Round Questions [57:12]     Quotes:  “Legionella Bacteria and Legionnaires Disease is not a cooling tower problem, it's a distributive water modern society problem.” -Chris Nagel  “We educate through data, data sharing, and education.” -Chris Nagel  “Just because we find Legionella in a cooling tower doesn't mean it is the source of the disease.” -Chris Nagel  “It's a slippery slope if we start copying and pasting from one regulation to the next, or we start making assumptions based on what someone else has said.” -Chris Nagel  “Legionella got its name from a Legionnaires convention in Philadelphia in 1976.” -Chris Nagel  “Legionella regulations have not produced a meaningful reduction of the disease.” -Chris Nagel  “The data shows that even if we test more often, the regulations are not helping the Legionella rates to go down.” - Chris Nagel  If we want to get at most of the disease, we need to look more broadly at all building water systems and the supply water systems.” -Chris Nagel  We used to think “How do we treat the water to stop the transmission of Legionella,” but now we can think about “How can we better equip the cooling tower, the device, so it doesn't get out of the machine itself.” - Trace Blackmore  “Make sure you understand your system volume. We don't want to be overfeeding.” -Chris Nagel  “We're water treaters. We need to know how much water we are treating.” - Trace Blackmore  “Legionella Bacteria in low levels in a modern tower is not an indicator of an outbreak or potential outbreak.” -Chris Nagel  “Plume cannot create a risk for Legionella because it is water vapor, not water droplets.” -Chris Nagel   Links Mentioned:  Submit a Show Idea  AWT (Association of Water Technologies)  Episode 186 The One Where Conor Parrish Interviews Me, Part 1  Episode 187 The One Where Conor Parrish Interviews Me, Part 2  Episode 37  Chris Nagel's first podcast on our show and talks about White Rust  Episode 137 Brett Alexander on Cooling Towers, Part 1  Episode 138 Brett Alexander on Cooling Towers, Part 2  Episode 116 how much water is in your system  Chris Nagel's AWT 2020 presentation (YouTube 2020) Cooling Towers, Legionellosis, and Water Management Programs [TRT 59:21]  The Rising Tide Mastermind    Papers Chris Nagel recommends all water treaters read:  Chris Nagel's AWT 2020 presentation (YouTube 2020) Cooling Towers, Legionellosis, and Water Management Programs [TRT 59:21]  IWC-08-21 Cooling Towers, Drift, and Legionellosis (Page 30)  CTI's TP20-19 Impact of Water Surface Tension on Drift Eliminators  International Journal of Epidemiology in 1999, A Community Outbreak of Legionnaires Disease Linked To Hospital Cooling Towers, Calculating The Dose Of Exposure On Response  Journal of Infectious Disease in 2006, A Community-Wide Outbreak of Legionnaires Disease Linked To Industrial Cooling Towers, How Far Can Contaminated Aerosols Spread  CDC's ASHRAE 188  CDC Philadelphia 1 LD Strain Update   NYC Local Law 77 

A little throwback to a Saturday morning at CFUS, one of our favorite days at the gym. Our very own coach Liz Adams sits down with Erin Wahed, who frequents our 7am class. Liz dives in with Erin on lessons learned during her experience with CrossFit, how she's grown, and how her perspective on fitness has evolved over the years. Erin also shares stories about her family that will blow your mind! We have some of the most interesting members, and a big thanks to Liz and Erin for sharing their stories in this episode of the Union Strong Podcast!

This episode we sat down with Jeannie Ruiz, a long standing member of the CFUS community! Jeannie has an incredible story, and shares with us why her life's road, along with so many others, is never just a straight shot. She shares with us why and how she was able to persevere through the many challenges she's faced throughout her life!

Liz Adams has been competing in the sport of CrossFit for over 7 years. On this episode we talk about her walk away from competing in the Sport of CrossFit. Finding a way to crave learning. And learning about herself as she focuses on her practice of mindfulness. Liz talks about “How do I need to be, to allow others be who they are”. And how we often struggle to be kind and compassionate with ourselves. Featured Guest/People Mentioned Liz Adams (@lizadams21) Jami Tikkanen (@jamitikkanen) Annie Thorisdottir (@anniethorisdottir) The Training Plan (@thetrainingplan) CrossFit Union Square (@crossfitunionsquare) Like this show? Please leave a review here - even one sentence helps! Consider including your Twitter or Instagram handle so I can thank you personally! Also, you can also find me at: Instagram (@daniellim_me) Twitter (@daniellim_me) Email (dlim@daniellim.me)

In this episode, I chat with guest Dr. Marvin Singh, who dives deep into two important health topics we need to know more about: antibiotics and probiotics. Both antibiotics and probiotics have a huge impact on our gut health, which in turn, have a huge impact on our overall health.   I know many of us have no idea there are negative effects of antibiotics. We feel sick, we go to the doctor, we get prescribed an antibiotic and we take it without thinking twice. While in some situations antibiotics are needed, they are over-prescribed and causing more harm than good to our gut health.   To ensure our gut health is optimal, supplementing with probiotics is essential. But, if you’re anything like me, picking out the right probiotic is confusing and overwhelming! Do I want 10 billion or 50 CFUs? What even are CFUs? How many strands of bacteria do I want? Which strands of bacteria do I want? There are so many words on the label that I have never heard of before, let alone pronounce!   Dr. Marvin Singh helps us understand antibiotics and probiotics in greater depth, allowing us to make the best decisions for our gut health. He dives deep into the effects antibiotics have on our gut health, what we need to do when antibiotics are absolutely necessary to take to protect our gut health, what we need to look for when selecting a probiotic supplement and how to use probiotics effectively.     What you’ll learn:  What effect antibiotics are having on our gut health  What it means to become antibiotic resistance  How low levels of antibiotics in conventional meat can affect your gut health   Natural ways to treat common illnesses without antibiotics   When it is necessary to take antibiotics   How to protect your gut health when taking antibiotics  The best probiotics for you   What to look for when choosing a probiotic   How to determine which strands of bacteria your gut needs   What CFUs are and how many billions we should look for in a probiotic  The importance of researching supplement companies and the reliability of their products prior to purchasing  The best time of the day to supplement with probiotics   Why you want to cycle your probiotic supplements   How to increase the effectiveness of probiotics with prebiotics  About sinbiotics    Find more from Dr. Marvin Singh:   www.drmarvinsingh.com  Instagram: @drmarvinsingh  Facebook: @drmarvinsingh    For daily fitness, nutrition and life inspiration, as well as glimpses into my daily life, follow me on Instagram and Facebook! Instagram: @morgan.a.kline Facebook: Coffee & Kettlebells Blog: www.burnbootcamp.com/blog If you love everything you have learned from my podcast and you feel ready to take your health, fitness and happiness to the next level, start here!  

When was the last time you addressed dental waterline maintenance at your office? Are you aware of the increased challenges that many dental offices are facing when it comes to waterline maintenance? On this episode, you’ll hear from Mike Rust and Monica Boldt from ProEdge Dental Water Labs. ProEdge serves dedicated dental professionals by offering assurance with highly trusted waterline testing, expert consultation, and product solutions for your dental practice. They’ve been testing dental water for over fifteen years with over 160,000 tests, but more importantly, their dental water experts have helped thousands of practices achieve safe water. In our conversation, Mike and Monica talk about why testing water lines are so important, how R2A helps make water safe, what causes biofilm to grow, upcoming changes to state regulations, how to order a waterline test, and much more. Don’t miss a minute of this helpful and informative episode! Why dental waterline maintenance is so important. Everyone gets why water testing our drinking water is so important, but if that water is treated and tested regularly, why do we need additional dental waterline maintenance? According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), safe water should contain less than 500 Colony Forming Units (CFU) per milliliter. Unfortunately, on average three out of ten dental waterlines tested have over 500 CFUs per milliliter. Dental offices that want to stay ahead of the curve need to make sure that they have a plan in place that will keep their patients safe. Stay ahead of the curve and keep your patients safe! Even for those dental offices that put a plan in place, dangers still lurk in the water. The team at ProEdge has identified two reasons that lead to failed waterline tests. Not all products are easily implemented Some products are not as effective as advertised Is your plan fool-proof? Could you be missing critical factors that will leave your practice open to liability? ProEdge has over fifteen years in the dental waterline maintenance industry, and they’ve completed over 165,000 waterline tests. To learn more about the amazing solutions they’ve created for dental offices like yours, make sure to check out the link to their website located in the resources section at the end of this post. What to expect when you get your waterline tested. If you are ready to update your dental waterline maintenance program or put a plan on paper for the first time, you’ve come to the right place! On this episode, Mike Rust and Monica Boldt explain what dental offices like yours can expect when you decide to get your waterline tested. When you order ProEdge’s standard kit, you’ll receive one mailer kit, lab service, and one sample vial. Once you have the kit, you’ll proceed to collect water samples from each dental unit in separate test vials and place it in the provided mailer; the samples are then received and processed immediately. Once the testing has been completed, a full test results report is faxed or emailed to you after the samples are processed (7 Days). For a full breakdown on the waterline testing process and more details on this subject, make sure to listen to this episode! Outline of This Episode [0:22] I introduce my guests, Mike Rust and Monica Boldt. [2:20] Mike talks about testing water lines. [6:45] How does R2A work? [9:45] What is biofilm and how does it impact our drinking water? [14:00] Why it is important to take care of your water sources. [19:30] Washington and California will soon have regulations regarding water testing. [23:00] How to order a water test and what to expect. [27:15] Closing thoughts. Resources & People Mentioned ProEdge ProEdge on Twitter ProEdge on Facebook Connect With Duane https://www.dentalcompliance.com/ toothcop(at)dentalcompliance.com On Facebook On Twitter On LinkedIn On Youtube

In this episode of The Perfect Stool, host Lindsey Parsons speaks with Dr. Xerxes López-Yglesias, CEO of General Biotics, the company that created and distributes Equilibrium Probiotic, which is the highest strain count probiotic currently available on the market. They discuss the origin of Equilibrium, its benefits, different strains of probiotics, how many colony forming units (CFUs) are necessary in a probiotic, soil-based probiotics, anaerobic bacteria and more. You can find more information on your host, Lindsey Parsons, EdD, Certified Health Coach, at High Desert Health in Tucson, Arizona. Lindsey coaches women locally and nationwide on improving autoimmune, thyroid and digestive issues naturally and in losing weight without cutting or counting calories so that they can keep it off for life. You can also follow Lindsey on Facebook, Twitter or Instagram. Links: General Biotics' web site: https://www.generalbiotics.com/ Equilibrium Probiotic's web site: https://equilibriumprobiotic.com/, (use my affiliate code HDH15OFF for 15% off), Amazon: https://amzn.to/2RrbRX1 and email: equilibriumprobiotic@gmail.com General Biotics on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/generalbiotics/ Equilibrium Probiotic on Facebook (follow for coupon codes): https://www.facebook.com/equilibriumprobiotic/ General Biotics on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/generalbioticsin/ Equilibrium Probiotic on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/equilibriumprobiotic/ Equilibrium Probiotic on Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/equilibriumprobiotic/ Lindsey Parsons' web site: High Desert Health: http://highdeserthealthcoaching.com and email: lindsey@highdeserthealthcoaching.com High Desert Health on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HighDesertHealth/ High Desert Health on Twitter: https://twitter.com/HDesertHealth or @HDesertHealth High Desert Health on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/high.desert.health/ or @high.desert.health Credits:   Thank you to SoundDot for the music on the podcast: Royalty Free Music: www.soundotcom.com

Todd Youngblood- Chili Pad ----------------   Todd Youngblood Chili Pad Game of Lifer's we have a GREAT one for you today. When I can say that I learned multiple things through this conversation to add to my life, that's saying something!! Trust me, I think I'm a nut when it comes to the most important thing you can do for your body...Not working out, not even nutrition, SLEEEEEEEEEEP. And the guest today, well his grandfather actually invented the waterbed. yeah, the waterbed. That super cool 1980's bed that made you feel like you were sleeping on the ocean. Well, good feeling or not what better industry for this guy to get into than sleep itself. And he is not only getting the best sleep himself and teaching you how to do so - him and his company Chili Pad is literally changing the world of sleep. When I tell professional athletes the one best way to drastically improve their deep sleep, increase their HRV, and recover to the max every night the one thing I tell them they need to add into their life is the Chili Pad. Literally has changed my life. I'm not just saying that. I wouldn't bring this guy on to tell the story of his personal struggle with sleep and how you, YOU RIGHT THERE RIGHT NOW LISTENING TO THIS PODCAST can increase your sleep performance. And trust me when you do, you're whole world will change. I haven't woke up one morning since using the Chili Pad where I haven't felt rested. I know it seems tough to believe but trust me once you try it you will thank me. I'm helping him and his company at Chili Pad get these into as many NBA players hands as possible and the ones that have used it have seen a DRASTIC impact. Ladies and gentlemen, Game of Lifer's, 1%-ers, please welcome the sleep wizard and mad scientist behind the Chili Pad to the podcast Mr. Todd Youngblood. Buckle up - your sleep issues could be cured in less than 30 minutes...Here we go.   --------------------------- SPONSOR AMPLE - https://www.amplemeal.com/pages/nutrition   ENTER CODE NURSE at checkout and get 15% off entire order Nutritional Profile Healthy Fats We carefully selected a blend of plant-based fats from coconut, macadamia nut, chia seed, and sunflower. These provide a healthy dose of MCTs, omega-3 fatty acids, and monounsaturated fats for fueling the brain and body with energy, while controlling inflammation. Quality Proteins Ample Original combines grass-fed whey protein to provide sufficient BCAAs, grass-fed collagen to support joint health, and pea protein for a complete, nutrient-dense, and highly bioavailable blend. Ample V pairs organic pea protein with organic brown rice protein for a plant-based balance of complete proteins. Clean Carbohydrates Keeping sugar low and fiber content high, we designed our carbohydrate content to nourish our probiotic blend with a low glycemic impact. Our starches are from organic sweet potatoes and tapioca. Probiotics We chose six potent strains for our probiotic blend, packing Ample with more than 10x the probiotic content of your morning yogurt. Each meal includes 40 billion colony-forming units (CFUs) to optimize for gut microbiome and digestive health. Fiber + Prebiotics We combined four types of fiber and prebiotics to optimally flourish a healthy gut microbiome, feed our probiotics, and keep you full longer. Ample contains fiber from acacia, organic Jerusalem artichoke inulin, organic psyllium husk, and banana resistant starch. Plant-Based Micronutrients Our blend of organic greens is carefully sourced to provide a concentrated boost of nutrients and antioxidants for fighting off free radicals. This blend includes organic wheatgrass, organic barley grass, organic chlorella, and organic cocoa. Other Ingredients Dried Honey*, Himalayan Sea Salt, Natural Flavors, Lemon Juice Powder*, Cinnamon, Monk Fruit Extract, Stevia Extract     All about Todd and Chili Pad   Website - https://www.google.com/search?q=chillipad&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-b-ab   Enter CODE DNBBall30 at checkout for 30% off entire order (over $100!!!!)

What is Candida and how do you know if you have it? Today in the podcast I talk about my experience with Candida and how I was able to get rid of it. I take you through a journey of how to find out if you have it, what it is and how to neutralize it and find a balance in your life. As always my goal is to educate, inform and uplift you so it may seem a little daunting to dive into this topic, but I promise you that if you heal your body of yeast mold and fungus, your life will be amazing and you will have a much higher chance of avoiding many of today's modern diseases such as diabetes, cancer, thyroiditis and so much more (even acne is tied to candida).    Why am I talking about Candida? An overgrowth is a very common condition It is especially prolific among people with autoimmune. People are suffering from digestive issues, fatigue, brain fog, recurring fungal infections, skin problems, mood swings, and more, and a lot of times this can be caused by Candida overgrowth! I had candida since birth and by cleansing and making dietary changes I was able to transform my health and git rid of candida. I've witnessed my energy and vitality returning, my mental clarity restored, and chronic symptoms fade away.   What is Candida? Candida is a fungus, which is a form of yeast, a very small amount of which lives in your mouth and intestines. Its job is to aid with digestion and nutrient absorption, but when it is overproduced it breaks down the wall of the intestine and penetrates the bloodstream, releasing toxic byproducts into your body and causing leaky gut. This can lead to many different health problems ranging from digestive issues to depression.   The healthy or ‘good' bacteria in your gut typically keeps your Candida levels in check. However, the Candida population can get out of hand if a round of antibiotics kill too many of those friendly bacteria, you have a diet high in refined carbohydrates and sugar (which feed the Candida), high alcohol intake, are taking oral contraceptives, or any number of other factors including a high-stress lifestyle. Even a diet high in fermented foods like Kombucha, sauerkraut, kefir and pickles, can feed Candida causing an overgrowth. 10 Common Candida Symptoms-sourced from: https://amymyersmd.com/sp/candida-breakthrough-challenge/ Candida has the unique ability to change shape in order to protect itself from harsh environments. It responds to a shift in temperature or acidity levels by transforming from a rounded yeast cell into an elongated hyphal cell. These elongated cells have the ability to permeate the gut lining, causing leaky gut, and, once in the bloodstream, invade other tissues. This means that Candida can quickly transition from a gut problem to a full-body problem as it colonizes the skin, mouth, ears, thyroid, genitourinary organs, or elsewhere. For this reason, Candida overgrowth symptoms are wide-ranging and can present as the following: Skin and nail fungal infections such as athlete's foot, ringworm, and toenail fungus Feeling tired and worn down or suffering from chronic fatigue Digestive issues such as bloating, constipation, or diarrhea Autoimmune disease such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, lupus, psoriasis, scleroderma, or multiple sclerosis Difficulty concentrating, poor memory, lack of focus, ADD, ADHD, and/or brain fog Skin issues such as eczema, psoriasis, hives, and rashes Irritability, mood swings, anxiety, or depression Vaginal infections , urinary tract infections, rectal itching, or vaginal itching Severe seasonal allergies or itchy ears Strong sugar and refined carbohydrate cravings Do you think you have Candida overgrowth? Take this simple quiz to find out! The Candida & Autoimmune Connection Once Candida has penetrated your intestinal lining and caused your gut to become leaky, it opens the floodgates for undigested food particles, toxins, viruses, and bacteria to pass through your intestinal wall and into your bloodstream. This triggers an inflammatory response from your immune system in an attempt to fight off these foreign “invaders”. As your gut remains leaky, your immune system continues sending out wave after wave of inflammation, and soon gets stressed, weakened, confused, and begins firing less accurately. When this happens, your own body's tissues can end up in the crosshairs of your immune system. Over time this can lead you to develop full-blown autoimmune disease. How do you test for Candida overgrowth? Blood tests check for IgG, IgA, and IgM Candida antibodies in your blood, and can be performed at most any lab. High levels of these antibodies indicate that an overgrowth of Candida is present somewhere in the body and that your immune system is reacting to it. Remember, Candida has the ability to suppress the immune system so it is important to ask your doctor to test your total IgG, IgA and IgM levels along with the Candida antibodies.  Low levels of total IgG, IgA or IgM could cause a false negative response to the Candida antibodies, meaning you have Candida but since your immune system is lowered, you are unable to produce a response and your blood test comes back negative. Since many people have suppressed immune systems, blood tests can often be negative even when the stool or urine tests are positive. Complete Blood Count (CBC) A low white blood cell count (WBC) has been associated with Candida overgrowth as well as a pattern of high neutrophil and low lymphocyte count. this pattern is very common in those with Candida overgrowth. Stool Testing This appears to be the most accurate test available. This will check for Candida in your colon or lower intestines. However, you need to make sure that your doctor orders a comprehensive stool test rather than the standard stool test. With the stool test, your stool is directly analyzed for levels of Candida. The lab can usually determine the species of yeast as well as which treatment will be effective. How do you treat Candida overgrowth? Effectively treating Candida involves stopping the overgrowth, restoring the friendly bacteria that usually keep them in check, and repairing your gut so that Candida can no longer enter your bloodstream.  accomplish this with a simple and proven three-wave attack in my 30-day Candida Breakthrough™ Program. The steps are as follows: Step 1: First, you need to starve the Candida by removing the foods that feed it from your diet. This means cutting all sugar and alcohol, and limiting carbohydrates such as fruit, starchy vegetables, grains, and legumes. Step 2: Next, you'll want to attack the Candida by taking supplements that destroy Candida's cell walls. I like to use Candifense™ as well as Caprylic Acid, both of which are excellent at breaking down the walls of Candida cells. Step 3: Finally, you will repopulate your gut with good bacteria using a high-potency probiotic to keep Candida under control. While battling Candida, I recommend a probiotic supplement containing 100 billion colony-forming units (CFUs) to restore your gut's healthy microbial balance.     BEFORE YOU BEGIN   How to know if you have Candida –blood or stool test Cleaning out your fridge and cupboards before you start of the foods that don't serve you Neutralizers: How to get the pathogens out for good…Caprylic Acid, Anti Fungals, Undeenoic Acid (Elaina's favorite!) Liver Flush: https://purejoyplanet.com/course/liver-flush-cleanse/ (this will answer a lot of questions and get you going on taking charge of your health) it can be a good place to start before you begin a Candida cleanse! Protocol: Daily: Journaling- why do we eat…getting to the emotional bottom of things Meditation (insight timer app) Colonics and Enemas Coffee Enemas Metabolic Enzymes Digestive enzymes Probiotics Lemon water and Lemonade with soda water, lemon and stevia Pau D Arco tea and Breakstone (chanca piedra) tea   Sugar cravings Triumph over them with simple tricks like using stevia or carbonated water with lemon Emotional triggers- journal, meditation, vision boards and hypnosis. Surrounding yourself with the right people, places and things   Herkzeimers die off and how to Hack it Supplements Homeopathics Colonics and Enemas Coffee Enemas Charcoal Metabolic Enzymes The diet Week 1 1.Eliminate all sweet foods except: Green Apples, Berries, stevia and lemons/limes Foods to avoid: fermented foods, sweeteners, trigger foods, carbohydrates, fruit juices, soy, grains Foods you can still have this week: quinoa, millet, sweet potatoes   Week 2 We go deeper into elimination…Eliminate all grains, chocolate, carob, and more…. Week 3- Continue to eliminate all fruit and legumes and anything else you are eating that is high carbohydrate. Week 4- Keep on course, if you have set backs just jump right back on board.             2nd month- Eliminate all fruit except lemons, limes and their peels, cranberries Begin your first Liver Cleanse 3rd month Liver Cleanse Maintenance and beyond- How not to UNDO your hard work 4 more liver cleanses Regular parasite cleanses Colon Cleanse- My favorite: Blessed Herbs and https://revelationhealth.com/collections/detox-and-cleansing (I'm using the true cellular detox program) Continued Support…6 months to 1 year   CANDIDA CLEANSE WITH UNDECENOIC ACID- In my opinion the best candida cleanse! https://www.candidaplan.com/how-it-works/ Dr Hulda Clark has all kinds of cleanses To join our Ketogenic (does not feed candida) Lovecamp program: https://online.purejoyplanet.com/p/vegan-keto-diet-program-new-years Thank you for listening! Please subscribe, RATE and review my podcast so I can keep bringing you more healing information to bring Pure Joy to your life! Elaina Love

In this podcast episode, we speak with Ross Pelton, RRh, CCN, about the variety of mechanisms of action that probiotics have when it comes to reducing cancer risk. Pelton also talks about colon cancer, H. pylori, and probiotic safety and dosage. Finally, he describes how to support a healthy microbiome with a healthy lifestyle. (Approximate listening time is 32 minutes) About the Expert Ross Pelton, RPh, CCN, is Essential Formula's director of science, in addition to being a practicing pharmacist, clinical nutritionist, and health educator in Southern Oregon. Pelton earned his bachelor of science in pharmacy from the University of Wisconsin. A certified clinical nutritionist, Pelton was named as one of the Top 50 Most Influential Pharmacists in the United States by American Druggist magazine for his work in natural medicine. Pelton teaches continuing education programs for healthcare professionals to use natural medicine and integrate it into their practices. He also has authored numerous books, including The Drug-Induced Nutrient Depletion Handbook, which is a gold-standard reference book for health practitioners. About the Sponsor Essential Formulas Incorporated (EFI) was established in 2000 as the sole US distributor of world-renowned microbiologist Dr. Iichiroh Ohhira’s award-winning probiotic dietary supplements and skin care products. Always an innovator, EFI introduced REG’ACTIV in 2015, containing ME-3, a probiotic catalyst that produces the “master’” oxidant glutathione inside the body's cells. A family-owned and operated business, EFI was founded on the philosophy of providing high-quality preventative, supportive, and comprehensive pro-health products for the entire family. EFI continues to flourish and grow through a strong company and product integrity and the knowledge that they’re providing scientifically proven products that positively impact the health and well-being of their customers. Transcript Karolyn Gazella: Hello. I'm Karolyn Gazella, the publisher of the Natural Medicine Journal. Today, our topic is reducing cancer risk with probiotics. Before we begin, I'd like to thank the sponsor of this interview who is Essential Formulas Incorporated. My guest is integrative pharmacist and nutritionist Ross Pelton who is an expert on the topic of probiotics and health. Ross, thank you so much for joining me. Ross Pelton, RPh, CCN: Hi, Karolyn. It's really nice to be with you. I enjoy our conversations. Gazella: Yes. Now, first of all, how does the scientific literature stack up when it comes to probiotics and cancer prevention? Are there published human clinical trials? Pelton: Well there's really not a lot of human clinical trials, but there's really quite a bit of research that has been conducted looking at cancer with probiotics. Human clinical trials are lacking, but there's a lot of work that has been done, cell culture studies and animal studies. There's a lot of work being done in this area. We just don't have the longterm human clinical trials which are very expensive to do. I think there's a lot to talk about because we've got substantial studies that have been published on the relationship between probiotics and cancer. Gazella: Right. So I'd like to begin by having you give us an overview of exactly how probiotics influence the microbiota to reduce cancer risk. Now, there are several mechanisms of action. So go ahead and fill us in. Pelton: Sure. Well some of your probiotics produce compounds that have antioxidant activity. Some of them have anti-inflammatory activity. They help to regulate detoxification. A lot of these functions are due to the fact that your probiotic bacteria produce secondary compounds or secondary metabolites that are called postbiotic metabolites. This is really the new frontier in microbiome science, starting to learn more about the compounds that your probiotic bacteria produce when they digest and ferment the food that you give them. Remember, these compounds have anticancer activity or protectant mechanisms that help protect against cancer. Gazella: So I'd like to focus on these mechanisms of action as they relate to reducing risk of cancer. So let's begin with a more well-known mechanism and that is, as you mentioned, probiotics influence immunity. Describe what the scientific literature tells us about probiotics and the immune system. Pelton: Well we know that 70% to 80% of the cells in your immune system reside in the gut. So it's really critical to have a healthy microbiome, a healthy gastrointestinal tract because that is the bulk of your immune system cells. One thing a lot of people don't realize is in the first 6 months of life, the primary function of your probiotic bacteria is to train your immune system. So it's really critical that kids get a good start in life with a vaginal delivery and adequate breastfeeding and for kids that don't, that's a compromised immune system. The gut is the seat of the immune system, and your probiotic bacteria are what trains the immune system. Gazella: So now, what about maybe a little less known activity which is, as you mentioned, the antioxidant potential of probiotics? This may not be on the radar of some practitioners. Describe this mechanism of action. Pelton: Sure. We know that free radical damage causes DNA damage and can increase your cancer risk. In a highly inflammatory condition in the gastrointestinal tract, there's a lot of free radicals being produced and a number of your probiotic bacteria have antioxidant activity and they also produce compounds that have antioxidant activity. There's 2 things going on here. Some of the bacteria themselves are antioxidants, but more importantly, they produce compounds that have direct antioxidant activity. In that respect, they're reducing free radical damage and reducing cancer risk especially for colon cancer which is a site of a lot of the free radical activity in a highly inflamed colon. Gazella: Yeah. We're going to definitely talk about colon cancer, but now, when it comes to this influence on immunity and antioxidant potential, are there research studies in vivo or in vitro studies indicating probiotics, which probiotics can help with immunity and antioxidant potential? Pelton: Sure. There's both some of the lactic acid-producing bacteria, Lactobacillus strains, and also some of the Bifidobacteria, bacteria that reside primarily in the large intestine and colon. One of the classes of antioxidants that they produce, they're called exopolysaccharides. That's a big word for people, but it just means that there are chains of sugars that the bacteria produce and then they excrete them and they have antioxidant activity. So this is just one of the mechanisms of action by which both Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria are able to produce antioxidant compounds that reduce cancer risks. Gazella: So the research tells us that probiotics can influence gene expression. Tell us how this impacts cancer risk reduction. Pelton: Well various different strains of probiotic bacteria can influence gene expression. They can influence apoptosis, which is the rate of cell death. They can influence metastasis. They can influence cancer stem cells. They can up-regulate tumor suppressor genes. So a number of different ways that probiotic bacteria and the compounds that they produce, these postbiotic metabolites can influence gene expression which ultimately is going to influence cancer risks. Gazella: So now, there's a significant amount of evidence and research showing that toxins can increase risk of cancer. What role do probiotics play in neutralizing some of these toxins or in supporting the detoxification of some of these toxins? Pelton: Sure. This is actually a pretty broad category. There's a lot of different ways that probiotics can have detoxification capabilities. Some strains of bacteria can detoxify or decrease the absorption of a cancer risk factor called bisphenol A. There's a lot of studies on that substance now that show that it increases cancer risk. This is a compound that's in a lot of products that are on the market, especially baby products. Some strains detoxify some of the agricultural pesticides. One of the Essential Formulas' products, Reg'Activ, contains a strain of bacteria called Lactobacillus fermentum ME3, and that strain of bacteria up-regulates a group of enzymes called paraoxonase enzymes. Those enzymes directly detoxify things like organophosphates, which are one of the commonly used pesticides in the agricultural industry. Other strains can directly bind some of the heavy metal toxins like mercury and lead and cadmium. They also decrease the absorption of these heavy metal toxins when they bind them up so they don't get absorbed into your system. They get excreted. Some strains actually metabolize cancer-causing food preservatives like sodium nitrate, and Bifidobacteria are able to degrade and detoxify a very serious compound called perchlorate. We get exposed to perchlorate from fertilizers in the environment and a lot of that in the agricultural industry. Heterocyclic amines are frequently caused by cooking meat at high temperatures. So our middle America, meat and potato people, they're out there with their barbecues and they're producing these heterocyclic amines. Some of the Lactobacillus organisms reduce the toxicity from heterocyclic amines. That's just a number of the different ways that your probiotic bacteria function as detoxifying agents in the gastrointestinal tract. Gazella: Yeah. It's a long, impressive list. Now, I want to get back to the ME3 that you mentioned. Are there scientific studies on that particular- Pelton: There are. Gazella: ... strain, the ME3? Pelton: It is a really, really fascinating topic because Lactobacillus fermentum ME3 synthesizes glutathione. Glutathione is the master regulator of your detoxification throughout your system and every cell produces glutathione, but it's hard to boost your levels of glutathione because, when you take it orally, it gets oxidized, it gets broken down and destroyed so you don't absorb it. But now we've got a strain of bacteria, this Lactobacillus fermentum ME3, where the bacteria actually synthesize glutathione. Yes, we have human clinical trials showing that the antioxidant activity of glutathione produced by the ME3 probiotic bacteria will reduce levels of oxidized LDL cholesterol so you're reducing your cardiovascular risk, and it does a good job of increasing detoxification throughout your whole body. The human clinical trial, people taking ME3 had an astounding 49% increase in the ratio between oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione with the reduced glutathione is the active form. A 49% increase in the ratio of the reduced to oxidized glutathione is a huge, huge meaningful marker. This is really a revolution in healthcare and medicine to be able to boost your glutathione levels on a regular basis because, as I mentioned, glutathione regulates your detoxification. It's also called the master antioxidant and probably protects more of your body than all the other antioxidants combined. This is one area that is just really astounding both in terms of antioxidant protection and detoxification capabilities. Gazella: That's great. So I'd like to switch gears and I'd like to talk about specific cancers. When I think about probiotics and cancer, I often think about colon cancer. You mentioned that previously. What role can probiotics play in reducing the risk of colon cancer? Pelton: Well there's a number of ways that this can happen. Pathological bacteria will convert bile acids into secondary metabolites that promote cancer. When you have the proper acid-base balance in the GI tract, there's a dramatic reduction in the conversion of these bile acids into the more cancer-causing secondary metabolites. So maintaining the proper acid-base balance, which is what the probiotic bacteria do when they produce things like short-chain fatty acids and organic acids and nucleic acids, they create the proper acid-base balance which reduces the conversion of bile acids into secondary cancer-causing metabolites. Your probiotics can also inhibit the activity of carcinogenic enzymes. They suppress growth of bacteria that produce enzymes that deconjugate carcinogens. What I mean by that is that a lot of carcinogens get bound up and they're supposed to be excreted when you have bowel movements, but if you don't have good elimination and so things stay in the colon too long, those cancer-causing things that are bound up can get released and reabsorbed. So probiotics can actually suppress the growth of bacteria that produce these enzymes that are deconjugating these carcinogens. Good bacteria are actually keeping these carcinogenic byproducts bound up so they get eliminated from your body. Gazella: Well speaking of bacteria, it's widely known that there's a connection between H. pyloriand cancer. Can you describe that connection and tell us how probiotics can help prevent or even reverse H. pylori? Pelton: Sure. That's another big topic because now that H. pylori has been discovered and understood, we realize it's the primary cause of stomach cancer and cancers in the upper small intestine. This is an interesting bacteria. It's got kind of a corkscrew tail on it, and it can just burrow its way into the lining in the stomach or the lining in the small intestine. When that happens, you've got a hole in your intestinal wall. Then you get the acids and the digestive enzymes leaking through, creating inflammation, and you end up with a higher incidence of cancer. If you have a good, healthy microbiome and adequate numbers of your good bacteria, you suppress the growth or the overgrowth of H. pylori. There's a little bit of a controversy about whether people should try to totally eradicate H. pylori. Some people, some of ... Martin Blaser is one of the leading scientists that's exploring this and saying maybe we shouldn't totally eliminate H. pylori, but people that have H. pylori overgrowth certainly do have increased risk to gastric cancer and small intestinal cancers. It's having a good microbiome and adequate numbers of your good bacteria that will keep the H. pylori in check and not get overgrown so you reduce your cancer risk. Gazella: What are some of the symptoms of H. pylori overgrowth? I mean how does a doctor recognize this in their patient population? Pelton: Well as I described, the bacteria has this corkscrew tail that burrows through the unprotected mucus lining in your stomach or your small intestine. When you get that hole in the lining, you've got an ulcer. It's painful. Your digestive acids, your stomach acid, and your bile acids and small intestine. Then they go through the mucus membrane which is your protective barrier, and they come into direct contact with the cells that line your GI tract. When that mucus protective layer is breached, then those acids contact those cells that line the GI tract and it's painful. You've got an ulcer and you say "Oh, man. This is sore." So people actually oftentimes stop eating because every time they eat, they get more digestive juices in that ulcerative location. You need to heal that ulcer. Getting rid of H. pylori is one thing, but you also have to take time to heal the ulcer. Gazella: Yeah, that makes a lot of sense. Now so far, we talked about colon cancer, stomach, upper GI. Are there any other cancers when it comes to using probiotics? I mean do you pretty much recommend probiotics as a risk reduction strategy across the board? Pelton: I do because your immune system is so directly related to cancer risk factors. A lot of people don't realize that probiotics have an effect outside the intestinal tract. We now know that things like short-chain fatty acids get absorbed into your system and can actually reduce the risks of liver cancer. It's a whole body effect. These bacteria are not just a local effect in the gastrointestinal tract. I kind of use the analogy of Mission Control at NASA where those computers are controlling your space flights. Well your probiotics and the postbiotic metabolites in your small intestines and your colon are really Mission Control for all health-regulating effects in your whole body. There's a new study that I wanted to share with you, Karolyn, published just recently in a journal called Oncotarget. It's a cancer journal. It says cancer killers in the human gut microbiota. One of the things they're reporting here is that they identify intestinal bacteria that exhibit potent antimalignancy activities on a broad range of solid cancers and leukemia. So this is a relatively new paper just published in July of 2017, identifying that postbiotic metabolites and your probiotic bacteria are helping to reduce both solid cancer tumors and leukemia. It's just an exciting new report giving more emphasis on the anticancer capabilities of your probiotic bacteria. Gazella: Yeah. I think this area of research is going to just really explode. Now, a lot of patients go into their doctor's office and they say "Oh, well I'm fine. I don't need a probiotic supplement because I eat yogurt everyday," or something like that. How easy or difficult is it to get the probiotics we need from diet alone? Pelton: It depends on what you mean by diet. If people are eating fermented foods, that's a really good source of probiotic bacteria, but most people aren't eating sauerkraut and kimchi and tempe and things like that. Most foods don't have probiotic bacteria. People think about yogurt, but commercial yogurts have a lot of sugar which actually promotes the growth of your pathological bacteria and yeast like candida. So commercial yogurts are generally not a good idea either in terms of just not getting a good source of probiotic bacteria. You're really working against the health of your gastrointestinal tract and your microbiome. If people produce their own yogurts, there are some good ones. Yes. But you're really not getting a diverse level of bacteria in yogurt, and a healthy microbiome is a diverse microbiomes which means you want to get a lot of different types of strains of bacteria. The best way to do that is to consume a diet that has many different types of fiber-rich foods, especially the multicolored vegetables. That's the number one food source for your bacteria. Gazella: Right. We have to feed those good bacteria. Pelton: That's right. Gazella: So now, you represent a specific type of probiotic, the Dr. Ohhira's brand. Why do you recommend that specific brand of probiotic? Pelton: Well I'm glad you asked that. I'm the scientific director of Essential Formulas, and Dr. Ohhira's Probiotics is our primary product line. Dr. Ohhira's Probiotics are made differently than every other probiotic in the world. In fact, it's kind of confusing, but Dr. Ohhira's Probiotics is really not primarily a probiotic. It is primarily a fermented food. The Dr. Ohhira's Probiotics are produced in a fermentation production system. We have large fermentation vats in a warehouse, and we start with 12 strains of probiotic bacteria. Then at seasonally appropriate times throughout the year, we shred and harvest dozens of different types of organically-grown foods. There's fruits and vegetables and mushrooms and seaweeds. Then the bacteria get to digest and ferment these foods for 3 years before the product is finished. During that fermentation process, the bacteria are breaking down the foods and producing this wide range of compounds that we now refer to as postbiotic metabolites. As I mentioned earlier, these are the master health-regulating compounds in our system. So Dr. Ohhira's Probiotics have been tested and we find out there are over 400 postbiotic metabolites in Dr. Ohhira's Probiotics. We are not primarily just delivering probiotic bacteria. We're delivering over 400 of these postbiotic metabolites that rapidly create change in the GI tract. You rapidly reduce inflammation, rebalance the acid-base level, promote the growth of healthy new cells that line the GI tract, cell signaling and gut-brain communication directly with postbiotic metabolites. We get what we call rapid microbiome restoration or rapid microbiome repair. Other companies are just giving you bacteria in a capsule. That's kind of like a starter culture. Those bacteria haven't done any work yet. Our bacteria have been working for 3 years producing postbiotic metabolites by the time you ingest them. That's the big difference. Dr. Ohhira's Probiotics is different than every single other probiotic in the world. The new science in the microbiome, the new frontier in microbiome science is starting to realize that it's these postbiotic metabolites that have the master health regulatory effects in the gastrointestinal tract and health-regulating effects for the entire body. So by directly delivering this postbiotic metabolites, we get rapid improvement in the microbiome in the gastrointestinal tract for people who take Dr. Ohhira's Probiotics. Gazella: Now, I know this particular product does not have to be refrigerated. Why is that? Pelton: Well these bacteria learn to thrive and survive at room temperature during the 3 years of fermentation. They don't need to be refrigerated, which makes them very user-friendly. Also they are in a patented capsule that stays hard in the harsh acid environment in the stomach. Then it preferentially releases the contents in the small intestine. So it doesn't make any difference if you take it with food or on an empty stomach. Any way you take it, just the main thing is 2 capsules once a day. Get Dr. Ohhira's in on a regular basis and you'll be maintaining a healthy microbiome. Gazella: Yeah. I'd like to talk a little bit about dosage because honestly it seems like you can ask 3 different experts about dosage and they'll give you 3 different answers. When it comes to dosage specific to cancer prevention, is that the 2 caps per day? What does that deliver in terms of CFUs or different strains for that two caps per day? Pelton: Well 2 capsules a day is the recommended dosage. One thing we emphasize, we're not concerned about how many million or how many billion bacteria we have. There's a numbers game that is really a misconception by people when we're talking about probiotics that they call the bacteria that are available CFU which stands for colony forming units. It really means just the number of viable bacteria, but people have a misconception that more is better. They say "Mine has 30 billion. Mine has 50 billion. Oh, mine's got 100 billion." They think more is better. One of the most critical factors in a healthy microbiome is balance. If you take massive doses even as a healthy strain of bacteria, you're not working in favor of balance. You're actually working against creating balance in the microbiome. So it's not important to have high strains of, high dosages and high numbers. It's better to have a multistrain probiotic, a lot of different strains but at lower dosage levels. I really talk in my lectures and seminars against the high-dose probiotics. I'm not saying they're never appropriate. A product like VSL3, which is a prescription probiotic, I think it has 112 billion bacteria per dose. Those people have some good research and have documented benefits from their high-dose probiotic, but I don't think high-dose probiotics are appropriate on a longterm maintenance basis. You want to strive for balance and diversity. Gazella: Yes, I would agree with that. How many strains are in the Dr. Ohhira's product? Pelton: Dr. Ohhira's has 12 strains. We start out with 12 strains in the manufacturing process. We are a multistrain probiotic. I'm not sure, but Dr. Ohhira may have been the first scientist in the world to understand the concept and the importance of a multistrain probiotic because he created Dr. Ohhira's Probiotics 30 years ago. Gazella: Yeah. So let's talk a little bit about safety. When it comes to cancer prevention, are probiotics safe for the majority of patients or is there any patient or group of patients who should not take probiotics to help reduce cancer risk? Pelton: No, everybody should take probiotics. One of the most important things for health is a healthy microbiome. We now understand that a healthy microbiome is the foundation of health. I think it's important for everybody to realize that supporting and maintaining a healthy microbiome is a critical factor for health regulation. There's no contraindications. I do want to mention briefly, Karolyn, there are 2 studies that were recently published in the journal Cell that have gained a great deal of publicity because they cast doubt on the effectiveness of probiotics. The scientists who conducted these studies stated that their results suggested probiotics are almost useless. There's been a lot of pushback after the publication of these studies. It turns out there was some methodological shortcomings in the way they set up their studies, and there were a very low number of people. I think there was only 8 to 12 people in these studies. What's more disturbing is that it has been learned that the scientists that conducted these studies, they have a personalized approach to probiotics that they promote in their studies. Turns out that they have a vested interest. They have financial interest in this company that's promoting this personalized approach. So it's a very serious flaw and their conclusions should not be generalized of the whole field of probiotics. Allowing studies to be published in which the authors state that probiotics are almost useless is really grossly misleading and a disservice to the general public. Gazella: Yes, I would agree. Now, I often like to ask experts to grab their crystal ball and look into the future. In your case, I'd like to have you tell us what you'd like to see happen when it comes to probiotic or postbiotic metabolite research in the future. What do you want to see happen as we go into this next phase? Because I'll tell you, there's a lot of exciting stuff happening. There's a lot of different directions we could go into. Pelton: You're absolutely right. It is a very exciting field and rapidly evolving. As I've talked about these postbiotic metabolites, the compounds that your probiotic bacteria produce, in the future, we will learn a great deal more about the health-regulating effects of these compounds that your bacteria produce and we'll learn more about which strains of bacteria are more effective at producing some of these health-regulating postbiotic metabolites. I think in the future, we'll probably make a great deal of inroads and progress in designing personalized probiotic programs for people. We'll be able to assess your own innate microbiome and be able to know more accurately how to promote and enhance the growth of your own innate what we call your probiotic fingerprint, the bacterial population that you've developed early in life. I think we'll get into more of a personalized microbiome and personalized approach to probiotics to help promote health in individuals. Gazella: When you think about cancer specifically and reducing cancer risk, I mean now obviously, it's estimated that 1 in 2 men and 1 in 3 women will develop cancer in their lifetime. I mean this is now reaching near epidemic proportions. How critical is it that we look at things like probiotics when it comes to reducing cancer risk? Pelton: Well again, I go back to the immune system. It's absolutely essential that people have a healthy microbiome so that they have a healthy immune system. This is really where it starts. Your gastrointestinal tract and your microbiome are literally the foundation of your health for everything that happens. It is the number 1 thing that people need to be aware of and it's not just the microbiome. As we mentioned earlier, you have to learn how to feed your probiotic bacteria well. This is another key message of mine. This is why diet is so important because you're not eating just for yourself. You're eating to feed 100 trillion guests. It's a pretty big party that's going on down there. Every time you eat, you have to realize that you're feeding your microbiome, and your microbiome is the center and the foundation of your health and your immune system and your anticancer activity. So people need to realize how important it is on a regular basis to eat a wide range of different types of fiber-rich foods, especially the multicolored vegetables, because a more diverse fiber-rich diet will promote the growth of a more diverse microbiome which means your bacteria will produce a wider range of these health-regulating postbiotic metabolites and you will be a healthier person with a stronger immune system. There's a recent study that was just published that shows that, reports that people that consume more probiotics take less antibiotics. That's just another insight into probiotics being able to support your immune system. So these people using probiotics more have a stronger immune system. They have less need over time for antibiotics. Gazella: Yeah. That antibiotic issue, that's something that we ... That could be whole other topic for us. Pelton: It's a big one. Gazella: But as an integrative pharmacist, you share a philosophy with our listeners who are, most of them are integrative practitioners. It's not just about giving a pill and calling it a day. It's a very comprehensive approach, and I like the fact that you focus so heavily on diet and using a healthy diet to feed the probiotics and the bacteria and that you use probiotics hand-in-hand with that comprehensive lifestyle approach which I'm assuming, beyond diet, you counsel people to exercise and get enough sleep and those other lifestyle factors as well. Pelton: Absolutely. Those are critical factors. There are studies now that show that your probiotic bacteria respond to exercise. Exercise needs to be emphasized. So it's diet and exercise, lifestyle. All these healthy things go into creating and maintaining a healthy individual and having a healthy aging process. It's not just probiotics and it's not just diet as you mentioned. It's exercise and sleep and learning how to avoid environmental toxins. There's lots of things that go into it. Gazella: Right. Treat your microbiome well and it will serve you for a long time to come. Pelton: It will work for you. Absolutely. Gazella: Well great. Well Ross, this has been very informational as per usual. I want to thank you for joining me. Once again, I'd like to thank Essential Formulas Incorporated for sponsoring this topic. Thanks so much, Ross. Have a great day. Pelton: Nice to be with you, Karolyn. Always enjoy speaking with you.

This paper is part of NMJ's 2018 Microbiome Special Issue. Download the full issue here. In this interview, naturopathic physician and probiotic expert Donald Brown, ND, discusses the role of probiotics in supporting the gut microbiome. Brown also describes the mechanisms of action and clinical applications of probiotics, as well as strains, dosages and potential contraindications. About the Expert Donald J. Brown, ND, is one of the leading authorities in the USA on the safety and efficacy of dietary supplements, evidence-based herbal medicine, and probiotics. Brown currently serves as the director of Natural Product Research Consultants (NPRC) in Seattle. He is a member of the Advisory Board of the American Botanical Council (ABC) and the Editorial Board of The Integrative Medicine Alert. He was a member of the Board of Directors for the International Probiotics Association (2008-2010) and its Scientific Advisory Board (2006-2008). He has also previously served as an advisor to the Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health. Brown is the author of Herbal Prescriptions for Health and Healing (Lotus Press, 2002) and was a contributor to The Natural Pharmacy (Prima Publishing, 2006), the A-Z Guide to Drug-Herb-Vitamin Interactions (Prima Publishing, 2006), and The Textbook of Natural Medicine (Churchill Livingstone, 2006). About the Sponsor Founded in 1979 by molecular geneticist Stephen Levine, PhD, Allergy Research Group® is one of the very first truly hypoallergenic nutritional supplement companies. For nearly 40 years Allergy Research Group® has been a leading innovator and educator in the natural products industry. Our dedication to the latest research about cutting-edge nutritional supplements continues to this day. Our purpose is to provide customers with products they can use to improve their patients’ quality of life, through scientific based innovation, purity of ingredients, education and outstanding service. ARG is proud to be a sponsor of the Clinical Education LinkedIn Forum, a closed peer-to-peer group on LinkedIn where healthcare professionals can ask clinical questions and receive evidence-based and clinical-based responses by experts in their field. Visit www.clinicaleducation.org/linkedin for more information & to sign up for free! Visit www.allergyresearchgroup.com for more information on ARG and our products. Transcript Karolyn Gazella: Hello. I'm Karolyn Gazella, the publisher of the Natural Medicine Journal. Today we are exploring the impact that probiotics can have on the gut microbiome. Before we begin, I'd like to thank the sponsor of this topic who is Allergy Research Group. My guest is naturopathic physician and a leading probiotic expert, Dr. Donald Brown. Dr. Brown, thank you so much for joining me. Donald J. Brown, ND: Hi Karolyn. It's a pleasure to talk to you. It's been a long time. Gazella: I know. Brown: How are you? Gazella: I'm doing great. I know. This is like old times. And you know, before we dig into this topic, I have to tell you that I am just fascinated by the human microbiome, and it seems like the research in this area has really exploded. Why is that? Brown: Well, I think, again, it's ironic as a naturopath talking about it because we've always talked about the impact that the intestinal tract has on health in general. Immune health, skin health, so forth and so on, and I think that what's happened is that particularly probiotic research has led us to realize that there's these microbes on our body. And we have a tendency in probiotics to focus on bacteria, but what's exploding in this area is that we have resident microbes that are viral microbes. We have fungal microbes that are natural inhabitants of our body. So looking at this, we're really talking about 40 trillion microbes, predominantly bacteria, and sort of the balance that we have with these microbes which are part of our body. And it's funny because the research [inaudible 00:01:54] dramatic, and we have 10 times more microbes on us and in us, mainly in us, than we have cells. And the new data is really indicating that that's not the case; it's about 1.3 to 1. So people who get itchy when they think that they have more bacteria on them than cells, it's not quite as dramatic as we thought. Again, I think it gets back to the fact that we're recognizing the fact that these things play such an interesting part in our health and our wellness, and when it tips in the wrong direction, our illness too. So expanding it out so we're not just looking at the microbes in the GI tract, but the microbes in other parts of our body as well. Gazella: Yeah, I think that's really some of the most interesting parts of this research is that it does expand beyond the intestinal tract. So as it relates to the human microbiome, remind us of the mechanisms of actions that probiotics have. How and why do probiotics even work? Brown: Well, probiotics ... When you think about the GI tract, the analogy I like to use, especially when I'm talking to the public ... talking to healthcare professionals here ... is it's sort of like a busy parking lot. And you have organisms that are health promoting, and then you have organisms that are potential pathogens, and they're looking for parking spots. Remember that bacteria ... viruses are the same way ... have to adhere to cells to be able to be either health promoting or disease promoting. So that's one of the first things that probiotics are doing is they're competing for spots. And once they actually set up house, they then start creating a micro-environment that is inhospitable to potential pathogens, producing things that are anti ... compounds that are antimicrobial. They alter the pH slightly to make it inhospitable for these microbes and really create a situation where, "Hey, this is our home. This is our neighborhood, and you're not welcome here" kind of a thing. The other thing that should resonate with most of the doctors on the phone is the whole idea of leaky gut and intestinal barrier function, too. It's one of the things that probiotics do once they set up house is they're also helping to produce mucin and to sort of keep those tight junctions in the intestinal tract, the cells healthy and intact. And that's very, very important. The other thing that they do is they also, in the colon, are producing short-chain fatty acids which are associated with reducing risk of cancer as we age. Production of short-chain fatty acids act to help with digestive health as well. And then one of the really interesting things that's really been discovered over the last, I would say, eight to 10 years, is that when these little bacteria actually bind, they're communicating through the intestinal wall with what are called dendritic cells which are funny-looking, little, sort of odd-looking starfish type things that send little feelers up through the ... into the epithelial cells. And the probiotics are actually communicating with them to sort of modulate the immune system. So they produce a little bit more of this, produce a little less of this. Inflammatory responses are also modulated through it. And then the last thing and one of the really, really interesting things right now is we're beginning to realize that the intestinal tract is communicating with the brain. So the gut-brain axis is what that's called, and we know that stress, for instance, can actually negatively impact the probiotics in the GI tract, the healthy bacteria in the GI tract, and in turn, through the vagal nerve going up to the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, actually modulates that response. So we're now finding out that probiotics may actually be involved in ... I'm sure you've done interviews where you talk about the HPA axis and stress response. We're now finding out that the GI tract is very, very directly involved in that. So it could be negatively impacted by stress but can also positively impact the HPA axis, which is a whole new mechanism of action which is wild. So we've got gut health, digestive health. We have immune health based on responses with the GI tract. Now we're finding out that there's actually effects on mood, stress response, that sort of thing. And that's not even covering the female genitourinary tract which has its whole population of probiotics that are positively affecting genitourinary tract health as well, so it's big. It's a vast influence on the body. Gazella: Yeah. There is a lot going on here with probiotics. I think that's why I like the topic so much because there's just so much to talk about. So when we're looking at the scientific literature and the research, what conditions have the most compelling research in terms of improved outcomes? I realize that this may be a pretty long list, given the mechanisms that you've just described, but take us through that list from a research perspective. Well, I think what I like to do is I like to start with the things that are accepted by the larger medical community. And one of those is the fact that we've known for a long time that probiotics have a positive effect on prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. So I would put that probably at the top of the list of, hey, if I'm in a room and I've got people who are skeptical of alternative medicine, integrative medicine, that's always a good starting point because we have really solid data that antibiotics definitely are good at preventing that. My background is in pediatrics, and I think another area that has sort of reached a critical mass is actually ... it's fascinating ... is the prevention of atopic dermatitis in children who are potentially at risk. The studies started ... First one was in the Lancet in early 2000s, and basically the studies are looking at mom particularly but also whoever the partner is, and risk of ... that have a background of atopic diseases, allergic diseases, and actually starting to give mom probiotics during the second half of her last trimester. And then once the baby is born, if mom's nursing, continuing to give the probiotics to the mom until she stops. And then, anyway, it varies on the study, but usually then the infant starts to take the probiotics. What they're finding is that it's reducing the incidence of atopic dermatitis by about 50%. That's amazing to me because if you look at sort of tracking the use of the antibiotics in children on a graph and you look at the increase in atopic diseases, so you're looking at eczema, atopic dermatitis. You look at asthma. They track almost exactly if you look at from 25 years ago to now, they track almost exactly. And also cesarean births contributing to that as well where the microbiome, so that's really fascinating to me. I would say the other area, sort of shifting gears, that I think has reached a critical mass is also adjunctive use of probiotics in female genitourinary tract health. So treatment using standard treatments for things like bacterial vaginosis would probably be the top area, but also prevention of recurrence of urinary tract infections. We're, particularly in the bacterial vaginosis area, I think really reaching a point where we have enough data to sort of suggest that, hey, using these things really can help with prevention. And then I would probably put the last one, as we move into the immune system and we really have reached a critical amount of data. Not a lot of pediatric data but adult data now that suggests that routine use of probiotics seems to reduce the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections. So, again, I could go on and on and on. Gazella: Right. Yeah. Brown: There's a lot of stuff. There's a lot of stuff that's emerging and that we're sort of on the edge. But one of the things I think the listeners need to know about is the fact that I think we like to think about alternatives too, but one of the great things about probiotics is that adjunctive use. Obviously it's antibiotics, but Helicobacter pylori, for instance. The standard treatment of that is very rough on people. Recurrence rates are really high, so one of the themes that I always like to talk about when I talk in my lectures to healthcare professionals is that remember that a lot of the treatments that we use for ... Let's take urinary tract infections. E coli are really good at setting up what are called biofilms that are these little bits like taking a Visqueen sheet and putting it over themselves so that you can get to use the antibiotics. You can get to the ones that are not underneath the protective shield, but the ones that are under there don't get affected. So one of the things that probiotics are great about is going in and helping to break up that biofilm and actually make standard treatment perform better, and then continuing to use the probiotics actually reduce recurrence rates. So, and there's reduced recurrence rates, and there's a whole litany of examples of areas where if we use probiotics. I mentioned helicobacter pylori but also UTI's, bacterial vaginosis, where probiotics actually help the treatment go better, outcomes are better, and then really reduces recurrence rates. Gazella: Yeah. That's such a good point and you know, you mentioned antibiotics and how they disrupt gut flora and how probiotics can help reverse that dysbiosis. Are there other medications that kind of do the same thing as antibiotics where they disrupt that gut microbiota diversity and that probiotics may be able to help reverse that? Brown: We're thinking that some of the more aggressive inflammatories that people take may have an affect. That's still sort of in the early phases. One of the early ones, interesting ones that there's still a limited amount of data, but I actually reviewed it, was a study with a proton pump inhibitor, so things that we're using for reflex and that sort of thing, having a very negative effect on the microbiome. So, we're sort of still in the early stages of learning what specific drugs and the effects are. Obviously antibiotics would the be the easiest case study, because we can actually look at the what affects. They've done studies with people who are getting the triple therapy for helicobacter pylori and realizing that during that therapy, the healthy bacteria in the G.I. tract can be reduced by as much as 80%. If we use probiotics, during that treatment, it reduces that to 40 to 50% and then if we continue to use it after, people tend to bounce back quicker. There are other drugs that we know are beginning to emerge that have negative effects, but stay tuned on that one. Gazella: Right. Right. Now, let's switch gears and talk little bit about strains, because I know that that's a hot topic. So, specifically for the conditions that you mentioned in helping to restore gut microbiota that's been disrupted by medications like you were just talking about, what are the more common strains used for these types of clinical applications? If you don't mind my backing that up, I am very, very disturbed when I hear people lecturing who say that strains don't matter. I go to a lot of international conferences. I sit on committees that set standards, international standards for probiotics and it is something that experts who know a lot more about this area than I do are upset about, because there are people out there who are saying that it's species specific and strains don't matter. I beg to differ. I think that it's very, very important that health care professionals realize that, particularly health care professionals realize that ... and Karolyn, you've known me for a long time. We've done interviews about [bontanical 00:16:20] medicine that I'm an evidenced based person. I like to see the ... particularly if we're talking about treating a condition. And so when we go from species level where there's very little research to strain level, we emerge into an area where we know what the dosage was, that was used in the study. Particularly when we talk about pediatrics, we talked about people who might be immune compromised. We talked about older folks like myself. It's important also to ... safety is pertinent too and that's one of the areas that is a little bit of a red flag for me with the whole probiotic area. Particularly on the commercial side where we have this race to do all these different things and some of the species level stuff that's being sold has not been clinically studied. And so, very, very important that people realize that some of the standards that go around a strain or viability is the lack of bacillus or the bifidobacterium strain that you're using shown to be viable. Does it actually adhere in the intestine is one of the things that we now have the ... within the persons body, but we now have technology that can actually show that these things sort of do adhere, and how long they adhere, and how long they stick around. Another thing that's really important that I've given many lectures to health care professionals is they don't think about is that we also don't want these strains, what's called trans located, we don't want them to go from the intestine to the blood stream. And they're having case studies. There was a paper published a number of years ago on people who were really severely immune compromised where the probiotic that was being ... it was a specific strain actually trans located into the blood stream and caused sepsis. People then had to be treated with very aggressive antibiotics. So, we don't want them to go from the intestinal tract into the blood stream. Another one that's [inaudible 00:18:39] ... we're talking about antibiotics, I always chuckle when I remiss on this one is also we realized that hey, probiotics are good for people who are taking antibiotics, but we also want to be sure that the probiotics strain has been tested for not blocking the ability of the antibiotic to do it's job. So, it's called antibiotic resistance. And it can be transferable. They have run into organisms that we think are probiotics that actually have a negative effect on an antibiotic doing it's job, so that's important. I already talked about safety and efficacy. I'm all about that. A silly one that I just want to toss in that's talked about internationally, that I still bump into in the U.S. more so than in other areas is the fact when we talk about being a probiotic supplement, we want to look at the label, and we want to be sure that these stability, or the shelf life of the product is actually been proven to the time expiration. There are still a lot of probiotic products that are sold in the United States that actually declare their potency at the time of manufacture, which is like, well okay, but I have a vitamin C product. They told me the potency when it was manufactured, but it says it has a two year shelf life. Have they actually tested that? Has that actually been proven? And so, remember, these are living organisms. Very, very important that stability or shelf life be proven for these as part of the choice of picking a supplement.  Gazella: Well, I was just going to say, do you have some go to strains that you like to focus on when it comes to recommending probiotics? Brown: I think there's a lot of them right now, actually. That's another area where we could probably go on and on about. There are what I like to call legacy strains that have been around for a while that have a lot of research on them that have ... and we also understand their mechanism of action really well. The one that people probably know the most is lactobacillus GG, which is a rhamnosus strain that was discovered by a couple of guys in Boston. I always like it when they give their own name to the strains. It was Gorbach and Goldin I think were their names, so they named it lactobacillus GG. But anyway, that one has been around for a long time. A lot of really, really excellent research. Some of the bifidobacterium strains from Japan from [Morinaga 00:21:24] is the name of the company, have a lot of research, particularly in the pediatric area. Been around really since the ... lactobacillus GG, since the early '60's, the Morinaga [inaudible 00:21:38] really since the '50's. The Japanese were doing isolation in human studies long before we were doing them here in the U.S. Brown: Another one that I really like is lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1. It's an interesting strain that was discovered by a guy named Dr. [Shahani 00:21:56]. By the way, all of these strains that we're talking about are derived from humans. These are human derived strains and this one was actually discovered and isolated first in 1959. And like the lactobacillus GG and some of the Morinaga strains has a lot of clinical research. It also ... in vitro research that shows that it adheres, that it survives. And then human trials, actually looking at it's ability to treat things like travelers diarrhea, prevent antibiotic associated diarrhea, those sorts of things. When I look at products, I always look at what's the indication? What's been studied? There's commercial strains the lactobacillus, I'm sorry rhamnosus HN001, for instance, in the atopic dermatitis prevention area that has phenomenal studies. And so there are a number of strains out there that have reached that critical point of whether its specific to one condition or have been looked at in other areas that have really excellent data. And again, being somebody whose background was in pediatrics, I'm always also looking at what's your safety data as well. That would be an example of a few strains that I think have really excellent data. Gazella: Yeah. That's good. And you know, not that long ago, we were seeing maybe just one or two species, one or two strains. Now we're seeing multi species, multi strains in these formulations, sometimes six, nine, twelve different species or strains in one formulation. Is that a good thing? Brown: Sometimes it's a commercial thing. Here's my theory and I could easily be misproven [inaudible 00:23:58], but or unproven. Are you misproven or unproven? Which- Gazella: I'm not sure. Brown: Called out for my lack of proof. My answer to that, when I get asked that, and it's more common when I'm lecturing to the public or to managers of supplement sections is that probably for wellness purposes. So if I'm taking a probiotic or if I'm a doctor and I'm recommending a probiotic supplement to be taken daily, I probably would use something that's a little bit more of a multi strain. Sort of a balance between the lactobacilli family and the bifidobacterium family. That's a sort of my go to. And as you get into the senior population, seniors have a tendency to have a drop in the bifido. That's probably dietary related, because fiber and that sorts of things, they like to feed on ... They're probably eating less fiber in their diet. But anyway. Having a balance of a number of strains, is there a magical number of strains? I don't think so at this point. I don't think anybody's proven that. I think the difficulty ... what I say to people is, is that when you shift, it's much easier to talk about a single strain or a combination of a couple strains. You know, in irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, BSL-3 has eight different strains in it. I mean, that's a lot of strains. It's been around for a long time. They use very high doses, but its easier to look at disease endpoints when we do a clinical trials, because we have very clear outcomes that we're looking for compared to what's a placebo, for instance, Wellness studies are really hard to do, so I don't know that there's an easy answer to your question because I don't know if the company after I ... know a lot of them, and some of them have a lot of ... have deep pockets. I don't know who's gonna do a wellness study that shows that, "Hey, if you do this many strains at this potency, that it works better than if you only do one strain at this potency, or if you do nothing." 'Cause those are expensive studies to do. Gazella: Yeah. Totally. And I'm gonna ask you another unfair question, and it's regarding dosage. You know that can be somewhat controversial, still debatable. How do you dose probiotics or recommend ... What's your philosophy on the dosage? Brown: Well, I always start with what is the clinical. If I'm treating a specific condition and I'm using an evidence-based strain I dose it at the dose. And it's interesting, 'cause there's extremes and that's one of the issues when we look at meta-analyses that have been done, so stuff like say, not only was there this cacophony of strains that were used, going from one strain to five strains. That sort of thing. But the dose, the potency and we measure the potency of probiotics, what are called colony forming units so we talk about milligrams or gram amounts of these things. So I always try to look up with what the research showed. Again, leading back to wellness and sort of, regular use. I have a patient who's take a multi-vitamin, who's taking fish oil every day and I say, "Hey, one of the things you should think about is keeping your intestinal tract healthy and probiotics are gonna contribute to that, keeping your immune system healthy." I don't have an easy answer for that. I typically use multi-strains and I'll probably usually go in the 10 to 50 billion CFU per day. Is that correct? Is there clinical data to back that up? The answer is no, I don't know for sure. But that's sort of how I think. The one thing that I can tell you is that I remember a client who decided to go high potency and high potency is definitely [inaudible 00:28:23] was like 25 billion CFUs per instance, it was like a shot across the balance. It was 12 years ago. And I'm freaking out because [inaudible 00:28:33]. You can't go run 5 billion CFUs per day or people gonna be having a [inaudible 00:28:41] reaction or getting thrown out of dinner parties 'cause they're farting and having to go to the bathroom all the time. So what I can tell you is that we have enough data now in healthy people that if we go to, even, 100 billion CFUs per day that we're not seeing any adverse effects. We're usually with this ... How much of that is actually ... adhering how much of it is actually having an impact versus 40 billion, 50 billion or even 10 billion for that instance. So that's another one that's gonna be interesting to see how that evolves. There's obviously, particularly on the retail side in this race to see who can come out with the highest potency with most strains and we'll see how that goes. Gazella: Right, yeah. Well, I think that was a difficult question and you answered it brilliantly. So now it seems like many probiotics on the market are actually synbiotics because they combine pro and prebiotics. Now, what's your view about this combination and why are more companies going in that direction? And am I right, are companies going in this direction? Brown: Well, here's my criticism of that and I like synbiotics. I think the whole concept is an interesting one. On the retail commercial sense, it's been difficult for consumers to wrap their head around a probiotic and then also there's this concept called prebiotics and then again for people who are listening, a prebiotic is basically something that acts as a food for probiotics to feed on and grow and encourage growth even on their own. The issue that I have with a lot of products that combine probiotics and prebiotics, whether it's FOS, GOS, XOS now is another one that's used. Now these are basically complex sugars. Really, for all intents and purposes, kind of fibers. All of the FDAs now said that they are probably not gonna qualify to make the cut. The problem is that if you look at the studies on the prebiotics, the dosages are way higher than what you're gonna put into a capsule. There are some probiotic products that I've seen that have ... that are powders or that are in the sachets where you can actually get the prebiotic up to a dose that actually has any meaningful effect clinically. So remember with prebiotics, we're rack out a low of a gram and many of the studies were as high as 10 to 15 grams. So again, really important to sort of ... And I know this is a challenge for people who are in clinical practice because they're trying to treat some patients with what they think is the best, but it's really an issue of, again, getting back to sort of ... Does the company make an attempt to sort of match up the dosage of the prebiotic that actually showed an effect, a positive effect on probiotics? And that's a challenge. That your delivery yet [inaudible 00:31:50] in capsules, it's under dose. You don't get enough of the prebiotic. Gazella: Yeah, that's really interesting because I was not aware of that. So, that's a good heads up there. Now you talked about safety, but are there any contraindications that clinicians should be aware of? Direct contraindications that says, "This patient should not be on probiotics"? Brown: The area that I'm most cautious about ... I used to think it was premature infants, very low growth weight infants, but there's been enough research. When you ask, probably why the other thing too, that would be our [inaudible 00:32:24] list of things that have really reached critical masses, prevention of what's called Necrotizing Enterocolitis and in very low growth rate entrance ... fascinating and it worked. It's basically saving lives is what we are talking about. The death rate from that is quite high. So used to saying, "Hey, these kids are born ... GI tracts not really developed." That's a potentially dangerous use in that population. The answer to that is "No, actually. It's actually good." I would still continue to encourage on healthcare professionals to be very selective in strains that they use in people ... HIV positive, AIDS, people with really severe immune deficiencies. Cancer patients who ... technically more advanced cancer. Be very selective and try to get to the best of their possibility, look at the data and say, "Okay, this is strain that actually was used in that population and works." That would not ... Those two populations are ... that collection of population severely immunocompromised people is not one that I could, probably just use any probiotic supplement. Particularly multi-strain, high potency without doing any sort of research. I'm very selective and usually do one strain or two strains in that population that I feel have enough safety data. Gazella: Yeah, that's good advice. Anything else that you'd like to add on the topic of probiotics for listeners that you'd like to leave them with? Brown: Again, I just think that it very, very important to first and foremost, and I'm repeating myself. First and foremost look at if you're using it for specific use. We didn't even get into female genital urinary tract health nursing. Really amazing stuff going on in that area. Your oral use of probiotics to actually, finding that they're populating in the vagina and that you're getting significant effects, which is amazing. We used to think you'd have to use everything with ... through a vaginal, pessary type of an effect. So that's it. I think again, trying as much as possible to deal with companies that are trying to ... that are working with strain suppliers or strain suppliers that are manufacturing products for them that are looking at the essentials that we talked about at the beginning. It's really, really important to me. And also again, trying to insist that companies refer back to the data on specific strains as opposed to just saying "It doesn't matter, you can use anything you want." I'm horrified when I go to professional lectures and I hear ... For instance, medical doctor getting up and saying that it's [inaudible 00:35:14]. So it goes against every thing that is accepted in the probiotic world. So, again, a lot of white noise in this area. Healthcare professionals are going to be as susceptible to it as consumers are but that's a couple of areas where I think you can sort of cut through that and try to get to what really has been shown to be effective and safe. Gazella: Yeah. I mean, it's a big topic for sure. We're going to have you back to dig in a little bit more deeply on some of these topics, but I want to thank you for definitely shedding some light on this important topic, and helping us get through it. And I'd also like to once again thank the sponsor of this topic, who is Allergy Research Group. So Dr. Brown, thank you again for giving us all this wonderful information and I hope you have an awesome day. Brown: Thank you Karolyn.

Marcello Some of Marcello past experiences includes: Director of Entrepreneur Development for Utah's Governor's Office of Economic Development. Strategic Consultant. Commercial and Hard Money Lending. National coordinator for EFY youth camps. Business to business software sales representative. Owner of two sound and lighting/disc jockey companies. Executive Vice President of a clothing/fashion corporation. Director of Marketing for an online business. Advertising Manager for Utah Valley State College. Teacher, tutor, trainer, large-group speaker for the Missionary Training Center in Provo, UT. Portuguese teacher. Seminary and religious institute teacher. PURAVAI  Is the purest prepackaged storage water in the emergency preparedness market. When it comes to emergency storage water, even one little bacterium in the water can multiply over time and become billions of bacteria. It's called CFUs (or Colony Forming Units of Bacteria). Tested independently by one of the top labs in the world, our biggest competitor measured in at 3,330 CFUs per mL, yet when PURAVAI was tested by the same lab, the result: ZERO CFUs. That's a HUGE deal because what that means is your PURAVAI water is able to remain safe to drink, even decades later!!  LinkedIn:  linkedin.com/in/marcellosurjopolos Website: https://puravai.com/home12787606 Twitter:  @msurjopolos‏ Facebook:   https://www.facebook.com/marcello Email: marcello@puravai.com Phone:   Advertisers Titan HST https://www.titanhst.com/ EM Weekly www.emweekly.com Resources  https://www.emweekly.com/downloads/category/free-template/  

Lauren Petersen, PhD, is a postdoctoral associate investigating the microbiome and she’s back on the podcast to update us on her research. Be sure to listen to our first interview first! I sent Lauren some of the probiotics we use in our practice, and she said, “they look great!” Lauren did some calculations for the number of CFUs, and she got pretty much exactly what the bottle claims for live organisms, with growth on both Lactobacillus-selective and Bifidobacterium-selective medias. The same was not true for Renew probiotics where her qPCR analysis showed that Bifidobacterium was pretty much all dead. Here are some photos of the Lactobacillus-selective and Bifidobacterium-selective plates that Lauren used to grow the probiotics. She shot for 250 CFUs per plate (based on if all the organisms per gramme probiotic were alive) and that's pretty much what she got! Sign up for our Highlights email and every week we’ll send you a short (but sweet) email containing the following: One piece of simple, actionable advice to improve your health and performance, including the reference(s) to back it up. One item we read or saw in the health and fitness world recently that we would like to give a different perspective on, and why. One awesome thing that we think you’ll enjoy! Here’s the outline of this interview with Lauren Petersen, PhD: [00:00:32] Previous episode: The Athlete Microbiome Project: The Search for the Golden Microbiome. [00:03:10] Prevotella. [00:04:42] uBiome and The American Gut Project. [00:05:25] Scher, Jose U., et al. "Expansion of intestinal Prevotella copri correlates with enhanced susceptibility to arthritis." Elife 2 (2013): e01202. [00:06:33] Probiotics: S. boulardii. [00:08:48] Bifidobacteria. [00:09:54] Testing probiotics: Renew Life. [00:12:06] D-Lactate Free Bifido Probiotic. [00:12:28] Sign up for our highlights email. [00:14:44] qPCR analysis definitely picked up lactobacillus. [00:15:33] 16S vs qPCR. [00:16:03] RNA-Seq. [00:17:20] Whole-genome shotgun. [00:18:26] 60-day Bionic Fiber Program. [00:19:11] Brummel & Brown 35% Vegetable Oil Spread with Yogurt + bananas. I’m not linking to this rubbish because it’s not fit for human consumption. [00:21:25] Akkamansia. [00:21:49] Remely, Marlene, et al. "Increased gut microbiota diversity and abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia after fasting: a pilot study." Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 127.9-10 (2015): 394-398. [00:24:41] Tolerating inulin. [00:25:22] Celeriac root. [00:26:19] Where do the microbes come from? [00:28:33] Antibiotics. [00:29:09] Cephalexin antibiotic. [00:29:56] Clindamycin antibiotic. [00:32:08] Amoxicillin antibiotic. [00:33:54] Metabolic endotoxaemia. [00:39:28] Mother Dirt. [00:41:42] FMT and the Taymount Clinic. [00:42:17] 4-Cresol Vancomycin.

Integrating non-viral vectors based on transposable elements are widely used for genetically engineering mammalian cells in functional genomics and therapeutic gene transfer. For the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposase system it was demonstrated that convergent transcription driven by the SB transposase inverted repeats (IRs) in eukaryotic cells occurs after somatic integration. This could lead to formation of double-stranded RNAs potentially presenting targets for the RNA interference (RNAi) machinery and subsequently resulting into silencing of the transgene. Therefore, we aimed at investigating transgene expression upon transposition under RNA interference knockdown conditions. To establish RNAi knockdown cell lines we took advantage of the P19 protein, which is derived from the tomato bushy stunt virus. P19 binds and inhibits 21 nucleotides long, small-interfering RNAs and was shown to sufficiently suppress RNAi. We found that transgene expression upon SB mediated transposition was enhanced, resulting into a 3.2-fold increased amount of colony forming units (CFU) after transposition. In contrast, if the transgene cassette is insulated from the influence of chromosomal position effects by the chicken-derived cHS4 insulating sequences or when applying the Forg Prince transposon system, that displays only negligible transcriptional activity, similar numbers of CFUs were obtained. In summary, we provide evidence for the first time that after somatic integration transposon derived transgene expression is regulated by the endogenous RNAi machinery. In the future this finding will help to further improve the molecular design of the SB transposase vector system.