Podcasts about retrieved march

ABSTRACT Global Citizens’ idiosyncratic intellect of power often has greater influence on behaviour than the amount of power one actually possesses. Presumably power may be determined in part by global citizens’ style of information processing. Especially since the power of black and white and colour is culture because they are of philosophical interest which are predicated on the theory every Action there is always an equal Reaction. For example Shortly after photography’s monochromatic inception in the early 1800s, enthusiasts began experimenting with color photography. Although the response is verbalized yet it is also ventilated through the theoretical abstract Colour.It should be noted that there is a view that Colour can cultivate thoughtful philosophical issues, concerning the nature both of natural reality and of the mind is the power of black and white and colour a footprint in cultureWilliam Anderson GittensAuthor, Dip., Com., Arts. B.A. Media Arts Specialists’ License Cultural Practitioner, Publisher, CEO Devgro Media Arts ServicesISBN978-1-64871-328-6"Now You See It and Other Essays on Design." Princeton Architectural Press. New York. November 7,1996.https://photography-on-the.net/forum/showthread.php?t=1072106http://neiloseman.com/understanding-colour-temperature/Ball,2004.Foss,2009 • Category: Casey's Cornerhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10508406.1991.9671973Chigbu,2013). "Visual Rhetoric: An Introduction for Students of Visual Communication". AIGA - Colorada. Retrieved March 31,2014). "Attraction and Persuasion in Advertising - A Beginner's Guide to Visual Rhetoric". LinkedIn. Archived from the original on 2016-12-30.Hill,2017.https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/all-the-world-s-a-stage/https://www.lightsfilmschool.com/https://theconversation.com/explainer-mise-en-scene-27281https://www.howstuffworks.com/about-author.htm#chandlerhttps://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-are-the-differences-between-heritage-culture-and-tradition.htmlGittens,2018). "The Average Film Director Salary Per Movie". Career Trend. Leaf Group. Retrieved February 28,2019.Pascal Kamina (2002). Film Copyright in the European Union. Cambridge University Press. p. 153. ISBN 978-1-139-43338-9.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_directorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradoxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clich%C3%A9#cite_note-2Short Story Library Thick skin and writing,2019.https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/businessreview/2018/05/14/what-power-does-to-you-the-psychological-consequences-of-power/https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-sociology/chapter/culture-and-adaptation/https://www.etymonline.com/word/culturehttps://www.livescience.com/21478-what-is-culture-definition-of-culture.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_and_whiteRobertson,Arts. B.A. Media Arts Specialists’ License Cultural Practitioner,Arts. B.A. Media Arts Specialists’ License Cultural Practitioner,Author,Barbara (December 27,Barthes (1977). Image,Billboard Books,Bruce. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press. 1990. pp. 22. ISBN 9780312003487. OCLC 21325600.Roland.,CEOhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_rhetorichttps://plato.stanford.edu/entries/color/https://towardsdatascience.com/to-every-action-theres-not-always-an-opposed-equalhttp://www.photographyvox.com/a/color-vs-black-and-white-photography/http://www2.vobs.at/ball-online/Topics/COLOURS/Project_colours.htmhttps://twp.duke.edu/sites/twp.duke.edu/files/file-attachments/photography.original.pdfGittens.William Anderson,CEO Devgro Media Arts Services ISBN978-1-64570-044-9htSupport the show (http://www.buzzsprout.com/429292)

Sign up for your FREE trial to The Great Courses Plus here: http://ow.ly/2UGB30qCbvs. Because of the way genetic reprogramming works, it’s hard to make one clone based on an adult cell, and it’s almost impossible to make a second-generation one. Thanks also to our Patreon patrons https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth and our YouTube members. ___________________________________________ To learn more, start your googling with these keywords: Cell: The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism. Clone: An organism produced asexually from one ancestor, to which they are genetically identical. DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main component of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. Embryo: An unborn or unhatched offspring early in the process of development. Enzyme: A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. Gene: A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring. These are encoded within DNA and help determine traits. Genetic Reprogramming: This refers to erasing and remodeling epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation during mammalian development. Zygote: A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes ___________________________________________ Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: http://goo.gl/EpIDGd Support us on Patreon: https://goo.gl/ZVgLQZ And visit our website: https://www.minuteearth.com/ Say hello on Facebook: http://goo.gl/FpAvo6 And Twitter: http://goo.gl/Y1aWVC And download our videos on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n ___________________________________________ Credits (and Twitter handles): Script Writer: Cameron Duke (@dukeofcam) Video Director, Narrator, and Script Editor: David Goldenberg (@dgoldenberg) Video Illustrator: Arcadi Garcia Rius (@garirius) With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Alex Reich, Kate Yoshida, Ever Salazar, Peter Reich, Julián Gómez, Sarah Berman Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder ___________________________________________ References: Chan, M. M., Smith, Z. D., Egli, D., Regev, A., & Meissner, A. (2012). Mouse ooplasm confers context-specific reprogramming capacity. Nature Genetics, 44(9), 978–980. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2382 Dean, W., Santos, F., & Reik, W. (2003). Epigenetic reprogramming in early mammalian development and following somatic nuclear transfer. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 14(1), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1084-9521(02)00141-6 Evans, M. J., Gurer, C., Loike, J. D., Wilmut, I., Schnieke, A. E., & Schon, E. A. (1999). Mitochondrial DNA genotypes in nuclear transfer-derived cloned sheep. Nature Genetics, 23(1), 90–93. https://doi.org/10.1038/12696 Gao, R., Wang, C., Gao, Y., et al. (2018). Inhibition of Aberrant DNA Re-methylation Improves Post-implantation Development of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryos. Cell Stem Cell, 23(3), 426–435.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2018.07.017 Histone Deacetylase - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. (n.d.). Www.Sciencedirect.Com. Retrieved March 2, 2020, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/histone-deacetylase Hochedlinger, K., & Plath, K. (2009). Epigenetic reprogramming and induced pluripotency. Development, 136(4), 509–523. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.020867 Hochedlinger, K., Rideout, W. M., Kyba, M., Daley, G. Q., Blelloch, R., & Jaenisch, R. (2004). Nuclear transplantation, embryonic stem cells and the potential for cell therapy. The Hematology Journal, 5, S114–S117. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.thj.6200435 Lister, R., Pelizzola, M., Kida, Y. S., et al. (2011). Hotspots of aberrant epigenomic reprogramming in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature, 471(7336), 68–73. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09798 Morgan, H. D., Santos, F., Green, K., Dean, W., & Reik, W. (2005). Epigenetic reprogramming in mammals. Human Molecular Genetics, 14(suppl_1), R47–R58. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi114 Reik, W. (2001). Epigenetic Reprogramming in Mammalian Development. Science, 293(5532), 1089–1093. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1063443 Srivastava, D., & DeWitt, N. (2016). In Vivo Cellular Reprogramming: The Next Generation. Cell, 166(6), 1386–1396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.055 Wakayama, S., Kohda, T., Obokata, H., et al. (2013). Successful Serial Recloning in the Mouse over Multiple Generations. Cell Stem Cell, 12(3), 293–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2013.01.005 Wakayama, T., Shinkai, Y., Tamashiro, K. L. K., et al. (2000). Cloning of mice to six generations. Nature, 407(6802), 318–319. https://doi.org/10.1038/35030301 Yamanaka, S. (2012). Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Past, Present, and Future. Cell Stem Cell, 10(6), 678–684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.005

Learn about why you eat differently when you’re stressed; how humpback whales use “bubble nets” to catch fish; and the surprising genetic reason why females outlive males. Why do we eat differently when stressed? by Steffie Drucker How to Manage Stress Eating (or Not Eating). (2020, March 25). The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/25/well/how-to-manage-stress-eating-or-not-eating.html  Harvard Health Publishing. (2018, July 18). Why stress causes people to overeat. Harvard Health; Harvard Health. https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/why-stress-causes-people-to-overeat  Adam, T. C., & Epel, E. S. (2007). Stress, eating and the reward system. Physiology & Behavior, 91(4), 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.04.011  Rutledge, T., & Linden, W. (1998). Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 21(3), 221–240. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1018784015771  Exercise and stress: Get moving to manage stress. (2018). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/exercise-and-stress/art-20044469  Humpback whales use 'bubble nets' to catch fish by Cameron Duke How humpback whales catch prey with bubble nets. (n.d.). ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 26, 2020, from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110624083516.htm Humpback whales use their flippers and bubble “nets” to catch fish. (2019, October 15). Science News. https://www.sciencenews.org/article/humpback-whales-bubble-nets Kosma, M. M., Werth, A. J., Szabo, A. R., & Straley, J. M. (2019). Pectoral herding: an innovative tactic for humpback whale foraging. Royal Society Open Science, 6(10), 191104. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191104 Trifonovitch, K. (n.d.). Whale bubble-net feeding documented by UH researchers through groundbreaking video | University of Hawaiʻi System News. Retrieved March 26, 2020, from https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2019/10/13/whale-bubble-net-feeding-video/ The surprising genetic reason females outlive males by Cameron Duke Inherited Colour Vision Deficiency - Colour Blind Awareness. (2019). Colour Blind Awareness. http://www.colourblindawareness.org/colour-blindness/inherited-colour-vision-deficiency/  Why do men — and other male animals — tend to die younger? It’s all in the Y chromosome. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-03/uons-wdm030320.php  Xirocostas, Z. A., Everingham, S. E., & Moles, A. T. (2020). The sex with the reduced sex chromosome dies earlier: a comparison across the tree of life. Biology Letters, 16(3), 20190867. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0867 Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY

Learn about when you’re most likely to feel hangry (and how to avoid it); what scientists can learn from watching the human brain jiggle; and how resonant frequencies helped a fitness class shake an entire skyscraper — with help from stand-up mathematician Matt Parker. Scientists Determined When Hanger Is Most Likely to Strike by Annie Hartman https://curiosity.com/topics/scientists-determined-when-hanger-is-most-likely-to-strike-curiosity What can scientists learn from watching the human brain jiggle? by Cameron Duke Diameter of a Human Hair - The Physics Factbook. (n.d.). Hypertextbook.com. Retrieved March 26, 2020, from https://hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/BrianLey.shtml hippocampus | Definition, Location, Function, & Facts | Britannica. (2019). In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/hippocampus Mosher, C. P., Wei, Y., Kamiński, J., Nandi, A., Mamelak, A. N., Anastassiou, C. A., & Rutishauser, U. (2020). Cellular Classes in the Human Brain Revealed In Vivo by Heartbeat-Related Modulation of the Extracellular Action Potential Waveform. Cell Reports, 30(10), 3536–3551.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.027 Scientists categorize neurons by the way the brain jiggles during a heartbeat. (n.d.). Medicalxpress.com. Retrieved March 26, 2020, from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-scientists-categorize-neurons-brain-jiggles.html Additional resources from Matt Parker: Pick up “Humble Pi: When Math Goes Wrong in the Real World” on Amazon https://amzn.to/3c3xwi9  Matt Parker’s official website http://standupmaths.com/ Subscribe to Matt Parker’s YouTube channel https://www.youtube.com/user/standupmaths Follow @standupmaths on Twitter https://twitter.com/standupmaths Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://curiosity.im/podcast-flash-briefing

Learn about how to cope with “anticipatory grief” you’re probably feeling during the coronavirus pandemic; the controversy around Oculudentavis khaungraae, which may be the smallest dinosaur ever discovered; and how researchers discovered that music and speech are encoded in separate brain hemispheres. When you mourn something before you've lost it, that's anticipatory grief by Kelsey Donk That Discomfort You’re Feeling Is Grief. (2020, March 23). Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2020/03/that-discomfort-youre-feeling-is-grief  Types of Grief and Loss - NHPCO. (2019). NHPCO. https://www.nhpco.org/patients-and-caregivers/grief-and-loss/the-grief-experience/types-of-grief-and-loss/  Eldridge, L. (2013, January 14). How Anticipatory Grief Differs From Grief After Death. Verywell Health; Verywell Health. https://www.verywellhealth.com/understanding-anticipatory-grief-and-symptoms-2248855  Scientists claim to have discovered the smallest known dinosaur of the Mesosoic by Cameron Duke March 2020, L. G.-A. E. 11. (n.d.). Trapped in amber, this could be the smallest dinosaur ever found. Livescience.Com. Retrieved March 27, 2020, from https://www.livescience.com/smallest-dinosaur-of-mesozoic.html  Xing, L., O’Connor, J. K., Schmitz, L., Chiappe, L. M., McKellar, R. C., Yi, Q., & Li, G. (2020).  Hummingbird-sized dinosaur from the Cretaceous period of Myanmar. Nature, 579(7798), 245–249. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2068-4  Wang, W.; Zhiheng, L.; Hu, Y.; Wang, M.; Hongyu, Y.; Lu, J. (2020). "The "smallest dinosaur in history" in amber may be the largest mix-up in history" (in Chinese). Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology. http://ivpp.cas.cn/kxcb/kpdt/202003/t20200313_5514594.html Smallest-ever fossil dinosaur found trapped in amber. (2020, March 11). Nationalgeographic.com. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/03/smallest-ever-fossil-dinosaur-found-trapped-in-amber/  Scientists found how music and speech are encoded in separate brain hemispheres by Andrea Michelson Using a cappella to explain speech and music specialization. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-02/mu-ua022420.php  Spectro Temporal Modulations Experiment. (2020). Mcgill.Ca. https://www.zlab.mcgill.ca/spectro_temporal_modulations/  Albouy, P., Benjamin, L., Morillon, B., & Zatorre, R. J. (2020). Distinct sensitivity to spectrotemporal modulation supports brain asymmetry for speech and melody. Science, 367(6481), 1043–1047. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz3468  Shmerling, R. H. (2017, August 25). Right brain/left brain, right? - Harvard Health Blog. Harvard Health Blog. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/right-brainleft-brain-right-2017082512222  Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://curiosity.im/podcast-flash-briefing

What do you give an injured lemon? LEMON-AID! Today’s podcast is all about saving the citrus, protecting the OJ, rescuing the grapefruits and pomelos: we are talking about citrus greening disease! Learn all about this insect vector sucking up tree phloem like a goshdarn juice box and how it spits out dangerous bacteria. Hear Lindsay discuss why we need citrus in our diet and why you’ve seen so many non-Navel orange fruits in your local supermarket. Get comfy. Pour a glass of orange juice or lemonade. This is Infested. Links to our Social Media Follow us on Instagram and Twitter @Infestedpodcast Follow Lindsay on Twitter @Baxter.Lindsay Email us at Infestedpodcast@gmail.com This Podcast is produced and edited by Lindsay and Bailey. Their views and opinions are theirs and do not reflect the institution for which they are employed   Literature Cited  (Asian citrus psyllid - Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) . 2020. Asian citrus psyllid - Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. (http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/citrus/acpsyllid.htm).   Grafton-Cardwell, E. E., and V. F. Lazaneo. 2010. Asian Citrus Psyllid: Integrated Pest Management for Home Gardeners and Landscape Professionals.   Yang, Y., M. Huang, G. A. C. Beattie, Y. Xia, G. Ouyang, and J. Xiong. 2006. Distribution, biology, ecology and control of the psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, a major pest of citrus: A status report for China. International Journal of Pest Management. 52: 343–352.   Citrus Greening Disease    Canales, E., Y. Coll, I. Hernández, R. Portieles, M. R. García, Y. López, M. Aranguren, E. Alonso, R. Delgado, M. Luis, L. Batista, C. Paredes, M. Rodríguez, M. Pujol, M. E. Ochagavia, V. Falcón, R. Terauchi, H. Matsumura, C. Ayra-Pardo, R. Llauger, M. del C. Pérez, M. Núñez, M. S. Borrusch, J. D. Walton, Y. Silva, E. Pimentel, C. Borroto, and O. Borrás-Hidalgo. 2016. ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, Causal Agent of Citrus Huanglongbing, Is Reduced by Treatment with Brassinosteroids. PLOS ONE. 11: e0146223.   (Citrus greening is killing the world’s orange trees. Scientists are racing to help) Chemical & Engineering News. 2020. Citrus greening is killing the world’s orange trees. Scientists are racing to help. (https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/biochemistry/Citrus-greening-killing-worlds-orange/97/i23).   Dala-Paula, B. M., A. Plotto, J. Bai, J. A. Manthey, E. A. Baldwin, R. S. Ferrarezi, and M. B. A. Gloria. 2019. Effect of Huanglongbing or Greening Disease on Orange Juice Quality, a Review. Front. Plant Sci. 9.   Ghanim, M., D. Achor, S. Ghosh, S. Kontsedalov, G. Lebedev, and A. Levy. 2017. ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ Accumulates inside Endoplasmic Reticulum Associated Vacuoles in the Gut Cells of Diaphorina citri. Sci Rep. 7: 16945. Hansen, A. K., J. T. Trumble, R. Stouthamer, and T. D. Paine. 2008. A New Huanglongbing Species, “Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous,” Found To Infect Tomato and Potato, Is Vectored by the Psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74: 5862–5865.   (ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLIDS (STERNORRHYNCHA: PSYLLIDAE) AND GREENING DISEASE OF CITRUS: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT OF RISK IN FLORIDA) . 2020. ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLIDS (STERNORRHYNCHA: PSYLLIDAE) AND GREENING DISEASE OF CITRUS: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT OF RISK IN FLORIDA. (https://bioone.org/journals/florida-entomologist/volume-87/issue-3/0015-4040(2004)087%5B0330%3AACPSPA%5D2.0.CO%3B2/ASIAN-CITRUS-PSYLLIDS-STERNORRHYNCHA--PSYLLIDAE-AND-GREENING-DISEASE-OF/10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0330:ACPSPA]2.0.CO;2.full).   ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLIDS (STERNORRHYNCHA: PSYLLIDAE) AND GREENING DISEASE OF CITRUS: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT OF RISK IN FLORIDA. (n.d.). Retrieved March 15, 2020, from https://bioone-org.proxy.library.cornell.edu/journals/Florida-Entomologist/volume-87/issue-3/0015-4040(2004)087[0330:ACPSPA]2.0.CO;2/ASIAN-CITRUS-PSYLLIDS-STERNORRHYNCHA--PSYLLIDAE-AND-GREENING-DISEASE-OF/10.1653/0015-4040(2004)087[0330:ACPSPA]2.0.CO;2.full   Batool, A., Iftikhar, Y., Mughal S, M., Khan M, M., Jaskani M, J., Abbas, M., & Khan I, A. (2008). Citrus Greening Disease – A major cause of citrus decline in the world: A Review. Horticultural Science, 34(No. 4), 159–166. https://doi.org/10.17221/1897-HORTSCI Singerman, A., & Rogers, M. E. (2020). The Economic Challenges of Dealing with Citrus Greening: The Case of Florida. Journal of Integrated Pest Management, 11(1), pmz037. https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmz037

We explore the industry of reborn dolls and how they can be used for mental health. We'll also look into why people are so divisive over whether they are creepy or cute. References: Caballar, R. D. (2019, November 6). What is the uncanny valley? Retrieved March 29, 2020, from https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/humanoids/what-is-the-uncanny-valley Cote, J. B. (2016, September 29). How 'reborn dolls' really can help us cope with miscarriage & infant loss. Retrieved March 29, 2020, from https://thestir.cafemom.com/pregnancy/200832/howreborndollsreallycan Croxton, K. (2018, May 20). For those in need, therapy dolls provide a sense of control. The Times News.com. Retrieved from https://www.thetimesnews.com/entertainmentlife/20180520/for-those-in-need-therapy-dolls-provide-sense-of-control Dunne, C. (2015, January 12). Meet the women who treat their "reborn" dolls like real children. Retrieved March 29, 2020, from https://www.fastcompany.com/3040525/meet-the-women-who-treat-their-reborn-dolls-like-real-children Grabianowski, E. (n.d.). How the uncanny valley works. Retrieved March 29, 2020, from https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/unexplained-phenomena/uncanny-valley.htm#pt3 Hillin, T. (2016, August 3). Inside the world of grown women who play with eerily lifelike 'reborn dolls'. Retrieved March 29, 2020, from https://splinternews.com/inside-the-world-of-grown-women-who-play-with-eerily-li-1793860842 Hitt, T. (2017, March 9). Across the uncanny valley: Boston's reborn babies. The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved from https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2017/3/9/uncanny-valley-reborn-babies/ Lay, S. (2015, November 13). Uncanny valley: why we find human-like robots and dolls so creepy. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/nov/13/robots-human-uncanny-valley The neurology of the uncanny valley. (2018, January 13). Cosmos. Retrieved from https://cosmosmagazine.com/technology/the-neurology-of-the-uncanny-valley Nield, D. (2019, July 7). Here's what happens in your brain when you're creeped out by certain robots. Retrieved March 29, 2020, from https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-may-have-found-which-spot-in-the-brain-triggers-the-uncanny-valley-effect Saltz, G. (2008, October 1). Fake babies ease women's anxiety, sadness. Retrieved March 29, 2020, from https://www.today.com/health/fake-babies-ease-womens-anxiety-sadness-wbna26974105 Uncanny valley. (n.d.). Retrieved March 29, 2020, from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncanny_valley Zander, M. (2016, June 28). Reborn pregnancies are a real thing, and they're kind of heartbreaking. Retrieved March 29, 2020, from https://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/1123485/reborn-pregnancies/

We explore the real story of Anneliese Michel that inspired the 2005 movie. We'll look at the possibility of possesion as well as other answers for what could have happened to her. References: References Clancy, M. J., Clarke, M. C., Connor, D. J., Cannon, M., & Cotter, D. R. (2014). The prevalence of psychosis in epilepsy; a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 14(75). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3995617/#_ffnsectitle Devinsky, O., & Lai, G. (2008). Spirituality and religion in Epilepsy. Epilepsy and Behavior, 12(4), 636-643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2007.11.011 The epilepsies and seizures: Hope through research. (n.d.). Retrieved February 28, 2020, from National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke website: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Hope-Through-Research/Epilepsies-and-Seizures-Hope-Through Epilepsy and sleep. (n.d.). Retrieved February 28, 2020, from https://www.sleepfoundation.org/articles/epilepsy-and-sleep The exorcism of Anneliese Michel [Blog post]. (2014, April 30). Retrieved from https://certainlycomment.wordpress.com/2014/04/30/the-exorcism-of-anneliese-michel-modern-and-alternative-explanations/ How do you get hallucinations from epilepsy? [Online forum post]. (2019, July 13). Retrieved from Web MD website: https://www.webmd.com/brain/qa/how-do-you-get-hallucinations-from-epilepsy Karter, J. (2016, August 24). Epilepsy drugs can induce psychosis in some patients, study finds. Retrieved February 23, 2020, from https://www.madinamerica.com/2016/08/epilepsy-drugs-can-induce-psychosis-in-some-patients-study-finds/ Layton, J. (2005, September 8). How exorcism works. Retrieved March 29, 2020, from https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/afterlife/exorcism3.htm Osborne, S. (2017, August 23). Haunting photos show 'possessed' girl who died after being exorcised. Retrieved February 28, 2020, from https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/845147/Anneliese-Michel-exorcism-photos-possessed-german-girl-died-exorcism-emily-rose Paoletti, G. (2017, October 12). Anneliese Michel and the shocking images from the exorcism of the real Emily Rose. Phantom smells may be a sign of trouble. (2018, July 10). Retrieved February 28, 2020, from https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/phantom-smells-may-be-sign-trouble-n890271 Real Anneliese Michel 6 demons [Video file]. (2013, July 15). Retrieved from https://youtu.be/-4xiT67GrbY Semedo, D. (2016, August 12). Anti-seizure therapies for Epilepsy patients may induce psychotic disorders, study finds. Retrieved February 23, 2020, from https://epilepsynewstoday.com/2016/08/12/psychotic-disorders-drugs-designed-combat-effects-epilepsy/ The tragic story behind the exorcism of Emily Rose [Blog post]. (2015, June 27). Retrieved from Sword and Scale website: https://www.swordandscale.com/the-tragic-story-behind-the-exorcism-of-emily-rose/ Vega, J. (2020, February 7). When paralysis occurs after a seizure. Retrieved February 23, 2020, from https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-postictal-paralysis-3146162

In this episode, I explore the C-word, but not the one that's all over the news lately (though I will touch on it a little bit). This episode focuses on the CENSUS! Yes, the U.S. Census, which is given every 10 years, should be in your mailbox. It looks at household information like age, sex, home information, race, and ethnicity. And, you guessed it, I'm going to talk about how the "Asian" category is "defined" on the Census, which is under the Office of Management and Budget (the OMB). Let's just say that I was pretty surprised that, on the Census, individuals from the Middle East are considered White. I'm going to get pretty heavy on some history here, so listen up to find out why and hear other nuggets too! If you'd like to dive in more, check out the references below!Let me know what you think! You can email me at nisha@nishaland.com.Also, I'd appreciate any support you can give, even if it's a one-time donation! Please visit www.patreon.com/migrasiansReferencesU.S. Census Website References:About Race. The United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 25, 2020, from https://www.census.gov/topics/population/race/about.htmQuestions Asked on the Form. 2020Census.Gov. Retrieved March 25, 2020, from https://2020census.gov/en/about-questions.htmlResearch to Improve Data on Race and Ethnicity. The United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 25, 2020, from https://www.census.gov/about/our-research/race-ethnicity.htmlRevisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity. (n.d.). The White House. Retrieved March 25, 2020, from https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/15626Scholarly Books and ArticlesKayyali, R. (2013). US Census Classifications and Arab Americans: Contestations and Definitions of Identity Markers. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 39(8), 1299–1318. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2013.778150Nobles, M. (2000). Shades of citizenship: Race and the census in modern politics. Stanford University Press.Prewitt, K. (2016). What Is Your Race?: The Census and Our Flawed Efforts to Classify Americans.Strmic-Pawl, H. V., Jackson, B. A., & Garner, S. (2018). Race Counts: Racial and Ethnic Data on the U.S. Census and the Implications for Tracking Inequality. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 4(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332649217742869Takaki, R. (1998). Strangers from a different shore: A history of Asian Americans. Little, Brown.About NishaFollow me on Instagram and Twitter! Check out my writing and coaching services on my website, and be sure to sign up for my newsletter!MusicShin Kawasaki: Find Another WayCover ArtTiffany Wong ArtSupport the show (http://www.patreon.com/migrasians)

این اپیزود برای شنونده های بزرگسال ساخته شده و برای رده ی سنی 18 به بالا مناسبه. . در این‌اپیزود از آجیل شبنم ‌ویاسی از بی جنسگراها و انواع روابط عاطفی میگن و‌اینکه‌ چطور در جوامع مختلف، فرهنگ بایدها و‌ نباید ها رو تعریف میکنه. منابع اصلی: 5 Asexual People Explain What “Asexual” Means To Them. Retrieved March 24, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lMhix4nr_0g&feature=youtu.be 7 Things Asexual People Want You To Know. Retrieved March 24, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i14YMpKS_CY&feature=youtu.be Retrieved March 24, 2020, from https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-asexual#no-sexual-attraction Unconventional Sex & Love Relationships: Increasing Numbers? Psychology Today. Retrieved March 24, 2020, from http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-new-resilience/201410/unconventional-sex-love-relationships-increasing-numbers ’We’re in love but never have sex’—BBC News. Retrieved March 24, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uYlJfsxp6wY What Does It Mean to Be Asexual? (n.d.). Healthline. Retrieved March 24, 2020, from https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-asexual ايران, ع. (۱۳۹۷/۰۵/۲۳ - ۱۳:۴۳). آماری از ازدواج سفید در ایران: عمر ازدواج سفید در ایران بین یک تا سه سال است/ اکثر افرادی که ازدواج سفید کردند ۲۵ تا ۳۰ سال داشتند و دارای تحصیلات کاردانی و کارشناسی بودند . https://www.asriran.com/fa/news/626683

On this episode of Caeser Sessions, we talk about what a podcast is, production that takes place as well as the different types of podcasts............Definition of podcast in English". OxfordDictionaries.com. Retrieved March 18, 2020  "Definition of enhanced podcast". PCMAG. Retrieved March 18, 2020   "What is a Video Podcast?". wiseGEEK. Retrieved March 18, 2020

. این اپیزود یه آجیل عیدیه، شبنم و یاسی از خاطراتشون میگن در این دوران قرنطینه از آهنگهای نوستالژی که خاطرات عید باهاشون همراهه و رسمهای کشورهای متفاوت در روز سال نو بهترینها رو در امسال براتون آرزومندیم. آهنگها ومنابع: 7 Strangest New Year Traditions Around The World | realbuzz.com. Retrieved March 19, 2020, from https://www.realbuzz.com/articles-interests/festive-health-fitness/article/7-strangest-new-year-traditions-around-the-world/ ‎Bayram—Single by Ajam. Retrieved March 19, 2020, from https://music.apple.com/us/album/bayram-single/1134513836 Bijan Mortazavi & Andy—Eide Shoma Mobarak | عیده شما مبارک. from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ov55rS1dM7A Gole Golkhooneh. from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4Re_FEetmw Martik—Bahar | مارتیک—بهار. from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8LFdUKZ1HDs New Year—Wikipedia. Retrieved March 19, 2020, from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year Pouran—Gol Umad Bahar Umad | پوران—گل اومد بهار اومد. , from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EpOVXHavOYw Rastak—Nowruz. from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJt-HAubQCk Ronak, from https://open.spotify.com/track/6igHNDgj2RmbCOmfpoxNuD

I've been getting an overwhelming amount of questions about COVID-19 and probiotics, IBD, IBS, and immunity. I wanted to take some time to answer these in a simple way for our listeners. The information was recorded March 19th and therefore, statistics and recommendations may change - always check with your doctor. We cover: What is COVID-19? Why is COVID-19 a concern? Who is most at risk? GI Symptoms and COVID-19 - should I be concerned? "I have IBD and am worried about getting COVID - what do I need to know?" Your gut and your immune system How nutrition plays a role in your immune system Probiotics & COVID-19 How to take care of your health during this challenging time Citations Gao, Q. Y., Chen, Y. X., & Fang, J. Y. (2020). 2019 novel coronavirus infection and gastrointestinal tract. Journal of Digestive Diseases. Mao, R., Liang, J., Shen, J., Ghosh, S., Zhu, L. R., Yang, H., ... & Chen, M. H. (2020). Implications of COVID-19 for patients with pre-existing digestive diseases. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. Gu, J., Han, B., & Wang, J. (2020). COVID-19: Gastrointestinal manifestations and potential fecal-oral transmission. Gastroenterology. Xiao, F., Tang, M., Zheng, X., Li, C., He, J., Hong, Z., ... & Lai, R. (2020). Evidence for gastrointestinal infection of SARS-CoV-2. medRxiv. Resources for IBD Healthcare Professionals: 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). (2020, March 17). Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/coronavirus/professional-resources Mizumoto K, Chowell G. Estimating risk for death from 2019 novel coronavirus disease, China, January–February 2020. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 Jun [Retreived March 18, 2020]. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2606.200233

افراد باهوش موفق ترن یا کسایی که روابط اجتماعی قوی دارن؟ اونایی که رتبه ی بالا میارن توی کنکور آینده بهتری دارن؟ توی این اپیزود از آجیل شبنم‌ و‌یاسی نگاهی میکنن به کتاب هوش احساسی از دانیل گلمن که بهمون میگه چطور میتونیم موفق باشیم مستقل از ضریب هوشی که داریم. منابع: About Daniel Goleman. Daniel Goleman. Retrieved March 17, 2020, from http://www.danielgoleman.info/biography/ Council, Y. E. (2018, September 21). 10 Ways to Increase Your Emotional Intelligence. Inc.Com. https://www.inc.com/young-entrepreneur-council/10-ways-to-increase-your-emotional-intelligence.html Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ by Daniel Goleman – Books on Google Play. Retrieved March 17, 2020, from https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=OgXxhmGiRB0C&gl=ca&hl=en-CA&source=productsearch&utm_source=HA_Desktop_US&utm_medium=SEM&utm_campaign=PLA&pcampaignid=MKTAD0930BO1&gclid=Cj0KCQjw6sHzBRCbARIsAF8FMpUUxXSoaT9wcR_yLbuxwQ4omCMsEdom37LnaFEcVn6jk6-hTy6fvAsaAqa5EALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds Weghoeft, M. (2018, May 17). Four Major Difference Between Men and Women in the Job Search. Zocket. https://zocket.me/blog/gender-differences-in-job-search/ What is Emotional Intelligence? Retrieved March 17, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LgUCyWhJf6s (تست هوش‌احساسی( انگلیسی https://globalleadershipfoundation.com/geit/eitest.html

Yoko Ono's name has become synonymous with the downfall of the Beatles. We examine why the world continues to blame her and how various women continue to be compared to her. References: Break-up of the Beatles. (n.d.). Retrieved March 5, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Break-upofthe_Beatles Byrne, K. (2019, January 9). Why has Meghan Markle been cast as the Yoko Ono of our times? Retrieved March 5, 2020, from https://amp.independent.ie/style/voices/why-has-meghan-markle-been-cast-as-the-yoko-ono-of-our-times-37693053.html Chappet, M.-C. (2020, January 9). Harry and Meghan's drastic decision was inevitable, but should we support it or begrudge them? Glamour. Retrieved from https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/harry-and-meghan-stepping-down-was-inevitable Chuba, K. (2018, January 11). Rose McGowan: Don't blame Asia Argento, others for Anthony Bourdain's death. Retrieved March 5, 2020, from https://variety.com/2018/biz/news/rose-mcgowan-asia-argento-anthony-bourdain-blame-for-death-1202840700/ Elsergany, L. (n.d.). The Yoko effect- How women are blamed for men's downfall (opinion). Retrieved March 5, 2020, from https://www.smple.world/home/2018/10/16/blame-it-on-the-alcohol-and-ariana-how-women-are-blamed-for-mens-downfall Fullerton, A. (n.d.). The internet blamed Ariana Grande for Mac's death. The Xaverian. Retrieved from https://www.xaverian.ca/articles/2018/9/25/the-internet-blamed-ariana-grande-for-macs-death Giles, J. (2014, April 7). Courtney Love: 'I don't think the Yoko comparison is fair'. Retrieved March 5, 2020, from https://ultimateclassicrock.com/courtney-love-yoko-ono/ Hunt, M. E. (n.d.). Eve's legacy: Burden of blame. Retrieved March 5, 2020, from https://www.medialit.org/reading-room/eves-legacy-burden-blame Julian, C. (2018, September 18). Ariana Grande and the 'Yoko Ono phenomenon'. Retrieved March 5, 2020, from https://controlforever.com/read/the-yoko-ono-phenomenon-ariana-grande-is-the-latest-victim/ Kizmya, K. (2018, September 11). The Yoko effect [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://www.kimkizyma.com/blog/2018/9/11/yoko-effect?format=amp Rankaduwa, S. (2020, January 16). The British royal family has more to lose than Harry and Meghan do. Retrieved March 5, 2020, from https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/sandirankaduwa/meghan-markle-prince-harry-megxit-leaving-royal-family Reynolds, T. (2019, June 15). It's easier to blame men than to see men as victims. Retrieved March 5, 2020, from https://malepsychology.org.uk/2019/06/15/its-easier-to-blame-men-than-to-see-men-as-victims/ Scott, C. (2018, September 20). Why do we blame Yoko? The Michigan Daily. Retrieved from https://www.michigandaily.com/section/arts/why-do-we-blame-yoko Somarriba, M. R. (2016, May 11). Why are we so quick to blame women when their husbands behave badly? Verily Magazine. Retrieved from https://verilymag.com/2016/05/sexual-assault-infidelity-celebrity-beyonce-lemonade-bill-cosby-blaming-women Strauss, N. (1994, June 2). Kurt Cobain's downward spiral: The last days of Nirvana's leader. Rolling Stone. Retrieved from https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/kurt-cobains-downward-spiral-the-last-days-of-nirvanas-leader-99797/

This episode, Macie and Olivia immerse themselves in the power of physical and emotional pain. Everyone carries pain and trauma with them throughout life, and how one chooses to process and move forward with those traumas will greatly affect one’s life. Macie and Olivia also share their personal experiences of processing emotional trauma and how leaning into discomfort has guided them to enhanced personal growth. If Ya Know Better Recommendations: Olivia: Something Was Wrong (referenced Season 1) - Tiffany Reese - Tiffany’s Instagram: @lookieboo @somethingwaswrongpodcast - found on Apple Podcasts Lisa Olivera - @lisaoliveratherapy on Instagram Macie: Christine Hassler - @christinehassler on Instagram @genuwellness on Instagram Neuro and Psych References: Periaqueductal Gray definition: Kincheski, G. C., Mota-Ortiz, S. R., Pavesi, E., Canteras, N. S., & Carobrez, A. P. (2012). The dorsolateral periaqueductal gray and its role in mediating fear learning to life threatening events. Retrieved March 1, 2020, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3508919/#:~:text= PTSD Article: Bremner, J. D. (2006). Traumatic stress: effects on the brain. Retrieved March 1, 2020, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181836/ Gulf Bend Article: Gulf Bend MHMR Center. (n.d.). Retrieved March 1, 2020, from https://www.gulfbend.org/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=55762&cn=109 BEING Bucket Items: Olivia: Wim Hof Method - featured on Goop Lab Docuseries (Netflix) - Find Wim Hof Method videos on Youtube and Instagram Macie: The Healing Self - book by Deepak Chopra Connect with us! BEING Podcast would love to hear from you. Instagram: @being_podcast Gmail: mobeingpodcast@gmail.com If you’re listening on Apple Podcasts, please leave a 5-star rating and review if you love us! Share us with your friends and family. Explore humanity, encourage connection, discover truth.

Part 1 of a 2 part series on Marilyn Monroe. We discuss why repeatedly abandoning your children is not a recommended parenting tactic, and talk about how attachment theory may explain why Marilyn was so unlucky in love and friendships. References TARABORRELLI, J. R. A. N. D. Y. (2018). Secret Life Of Marilyn Monroe. Place of publication not identified: PAN Books. Bond, A. H. (2013). Marilyn Monroe: on the couch: inside the mind and life of Marilyn Monroe. Baltimore, MD: Bancroft Press. A Brief Overview of Adult Attachment Theory and Research: R. Chris Fraley. (n.d.). Retrieved March 1, 2020, from http://labs.psychology.illinois.edu/~rcfraley/attachment.htm Miranda, M., Molla, E., & Tadros, E. (2019). Implications of Foster Care on Attachment: A Literature Review. Family Journal, 27(4), 394–403. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480719833407

Show Notes Moe Factz with Adam Curry for December 2nd 2019, Episode number 17 Shaft Stache Shownotes Robert Townsend (actor) - Wikipedia Mon, 02 Dec 2019 13:13 American actor Robert Townsend (born February 6, 1957) is an American actor, director, comedian, and writer.[1][2] Townsend is best known for directing the films Hollywood Shuffle (1987), Eddie Murphy Raw (1987), The Meteor Man (1993), The Five Heartbeats (1991) and various other films and stand-up specials. He is especially known for his eponymous self-titled character, Robert Peterson as the starring role as on The WB sitcom The Parent 'Hood (1995''1999), a series which he created and of which directed select episodes. Townsend is also known for his role as Donald "Duck" Matthews in his 1991 film The Five Heartbeats.[3] He later wrote, directed and produced Making The Five Heartbeats (2018), a documentary film about the production process and behind the scenes insight into creating the film. Townsend is also known for his production company Townsend Entertainment [4] which has produced films Playin' for Love,[5] In the Hive and more. During the 1980s and early''1990s, Townsend gained national exposure through his stand-up comedy routines and appearances on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Townsend has worked with talent including Halle Berry, Morgan Freeman, Chris Tucker, Beyonc(C), Denzel Washington and many more.[6][7][8] Early life and career [ edit ] Townsend was born in Chicago, Illinois, the second of four children[9] to Shirley (n(C)e Jenkins) and Ed Townsend. His mother ended up raising him and his three siblings as a single parent. Growing up on the city's west side, Townsend attended Austin High School; graduating in 1975.[10] He became interested in acting as a teenager. During a reading of Sophocles' Oedipus Rex in high school, Townsend captured the attention of Chicago's X Bag Theatre, The Experimental Black Actors Guild. Townsend later auditioned for parts at Chicago's Experimental Black Actors' Guild and performed in local plays studying at the famed Second City comedy workshop for improvisation in 1974. Townsend had a brief uncredited role in the 1975 movie Cooley High. After high school, Townsend enrolled at Illinois State University, studied a year and later moved to New York to study at the Negro Ensemble Company. Townsend's mother believed that he should complete his college education, but he felt that college took time away from his passion for acting, and he soon dropped out of school to pursue his acting career full-time. Career [ edit ] Townsend auditioned to be part of Saturday Night Live's 1980''1981 cast, but was rejected in favor of Eddie Murphy. In 1982, Townsend appeared as one of the main characters in the PBS series Another Page, a program produced by Kentucky Educational Television that taught literacy to adults through serialized stories. Townsend later appeared in small parts in films like A Soldier's Story (1984), directed by Norman Jewison, and after its success garnered much more substantial parts in films like The Mighty Quinn (1989) with Denzel Washington.[11][12][13] In 1987, Townsend wrote, directed and produced Hollywood Shuffle, a satire based on the hardships and obstacles that black actors undergo in the film industry. The success of his first project helped him establish himself in the industry.[6][14] Another of his films was The Five Heartbeats based on 1960s R&B male groups and the tribulations of the music industry. Townsend created and produced two television variety shows'--the CableACE award''winning Robert Townsend and His Partners in Crime for HBO, and the Fox Television variety show Townsend Television (1993). He also created and starred in the WB Network's sitcom The Parent 'Hood which originally ran from January 1995 to July 1999. In 2018, Townsend also directed 2 episodes for the B.E.T. Series American Soul which began airing in 2019. The show is about Don Cornelius and Soul Train. Townsend was programming director at the Black Family Channel, but the network folded in 2007. Townsend created The Robert Townsend Foundation, a nonprofit organization whose mission is to introduce and help new unsigned filmmakers. Awards and other credits [ edit ] Townsend directed the 2001 TV movie, Livin' for Love: The Natalie Cole Story for which Cole won the NAACP Image Award as Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special. Townsend also directed two television movies in 2001 and 2002 respectively, Carmen: A Hip Hopera and 10,000 Black Men Named George. In 2013 Townsend was nominated for an Ovation Award in the category of "Lead Actor in a Musical" for his role as Dan in the La Mirada Theatre for the Performing Arts production of Next to Normal.[15] Personal life [ edit ] Townsend was married to Cheri Jones[16] from September 15, 1990, to August 9, 2001.[17] Together they have two daughters, Sierra and Skylar (Skye Townsend), both entertainers, and a son, Isiah.[6] Filmography [ edit ] Further reading [ edit ] Alexander, George. Why We Make Movies: Black Filmmakers Talk About the Magic of Cinema. Harlem Moon. 2003.Collier, Aldore. "Robert Townsend: a new kind of Hollywood dreamer. Actor-producer-director plans to make films that uplift and transform Black audiences". Ebony Magazine. 1 June 1991.Rogers, Brent. Robert Townsend Article in Perspectives. Sustaining Digital History, 12 November 2007.References [ edit ] ^ "Robert Townsend". The New York Times. ^ "As Robert Townsend Sees It : He's Fighting Stereotypes With 'Meteor Man' and New TV Show". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2010-10-10 . ^ The Five Heartbeats , retrieved 2019-09-16 ^ "Townsend Entertainment - IMDbPro". pro.imdb.com . Retrieved 2018-03-06 . ^ "Playin' For Love". Black Cinema Connection. 2014-11-05 . Retrieved 2018-03-06 . ^ a b c "About". Robert Townsend. Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. ^ "Carmen: A Hip Hopera", Wikipedia, 2019-08-09 , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ B*A*P*S , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ "Townsend, Robert (1957-)". BlackPast.Org. 2008 . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ "1975 Austin High School Yearbook (Chicago, Illinois)". Classmates.com. 1975 . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ Vincent Canby, "Review/Film; Tropical Murder", The New York Times, February 17, 1989. ^ The Mighty Quinn , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ A Soldier's Story , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ Hollywood Shuffle , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ "2013 Ovation Awards Nominees '-- South by Southeast". thisstage.la. LA STAGE Alliance. September 16, 2013 . Retrieved 2017-04-21 . ^ "The Week's Best Photo". Google Books. JET Magazine. March 25, 1991 . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ Gimenes, Erika (2001). "Robert Townsend to divorce". Hollywood.com . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ "Jackie's Back! (1999)" at IMDb. External links [ edit ] Robert Townsend on IMDbRobert Townsend (Official Website) (9) Charles Woods (The Professor) - Hollywood's Tricknology: Mandingo To Malcolm X - YouTube Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:59 Tyler Perry Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:57 Tyler Perry is a world-renowned producer, director, actor, screenwriter, playwright, author, songwriter, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. Tyler Perry's Story Tyler Perry is a world-renowned producer, director, actor, screenwriter, playwright, author, songwriter, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. Read His Story Outreach Since 2006, The Perry Foundation's aim has been to transform tragedy into triumph by empowering the economically disadvantaged to achieve a better quality of life. We focus on health and clean water, education and technology, arts and culture, and globally-sustainable economic development. Get Involved Visit Website You are viewing Tyler Perry Entertainment. If you'd like to view the Tyler Perry Studios, click here. Black writers courageously staring down the white gaze '' this is why we all must read them | Stan Grant | Opinion | The Guardian Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:46 The white gaze '' it is a phrase that resonates in black American literature. Writers from WEB Du Bois to Ralph Ellison to James Baldwin and Toni Morrison have struggled with it and railed against it. As Morrison '' a Nobel Laureate '' once said: Our lives have no meaning, no depth without the white gaze. And I have spent my entire writing life trying to make sure that the white gaze was not the dominant one in any of my books. The white gaze: it traps black people in white imaginations. It is the eyes of a white schoolteacher who sees a black student and lowers expectations. It is the eyes of a white cop who sees a black person and looks twice '' or worse, feels for a gun. Du Bois explored this more than a century ago in his book The Souls of Black Folk, reflecting on his conversations with white people and the ensuing delicate dance around the ''Negro problem''. Between me and the other world there is an ever unasked question'.... All, nevertheless, flutter around it ... Instead of saying directly, how does it feel to be a problem? They say, I know an excellent coloured man in my town ... To the real question '... I answer seldom a word. Baldwin was as ever more direct and piercing, writing in his book Nobody Knows My Name. I have spent most of my life ... watching white people and outwitting them so that I might survive. The flame has passed to a new generation. In 2015 three more black writers have stared down the white gaze. In their own ways Ta-Nehisi Coates, Claudia Rankine and George Yancy have held up a mirror to white America. These are uncompromising and fearless voices. Coates' searing essay Between The World And Me critiques America against a backdrop of black deaths at the hands of police. He says the country's history is rooted in slavery and the assault against the black body. In the form of a letter to his son, Coates writes: Here is what I would like for you to know: In America it is traditional to destroy the black body '' it is heritage. In Citizen '' An American Lyric, poet Rankine reflects on the black experience from the victims of Hurricane Katrina, or Trayvon Martin, a 17 year-old black youth shot dead by a neighbourhood watch volunteer who was acquitted, or black tennis star Serena Williams. In each case Rankine sees lives framed by whiteness. She writes: Because white men can't police their imagination, black men are dying. Philosophy Professor George Yancy just last week penned a letter in the New York Times addressed to ''Dear White America''. He asks his countrymen to listen with love, and to look at those things that might cause pain and terror. All white people, he says, benefit from racism and this means each, in their own way, are racist. '...don't run to seek shelter from your own racism'...practice being vulnerable. Being neither a ''good'' white person, nor a liberal white person will get you off the proverbial hook. Their unflinching work is not tempered by the fact a black man is in the White House '' that only makes their voices more urgent. Coates, Rankine, Yancy '' each has been variously praised and awarded, yet each has been pilloried as well. This is inevitable when some people don't like what the mirror reflects. It takes courage for a black person to speak to a white world, a world that can render invisible people of colour, unless they begin to more closely resemble white people themselves '' an education, a house in the suburbs, a good job, lighter skin. In Australia, too, black voices are defying the white gaze. We may not have the popular cut through of a Morrison or a Baldwin or a Coates, but we have a proud tradition '' Oodgeroo Noonuccal, Kevin Gilbert, Ruby Langford or more recently Kim Scott, Alexis Wright, Anita Heiss. I have spent some time recently reading some of the most powerful works of Indigenous writers. Their styles and genres are many and varied but there is a common and powerful theme of defiance and survival. This is a world so instantly recognisable to us '' Indigenous people '' but still so foreign to white Australia. Natalie Harkin's book of poetry, Dirty Words, is a subversive dictionary that turns English words back on their users: A is apology, B is for Boat People '... G is for Genocide ... S for Survival. ''How do you dream,'' she writes, ''When your lucky country does not sleep''. Bruce Pascoe's Dark Emu challenges the white stereotype of the ''primitive hunter gatherer''. He says the economy and culture of Indigenous people has been grossly undervalued. He cites journals and diaries of explorers and colonists to reveal the industry and ingenuity of pre-colonial Aboriginal society. He says it is a window into a world of people building dams and wells and houses, irrigating and harvesting seed and creating elaborate cemeteries. Pascoe's work demands to be taught in our schools. Tony Birch is an acclaimed novelist and his latest Ghost River is remarkable. It is the story of two friends navigating the journey into adulthood guided by the men of the river '' men others may see as homeless and hopeless. It is a work infused with a sense of place and belonging. Ellen Van Neerven's Heat and Light is a genre-busting mystical journey into identity: sexual, racial and national. It is provocative and challenging and mind bending, and altogether stunning. You won't find many of these titles in the annual best book lists. Occasionally they pop up, but not as often as they deserve. You probably won't hear much of Samuel Wagan Watson's Love Poems and Death Threats, or Ken Canning's Yimbama, or Lionel Fogarty's Eelahroo (Long Ago) Nyah (Looking) Mobo-Mobo (Future). That these works are not more widely read is a national shame. In our busy lives, try to find time for some of these books in 2016 '' read with the courage of these writers. George Yancy asks white Americans to become ''un-sutured'', to open themselves up and let go of their white innocence. Why is this important? Well, for white people it may simply be a matter of choice '' the fate of black people may not affect them. For us it is survival '' the white gaze means we die young, are locked up and locked out of work and education. We hear a lot about recognition '' acknowledging Indigenous people in the Australian constitution. But there is another recognition '' recognising the pervasive and too often destructive role of race in our lives, and the need to lift our gaze above it. Queen | Definition of Queen by Merriam-Webster Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:40 To save this word, you'll need to log in. \ ËkwÄ'n \ 1 a : the wife or widow of a king b : the wife or widow of a tribal chief 2 a : a female monarch b : a female chieftain 3 a : a woman eminent in rank, power, or attractions a movie queen b : a goddess or a thing personified as female and having supremacy in a specified realm c : an attractive girl or woman especially : a beauty contest winner 4 : the most privileged piece of each color in a set of chessmen having the power to move in any direction across any number of unoccupied squares 5 : a playing card marked with a stylized figure of a queen 6 : the fertile fully developed female of social bees, ants, and termites whose function is to lay eggs 7 : a mature female cat kept especially for breeding 8 slang , often disparaging : a male homosexual especially : an effeminate one queened ; queening ; queens intransitive verb 1 : to act like a queen especially : to put on airs '-- usually used with it queens it over her friends 2 : to become a queen in chess the pawn queens Pan-Africanism - Wikipedia Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:37 Worldwide movement that aims to encourage and strengthen bonds of solidarity between all people of African descent Pan-Africanism is a worldwide movement that aims to encourage and strengthen bonds of solidarity between all indigenous and diasporan ethnic groups of African descent. Based on a common goal dating back to the Atlantic slave trade, the movement extends beyond continental Africans with a substantial support base among the African diaspora in the Caribbean, Latin America, the United States and Canada and Europe.[1][2] It is based on the belief that unity is vital to economic, social, and political progress and aims to "unify and uplift" people of African descent.[3] The ideology asserts that the fate of all African people and countries[clarification needed ] are intertwined. At its core Pan-Africanism is a belief that ''African people, both on the continent and in the diaspora, share not merely a common history, but a common destiny".[4] Pan-Africanist intellectual, cultural, and political movements tend to view all Africans and descendants of Africans as belonging to a single "race" and sharing cultural unity. Pan-Africanism posits a sense of a shared historical fate for Africans in the Americas, West Indies, and, on the continent itself, has centered on the Atlantic trade in slaves, African slavery, and European imperialism.[5] The Organization of African Unity (now the African Union) was established in 1963 to safeguard the sovereignty and territorial integrity of its Member States and to promote global relations within the framework of the United Nations.[6] The African Union Commission has its seat in Addis Ababa and the Pan-African Parliament has its seat in Johannesburg and Midrand. Overview [ edit ] Pan-Africanism stresses the need for "collective self-reliance".[7] Pan-Africanism exists as a governmental and grassroots objective. Pan-African advocates include leaders such as Haile Selassie, Julius Nyerere, Ahmed S(C)kou Tour(C), Kwame Nkrumah, King Sobhuza II, Thomas Sankara and Muammar Gaddafi, grassroots organizers such as Marcus Garvey and Malcolm X, academics such as W. E. B. Du Bois, and others in the diaspora.[8][9][10] Pan-Africanists believe that solidarity will enable the continent to fulfill its potential to independently provide for all its people. Crucially, an all-African alliance would empower African people globally. The realization of the Pan-African objective would lead to "power consolidation in Africa", which "would compel a reallocation of global resources, as well as unleashing a fiercer psychological energy and political assertion...that would unsettle social and political (power) structures...in the Americas".[11] Advocates of Pan-Africanism'--i.e. "Pan-Africans" or "Pan-Africanists"'--often champion socialist principles and tend to be opposed to external political and economic involvement on the continent. Critics accuse the ideology of homogenizing the experience of people of African descent. They also point to the difficulties of reconciling current divisions within countries on the continent and within communities in the diaspora.[11] History [ edit ] As a philosophy, Pan-Africanism represents the aggregation of the historical, cultural, spiritual, artistic, scientific, and philosophical legacies of Africans from past times to the present. Pan-Africanism as an ethical system traces its origins from ancient times, and promotes values that are the product of the African civilisations and the struggles against slavery, racism, colonialism, and neo-colonialism.[8] Alongside a large number of slaves insurrections, by the end of the 19th century a political movement developed across the Americas, Europe and Africa that sought to weld disparate movements into a network of solidarity, putting an end to oppression. Another important political form of a religious Pan-Africanist worldview appeared in the form of Ethiopianism.[12] In London, the Sons of Africa was a political group addressed by Quobna Ottobah Cugoano in the 1791 edition of his book Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil of Slavery. The group addressed meetings and organised letter-writing campaigns, published campaigning material and visited parliament. They wrote to figures such as Granville Sharp, William Pitt and other members of the white abolition movement, as well as King George III and the Prince of Wales, the future George IV. Modern Pan-Africanism began around the start of the 20th century. The African Association, later renamed the Pan-African Association, was established around 1897 by Henry Sylvester-Williams, who organized the First Pan-African Conference in London in 1900.[13][14][15] With the independence of Ghana in March 1957, Kwame Nkrumah was elected as the first Prime Minister and President of the State.[16] Nkrumah emerged as a major advocate for the unity of Independent Africa. The Ghanaian President embodied a political activist approach to pan-Africanism as he championed the "quest for regional integration of the whole of the African continent".[17] This period represented a "Golden Age of high pan-African ambitions"; the Continent had experienced revolution and decolonization from Western powers and the narrative of rebirth and solidarity had gained momentum within the pan-African movement.[17] Nkrumah's pan-African principles intended for a union between the Independent African states upon a recognition of their commonality (i.e. suppression under imperialism). Pan-Africanism under Nkrumah evolved past the assumptions of a racially exclusive movement associated with black Africa, and adopted a political discourse of regional unity [18] In April 1958, Nkrumah hosted the first All-African Peoples' Conference (AAPC) in Accra, Ghana. This Conference invited delegates of political movements and major political leaders. With the exception of South Africa, all Independent States of the Continent attended: Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Liberia, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia and Sudan.[18] This Conference signified a monumental event in the pan-African movement, as it revealed a political and social union between those considered Arabic states and the black African regions. Further, the Conference espoused a common African Nationalist identity, among the States, of unity and anti-Imperialism. Frantz Fanon, journalist, freedom fighter and a member of the Algerian FLN party attended the conference as a delegate for Algeria.[19] Considering the armed struggle of the FLN against French colonial rule, the attendees of the Conference agreed to support the struggle of those States under colonial oppression. This encouraged the commitment of direct involvement in the "emancipation of the Continent; thus, a fight against colonial pressures on South Africa was declared and the full support of the FLN struggle in Algeria, against French colonial rule"".[20] In the years following 1958, Accra Conference also marked the establishment of a new foreign policy of non-alignment as between the US and USSR, and the will to establish an "African Identity" in global affairs by advocating a unity between the African States on international relations. "This would be based on the Bandung Declaration, the Charter of the UN and on loyalty to UN decisions."[20] In 1959, Nkrumah, President S(C)kou Tour(C) of Guinea and President William Tubman of Liberia met at Sanniquellie and signed the Sanniquellie Declaration outlining the principles for the achievement of the unity of Independent African States whilst maintaining a national identity and autonomous constitutional structure.[21][22] The Declaration called for a revised understanding of pan-Africanism and the uniting of the Independent States. In 1960, the second All-African Peoples' Conference was held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.[23] The membership of the All-African Peoples' Organisation (AAPO) had increased with the inclusion of the "Algerian Provisional Government (as they had not yet won independence), Cameroun, Guinea, Nigeria, Somalia and the United Arab Republic".[24] The Conference highlighted diverging ideologies within the movement, as Nkrumah's call for a political and economic union between the Independent African States gained little agreement. The disagreements following 1960 gave rise to two rival factions within the pan-African movement: the Casablanca Bloc and the Brazzaville Bloc.[25] In 1962, Algeria gained independence from French colonial rule and Ahmed Ben Bella assumed Presidency. Ben Bella was a strong advocate for pan-Africanism and an African Unity. Following the FLN's armed struggle for liberation, Ben Bella spoke at the UN and espoused for Independent Africa's role in providing military and financial support to the African liberation movements opposing apartheid and fighting Portuguese colonialism.[26] In search of a united voice, in 1963 at an African Summit conference in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 32 African states met and established the Organization of African Unity (OAU). The creation of the OAU Charter took place at this Summit and defines a coordinated "effort to raise the standard of living of member States and defend their sovereignty" by supporting freedom fighters and decolonisation.[27] Thus, was the formation of the African Liberation Committee (ALC), during the 1963 Summit. Championing the support of liberation movements, was Algeria's President Ben Bella, immediately "donated 100 million francs to its finances and was one of the first countries, of the Organisation to boycott Portuguese and South African goods".[26] In 1969, Algiers hosted the Pan-African Cultural Festival, on July 21 and it continued for eight days.[28] At this moment in history, Algeria stood as a ''beacon of African and Third-World militancy,''[28] and would come to inspire fights against colonialism around the world. The festival attracted thousands from African states and the African Diaspora, including the Black Panthers. It represented the application of the tenets of the Algerian revolution to the rest of Africa, and symbolized the re-shaping of the definition of pan-African identity under the common experience of colonialism.[28] The Festival further strengthened Algeria's President, Boumediene's standing in Africa and the Third World.[28] After the death of Kwame Nkrumah in 1972, Muammar Qaddafi assumed the mantle of leader of the Pan-Africanist movement and became the most outspoken advocate of African Unity, like Nkrumah before him '' for the advent of a "United States of Africa".[29] In the United States, the term is closely associated with Afrocentrism, an ideology of African-American identity politics that emerged during the civil rights movement of the 1960s to 1970s.[30] Concept [ edit ] As originally conceived by Henry Sylvester-Williams (although some historians[who? ] credit the idea to Edward Wilmot Blyden), Pan-Africanism referred to the unity of all continental Africa.[31] During apartheid South Africa there was a Pan Africanist Congress that dealt with the oppression of Africans in South Africa under Apartheid rule. Other pan-Africanist organisations include: Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association-African Communities League, TransAfrica and the International People's Democratic Uhuru Movement. Additionally, Pan-Africanism is seen as an endeavor to return to what are deemed by its proponents as singular, traditional African concepts about culture, society, and values. Examples of this include L(C)opold S(C)dar Senghor's N(C)gritude movement, and Mobutu Sese Seko's view of Authenticit(C). An important theme running through much pan-Africanist literature concerns the historical links between different countries on the continent, and the benefits of cooperation as a way of resisting imperialism and colonialism. In the 21st century, some Pan-Africanists aim to address globalisation and the problems of environmental justice. For instance, at the conference "Pan-Africanism for a New Generation"[32] held at the University of Oxford, June 2011, Ledum Mittee, the current president of the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), argued that environmental justice movements across the African continent should create horizontal linkages in order to better protect the interests of threatened peoples and the ecological systems in which they are embedded, and upon which their survival depends. Some universities went as far as creating "Departments of Pan-African Studies" in the late 1960s. This includes the California State University, where that department was founded in 1969 as a direct reaction to the civil rights movement, and is today dedicated to "teaching students about the African World Experience", to "demonstrate to the campus and the community the richness, vibrance, diversity, and vitality of African, African American, and Caribbean cultures" and to "presenting students and the community with an Afrocentric analysis" of anti-black racism.[33]Syracuse University also offers a master's degree in "Pan African Studies".[34] Pan-African colors [ edit ] The flags of numerous states in Africa and of Pan-African groups use green, yellow and red. This colour combination was originally adopted from the 1897 flag of Ethiopia, and was inspired by the fact that Ethiopia is the continent's oldest independent nation,[35] thus making the Ethiopian green, yellow and red the closest visual representation of Pan-Africanism. This is in comparison to the Black Nationalist flag, representing political theory centred around the eugenicist caste-stratified colonial Americas.[36] The UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association) flag, is a tri-color flag consisting of three equal horizontal bands of (from top down) red, black and green. The UNIA formally adopted it on August 13, 1920,[37] during its month-long convention at Madison Square Garden in New York.[38][39] Variations of the flag have been used in various countries and territories in Africa and the Americas to represent Black Nationalist ideologies. Among these are the flags of Malawi, Kenya and Saint Kitts and Nevis. Several Pan-African organizations and movements have also often employed the emblematic red, black and green tri-color scheme in variety of contexts. Maafa studies [ edit ] Maafa is an aspect of Pan-African studies. The term collectively refers to 500 years of suffering (including the present) of people of African heritage through slavery, imperialism, colonialism, and other forms of oppression.[40][41] In this area of study, both the actual history and the legacy of that history are studied as a single discourse. The emphasis in the historical narrative is on African agents, as opposed to non-African agents.[42] Political parties and organizations [ edit ] In Africa [ edit ] Organisation of African Unity, succeeded by the African UnionAfrican Unification FrontRassemblement D(C)mocratique AfricainAll-African People's Revolutionary PartyConvention People's Party (Ghana)Pan-African Renaissance[43]Economic Freedom Fighters (South Africa)Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (South Africa)In the Caribbean [ edit ] The Pan-African Affairs Commission for Pan-African Affairs, a unit within the Office of the Prime Minister of Barbados.[44]African Society for Cultural Relations with Independent Africa (Guyana)Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement (Antigua and Barbuda)Clement Payne Movement (Barbados)Marcus Garvey People's Political Party (Jamaica)Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (Jamaica)In the United Kingdom [ edit ] Pan-African FederationIn the United States [ edit ] The Council on African Affairs (CAA): founded in 1937 by Max Yergan and Paul Robeson, the CAA was the first major U.S. organization whose focus was on providing pertinent and up-to-date information about Pan-Africanism across the United States, particularly to African Americans. Probably the most successful campaign of the Council was for South African famine relief in 1946. The CAA was hopeful that, following World War II, there would be a move towards Third World independence under the trusteeship of the United Nations.[45] To the CAA's dismay, the proposals introduced by the U.S. government to the conference in April/May 1945 set no clear limits on the duration of colonialism and no motions towards allowing territorial possessions to move towards self-government.[45] Liberal supporters abandoned the CAA, and the federal government cracked down on its operations. In 1953 the CAA was charged with subversion under the McCarran Internal Security Act. Its principal leaders, including Robeson, W. E. B. Du Bois, and Alphaeus Hunton (1903''70), were subjected to harassment, indictments, and in the case of Hunton, imprisonment. Under the weight of internal disputes, government repression, and financial hardships, the Council on African Affairs disbanded in 1955.[46]The US Organization was founded in 1965 by Maulana Karenga, following the Watts riots. It is based on the synthetic African philosophy of kawaida, and is perhaps best known for creating Kwanzaa and the Nguzo Saba ("seven principles"). In the words of its founder and chair, Karenga, "the essential task of our organization Us has been and remains to provide a philosophy, a set of principles and a program which inspires a personal and social practice that not only satisfies human need but transforms people in the process, making them self-conscious agents of their own life and liberation".[47]Pan-African concepts and philosophies [ edit ] Afrocentric Pan-Africanism [ edit ] Afrocentric Pan-Africanism is espoused by Kwabena Faheem Ashanti in his book The Psychotechnology of Brainwashing: Crucifying Willie Lynch. Another newer movement that has evolved from the early Afrocentric school is the Afrisecal movement or Afrisecaism of Francis Ohanyido, a Nigerian philosopher-poet.[48] Black Nationalism is sometimes associated with this form of pan-Africanism. Kawaida [ edit ] Hip hop [ edit ] Since the late 1970s, hip hop has emerged as a powerful force that has partly shaped black identity worldwide. In his 2005 article "Hip-hop Turns 30: Whatcha Celebratin' For?", Greg Tate describes hip-hop culture as the product of a Pan-African state of mind. It is an "ethnic enclave/empowerment zone that has served as a foothold for the poorest among us to get a grip on the land of the prosperous".[49] Hip-hop unifies those of African descent globally in its movement towards greater economic, social and political power. Andreana Clay in her article "Keepin' it Real: Black Youth, Hip-Hop Culture, and Black Identity" states that hip-hop provides the world with "vivid illustrations of Black lived experience", creating bonds of black identity across the globe.[50] From a Pan-African perspective, Hip-Hop Culture can be a conduit to authenticate a black identity, and in doing so, creates a unifying and uplifting force among Africans that Pan-Africanism sets out to achieve. Pan-African art [ edit ] Further information on pan-African film festivals see: FESPACO and PAFFSee also [ edit ] Literature [ edit ] Hakim Adi & Marika Sherwood, Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora Since 1787, London: Routledgem 2003.Imanuel Geiss, Panafrikanismus. Zur Geschichte der Dekolonisation. Habilitation, EVA, Frankfurt am Main, 1968, English as: The Pan-African Movement, London: Methuen, 1974, ISBN 0-416-16710-1, and as: The Pan-African Movement. A history of Pan-Africanism in America, Europe and Africa, New York: Africana Publ., 1974, ISBN 0-8419-0161-9.Colin Legum, Pan-Africanism: A Short Political Guide, revised edition, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1965.Tony Martin, Pan-African Connection: From Slavery to Garvey and Beyond, Dover: The Majority Press, 1985.References [ edit ] ^ Austin, David (Fall 2007). "All Roads Led to Montreal: Black Power, the Caribbean and the Black Radical Tradition in Canada". Journal of African American History. 92 (4): 516''539 . Retrieved March 30, 2019 . ^ Oloruntoba-Oju, Omotayo (December 2012). "Pan Africanism, Myth and History in African and Caribbean Drama". Journal of Pan African Studies. 5 (8): 190 ff. ^ Frick, Janari, et al. (2006), History: Learner's Book, p. 235, South Africa: New Africa Books. ^ Makalani, Minkah (2011), "Pan-Africanism". Africana Age. ^ New Dictionary of the History of Ideas. The Gale Group, Inc. 2005. ^ About the African Union Archived January 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. ^ "The objectives of the PAP", The Pan-African Parliament '' 2014 and beyond. ^ a b Falola, Toyin; Essien, Kwame (2013). Pan-Africanism, and the Politics of African Citizenship and Identity. London: Routledge. pp. 71''72. ISBN 1135005192 . Retrieved September 26, 2015 . ^ Goebel, Anti-Imperial Metropolis, pp. 250''278. ^ Maguire, K., "Ghana re-evaluates Nkrumah", GlobalPost, October 21, 2009. Retrieved September 13, 2012. ^ a b Agyeman, O., Pan-Africanism and Its Detractors: A Response to Harvard's Race Effacing Universalists, Harvard University Press (1998), cited in Mawere, Munyaradzi; Tapuwa R. Mubaya, African Philosophy and Thought Systems: A Search for a Culture and Philosophy of Belonging, Langaa RPCIG (2016), p. 89. ISBN 9789956763016. Retrieved August 23, 2018. ^ "Pan-Africanism". exhibitions.nypl.org . Retrieved February 16, 2017 . ^ "A history of Pan-Africanism", New Internationalist, 326, August 2000. ^ The History of Pan Africanism, PADEAP (Pan African Development Education and Advocacy Programme). ^ Lubin, Alex, "The Contingencies of Pan-Africanism", Geographies of Liberation: The Making of an Afro-Arab Political Imaginary, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014, p. 71. ^ Smith-Asante, E., "Biography of Ghana's first President, Dr Kwame Nkrumah", Graphic Online, March 8, 2016. Retrieved March 23, 2017. ^ a b Mkandawire, P. (2005). African Intellectuals: Rethinking Politics, Language, Gender and Development, Dakar: Codesria/London: Zed Books, p. 58. Retrieved March 23, 2017. ^ a b Legum, C. (1965). Pan-Africanism: a short political guide, New York, etc.: Frederick A. Praeger, p. 41. ^ Adi, H., & M. Sherwood (2003). Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora Since 1787, London: Routledge, p. 66. ^ a b Legum (1965). Pan-Africanism, p. 42. ^ Adi & Sherwood (2003). Pan-African History, p. 179. ^ Legum (1965), Pan-Africanism, p. 45. ^ Legum (1965). Pan-Africanism, p. 46. ^ Legum (1965), Pan-Africanism, p. 47. ^ Martin, G. (2012). African Political Thought, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ^ a b Adi & Sherwood (2003), Pan-African History, p. 10. ^ "African states unite against white rule", ON THIS DAY | May25. BBC News. Retrieved March 23, 2017. ^ a b c d Evans, M., & J. Phillips (2008). Algeria: Anger of the Dispossessed, Yale University Press, pp. 97''98. ^ Martin, G. (December 23, 2012). African Political Thought. Springer. ISBN 9781137062055. ^ See e.g. Ronald W. Walters, Pan Africanism in the African Diaspora: An Analysis of Modern Afrocentric Political Movements, African American Life Series, Wayne State University Press, 1997, p. 68. ^ Campbell, Crystal Z. (December 2006). "Sculpting a Pan-African Culture in the Art of N(C)gritude: A Model for African Artist" (PDF) . The Journal of Pan African Studies. Archived from the original on June 1, 2015. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link) ^ Oxford University African Society Conference, Corpus Christi College, Oxford University, May 5, 2012. ^ "About Us". Csus.edu . Retrieved October 15, 2015 . ^ The M.A. in Pan African Studies Archived October 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, African American Studies at Syracuse University. ^ Smith, Whitney (2001). Flag Lore of All Nations . Millbrook Press. p. 36. ISBN 0761317538 . Retrieved October 7, 2014 . ^ Lionel K., McPherson; Shelby, Tommie (Spring 2004). "Blackness and Blood: Interpreting African American Identity" (PDF) . Philosophy and Public Affairs. 32: 171''192. ^ Wikisource contributors, "The Declaration of the Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World", Wikisource, The Free Library. (Retrieved October 6, 2007). ^ "25,000 Negroes Convene: International Gathering Will Prepare Own Bill of Rights", The New York Times, August 2, 1920. Proquest. Retrieved October 5, 2007. ^ "Negroes Adopt Bill Of Rights: Convention Approves Plan for African Republic and Sets to Work on Preparation of Constitution of the Colored Race Negro Complaints Aggression Condemned Recognition Demanded". The Christian Science Monitor, August 17, 1920. Proquest. Retrieved October 5, 2007. ^ "What Holocaust". "Glenn Reitz". Archived from the original on October 18, 2007. ^ "The Maafa, African Holocaust". Swagga. ^ Ogunleye, Tolagbe (1997). "African American Folklore: Its Role in Reconstructing African American History". Journal of Black Studies. 27 (4): 435''455. ISSN 0021-9347. ^ "Pan-African Renaissance". ^ Rodney Worrell (2005). Pan-Africanism in Barbados: An Analysis of the Activities of the Major 20th-century Pan-African Formations in Barbados. New Academia Publishing, LLC. pp. 99''102. ISBN 978-0-9744934-6-6. ^ a b Duberman, Martin. Paul Robeson, 1989, pp. 296''97. ^ "Council on African Affairs", African Activist Archive. ^ "Philosophy, Principles, and Program". The Organization Us. ^ "Francis Okechukwu Ohanyido". African Resource. ^ Tate, Greg, "Hip-hop Turns 30: Whatcha Celebratin' For?", Village Voice, January 4, 2005. ^ Clay, Andreana. "Keepin' it Real: Black Youth, Hip-Hop Culture, and Black Identity". In American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 46.10 (2003): 1346''58. External links [ edit ] SNCC Digital Gateway: Pan-Africanism'--Digital documentary website created by the SNCC Legacy Project and Duke University, telling the story of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee & grassroots organizing from the inside-outAfrican UnionAfrican Code Unity Through DiversityA-APRP WebsiteThe Major Pan-African news and articles siteProfessor David Murphy (November 15, 2015). "The Performance of Pan-Africanism: performing black identity at major pan-African festivals, 1966''2010" (Podcast). The University of Edinburgh . Retrieved January 28, 2016 '' via Soundcloud. Ebro Darden - Wikipedia Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:36 Ebro Darden BornIbrahim Jamil Darden ( 1975-03-17 ) March 17, 1975 (age 44) NationalityAmericanOccupationMedia executiveradio personalityYears active1990''presentKnown forHot 97 radio personalityBeats1 DJChildren1Websitewww.EbroDarden.comIbrahim "Ebro" Darden (born March 17, 1975) is an American media executive and radio personality. Until 2014, he was Vice President of Programming for Emmis Communications' New York contemporary urban station WQHT (Hot 97). He is currently a co-host on the Hot 97 morning show, Ebro in the Morning, alongside Peter Rosenberg, and Laura Stylez. As of 2015, Darden also hosts a hip hop music-based radio show on Beats 1. Early life [ edit ] Darden was born to a black father and a Jewish mother. He attended a Pentecostal church and Hebrew school while growing up in Oakland and Sacramento.[1] Career [ edit ] Start in radio [ edit ] Darden began his career in radio in 1990 at KSFM in Sacramento, California, while he was still a teenager. At KSFM he worked in research and as a sales runner until moving into programming as an intern, and later co-hosting for KSFM's night and morning shows. In 1997, he worked at KBMB in Sacramento as Programming and Music Director, as well as an afternoon host. Eventually, Darden became Operations Manager at KBMB, while also co-hosting mornings at KXJM in Portland, Oregon, in 1999. Hot 97 [ edit ] In 2003, Darden became Music Director for WQHT, ultimately becoming the Program Director for the station in 2007.[2][3][4] Darden worked alongside several past WQHT Hot 97 morning show co-hosts including Star and Bucwild, Miss Jones, DJ Envy, Sway, and Joe Budden from 2004 to 2007, and introduced Cipha Sounds and Peter Rosenberg to the AM drive in 2009. He rejoined the Hot 97 Morning Show in 2012, alongside Cipha Sounds, Peter Rosenberg, and Laura Stylez. As Programming Director and on-air host, Darden was the main voice of several events at Hot 97 including Nicki Minaj's relationship with the station, and her alleged sexual relationship with the host; Hurricane Sandy; and Mister Cee's personal life.[5] In 2014, VH1 announced a new unscripted comedy series, This Is Hot 97, which featured Darden and fellow hosts including Angie Martinez, Funkmaster Flex, Peter Rosenberg, Cipha Sounds, Miss Info, and Laura Stylez.[6] Beats 1 [ edit ] In addition to his current on-air role at Hot 97, Darden is now one of three anchor DJs on Beats 1, an Internet radio service from Apple Music. Feuds and controversy [ edit ] A comedic rivalry between Darden and fellow accomplished radio personality Charlamagne Tha God of Power 105.1 has been ongoing for years. In May 2017, Darden clarified their relationship, stating, "The stuff we do on the radio is stupid. It's for fun. I make fun of you for fun. That's it. It's not that deep... me and that dude don't have a personal problem... a personal relationship".[7] Darden was mentioned in Remy Ma's "shETHER" diss track, on which Ma insinuated that he slept with Nicki Minaj by stating "Coke head, you cheated on your man with Ebro". After jokingly going back and forth with both Ma and her husband Papoose on social media, Darden denied the rumors, stating that he and Minaj had only a professional relationship.[8] Ebro has been in an ongoing feud with Brooklyn artist 6ix9ine. Ebro made fun of 6ix9ine as looking like a clown and criticized him for bragging about streaming numbers,[9] and 6ix9ine responded on the song "Stoopid" with the line "That nigga Ebro, he a bitch/Just another old nigga on a young nigga dick." [10] Personal life [ edit ] Darden has a daughter, Isa, who was born in 2014.[11] Recognition [ edit ] In 2013, he was recognized by Radio Ink as a future African American leader.[12] Filmography [ edit ] References [ edit ] Queen & Slim (2019) - IMDb Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:13 3 nominations. See more awards >> Learn more More Like This Comedy | Crime | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.1 / 10 X A detective investigates the death of a patriarch of an eccentric, combative family. Director:Rian Johnson Stars:Daniel Craig,Chris Evans,Ana de Armas Action | Crime | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.6 / 10 X An embattled NYPD detective is thrust into a citywide manhunt for a pair of cop killers after uncovering a massive and unexpected conspiracy. Director:Brian Kirk Stars:Chadwick Boseman,Sienna Miller,J.K. Simmons Action | Biography | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.5 / 10 X The extraordinary tale of Harriet Tubman's escape from slavery and transformation into one of America's greatest heroes, whose courage, ingenuity, and tenacity freed hundreds of slaves and changed the course of history. Director:Kasi Lemmons Stars:Cynthia Erivo,Leslie Odom Jr.,Joe Alwyn Biography | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.9 / 10 X Based on the true story of a real-life friendship between Fred Rogers and journalist Tom Junod. Director:Marielle Heller Stars:Tom Hanks,Matthew Rhys,Chris Cooper Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.2 / 10 X A young actor's stormy childhood and early adult years as he struggles to reconcile with his father and deal with his mental health. Director:Alma Har'el Stars:Shia LaBeouf,Lucas Hedges,Noah Jupe Drama | Romance | Sport 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.7 / 10 X Traces the journey of a suburban family - led by a well-intentioned but domineering father - as they navigate love, forgiveness, and coming together in the aftermath of a loss. Director:Trey Edward Shults Stars:Taylor Russell,Kelvin Harrison Jr.,Alexa Demie Comedy | Drama | War 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.1 / 10 X A young boy in Hitler's army finds out his mother is hiding a Jewish girl in their home. Director:Taika Waititi Stars:Roman Griffin Davis,Thomasin McKenzie,Scarlett Johansson Action | Crime | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5.7 / 10 X A rookie New Orleans police officer is forced to balance her identity as a black woman after she witnesses two corrupt cops committing murder. Director:Deon Taylor Stars:Naomie Harris,Frank Grillo,Mike Colter Biography | Drama | History 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.3 / 10 X A corporate defense attorney takes on an environmental lawsuit against a chemical company that exposes a lengthy history of pollution. Director:Todd Haynes Stars:Anne Hathaway,Mark Ruffalo,William Jackson Harper Drama | Fantasy | Horror 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.3 / 10 X Two lighthouse keepers try to maintain their sanity while living on a remote and mysterious New England island in the 1890s. Director:Robert Eggers Stars:Willem Dafoe,Robert Pattinson,Valeriia Karaman Crime | Drama | Mystery 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.5 / 10 X Consummate con man Roy Courtnay has set his sights on his latest mark: the recently widowed Betty McLeish, worth millions. But this time, what should have been a simple swindle escalates into a cat-and-mouse game with the ultimate stakes. Director:Bill Condon Stars:Helen Mirren,Ian McKellen,Russell Tovey Crime | Drama | Mystery 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.1 / 10 X In 1950s New York, a lonely private detective afflicted with Tourette's Syndrome ventures to solve the murder of his mentor and only friend. Director:Edward Norton Stars:Edward Norton,Gugu Mbatha-Raw,Alec Baldwin Edit Storyline Slim and Queen's first date takes an unexpected turn when a policeman pulls them over for a minor traffic violation. When the situation escalates, Slim takes the officer's gun and shoots him in self-defence. Now labelled cop killers in the media, Slim and Queen feel that they have no choice but to go on the run and evade the law. When a video of the incident goes viral, the unwitting outlaws soon become a symbol of trauma, terror, grief and pain for people all across the country Written bystmc-25959 Plot Summary | Add Synopsis Motion Picture Rating (MPAA) Rated R for violence, some strong sexuality, nudity, pervasive language, and brief drug use. | See all certifications >> Edit Details Release Date: 27 November 2019 (USA) See more >> Edit Box Office Opening Weekend USA: $11,700,000, 1 December 2019 Gross USA: $15,810,000 Cumulative Worldwide Gross: $15,810,000 See more on IMDbPro >> Company Credits Technical Specs Runtime: 131 min Aspect Ratio: 2.39 : 1 See full technical specs >> Edit Did You Know? Trivia First feature film to be directed by Melina Matsoukas, who has previously only directed music videos and TV episodes. See more >> Quotes Slim :Are you tryin' to die? Queen :No. I just always wanted to do that. Slim :Well, don't do it while I'm drivin' Queen :You should try it. Slim :Nah, I'm good. Queen :Pull over. Slim :Na-ah. Queen :Come on! Pull over. Pull over! Slim :If I do, would you please, let me drive the rest of the way it is? Queen :Swear to God. [...] See more >> Explore popular and recently added TV series available to stream now with Prime Video. Start your free trial Music in this episode Intro: Puff Daddy - It's all about the benjamins Outro: Blue Magic - Sideshow Donate to the show at moefundme.com Search for us in your podcast directory or use this link to subscribe to the feed Podcast Feed For more information: MoeFactz.com

Show Notes Moe Factz with Adam Curry for December 2nd 2019, Episode number 17 Shaft Stache Shownotes Robert Townsend (actor) - Wikipedia Mon, 02 Dec 2019 13:13 American actor Robert Townsend (born February 6, 1957) is an American actor, director, comedian, and writer.[1][2] Townsend is best known for directing the films Hollywood Shuffle (1987), Eddie Murphy Raw (1987), The Meteor Man (1993), The Five Heartbeats (1991) and various other films and stand-up specials. He is especially known for his eponymous self-titled character, Robert Peterson as the starring role as on The WB sitcom The Parent 'Hood (1995''1999), a series which he created and of which directed select episodes. Townsend is also known for his role as Donald "Duck" Matthews in his 1991 film The Five Heartbeats.[3] He later wrote, directed and produced Making The Five Heartbeats (2018), a documentary film about the production process and behind the scenes insight into creating the film. Townsend is also known for his production company Townsend Entertainment [4] which has produced films Playin' for Love,[5] In the Hive and more. During the 1980s and early''1990s, Townsend gained national exposure through his stand-up comedy routines and appearances on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Townsend has worked with talent including Halle Berry, Morgan Freeman, Chris Tucker, Beyonc(C), Denzel Washington and many more.[6][7][8] Early life and career [ edit ] Townsend was born in Chicago, Illinois, the second of four children[9] to Shirley (n(C)e Jenkins) and Ed Townsend. His mother ended up raising him and his three siblings as a single parent. Growing up on the city's west side, Townsend attended Austin High School; graduating in 1975.[10] He became interested in acting as a teenager. During a reading of Sophocles' Oedipus Rex in high school, Townsend captured the attention of Chicago's X Bag Theatre, The Experimental Black Actors Guild. Townsend later auditioned for parts at Chicago's Experimental Black Actors' Guild and performed in local plays studying at the famed Second City comedy workshop for improvisation in 1974. Townsend had a brief uncredited role in the 1975 movie Cooley High. After high school, Townsend enrolled at Illinois State University, studied a year and later moved to New York to study at the Negro Ensemble Company. Townsend's mother believed that he should complete his college education, but he felt that college took time away from his passion for acting, and he soon dropped out of school to pursue his acting career full-time. Career [ edit ] Townsend auditioned to be part of Saturday Night Live's 1980''1981 cast, but was rejected in favor of Eddie Murphy. In 1982, Townsend appeared as one of the main characters in the PBS series Another Page, a program produced by Kentucky Educational Television that taught literacy to adults through serialized stories. Townsend later appeared in small parts in films like A Soldier's Story (1984), directed by Norman Jewison, and after its success garnered much more substantial parts in films like The Mighty Quinn (1989) with Denzel Washington.[11][12][13] In 1987, Townsend wrote, directed and produced Hollywood Shuffle, a satire based on the hardships and obstacles that black actors undergo in the film industry. The success of his first project helped him establish himself in the industry.[6][14] Another of his films was The Five Heartbeats based on 1960s R&B male groups and the tribulations of the music industry. Townsend created and produced two television variety shows'--the CableACE award''winning Robert Townsend and His Partners in Crime for HBO, and the Fox Television variety show Townsend Television (1993). He also created and starred in the WB Network's sitcom The Parent 'Hood which originally ran from January 1995 to July 1999. In 2018, Townsend also directed 2 episodes for the B.E.T. Series American Soul which began airing in 2019. The show is about Don Cornelius and Soul Train. Townsend was programming director at the Black Family Channel, but the network folded in 2007. Townsend created The Robert Townsend Foundation, a nonprofit organization whose mission is to introduce and help new unsigned filmmakers. Awards and other credits [ edit ] Townsend directed the 2001 TV movie, Livin' for Love: The Natalie Cole Story for which Cole won the NAACP Image Award as Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special. Townsend also directed two television movies in 2001 and 2002 respectively, Carmen: A Hip Hopera and 10,000 Black Men Named George. In 2013 Townsend was nominated for an Ovation Award in the category of "Lead Actor in a Musical" for his role as Dan in the La Mirada Theatre for the Performing Arts production of Next to Normal.[15] Personal life [ edit ] Townsend was married to Cheri Jones[16] from September 15, 1990, to August 9, 2001.[17] Together they have two daughters, Sierra and Skylar (Skye Townsend), both entertainers, and a son, Isiah.[6] Filmography [ edit ] Further reading [ edit ] Alexander, George. Why We Make Movies: Black Filmmakers Talk About the Magic of Cinema. Harlem Moon. 2003.Collier, Aldore. "Robert Townsend: a new kind of Hollywood dreamer. Actor-producer-director plans to make films that uplift and transform Black audiences". Ebony Magazine. 1 June 1991.Rogers, Brent. Robert Townsend Article in Perspectives. Sustaining Digital History, 12 November 2007.References [ edit ] ^ "Robert Townsend". The New York Times. ^ "As Robert Townsend Sees It : He's Fighting Stereotypes With 'Meteor Man' and New TV Show". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2010-10-10 . ^ The Five Heartbeats , retrieved 2019-09-16 ^ "Townsend Entertainment - IMDbPro". pro.imdb.com . Retrieved 2018-03-06 . ^ "Playin' For Love". Black Cinema Connection. 2014-11-05 . Retrieved 2018-03-06 . ^ a b c "About". Robert Townsend. Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. ^ "Carmen: A Hip Hopera", Wikipedia, 2019-08-09 , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ B*A*P*S , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ "Townsend, Robert (1957-)". BlackPast.Org. 2008 . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ "1975 Austin High School Yearbook (Chicago, Illinois)". Classmates.com. 1975 . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ Vincent Canby, "Review/Film; Tropical Murder", The New York Times, February 17, 1989. ^ The Mighty Quinn , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ A Soldier's Story , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ Hollywood Shuffle , retrieved 2019-09-17 ^ "2013 Ovation Awards Nominees '-- South by Southeast". thisstage.la. LA STAGE Alliance. September 16, 2013 . Retrieved 2017-04-21 . ^ "The Week's Best Photo". Google Books. JET Magazine. March 25, 1991 . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ Gimenes, Erika (2001). "Robert Townsend to divorce". Hollywood.com . Retrieved September 18, 2017 . ^ "Jackie's Back! (1999)" at IMDb. External links [ edit ] Robert Townsend on IMDbRobert Townsend (Official Website) (9) Charles Woods (The Professor) - Hollywood's Tricknology: Mandingo To Malcolm X - YouTube Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:59 Tyler Perry Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:57 Tyler Perry is a world-renowned producer, director, actor, screenwriter, playwright, author, songwriter, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. Tyler Perry's Story Tyler Perry is a world-renowned producer, director, actor, screenwriter, playwright, author, songwriter, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. Read His Story Outreach Since 2006, The Perry Foundation's aim has been to transform tragedy into triumph by empowering the economically disadvantaged to achieve a better quality of life. We focus on health and clean water, education and technology, arts and culture, and globally-sustainable economic development. Get Involved Visit Website You are viewing Tyler Perry Entertainment. If you'd like to view the Tyler Perry Studios, click here. Black writers courageously staring down the white gaze '' this is why we all must read them | Stan Grant | Opinion | The Guardian Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:46 The white gaze '' it is a phrase that resonates in black American literature. Writers from WEB Du Bois to Ralph Ellison to James Baldwin and Toni Morrison have struggled with it and railed against it. As Morrison '' a Nobel Laureate '' once said: Our lives have no meaning, no depth without the white gaze. And I have spent my entire writing life trying to make sure that the white gaze was not the dominant one in any of my books. The white gaze: it traps black people in white imaginations. It is the eyes of a white schoolteacher who sees a black student and lowers expectations. It is the eyes of a white cop who sees a black person and looks twice '' or worse, feels for a gun. Du Bois explored this more than a century ago in his book The Souls of Black Folk, reflecting on his conversations with white people and the ensuing delicate dance around the ''Negro problem''. Between me and the other world there is an ever unasked question'.... All, nevertheless, flutter around it ... Instead of saying directly, how does it feel to be a problem? They say, I know an excellent coloured man in my town ... To the real question '... I answer seldom a word. Baldwin was as ever more direct and piercing, writing in his book Nobody Knows My Name. I have spent most of my life ... watching white people and outwitting them so that I might survive. The flame has passed to a new generation. In 2015 three more black writers have stared down the white gaze. In their own ways Ta-Nehisi Coates, Claudia Rankine and George Yancy have held up a mirror to white America. These are uncompromising and fearless voices. Coates' searing essay Between The World And Me critiques America against a backdrop of black deaths at the hands of police. He says the country's history is rooted in slavery and the assault against the black body. In the form of a letter to his son, Coates writes: Here is what I would like for you to know: In America it is traditional to destroy the black body '' it is heritage. In Citizen '' An American Lyric, poet Rankine reflects on the black experience from the victims of Hurricane Katrina, or Trayvon Martin, a 17 year-old black youth shot dead by a neighbourhood watch volunteer who was acquitted, or black tennis star Serena Williams. In each case Rankine sees lives framed by whiteness. She writes: Because white men can't police their imagination, black men are dying. Philosophy Professor George Yancy just last week penned a letter in the New York Times addressed to ''Dear White America''. He asks his countrymen to listen with love, and to look at those things that might cause pain and terror. All white people, he says, benefit from racism and this means each, in their own way, are racist. '...don't run to seek shelter from your own racism'...practice being vulnerable. Being neither a ''good'' white person, nor a liberal white person will get you off the proverbial hook. Their unflinching work is not tempered by the fact a black man is in the White House '' that only makes their voices more urgent. Coates, Rankine, Yancy '' each has been variously praised and awarded, yet each has been pilloried as well. This is inevitable when some people don't like what the mirror reflects. It takes courage for a black person to speak to a white world, a world that can render invisible people of colour, unless they begin to more closely resemble white people themselves '' an education, a house in the suburbs, a good job, lighter skin. In Australia, too, black voices are defying the white gaze. We may not have the popular cut through of a Morrison or a Baldwin or a Coates, but we have a proud tradition '' Oodgeroo Noonuccal, Kevin Gilbert, Ruby Langford or more recently Kim Scott, Alexis Wright, Anita Heiss. I have spent some time recently reading some of the most powerful works of Indigenous writers. Their styles and genres are many and varied but there is a common and powerful theme of defiance and survival. This is a world so instantly recognisable to us '' Indigenous people '' but still so foreign to white Australia. Natalie Harkin's book of poetry, Dirty Words, is a subversive dictionary that turns English words back on their users: A is apology, B is for Boat People '... G is for Genocide ... S for Survival. ''How do you dream,'' she writes, ''When your lucky country does not sleep''. Bruce Pascoe's Dark Emu challenges the white stereotype of the ''primitive hunter gatherer''. He says the economy and culture of Indigenous people has been grossly undervalued. He cites journals and diaries of explorers and colonists to reveal the industry and ingenuity of pre-colonial Aboriginal society. He says it is a window into a world of people building dams and wells and houses, irrigating and harvesting seed and creating elaborate cemeteries. Pascoe's work demands to be taught in our schools. Tony Birch is an acclaimed novelist and his latest Ghost River is remarkable. It is the story of two friends navigating the journey into adulthood guided by the men of the river '' men others may see as homeless and hopeless. It is a work infused with a sense of place and belonging. Ellen Van Neerven's Heat and Light is a genre-busting mystical journey into identity: sexual, racial and national. It is provocative and challenging and mind bending, and altogether stunning. You won't find many of these titles in the annual best book lists. Occasionally they pop up, but not as often as they deserve. You probably won't hear much of Samuel Wagan Watson's Love Poems and Death Threats, or Ken Canning's Yimbama, or Lionel Fogarty's Eelahroo (Long Ago) Nyah (Looking) Mobo-Mobo (Future). That these works are not more widely read is a national shame. In our busy lives, try to find time for some of these books in 2016 '' read with the courage of these writers. George Yancy asks white Americans to become ''un-sutured'', to open themselves up and let go of their white innocence. Why is this important? Well, for white people it may simply be a matter of choice '' the fate of black people may not affect them. For us it is survival '' the white gaze means we die young, are locked up and locked out of work and education. We hear a lot about recognition '' acknowledging Indigenous people in the Australian constitution. But there is another recognition '' recognising the pervasive and too often destructive role of race in our lives, and the need to lift our gaze above it. Queen | Definition of Queen by Merriam-Webster Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:40 To save this word, you'll need to log in. \ ËkwÄ'n \ 1 a : the wife or widow of a king b : the wife or widow of a tribal chief 2 a : a female monarch b : a female chieftain 3 a : a woman eminent in rank, power, or attractions a movie queen b : a goddess or a thing personified as female and having supremacy in a specified realm c : an attractive girl or woman especially : a beauty contest winner 4 : the most privileged piece of each color in a set of chessmen having the power to move in any direction across any number of unoccupied squares 5 : a playing card marked with a stylized figure of a queen 6 : the fertile fully developed female of social bees, ants, and termites whose function is to lay eggs 7 : a mature female cat kept especially for breeding 8 slang , often disparaging : a male homosexual especially : an effeminate one queened ; queening ; queens intransitive verb 1 : to act like a queen especially : to put on airs '-- usually used with it queens it over her friends 2 : to become a queen in chess the pawn queens Pan-Africanism - Wikipedia Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:37 Worldwide movement that aims to encourage and strengthen bonds of solidarity between all people of African descent Pan-Africanism is a worldwide movement that aims to encourage and strengthen bonds of solidarity between all indigenous and diasporan ethnic groups of African descent. Based on a common goal dating back to the Atlantic slave trade, the movement extends beyond continental Africans with a substantial support base among the African diaspora in the Caribbean, Latin America, the United States and Canada and Europe.[1][2] It is based on the belief that unity is vital to economic, social, and political progress and aims to "unify and uplift" people of African descent.[3] The ideology asserts that the fate of all African people and countries[clarification needed ] are intertwined. At its core Pan-Africanism is a belief that ''African people, both on the continent and in the diaspora, share not merely a common history, but a common destiny".[4] Pan-Africanist intellectual, cultural, and political movements tend to view all Africans and descendants of Africans as belonging to a single "race" and sharing cultural unity. Pan-Africanism posits a sense of a shared historical fate for Africans in the Americas, West Indies, and, on the continent itself, has centered on the Atlantic trade in slaves, African slavery, and European imperialism.[5] The Organization of African Unity (now the African Union) was established in 1963 to safeguard the sovereignty and territorial integrity of its Member States and to promote global relations within the framework of the United Nations.[6] The African Union Commission has its seat in Addis Ababa and the Pan-African Parliament has its seat in Johannesburg and Midrand. Overview [ edit ] Pan-Africanism stresses the need for "collective self-reliance".[7] Pan-Africanism exists as a governmental and grassroots objective. Pan-African advocates include leaders such as Haile Selassie, Julius Nyerere, Ahmed S(C)kou Tour(C), Kwame Nkrumah, King Sobhuza II, Thomas Sankara and Muammar Gaddafi, grassroots organizers such as Marcus Garvey and Malcolm X, academics such as W. E. B. Du Bois, and others in the diaspora.[8][9][10] Pan-Africanists believe that solidarity will enable the continent to fulfill its potential to independently provide for all its people. Crucially, an all-African alliance would empower African people globally. The realization of the Pan-African objective would lead to "power consolidation in Africa", which "would compel a reallocation of global resources, as well as unleashing a fiercer psychological energy and political assertion...that would unsettle social and political (power) structures...in the Americas".[11] Advocates of Pan-Africanism'--i.e. "Pan-Africans" or "Pan-Africanists"'--often champion socialist principles and tend to be opposed to external political and economic involvement on the continent. Critics accuse the ideology of homogenizing the experience of people of African descent. They also point to the difficulties of reconciling current divisions within countries on the continent and within communities in the diaspora.[11] History [ edit ] As a philosophy, Pan-Africanism represents the aggregation of the historical, cultural, spiritual, artistic, scientific, and philosophical legacies of Africans from past times to the present. Pan-Africanism as an ethical system traces its origins from ancient times, and promotes values that are the product of the African civilisations and the struggles against slavery, racism, colonialism, and neo-colonialism.[8] Alongside a large number of slaves insurrections, by the end of the 19th century a political movement developed across the Americas, Europe and Africa that sought to weld disparate movements into a network of solidarity, putting an end to oppression. Another important political form of a religious Pan-Africanist worldview appeared in the form of Ethiopianism.[12] In London, the Sons of Africa was a political group addressed by Quobna Ottobah Cugoano in the 1791 edition of his book Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil of Slavery. The group addressed meetings and organised letter-writing campaigns, published campaigning material and visited parliament. They wrote to figures such as Granville Sharp, William Pitt and other members of the white abolition movement, as well as King George III and the Prince of Wales, the future George IV. Modern Pan-Africanism began around the start of the 20th century. The African Association, later renamed the Pan-African Association, was established around 1897 by Henry Sylvester-Williams, who organized the First Pan-African Conference in London in 1900.[13][14][15] With the independence of Ghana in March 1957, Kwame Nkrumah was elected as the first Prime Minister and President of the State.[16] Nkrumah emerged as a major advocate for the unity of Independent Africa. The Ghanaian President embodied a political activist approach to pan-Africanism as he championed the "quest for regional integration of the whole of the African continent".[17] This period represented a "Golden Age of high pan-African ambitions"; the Continent had experienced revolution and decolonization from Western powers and the narrative of rebirth and solidarity had gained momentum within the pan-African movement.[17] Nkrumah's pan-African principles intended for a union between the Independent African states upon a recognition of their commonality (i.e. suppression under imperialism). Pan-Africanism under Nkrumah evolved past the assumptions of a racially exclusive movement associated with black Africa, and adopted a political discourse of regional unity [18] In April 1958, Nkrumah hosted the first All-African Peoples' Conference (AAPC) in Accra, Ghana. This Conference invited delegates of political movements and major political leaders. With the exception of South Africa, all Independent States of the Continent attended: Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Liberia, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia and Sudan.[18] This Conference signified a monumental event in the pan-African movement, as it revealed a political and social union between those considered Arabic states and the black African regions. Further, the Conference espoused a common African Nationalist identity, among the States, of unity and anti-Imperialism. Frantz Fanon, journalist, freedom fighter and a member of the Algerian FLN party attended the conference as a delegate for Algeria.[19] Considering the armed struggle of the FLN against French colonial rule, the attendees of the Conference agreed to support the struggle of those States under colonial oppression. This encouraged the commitment of direct involvement in the "emancipation of the Continent; thus, a fight against colonial pressures on South Africa was declared and the full support of the FLN struggle in Algeria, against French colonial rule"".[20] In the years following 1958, Accra Conference also marked the establishment of a new foreign policy of non-alignment as between the US and USSR, and the will to establish an "African Identity" in global affairs by advocating a unity between the African States on international relations. "This would be based on the Bandung Declaration, the Charter of the UN and on loyalty to UN decisions."[20] In 1959, Nkrumah, President S(C)kou Tour(C) of Guinea and President William Tubman of Liberia met at Sanniquellie and signed the Sanniquellie Declaration outlining the principles for the achievement of the unity of Independent African States whilst maintaining a national identity and autonomous constitutional structure.[21][22] The Declaration called for a revised understanding of pan-Africanism and the uniting of the Independent States. In 1960, the second All-African Peoples' Conference was held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.[23] The membership of the All-African Peoples' Organisation (AAPO) had increased with the inclusion of the "Algerian Provisional Government (as they had not yet won independence), Cameroun, Guinea, Nigeria, Somalia and the United Arab Republic".[24] The Conference highlighted diverging ideologies within the movement, as Nkrumah's call for a political and economic union between the Independent African States gained little agreement. The disagreements following 1960 gave rise to two rival factions within the pan-African movement: the Casablanca Bloc and the Brazzaville Bloc.[25] In 1962, Algeria gained independence from French colonial rule and Ahmed Ben Bella assumed Presidency. Ben Bella was a strong advocate for pan-Africanism and an African Unity. Following the FLN's armed struggle for liberation, Ben Bella spoke at the UN and espoused for Independent Africa's role in providing military and financial support to the African liberation movements opposing apartheid and fighting Portuguese colonialism.[26] In search of a united voice, in 1963 at an African Summit conference in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 32 African states met and established the Organization of African Unity (OAU). The creation of the OAU Charter took place at this Summit and defines a coordinated "effort to raise the standard of living of member States and defend their sovereignty" by supporting freedom fighters and decolonisation.[27] Thus, was the formation of the African Liberation Committee (ALC), during the 1963 Summit. Championing the support of liberation movements, was Algeria's President Ben Bella, immediately "donated 100 million francs to its finances and was one of the first countries, of the Organisation to boycott Portuguese and South African goods".[26] In 1969, Algiers hosted the Pan-African Cultural Festival, on July 21 and it continued for eight days.[28] At this moment in history, Algeria stood as a ''beacon of African and Third-World militancy,''[28] and would come to inspire fights against colonialism around the world. The festival attracted thousands from African states and the African Diaspora, including the Black Panthers. It represented the application of the tenets of the Algerian revolution to the rest of Africa, and symbolized the re-shaping of the definition of pan-African identity under the common experience of colonialism.[28] The Festival further strengthened Algeria's President, Boumediene's standing in Africa and the Third World.[28] After the death of Kwame Nkrumah in 1972, Muammar Qaddafi assumed the mantle of leader of the Pan-Africanist movement and became the most outspoken advocate of African Unity, like Nkrumah before him '' for the advent of a "United States of Africa".[29] In the United States, the term is closely associated with Afrocentrism, an ideology of African-American identity politics that emerged during the civil rights movement of the 1960s to 1970s.[30] Concept [ edit ] As originally conceived by Henry Sylvester-Williams (although some historians[who? ] credit the idea to Edward Wilmot Blyden), Pan-Africanism referred to the unity of all continental Africa.[31] During apartheid South Africa there was a Pan Africanist Congress that dealt with the oppression of Africans in South Africa under Apartheid rule. Other pan-Africanist organisations include: Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association-African Communities League, TransAfrica and the International People's Democratic Uhuru Movement. Additionally, Pan-Africanism is seen as an endeavor to return to what are deemed by its proponents as singular, traditional African concepts about culture, society, and values. Examples of this include L(C)opold S(C)dar Senghor's N(C)gritude movement, and Mobutu Sese Seko's view of Authenticit(C). An important theme running through much pan-Africanist literature concerns the historical links between different countries on the continent, and the benefits of cooperation as a way of resisting imperialism and colonialism. In the 21st century, some Pan-Africanists aim to address globalisation and the problems of environmental justice. For instance, at the conference "Pan-Africanism for a New Generation"[32] held at the University of Oxford, June 2011, Ledum Mittee, the current president of the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), argued that environmental justice movements across the African continent should create horizontal linkages in order to better protect the interests of threatened peoples and the ecological systems in which they are embedded, and upon which their survival depends. Some universities went as far as creating "Departments of Pan-African Studies" in the late 1960s. This includes the California State University, where that department was founded in 1969 as a direct reaction to the civil rights movement, and is today dedicated to "teaching students about the African World Experience", to "demonstrate to the campus and the community the richness, vibrance, diversity, and vitality of African, African American, and Caribbean cultures" and to "presenting students and the community with an Afrocentric analysis" of anti-black racism.[33]Syracuse University also offers a master's degree in "Pan African Studies".[34] Pan-African colors [ edit ] The flags of numerous states in Africa and of Pan-African groups use green, yellow and red. This colour combination was originally adopted from the 1897 flag of Ethiopia, and was inspired by the fact that Ethiopia is the continent's oldest independent nation,[35] thus making the Ethiopian green, yellow and red the closest visual representation of Pan-Africanism. This is in comparison to the Black Nationalist flag, representing political theory centred around the eugenicist caste-stratified colonial Americas.[36] The UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association) flag, is a tri-color flag consisting of three equal horizontal bands of (from top down) red, black and green. The UNIA formally adopted it on August 13, 1920,[37] during its month-long convention at Madison Square Garden in New York.[38][39] Variations of the flag have been used in various countries and territories in Africa and the Americas to represent Black Nationalist ideologies. Among these are the flags of Malawi, Kenya and Saint Kitts and Nevis. Several Pan-African organizations and movements have also often employed the emblematic red, black and green tri-color scheme in variety of contexts. Maafa studies [ edit ] Maafa is an aspect of Pan-African studies. The term collectively refers to 500 years of suffering (including the present) of people of African heritage through slavery, imperialism, colonialism, and other forms of oppression.[40][41] In this area of study, both the actual history and the legacy of that history are studied as a single discourse. The emphasis in the historical narrative is on African agents, as opposed to non-African agents.[42] Political parties and organizations [ edit ] In Africa [ edit ] Organisation of African Unity, succeeded by the African UnionAfrican Unification FrontRassemblement D(C)mocratique AfricainAll-African People's Revolutionary PartyConvention People's Party (Ghana)Pan-African Renaissance[43]Economic Freedom Fighters (South Africa)Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (South Africa)In the Caribbean [ edit ] The Pan-African Affairs Commission for Pan-African Affairs, a unit within the Office of the Prime Minister of Barbados.[44]African Society for Cultural Relations with Independent Africa (Guyana)Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement (Antigua and Barbuda)Clement Payne Movement (Barbados)Marcus Garvey People's Political Party (Jamaica)Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (Jamaica)In the United Kingdom [ edit ] Pan-African FederationIn the United States [ edit ] The Council on African Affairs (CAA): founded in 1937 by Max Yergan and Paul Robeson, the CAA was the first major U.S. organization whose focus was on providing pertinent and up-to-date information about Pan-Africanism across the United States, particularly to African Americans. Probably the most successful campaign of the Council was for South African famine relief in 1946. The CAA was hopeful that, following World War II, there would be a move towards Third World independence under the trusteeship of the United Nations.[45] To the CAA's dismay, the proposals introduced by the U.S. government to the conference in April/May 1945 set no clear limits on the duration of colonialism and no motions towards allowing territorial possessions to move towards self-government.[45] Liberal supporters abandoned the CAA, and the federal government cracked down on its operations. In 1953 the CAA was charged with subversion under the McCarran Internal Security Act. Its principal leaders, including Robeson, W. E. B. Du Bois, and Alphaeus Hunton (1903''70), were subjected to harassment, indictments, and in the case of Hunton, imprisonment. Under the weight of internal disputes, government repression, and financial hardships, the Council on African Affairs disbanded in 1955.[46]The US Organization was founded in 1965 by Maulana Karenga, following the Watts riots. It is based on the synthetic African philosophy of kawaida, and is perhaps best known for creating Kwanzaa and the Nguzo Saba ("seven principles"). In the words of its founder and chair, Karenga, "the essential task of our organization Us has been and remains to provide a philosophy, a set of principles and a program which inspires a personal and social practice that not only satisfies human need but transforms people in the process, making them self-conscious agents of their own life and liberation".[47]Pan-African concepts and philosophies [ edit ] Afrocentric Pan-Africanism [ edit ] Afrocentric Pan-Africanism is espoused by Kwabena Faheem Ashanti in his book The Psychotechnology of Brainwashing: Crucifying Willie Lynch. Another newer movement that has evolved from the early Afrocentric school is the Afrisecal movement or Afrisecaism of Francis Ohanyido, a Nigerian philosopher-poet.[48] Black Nationalism is sometimes associated with this form of pan-Africanism. Kawaida [ edit ] Hip hop [ edit ] Since the late 1970s, hip hop has emerged as a powerful force that has partly shaped black identity worldwide. In his 2005 article "Hip-hop Turns 30: Whatcha Celebratin' For?", Greg Tate describes hip-hop culture as the product of a Pan-African state of mind. It is an "ethnic enclave/empowerment zone that has served as a foothold for the poorest among us to get a grip on the land of the prosperous".[49] Hip-hop unifies those of African descent globally in its movement towards greater economic, social and political power. Andreana Clay in her article "Keepin' it Real: Black Youth, Hip-Hop Culture, and Black Identity" states that hip-hop provides the world with "vivid illustrations of Black lived experience", creating bonds of black identity across the globe.[50] From a Pan-African perspective, Hip-Hop Culture can be a conduit to authenticate a black identity, and in doing so, creates a unifying and uplifting force among Africans that Pan-Africanism sets out to achieve. Pan-African art [ edit ] Further information on pan-African film festivals see: FESPACO and PAFFSee also [ edit ] Literature [ edit ] Hakim Adi & Marika Sherwood, Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora Since 1787, London: Routledgem 2003.Imanuel Geiss, Panafrikanismus. Zur Geschichte der Dekolonisation. Habilitation, EVA, Frankfurt am Main, 1968, English as: The Pan-African Movement, London: Methuen, 1974, ISBN 0-416-16710-1, and as: The Pan-African Movement. A history of Pan-Africanism in America, Europe and Africa, New York: Africana Publ., 1974, ISBN 0-8419-0161-9.Colin Legum, Pan-Africanism: A Short Political Guide, revised edition, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1965.Tony Martin, Pan-African Connection: From Slavery to Garvey and Beyond, Dover: The Majority Press, 1985.References [ edit ] ^ Austin, David (Fall 2007). "All Roads Led to Montreal: Black Power, the Caribbean and the Black Radical Tradition in Canada". Journal of African American History. 92 (4): 516''539 . Retrieved March 30, 2019 . ^ Oloruntoba-Oju, Omotayo (December 2012). "Pan Africanism, Myth and History in African and Caribbean Drama". Journal of Pan African Studies. 5 (8): 190 ff. ^ Frick, Janari, et al. (2006), History: Learner's Book, p. 235, South Africa: New Africa Books. ^ Makalani, Minkah (2011), "Pan-Africanism". Africana Age. ^ New Dictionary of the History of Ideas. The Gale Group, Inc. 2005. ^ About the African Union Archived January 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. ^ "The objectives of the PAP", The Pan-African Parliament '' 2014 and beyond. ^ a b Falola, Toyin; Essien, Kwame (2013). Pan-Africanism, and the Politics of African Citizenship and Identity. London: Routledge. pp. 71''72. ISBN 1135005192 . Retrieved September 26, 2015 . ^ Goebel, Anti-Imperial Metropolis, pp. 250''278. ^ Maguire, K., "Ghana re-evaluates Nkrumah", GlobalPost, October 21, 2009. Retrieved September 13, 2012. ^ a b Agyeman, O., Pan-Africanism and Its Detractors: A Response to Harvard's Race Effacing Universalists, Harvard University Press (1998), cited in Mawere, Munyaradzi; Tapuwa R. Mubaya, African Philosophy and Thought Systems: A Search for a Culture and Philosophy of Belonging, Langaa RPCIG (2016), p. 89. ISBN 9789956763016. Retrieved August 23, 2018. ^ "Pan-Africanism". exhibitions.nypl.org . Retrieved February 16, 2017 . ^ "A history of Pan-Africanism", New Internationalist, 326, August 2000. ^ The History of Pan Africanism, PADEAP (Pan African Development Education and Advocacy Programme). ^ Lubin, Alex, "The Contingencies of Pan-Africanism", Geographies of Liberation: The Making of an Afro-Arab Political Imaginary, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014, p. 71. ^ Smith-Asante, E., "Biography of Ghana's first President, Dr Kwame Nkrumah", Graphic Online, March 8, 2016. Retrieved March 23, 2017. ^ a b Mkandawire, P. (2005). African Intellectuals: Rethinking Politics, Language, Gender and Development, Dakar: Codesria/London: Zed Books, p. 58. Retrieved March 23, 2017. ^ a b Legum, C. (1965). Pan-Africanism: a short political guide, New York, etc.: Frederick A. Praeger, p. 41. ^ Adi, H., & M. Sherwood (2003). Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora Since 1787, London: Routledge, p. 66. ^ a b Legum (1965). Pan-Africanism, p. 42. ^ Adi & Sherwood (2003). Pan-African History, p. 179. ^ Legum (1965), Pan-Africanism, p. 45. ^ Legum (1965). Pan-Africanism, p. 46. ^ Legum (1965), Pan-Africanism, p. 47. ^ Martin, G. (2012). African Political Thought, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ^ a b Adi & Sherwood (2003), Pan-African History, p. 10. ^ "African states unite against white rule", ON THIS DAY | May25. BBC News. Retrieved March 23, 2017. ^ a b c d Evans, M., & J. Phillips (2008). Algeria: Anger of the Dispossessed, Yale University Press, pp. 97''98. ^ Martin, G. (December 23, 2012). African Political Thought. Springer. ISBN 9781137062055. ^ See e.g. Ronald W. Walters, Pan Africanism in the African Diaspora: An Analysis of Modern Afrocentric Political Movements, African American Life Series, Wayne State University Press, 1997, p. 68. ^ Campbell, Crystal Z. (December 2006). "Sculpting a Pan-African Culture in the Art of N(C)gritude: A Model for African Artist" (PDF) . The Journal of Pan African Studies. Archived from the original on June 1, 2015. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link) ^ Oxford University African Society Conference, Corpus Christi College, Oxford University, May 5, 2012. ^ "About Us". Csus.edu . Retrieved October 15, 2015 . ^ The M.A. in Pan African Studies Archived October 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, African American Studies at Syracuse University. ^ Smith, Whitney (2001). Flag Lore of All Nations . Millbrook Press. p. 36. ISBN 0761317538 . Retrieved October 7, 2014 . ^ Lionel K., McPherson; Shelby, Tommie (Spring 2004). "Blackness and Blood: Interpreting African American Identity" (PDF) . Philosophy and Public Affairs. 32: 171''192. ^ Wikisource contributors, "The Declaration of the Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World", Wikisource, The Free Library. (Retrieved October 6, 2007). ^ "25,000 Negroes Convene: International Gathering Will Prepare Own Bill of Rights", The New York Times, August 2, 1920. Proquest. Retrieved October 5, 2007. ^ "Negroes Adopt Bill Of Rights: Convention Approves Plan for African Republic and Sets to Work on Preparation of Constitution of the Colored Race Negro Complaints Aggression Condemned Recognition Demanded". The Christian Science Monitor, August 17, 1920. Proquest. Retrieved October 5, 2007. ^ "What Holocaust". "Glenn Reitz". Archived from the original on October 18, 2007. ^ "The Maafa, African Holocaust". Swagga. ^ Ogunleye, Tolagbe (1997). "African American Folklore: Its Role in Reconstructing African American History". Journal of Black Studies. 27 (4): 435''455. ISSN 0021-9347. ^ "Pan-African Renaissance". ^ Rodney Worrell (2005). Pan-Africanism in Barbados: An Analysis of the Activities of the Major 20th-century Pan-African Formations in Barbados. New Academia Publishing, LLC. pp. 99''102. ISBN 978-0-9744934-6-6. ^ a b Duberman, Martin. Paul Robeson, 1989, pp. 296''97. ^ "Council on African Affairs", African Activist Archive. ^ "Philosophy, Principles, and Program". The Organization Us. ^ "Francis Okechukwu Ohanyido". African Resource. ^ Tate, Greg, "Hip-hop Turns 30: Whatcha Celebratin' For?", Village Voice, January 4, 2005. ^ Clay, Andreana. "Keepin' it Real: Black Youth, Hip-Hop Culture, and Black Identity". In American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 46.10 (2003): 1346''58. External links [ edit ] SNCC Digital Gateway: Pan-Africanism'--Digital documentary website created by the SNCC Legacy Project and Duke University, telling the story of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee & grassroots organizing from the inside-outAfrican UnionAfrican Code Unity Through DiversityA-APRP WebsiteThe Major Pan-African news and articles siteProfessor David Murphy (November 15, 2015). "The Performance of Pan-Africanism: performing black identity at major pan-African festivals, 1966''2010" (Podcast). The University of Edinburgh . Retrieved January 28, 2016 '' via Soundcloud. Ebro Darden - Wikipedia Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:36 Ebro Darden BornIbrahim Jamil Darden ( 1975-03-17 ) March 17, 1975 (age 44) NationalityAmericanOccupationMedia executiveradio personalityYears active1990''presentKnown forHot 97 radio personalityBeats1 DJChildren1Websitewww.EbroDarden.comIbrahim "Ebro" Darden (born March 17, 1975) is an American media executive and radio personality. Until 2014, he was Vice President of Programming for Emmis Communications' New York contemporary urban station WQHT (Hot 97). He is currently a co-host on the Hot 97 morning show, Ebro in the Morning, alongside Peter Rosenberg, and Laura Stylez. As of 2015, Darden also hosts a hip hop music-based radio show on Beats 1. Early life [ edit ] Darden was born to a black father and a Jewish mother. He attended a Pentecostal church and Hebrew school while growing up in Oakland and Sacramento.[1] Career [ edit ] Start in radio [ edit ] Darden began his career in radio in 1990 at KSFM in Sacramento, California, while he was still a teenager. At KSFM he worked in research and as a sales runner until moving into programming as an intern, and later co-hosting for KSFM's night and morning shows. In 1997, he worked at KBMB in Sacramento as Programming and Music Director, as well as an afternoon host. Eventually, Darden became Operations Manager at KBMB, while also co-hosting mornings at KXJM in Portland, Oregon, in 1999. Hot 97 [ edit ] In 2003, Darden became Music Director for WQHT, ultimately becoming the Program Director for the station in 2007.[2][3][4] Darden worked alongside several past WQHT Hot 97 morning show co-hosts including Star and Bucwild, Miss Jones, DJ Envy, Sway, and Joe Budden from 2004 to 2007, and introduced Cipha Sounds and Peter Rosenberg to the AM drive in 2009. He rejoined the Hot 97 Morning Show in 2012, alongside Cipha Sounds, Peter Rosenberg, and Laura Stylez. As Programming Director and on-air host, Darden was the main voice of several events at Hot 97 including Nicki Minaj's relationship with the station, and her alleged sexual relationship with the host; Hurricane Sandy; and Mister Cee's personal life.[5] In 2014, VH1 announced a new unscripted comedy series, This Is Hot 97, which featured Darden and fellow hosts including Angie Martinez, Funkmaster Flex, Peter Rosenberg, Cipha Sounds, Miss Info, and Laura Stylez.[6] Beats 1 [ edit ] In addition to his current on-air role at Hot 97, Darden is now one of three anchor DJs on Beats 1, an Internet radio service from Apple Music. Feuds and controversy [ edit ] A comedic rivalry between Darden and fellow accomplished radio personality Charlamagne Tha God of Power 105.1 has been ongoing for years. In May 2017, Darden clarified their relationship, stating, "The stuff we do on the radio is stupid. It's for fun. I make fun of you for fun. That's it. It's not that deep... me and that dude don't have a personal problem... a personal relationship".[7] Darden was mentioned in Remy Ma's "shETHER" diss track, on which Ma insinuated that he slept with Nicki Minaj by stating "Coke head, you cheated on your man with Ebro". After jokingly going back and forth with both Ma and her husband Papoose on social media, Darden denied the rumors, stating that he and Minaj had only a professional relationship.[8] Ebro has been in an ongoing feud with Brooklyn artist 6ix9ine. Ebro made fun of 6ix9ine as looking like a clown and criticized him for bragging about streaming numbers,[9] and 6ix9ine responded on the song "Stoopid" with the line "That nigga Ebro, he a bitch/Just another old nigga on a young nigga dick." [10] Personal life [ edit ] Darden has a daughter, Isa, who was born in 2014.[11] Recognition [ edit ] In 2013, he was recognized by Radio Ink as a future African American leader.[12] Filmography [ edit ] References [ edit ] Queen & Slim (2019) - IMDb Mon, 02 Dec 2019 12:13 3 nominations. See more awards >> Learn more More Like This Comedy | Crime | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.1 / 10 X A detective investigates the death of a patriarch of an eccentric, combative family. Director:Rian Johnson Stars:Daniel Craig,Chris Evans,Ana de Armas Action | Crime | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.6 / 10 X An embattled NYPD detective is thrust into a citywide manhunt for a pair of cop killers after uncovering a massive and unexpected conspiracy. Director:Brian Kirk Stars:Chadwick Boseman,Sienna Miller,J.K. Simmons Action | Biography | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.5 / 10 X The extraordinary tale of Harriet Tubman's escape from slavery and transformation into one of America's greatest heroes, whose courage, ingenuity, and tenacity freed hundreds of slaves and changed the course of history. Director:Kasi Lemmons Stars:Cynthia Erivo,Leslie Odom Jr.,Joe Alwyn Biography | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.9 / 10 X Based on the true story of a real-life friendship between Fred Rogers and journalist Tom Junod. Director:Marielle Heller Stars:Tom Hanks,Matthew Rhys,Chris Cooper Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.2 / 10 X A young actor's stormy childhood and early adult years as he struggles to reconcile with his father and deal with his mental health. Director:Alma Har'el Stars:Shia LaBeouf,Lucas Hedges,Noah Jupe Drama | Romance | Sport 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.7 / 10 X Traces the journey of a suburban family - led by a well-intentioned but domineering father - as they navigate love, forgiveness, and coming together in the aftermath of a loss. Director:Trey Edward Shults Stars:Taylor Russell,Kelvin Harrison Jr.,Alexa Demie Comedy | Drama | War 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.1 / 10 X A young boy in Hitler's army finds out his mother is hiding a Jewish girl in their home. Director:Taika Waititi Stars:Roman Griffin Davis,Thomasin McKenzie,Scarlett Johansson Action | Crime | Drama 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5.7 / 10 X A rookie New Orleans police officer is forced to balance her identity as a black woman after she witnesses two corrupt cops committing murder. Director:Deon Taylor Stars:Naomie Harris,Frank Grillo,Mike Colter Biography | Drama | History 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.3 / 10 X A corporate defense attorney takes on an environmental lawsuit against a chemical company that exposes a lengthy history of pollution. Director:Todd Haynes Stars:Anne Hathaway,Mark Ruffalo,William Jackson Harper Drama | Fantasy | Horror 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.3 / 10 X Two lighthouse keepers try to maintain their sanity while living on a remote and mysterious New England island in the 1890s. Director:Robert Eggers Stars:Willem Dafoe,Robert Pattinson,Valeriia Karaman Crime | Drama | Mystery 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.5 / 10 X Consummate con man Roy Courtnay has set his sights on his latest mark: the recently widowed Betty McLeish, worth millions. But this time, what should have been a simple swindle escalates into a cat-and-mouse game with the ultimate stakes. Director:Bill Condon Stars:Helen Mirren,Ian McKellen,Russell Tovey Crime | Drama | Mystery 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7.1 / 10 X In 1950s New York, a lonely private detective afflicted with Tourette's Syndrome ventures to solve the murder of his mentor and only friend. Director:Edward Norton Stars:Edward Norton,Gugu Mbatha-Raw,Alec Baldwin Edit Storyline Slim and Queen's first date takes an unexpected turn when a policeman pulls them over for a minor traffic violation. When the situation escalates, Slim takes the officer's gun and shoots him in self-defence. Now labelled cop killers in the media, Slim and Queen feel that they have no choice but to go on the run and evade the law. When a video of the incident goes viral, the unwitting outlaws soon become a symbol of trauma, terror, grief and pain for people all across the country Written bystmc-25959 Plot Summary | Add Synopsis Motion Picture Rating (MPAA) Rated R for violence, some strong sexuality, nudity, pervasive language, and brief drug use. | See all certifications >> Edit Details Release Date: 27 November 2019 (USA) See more >> Edit Box Office Opening Weekend USA: $11,700,000, 1 December 2019 Gross USA: $15,810,000 Cumulative Worldwide Gross: $15,810,000 See more on IMDbPro >> Company Credits Technical Specs Runtime: 131 min Aspect Ratio: 2.39 : 1 See full technical specs >> Edit Did You Know? Trivia First feature film to be directed by Melina Matsoukas, who has previously only directed music videos and TV episodes. See more >> Quotes Slim :Are you tryin' to die? Queen :No. I just always wanted to do that. Slim :Well, don't do it while I'm drivin' Queen :You should try it. Slim :Nah, I'm good. Queen :Pull over. Slim :Na-ah. Queen :Come on! Pull over. Pull over! Slim :If I do, would you please, let me drive the rest of the way it is? Queen :Swear to God. [...] See more >> Explore popular and recently added TV series available to stream now with Prime Video. Start your free trial Music in this episode Intro: Puff Daddy - It's all about the benjamins Outro: Blue Magic - Sideshow Donate to the show at moefundme.com Search for us in your podcast directory or use this link to subscribe to the feed Podcast Feed For more information: MoeFactz.com

This month Laura and Will discuss Sophia Parnok, the incredible Russian Poetess, and Laura recommends The Devouring Gray. The Sophia Parnok "sonic portrait"  Designs: https://www.redbubble.com/people/queerhistory/works/40867917-e-m-forster-quote?p=art-print&asc=u https://www.redbubble.com/people/queerhistory/works/40867965-alice-bloch-quote?p=clock&asc=u  Sources: Eric J. (June 11, 2014) Kitka sings hidden poems of Sophia Parnok, "Russia's Sappho" Retrieved March 30, 2017 http://kalw.org/post/kitka-sings-hidden-poems-sophia-parnok-russias-sappho CBC (February 7, 2014) Gay and lesbian Russian writers you should know: Sophia Parnok Retrieved March 30, 2017 http://www.cbc.ca/books/2014/02/gay-and-lesbian-russian-writers-you-should-know-sophia-parnok.html Diana B. (March 30, 2017) Sophia Parnok and the Writing of a Lesbian Poet'sLife Retrieved March 30, 2017 http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.macewan.ca/stable/pdf/2499528.pdf Diana B. (1995) Parnok, Sophia (1885-1933) Retrieved March 30, 2017 http://content.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.macewan.ca/ContentServer.asp?EbscoContent=dGJyMNLe80Seqa44y9fwOLCmr0%2Bep7ZSsK24SbOWxWXS&ContentCustomer=dGJyMPGqt0uyrLVRuePfgeyx43zx1%2B6B&T=P&P=AN&S=R&D=qth&K=70639890 Laura M. (March 4, 2016) Sappho, the Poetess Retrieved April 3, 2017 https://www.makingqueerhistory.com/articles/sappho Queercult (December 6, 2010) Sophia Parnok Retrieved March 30, 2017 https://queercult.com/2010/12/06/sophia-parnok/

Will is back, and recommending Drama Moth! https://dramamoth.bandcamp.com/     [Disclaimer: some of the sources may contain triggering material.] Robert T. (July 28, 2005) A fatwa for transsexuals. Retrieved March 15, 2017 http://www.salon.com/2005/07/28/iran_transsexuals/ Nazila F. (August 2, 2004) As Repression Eases, More Iranians Change Their Sex. Retrieved March 15, 2017 http://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/02/world/as-repression-eases-more-iranians-change-their-sex.html The Independent (November 24, 2004) The Ayatollah and the transsexual. Retrieved March 15, 2017 http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/the-ayatollah-and-the-transsexual-21867.html Dan L. (December 4, 2012) Iran performed over 1,000 gender reassignment operations in four years. Retrieved March 15, 2017 http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/iran-performed-over-1000-gender-reassignment-operations-four-years041212/#gs.r3IZVms OutRight (2016) Human Rights Report Being Transgender in Iran. Retrieved March 15, 2017 https://www.outrightinternational.org/sites/default/files/OutRightTransReport.pdf  

This month we talk about Yona Wallach, and Laura recommends The Ghost Wall by Sarah Moss. https://www.sarahmoss.org/ghost-wall/ [Disclaimer: some of the sources may contain triggering material.] Sela, M. (June 15, 2012) Thirty Years After Yona Wallach's 'Tefillin' Was Published, the Poem and Photo Remain as Provocative as Ever Retrieved March 10, 2017 http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/thirty-years-after-yona-wallach-s-tefillin-was-publishedthe-poem-and-photo-remain-as-provocative-as-ever.premium-1.436587 Bernstein, C. (June 12, 2014) Yona Wallach (June 10, 1944 – September 29, 1985) RetrievedMarch 10, 2017 http://jacket2.org/commentary/yona-wallach Cohen, Z. YONA WALLACH 1944 – 1985. Retrieved March 11, 2017 https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/wallach-yona Tsoffar, R. STAGING SEXUALITY, READING WALLACH’S POETRY. Retrieved March 11, 2017 http://wjudaism.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/wjudaism/article/viewFile/276/331 Investigation and Fantasies. (October 4, 2013) Yona Wallach as Last of the Hebrews Retrieved March 11, 2017 https://investigationsandfantasies.com/2013/10/04/33/ Rattok, L. Israeli Women's Writing in Hebrew: 1948-2004. Retrieved March 11, 2017 https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/israeli-womens-writing-in-hebrew-1948-2004

In this very first episode of Infested, we covered unique aspects of flea biology such as solenophagy, high strength legs and jumping capabilities through resilin protein, the benefits of having a laterally compressed body, as well as speciation through genal and pronotal combs. We covered the flea life cycle starting from the egg through to adult emergence including how pupae can survive dormant for years and will rapidly emerge with new host signs. One of the diseases that we discussed was plague, specifically Bubonic plague. Bubonic plague is caused by the transmission of Yersinia pestis bacteria into a vertebrate host through an infected flea bite. The bacteria are regurgitated into the host as the flea tries to take a blood meal while the bacteria forms a thick blockage in its upper digestive tract. We discussed some of the symptoms of plague as well as the historical implications of plague as it has consistently shaped history. Plague is still around today, including endemic levels in the Southwestern United States in enzootic cycles with small mammals like prairie dogs and squirrels. The second disease we dove into was murine typhus also known as flea-borne typhus. Murine typhus is caused by Rickettsia typhii and has many symptoms to other diseases which can make it easy to misdiagnose. We highlighted the current epidemic of murine typhus in California as well as how specific groups are targeted with blame for the epidemic. We talked about vector-borne disease can perpetuate inequality and societal discrimination: a theme that is central to this podcast!   Below is our source material for further reading and exploration! We’ve broken it up into books, peer-reviewed journal articles, and media sources for easy searching.   Thank you for listening! Want to stay in the loop with us on social media? Instagram: @infestedpodcast Twitter: @infestedpodcast // Lindsay’s Twitter:  @Baxter.Lindsay Email: Infestedpodcast@gmail.com   This podcast is produced and edited by Lindsay Baxter and Bailey Willett. Their views and opinions are theirs and do not reflect the institution for which they are employed.   Books Gottfried, R. S. 1983. The black death. Natural and human disaster in medieval europe. The Free Press, New York, N.Y.   Peer Reviewed Sources   Achtman, M., Zurth, K., Morelli, G., Torrea, G., Guiyoule, A., & Carniel, E. (1999). Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, is a recently emerged clone of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96(24), 14043–14048. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.24.14043 Azad, A. F. (1990). Epidemiology of Murine Typhus. Annual Review of Entomology, 35(1), 553–570. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.35.010190.003005 Basra, G., Berman, M. A., & Blanton, L. S. (2012). Murine Typhus: An Important Consideration for the Nonspecific Febrile Illness. Case Reports in Medicine, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/134601 Burroughs, A. L. (1947). Sylvatic plague studies. The vector efficiency of nine species of fleas compared with Xenopsylla cheopis. Epidemiology & Infection, 45(3), 371–396. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022172400014042 Chain, P. S. G., Carniel, E., Larimer, F. W., Lamerdin, J., Stoutland, P. O., Regala, W. M., … Garcia, E. (2004). Insights into the evolution of Yersinia pestis through whole-genome comparison with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101(38), 13826–13831. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0404012101 Civen, R., & Ngo, V. (2008). Murine Typhus: An Unrecognized Suburban Vectorborne Disease. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 46(6), 913–918. https://doi.org/10.1086/527443 Galimand, M., Guiyoule, A., Gerbaud, G., Rasoamanana, B., Chanteau, S., Carniel, E., & Courvalin, P. (1997). Multidrug Resistance in Yersinia pestis Mediated by a Transferable Plasmid. New England Journal of Medicine, 337(10), 677–681. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199709043371004 Gage, K. L., & Kosoy, M. Y. (2005). NATURAL HISTORY OF PLAGUE: Perspectives from More than a Century of Research. Annual Review of Entomology, 50(1), 505–528. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.50.071803.130337 Hardy, A. (1988). Urban famine or urban crisis? Typhus in the Victorian city. Medical History, 32(04), 401–425. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300048523 Peniche Lara, G., Dzul-Rosado, K. R., Zavala Velázquez, J. E., & Zavala-Castro, J. (n.d.). Murine Typhus. Colombia Médica : CM, 43(2), 175–180. Perry and Fetherston - 1997 - Yersinia pestis--etiologic agent of plague..pdf. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://cmr.asm.org/content/cmr/10/1/35.full.pdf Perry, R. D., & Fetherston, J. D. (1997). Yersinia pestis--etiologic agent of plague. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 10(1), 35–66. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.10.1.35 Randremanana, R., Andrianaivoarimanana, V., Nikolay, B., Ramasindrazana, B., Paireau, J., Bosch, Q. A. ten, … Rajerison, M. (2019). Epidemiological characteristics of an urban plague epidemic in Madagascar, August–November, 2017: an outbreak report. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30730-8 Reeves, W. K., Murray, K. O., Meyer, T. E., Bull, L. M., Pascua, R. F., Holmes, K. C., & Loftis, A. D. (2008). Serological evidence of typhus group rickettsia in a homeless population in Houston, Texas. Journal of Vector Ecology, 33(1), 205–207. https://doi.org/10.3376/1081-1710(2008)33[205:SEOTGR]2.0.CO;2 Ritzmann, I. (1998). [The Black Death as a cause of the massacres of Jews: a myth of medical history?]. Medizin, Gesellschaft, Und Geschichte: Jahrbuch Des Instituts Fur Geschichte Der Medizin Der Robert Bosch Stiftung, 17, 101–130. Schriefer, M. E., Sacci, J. B., Taylor, J. P., Higgins, J. A., & Azad, A. F. (1994). Murine Typhus: Updated Roles of Multiple Urban Components and a Second Typhuslike Rickettsia. Journal of Medical Entomology, 31(5), 681–685. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/31.5.681 Typhus reaches “epidemic levels” in parts of Los Angeles. (n.d.). Retrieved February 21, 2019, from https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/typhus-reaches-epidemic-levels-parts-los-angeles-area-n917271 Walker, D. H., & Fishbein, D. B. (1991). Epidemiology of rickettsial diseases. European Journal of Epidemiology, 7(3), 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00145672 Whiteford, S. F., Taylor, J. P., & Dumler, J. S. (2001). Clinical, Laboratory, and Epidemiologic Features of Murine Typhus in 97 Texas Children. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 155(3), 396–400. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.155.3.396   Popular Media Sources   CNN, J. H. (n.d.). Flea-borne typhus spreads across LA area. Retrieved March 26, 2019, from CNN website: https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/08/health/typhus-epidemic-los-angeles-bn/index.html Department of Public Health - Acute Communicable Disease Control. (n.d.). Retrieved March 26, 2019, from http://www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/acd/vectortyphus.htm Filip, I. (2014, April 11). Avoiding the Black Plague Today. Retrieved April 3, 2019, from The Atlantic website: https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/04/avoiding-black-plague-today/360475/ Plague | Plague | CDC. (2018, November 27). Retrieved April 3, 2019, from https://www.cdc.gov/plague/index.html Outbreak of “medieval” typhus in Los Angeles spreads from homeless communities. (2019, February 4). [MovingImage]. Retrieved February 21, 2019, from http://video.foxnews.com/v/5998442627001/ Jones, J. (2012, February 15). Brush with the Black Death: how artists painted through the plague. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/jonathanjonesblog/2012/feb/15/brush-black-death-artists-plague

Welcome to Listen. Learn. Live. (in no particular order). I’m your host, Joel Stange. Today I’ve decided to talk about some of the key themes outlined in my essay on climate change. The title of my paper was: The Collective Heroic Quest for Climate Change Education. In it I discuss why we need good climate change education. I also consider how we should do this. Also, because I’m an administrator and I really want to make a difference in my school, I’ll outline some of the ways I feel principals can implement climate change education in their schools.   If you would like to read my essay, please contact me directly. Thank you for taking the time to listen to my podcast, Joel Stange Sources: Greta Thunberg full speech at UN Climate Change COP24 Conference, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFkQSGyeCWg  Canada is warming at twice the global rate, report says, https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/01/health/canada-global-warming/index.html  'Unprecedented' wildfires force out 13,000 Sask. Evacuees, https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/unprecedented-wildfires-force-out-13-000-sask-evacuees-1.3139554 What’s really warming the world?, https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-whats-warming-the-world/ Nations Are Not Reducing Emissions Quickly Enough to Meet 2C Target, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nations-are-not-reducing-emissions-quickly-enough-to-meet-2c-target/ Plutzer, E., McCaffrey, M., Hannah, A. L., Rosenau, J., Berbeco, M., & Reid, A. H. (2016). Climate confusion among US teachers. Science, 351(6274), 664-665.  ACE, https://engage4climate.org/ace-action-for-climate-empowerment/ Plutzer, E., McCaffrey, M., Hannah, A. L., Rosenau, J., Berbeco, M., & Reid, A. H. (2016). Climate confusion among US teachers. Science, 351(6274), 664-665.    Farrell, J. (2015). Network structure and the influence of the climate change counter-movement. Nature Climate Change, 6, 370-374.   Shellenberger, M., YouTube. (January 4, 2019), Why renewables can’t save the planet, Retrieved March 23, 2019, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N-yALPEpV4w&list=WL&index=4&t=0s  Callison, C. (2014). Introduction, In How climate change comes to matter: The communal facts of life (pp. 1-38). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.  Marshall, G. (2015). Don't even think about it: Why our brains are wired to ignore climate change. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. 

You heard many headlines, mass shootings happening across our nation. More people want to prevent these atrocities, law enforcement does too. However, this issue can create problems because some of those mass shootings aren’t carried away by ideological or fanatics of some sort. Investigations have concluded people with extreme mental illnesses have committed these crimes. In some cases, family members of those responsible failed to see the signs of an imminent attack. Those with mental illnesses didn’t wake up one day and said, “Hey, I’m mentally ill, let’s go and hurt people.” In fact, many people with mental illnesses will never hurt another human being. In his book, author Gavin de Becker, “The Gift of Fear,” explains humans have developed a tremendous tool which can guarantee their survival. Some of us, police officers, call FEAR a “gut-feeling” or instinct. Gut-feelings is a predecessor of reasonable suspicion. You know something is wrong, but you don’t exactly what’s going on. What do you do? You ask more questions, dig deeper, and find what were you looking for. The same is for our court system, lawmakers believe if you just feel someone is a threat, then we must take their guns away. These lawmakers started new laws, known as Red Flag Gun Laws. What Are Red Flag Gun Laws? “Extreme Risk Protection Order” (ERPO), also known as Red Flag Gun Laws, is a legislative statute. Red Flag Gun Laws allow law enforcement to strip anyone with mental illnesses from possessing firearms while undergoing evaluation. Police officers will have submit an application for a warrant with a judge. After the judge finds credible and substantial facts, any person is a danger to themselves and others, officers might seize firearms for an unknown time frame. Is this really a violation of their due process rights? Well, the idea is complicated. In some states, ERPOs can only be filed by police, while in other states like California or Maryland, spouses, roommates and close relatives can ask courts to remove firearms out of safety concerns. While removing firearms can be seen as a violation of our second amendment right, many law enforcement officers expressed their desire for a fair due process and using “the totality of the circumstances” before taking firearms away according to “Policing Matters” podcast. While reading some comments, many highlighted, for example, some officers weren’t satisfied with states who lack mental health resources. As police officers, we encounter mentally ill people who are in distress or seeking help. Nevertheless, depending on where you patrol, some of those resources aren’t there. Which leaves those sick people finding relief by using legal and illegal controlled substances. Even the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) could be detrimental preventing crimes. Physicians or mental health professionals may inform law enforcement when they believe a person might be a risk for violence. If one of those professionals knew a person might be planning an attack, police could investigate. In a brochure published by the American Hospital Association, they specify hospitals don’t have to share information if they don’t feel is necessary. “A hospital may not disclose patient information to avert a serious threat to health or safety if the information was obtained in the course of treatment to affect the propensity to commit criminal conduct; counseling or therapy; or through the individual’s request for such treatment, counseling, or therapy.” Another officer expressed concerns about taking property from mentally ill people. This officer stated it was better evaluate the ill person at a mental facility than just taking weapons away. This officer made a good point, mentally ill people who have clearly shown violent tendencies will find a way to harm others. Other weapons could be vehicles, knives, improvised explosive devices, etc. Again, we're going back, a reform is needed for our current mental health laws and accommodations for mentally ill people. Many states already had provisions in their laws which helped law enforcement officers seize firearms. My home state of Texas, in clearly specifies in the Health and Safety Code, Chapter 573, guidelines for officers for firearms confiscations from mentally ill people. When there is a substantial risk of serious harm to the person or to others unless the person is immediately restrained and believes that there is not sufficient time to obtain a warrant before taking the person into custody. The officer can take the distressed person into custody for evaluation. Substantial risk is justified by current behavior or evidence of severe emotional distress and deterioration in mental condition to the extent that the person cannot remain at liberty. These facts can be obtained from a credible person or officer’s observations. The officer shall immediately transport the person to a hospital, mental health facility, or jail where mental health professional must evaluate the person who was detained. The statue then expands to the seizing of the firearms by saying: A peace officer may immediately seize any firearm found in possession of the person. After seizing a firearm under this subsection, the peace officer shall comply with the requirements of Article 18.191, Code of Criminal Procedure. Then officers shall issue a receipt to the detained person stating which weapons were taken accompanied by a written notice of the procedure for the return of firearms. The agency then needs to notify via mail, no later than the 15th day, to the closest relative how this person can retrieve the guns being held by the law enforcement agency. As you see, in Texas, officers will seize firearms but will attempt to return those guns for safekeeping. This statue emphasizes due process as well as our right to bear arms. People are medically treated, but property won’t be kept by government officials. Texas goes even further by protecting people’s rights. If patients couldn’t get anyone to take his/her guns for safekeeping. The agency must sell any weapons through an authorized gun dealer, and all proceeds of any sale must go into the rightful owner’s account! Let me walk you through an example, let’s say you just went through a traumatic event like a burglary or an extreme domestic violence case. Based on Texas law, if you suffer an emotional disturbance, like PTSD, where your family or law enforcement believe your best course of action is a mental health facility. Law Enforcement officers will seize any guns at home, but immediately transfer them to any person you designate. If you are evaluated and medical professionals believe this was an isolated incident, all weapons can lawfully be returned back. Though, in those states with Red Flag Gun Laws, this process could take longer, placing you at risk. Think about this, if you just went over any of those scenarios and you feel you ex might come over and attack you at night. Would be safer for you to defend herself, and not cookie-cut specific circumstance as with Red Flag Gun Laws indicate? Every situation is different, and each jurisdiction should have the freedom to analyze, investigate, and conclude our best action for each person who is suffering mental distress episodes for the safety of the community. Although, research in Connecticut shown Red Flag Gun Laws had reduced suicides since 1999 when this law was enacted. Taking this information into consideration, Red Flag Gun Laws should also consider our rights of into account not only numbers. Many people believe if they seek help for their depression and possible suicide thoughts, their second amendment will be dismissed and their weapons will be confiscated. Currently, Title 18 U.S.C. Section 922(g)(4) stated a person who is committed to a mental institution voluntarily won’t find themselves disqualified for the ownership of firearms. Consequences of Red Flag Gun Laws Back in 2018, Maryland law enforcement officers attempted an execution of a seizure warrant on a man with mental health problems. While speaking with the subject, one officer began executing the order. This conversation prompted a confrontation which ended his life. One officer shot the homeowner because he didn’t want to let go of his gun. Many people just miss their court date after being legally declared in good mental condition, and they can obtain their guns back. Legal fees lost work dates, or life changes can be a complication for these people. Going through our court system isn’t free! My opinion More information plus acknowledgment from our public officials is needed to help people with permanent or temporary mental illnesses. As police officers, we can’t take people’s rights away, neither should government nor state's legislature should do it without due process. Police officers are placed at risk when these laws are enacted because we will be executing those legal documents. More states should base their Red Flag Gun Laws like Texas Legislature has done. Here in Texas, we believe in the protection of the public. Also, we believe in the protection of each individual’s rights. Gun laws are a complicated issue: “A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.” Resources: 1. de Becker, Gavin. The Gift of Fear. Narrated by: Thomas Stechschulte. Audible, 2017. Audiobook. 2. Should police be allowed to seize guns from the mentally ill? [Audio blog interview]. (2019, March 22). Retrieved March 24, 2019, from http://bit.ly/2Cwx2BN Show: “Policing Matter” 3. RECEIPT AND NOTICE OF RIGHTS FOR SEIZED FIREARMS Incident#. http://www.houstoncit.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Receipt-and-Notice-of-Rights-final-draft-3in-1.pdf 4. Texas Law for Court Ordered Drug Rehab and Involuntary …. https://careplanpro.com/texas-law/ 5. https://www.texastribune.org/2018/06/18/texas-gun-red-flag-laws-santa-fe-greg-abbott/ 6. https://www.atf.gov/file/58791/download 7. https://gunresponsibility.org/solution/erpo/ 8. https://www.ammoland.com/2018/12/anti-gun-bills-to-be-introduced-in-texas/#axzz5j6iKiSBK 9. https://www.ammoland.com/2019/01/texas-already-has-extreme-risk-protection-order-laws/#axzz5j6iKiSBK 10. https://www.denverpost.com/2019/02/25/gun-laws-red-flag-colorado/ 11. https://www.aha.org/system/files/2018-03/guidelinesreleasinginfo.pdf

In this episode, the instructional designers from CONHI’s Academic Innovation (Jinnette Senecal, Celia Coochwytewa, and Aaron Kraft) recall times during their careers as educators when they were able to successfully solve real life learning problems using theories, models, and principles that we often read about in textbooks. They describe in detail how adult learning principles, the process of backwards design, and Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction can be utilized for building effective learning interventions. Lastly, they reflect on the effectiveness of these various solutions. Transcript: https://www.dropbox.com/s/c02pbouxnrd9tvy/InstructionByDesign_Season03Episode05_EscapeFromTheIvoryTower_TheoryIntoPractice.pdf?dl=0 Resources from the episode: *Andragogy: ***Instruction By Design Season 02 - Episode 04: The Mature Matriculator - https://soundcloud.com/ibd_podcast/season-02-episode-04-the-mature-matriculator-episode ***International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) Standards for Students - https://www.iste.org/standards/for-students ***Knowles, Holton, & Swanson. (2015).The adult learner (8th ed.). Routledge - https://www.amazon.com/dp/0415739020/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_U_WvcKCbAPJVT78 ***Chan, S. (2010). Applications of andragogy in multi-disciplined teaching and learning. MPAEA Journal of Adult Education, 39(2), 25-35. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ930244.pdf *Bowen, Ryan S., (2017). Understanding by Design. Vanderbilt University Center for Teaching. Retrieved March 30, 2019 from https://cft.vanderbilt.edu/understanding-by-design/ *Gagné’s Nine Events of Instruction - https://www.niu.edu/facdev/_pdf/guide/learning/gagnes_nine_events_instruction.pdf

March 12, 2019Guests lined up for the show; D Mark gives us the weather forecast (brought by the Opelika Observer); Coach Larry Gore in the studio this morning; D Mark and Coach Gore want to start a bell team; story on LSU's Basketball coach Will Wade; Robert Calls into the Hamilton's Hotline, commenting on the Christian Dawkins situation - "staging tournaments and coordinating AAU teams while he was still attending high school" (Schlabach & Goodman, 2017) - and his prediction on the Crimson TideTrip Garner (Regional Director, Encore Rehabilitation) and Regina Meadows (Program Director, Circles of Opelika) come into studio to talk about Circles of Opelika, needing volunteers; Coach Carolyn Wright (Central Girl's Basketball Head Coach) calls into the Hamilton's Hotline, she's being inducted into the AHSAA Hall of Fame, sharing with us her career pathContinuing conversation with Trip Garner and Regina Meadows about Circles of Opelika, needing volunteers, upcoming meetings, contact information, and who all is involved alreadyDiscussing tornado relief here in Lee County; local sports in soccer, softball, and baseball; Sam Bailey (Director, Opelika Parks and Rec) on the Hamilton's Hotline, commenting on Connor Pruitt dying his hair, updates with the rec department, Jeff asks about Pickle Ball, Frostbite Open golf tournament this weekend, and Patrice Lipscomb as new assistant director at Opelika Parks and RecDiscussion about Ira Bowman (Auburn University Basketball assistant coach) testifying "on Friday that he took around $300,000 in bribes from Philip Esformes to get his son, Morris, on the basketball team" (Weese, 2019); Connor Pruitt (Auburn University Swimming & Diving) headed to NCAA Men's Swimming and Diving ChampionshipsCoach Jim Miksis (Lee-Scott Academy Head Baseball Coach) and family join Studio D, talking about taking the team to Nashville, breakdown games last week and the weeks to come; Senior Pastor Rusty Sowell (Providence Baptist Church in Beauregard) calls into the Hamilton's Hotline to talk about the recovery efforts after the tornado in Lee County, and what the experience is like throughout this processD Mark, Jeff and Coach Gore close out the show with appreciation to guests Schlabach, M., & Goodman, J. (2017, October 09). How Christian Dawkins went from unknown to key figure in a scandal that could bring down college basketball. Retrieved March 12, 2019, from http://www.espn.com/mens-college-basketball/story/_/id/20946451/how-christian-dawkins-went-unknown-central-figure-scandal-rocked-college-basketballWeese, J. (2019, March 12). Report: Auburn basketball assistant coach Ira Bowman suspected in bribery case. Retrieved March 12, 2019, from https://www.theplainsman.com/article/2019/03/pcr9mmgx7lqaxta

The United States conducted its last nuclear test on September 23, 1992 at the Nevada Test Site, just 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas. By official count, more than one thousand tests were performed between 1945 and 1992. History depicts these tests as having taken place in the center of a vast, uninhabited plain. But as explosions filled the skyline and ashen fallout settled over the land like a dusting of snow, people who lived downwind were often exposed to radiation and radioactive debris. We’ve since heard about the scientists, government employees, homesteaders, and ranchers. In the shadows, there's another pocket of victims… Have you ever heard of the forgotten downwinders? DOWNLOAD NOW Credit: This episode would not have been possible without the relentless dedication and advocacy of Ian Zabarte, Principal Man for the Western Bands of the Shoshone Nation, secretary of the Native American Action Council, and a member of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Yucca Mountain Licensing Support Network, Advisory Review Panel. I also want to give a special thanks to author and historian Sarah Alisabeth Fox. Sources: Downwind: A People’s History of the Nuclear West; Sarah Alisabeth Fox; Bison Books, November 2014. The Tainted Desert: Environmental and Social Ruin in the American West; Valerie L. Kuletz; Routledge; April 29, 2016. The Light of Trinity; Wellerstein, Alex; The New Yorker; July 16, 2015. Nuclear Testing and Natives People; Patricia George and Abel Russ; Reimagine; Retrieved April 2018. History; Atomic Heritage Foundation; Retrieved April 2018. The Sale of Yucca Mountain Was an Attack; Ian Zabarte; Indian Country Today; October 2, 2015. Native Americans Bear the Nuclear Burden; Andreas Knudsen; Republic of Lakotah; April 20, 2010. Nuclear Risk Management for Native Communities; George Perkins Marsh Institute; Clark University; Retrieved March 2018. Downwinders: Survivors losing hope of compensation; Hubble Ray Smith; DailyMiner; January 17, 2018. US nuclear tests killed far more civilians than we knew; Tim Fernholz; Quartz; December 21, 2017. Survivors of America’s first atomic bomb test want their place in history; Kelsey D. Atherton; Popular Science; May 1, 2017. American Indians accuse NRC of ‘environmental racism’; Keith Rogers; Las Vegas Review-Journal; September 26, 2015. A Soil Contamination Survey of Timbisha Shoshone Tribal Lands Within Close Proximity to the Nevada Test Site; Bobb, Bonnie Dr.; Clark University; Retrieved March 2018. In the Shadow of the Mushroom Cloud: Nuclear Testing, Radioactive Fallout and Damage to U.S. Agriculture; Meyers, Keith; September 1, 2017.

Listen to the third attempt at recording the second half of our podcast about Bricktop! Remember to check out All-Cycles http://www.allcyclesyeg.ca/   [Disclaimer: some of the sources may contain triggering material] Patrick M. (August 15, 2011) To Bricktop, on Her Belated Birthday. Retrieved March 5, 2017 https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2011/08/15/to-bricktop-on-her-belated-birthday/ Albin K. (February 1, 1984) BRICKTOP, CABARET QUEEN IN PARIS AND ROME, DEAD, Retrieved March 5, 2017 http://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/01/obituaries/bricktop-cabaret-queen-in-paris-and-rome-dead.html Steven N. (October, 1, 2015) Ada ‘Bricktop’ Smith: Once the Grande Dame of Paris’ Nightclub Scene. Retrieved March 5, 2017 http://www.theroot.com/ada-bricktop-smith-once-the-grande-dame-of-paris-ni-1790861265 MARIARYCHKOVAA (March 26, 2014) Ada “Bricktop” Smith & Chez Bricktop’s night club. Retrieved March 5, 2017 https://marsharychkovaa.wordpress.com/2014/03/26/ada-bricktop-smith-chez-bricktops-night-club/ Christopher P. (October 24, 2012) Fabulous Dead People: Bricktop Retrieved March 5, 2017 http://www.wmagazine.com/story/bricktop-aka-ada-beatrice-queen-victoria-louise-virginia-smith

Outside of the home, Colonial America was a man’s world. Women were mostly excluded from power in the church and could not take part in town meetings, which meant they could not vote. But one woman defied the norms. Have you ever heard of Margaret Brent? DOWNLOAD NOW Credit: A huge thanks to Dr. Henry Miller, historical archaeologist and Director of Research at Historic St. Mary’s in Maryland, Julie Dolan, professor of political science specializing in women and politics at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, and Lily Read, a Member of the Watertown School Committee in Massachusetts. Parts of this episode first appeared on Narratively. Sources: Margaret Brent; Exploring Maryland’s Roots: Library; Maryland Public Television; Retrieved February 2018. Women in Early America: Struggle, Survival and Freedom in a New World; Dorothy A. Mays; ABC-CLIO; November 23, 2004. Margaret Brent; Maryland History Leaflet No. 1; State of Maryland; Retrieved February 2018. History; Visit St. Mary’s; St. Mary's County Division of Tourism; Retrieved March 2018. 5 Margaret Brent honorees helped level the playing field for women lawyers; Terry Carter; American Bar Association; August 7, 2016. Profiles in Colonial History; Aleck Loker; Solitude Press, July 10, 2009. Margaret Brent – A Brief History; Lois Green Carr; State of Maryland; February 7, 2002. Proceedings and Acts of the General Assembly January 1637/8-September 1664 Volume 1, Page 215; Maryland State Archives; October 31, 2014.

Although the origin of witchcraft remains unknown, from a colonial perspective it was carried to the New World from England. The colony's English settlers brought with them a strong belief in Satan’s power and a deep hostility toward those who did not strictly conform to the community’s harsh social and personal norms. While Salem, Massachusetts often stands out as ground zero, the witch purge began decades earlier in 1647. Women, of course, were disproportionately targeted. Nearly fifty years before the famous Salem witch trials, a young Connecticut woman was accused of witchcraft and hanged. She was the first of many, but her story has been forgotten. Have you ever heard of Alice Young? DOWNLOAD NOW Credit: A huge thanks to authors Beth Caruso and Katherine Spada who helped resurrect both Alice’s story and the broader history of Connecticut’s witch trials. Their tireless work is helping to clear the name of Alice Young and the other victims. I’d also like to thank Morgan Kelsey, a 10th generation granddaughter of Young, and Peg Aloi, a media scholar, a practicing witch, and an author dedicated to exploring and discussing all things witchy and pagan in contemporary media. Please visit the Connecticut Witch Memorial Facebook page to learn more about the efforts to erect a memorial in the honor of those who were wrongfully accused and convicted of witchcraft in Connecticut. You can also mail a donation to: CT. Witch Memorial, PO Box 185001, Hamden, CT. 06518. Sources: One of Windsor; Beth Caruso; Lady Slipper Press; October 29, 2015. Days to the Gallows; Katherine Spada Basto; Amazon Digital Services LLC; December 19, 2016. Colonial America; American’s Library; Retrieved February 2018. Witchcraft in Connecticut; Andy Piascik; Connecticut Humanities; Retrieved February 2018. The Witchcraft Delusion in Colonial Connecticut, 1647-1697; John M. Taylor; Grafton Press; 1908. Witchcraft Prosecution: Chasing the Devil in Connecticut; R.G. Tomlinson; Picton Press; 2012. New England’s Other Witch-Hunt: The Hartford Witch-Hunt of the 1660s and Changing Patterns in Witchcraft Prosecution; Walter William Woodward; OAH Magazine of History; 2003. Matthew Grant Diary; Connecticut State Library; Digital Archive; Retrieved March 2018. Witchcraft in Salem; USHistory.org; Independence Hall Association; Retrieved February 2018. Why Are Women Really Accused of Witchcraft?; Ruth Mace, Professor of Anthropology, University College London; LiveScience; January 11, 2018. In Frightening Times, Witchcraft Rediscovers Its Political Roots; Peg Aloi; The Establishment; May 21, 2017.

Author: Dylan Luyten, MD Educational Pearls   Johannes Hoffer coined term Nostalgia in 1688 in his medical dissertation.   Nostalgia was a formal medical diagnosis, and one that dates back to 17th century when soldiers had longing for home and melancholy with a constellation of symptoms including lethargy, sadness, disturbed sleep, heart palpitations, GI complaints, and/or skin findings for which the only cure was to return home.   In the civil war, over 5000 soldiers were given medical leave for nostalgia. Always remember to view your patient in the appropriate context (psychosocial, cultural, historical, etc.)   References Beck, J. (2013, August 14). When Nostalgia Was a Disease. Retrieved March 08, 2018, from https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/08/when-nostalgia-was-a-disease/278648/

The first part of a two part podcast episode all about Bricktop's life!  Also don't forget to check out all cycles: http://www.allcyclesyeg.ca/ [Disclaimer: some of the sources may contain triggering material] Patrick M. (August 15, 2011) To Bricktop, on Her Belated Birthday.Retrieved March 5, 2017 https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2011/08/15/to-bricktop-on-her-belated-birthday/ Albin K. (February 1, 1984) BRICKTOP, CABARET QUEEN IN PARISAND ROME, DEAD, Retrieved March 5, 2017 http://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/01/obituaries/bricktop-cabaret-queen-in-paris-and-rome-dead.html Steven N. (October, 1, 2015) Ada ‘Bricktop’ Smith: Once the GrandeDame of Paris’ Nightclub Scene. Retrieved March 5, 2017 http://www.theroot.com/ada-bricktop-smith-once-the-grande-dame-of-paris-ni-1790861265 MARIARYCHKOVAA (March 26, 2014) Ada “Bricktop” Smith & ChezBricktop’s night club. Retrieved March 5, 2017 https://marsharychkovaa.wordpress.com/2014/03/26/ada-bricktop-smith-chez-bricktops-night-club/ Christopher P. (October 24, 2012) Fabulous Dead People: BricktopRetrieved March 5, 2017 http://www.wmagazine.com/story/bricktop-aka-ada-beatrice-queen-victoria-louise-virginia-smith

Check out http://www.lynda.com/minuteearth for 10 days of free online courses. Please support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/minuteearth Thanks also to our Patreon patrons: - AshrafDude - Nasser Hamed Alminji - Jeff Straathof - Mark - Maarten Bremer - Emil Kampp - Today I Found Out - Nicholas Buckendorf - Antoine Coeur ___________________________________________ MinuteEarth provides an energetic and entertaining view of trends in earth’s environment – in just a few minutes! Subscribe to see all our new videos! http://goo.gl/EpIDGd Created by Henry Reich With the MinuteEarth team: Alex Reich, Peter Reich, Emily Elert, Ever Salazar, Kate Yoshida, and Henry Reich. Music by Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder ________________________ And follow us on Vessel: https://www.vessel.com/shows/68917745... And YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/user/minuteear... And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n Also, say hello on: Facebook: http://facebook.com/minuteearth Twitter: http://twitter.com/MinuteEarth ________________________ Want to learn more about the topic in this week’s video? Here are some key words/phrases to get your googling started: - Condensation – the process of water molecules glomming together into visible droplets - Condensation nuclei – tiny solid particles that water vapor condenses onto (also called aerosols) - Homogenous condensation – condensation without any kind of condensation nuclei - Dew point – the temperature below which water vapor starts to condense into droplets - Heterogenous condensation – condensation that happens with the help of condensation nuclei - Critical Embryo – a cluster of water molecules big enough to easily gain more molecules - Cloud chamber – a cool thing to check out if you want to build a particle detector at home (it involves pumping a bunch of water vapor into pure air; when a particle passes through, it leaves a streak of ionized water molecules that, in super-saturated air, can act as condensation nuclei!) __________________ References: Knupp, K. Surface Thermodynamics and Nucleation of Water Droplets and Ice Crystals. Lecture Notes. Retrieved March 2015 from: http://vortex.nsstc.uah.edu/mips/pers... McDonald, JE (1962) Homogenous Nucleation of Vapor Condensation. I. Thermodynamic Aspects. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. McDonald, JE (1962) Homogenous Nucleation of Vapor Condensation. II. Kinetic Aspects. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. __________________________________________________________________ Image Credits: Dewdrops - David Saddler https://www.flickr.com/photos/8050245...