Podcasts about retrieved september

Produced by Michael DrittoWritten by Claire Malkie and Michael DrittoTheme Music by Terrance JacksonTransition Music by Kristina WalterHeadline Music by SoundEffectsFactory on Youtube Theatre in the Dark's A War of the Worlds:  https://www.theatreinthedark.com/List of Trump controversies: https://www.mcsweeneys.net/ References and resources.ACLU. (2013, April 04). Equal Pay for Equal Work: Pass the Paycheck Fairness Act. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.aclu.org/other/equal-pay-equal-work-pass-paycheck-fairness-actBiden Campaign. (2020, August 29). Joe's Vision. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://joebiden.com/joes-vision/Biography.com Editors. (2020, August 26). Mike Pence. Retrieved September 19, 2020, from https://www.biography.com/political-figure/mike-penceBurke, L. (2016). NATIVE AMERICAN BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.nacc-il.org/native-american-business-opportunitiesCA DOJ. (2020, August 04). California Homeowner Bill of Rights. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://oag.ca.gov/hborChristopher J. Devine, K. (2020, August 13). Analysis | Do vice-presidential picks matter? Retrieved September 19, 2020, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/08/13/do-vice-presidential-picks-matter/Clyburn, J. (2018, October 3). Clyburn, Booker Announce Major Legislation to Fight Poverty in America; New Report Details Success of 10-20-30 Formula. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://clyburn.house.gov/press-release/clyburn-booker-announce-major-legislation-fight-poverty-america-new-report-detailsClyburn, J. (2020, February 13). MAJORITY WHIP CLYBURN, SEN. BENNET, REPS. PRICE, CLARKE, AND KHANNA INTRODUCE LEGISLATION TO PROVIDE LEGAL ASSISTANCE TO TENANTS FACING EVICTION. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.majoritywhip.gov/?press=majority-whip-clyburn-sen-bennet-reps-price-clarke-and-khanna-introduce-legislation-to-provide-legal-assistance-to-tenants-facing-evictionCNN Editorial. (2020, May 05). Mike Pence Fast Facts. Retrieved September 19, 2020, from https://www.cnn.com/2016/07/14/us/mike-pence-fast-facts/index.htmlCory, B. (2019, October 23). U.S. Senator Cory Booker of New Jersey. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.booker.senate.gov/news/press/booker-clyburn-take-innovative-two-pronged-approach-to-tackling-affordable-housing-crisisEpstein, R. (2020, August 25). The G.O.P. Delivers Its 2020 Platform. It's From 2016. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/25/us/politics/republicans-platform.htmlGale, W. (2020, February 18). Did the 2017 tax cut-the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act-pay for itself? Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.brookings.edu/policy2020/votervital/did-the-2017-tax-cut-the-tax-cuts-and-jobs-act-pay-for-itself/GovTrack. (2020, January 18). Kamala Harris's 2019 legislative statistics. Retrieved September 19, 2020, from https://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/kamala_harris/412678/report-card/2019Greene, S., & McCargo, A. (2020, June 02). New Data Suggest COVID-19 is Widening Housing Disparities by Race and Income. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/new-data-suggest-covid-19-widening-housing-disparities-race-and-incomeGrofman, B., & Kline, R. (2010, June). Evaluating the Impact of Vice Presidential Selection on Voter Choice. Retrieved September 18, 2020, from https://www.mwpweb.eu/1/76/resources/publication_522_1.pdfHamblin, J. (2019, November 15). The President's Cognitive Decline. Retrieved September 19, 2020, from https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2019/11/kings-speech/602050/Herndon, A. (2019, September 10). Kamala Harris: Who She Is and What She Stands For. Retrieved September 19, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/elections/kamala-harris.htmlHUD. (2020). HUD Good Neighbor Next Door Program: HUD.gov / U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/housing/sfh/reo/goodn/gnndabotHUD. (2020, September 15). HOME Investment Partnerships Program - CPD: HUD.gov / U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/comm_planning/affordablehousing/programs/home/JPMC. (2020). The Real Value of Real-Time Payments. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.jpmorgan.com/solutions/treasury-payments/insights/real-value-real-time-paymentsLeveille, V., & Lapidus, L. (2019, April 10). The BE HEARD Act Will Overhaul Workplace Harassment Laws. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.aclu.org/blog/womens-rights/womens-rights-workplace/be-heard-act-will-overhaul-workplace-harassment-lawsNLICH. (2018, October 23). Fair Housing Act Overview and Challenges. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://nlihc.org/resource/fair-housing-act-overview-and-challengesNorth, A. (2020, February 28). What Mike Pence's public health record says about his ability to lead on coronavirus. Retrieved September 19, 2020, from https://www.vox.com/2020/2/28/21156158/mike-pence-coronavirus-trump-administration-hiv-scienceNorth, A. (2020, February 28). What Mike Pence's public health record says about his ability to lead on coronavirus. Retrieved September 19, 2020, from https://www.vox.com/2020/2/28/21156158/mike-pence-coronavirus-trump-administration-hiv-sciencePolantz, K. (2020, August 31). Appeals court denies Michael Flynn and Justice Department's effort to end his case. Retrieved September 19, 2020, from https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/31/politics/michael-flynn-court-case/index.htmlPress, A. (2019, September 18). 'I hope there's an age limit': Jimmy Carter says he couldn't have handled presidency at 80. Retrieved September 19, 2020, from https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/i-hope-there-s-age-limit-jimmy-carter-says-he-n1055836Rascoe, A. (2020, May 22). White House Looks At 'Opportunity Zone' Extension In Wake Of COVID-19. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.npr.org/2020/05/22/859697610/white-house-looks-at-opportunity-zone-extension-in-wake-of-covid-19RealClear Politics Polling Data. (2020). Election Other - Pence: Favorable/Unfavorable. Retrieved September 19, 2020, from https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/other/pence_favorableunfavorable-6013.htmlRNC. (2020, August 24). RESOLUTION REGARDING THE REPUBLICAN PARTY PLATFORM. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://prod-cdn-static.gop.com/docs/Resolution_Platform_2020.pdf?_ga=2.165306300.2055661719.1598124638-455285808.1584478680Scott-Clayton, J. (2018, May 15). The looming student loan default crisis is worse than we thought. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-looming-student-loan-default-crisis-is-worse-than-we-thought/Shear, M., & Goldman, A. (2017, December 01). Michael Flynn Pleads Guilty to Lying to the F.B.I. and Will Cooperate With Russia Inquiry. Retrieved September 19, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/01/us/politics/michael-flynn-guilty-russia-investigation.htmlTrump, D. (2020). Trump Campaign Announces President Trump's 2nd Term Agenda: Fighting for You! Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://www.donaldjtrump.com/media/trump-campaign-announces-president-trumps-2nd-term-agenda-fighting-for-you/Villeneuve, M. (2018, August 03). Report: Trump commission did not find widespread voter fraud. Retrieved September 19, 2020, from https://apnews.com/f5f6a73b2af546ee97816bb35e82c18d/Report:-Trump-commission-did-not-find-widespread-voter-fraudWatson, G., & York, E. (2020, August 31). Reviewing Joe Biden's Tax Vision. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://taxfoundation.org/reviewing-joe-bidens-tax-vision/Yglesias, M. (2020, July 18). Progressives don't love Joe Biden, but they're learning to love his agenda. Retrieved September 19, 2020, from https://www.vox.com/21322478/joe-biden-overton-window-bidenismYork, E. (2020, September 09). President Trump Outlines Second Term Tax Ideas. Retrieved September 16, 2020, from https://taxfoundation.org/president-trump-tax-plan-2020/

Learn about how your schedule might be hurting your health, why the mantis shrimp is able to punch so hard without hurting itself, and who invented the aluminum can. Your Schedule Might be Hurting Your Health — Here's What to Do About It by Reuben Westmaas Your schedule could be killing you. (2017). Popular Science. https://www.popsci.com/your-schedule-could-be-killing-you/  ‌Johnston, J. (2017, June 16). Why your work schedule is bad for your health. Quartz; Quartz. https://qz.com/1006048/waking-up-early-for-work-could-quite-literally-be-killing-you/  ‌Hamblin, J. (2016, October 20). The Health Effects of Night Shifts. The Atlantic; The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/10/night-shifts-the-worst/504800/  ‌Walton, A. G. (2019, January 26). Just One Night Of Sleep Loss Can Affect Body And Mind, Studies Find. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/alicegwalton/2019/01/26/new-insights-on-how-sleep-deprivation-affects-body-and-mind/#65c9e6078be1  The Mantis Shrimp Can Punch at 50 MPH Without Damage, and Now We Know Why by Grant Currin Mechanics of Movement: Mantis Shrimp | The Patek Lab. (2013). Duke.Edu. https://pateklab.biology.duke.edu/mechanics-movement-mantis-shrimp  UCI materials scientists study a sea creature that packs a powerful punch. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-08/uoc--um081420.php  Huang, W., Shishehbor, M., Guarín-Zapata, N., Kirchhofer, N. D., Li, J., Cruz, L., Wang, T., Bhowmick, S., Stauffer, D., Manimunda, P., Bozhilov, K. N., Caldwell, R., Zavattieri, P., & Kisailus, D. (2020). A natural impact-resistant bicontinuous composite nanoparticle coating. Nature Materials. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0768-7  Bowler, J. (2020). Mantis Shrimp Have The Ocean’s Fastest Punch. Now We Know How Their Claws Survive. ScienceAlert. https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-discover-how-mantis-shrimp-can-punch-so-hard-without-damaging-their-claw    Who invented the aluminum can? by Ashley Hamer (Listener question from Melissa) Maxwell, D. (1993). Beer Cans: A Guide for the Archaeologist. Historical Archaeology, 27(1), 95-113. Retrieved September 9, 2020, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25616219 Aluminum Cans | The Aluminum Association. (2017). Aluminum.Org. https://www.aluminum.org/product-markets/aluminum-cans Venton, D. (2011, January 24). Jan. 24, 1935: First Canned Beer Sold. WIRED. https://www.wired.com/2011/01/0124first-us-canned-beer/  ‌Narvaez, A. A. (1989, October 28). E. C. Fraze, 76; Devised Pull Tab. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/28/obituaries/e-c-fraze-76-devised-pull-tab.html  ‌Vanderbilt, T. (2012, September 24). The Brilliant Redesign of the Soda Can Tab. Slate Magazine; Slate. https://slate.com/human-interest/2012/09/can-tabs-how-aluminum-pop-tabs-were-redesigned-to-make-drinking-soda-safer-and-the-world-a-cleaner-place.html    Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Ashley Hamer and Natalia Reagan (filling in for Cody Gough). You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Lance Armstrong captivated America with his comeback from cancer and the dominance he showed in his 7 Tour de France titles.  Lance seemed to have it all – money, fame, and a charity (Livestrong) that was making significant strides for people stricken with cancer.  Would he have been able to achieve greatness without “a little help”?  Would he ever have friends again after suing several of them for things that were true?  We’ll dive into these questions and more in the latest episode of AHC Podcast.      Cohen, K. (2020, May 21). The rise and fall of Lance Armstrong: What you need to know before watching 'LANCE'. Retrieved September 26, 2020, from https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/29177242/the-rise-fall-lance-armstrong-need-know-watching-lanceLance Armstrong Biography. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2020, from https://www.notablebiographies.com/news/A-Ca/Armstrong-Lance.htmlLance Armstrong family: Ex-wife, fiancee, kids, parents, siblings. (2020, April 08). Retrieved September 26, 2020, from https://familytron.com/lance-armstrong/Lance Armstrong. (2020, May 26). Retrieved September 26, 2020, from https://www.biography.com/athlete/lance-armstrongLance Armstrong. (2020, September 21). Retrieved September 26, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lance_ArmstrongMFoxCNBC. (2018, December 13). Disgraced cyclist Lance Armstrong hopes for a second act with a new venture capital fund: 'I don't feel like a failure'. Retrieved September 26, 2020, from https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/13/disgraced-cyclist-lance-armstrong-on-lying-bullying-new-venture-fund.htmlSchrotenboer, B. (2020, May 25). Lance Armstrong says in film that stepfather 'beat the (expletive) out of me'. Retrieved September 26, 2020, from https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/2020/05/24/lance-armstrong-stepfather-see-troubled-childhood-differently/5226525002/Zeegers, M. (2020, June 16). Lance Armstrong's Childhood Was More Tragic Than You Think - Sportscasting: Pure Sports. Retrieved September 26, 2020, from https://www.sportscasting.com/lance-armstrongs-childhood-was-more-tragic-than-you-think/

We celebrate the Ignobel Prizes once again, and this year we take a deep dive into the Physics prize for 2020. Faraday waves (standing waves in liquids or liquid filled objects) look pretty, but can anything filled with like have one? What about a worm? Can you make Faraday waves and resonant frequencies in Worms? What happens when a laser, a worm, and a speaker go into a lab? The result is an Ignobel Prize. Maksymov, I.S., Pototsky, A. Excitation of Faraday-like body waves in vibrated living earthworms. Sci Rep 10, 8564 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65295-4 2020 Ceremony. (2020, September 18). Retrieved September 18, 2020, from https://www.improbable.com/ig-about/the-30th-first-annual-ig-nobel-prize-ceremony/

Join Darby on a segment of "Histories, Harlots and Heros" for this week she will be delving into the story of Mata Hari THE sugar baby, erotic dancer and international spy of the early 20th century. Great Spies of the 20th Century EP. 16 Season 1 [Motion picture on Film]. (2005). United States: History Channel.Mata Hari. (2020, August 12). Retrieved September 15, 2020, from https://www.biography.com/performer/mata-hariMata Hari. (2020, September 12). Retrieved September 15, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata_Hari

One of the founders of the Beatles, John Lennon has been regarded as one of the greatest musicians of all time.  But, over the past few years there have been stories to come out that baby boomers can’t “imagine” are true.  Was Lennon truly an important part of the peace movement or was it all an act?  We’ll dive into that and much more on this episode of AHC Podcast.      Dansby, A. (2018, June 25). Julian Lennon Issues Statement About Father. Retrieved September 12, 2020, from https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/julian-lennon-issues-statement-about-father-251721/Eric Schaal More Articles April 02, 2. (2020, April 03). When George Harrison's Problems With John Lennon Led to a Fistfight. Retrieved September 12, 2020, from https://www.cheatsheet.com/entertainment/when-george-harrisons-problems-with-john-lennon-led-to-a-fistfight.html/Goldman, A. (2001). The lives of John Lennon. Chicago, IL: A Capella.Hey Jude. (2020, September 01). Retrieved September 12, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hey_JudeJohn Lennon. (2020, June 29). Retrieved September 12, 2020, from https://www.biography.com/musician/john-lennonJohn Lennon. (2020, September 11). Retrieved September 12, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_LennonKaye, E. (2018, June 25). Julian Lennon: Here Comes the Son. Retrieved September 12, 2020, from https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/julian-lennon-here-comes-the-son-50763/Newspaper, D. (2008, September 22). Lennon's angry outburst 'damaged son's hearing'. Retrieved September 12, 2020, from https://www.express.co.uk/celebrity-news/62615/Lennon-s-angry-outburst-damaged-son-s-hearingOyler, L. (2015, September 10). You Don't Have to 'Imagine' John Lennon Beat Women and Children-It's Just a Fact. Retrieved September 12, 2020, from https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/ypa9b5/you-dont-have-to-imagine-john-lennon-beat-women-and-childrenits-just-a-fact

Read the full blog post here: Flight 93 National Memorial References 3 Passengers from Flight 93 Call Loved Ones. (n.d.).   Retrieved September 8, 2020, from https://youtu.be/OdDYMIKIElI Avinations. (n.d.). 9/11 | UA Flight 93 - Crash   Animation [X-Plane 11]. Retrieved September 9, 2020, from 9/11 | UA Flight 93   - Crash Animation [X-Plane 11] CBS News. (n.d.). Earliest video of Flight 93   crash on 9/11. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/MfJfbbVHpBE C-Span. (n.d.). Flight 93 National Memorial:   American Artifacts PREVIEW. Retrieved September 8, 2020, from   https://youtu.be/FyZG5UipR-o Flight 93 National Memorial Facebook Page. (2018,   July 20). Honoring the life of Lorraine Bay. Retrieved from   https://www.facebook.com/Flight93NPS/posts/honoring-the-life-of-lorraine-bay-todaya-native-to-pennsylvania-lorraine-grace-b/2205965179443916/ Greengrass, P. (Director). (2006). United 93  [Motion Picture]. History Channel. (2018, August 25). September 11   Attacks. Retrieved from History Channel:   https://www.history.com/topics/21st-century/9-11-attacks Jefferson, L. (2011, 30th August). The Final Call   from Flight 93. (C. Bowers, Interviewer) Retrieved from   https://youtu.be/H-viMzr2nac JeremyMcCracken. (2001, September 1). United Air   Flight 93 air traffic recording. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/4HoGrkNNgB4 McMillan, T. (2014). Flight 93: The Story, The   Aftermath and the Legacy of American Courage on 9/11. Guilford: First   Lyons Paperback . National Park Service: Flight 93 Memorial. (n.d.). Brief   Biographies: Passengers and Crew of Flight 93. Retrieved from etown.edu:   https://www.etown.edu/centers/young-center/files/flight_93/Flight93-Biographies-Passenger-Crew.pdf Stone, O. (Director). (2006). World Trade Center  [Motion Picture]. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/storiesinthecemetery/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/storiesinthecemetery/support

Familia! sean ustedes bienvenidos a este su podcast! hoy les traemos una historia recomendada por Gustavo, un miembro de esta familia, quiero que sepan que estamos super agradecidas con ustedes, por seguirnos, regalarnos sus likes, y dejarnos comentarios, hacen de estas dos simples mortales, las personas mas felices sobre la tierra! . . . . fuentes para la realización de este episodio: https://criminalminds.fandom.com/wiki/Gerard_Schaefer https://www.123helpme.com/serial-killer-gerard-john-schaefer-jr-preview.asp?id=254345 https://seriallydisturbed.podbean.com/p/ty-husted-gerard-schaefer/ http://sondralondon.com/tales/cop/index.htm https://killer.cloud/serial-killers/show/580/gerard-john-schaefer Cole, Catherine; Young, Cynthia (2011). "The Cop Killer". True Crime: Florida: The State's Most Notorious Criminal Cases. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. p. 50. ISBN 978-0811744393. Cole, Catherine; Young, Cynthia (2011). "The Cop Killer". True Crime: Florida: The State's Most Notorious Criminal Cases. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. p. 50. ISBN 978-0811744393. Cole, Catherine; Young, Cynthia (2011). "The Cop Killer". True Crime: Florida: The State's Most Notorious Criminal Cases. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. p. 50. ISBN 978-0811744393. Parker, RJ (2014). "Protect and Serve: Gerard John Schaefer". In Hartwell, Deb (ed.). Serial Killer Groupies. pp. 136–37. ISBN 978-1-5025-4090-4. "Lakeland Ledger". Retrieved September 13, 2016. "Lakeland Ledger". Retrieved September 13, 2016. "Gerard Schaefer". Murderers Database (United Kingdom). Archived from the original on July 10, 2010. Retrieved September 3, 2009. "Pamela Ann Nater". The Doe Network. Retrieved April 28, 2012. "Nancy Leichner". The Doe Network. Retrieved April 28, 2012. Websleuths Doe network "Debora Sue Lowe". The Charley Project. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2013. Bourgoin, Stéphane (2015). Sex Beast?: Sur la trace du pire tueur en série de tous les temps [Sex Beast: On the Trail of the Worst Serial Killer of All Time] (in French). Paris: Grasset. p. 95. ISBN 978-2-246-85511-8. Gerard John Schaefer's Art. Serial Killer Art and Kitsch. Archived May 30, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved May 29, 2015. "Peggy Rahn". The Doe Network. March 17, 2017. 2241DFFL. "Wendy Brown Stevenson". The Doe Network. March 17, 2017. 2242DFFL. Schaefer, G.J. (2011). London, Sondra (ed.). Killer Fiction. Vancouver, Washington: Feral House. ISBN 978-1-936239-19-1.

Familia! sean ustedes bienvenidos a este su podcast! hoy les traemos una historia recomendada por Gustavo, un miembro de esta familia, quiero que sepan que estamos super agradecidas con ustedes, por seguirnos, regalarnos sus likes, y dejarnos comentarios, hacen de estas dos simples mortales, las personas mas felices sobre la tierra! . . . . fuentes para la realización de este episodio: https://criminalminds.fandom.com/wiki/Gerard_Schaefer https://www.123helpme.com/serial-killer-gerard-john-schaefer-jr-preview.asp?id=254345 https://seriallydisturbed.podbean.com/p/ty-husted-gerard-schaefer/ http://sondralondon.com/tales/cop/index.htm https://killer.cloud/serial-killers/show/580/gerard-john-schaefer Cole, Catherine; Young, Cynthia (2011). "The Cop Killer". True Crime: Florida: The State's Most Notorious Criminal Cases. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. p. 50. ISBN 978-0811744393. Cole, Catherine; Young, Cynthia (2011). "The Cop Killer". True Crime: Florida: The State's Most Notorious Criminal Cases. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. p. 50. ISBN 978-0811744393. Cole, Catherine; Young, Cynthia (2011). "The Cop Killer". True Crime: Florida: The State's Most Notorious Criminal Cases. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. p. 50. ISBN 978-0811744393. Parker, RJ (2014). "Protect and Serve: Gerard John Schaefer". In Hartwell, Deb (ed.). Serial Killer Groupies. pp. 136–37. ISBN 978-1-5025-4090-4. "Lakeland Ledger". Retrieved September 13, 2016. "Lakeland Ledger". Retrieved September 13, 2016. "Gerard Schaefer". Murderers Database (United Kingdom). Archived from the original on July 10, 2010. Retrieved September 3, 2009. "Pamela Ann Nater". The Doe Network. Retrieved April 28, 2012. "Nancy Leichner". The Doe Network. Retrieved April 28, 2012. Websleuths Doe network "Debora Sue Lowe". The Charley Project. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2013. Bourgoin, Stéphane (2015). Sex Beast?: Sur la trace du pire tueur en série de tous les temps [Sex Beast: On the Trail of the Worst Serial Killer of All Time] (in French). Paris: Grasset. p. 95. ISBN 978-2-246-85511-8. Gerard John Schaefer's Art. Serial Killer Art and Kitsch. Archived May 30, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved May 29, 2015. "Peggy Rahn". The Doe Network. March 17, 2017. 2241DFFL. "Wendy Brown Stevenson". The Doe Network. March 17, 2017. 2242DFFL. Schaefer, G.J. (2011). London, Sondra (ed.). Killer Fiction. Vancouver, Washington: Feral House. ISBN 978-1-936239-19-1.

Familia, bienvenidos a otro mini miercoles, hoy les traemos la historia de la pequeña "little miss nobody". Su caso sigue abierto y su identidad nunca a sido resuelta. NO SE OLVIDEN DE SEGUIRNOS EN LAS REDES SOCIALES: INSTAGRAM @juegodeasesinos_podcast Facebook: juego de asesinos podcast . . . . fuentes para la realización de este episodio: 1. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Can TV Solve Yavapai 'Little Miss Nobody' case?". Prescott Evening Courier. August 10, 1961. Retrieved September 24, 2015. 2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "'Little Miss Nobody' Buried by Community". Rome News-Tribune. August 11, 1960. Retrieved September 24, 2015. 3. ^ "1960 Cold Case: 'Little Miss Nobody'". Prescott News. March 28, 2018. Retrieved May 4, 2018. 4. ^ Jump up to: a b DeHoff, Faye (March 28, 2018). "Trying to identify "Little Miss Nobody"". News 4 Tucson. NBC. Retrieved 31 March 2018. 5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "NamUs UP # 10741". identifyus.org. National Missing and Unidentified Persons System. November 2, 2012. Retrieved May 13, 2015. 6. ^ Jump up to: a b "Unidentified Girl Buried". The Free-Lance Star. August 11, 1960. Retrieved September 24, 2015. 7. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Case File: 1202UFAZ". doenetwork.org. The Doe Network. October 25, 2014. Retrieved May 13, 2015. 8. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Unidentified Body Found on Desert". Prescott Evening Courier. August 1, 1960. Retrieved September 24, 2015. 9. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e ""Little Miss Nobody" Buried as Somebody". The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. March 2, 1961. Retrieved September 24, 2015. 10. ^ "9 Murder Victims Whose Names Remain a Mystery". Huffington Post. August 25, 2015. Retrieved September 24, 2015. 11. ^ Jump up to: a b c Lee, Jaime (March 23, 2011). "Little Miss Nobody". Retrieved December 27, 2015. 12. ^ "Who is 'Little Miss Nobody'? What Authorities Want You to Know About Decomposed Girl Found in 1960". Click 2 Houston. April 5, 2018. Retrieved May 24, 2018. 13. ^ Jump up to: a b Someone's Daughter: In Search of Justice for Jane Doe ISBN 978-1-589-79420-7 p. 200 14. ^ "Mendocino County Cold Case Identifications Made Nearly 37 Years Later". Arizona Central. March 28, 2018. Retrieved May 12, 2012. 15. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Shake, Ken (November 4, 1960). "Clue To 'Little Miss Nobody' Still Sought". Prescott Evening Courier. 16. ^ "Clue to 'Little Miss Nobody' Still Sought". Prescott Evening Courier. November 4, 1960. Retrieved February 26, 2018. 17. ^ "Officers Still Seek Clues To Identify Body of Girl: Missing Girl in N.M. May Be New Lead". Prescott Evening Courier. LXXVIII (150). August 2, 1960. Retrieved August 21, 2018. 18. ^ "3683DFNM - Sharon Lee Gallegos". The Doe Network. February 4, 2017. Retrieved August 21, 2018. 19. ^ "New Lead is No Help in Learning Identity of Little Girl's Body". Prescott Evening Courier. August 3, 1960. 20. ^ "Footprints may lead to body ID". Prescott Evening Courier. August 5, 1960. 21. ^ "Little Miss: She's 'God's Little Child'". The Milwaukee Sentinel. Milwaukee, Wisconsin. March 2, 1961. p. 20. Retrieved December 27, 2015. 22. ^ "Debbie to Be Buried Beside Sister". The Spartanburg Herald. Spartanburg, South Carolina. Herald-Journal. March 16, 1961. Retrieved December 27, 2015. 23. ^ "Clue to 'Little Miss Nobody' Still Sought". Prescott Evening Courier. November 4, 1960. Retrieved May 14, 2018. 24. ^ "1960 Cold Case: 'Little Miss Nobody'". Prescott News. March 25, 2018. Retrieved May 15, 2018. 25. ^ Someone's Daughter: In Search of Justice for Jane Doe ISBN 978-1-589-79420-7 pp. 200-201 26. ^ "'Little Miss Nobody': Sheriff's Office Hopes Image Helps Solve 58-year-old Case". Arizona Central. March 28, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2018. 27. ^ Jump up to: a b The Long Term Missing: Hope and Help for Families ISBN 978-1-442-25680-4 p. 188 28. ^ Jump up to: a b "Little Miss Nobody': Sheriff's Office Hopes Image Helps Solve 58-year-old Case". Arizona Central. March 29, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2018. 29. ^ "Cold case: YCSO Continues to Seek Identity of Child's Skeletal Remains, aka the 'Little Miss Nobody Case'". The Daily Courier. March 30, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018. 30. ^ "Investigators Reopen 50-year-old 'Little Miss Nobody' Case". Tucson News. April 6, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2018. 31. ^ "1960 Cold Case: Little Miss Nobody". Prescott News. March 28, 2018. Retrieved May 14, 2018. 32. ^ "Little Girl Found Dead in Arizona in 1960 Remains Unidentified". April 5, 2018 – via bigcountryhomepage.com. 33. ^ "Trying to identify "Little Miss Nobody"". March 29, 2018 – via kvoa.com. Musica: Lonesome Journey' by Keys of Moon Music is under a Creative Commons license (CC BY 3.0) Music promoted by BreakingCopyright: https://youtu.be/p5cWMxzzMdA Contact links: Keys of Moon Music https://soundcloud.com/keysofmoon BreakingCopyright Twitter: https://twitter.com/BreakingCopy

Familia, bienvenidos a otro mini miercoles, hoy les traemos la historia de la pequeña "little miss nobody". Su caso sigue abierto y su identidad nunca a sido resuelta. NO SE OLVIDEN DE SEGUIRNOS EN LAS REDES SOCIALES: INSTAGRAM @juegodeasesinos_podcast Facebook: juego de asesinos podcast . . . . fuentes para la realización de este episodio: 1. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Can TV Solve Yavapai 'Little Miss Nobody' case?". Prescott Evening Courier. August 10, 1961. Retrieved September 24, 2015. 2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "'Little Miss Nobody' Buried by Community". Rome News-Tribune. August 11, 1960. Retrieved September 24, 2015. 3. ^ "1960 Cold Case: 'Little Miss Nobody'". Prescott News. March 28, 2018. Retrieved May 4, 2018. 4. ^ Jump up to: a b DeHoff, Faye (March 28, 2018). "Trying to identify "Little Miss Nobody"". News 4 Tucson. NBC. Retrieved 31 March 2018. 5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "NamUs UP # 10741". identifyus.org. National Missing and Unidentified Persons System. November 2, 2012. Retrieved May 13, 2015. 6. ^ Jump up to: a b "Unidentified Girl Buried". The Free-Lance Star. August 11, 1960. Retrieved September 24, 2015. 7. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Case File: 1202UFAZ". doenetwork.org. The Doe Network. October 25, 2014. Retrieved May 13, 2015. 8. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Unidentified Body Found on Desert". Prescott Evening Courier. August 1, 1960. Retrieved September 24, 2015. 9. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e ""Little Miss Nobody" Buried as Somebody". The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. March 2, 1961. Retrieved September 24, 2015. 10. ^ "9 Murder Victims Whose Names Remain a Mystery". Huffington Post. August 25, 2015. Retrieved September 24, 2015. 11. ^ Jump up to: a b c Lee, Jaime (March 23, 2011). "Little Miss Nobody". Retrieved December 27, 2015. 12. ^ "Who is 'Little Miss Nobody'? What Authorities Want You to Know About Decomposed Girl Found in 1960". Click 2 Houston. April 5, 2018. Retrieved May 24, 2018. 13. ^ Jump up to: a b Someone's Daughter: In Search of Justice for Jane Doe ISBN 978-1-589-79420-7 p. 200 14. ^ "Mendocino County Cold Case Identifications Made Nearly 37 Years Later". Arizona Central. March 28, 2018. Retrieved May 12, 2012. 15. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Shake, Ken (November 4, 1960). "Clue To 'Little Miss Nobody' Still Sought". Prescott Evening Courier. 16. ^ "Clue to 'Little Miss Nobody' Still Sought". Prescott Evening Courier. November 4, 1960. Retrieved February 26, 2018. 17. ^ "Officers Still Seek Clues To Identify Body of Girl: Missing Girl in N.M. May Be New Lead". Prescott Evening Courier. LXXVIII (150). August 2, 1960. Retrieved August 21, 2018. 18. ^ "3683DFNM - Sharon Lee Gallegos". The Doe Network. February 4, 2017. Retrieved August 21, 2018. 19. ^ "New Lead is No Help in Learning Identity of Little Girl's Body". Prescott Evening Courier. August 3, 1960. 20. ^ "Footprints may lead to body ID". Prescott Evening Courier. August 5, 1960. 21. ^ "Little Miss: She's 'God's Little Child'". The Milwaukee Sentinel. Milwaukee, Wisconsin. March 2, 1961. p. 20. Retrieved December 27, 2015. 22. ^ "Debbie to Be Buried Beside Sister". The Spartanburg Herald. Spartanburg, South Carolina. Herald-Journal. March 16, 1961. Retrieved December 27, 2015. 23. ^ "Clue to 'Little Miss Nobody' Still Sought". Prescott Evening Courier. November 4, 1960. Retrieved May 14, 2018. 24. ^ "1960 Cold Case: 'Little Miss Nobody'". Prescott News. March 25, 2018. Retrieved May 15, 2018. 25. ^ Someone's Daughter: In Search of Justice for Jane Doe ISBN 978-1-589-79420-7 pp. 200-201 26. ^ "'Little Miss Nobody': Sheriff's Office Hopes Image Helps Solve 58-year-old Case". Arizona Central. March 28, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2018. 27. ^ Jump up to: a b The Long Term Missing: Hope and Help for Families ISBN 978-1-442-25680-4 p. 188 28. ^ Jump up to: a b "Little Miss Nobody': Sheriff's Office Hopes Image Helps Solve 58-year-old Case". Arizona Central. March 29, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2018. 29. ^ "Cold case: YCSO Continues to Seek Identity of Child's Skeletal Remains, aka the 'Little Miss Nobody Case'". The Daily Courier. March 30, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018. 30. ^ "Investigators Reopen 50-year-old 'Little Miss Nobody' Case". Tucson News. April 6, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2018. 31. ^ "1960 Cold Case: Little Miss Nobody". Prescott News. March 28, 2018. Retrieved May 14, 2018. 32. ^ "Little Girl Found Dead in Arizona in 1960 Remains Unidentified". April 5, 2018 – via bigcountryhomepage.com. 33. ^ "Trying to identify "Little Miss Nobody"". March 29, 2018 – via kvoa.com. Musica: Lonesome Journey' by Keys of Moon Music is under a Creative Commons license (CC BY 3.0) Music promoted by BreakingCopyright: https://youtu.be/p5cWMxzzMdA Contact links: Keys of Moon Music https://soundcloud.com/keysofmoon BreakingCopyright Twitter: https://twitter.com/BreakingCopy

¡Bienvenidos una vez mas a Juego de Asesinos! Esta vez viajamos de Argentina a Alaska para contarles la historia de un asesino en serie brutal, acompáñanos una vez mas y te damos todos los detalles. Fuentes para la realizacion de este episodio: https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/robert-hansen-44430.php https://www.ranker.com/list/disturbing-robert-hansen-facts/jacob-shelton https://cvltnation.com/the-demented-case-of-robert-hansen-an-alaskan-serial-killer-who-hunted-down-his-victims/ https://allthatsinteresting.com/robert-hansen https://www.aetv.com/real-crime/alaska-serial-killer-robert-hansen · Shedlock, Jerzy (June 27, 2014). "'Butcher Baker' Robert Hansen moved to Anchorage for medical treatment". Alaska Dispatch. · · Klint, Chris (August 21, 2014). "Serial Killer Robert Hansen Dies in Anchorage". KTTU News. NBC. Retrieved August 21, 2014. · · DuClos, Bernard (1993). Fair Game. Svolvær, Lofoten Islands, Norway: Mondo. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-312-92905-3. · · DuClos, Bernard (1993). Fair Game. Svolvær, Lofoten Islands, Norway: Mondo. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-312-92905-3. · · D'Oro, Rachel (August 22, 2014). "Robert Hansen, convicted serial killer in Alaska, dies at 75". Washington Post. Retrieved January 2, 2017. · · Gilmour, Walter; Hale, Leland E. (1991). Butcher, Baker: a true account of a serial murderer. New York City: Onyx Books. pp. 93–94. ISBN 9781578332236. · · Lundberg, Murray (February 11, 2000). "Robert Hansen: A Serial Killer In Alaska". Explore North. Retrieved July 29, 2019. · · Tidemann, Michael (August 22, 2014). "Estherville-born serial killer dies". Estherville Daily News. Estherville, Iowa: Estherville Publications, Inc. Retrieved August 15, 2019. · · Hansen v. State. Justia. August 11, 1978. Retrieved December 26, 2018. · · "Slayer in Alaska was Jailed in Other Cases, Judge Notes". The New York Times. February 29, 1984. Retrieved December 26, 2018. · · DuClos, pg. 40 · · Newton, Jennifer (September 4, 2014). "'We just want her to be identified': Body of Alaska serial killer victim exhumed 30 years after she was found dead". Mail Online. London, England: Daily Mail and General Trust. Retrieved December 24, 2015. · · DuClos, pg. 38 · · DuClos, pg. 241 · · DuClos, pg. 230 · · Andrews, Laurel; Hopkins, Kyle (August 22, 2014). "Serial killer Hansen dies; "World is better without him", trooper says". Anchorage Daily News. · · Lohr, David. "Hunting Humans". crimelibrary.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved June 26, 2014. · · Selina, Leavitt (September 5, 2014). "Serial Killer's Victim Exhumed In Alaska: Who Is 'Horseshoe Harriet'?". Iquisitr. Retrieved September 6, 2014. · · Staskiewics, Keith (August 5, 2011). "Serial Killer on the Big Screen". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved May 25, 2014. · · "Alaska: Ice Cold Killers episode 'Hunting Humans'". IMDb. Retrieved August 22, 2014. · "Anchorage: Robert Hansen's Most Dangerous Game, the Legend of Blackjack Sturges, Eskimo Hu". TVGuide. February 21, 2012

¡Bienvenidos una vez mas a Juego de Asesinos! Esta vez viajamos de Argentina a Alaska para contarles la historia de un asesino en serie brutal, acompáñanos una vez mas y te damos todos los detalles. Fuentes para la realizacion de este episodio: https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/robert-hansen-44430.php https://www.ranker.com/list/disturbing-robert-hansen-facts/jacob-shelton https://cvltnation.com/the-demented-case-of-robert-hansen-an-alaskan-serial-killer-who-hunted-down-his-victims/ https://allthatsinteresting.com/robert-hansen https://www.aetv.com/real-crime/alaska-serial-killer-robert-hansen · Shedlock, Jerzy (June 27, 2014). "'Butcher Baker' Robert Hansen moved to Anchorage for medical treatment". Alaska Dispatch. · · Klint, Chris (August 21, 2014). "Serial Killer Robert Hansen Dies in Anchorage". KTTU News. NBC. Retrieved August 21, 2014. · · DuClos, Bernard (1993). Fair Game. Svolvær, Lofoten Islands, Norway: Mondo. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-312-92905-3. · · DuClos, Bernard (1993). Fair Game. Svolvær, Lofoten Islands, Norway: Mondo. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-312-92905-3. · · D'Oro, Rachel (August 22, 2014). "Robert Hansen, convicted serial killer in Alaska, dies at 75". Washington Post. Retrieved January 2, 2017. · · Gilmour, Walter; Hale, Leland E. (1991). Butcher, Baker: a true account of a serial murderer. New York City: Onyx Books. pp. 93–94. ISBN 9781578332236. · · Lundberg, Murray (February 11, 2000). "Robert Hansen: A Serial Killer In Alaska". Explore North. Retrieved July 29, 2019. · · Tidemann, Michael (August 22, 2014). "Estherville-born serial killer dies". Estherville Daily News. Estherville, Iowa: Estherville Publications, Inc. Retrieved August 15, 2019. · · Hansen v. State. Justia. August 11, 1978. Retrieved December 26, 2018. · · "Slayer in Alaska was Jailed in Other Cases, Judge Notes". The New York Times. February 29, 1984. Retrieved December 26, 2018. · · DuClos, pg. 40 · · Newton, Jennifer (September 4, 2014). "'We just want her to be identified': Body of Alaska serial killer victim exhumed 30 years after she was found dead". Mail Online. London, England: Daily Mail and General Trust. Retrieved December 24, 2015. · · DuClos, pg. 38 · · DuClos, pg. 241 · · DuClos, pg. 230 · · Andrews, Laurel; Hopkins, Kyle (August 22, 2014). "Serial killer Hansen dies; "World is better without him", trooper says". Anchorage Daily News. · · Lohr, David. "Hunting Humans". crimelibrary.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved June 26, 2014. · · Selina, Leavitt (September 5, 2014). "Serial Killer's Victim Exhumed In Alaska: Who Is 'Horseshoe Harriet'?". Iquisitr. Retrieved September 6, 2014. · · Staskiewics, Keith (August 5, 2011). "Serial Killer on the Big Screen". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved May 25, 2014. · · "Alaska: Ice Cold Killers episode 'Hunting Humans'". IMDb. Retrieved August 22, 2014. · "Anchorage: Robert Hansen's Most Dangerous Game, the Legend of Blackjack Sturges, Eskimo Hu". TVGuide. February 21, 2012

Bienvenidos familia a otro Mini Miércoles! hoy les traemos la triste historia de "The Boy in the Box" o el niño de la caja, su caso sigue sin resolver y aún está abierto. NO SE OLVIDEN DE SEGUIRNOS EN NUESTRAS REDES SOCIALES: INSTAGRAM: @juegodeasesinos_podcast Facebook: juego de asesinos podcast .. . , fuentes para la realización de este episodio: 1. ^ Jump up to: a b "John Doe 1957". missingkids.org. National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. 21 March 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2016. 2. ^ "4UMPA". The Doe Network. 23 July 2006. Retrieved 9 November 2019. 3. ^ "NamUs UP# 13111". National Missing and Unidentified Persons System. 18 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2019. 4. ^ "The Boy in the Box Mystery". americasunknownchild.net. Retrieved 26 June 2013. 5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Boy Missing". Philadelphia City Paper. January 8, 2015. Archived from the original on January 17, 2015. Retrieved January 12, 2015. 6. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Boy in the Box". courttv.com. p. 2. Archived from the original on February 2, 2003. Retrieved 2012-04-27. 7. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Who Is The Boy In The Box?". Philadelphia Magazine. November 2003. Retrieved September 5, 2016. 8. ^ Jump up to: a b c "americasunknownchild.net". Retrieved 2012-04-27. 9. ^ "Exclusive: The woman behind the scenes who helped capture the Golden State Killer". East Bay Times. 2018-08-24. Retrieved 2018-08-28. 10. ^ Jump up to: a b "Topic: The Foster Family". americasunknownchild.net. Retrieved 2012-04-27. 11. ^ "Boy in the Box". courttv.com. p. 4. Archived from the original on 2008-12-22. Retrieved 2012-04-27. 12. ^ Jump up to: a b c Blacher, Mitch (2 March 2016). "New Theory in Decades-Old 'Boy in the Box' Cold Case". NBC 10 Investigates. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: NBC. Retrieved 4 March 2016. 13. ^ "americasunknownchild.net". americasunknownchild.net. Retrieved 2012-04-27. 14. ^ Cuellar, Dann (21 May 2008). "NEW THEORY FOR "BOY IN THE BOX"". ABC Action News 6. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: ABC. Retrieved 4 March 2016. . . musica:

Bienvenidos familia a otro Mini Miércoles! hoy les traemos la triste historia de "The Boy in the Box" o el niño de la caja, su caso sigue sin resolver y aún está abierto. NO SE OLVIDEN DE SEGUIRNOS EN NUESTRAS REDES SOCIALES: INSTAGRAM: @juegodeasesinos_podcast Facebook: juego de asesinos podcast .. . , fuentes para la realización de este episodio: 1. ^ Jump up to: a b "John Doe 1957". missingkids.org. National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. 21 March 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2016. 2. ^ "4UMPA". The Doe Network. 23 July 2006. Retrieved 9 November 2019. 3. ^ "NamUs UP# 13111". National Missing and Unidentified Persons System. 18 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2019. 4. ^ "The Boy in the Box Mystery". americasunknownchild.net. Retrieved 26 June 2013. 5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Boy Missing". Philadelphia City Paper. January 8, 2015. Archived from the original on January 17, 2015. Retrieved January 12, 2015. 6. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Boy in the Box". courttv.com. p. 2. Archived from the original on February 2, 2003. Retrieved 2012-04-27. 7. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Who Is The Boy In The Box?". Philadelphia Magazine. November 2003. Retrieved September 5, 2016. 8. ^ Jump up to: a b c "americasunknownchild.net". Retrieved 2012-04-27. 9. ^ "Exclusive: The woman behind the scenes who helped capture the Golden State Killer". East Bay Times. 2018-08-24. Retrieved 2018-08-28. 10. ^ Jump up to: a b "Topic: The Foster Family". americasunknownchild.net. Retrieved 2012-04-27. 11. ^ "Boy in the Box". courttv.com. p. 4. Archived from the original on 2008-12-22. Retrieved 2012-04-27. 12. ^ Jump up to: a b c Blacher, Mitch (2 March 2016). "New Theory in Decades-Old 'Boy in the Box' Cold Case". NBC 10 Investigates. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: NBC. Retrieved 4 March 2016. 13. ^ "americasunknownchild.net". americasunknownchild.net. Retrieved 2012-04-27. 14. ^ Cuellar, Dann (21 May 2008). "NEW THEORY FOR "BOY IN THE BOX"". ABC Action News 6. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: ABC. Retrieved 4 March 2016. . . musica:

Que onda Familia! espero esten super bien!, esta semana les traemos otra historia recomendada por uno de ustedes! Nos encanta cuando nos mandan historias como estas donde se logra trascender más allá de ser una historia real, convirtiéndose en leyenda urbana! Hoy hablaremos de "El Petiso Orejudo". .... ...... .......... Fuentes para la realización de este episodio: https://drvitelli.typepad.com/providentia/2018/02/the-petiso-orejudo-murders-part-two-of-two.html%20 https://murderpedia.org/male.S/s/santos-godino.htm Leyenda del petiso orejudo. (book.Spanish) By Leonel Contreras.ISBN-10: 9879473272 ISBN-13: 9789879473276 SKCentral.com https://robertsforensicfiles.weebly.com/ Cabezas López, Carlos (September 16, 2007). "Cayetano Santos Godino, la historia del Petiso Orejudo". Caso Abierto (in Spanish). Archived from the original on August 1, 2008. Retrieved September 12, 2008. ^ "Penal Code of the United States of Brazil". Article 282, Decree No. 847 of 11 October 1890 (in Portuguese). Retrieved November 24, 2017. Printed in Coleção de Leis dea République do Brasil: Premeiro Fasciculo 10:2664, 2710 (1890). ^ "Cayetano Santos Godino, el precoz "Petiso Orejudo"". Foro Cuando calienta el sol (in Spanish). November 2, 2010. Archived from the original on February 23, 2016. Retrieved February 16, 2016. musica: Lonesome Journey' by Keys of Moon Music is under a Creative Commons license (CC BY 3.0) Music promoted by BreakingCopyright: https://youtu.be/p5cWMxzzMdA Contact links: Keys of Moon Music https://soundcloud.com/keysofmoon BreakingCopyright Twitter: https://twitter.com/BreakingCopy

Que onda Familia! espero esten super bien!, esta semana les traemos otra historia recomendada por uno de ustedes! Nos encanta cuando nos mandan historias como estas donde se logra trascender más allá de ser una historia real, convirtiéndose en leyenda urbana! Hoy hablaremos de "El Petiso Orejudo". .... ...... .......... Fuentes para la realización de este episodio: https://drvitelli.typepad.com/providentia/2018/02/the-petiso-orejudo-murders-part-two-of-two.html%20 https://murderpedia.org/male.S/s/santos-godino.htm Leyenda del petiso orejudo. (book.Spanish) By Leonel Contreras.ISBN-10: 9879473272 ISBN-13: 9789879473276 SKCentral.com https://robertsforensicfiles.weebly.com/ Cabezas López, Carlos (September 16, 2007). "Cayetano Santos Godino, la historia del Petiso Orejudo". Caso Abierto (in Spanish). Archived from the original on August 1, 2008. Retrieved September 12, 2008. ^ "Penal Code of the United States of Brazil". Article 282, Decree No. 847 of 11 October 1890 (in Portuguese). Retrieved November 24, 2017. Printed in Coleção de Leis dea République do Brasil: Premeiro Fasciculo 10:2664, 2710 (1890). ^ "Cayetano Santos Godino, el precoz "Petiso Orejudo"". Foro Cuando calienta el sol (in Spanish). November 2, 2010. Archived from the original on February 23, 2016. Retrieved February 16, 2016. musica: Lonesome Journey' by Keys of Moon Music is under a Creative Commons license (CC BY 3.0) Music promoted by BreakingCopyright: https://youtu.be/p5cWMxzzMdA Contact links: Keys of Moon Music https://soundcloud.com/keysofmoon BreakingCopyright Twitter: https://twitter.com/BreakingCopy

Show Notes Moe Factz with Adam Curry for December 2nd 2019, Episode number 17 Shaft Stache Shownotes Robert Townsend (actor) - Wikipedia Mon, 02 Dec 2019 13:13 American actor Robert Townsend (born February 6, 1957) is an American actor, director, comedian, and writer.[1][2] Townsend is best known for directing the films Hollywood Shuffle (1987), Eddie Murphy Raw (1987), The Meteor Man (1993), The Five Heartbeats (1991) and various other films and stand-up specials. He is especially known for his eponymous self-titled character, Robert Peterson as the starring role as on The WB sitcom The Parent 'Hood (1995''1999), a series which he created and of which directed select episodes. Townsend is also known for his role as Donald "Duck" Matthews in his 1991 film The Five Heartbeats.[3] He later wrote, directed and produced Making The Five Heartbeats (2018), a documentary film about the production process and behind the scenes insight into creating the film. Townsend is also known for his production company Townsend Entertainment [4] which has produced films Playin' for Love,[5] In the Hive and more. During the 1980s and early''1990s, Townsend gained national exposure through his stand-up comedy routines and appearances on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Townsend has worked with talent including Halle Berry, Morgan Freeman, Chris Tucker, Beyonc(C), Denzel Washington and many more.[6][7][8] Early life and career [ edit ] Townsend was born in Chicago, Illinois, the second of four children[9] to Shirley (n(C)e Jenkins) and Ed Townsend. His mother ended up raising him and his three siblings as a single parent. Growing up on the city's west side, Townsend attended Austin High School; graduating in 1975.[10] He became interested in acting as a teenager. During a reading of Sophocles' Oedipus Rex in high school, Townsend captured the attention of Chicago's X Bag Theatre, The Experimental Black Actors Guild. Townsend later auditioned for parts at Chicago's Experimental Black Actors' Guild and performed in local plays studying at the famed Second City comedy workshop for improvisation in 1974. Townsend had a brief uncredited role in the 1975 movie Cooley High. After high school, Townsend enrolled at Illinois State University, studied a year and later moved to New York to study at the Negro Ensemble Company. Townsend's mother believed that he should complete his college education, but he felt that college took time away from his passion for acting, and he soon dropped out of school to pursue his acting career full-time. Career [ edit ] Townsend auditioned to be part of Saturday Night Live's 1980''1981 cast, but was rejected in favor of Eddie Murphy. In 1982, Townsend appeared as one of the main characters in the PBS series Another Page, a program produced by Kentucky Educational Television that taught literacy to adults through serialized stories. Townsend later appeared in small parts in films like A Soldier's Story (1984), directed by Norman Jewison, and after its success garnered much more substantial parts in films like The Mighty Quinn (1989) with Denzel Washington.[11][12][13] In 1987, Townsend wrote, directed and produced Hollywood Shuffle, a satire based on the hardships and obstacles that black actors undergo in the film industry. The success of his first project helped him establish himself in the industry.[6][14] Another of his films was The Five Heartbeats based on 1960s R&B male groups and the tribulations of the music industry. Townsend created and produced two television variety shows'--the CableACE award''winning Robert Townsend and His Partners in Crime for HBO, and the Fox Television variety show Townsend Television (1993). He also created and starred in the WB Network's sitcom The Parent 'Hood which originally ran from January 1995 to July 1999. In 2018, Townsend also directed 2 episodes for the B.E.T. Series American Soul which began airing in 2019. The show is about Don Cornelius and Soul Train. Townsend was programming director at the Black Family Channel, but the network folded in 2007. Townsend created The Robert Townsend Foundation, a nonprofit organization whose mission is to introduce and help new unsigned filmmakers. Awards and other credits [ edit ] Townsend directed the 2001 TV movie, Livin' for Love: The Natalie Cole Story for which Cole won the NAACP Image Award as Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special. Townsend also directed two television movies in 2001 and 2002 respectively, Carmen: A Hip Hopera and 10,000 Black Men Named George. In 2013 Townsend was nominated for an Ovation Award in the category of "Lead Actor in a Musical" for his role as Dan in the La Mirada Theatre for the Performing Arts production of Next to Normal.[15] Personal life [ edit ] Townsend was married to Cheri Jones[16] from September 15, 1990, to August 9, 2001.[17] Together they have two daughters, Sierra and Skylar (Skye Townsend), both entertainers, and a son, Isiah.[6] Filmography [ edit ] Further reading [ edit ] Alexander, George. Why We Make Movies: Black Filmmakers Talk About the Magic of Cinema. Harlem Moon. 2003.Collier, Aldore. "Robert Townsend: a new kind of Hollywood dreamer. Actor-producer-director plans to make films that uplift and transform Black audiences". Ebony Magazine. 1 June 1991.Rogers, Brent. Robert Townsend Article in Perspectives. Sustaining Digital History, 12 November 2007.References [ edit ] ^ "Robert Townsend". The New York Times. ^ "As Robert Townsend Sees It : He's Fighting Stereotypes With 'Meteor Man' and New TV Show". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2010-10-10 . ^ The Five Heartbeats , retrieved 2019-09-16 ^ "Townsend Entertainment - IMDbPro". pro.imdb.com . Retrieved 2018-03-06 . ^ "Playin' For Love". Black Cinema Connection. 2014-11-05 . Retrieved 2018-03-06 . ^ a b c "About". Robert Townsend. Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. ^ "Carmen: A Hip Hopera", Wikipedia, 2019-08-09 , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ B*A*P*S , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ "Townsend, Robert (1957-)". BlackPast.Org. 2008 . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ "1975 Austin High School Yearbook (Chicago, Illinois)". Classmates.com. 1975 . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ Vincent Canby, "Review/Film; Tropical Murder", The New York Times, February 17, 1989. ^ The Mighty Quinn , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ A Soldier's Story , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ Hollywood Shuffle , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ "2013 Ovation Awards Nominees '-- South by Southeast". thisstage.la. LA STAGE Alliance. September 16, 2013 . Retrieved 2017-04-21 . ^ "The Week's Best Photo". Google Books. JET Magazine. March 25, 1991 . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ Gimenes, Erika (2001). "Robert Townsend to divorce". Hollywood.com . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ "Jackie's Back! (1999)" at IMDb. External links [ edit ] Robert Townsend on IMDbRobert Townsend (Official Website) (9) Charles Woods (The Professor) - Hollywood's Tricknology: Mandingo To Malcolm X - YouTube Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:59 Tyler Perry Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:57 Tyler Perry is a world-renowned producer, director, actor, screenwriter, playwright, author, songwriter, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. Tyler Perry's Story Tyler Perry is a world-renowned producer, director, actor, screenwriter, playwright, author, songwriter, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. Read His Story Outreach Since 2006, The Perry Foundation's aim has been to transform tragedy into triumph by empowering the economically disadvantaged to achieve a better quality of life. We focus on health and clean water, education and technology, arts and culture, and globally-sustainable economic development. Get Involved Visit Website You are viewing Tyler Perry Entertainment. If you'd like to view the Tyler Perry Studios, click here. Black writers courageously staring down the white gaze '' this is why we all must read them | Stan Grant | Opinion | The Guardian Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:46 The white gaze '' it is a phrase that resonates in black American literature. Writers from WEB Du Bois to Ralph Ellison to James Baldwin and Toni Morrison have struggled with it and railed against it. As Morrison '' a Nobel Laureate '' once said: Our lives have no meaning, no depth without the white gaze. And I have spent my entire writing life trying to make sure that the white gaze was not the dominant one in any of my books. The white gaze: it traps black people in white imaginations. It is the eyes of a white schoolteacher who sees a black student and lowers expectations. It is the eyes of a white cop who sees a black person and looks twice '' or worse, feels for a gun. Du Bois explored this more than a century ago in his book The Souls of Black Folk, reflecting on his conversations with white people and the ensuing delicate dance around the ''Negro problem''. Between me and the other world there is an ever unasked question'.... All, nevertheless, flutter around it ... Instead of saying directly, how does it feel to be a problem? They say, I know an excellent coloured man in my town ... To the real question '... I answer seldom a word. Baldwin was as ever more direct and piercing, writing in his book Nobody Knows My Name. I have spent most of my life ... watching white people and outwitting them so that I might survive. The flame has passed to a new generation. In 2015 three more black writers have stared down the white gaze. In their own ways Ta-Nehisi Coates, Claudia Rankine and George Yancy have held up a mirror to white America. These are uncompromising and fearless voices. Coates' searing essay Between The World And Me critiques America against a backdrop of black deaths at the hands of police. He says the country's history is rooted in slavery and the assault against the black body. In the form of a letter to his son, Coates writes: Here is what I would like for you to know: In America it is traditional to destroy the black body '' it is heritage. In Citizen '' An American Lyric, poet Rankine reflects on the black experience from the victims of Hurricane Katrina, or Trayvon Martin, a 17 year-old black youth shot dead by a neighbourhood watch volunteer who was acquitted, or black tennis star Serena Williams. In each case Rankine sees lives framed by whiteness. She writes: Because white men can't police their imagination, black men are dying. Philosophy Professor George Yancy just last week penned a letter in the New York Times addressed to ''Dear White America''. He asks his countrymen to listen with love, and to look at those things that might cause pain and terror. All white people, he says, benefit from racism and this means each, in their own way, are racist. '...don't run to seek shelter from your own racism'...practice being vulnerable. Being neither a ''good'' white person, nor a liberal white person will get you off the proverbial hook. Their unflinching work is not tempered by the fact a black man is in the White House '' that only makes their voices more urgent. Coates, Rankine, Yancy '' each has been variously praised and awarded, yet each has been pilloried as well. This is inevitable when some people don't like what the mirror reflects. It takes courage for a black person to speak to a white world, a world that can render invisible people of colour, unless they begin to more closely resemble white people themselves '' an education, a house in the suburbs, a good job, lighter skin. In Australia, too, black voices are defying the white gaze. We may not have the popular cut through of a Morrison or a Baldwin or a Coates, but we have a proud tradition '' Oodgeroo Noonuccal, Kevin Gilbert, Ruby Langford or more recently Kim Scott, Alexis Wright, Anita Heiss. I have spent some time recently reading some of the most powerful works of Indigenous writers. Their styles and genres are many and varied but there is a common and powerful theme of defiance and survival. This is a world so instantly recognisable to us '' Indigenous people '' but still so foreign to white Australia. Natalie Harkin's book of poetry, Dirty Words, is a subversive dictionary that turns English words back on their users: A is apology, B is for Boat People '... G is for Genocide ... S for Survival. ''How do you dream,'' she writes, ''When your lucky country does not sleep''. Bruce Pascoe's Dark Emu challenges the white stereotype of the ''primitive hunter gatherer''. He says the economy and culture of Indigenous people has been grossly undervalued. He cites journals and diaries of explorers and colonists to reveal the industry and ingenuity of pre-colonial Aboriginal society. He says it is a window into a world of people building dams and wells and houses, irrigating and harvesting seed and creating elaborate cemeteries. Pascoe's work demands to be taught in our schools. Tony Birch is an acclaimed novelist and his latest Ghost River is remarkable. It is the story of two friends navigating the journey into adulthood guided by the men of the river '' men others may see as homeless and hopeless. It is a work infused with a sense of place and belonging. Ellen Van Neerven's Heat and Light is a genre-busting mystical journey into identity: sexual, racial and national. It is provocative and challenging and mind bending, and altogether stunning. You won't find many of these titles in the annual best book lists. Occasionally they pop up, but not as often as they deserve. You probably won't hear much of Samuel Wagan Watson's Love Poems and Death Threats, or Ken Canning's Yimbama, or Lionel Fogarty's Eelahroo (Long Ago) Nyah (Looking) Mobo-Mobo (Future). That these works are not more widely read is a national shame. In our busy lives, try to find time for some of these books in 2016 '' read with the courage of these writers. George Yancy asks white Americans to become ''un-sutured'', to open themselves up and let go of their white innocence. Why is this important? Well, for white people it may simply be a matter of choice '' the fate of black people may not affect them. For us it is survival '' the white gaze means we die young, are locked up and locked out of work and education. We hear a lot about recognition '' acknowledging Indigenous people in the Australian constitution. But there is another recognition '' recognising the pervasive and too often destructive role of race in our lives, and the need to lift our gaze above it. Queen | Definition of Queen by Merriam-Webster Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:40 To save this word, you'll need to log in. \ ËkwÄ'n \ 1 a : the wife or widow of a king b : the wife or widow of a tribal chief 2 a : a female monarch b : a female chieftain 3 a : a woman eminent in rank, power, or attractions a movie queen b : a goddess or a thing personified as female and having supremacy in a specified realm c : an attractive girl or woman especially : a beauty contest winner 4 : the most privileged piece of each color in a set of chessmen having the power to move in any direction across any number of unoccupied squares 5 : a playing card marked with a stylized figure of a queen 6 : the fertile fully developed female of social bees, ants, and termites whose function is to lay eggs 7 : a mature female cat kept especially for breeding 8 slang , often disparaging : a male homosexual especially : an effeminate one queened ; queening ; queens intransitive verb 1 : to act like a queen especially : to put on airs '-- usually used with it queens it over her friends 2 : to become a queen in chess the pawn queens Pan-Africanism - Wikipedia Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:37 Worldwide movement that aims to encourage and strengthen bonds of solidarity between all people of African descent Pan-Africanism is a worldwide movement that aims to encourage and strengthen bonds of solidarity between all indigenous and diasporan ethnic groups of African descent. Based on a common goal dating back to the Atlantic slave trade, the movement extends beyond continental Africans with a substantial support base among the African diaspora in the Caribbean, Latin America, the United States and Canada and Europe.[1][2] It is based on the belief that unity is vital to economic, social, and political progress and aims to "unify and uplift" people of African descent.[3] The ideology asserts that the fate of all African people and countries[clarification needed ] are intertwined. At its core Pan-Africanism is a belief that ''African people, both on the continent and in the diaspora, share not merely a common history, but a common destiny".[4] Pan-Africanist intellectual, cultural, and political movements tend to view all Africans and descendants of Africans as belonging to a single "race" and sharing cultural unity. Pan-Africanism posits a sense of a shared historical fate for Africans in the Americas, West Indies, and, on the continent itself, has centered on the Atlantic trade in slaves, African slavery, and European imperialism.[5] The Organization of African Unity (now the African Union) was established in 1963 to safeguard the sovereignty and territorial integrity of its Member States and to promote global relations within the framework of the United Nations.[6] The African Union Commission has its seat in Addis Ababa and the Pan-African Parliament has its seat in Johannesburg and Midrand. Overview [ edit ] Pan-Africanism stresses the need for "collective self-reliance".[7] Pan-Africanism exists as a governmental and grassroots objective. Pan-African advocates include leaders such as Haile Selassie, Julius Nyerere, Ahmed S(C)kou Tour(C), Kwame Nkrumah, King Sobhuza II, Thomas Sankara and Muammar Gaddafi, grassroots organizers such as Marcus Garvey and Malcolm X, academics such as W. E. B. Du Bois, and others in the diaspora.[8][9][10] Pan-Africanists believe that solidarity will enable the continent to fulfill its potential to independently provide for all its people. Crucially, an all-African alliance would empower African people globally. The realization of the Pan-African objective would lead to "power consolidation in Africa", which "would compel a reallocation of global resources, as well as unleashing a fiercer psychological energy and political assertion...that would unsettle social and political (power) structures...in the Americas".[11] Advocates of Pan-Africanism'--i.e. "Pan-Africans" or "Pan-Africanists"'--often champion socialist principles and tend to be opposed to external political and economic involvement on the continent. Critics accuse the ideology of homogenizing the experience of people of African descent. They also point to the difficulties of reconciling current divisions within countries on the continent and within communities in the diaspora.[11] History [ edit ] As a philosophy, Pan-Africanism represents the aggregation of the historical, cultural, spiritual, artistic, scientific, and philosophical legacies of Africans from past times to the present. Pan-Africanism as an ethical system traces its origins from ancient times, and promotes values that are the product of the African civilisations and the struggles against slavery, racism, colonialism, and neo-colonialism.[8] Alongside a large number of slaves insurrections, by the end of the 19th century a political movement developed across the Americas, Europe and Africa that sought to weld disparate movements into a network of solidarity, putting an end to oppression. Another important political form of a religious Pan-Africanist worldview appeared in the form of Ethiopianism.[12] In London, the Sons of Africa was a political group addressed by Quobna Ottobah Cugoano in the 1791 edition of his book Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil of Slavery. The group addressed meetings and organised letter-writing campaigns, published campaigning material and visited parliament. They wrote to figures such as Granville Sharp, William Pitt and other members of the white abolition movement, as well as King George III and the Prince of Wales, the future George IV. Modern Pan-Africanism began around the start of the 20th century. The African Association, later renamed the Pan-African Association, was established around 1897 by Henry Sylvester-Williams, who organized the First Pan-African Conference in London in 1900.[13][14][15] With the independence of Ghana in March 1957, Kwame Nkrumah was elected as the first Prime Minister and President of the State.[16] Nkrumah emerged as a major advocate for the unity of Independent Africa. The Ghanaian President embodied a political activist approach to pan-Africanism as he championed the "quest for regional integration of the whole of the African continent".[17] This period represented a "Golden Age of high pan-African ambitions"; the Continent had experienced revolution and decolonization from Western powers and the narrative of rebirth and solidarity had gained momentum within the pan-African movement.[17] Nkrumah's pan-African principles intended for a union between the Independent African states upon a recognition of their commonality (i.e. suppression under imperialism). Pan-Africanism under Nkrumah evolved past the assumptions of a racially exclusive movement associated with black Africa, and adopted a political discourse of regional unity [18] In April 1958, Nkrumah hosted the first All-African Peoples' Conference (AAPC) in Accra, Ghana. This Conference invited delegates of political movements and major political leaders. With the exception of South Africa, all Independent States of the Continent attended: Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Liberia, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia and Sudan.[18] This Conference signified a monumental event in the pan-African movement, as it revealed a political and social union between those considered Arabic states and the black African regions. Further, the Conference espoused a common African Nationalist identity, among the States, of unity and anti-Imperialism. Frantz Fanon, journalist, freedom fighter and a member of the Algerian FLN party attended the conference as a delegate for Algeria.[19] Considering the armed struggle of the FLN against French colonial rule, the attendees of the Conference agreed to support the struggle of those States under colonial oppression. This encouraged the commitment of direct involvement in the "emancipation of the Continent; thus, a fight against colonial pressures on South Africa was declared and the full support of the FLN struggle in Algeria, against French colonial rule"".[20] In the years following 1958, Accra Conference also marked the establishment of a new foreign policy of non-alignment as between the US and USSR, and the will to establish an "African Identity" in global affairs by advocating a unity between the African States on international relations. "This would be based on the Bandung Declaration, the Charter of the UN and on loyalty to UN decisions."[20] In 1959, Nkrumah, President S(C)kou Tour(C) of Guinea and President William Tubman of Liberia met at Sanniquellie and signed the Sanniquellie Declaration outlining the principles for the achievement of the unity of Independent African States whilst maintaining a national identity and autonomous constitutional structure.[21][22] The Declaration called for a revised understanding of pan-Africanism and the uniting of the Independent States. In 1960, the second All-African Peoples' Conference was held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.[23] The membership of the All-African Peoples' Organisation (AAPO) had increased with the inclusion of the "Algerian Provisional Government (as they had not yet won independence), Cameroun, Guinea, Nigeria, Somalia and the United Arab Republic".[24] The Conference highlighted diverging ideologies within the movement, as Nkrumah's call for a political and economic union between the Independent African States gained little agreement. The disagreements following 1960 gave rise to two rival factions within the pan-African movement: the Casablanca Bloc and the Brazzaville Bloc.[25] In 1962, Algeria gained independence from French colonial rule and Ahmed Ben Bella assumed Presidency. Ben Bella was a strong advocate for pan-Africanism and an African Unity. Following the FLN's armed struggle for liberation, Ben Bella spoke at the UN and espoused for Independent Africa's role in providing military and financial support to the African liberation movements opposing apartheid and fighting Portuguese colonialism.[26] In search of a united voice, in 1963 at an African Summit conference in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 32 African states met and established the Organization of African Unity (OAU). The creation of the OAU Charter took place at this Summit and defines a coordinated "effort to raise the standard of living of member States and defend their sovereignty" by supporting freedom fighters and decolonisation.[27] Thus, was the formation of the African Liberation Committee (ALC), during the 1963 Summit. Championing the support of liberation movements, was Algeria's President Ben Bella, immediately "donated 100 million francs to its finances and was one of the first countries, of the Organisation to boycott Portuguese and South African goods".[26] In 1969, Algiers hosted the Pan-African Cultural Festival, on July 21 and it continued for eight days.[28] At this moment in history, Algeria stood as a ''beacon of African and Third-World militancy,''[28] and would come to inspire fights against colonialism around the world. The festival attracted thousands from African states and the African Diaspora, including the Black Panthers. It represented the application of the tenets of the Algerian revolution to the rest of Africa, and symbolized the re-shaping of the definition of pan-African identity under the common experience of colonialism.[28] The Festival further strengthened Algeria's President, Boumediene's standing in Africa and the Third World.[28] After the death of Kwame Nkrumah in 1972, Muammar Qaddafi assumed the mantle of leader of the Pan-Africanist movement and became the most outspoken advocate of African Unity, like Nkrumah before him '' for the advent of a "United States of Africa".[29] In the United States, the term is closely associated with Afrocentrism, an ideology of African-American identity politics that emerged during the civil rights movement of the 1960s to 1970s.[30] Concept [ edit ] As originally conceived by Henry Sylvester-Williams (although some historians[who? ] credit the idea to Edward Wilmot Blyden), Pan-Africanism referred to the unity of all continental Africa.[31] During apartheid South Africa there was a Pan Africanist Congress that dealt with the oppression of Africans in South Africa under Apartheid rule. Other pan-Africanist organisations include: Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association-African Communities League, TransAfrica and the International People's Democratic Uhuru Movement. Additionally, Pan-Africanism is seen as an endeavor to return to what are deemed by its proponents as singular, traditional African concepts about culture, society, and values. Examples of this include L(C)opold S(C)dar Senghor's N(C)gritude movement, and Mobutu Sese Seko's view of Authenticit(C). An important theme running through much pan-Africanist literature concerns the historical links between different countries on the continent, and the benefits of cooperation as a way of resisting imperialism and colonialism. In the 21st century, some Pan-Africanists aim to address globalisation and the problems of environmental justice. For instance, at the conference "Pan-Africanism for a New Generation"[32] held at the University of Oxford, June 2011, Ledum Mittee, the current president of the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), argued that environmental justice movements across the African continent should create horizontal linkages in order to better protect the interests of threatened peoples and the ecological systems in which they are embedded, and upon which their survival depends. Some universities went as far as creating "Departments of Pan-African Studies" in the late 1960s. This includes the California State University, where that department was founded in 1969 as a direct reaction to the civil rights movement, and is today dedicated to "teaching students about the African World Experience", to "demonstrate to the campus and the community the richness, vibrance, diversity, and vitality of African, African American, and Caribbean cultures" and to "presenting students and the community with an Afrocentric analysis" of anti-black racism.[33]Syracuse University also offers a master's degree in "Pan African Studies".[34] Pan-African colors [ edit ] The flags of numerous states in Africa and of Pan-African groups use green, yellow and red. This colour combination was originally adopted from the 1897 flag of Ethiopia, and was inspired by the fact that Ethiopia is the continent's oldest independent nation,[35] thus making the Ethiopian green, yellow and red the closest visual representation of Pan-Africanism. This is in comparison to the Black Nationalist flag, representing political theory centred around the eugenicist caste-stratified colonial Americas.[36] The UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association) flag, is a tri-color flag consisting of three equal horizontal bands of (from top down) red, black and green. The UNIA formally adopted it on August 13, 1920,[37] during its month-long convention at Madison Square Garden in New York.[38][39] Variations of the flag have been used in various countries and territories in Africa and the Americas to represent Black Nationalist ideologies. Among these are the flags of Malawi, Kenya and Saint Kitts and Nevis. Several Pan-African organizations and movements have also often employed the emblematic red, black and green tri-color scheme in variety of contexts. Maafa studies [ edit ] Maafa is an aspect of Pan-African studies. The term collectively refers to 500 years of suffering (including the present) of people of African heritage through slavery, imperialism, colonialism, and other forms of oppression.[40][41] In this area of study, both the actual history and the legacy of that history are studied as a single discourse. The emphasis in the historical narrative is on African agents, as opposed to non-African agents.[42] Political parties and organizations [ edit ] In Africa [ edit ] Organisation of African Unity, succeeded by the African UnionAfrican Unification FrontRassemblement D(C)mocratique AfricainAll-African People's Revolutionary PartyConvention People's Party (Ghana)Pan-African Renaissance[43]Economic Freedom Fighters (South Africa)Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (South Africa)In the Caribbean [ edit ] The Pan-African Affairs Commission for Pan-African Affairs, a unit within the Office of the Prime Minister of Barbados.[44]African Society for Cultural Relations with Independent Africa (Guyana)Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement (Antigua and Barbuda)Clement Payne Movement (Barbados)Marcus Garvey People's Political Party (Jamaica)Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (Jamaica)In the United Kingdom [ edit ] Pan-African FederationIn the United States [ edit ] The Council on African Affairs (CAA): founded in 1937 by Max Yergan and Paul Robeson, the CAA was the first major U.S. organization whose focus was on providing pertinent and up-to-date information about Pan-Africanism across the United States, particularly to African Americans. Probably the most successful campaign of the Council was for South African famine relief in 1946. The CAA was hopeful that, following World War II, there would be a move towards Third World independence under the trusteeship of the United Nations.[45] To the CAA's dismay, the proposals introduced by the U.S. government to the conference in April/May 1945 set no clear limits on the duration of colonialism and no motions towards allowing territorial possessions to move towards self-government.[45] Liberal supporters abandoned the CAA, and the federal government cracked down on its operations. In 1953 the CAA was charged with subversion under the McCarran Internal Security Act. Its principal leaders, including Robeson, W. E. B. Du Bois, and Alphaeus Hunton (1903''70), were subjected to harassment, indictments, and in the case of Hunton, imprisonment. Under the weight of internal disputes, government repression, and financial hardships, the Council on African Affairs disbanded in 1955.[46]The US Organization was founded in 1965 by Maulana Karenga, following the Watts riots. It is based on the synthetic African philosophy of kawaida, and is perhaps best known for creating Kwanzaa and the Nguzo Saba ("seven principles"). In the words of its founder and chair, Karenga, "the essential task of our organization Us has been and remains to provide a philosophy, a set of principles and a program which inspires a personal and social practice that not only satisfies human need but transforms people in the process, making them self-conscious agents of their own life and liberation".[47]Pan-African concepts and philosophies [ edit ] Afrocentric Pan-Africanism [ edit ] Afrocentric Pan-Africanism is espoused by Kwabena Faheem Ashanti in his book The Psychotechnology of Brainwashing: Crucifying Willie Lynch. Another newer movement that has evolved from the early Afrocentric school is the Afrisecal movement or Afrisecaism of Francis Ohanyido, a Nigerian philosopher-poet.[48] Black Nationalism is sometimes associated with this form of pan-Africanism. Kawaida [ edit ] Hip hop [ edit ] Since the late 1970s, hip hop has emerged as a powerful force that has partly shaped black identity worldwide. In his 2005 article "Hip-hop Turns 30: Whatcha Celebratin' For?", Greg Tate describes hip-hop culture as the product of a Pan-African state of mind. It is an "ethnic enclave/empowerment zone that has served as a foothold for the poorest among us to get a grip on the land of the prosperous".[49] Hip-hop unifies those of African descent globally in its movement towards greater economic, social and political power. Andreana Clay in her article "Keepin' it Real: Black Youth, Hip-Hop Culture, and Black Identity" states that hip-hop provides the world with "vivid illustrations of Black lived experience", creating bonds of black identity across the globe.[50] From a Pan-African perspective, Hip-Hop Culture can be a conduit to authenticate a black identity, and in doing so, creates a unifying and uplifting force among Africans that Pan-Africanism sets out to achieve. Pan-African art [ edit ] Further information on pan-African film festivals see: FESPACO and PAFFSee also [ edit ] Literature [ edit ] Hakim Adi & Marika Sherwood, Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora Since 1787, London: Routledgem 2003.Imanuel Geiss, Panafrikanismus. Zur Geschichte der Dekolonisation. Habilitation, EVA, Frankfurt am Main, 1968, English as: The Pan-African Movement, London: Methuen, 1974, ISBN 0-416-16710-1, and as: The Pan-African Movement. A history of Pan-Africanism in America, Europe and Africa, New York: Africana Publ., 1974, ISBN 0-8419-0161-9.Colin Legum, Pan-Africanism: A Short Political Guide, revised edition, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1965.Tony Martin, Pan-African Connection: From Slavery to Garvey and Beyond, Dover: The Majority Press, 1985.References [ edit ] ^ Austin, David (Fall 2007). "All Roads Led to Montreal: Black Power, the Caribbean and the Black Radical Tradition in Canada". Journal of African American History. 92 (4): 516''539 . Retrieved March 30, 2019 . ^ Oloruntoba-Oju, Omotayo (December 2012). "Pan Africanism, Myth and History in African and Caribbean Drama". Journal of Pan African Studies. 5 (8): 190 ff. ^ Frick, Janari, et al. (2006), History: Learner's Book, p. 235, South Africa: New Africa Books. ^ Makalani, Minkah (2011), "Pan-Africanism". Africana Age. ^ New Dictionary of the History of Ideas. The Gale Group, Inc. 2005. ^ About the African Union Archived January 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. ^ "The objectives of the PAP", The Pan-African Parliament '' 2014 and beyond. ^ a b Falola, Toyin; Essien, Kwame (2013). Pan-Africanism, and the Politics of African Citizenship and Identity. London: Routledge. pp. 71''72. ISBN 1135005192 . Retrieved September 26, 2015 . ^ Goebel, Anti-Imperial Metropolis, pp. 250''278. ^ Maguire, K., "Ghana re-evaluates Nkrumah", GlobalPost, October 21, 2009. Retrieved September 13, 2012. ^ a b Agyeman, O., Pan-Africanism and Its Detractors: A Response to Harvard's Race Effacing Universalists, Harvard University Press (1998), cited in Mawere, Munyaradzi; Tapuwa R. Mubaya, African Philosophy and Thought Systems: A Search for a Culture and Philosophy of Belonging, Langaa RPCIG (2016), p. 89. ISBN 9789956763016. Retrieved August 23, 2018. ^ "Pan-Africanism". exhibitions.nypl.org . Retrieved February 16, 2017 . ^ "A history of Pan-Africanism", New Internationalist, 326, August 2000. ^ The History of Pan Africanism, PADEAP (Pan African Development Education and Advocacy Programme). ^ Lubin, Alex, "The Contingencies of Pan-Africanism", Geographies of Liberation: The Making of an Afro-Arab Political Imaginary, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014, p. 71. ^ Smith-Asante, E., "Biography of Ghana's first President, Dr Kwame Nkrumah", Graphic Online, March 8, 2016. Retrieved March 23, 2017. ^ a b Mkandawire, P. (2005). African Intellectuals: Rethinking Politics, Language, Gender and Development, Dakar: Codesria/London: Zed Books, p. 58. Retrieved March 23, 2017. ^ a b Legum, C. (1965). Pan-Africanism: a short political guide, New York, etc.: Frederick A. Praeger, p. 41. ^ Adi, H., & M. Sherwood (2003). Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora Since 1787, London: Routledge, p. 66. ^ a b Legum (1965). Pan-Africanism, p. 42. ^ Adi & Sherwood (2003). Pan-African History, p. 179. ^ Legum (1965), Pan-Africanism, p. 45. ^ Legum (1965). Pan-Africanism, p. 46. ^ Legum (1965), Pan-Africanism, p. 47. ^ Martin, G. (2012). African Political Thought, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ^ a b Adi & Sherwood (2003), Pan-African History, p. 10. ^ "African states unite against white rule", ON THIS DAY | May25. BBC News. Retrieved March 23, 2017. ^ a b c d Evans, M., & J. Phillips (2008). Algeria: Anger of the Dispossessed, Yale University Press, pp. 97''98. ^ Martin, G. (December 23, 2012). African Political Thought. Springer. ISBN 9781137062055. ^ See e.g. Ronald W. Walters, Pan Africanism in the African Diaspora: An Analysis of Modern Afrocentric Political Movements, African American Life Series, Wayne State University Press, 1997, p. 68. ^ Campbell, Crystal Z. (December 2006). "Sculpting a Pan-African Culture in the Art of N(C)gritude: A Model for African Artist" (PDF) . The Journal of Pan African Studies. Archived from the original on June 1, 2015. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link) ^ Oxford University African Society Conference, Corpus Christi College, Oxford University, May 5, 2012. ^ "About Us". Csus.edu . Retrieved October 15, 2015 . ^ The M.A. in Pan African Studies Archived October 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, African American Studies at Syracuse University. ^ Smith, Whitney (2001). Flag Lore of All Nations . Millbrook Press. p. 36. ISBN 0761317538 . Retrieved October 7, 2014 . ^ Lionel K., McPherson; Shelby, Tommie (Spring 2004). "Blackness and Blood: Interpreting African American Identity" (PDF) . Philosophy and Public Affairs. 32: 171''192. ^ Wikisource contributors, "The Declaration of the Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World", Wikisource, The Free Library. (Retrieved October 6, 2007). ^ "25,000 Negroes Convene: International Gathering Will Prepare Own Bill of Rights", The New York Times, August 2, 1920. Proquest. Retrieved October 5, 2007. ^ "Negroes Adopt Bill Of Rights: Convention Approves Plan for African Republic and Sets to Work on Preparation of Constitution of the Colored Race Negro Complaints Aggression Condemned Recognition Demanded". The Christian Science Monitor, August 17, 1920. Proquest. Retrieved October 5, 2007. ^ "What Holocaust". "Glenn Reitz". Archived from the original on October 18, 2007. ^ "The Maafa, African Holocaust". Swagga. ^ Ogunleye, Tolagbe (1997). "African American Folklore: Its Role in Reconstructing African American History". Journal of Black Studies. 27 (4): 435''455. ISSN 0021-9347. ^ "Pan-African Renaissance". ^ Rodney Worrell (2005). Pan-Africanism in Barbados: An Analysis of the Activities of the Major 20th-century Pan-African Formations in Barbados. New Academia Publishing, LLC. pp. 99''102. ISBN 978-0-9744934-6-6. ^ a b Duberman, Martin. Paul Robeson, 1989, pp. 296''97. ^ "Council on African Affairs", African Activist Archive. ^ "Philosophy, Principles, and Program". The Organization Us. ^ "Francis Okechukwu Ohanyido". African Resource. ^ Tate, Greg, "Hip-hop Turns 30: Whatcha Celebratin' For?", Village Voice, January 4, 2005. ^ Clay, Andreana. "Keepin' it Real: Black Youth, Hip-Hop Culture, and Black Identity". In American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 46.10 (2003): 1346''58. External links [ edit ] SNCC Digital Gateway: Pan-Africanism'--Digital documentary website created by the SNCC Legacy Project and Duke University, telling the story of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee & grassroots organizing from the inside-outAfrican UnionAfrican Code Unity Through DiversityA-APRP WebsiteThe Major Pan-African news and articles siteProfessor David Murphy (November 15, 2015). "The Performance of Pan-Africanism: performing black identity at major pan-African festivals, 1966''2010" (Podcast). The University of Edinburgh . Retrieved January 28, 2016 '' via Soundcloud. Ebro Darden - Wikipedia Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:36 Ebro Darden BornIbrahim Jamil Darden ( 1975-03-17 ) March 17, 1975 (age 44) NationalityAmericanOccupationMedia executiveradio personalityYears active1990''presentKnown forHot 97 radio personalityBeats1 DJChildren1Websitewww.EbroDarden.comIbrahim "Ebro" Darden (born March 17, 1975) is an American media executive and radio personality. Until 2014, he was Vice President of Programming for Emmis Communications' New York contemporary urban station WQHT (Hot 97). He is currently a co-host on the Hot 97 morning show, Ebro in the Morning, alongside Peter Rosenberg, and Laura Stylez. As of 2015, Darden also hosts a hip hop music-based radio show on Beats 1. Early life [ edit ] Darden was born to a black father and a Jewish mother. He attended a Pentecostal church and Hebrew school while growing up in Oakland and Sacramento.[1] Career [ edit ] Start in radio [ edit ] Darden began his career in radio in 1990 at KSFM in Sacramento, California, while he was still a teenager. At KSFM he worked in research and as a sales runner until moving into programming as an intern, and later co-hosting for KSFM's night and morning shows. In 1997, he worked at KBMB in Sacramento as Programming and Music Director, as well as an afternoon host. Eventually, Darden became Operations Manager at KBMB, while also co-hosting mornings at KXJM in Portland, Oregon, in 1999. Hot 97 [ edit ] In 2003, Darden became Music Director for WQHT, ultimately becoming the Program Director for the station in 2007.[2][3][4] Darden worked alongside several past WQHT Hot 97 morning show co-hosts including Star and Bucwild, Miss Jones, DJ Envy, Sway, and Joe Budden from 2004 to 2007, and introduced Cipha Sounds and Peter Rosenberg to the AM drive in 2009. He rejoined the Hot 97 Morning Show in 2012, alongside Cipha Sounds, Peter Rosenberg, and Laura Stylez. As Programming Director and on-air host, Darden was the main voice of several events at Hot 97 including Nicki Minaj's relationship with the station, and her alleged sexual relationship with the host; Hurricane Sandy; and Mister Cee's personal life.[5] In 2014, VH1 announced a new unscripted comedy series, This Is Hot 97, which featured Darden and fellow hosts including Angie Martinez, Funkmaster Flex, Peter Rosenberg, Cipha Sounds, Miss Info, and Laura Stylez.[6] Beats 1 [ edit ] In addition to his current on-air role at Hot 97, Darden is now one of three anchor DJs on Beats 1, an Internet radio service from Apple Music. Feuds and controversy [ edit ] A comedic rivalry between Darden and fellow accomplished radio personality Charlamagne Tha God of Power 105.1 has been ongoing for years. In May 2017, Darden clarified their relationship, stating, "The stuff we do on the radio is stupid. It's for fun. I make fun of you for fun. That's it. It's not that deep... me and that dude don't have a personal problem... a personal relationship".[7] Darden was mentioned in Remy Ma's "shETHER" diss track, on which Ma insinuated that he slept with Nicki Minaj by stating "Coke head, you cheated on your man with Ebro". After jokingly going back and forth with both Ma and her husband Papoose on social media, Darden denied the rumors, stating that he and Minaj had only a professional relationship.[8] Ebro has been in an ongoing feud with Brooklyn artist 6ix9ine. Ebro made fun of 6ix9ine as looking like a clown and criticized him for bragging about streaming numbers,[9] and 6ix9ine responded on the song "Stoopid" with the line "That nigga Ebro, he a bitch/Just another old nigga on a young nigga dick." [10] Personal life [ edit ] Darden has a daughter, Isa, who was born in 2014.[11] Recognition [ edit ] In 2013, he was recognized by Radio Ink as a future African American leader.[12] Filmography [ edit ] References [ edit ] Queen & Slim (2019) - IMDb Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:13 3 nominations. See more awards >> Learn more More Like This Comedy | Crime | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.1 / 10 X A detective investigates the death of a patriarch of an eccentric, combative family. Director:Rian Johnson Stars:Daniel Craig,Chris Evans,Ana de Armas Action | Crime | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.6 / 10 X An embattled NYPD detective is thrust into a citywide manhunt for a pair of cop killers after uncovering a massive and unexpected conspiracy. Director:Brian Kirk Stars:Chadwick Boseman,Sienna Miller,J.K. Simmons Action | Biography | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.5 / 10 X The extraordinary tale of Harriet Tubman's escape from slavery and transformation into one of America's greatest heroes, whose courage, ingenuity, and tenacity freed hundreds of slaves and changed the course of history. Director:Kasi Lemmons Stars:Cynthia Erivo,Leslie Odom Jr.,Joe Alwyn Biography | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.9 / 10 X Based on the true story of a real-life friendship between Fred Rogers and journalist Tom Junod. Director:Marielle Heller Stars:Tom Hanks,Matthew Rhys,Chris Cooper Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.2 / 10 X A young actor's stormy childhood and early adult years as he struggles to reconcile with his father and deal with his mental health. Director:Alma Har'el Stars:Shia LaBeouf,Lucas Hedges,Noah Jupe Drama | Romance | Sport 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.7 / 10 X Traces the journey of a suburban family - led by a well-intentioned but domineering father - as they navigate love, forgiveness, and coming together in the aftermath of a loss. Director:Trey Edward Shults Stars:Taylor Russell,Kelvin Harrison Jr.,Alexa Demie Comedy | Drama | War 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.1 / 10 X A young boy in Hitler's army finds out his mother is hiding a Jewish girl in their home. Director:Taika Waititi Stars:Roman Griffin Davis,Thomasin McKenzie,Scarlett Johansson Action | Crime | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5.7 / 10 X A rookie New Orleans police officer is forced to balance her identity as a black woman after she witnesses two corrupt cops committing murder. Director:Deon Taylor Stars:Naomie Harris,Frank Grillo,Mike Colter Biography | Drama | History 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.3 / 10 X A corporate defense attorney takes on an environmental lawsuit against a chemical company that exposes a lengthy history of pollution. Director:Todd Haynes Stars:Anne Hathaway,Mark Ruffalo,William Jackson Harper Drama | Fantasy | Horror 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.3 / 10 X Two lighthouse keepers try to maintain their sanity while living on a remote and mysterious New England island in the 1890s. Director:Robert Eggers Stars:Willem Dafoe,Robert Pattinson,Valeriia Karaman Crime | Drama | Mystery 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.5 / 10 X Consummate con man Roy Courtnay has set his sights on his latest mark: the recently widowed Betty McLeish, worth millions. But this time, what should have been a simple swindle escalates into a cat-and-mouse game with the ultimate stakes. Director:Bill Condon Stars:Helen Mirren,Ian McKellen,Russell Tovey Crime | Drama | Mystery 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.1 / 10 X In 1950s New York, a lonely private detective afflicted with Tourette's Syndrome ventures to solve the murder of his mentor and only friend. Director:Edward Norton Stars:Edward Norton,Gugu Mbatha-Raw,Alec Baldwin Edit Storyline Slim and Queen's first date takes an unexpected turn when a policeman pulls them over for a minor traffic violation. When the situation escalates, Slim takes the officer's gun and shoots him in self-defence. Now labelled cop killers in the media, Slim and Queen feel that they have no choice but to go on the run and evade the law. When a video of the incident goes viral, the unwitting outlaws soon become a symbol of trauma, terror, grief and pain for people all across the country Written bystmc-25959 Plot Summary | Add Synopsis Motion Picture Rating (MPAA) Rated R for violence, some strong sexuality, nudity, pervasive language, and brief drug use. | See all certifications >> Edit Details Release Date: 27 November 2019 (USA) See more >> Edit Box Office Opening Weekend USA: $11,700,000, 1 December 2019 Gross USA: $15,810,000 Cumulative Worldwide Gross: $15,810,000 See more on IMDbPro >> Company Credits Technical Specs Runtime: 131 min Aspect Ratio: 2.39 : 1 See full technical specs >> Edit Did You Know? Trivia First feature film to be directed by Melina Matsoukas, who has previously only directed music videos and TV episodes. See more >> Quotes Slim :Are you tryin' to die? Queen :No. I just always wanted to do that. Slim :Well, don't do it while I'm drivin' Queen :You should try it. Slim :Nah, I'm good. Queen :Pull over. Slim :Na-ah. Queen :Come on! Pull over. Pull over! Slim :If I do, would you please, let me drive the rest of the way it is? Queen :Swear to God. [...] See more >> Explore popular and recently added TV series available to stream now with Prime Video. Start your free trial Music in this episode Intro: Puff Daddy - It's all about the benjamins Outro: Blue Magic - Sideshow Donate to the show at moefundme.com Search for us in your podcast directory or use this link to subscribe to the feed Podcast Feed For more information: MoeFactz.com

Show Notes Moe Factz with Adam Curry for December 2nd 2019, Episode number 17 Shaft Stache Shownotes Robert Townsend (actor) - Wikipedia Mon, 02 Dec 2019 13:13 American actor Robert Townsend (born February 6, 1957) is an American actor, director, comedian, and writer.[1][2] Townsend is best known for directing the films Hollywood Shuffle (1987), Eddie Murphy Raw (1987), The Meteor Man (1993), The Five Heartbeats (1991) and various other films and stand-up specials. He is especially known for his eponymous self-titled character, Robert Peterson as the starring role as on The WB sitcom The Parent 'Hood (1995''1999), a series which he created and of which directed select episodes. Townsend is also known for his role as Donald "Duck" Matthews in his 1991 film The Five Heartbeats.[3] He later wrote, directed and produced Making The Five Heartbeats (2018), a documentary film about the production process and behind the scenes insight into creating the film. Townsend is also known for his production company Townsend Entertainment [4] which has produced films Playin' for Love,[5] In the Hive and more. During the 1980s and early''1990s, Townsend gained national exposure through his stand-up comedy routines and appearances on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Townsend has worked with talent including Halle Berry, Morgan Freeman, Chris Tucker, Beyonc(C), Denzel Washington and many more.[6][7][8] Early life and career [ edit ] Townsend was born in Chicago, Illinois, the second of four children[9] to Shirley (n(C)e Jenkins) and Ed Townsend. His mother ended up raising him and his three siblings as a single parent. Growing up on the city's west side, Townsend attended Austin High School; graduating in 1975.[10] He became interested in acting as a teenager. During a reading of Sophocles' Oedipus Rex in high school, Townsend captured the attention of Chicago's X Bag Theatre, The Experimental Black Actors Guild. Townsend later auditioned for parts at Chicago's Experimental Black Actors' Guild and performed in local plays studying at the famed Second City comedy workshop for improvisation in 1974. Townsend had a brief uncredited role in the 1975 movie Cooley High. After high school, Townsend enrolled at Illinois State University, studied a year and later moved to New York to study at the Negro Ensemble Company. Townsend's mother believed that he should complete his college education, but he felt that college took time away from his passion for acting, and he soon dropped out of school to pursue his acting career full-time. Career [ edit ] Townsend auditioned to be part of Saturday Night Live's 1980''1981 cast, but was rejected in favor of Eddie Murphy. In 1982, Townsend appeared as one of the main characters in the PBS series Another Page, a program produced by Kentucky Educational Television that taught literacy to adults through serialized stories. Townsend later appeared in small parts in films like A Soldier's Story (1984), directed by Norman Jewison, and after its success garnered much more substantial parts in films like The Mighty Quinn (1989) with Denzel Washington.[11][12][13] In 1987, Townsend wrote, directed and produced Hollywood Shuffle, a satire based on the hardships and obstacles that black actors undergo in the film industry. The success of his first project helped him establish himself in the industry.[6][14] Another of his films was The Five Heartbeats based on 1960s R&B male groups and the tribulations of the music industry. Townsend created and produced two television variety shows'--the CableACE award''winning Robert Townsend and His Partners in Crime for HBO, and the Fox Television variety show Townsend Television (1993). He also created and starred in the WB Network's sitcom The Parent 'Hood which originally ran from January 1995 to July 1999. In 2018, Townsend also directed 2 episodes for the B.E.T. Series American Soul which began airing in 2019. The show is about Don Cornelius and Soul Train. Townsend was programming director at the Black Family Channel, but the network folded in 2007. Townsend created The Robert Townsend Foundation, a nonprofit organization whose mission is to introduce and help new unsigned filmmakers. Awards and other credits [ edit ] Townsend directed the 2001 TV movie, Livin' for Love: The Natalie Cole Story for which Cole won the NAACP Image Award as Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special. Townsend also directed two television movies in 2001 and 2002 respectively, Carmen: A Hip Hopera and 10,000 Black Men Named George. In 2013 Townsend was nominated for an Ovation Award in the category of "Lead Actor in a Musical" for his role as Dan in the La Mirada Theatre for the Performing Arts production of Next to Normal.[15] Personal life [ edit ] Townsend was married to Cheri Jones[16] from September 15, 1990, to August 9, 2001.[17] Together they have two daughters, Sierra and Skylar (Skye Townsend), both entertainers, and a son, Isiah.[6] Filmography [ edit ] Further reading [ edit ] Alexander, George. Why We Make Movies: Black Filmmakers Talk About the Magic of Cinema. Harlem Moon. 2003.Collier, Aldore. "Robert Townsend: a new kind of Hollywood dreamer. Actor-producer-director plans to make films that uplift and transform Black audiences". Ebony Magazine. 1 June 1991.Rogers, Brent. Robert Townsend Article in Perspectives. Sustaining Digital History, 12 November 2007.References [ edit ] ^ "Robert Townsend". The New York Times. ^ "As Robert Townsend Sees It : He's Fighting Stereotypes With 'Meteor Man' and New TV Show". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2010-10-10 . ^ The Five Heartbeats , retrieved 2019-09-16 ^ "Townsend Entertainment - IMDbPro". pro.imdb.com . Retrieved 2018-03-06 . ^ "Playin' For Love". Black Cinema Connection. 2014-11-05 . Retrieved 2018-03-06 . ^ a b c "About". Robert Townsend. Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. ^ "Carmen: A Hip Hopera", Wikipedia, 2019-08-09 , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ B*A*P*S , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ "Townsend, Robert (1957-)". BlackPast.Org. 2008 . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ "1975 Austin High School Yearbook (Chicago, Illinois)". Classmates.com. 1975 . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ Vincent Canby, "Review/Film; Tropical Murder", The New York Times, February 17, 1989. ^ The Mighty Quinn , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ A Soldier's Story , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ Hollywood Shuffle , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ "2013 Ovation Awards Nominees '-- South by Southeast". thisstage.la. LA STAGE Alliance. September 16, 2013 . Retrieved 2017-04-21 . ^ "The Week's Best Photo". Google Books. JET Magazine. March 25, 1991 . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ Gimenes, Erika (2001). "Robert Townsend to divorce". Hollywood.com . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ "Jackie's Back! (1999)" at IMDb. External links [ edit ] Robert Townsend on IMDbRobert Townsend (Official Website) (9) Charles Woods (The Professor) - Hollywood's Tricknology: Mandingo To Malcolm X - YouTube Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:59 Tyler Perry Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:57 Tyler Perry is a world-renowned producer, director, actor, screenwriter, playwright, author, songwriter, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. Tyler Perry's Story Tyler Perry is a world-renowned producer, director, actor, screenwriter, playwright, author, songwriter, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. Read His Story Outreach Since 2006, The Perry Foundation's aim has been to transform tragedy into triumph by empowering the economically disadvantaged to achieve a better quality of life. We focus on health and clean water, education and technology, arts and culture, and globally-sustainable economic development. Get Involved Visit Website You are viewing Tyler Perry Entertainment. If you'd like to view the Tyler Perry Studios, click here. Black writers courageously staring down the white gaze '' this is why we all must read them | Stan Grant | Opinion | The Guardian Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:46 The white gaze '' it is a phrase that resonates in black American literature. Writers from WEB Du Bois to Ralph Ellison to James Baldwin and Toni Morrison have struggled with it and railed against it. As Morrison '' a Nobel Laureate '' once said: Our lives have no meaning, no depth without the white gaze. And I have spent my entire writing life trying to make sure that the white gaze was not the dominant one in any of my books. The white gaze: it traps black people in white imaginations. It is the eyes of a white schoolteacher who sees a black student and lowers expectations. It is the eyes of a white cop who sees a black person and looks twice '' or worse, feels for a gun. Du Bois explored this more than a century ago in his book The Souls of Black Folk, reflecting on his conversations with white people and the ensuing delicate dance around the ''Negro problem''. Between me and the other world there is an ever unasked question'.... All, nevertheless, flutter around it ... Instead of saying directly, how does it feel to be a problem? They say, I know an excellent coloured man in my town ... To the real question '... I answer seldom a word. Baldwin was as ever more direct and piercing, writing in his book Nobody Knows My Name. I have spent most of my life ... watching white people and outwitting them so that I might survive. The flame has passed to a new generation. In 2015 three more black writers have stared down the white gaze. In their own ways Ta-Nehisi Coates, Claudia Rankine and George Yancy have held up a mirror to white America. These are uncompromising and fearless voices. Coates' searing essay Between The World And Me critiques America against a backdrop of black deaths at the hands of police. He says the country's history is rooted in slavery and the assault against the black body. In the form of a letter to his son, Coates writes: Here is what I would like for you to know: In America it is traditional to destroy the black body '' it is heritage. In Citizen '' An American Lyric, poet Rankine reflects on the black experience from the victims of Hurricane Katrina, or Trayvon Martin, a 17 year-old black youth shot dead by a neighbourhood watch volunteer who was acquitted, or black tennis star Serena Williams. In each case Rankine sees lives framed by whiteness. She writes: Because white men can't police their imagination, black men are dying. Philosophy Professor George Yancy just last week penned a letter in the New York Times addressed to ''Dear White America''. He asks his countrymen to listen with love, and to look at those things that might cause pain and terror. All white people, he says, benefit from racism and this means each, in their own way, are racist. '...don't run to seek shelter from your own racism'...practice being vulnerable. Being neither a ''good'' white person, nor a liberal white person will get you off the proverbial hook. Their unflinching work is not tempered by the fact a black man is in the White House '' that only makes their voices more urgent. Coates, Rankine, Yancy '' each has been variously praised and awarded, yet each has been pilloried as well. This is inevitable when some people don't like what the mirror reflects. It takes courage for a black person to speak to a white world, a world that can render invisible people of colour, unless they begin to more closely resemble white people themselves '' an education, a house in the suburbs, a good job, lighter skin. In Australia, too, black voices are defying the white gaze. We may not have the popular cut through of a Morrison or a Baldwin or a Coates, but we have a proud tradition '' Oodgeroo Noonuccal, Kevin Gilbert, Ruby Langford or more recently Kim Scott, Alexis Wright, Anita Heiss. I have spent some time recently reading some of the most powerful works of Indigenous writers. Their styles and genres are many and varied but there is a common and powerful theme of defiance and survival. This is a world so instantly recognisable to us '' Indigenous people '' but still so foreign to white Australia. Natalie Harkin's book of poetry, Dirty Words, is a subversive dictionary that turns English words back on their users: A is apology, B is for Boat People '... G is for Genocide ... S for Survival. ''How do you dream,'' she writes, ''When your lucky country does not sleep''. Bruce Pascoe's Dark Emu challenges the white stereotype of the ''primitive hunter gatherer''. He says the economy and culture of Indigenous people has been grossly undervalued. He cites journals and diaries of explorers and colonists to reveal the industry and ingenuity of pre-colonial Aboriginal society. He says it is a window into a world of people building dams and wells and houses, irrigating and harvesting seed and creating elaborate cemeteries. Pascoe's work demands to be taught in our schools. Tony Birch is an acclaimed novelist and his latest Ghost River is remarkable. It is the story of two friends navigating the journey into adulthood guided by the men of the river '' men others may see as homeless and hopeless. It is a work infused with a sense of place and belonging. Ellen Van Neerven's Heat and Light is a genre-busting mystical journey into identity: sexual, racial and national. It is provocative and challenging and mind bending, and altogether stunning. You won't find many of these titles in the annual best book lists. Occasionally they pop up, but not as often as they deserve. You probably won't hear much of Samuel Wagan Watson's Love Poems and Death Threats, or Ken Canning's Yimbama, or Lionel Fogarty's Eelahroo (Long Ago) Nyah (Looking) Mobo-Mobo (Future). That these works are not more widely read is a national shame. In our busy lives, try to find time for some of these books in 2016 '' read with the courage of these writers. George Yancy asks white Americans to become ''un-sutured'', to open themselves up and let go of their white innocence. Why is this important? Well, for white people it may simply be a matter of choice '' the fate of black people may not affect them. For us it is survival '' the white gaze means we die young, are locked up and locked out of work and education. We hear a lot about recognition '' acknowledging Indigenous people in the Australian constitution. But there is another recognition '' recognising the pervasive and too often destructive role of race in our lives, and the need to lift our gaze above it. Queen | Definition of Queen by Merriam-Webster Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:40 To save this word, you'll need to log in. \ ËkwÄ'n \ 1 a : the wife or widow of a king b : the wife or widow of a tribal chief 2 a : a female monarch b : a female chieftain 3 a : a woman eminent in rank, power, or attractions a movie queen b : a goddess or a thing personified as female and having supremacy in a specified realm c : an attractive girl or woman especially : a beauty contest winner 4 : the most privileged piece of each color in a set of chessmen having the power to move in any direction across any number of unoccupied squares 5 : a playing card marked with a stylized figure of a queen 6 : the fertile fully developed female of social bees, ants, and termites whose function is to lay eggs 7 : a mature female cat kept especially for breeding 8 slang , often disparaging : a male homosexual especially : an effeminate one queened ; queening ; queens intransitive verb 1 : to act like a queen especially : to put on airs '-- usually used with it queens it over her friends 2 : to become a queen in chess the pawn queens Pan-Africanism - Wikipedia Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:37 Worldwide movement that aims to encourage and strengthen bonds of solidarity between all people of African descent Pan-Africanism is a worldwide movement that aims to encourage and strengthen bonds of solidarity between all indigenous and diasporan ethnic groups of African descent. Based on a common goal dating back to the Atlantic slave trade, the movement extends beyond continental Africans with a substantial support base among the African diaspora in the Caribbean, Latin America, the United States and Canada and Europe.[1][2] It is based on the belief that unity is vital to economic, social, and political progress and aims to "unify and uplift" people of African descent.[3] The ideology asserts that the fate of all African people and countries[clarification needed ] are intertwined. At its core Pan-Africanism is a belief that ''African people, both on the continent and in the diaspora, share not merely a common history, but a common destiny".[4] Pan-Africanist intellectual, cultural, and political movements tend to view all Africans and descendants of Africans as belonging to a single "race" and sharing cultural unity. Pan-Africanism posits a sense of a shared historical fate for Africans in the Americas, West Indies, and, on the continent itself, has centered on the Atlantic trade in slaves, African slavery, and European imperialism.[5] The Organization of African Unity (now the African Union) was established in 1963 to safeguard the sovereignty and territorial integrity of its Member States and to promote global relations within the framework of the United Nations.[6] The African Union Commission has its seat in Addis Ababa and the Pan-African Parliament has its seat in Johannesburg and Midrand. Overview [ edit ] Pan-Africanism stresses the need for "collective self-reliance".[7] Pan-Africanism exists as a governmental and grassroots objective. Pan-African advocates include leaders such as Haile Selassie, Julius Nyerere, Ahmed S(C)kou Tour(C), Kwame Nkrumah, King Sobhuza II, Thomas Sankara and Muammar Gaddafi, grassroots organizers such as Marcus Garvey and Malcolm X, academics such as W. E. B. Du Bois, and others in the diaspora.[8][9][10] Pan-Africanists believe that solidarity will enable the continent to fulfill its potential to independently provide for all its people. Crucially, an all-African alliance would empower African people globally. The realization of the Pan-African objective would lead to "power consolidation in Africa", which "would compel a reallocation of global resources, as well as unleashing a fiercer psychological energy and political assertion...that would unsettle social and political (power) structures...in the Americas".[11] Advocates of Pan-Africanism'--i.e. "Pan-Africans" or "Pan-Africanists"'--often champion socialist principles and tend to be opposed to external political and economic involvement on the continent. Critics accuse the ideology of homogenizing the experience of people of African descent. They also point to the difficulties of reconciling current divisions within countries on the continent and within communities in the diaspora.[11] History [ edit ] As a philosophy, Pan-Africanism represents the aggregation of the historical, cultural, spiritual, artistic, scientific, and philosophical legacies of Africans from past times to the present. Pan-Africanism as an ethical system traces its origins from ancient times, and promotes values that are the product of the African civilisations and the struggles against slavery, racism, colonialism, and neo-colonialism.[8] Alongside a large number of slaves insurrections, by the end of the 19th century a political movement developed across the Americas, Europe and Africa that sought to weld disparate movements into a network of solidarity, putting an end to oppression. Another important political form of a religious Pan-Africanist worldview appeared in the form of Ethiopianism.[12] In London, the Sons of Africa was a political group addressed by Quobna Ottobah Cugoano in the 1791 edition of his book Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil of Slavery. The group addressed meetings and organised letter-writing campaigns, published campaigning material and visited parliament. They wrote to figures such as Granville Sharp, William Pitt and other members of the white abolition movement, as well as King George III and the Prince of Wales, the future George IV. Modern Pan-Africanism began around the start of the 20th century. The African Association, later renamed the Pan-African Association, was established around 1897 by Henry Sylvester-Williams, who organized the First Pan-African Conference in London in 1900.[13][14][15] With the independence of Ghana in March 1957, Kwame Nkrumah was elected as the first Prime Minister and President of the State.[16] Nkrumah emerged as a major advocate for the unity of Independent Africa. The Ghanaian President embodied a political activist approach to pan-Africanism as he championed the "quest for regional integration of the whole of the African continent".[17] This period represented a "Golden Age of high pan-African ambitions"; the Continent had experienced revolution and decolonization from Western powers and the narrative of rebirth and solidarity had gained momentum within the pan-African movement.[17] Nkrumah's pan-African principles intended for a union between the Independent African states upon a recognition of their commonality (i.e. suppression under imperialism). Pan-Africanism under Nkrumah evolved past the assumptions of a racially exclusive movement associated with black Africa, and adopted a political discourse of regional unity [18] In April 1958, Nkrumah hosted the first All-African Peoples' Conference (AAPC) in Accra, Ghana. This Conference invited delegates of political movements and major political leaders. With the exception of South Africa, all Independent States of the Continent attended: Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Liberia, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia and Sudan.[18] This Conference signified a monumental event in the pan-African movement, as it revealed a political and social union between those considered Arabic states and the black African regions. Further, the Conference espoused a common African Nationalist identity, among the States, of unity and anti-Imperialism. Frantz Fanon, journalist, freedom fighter and a member of the Algerian FLN party attended the conference as a delegate for Algeria.[19] Considering the armed struggle of the FLN against French colonial rule, the attendees of the Conference agreed to support the struggle of those States under colonial oppression. This encouraged the commitment of direct involvement in the "emancipation of the Continent; thus, a fight against colonial pressures on South Africa was declared and the full support of the FLN struggle in Algeria, against French colonial rule"".[20] In the years following 1958, Accra Conference also marked the establishment of a new foreign policy of non-alignment as between the US and USSR, and the will to establish an "African Identity" in global affairs by advocating a unity between the African States on international relations. "This would be based on the Bandung Declaration, the Charter of the UN and on loyalty to UN decisions."[20] In 1959, Nkrumah, President S(C)kou Tour(C) of Guinea and President William Tubman of Liberia met at Sanniquellie and signed the Sanniquellie Declaration outlining the principles for the achievement of the unity of Independent African States whilst maintaining a national identity and autonomous constitutional structure.[21][22] The Declaration called for a revised understanding of pan-Africanism and the uniting of the Independent States. In 1960, the second All-African Peoples' Conference was held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.[23] The membership of the All-African Peoples' Organisation (AAPO) had increased with the inclusion of the "Algerian Provisional Government (as they had not yet won independence), Cameroun, Guinea, Nigeria, Somalia and the United Arab Republic".[24] The Conference highlighted diverging ideologies within the movement, as Nkrumah's call for a political and economic union between the Independent African States gained little agreement. The disagreements following 1960 gave rise to two rival factions within the pan-African movement: the Casablanca Bloc and the Brazzaville Bloc.[25] In 1962, Algeria gained independence from French colonial rule and Ahmed Ben Bella assumed Presidency. Ben Bella was a strong advocate for pan-Africanism and an African Unity. Following the FLN's armed struggle for liberation, Ben Bella spoke at the UN and espoused for Independent Africa's role in providing military and financial support to the African liberation movements opposing apartheid and fighting Portuguese colonialism.[26] In search of a united voice, in 1963 at an African Summit conference in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 32 African states met and established the Organization of African Unity (OAU). The creation of the OAU Charter took place at this Summit and defines a coordinated "effort to raise the standard of living of member States and defend their sovereignty" by supporting freedom fighters and decolonisation.[27] Thus, was the formation of the African Liberation Committee (ALC), during the 1963 Summit. Championing the support of liberation movements, was Algeria's President Ben Bella, immediately "donated 100 million francs to its finances and was one of the first countries, of the Organisation to boycott Portuguese and South African goods".[26] In 1969, Algiers hosted the Pan-African Cultural Festival, on July 21 and it continued for eight days.[28] At this moment in history, Algeria stood as a ''beacon of African and Third-World militancy,''[28] and would come to inspire fights against colonialism around the world. The festival attracted thousands from African states and the African Diaspora, including the Black Panthers. It represented the application of the tenets of the Algerian revolution to the rest of Africa, and symbolized the re-shaping of the definition of pan-African identity under the common experience of colonialism.[28] The Festival further strengthened Algeria's President, Boumediene's standing in Africa and the Third World.[28] After the death of Kwame Nkrumah in 1972, Muammar Qaddafi assumed the mantle of leader of the Pan-Africanist movement and became the most outspoken advocate of African Unity, like Nkrumah before him '' for the advent of a "United States of Africa".[29] In the United States, the term is closely associated with Afrocentrism, an ideology of African-American identity politics that emerged during the civil rights movement of the 1960s to 1970s.[30] Concept [ edit ] As originally conceived by Henry Sylvester-Williams (although some historians[who? ] credit the idea to Edward Wilmot Blyden), Pan-Africanism referred to the unity of all continental Africa.[31] During apartheid South Africa there was a Pan Africanist Congress that dealt with the oppression of Africans in South Africa under Apartheid rule. Other pan-Africanist organisations include: Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association-African Communities League, TransAfrica and the International People's Democratic Uhuru Movement. Additionally, Pan-Africanism is seen as an endeavor to return to what are deemed by its proponents as singular, traditional African concepts about culture, society, and values. Examples of this include L(C)opold S(C)dar Senghor's N(C)gritude movement, and Mobutu Sese Seko's view of Authenticit(C). An important theme running through much pan-Africanist literature concerns the historical links between different countries on the continent, and the benefits of cooperation as a way of resisting imperialism and colonialism. In the 21st century, some Pan-Africanists aim to address globalisation and the problems of environmental justice. For instance, at the conference "Pan-Africanism for a New Generation"[32] held at the University of Oxford, June 2011, Ledum Mittee, the current president of the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), argued that environmental justice movements across the African continent should create horizontal linkages in order to better protect the interests of threatened peoples and the ecological systems in which they are embedded, and upon which their survival depends. Some universities went as far as creating "Departments of Pan-African Studies" in the late 1960s. This includes the California State University, where that department was founded in 1969 as a direct reaction to the civil rights movement, and is today dedicated to "teaching students about the African World Experience", to "demonstrate to the campus and the community the richness, vibrance, diversity, and vitality of African, African American, and Caribbean cultures" and to "presenting students and the community with an Afrocentric analysis" of anti-black racism.[33]Syracuse University also offers a master's degree in "Pan African Studies".[34] Pan-African colors [ edit ] The flags of numerous states in Africa and of Pan-African groups use green, yellow and red. This colour combination was originally adopted from the 1897 flag of Ethiopia, and was inspired by the fact that Ethiopia is the continent's oldest independent nation,[35] thus making the Ethiopian green, yellow and red the closest visual representation of Pan-Africanism. This is in comparison to the Black Nationalist flag, representing political theory centred around the eugenicist caste-stratified colonial Americas.[36] The UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association) flag, is a tri-color flag consisting of three equal horizontal bands of (from top down) red, black and green. The UNIA formally adopted it on August 13, 1920,[37] during its month-long convention at Madison Square Garden in New York.[38][39] Variations of the flag have been used in various countries and territories in Africa and the Americas to represent Black Nationalist ideologies. Among these are the flags of Malawi, Kenya and Saint Kitts and Nevis. Several Pan-African organizations and movements have also often employed the emblematic red, black and green tri-color scheme in variety of contexts. Maafa studies [ edit ] Maafa is an aspect of Pan-African studies. The term collectively refers to 500 years of suffering (including the present) of people of African heritage through slavery, imperialism, colonialism, and other forms of oppression.[40][41] In this area of study, both the actual history and the legacy of that history are studied as a single discourse. The emphasis in the historical narrative is on African agents, as opposed to non-African agents.[42] Political parties and organizations [ edit ] In Africa [ edit ] Organisation of African Unity, succeeded by the African UnionAfrican Unification FrontRassemblement D(C)mocratique AfricainAll-African People's Revolutionary PartyConvention People's Party (Ghana)Pan-African Renaissance[43]Economic Freedom Fighters (South Africa)Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (South Africa)In the Caribbean [ edit ] The Pan-African Affairs Commission for Pan-African Affairs, a unit within the Office of the Prime Minister of Barbados.[44]African Society for Cultural Relations with Independent Africa (Guyana)Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement (Antigua and Barbuda)Clement Payne Movement (Barbados)Marcus Garvey People's Political Party (Jamaica)Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (Jamaica)In the United Kingdom [ edit ] Pan-African FederationIn the United States [ edit ] The Council on African Affairs (CAA): founded in 1937 by Max Yergan and Paul Robeson, the CAA was the first major U.S. organization whose focus was on providing pertinent and up-to-date information about Pan-Africanism across the United States, particularly to African Americans. Probably the most successful campaign of the Council was for South African famine relief in 1946. The CAA was hopeful that, following World War II, there would be a move towards Third World independence under the trusteeship of the United Nations.[45] To the CAA's dismay, the proposals introduced by the U.S. government to the conference in April/May 1945 set no clear limits on the duration of colonialism and no motions towards allowing territorial possessions to move towards self-government.[45] Liberal supporters abandoned the CAA, and the federal government cracked down on its operations. In 1953 the CAA was charged with subversion under the McCarran Internal Security Act. Its principal leaders, including Robeson, W. E. B. Du Bois, and Alphaeus Hunton (1903''70), were subjected to harassment, indictments, and in the case of Hunton, imprisonment. Under the weight of internal disputes, government repression, and financial hardships, the Council on African Affairs disbanded in 1955.[46]The US Organization was founded in 1965 by Maulana Karenga, following the Watts riots. It is based on the synthetic African philosophy of kawaida, and is perhaps best known for creating Kwanzaa and the Nguzo Saba ("seven principles"). In the words of its founder and chair, Karenga, "the essential task of our organization Us has been and remains to provide a philosophy, a set of principles and a program which inspires a personal and social practice that not only satisfies human need but transforms people in the process, making them self-conscious agents of their own life and liberation".[47]Pan-African concepts and philosophies [ edit ] Afrocentric Pan-Africanism [ edit ] Afrocentric Pan-Africanism is espoused by Kwabena Faheem Ashanti in his book The Psychotechnology of Brainwashing: Crucifying Willie Lynch. Another newer movement that has evolved from the early Afrocentric school is the Afrisecal movement or Afrisecaism of Francis Ohanyido, a Nigerian philosopher-poet.[48] Black Nationalism is sometimes associated with this form of pan-Africanism. Kawaida [ edit ] Hip hop [ edit ] Since the late 1970s, hip hop has emerged as a powerful force that has partly shaped black identity worldwide. In his 2005 article "Hip-hop Turns 30: Whatcha Celebratin' For?", Greg Tate describes hip-hop culture as the product of a Pan-African state of mind. It is an "ethnic enclave/empowerment zone that has served as a foothold for the poorest among us to get a grip on the land of the prosperous".[49] Hip-hop unifies those of African descent globally in its movement towards greater economic, social and political power. Andreana Clay in her article "Keepin' it Real: Black Youth, Hip-Hop Culture, and Black Identity" states that hip-hop provides the world with "vivid illustrations of Black lived experience", creating bonds of black identity across the globe.[50] From a Pan-African perspective, Hip-Hop Culture can be a conduit to authenticate a black identity, and in doing so, creates a unifying and uplifting force among Africans that Pan-Africanism sets out to achieve. Pan-African art [ edit ] Further information on pan-African film festivals see: FESPACO and PAFFSee also [ edit ] Literature [ edit ] Hakim Adi & Marika Sherwood, Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora Since 1787, London: Routledgem 2003.Imanuel Geiss, Panafrikanismus. Zur Geschichte der Dekolonisation. Habilitation, EVA, Frankfurt am Main, 1968, English as: The Pan-African Movement, London: Methuen, 1974, ISBN 0-416-16710-1, and as: The Pan-African Movement. A history of Pan-Africanism in America, Europe and Africa, New York: Africana Publ., 1974, ISBN 0-8419-0161-9.Colin Legum, Pan-Africanism: A Short Political Guide, revised edition, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1965.Tony Martin, Pan-African Connection: From Slavery to Garvey and Beyond, Dover: The Majority Press, 1985.References [ edit ] ^ Austin, David (Fall 2007). "All Roads Led to Montreal: Black Power, the Caribbean and the Black Radical Tradition in Canada". Journal of African American History. 92 (4): 516''539 . Retrieved March 30, 2019 . ^ Oloruntoba-Oju, Omotayo (December 2012). "Pan Africanism, Myth and History in African and Caribbean Drama". Journal of Pan African Studies. 5 (8): 190 ff. ^ Frick, Janari, et al. (2006), History: Learner's Book, p. 235, South Africa: New Africa Books. ^ Makalani, Minkah (2011), "Pan-Africanism". Africana Age. ^ New Dictionary of the History of Ideas. The Gale Group, Inc. 2005. ^ About the African Union Archived January 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. ^ "The objectives of the PAP", The Pan-African Parliament '' 2014 and beyond. ^ a b Falola, Toyin; Essien, Kwame (2013). Pan-Africanism, and the Politics of African Citizenship and Identity. London: Routledge. pp. 71''72. ISBN 1135005192 . Retrieved September 26, 2015 . ^ Goebel, Anti-Imperial Metropolis, pp. 250''278. ^ Maguire, K., "Ghana re-evaluates Nkrumah", GlobalPost, October 21, 2009. Retrieved September 13, 2012. ^ a b Agyeman, O., Pan-Africanism and Its Detractors: A Response to Harvard's Race Effacing Universalists, Harvard University Press (1998), cited in Mawere, Munyaradzi; Tapuwa R. Mubaya, African Philosophy and Thought Systems: A Search for a Culture and Philosophy of Belonging, Langaa RPCIG (2016), p. 89. ISBN 9789956763016. Retrieved August 23, 2018. ^ "Pan-Africanism". exhibitions.nypl.org . Retrieved February 16, 2017 . ^ "A history of Pan-Africanism", New Internationalist, 326, August 2000. ^ The History of Pan Africanism, PADEAP (Pan African Development Education and Advocacy Programme). ^ Lubin, Alex, "The Contingencies of Pan-Africanism", Geographies of Liberation: The Making of an Afro-Arab Political Imaginary, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014, p. 71. ^ Smith-Asante, E., "Biography of Ghana's first President, Dr Kwame Nkrumah", Graphic Online, March 8, 2016. Retrieved March 23, 2017. ^ a b Mkandawire, P. (2005). African Intellectuals: Rethinking Politics, Language, Gender and Development, Dakar: Codesria/London: Zed Books, p. 58. Retrieved March 23, 2017. ^ a b Legum, C. (1965). Pan-Africanism: a short political guide, New York, etc.: Frederick A. Praeger, p. 41. ^ Adi, H., & M. Sherwood (2003). Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora Since 1787, London: Routledge, p. 66. ^ a b Legum (1965). Pan-Africanism, p. 42. ^ Adi & Sherwood (2003). Pan-African History, p. 179. ^ Legum (1965), Pan-Africanism, p. 45. ^ Legum (1965). Pan-Africanism, p. 46. ^ Legum (1965), Pan-Africanism, p. 47. ^ Martin, G. (2012). African Political Thought, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ^ a b Adi & Sherwood (2003), Pan-African History, p. 10. ^ "African states unite against white rule", ON THIS DAY | May25. BBC News. Retrieved March 23, 2017. ^ a b c d Evans, M., & J. Phillips (2008). Algeria: Anger of the Dispossessed, Yale University Press, pp. 97''98. ^ Martin, G. (December 23, 2012). African Political Thought. Springer. ISBN 9781137062055. ^ See e.g. Ronald W. Walters, Pan Africanism in the African Diaspora: An Analysis of Modern Afrocentric Political Movements, African American Life Series, Wayne State University Press, 1997, p. 68. ^ Campbell, Crystal Z. (December 2006). "Sculpting a Pan-African Culture in the Art of N(C)gritude: A Model for African Artist" (PDF) . The Journal of Pan African Studies. Archived from the original on June 1, 2015. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link) ^ Oxford University African Society Conference, Corpus Christi College, Oxford University, May 5, 2012. ^ "About Us". Csus.edu . Retrieved October 15, 2015 . ^ The M.A. in Pan African Studies Archived October 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, African American Studies at Syracuse University. ^ Smith, Whitney (2001). Flag Lore of All Nations . Millbrook Press. p. 36. ISBN 0761317538 . Retrieved October 7, 2014 . ^ Lionel K., McPherson; Shelby, Tommie (Spring 2004). "Blackness and Blood: Interpreting African American Identity" (PDF) . Philosophy and Public Affairs. 32: 171''192. ^ Wikisource contributors, "The Declaration of the Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World", Wikisource, The Free Library. (Retrieved October 6, 2007). ^ "25,000 Negroes Convene: International Gathering Will Prepare Own Bill of Rights", The New York Times, August 2, 1920. Proquest. Retrieved October 5, 2007. ^ "Negroes Adopt Bill Of Rights: Convention Approves Plan for African Republic and Sets to Work on Preparation of Constitution of the Colored Race Negro Complaints Aggression Condemned Recognition Demanded". The Christian Science Monitor, August 17, 1920. Proquest. Retrieved October 5, 2007. ^ "What Holocaust". "Glenn Reitz". Archived from the original on October 18, 2007. ^ "The Maafa, African Holocaust". Swagga. ^ Ogunleye, Tolagbe (1997). "African American Folklore: Its Role in Reconstructing African American History". Journal of Black Studies. 27 (4): 435''455. ISSN 0021-9347. ^ "Pan-African Renaissance". ^ Rodney Worrell (2005). Pan-Africanism in Barbados: An Analysis of the Activities of the Major 20th-century Pan-African Formations in Barbados. New Academia Publishing, LLC. pp. 99''102. ISBN 978-0-9744934-6-6. ^ a b Duberman, Martin. Paul Robeson, 1989, pp. 296''97. ^ "Council on African Affairs", African Activist Archive. ^ "Philosophy, Principles, and Program". The Organization Us. ^ "Francis Okechukwu Ohanyido". African Resource. ^ Tate, Greg, "Hip-hop Turns 30: Whatcha Celebratin' For?", Village Voice, January 4, 2005. ^ Clay, Andreana. "Keepin' it Real: Black Youth, Hip-Hop Culture, and Black Identity". In American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 46.10 (2003): 1346''58. External links [ edit ] SNCC Digital Gateway: Pan-Africanism'--Digital documentary website created by the SNCC Legacy Project and Duke University, telling the story of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee & grassroots organizing from the inside-outAfrican UnionAfrican Code Unity Through DiversityA-APRP WebsiteThe Major Pan-African news and articles siteProfessor David Murphy (November 15, 2015). "The Performance of Pan-Africanism: performing black identity at major pan-African festivals, 1966''2010" (Podcast). The University of Edinburgh . Retrieved January 28, 2016 '' via Soundcloud. Ebro Darden - Wikipedia Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:36 Ebro Darden BornIbrahim Jamil Darden ( 1975-03-17 ) March 17, 1975 (age 44) NationalityAmericanOccupationMedia executiveradio personalityYears active1990''presentKnown forHot 97 radio personalityBeats1 DJChildren1Websitewww.EbroDarden.comIbrahim "Ebro" Darden (born March 17, 1975) is an American media executive and radio personality. Until 2014, he was Vice President of Programming for Emmis Communications' New York contemporary urban station WQHT (Hot 97). He is currently a co-host on the Hot 97 morning show, Ebro in the Morning, alongside Peter Rosenberg, and Laura Stylez. As of 2015, Darden also hosts a hip hop music-based radio show on Beats 1. Early life [ edit ] Darden was born to a black father and a Jewish mother. He attended a Pentecostal church and Hebrew school while growing up in Oakland and Sacramento.[1] Career [ edit ] Start in radio [ edit ] Darden began his career in radio in 1990 at KSFM in Sacramento, California, while he was still a teenager. At KSFM he worked in research and as a sales runner until moving into programming as an intern, and later co-hosting for KSFM's night and morning shows. In 1997, he worked at KBMB in Sacramento as Programming and Music Director, as well as an afternoon host. Eventually, Darden became Operations Manager at KBMB, while also co-hosting mornings at KXJM in Portland, Oregon, in 1999. Hot 97 [ edit ] In 2003, Darden became Music Director for WQHT, ultimately becoming the Program Director for the station in 2007.[2][3][4] Darden worked alongside several past WQHT Hot 97 morning show co-hosts including Star and Bucwild, Miss Jones, DJ Envy, Sway, and Joe Budden from 2004 to 2007, and introduced Cipha Sounds and Peter Rosenberg to the AM drive in 2009. He rejoined the Hot 97 Morning Show in 2012, alongside Cipha Sounds, Peter Rosenberg, and Laura Stylez. As Programming Director and on-air host, Darden was the main voice of several events at Hot 97 including Nicki Minaj's relationship with the station, and her alleged sexual relationship with the host; Hurricane Sandy; and Mister Cee's personal life.[5] In 2014, VH1 announced a new unscripted comedy series, This Is Hot 97, which featured Darden and fellow hosts including Angie Martinez, Funkmaster Flex, Peter Rosenberg, Cipha Sounds, Miss Info, and Laura Stylez.[6] Beats 1 [ edit ] In addition to his current on-air role at Hot 97, Darden is now one of three anchor DJs on Beats 1, an Internet radio service from Apple Music. Feuds and controversy [ edit ] A comedic rivalry between Darden and fellow accomplished radio personality Charlamagne Tha God of Power 105.1 has been ongoing for years. In May 2017, Darden clarified their relationship, stating, "The stuff we do on the radio is stupid. It's for fun. I make fun of you for fun. That's it. It's not that deep... me and that dude don't have a personal problem... a personal relationship".[7] Darden was mentioned in Remy Ma's "shETHER" diss track, on which Ma insinuated that he slept with Nicki Minaj by stating "Coke head, you cheated on your man with Ebro". After jokingly going back and forth with both Ma and her husband Papoose on social media, Darden denied the rumors, stating that he and Minaj had only a professional relationship.[8] Ebro has been in an ongoing feud with Brooklyn artist 6ix9ine. Ebro made fun of 6ix9ine as looking like a clown and criticized him for bragging about streaming numbers,[9] and 6ix9ine responded on the song "Stoopid" with the line "That nigga Ebro, he a bitch/Just another old nigga on a young nigga dick." [10] Personal life [ edit ] Darden has a daughter, Isa, who was born in 2014.[11] Recognition [ edit ] In 2013, he was recognized by Radio Ink as a future African American leader.[12] Filmography [ edit ] References [ edit ] Queen & Slim (2019) - IMDb Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:13 3 nominations. See more awards >> Learn more More Like This Comedy | Crime | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.1 / 10 X A detective investigates the death of a patriarch of an eccentric, combative family. Director:Rian Johnson Stars:Daniel Craig,Chris Evans,Ana de Armas Action | Crime | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.6 / 10 X An embattled NYPD detective is thrust into a citywide manhunt for a pair of cop killers after uncovering a massive and unexpected conspiracy. Director:Brian Kirk Stars:Chadwick Boseman,Sienna Miller,J.K. Simmons Action | Biography | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.5 / 10 X The extraordinary tale of Harriet Tubman's escape from slavery and transformation into one of America's greatest heroes, whose courage, ingenuity, and tenacity freed hundreds of slaves and changed the course of history. Director:Kasi Lemmons Stars:Cynthia Erivo,Leslie Odom Jr.,Joe Alwyn Biography | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.9 / 10 X Based on the true story of a real-life friendship between Fred Rogers and journalist Tom Junod. Director:Marielle Heller Stars:Tom Hanks,Matthew Rhys,Chris Cooper Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.2 / 10 X A young actor's stormy childhood and early adult years as he struggles to reconcile with his father and deal with his mental health. Director:Alma Har'el Stars:Shia LaBeouf,Lucas Hedges,Noah Jupe Drama | Romance | Sport 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.7 / 10 X Traces the journey of a suburban family - led by a well-intentioned but domineering father - as they navigate love, forgiveness, and coming together in the aftermath of a loss. Director:Trey Edward Shults Stars:Taylor Russell,Kelvin Harrison Jr.,Alexa Demie Comedy | Drama | War 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.1 / 10 X A young boy in Hitler's army finds out his mother is hiding a Jewish girl in their home. Director:Taika Waititi Stars:Roman Griffin Davis,Thomasin McKenzie,Scarlett Johansson Action | Crime | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5.7 / 10 X A rookie New Orleans police officer is forced to balance her identity as a black woman after she witnesses two corrupt cops committing murder. Director:Deon Taylor Stars:Naomie Harris,Frank Grillo,Mike Colter Biography | Drama | History 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.3 / 10 X A corporate defense attorney takes on an environmental lawsuit against a chemical company that exposes a lengthy history of pollution. Director:Todd Haynes Stars:Anne Hathaway,Mark Ruffalo,William Jackson Harper Drama | Fantasy | Horror 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.3 / 10 X Two lighthouse keepers try to maintain their sanity while living on a remote and mysterious New England island in the 1890s. Director:Robert Eggers Stars:Willem Dafoe,Robert Pattinson,Valeriia Karaman Crime | Drama | Mystery 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.5 / 10 X Consummate con man Roy Courtnay has set his sights on his latest mark: the recently widowed Betty McLeish, worth millions. But this time, what should have been a simple swindle escalates into a cat-and-mouse game with the ultimate stakes. Director:Bill Condon Stars:Helen Mirren,Ian McKellen,Russell Tovey Crime | Drama | Mystery 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.1 / 10 X In 1950s New York, a lonely private detective afflicted with Tourette's Syndrome ventures to solve the murder of his mentor and only friend. Director:Edward Norton Stars:Edward Norton,Gugu Mbatha-Raw,Alec Baldwin Edit Storyline Slim and Queen's first date takes an unexpected turn when a policeman pulls them over for a minor traffic violation. When the situation escalates, Slim takes the officer's gun and shoots him in self-defence. Now labelled cop killers in the media, Slim and Queen feel that they have no choice but to go on the run and evade the law. When a video of the incident goes viral, the unwitting outlaws soon become a symbol of trauma, terror, grief and pain for people all across the country Written bystmc-25959 Plot Summary | Add Synopsis Motion Picture Rating (MPAA) Rated R for violence, some strong sexuality, nudity, pervasive language, and brief drug use. | See all certifications >> Edit Details Release Date: 27 November 2019 (USA) See more >> Edit Box Office Opening Weekend USA: $11,700,000, 1 December 2019 Gross USA: $15,810,000 Cumulative Worldwide Gross: $15,810,000 See more on IMDbPro >> Company Credits Technical Specs Runtime: 131 min Aspect Ratio: 2.39 : 1 See full technical specs >> Edit Did You Know? Trivia First feature film to be directed by Melina Matsoukas, who has previously only directed music videos and TV episodes. See more >> Quotes Slim :Are you tryin' to die? Queen :No. I just always wanted to do that. Slim :Well, don't do it while I'm drivin' Queen :You should try it. Slim :Nah, I'm good. Queen :Pull over. Slim :Na-ah. Queen :Come on! Pull over. Pull over! Slim :If I do, would you please, let me drive the rest of the way it is? Queen :Swear to God. [...] See more >> Explore popular and recently added TV series available to stream now with Prime Video. Start your free trial Music in this episode Intro: Puff Daddy - It's all about the benjamins Outro: Blue Magic - Sideshow Donate to the show at moefundme.com Search for us in your podcast directory or use this link to subscribe to the feed Podcast Feed For more information: MoeFactz.com

We examine the fine line between genius and madness in the life of the famous Nobel Prize winner. Arshad, M., & Fitzgerald, M. (2002, January). Did Nobel Prize winner John Nash have asperger's syndrome and schizophrenia? Retrieved September 24, 2019, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276059518DidNobelPrizeWinnerJohnNashhaveAsperger'ssyndromeand_Schizophrenia Barse, M. (2017, July 23). Some schizophrenia patients can cope without medication. Science Nordic. Retrieved from https://sciencenordic.com/denmark-psychology-videnskabdk/some-schizophrenia-patients-can-cope-without-medication/1447561 A brilliant madness [Television episode]. (2002). In American experience. Public Broadcasting Service. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0NNDSlvQGUo Burton, N. (2015, September 23). Mad Genius: Schizophrenia and ceativity [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/hide-and-seek/201509/mad-genius-schizophrenia-and-creativity Goode, E. (2015, May 24). John F. Nash Jr., math genius defined by a 'Beautiful Mind,' dies at 86. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/25/science/john-nash-a-beautiful-mind-subject-and-nobel-winner-dies-at-86.html John Forbes Nash Jr. (n.d.). Retrieved September 24, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JohnForbesNash_Jr. Kayser M. (2013). Editors' Pick: mad and genius in the same gene?. Investigative genetics, 4(1), 14. doi:10.1186/2041-2223-4-14 Koh, C. (2006). Reviewing the link between creativity and madness: A postmodern perspective. Educational Research and Reviews, 1(7), 213-221. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ee9f/df811f1a6642ad6616b3389093bc469824c5.pdf Nasar, S. (1998). A beautiful mind. Simon and Schuster. Parekh, R. (Ed.). (2017, July). What is schizophrenia? Retrieved September 24, 2019, from https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/schizophrenia/what-is-schizophrenia Perina, K. (2017, July 4). The mad genius mystery [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/articles/201707/the-mad-genius-mystery Schizophrenia. (n.d.). Retrieved September 24, 2019, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/schizophrenia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354443 Schizophrenia. (2016, February). Retrieved September 24, 2019, from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia/index.shtml Suellentrop, C. (2001, December 21). A Beautiful Mind's John Nash is nowhere near as complicated as the real one. Slate. Retrieved from https://slate.com/culture/2001/12/a-beautiful-mind-s-john-nash-is-less-complex-than-the-real-one.html What are the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism? (n.d.). Retrieved September 24, 2019, from https://www.autismspeaks.org/autism-diagnosis-criteria-dsm5 Wilson, C. (2014, February 6). Rethinking schizophrenia: Taming demons without drugs. New Scientist. Retrieved from https://www.newscientist.com/article/2074229-rethinking-schizophrenia-taming-demons-without-drugs/ Wolchover, N. (2012, June 2). Why are genius and madness connected? Retrieved September 24, 2019, from https://www.livescience.com/20713-genius-madness-connected.html

Straight out of Bram Stoker’s Dracula, those who suffer from Renfield’s syndrome are driven to drink blood. We’ll explore the long history of society’s fascination with hematophagy and how this might develop. Clinical vampirism. (n.d.). Retrieved September 13, 2019, from https://psychology.wikia.org/wiki/Clinical_vampirism Clinical vampirism. (n.d.). Retrieved September 13, 2019, from https://www.vampirerave.com/db/entry.php?id=28523 Clinical vampirism. (n.d.). Retrieved September 13, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_vampirism Griffiths, M. (2012, March 22). The bite of passion: Vampirism as a sexual paraphilia [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://drmarkgriffiths.wordpress.com/2012/03/22/the-bite-of-passion-vampirism-as-a-sexual-paraphilia/ Olry, R., & Haines, D. (2011). Renfield’s Syndrome: A Psychiatric Illness Drawn from Bram Stoker’s Dracula. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 20(4), 368–371. https://doi-org.ezproxy.bellevue.edu/10.1080/0964704X.2011.595655 Ramsland, K. (2012, November 21). Vampire personality disorder [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/shadow-boxing/201211/vampire-personality-disorder

You’ll fear the full moon after you hear the stories behind this disorder. Baird, R. (2015, August 4). Clinical lycanthropy: where psychiatry and mythology collide. The Glasgow Insight into Science and Technology (The GIST). Retrieved from https://the-gist.org/2015/08/clinical-lycanthropy-where-psychiatry-and-mythology-collide/ Blom, J. D. (2014). When doctors cry wolf: A systematic review of the literature on clinical lycanthropy. History of Psychiatry, 25(1), 87-102. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X13512192 Clinical lycanthropy. (n.d.). Retrieved September 13, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_lycanthropy Fahy, T. A. (1989). Lycanthropy: a review. Journal Of The Royal Society Of Medicine, 82(1), 37–39. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=mdc&AN=2647981&site=eds-live Gholipour, B. (2014, April 16). Real-life werewolves: Psychiatry re-examines rare delusion. Retrieved September 13, 2019, from https://www.livescience.com/44875-werewolves-in-psychiatry.html Nejad, A. G. (2007). Belief in transforming another person into a wolf: could it be a variant of lycanthropy? Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 115(2), 159–161. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=mdc&AN=17244180&site=eds-live

A potion so powerful it would have you spilling your innermost secrets?! We explore the history and validity of deception-prevention drugs. References: Bimmerle, G. (1993, September 22). "Truth" drugs in interrogation. Retrieved September 5, 2019, from https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol5no2/html/v05i2a09p_0001.htm Dressler, D. (1947). Saturday Evening Post, 220(26), 16. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=f5h&AN=1972 8259&site=eds-live Inglis-Arkell, E. (2012, April 19). What truths does "truth serum" sodium pentothal actually reveal? Retrieved September 5, 2019, from https://io9.gizmodo.com/what-truths-does-truth-serum-sodium-pentothal-actuall-5902559 Moenssens, A. A. (1961). Narcoanalysis in law enforcement. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 52(4), 453-458. Retrieved from https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=5056&context=jclc Serena, K. (2018, December 12). William Heirens was 17 when he was convicted for beheading a 6-year-old-girl-but did he do it? Retrieved September 5, 2019, from https://allthatsinteresting.com/william-heirens-lipstick-killer Townsend v. Sain. (n.d.). Retrieved September 5, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Townsendv.Sain

Real or Fake? We examine whether or not people can treat real medical problems by simply believing they are receiving treatment. (Spoiler alert: they can). References: Gerevich, J., Bácskai, E., Farkas, L., & Danics, Z. (2005). A case report: Pavlovian conditioning as a risk factor of heroin 'overdose' death. Harm reduction journal, 2, 11. doi:10.1186/1477-7517-2-11 Marchant, J. (2015, October 7). Placebo effect grows in U.S., thwarting development of pain killers. Scientific American. Retrieved from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ placebo-effect-grows-in-u-s-thwarting-development-of-painkillers/ Moseley, J. B. et al., (2002). A controlled trial of arthroscopic surgery for osteoarthritis of the knee. New England Journal of Medicine, 347(2), 81-88. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa013259 Jonas WB, Crawford C, Colloca L, et alTo what extent are surgery and invasive procedures effective beyond a placebo response? A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised, sham controlled trials BMJ Open 2015;5:e009655. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009655 Resnick, B. (2017, June 2). A radical new hypothesis in medicine: give patients drugs they know don't work. Retrieved September 4, 2019, from https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2017/6/1/15711814/ open-label-placebo-kaptchuk?_gl=1xm4qy6 Resnick, B. (2017, July 7). The weird power of the placebo effect, explained. Retrieved September 4, 2019, from https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/ 2017/7/7/15792188/placebo-effect-explained The power of the placebo effect. (2019, August 9). Retrieved September 5, 2019, from https://www.health.harvard.edu/mental-health/ the-power-of-the-placebo-effect Tuttle, A., et al., (2015). Increasing placebo responses over time in U.S. clinical trials of neuropathic pain2616. Pain, 156(12), 2616-2626. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000333

Washing machines can save a lot of time and help clean up mess, but they can also harm our health and environment. Which washing process is better for the environment - full an fast or empty and delicate? How do washing machines help fill our oceans with microplastics? What can be done to help stop washing machines contributing to the microplastics in our waterways? Which washing setting is best for your health? Cold and clean or warm and soapy? How did a normal washing machine cause havoc in a hospital? How can you multi-drug resistant pathogens spread through a washing machine? References: American Society for Microbiology. (2019, September 27). Your energy-efficient washing machine could be harboring pathogens: Lower temperatures used in 'energy saver' washing machines may not be killing all pathogens. ScienceDaily. Retrieved September 29, 2019 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/09/190927135202.htm Max R. Kelly, Neil J. Lant, Martyn Kurr, J. Grant Burgess. Importance of Water-Volume on the Release of Microplastic Fibers from Laundry. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019; DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03022

We unravel the massive fraud and deception behind the former billionaire’s rise to the top and eventual downfall. Is she a psychopath? Find out! References: ABC News (Producer). (n.d.). The dropout. Podcast retrieved from https://abcradio.com/podcasts/the-dropout/ Burke, C. (2019, March 19). Christian & Noel Holmes, Elizabeth Holmes' parents: 5 fast facts to know. Retrieved September 5, 2019, from https://heavy.com/news/2019/03/elizabeth-holme-parents-noel-christian/ Carreyrou, J. (2018). Bad blood: Secrets and lies in a Silicon Valley startup. Alfred A. Knopf. Dahl, M. (2011, November 2). The strange eating habits of Steve Jobs. Retrieved September 5, 2019, from https://www.nbcnews.com/healthmain/strange-eating-habits-steve-jobs-119434 Elizabeth Holmes. (n.d.). Retrieved September 5, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Holmes Gibney, A., Deeter, J., & Edeiken, E. (Producers). (2019, March 18). The inventor: Out for blood in Silicon Valley [Television program]. New York, NY: Home Box Office. Hoertel, N., Peyre, H., Lavaud, P., Blanco, C., Guerin-Langlois, C., René, M., … Limosin, F. (2018). Examining sex differences in DSM-IV-TR narcissistic personality disorder symptom expression using Item Response Theory (IRT). Psychiatry Research, 260, 500–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.031 Narcissism and eating disorders. (n.d.). Retrieved September 5, 2019, from https://www.montecatinieatingdisorder.com/anorexia/articles/narcissism-eating-disorders/

Are you afraid of the number 13? If so you are not alone! We take a look at the history of this long-standing superstition and detail how the phobia manifests in cultures all over the world. References: Chan, M. (2017, October 13). Why Friday the 13th is a real nightmare for some people. Time. Retrieved from https://time.com/4979595/friday-the-13th-triskaidekaphobia/ Conradt, S. (2017, October 13). 13 Reasons people think the number 13 is unlucky. Mental Floss. Retrieved from http://mentalfloss.com/article/23266/13-reasons-people-think-number-13-unlucky Friday the 13th superstitions:Triskaidekaphobia, fear of 13, fuels list of related fears [Blog post]. (2010, March 18). Retrieved from Huffington Post website: https://www.huffpost.com/entry/friday-the-13th-superstitn356737?guccounter=1 Fritscher, L. (2018, June 19). Triskaidekaphobia or fear of the number 13. Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://www.verywellmind.com/triskaidekaphobia-2671880 Predota, G. (2014, May 9). Friday the 13th-Arnold Schoenberg and triskaidekaphobia-. Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://www.interlude.hk/front/friday-the-13tharnold-schoenberg-and-triskaidekaphobia/ Triskaidekaphobia. (n.d.). Retrieved September 6, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triskaidekaphobia

We talk about the Golden Orchid society, make fun of flat-earthers, discuss sticker politics, and recommend a queer creator. Check out Jessica Kellgren-Fozard: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDdi0yUyGW1PKzYXaIACnuA   Website: https://www.makingqueerhistory.com Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/queerhistory About the Project: https://www.makingqueerhistory.com/about-the-project/ Article List: https://www.makingqueerhistory.com/article-list/ Write an Article: https://www.makingqueerhistory.com/write-an-article-1/ Art Contest: https://www.makingqueerhistory.com/art-contest-winners/ Speaking: https://www.makingqueerhistory.com/speaking/   [Disclaimer: some of the sources may contain triggering material] Cultural China. The Tradition of Female-Female Unions. Retrieved September 23 2016 fromhttp://traditions.cultural-china.com/en/214T11933T14609.html Women’s History. (2016, October 1.) The Pro-Woman Line. Retrieved September 23 2016 fromhttp://lesbianlife.about.com/od/herstory/a/Golden-Orchid-Society.htm Thorp, B and Bullock, P. (2012, February 5.) Lesbian Mothers of The Golden Orchid Society. Retrieved September 23 2016 from http://www.towleroad.com/2012/02/lesbian-mothers-of-the-golden-orchid-society/ Wikipedia. Transgender in China. Retrieved September 23 2016 fromhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender_in_China

On Christmas night in 1843, a horrific crime rattled Staten Island. Within days, suspicion attached itself to one woman. Decades before Lizzie Borden gained notoriety, this young woman was accused of a horrific crime and dubbed the "Witch of Staten Island." Have you ever heard of Polly Bodine? DOWNLOAD NOW Credit: For this episode, I had the pleasure of speaking with Patricia Salmon, a professor of history and author of the book Murder and Mayhem on Staten Island. She previously served as the history curator at the Staten Island Museum and on the Board of Directors of the Tottenville Historical Society and the Preservation League of Staten Island. I also spoke with Maxine Friedman, the chief curator at Historic Richmond Town – Staten Island’s historical society. Sources: Murder and Mayhem on Staten Island; Salmon, Patricia; The History Press; October 8, 2013. The Staten Island Mystery of 1843; Clemens; Will M.; The Era Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly; Volume 14; July 1904. The Witch of Staten Island; Undine; Strange Company; October 7, 2013. The Anti-Rent Era in New York Law and Politics, 1839-1865; McCurdy, Charles W.; The University of North Carolina Press; June 19, 2003. Staten Island’s Very Own Lizzie Borden; Matteo, Thomas; SILive.com; August 9, 2011. Edgar Allan Poe and the Witch of Staten Island; Boroughs of the Dead; Retrieved September 2018. City Lore: The Witch of Staten Island; Rasenberger, Jim; The New York Times; October 29, 2000. Poe’s Contributions to The Columbia Spy; Doings of Gotham; Poe, Edgar Allan; The Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore; Retrieved October 2018.

Before Chatty Cathy made us flinch, the Wizard of Menlo Park not only perfected the lightbulb, he also gave us a creepy humanoid with a nightmarish shrill. Have you ever heard of Thomas Edison’s talking dolls? DOWNLOAD NOW Credit: For this episode, I had the pleasure of speaking with Paul Israel, the director and general editor of the Thomas A. Edison Papers at Rutgers University and Patrick Feaster, a three-time Grammy nominee and specialist in the history, culture, and preservation of early sound media, including Edison’s recordings. Sources: Origins of Sound Recording: Edison's Path to the Phonograph; Feaster, Patrick; Thomas Edison National Historic Park; Retrieved September 2018. Edison Talking Doll Recordings, 1888-1890; National Park Service; Retrieved September 2018. Edison: A Life of Invention; Israel, Paul; John Wiley & Sons; February 11, 2000. Thomas Edison’s Greatest Inventions; Bellis, Mary; ThoughtCo.; September 24, 2018. Thomas Edison’s Creepiest Invention: The Talking Doll; Hartzman, Mark; Weird Historian; May 10, 2017. Listen to the creepy voices of Thomas Edison’s talking dolls; Starr, Michelle; C/NET; May 5, 2015. Hear Edison Talking Doll Sound Recordings; Thomas Edison National Historic Park; Retrieved September 2018.

In 1921, a white mob entered an affluent district known as Black Wall Street. They opened fire into crowds of innocent people, burned homes and businesses to the ground, and forced countless others to flee. For decades, the attack was hidden from textbooks and even oral histories. Have you ever heard of the Tulsa Race Massacre? DOWNLOAD NOW Credit: For this episode, I had the pleasure of speaking with Hannibal Johnson, an author, attorney, consultant, and college professor who writes and lectures about the history of the Greenwood District. His books include: Black Wall Street: From Riot to Renaissance in Tulsa's Historic Greenwood District and Tulsa’s Historic Greenwood District. I also spoke with Michelle Place, the Executive Director of the Tulsa Historical Society & Museum. She served on the Race Riot Commission, which was organized to review the details of the Tulsa Race Massacre. Sources: Images of America: Tulsa’s Historic Greenwood District; Johnson, Hannibal B.; Arcadia Publishing; January 27, 2014. Black Wall Street: From Riot to Renaissance in Tulsa's Historic Greenwood District; Johnson, Hannibal B.; Eakin Press; September 1, 1998. Death in a Promised Land: The Tulsa Race Riot of 1921; Ellsworth, Dr. Scott and Franklin, John Hope; Louisiana State University Press; January 1, 1992. Reconstructing the Dreamland: The Tulsa Riot of 1921; Brophy, Alfred; Oxford University Press; February 14, 2003. Riot and Remembrance: The Tulsa Race War and Its Legacy; Hirsch, James S.; Houghton Mifflin Harcourt; May 13, 2013. Tulsa Race Riot: A Report by the Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921; February 28, 2001. My Life and An Era: The Autobiography of Buck Colbert Franklin; Franklin, Buck Colbert; LSU Press; October 1, 1997. 1921 Tulsa Race Riot; Tulsa Historical Society and Museum; Retrieved August 2018. Tulsa Race Riot; Greenwood Cultural Center; Retrieved September 2018. The Tulsa Race Riot of 1921; Carlson, I. Marc; Retrieved September 2018. Tulsa Race Riot Overview; Oklahoma State University Library; Accessed September 2018. Tulsa Race Riot; Oklahoma Historical Society; Retrieved September 2018. Meet The Last Surviving Witness To The Tulsa Race Riot Of 1921; Gilles, Nellie; NPR; May 31, 2018. Hal Singer Short Doc; Sutherland Media; Vimeo; Accessed September 2018.

One of the newest drugs to hit the critical care environment is angiotensin II, which goes by the brand name Giapreza. It is a continuous IV infusion used for patients in septic shock or other forms of distributive shock. In this podcast episode Nurse Mo talks about the basics of this new medication, how it's administered (it's in nanograms!!!!) and what to watch out for (so many things!) Take a listen to learn more about Giapreza in septic shock. And, if you'd like to visit the manufacturer's website, it's right here! (https://www.giapreza.com/) Giapreza angiotensin II. (n.d.). Retrieved September 4, 2018, from https://www.giapreza.com/

Hey monster fans! I'm going to start releasing on Monday evenings I think, because my mornings are about to get a whole lot busier. Also sorry about the audio quality on this one, my mic was being dumb. Anyway, Please enjoy these deer!Lets Be SocialFacebook:www.facebook.com/monstersadvocate/Tumblr:monstersadvocate.tumblr.com/Twitter:@monstersadvoInstagram:@monstersadvocateEmail: monstersadvocatepodcast@gmail.comReferencesDeer Attack Video:https://www.snotr.com/video/5813/When_Deer_AttackGeneral Deer Factshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer#AnatomyWhite-tailed DeerVerCauteren, Kurt C. & Michael J. Pipas (2003). "A review of color vision in white-tailed deer". Wildlife Society Bulletin. 31 (3): 684–691. Retrieved September 20, 2013."ADW: Odocoileus virginianus: Information". Animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu. February 13, 2011.Deer WomanDunn, Carolyn. "Deer Woman and the Living Myth of Dreamtime". Endicott Journal of Mythic Arts. Retrieved 17 November 2016.http://www.native-languages.org/deer-woman.htmPamolaOfficial Website of the Penawahpskewi. (n.d.). Official Website of the Penawahpskewi. Retrieved October 17, 2014, from http://www.penobscotnation.org/US Hunting Statshttp://digitalmedia.fws.gov/cdm/ref/collection/document/id/207CWD and other Scary DiseasesBelay, E.D.; Maddox, R.A.; Williams, E.S.; Miller, M.W.; Gambetti, P.; Schonberger, L.B. (June 2004). "Chronic Wasting Disease and Potential Transmission to Humans". Emerging Infectious Diseases. CDC. 10 (6): 977–984. doi:10.3201/eid0905.020577. PMC 3323184Freely accessible. PMID 15207045. Retrieved 2008-04-08.Rachel Becker for Nature News. April 18, 2016 Deadly animal prion disease appears in Europe"Chronic Wasting Disease". USGS National Wildlife Health Center. 2013-05-21. Retrieved 2014-12-05.A Focus on Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy". Pathogens and Contaminants. Food Safety Research Information Office. November 2007. Archived from the original on 3 March 2008. Retrieved 7 April 2008http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs180/en/ See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Relacionamentos são dinâmicos... Podemos ter ex-amigos, ex-namoradas e até ex-esposas. Relacionamentos são laços que podem durar muito ou não. Mas, o que a Ciência fala a respeito? Algo que mexe muito com as pessoas é quando os relacionamentos acabam e bate aquela saudade. Festiger e colaboradores, em 1959, falaram sobre a Dissonância Cognitiva. Basicamente, este conceito é demonstrado quando terminamos um relacionamento, ficamos com aquela vontade de voltar, de reatar uma amizade, um casamento. Vários pensamentos positivos sobre o relacionamento findado invadem nossa cabeça. Pois, bem, se houve uma ruptura, houve também coisas ruins. Daí, esta incongruência, esta dissonância cognitiva. Para Gaher e colabores, o melhor é focar no que realmente aconteceu, e, não entrar neste conflito emocional interno. Outro ponto, cientificamente interessante, é a amizade, e, o continuísmo de contato. Inhoff, em 2011, mostrou que manter um contato perene com um Ex, por exemplo, pode causar uma perpetuação dos pensamentos positivos e uma forma inconsciente de um backup emotivo. Spielmann, em 2009, mostrou que psicologicamente falando, um indivíduo que se sente capaz de buscar novos relacionamentos, pode ter um diminuição da dissonância cognitiva, e, viver melhor. Então, a ciência está presente em tudo na nossa vida, basta a gente procurar. Basta a gente querer. Referências: Festinger, L., and Carlsmith, J. (1959, March). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58(2), 203–210. Retrieved September 9, 2008, doi:10.1037/h0041593 Geher, G., Bloodworth, R., Mason, J., Stoaks, C., Downey, H. J., Renstrom, K. L., & Romero, J. F. (2005). Motivational underpinnings of romantic partner perceptions: Psychological and physiological evidence. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22(2), 255–281. doi:10.1177/0265407505050953 Imhoff, R., & Banse, R. (2011). Implicit and explicit attitudes toward expartners differentially predict breakup adjustment. Personal Relationships, 18(3), 427–438. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2010.01308.x Spielmann, S. S., MacDonald, G., & Wilson, A. E. (2009). On the rebound: Focusing on someone new helps anxiously attached individuals let go of ex-partners.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35(10), 1382–1394. doi:10.1177/0146167209341580

Thanks to Audible for supporting this video. Get your free 30-day trial at https://www.audible.com/minuteearth Thanks also to our Patreon patrons: Today I Found Out, Maarten Bremer, Mark Roth, Jeff Straathof, Tony Fadell, Ahmed, Muhammad Shifaz, Vidhya Krishnaraj, Luka Leskovsek, Duhilio Patino, Alberto Bortoni, Valentin, Nicholas Buckendorf, and Antoine Coeur ___________________________________________ Want to learn more about the topic in this week’s video? Here are some keywords/phrases to get your googling started: – Mass Extinction Event: a significant, global decrease in the diversity of life – "Big 5": The five biggest mass extinction events since the Cambrian explosion of Life 550 million years ago – Biodiversity Crisis: Like a mass extinction, a biodiversity crisis is a marked depletion in diversity in the fossil record. Some scientists prefer to call the late-Devonian extinction a "biodiversity crisis" because a lack of speciation contributed to the loss in diversity just as much as extinction did. – Diversity curve: A line chart that shows the diversity of life (usually by genera, but sometimes by species or family) over time – Lagerstatte: a deposit of sedimentary rock that contains a profound number of fossils, often with excellent preservation – Shareholder Quorum Subsampling: A statistical method that corrects for some of the biases in the fossil record, allowing scientists to generate more accurate diversity curves ___________________________________________ Credits: Script Writer: Emily Elert (twitter:@eelert) Script Editor: Kate Yoshida (twitter:@KateYoshida) Video Illustrator: Ever Salazar (twitter:@eversalazar) Video Director: Emily Elert (twitter:@eelert) With Contributions From: Henry Reich (twitter:@minutephysics), Alex Reich (twitter:@alexhreich), Peter Reich Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder _________________________________________ Like our videos? Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: http://goo.gl/EpIDGd And for exclusive early access to all our videos, sign up with Vessel: https://goo.gl/hgD1iJ Already subscribed? Help us keep making MinuteEarth by supporting us on Patreon: https://goo.gl/ZVgLQZ Also, say hello on: Facebook: http://goo.gl/FpAvo6 Twitter: http://goo.gl/Y1aWVC And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n ________________________ References: Alroy, J. (2015). Personal Communication. Alroy, J. (2008). Dynamics of origination and extinction in the marine fossil record. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 11536-11542. Retrieved April 8, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/artic... Alroy, J. (n.d.). Accurate and precise estimates of origination and extinction rates. Paleobiology, 40(3), 374-397. Retrieved September 20, 2015, from https://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~alroy/pdf... Benton, M. (2003). When life nearly died: The greatest mass extinction of all time. New York: Thames & Hudson. Barrett, Paul M. (2015). Personal Communication. Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database. http://fossilworks.org/?page=paleodb Lloyd, GT, Smith, AB and Young, JR, (2011). Quantifying the deep-sea rock and fossil record bias using coccolithophores. Geological Society Special Publication, 358 (1), 167-177. Mcghee, G., Clapham, M., Sheehan, P., Bottjer, D., & Droser, M. (2013). A new ecological-severity ranking of major Phanerozoic biodiversity crises. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 370, 260-270. Raup, D. (1979). Biases in the fossil record of species and genera. Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History 13: 85–91. Raup, D., & Sepkoski, J. (1982). Mass Extinctions in the Marine Fossil Record. Science, 215(4539), 1501-1503. Vermeij, GJ. (2015). Personal Communication.