Podcasts about interoceptive

"Part of the reason I stay super busy is bc if I stop to rest l'll ruminate. And if I ruminate, I start spiraling. And if I spiraling I'm like a nosediving plane" Sound familiar? Discover the ANSWER to WHY you get stuck in your most annoying perfectionist tendencies, like ruminating, catastrophizing, overthinking every small mistake etc. Plus the 6 reasons your perfectionist brain holds on to outdated habits,  how chronic stress impacts your brain's ability to change, the role of back and white thinking in reinforcing unhelpful neural pathways, why past experiences trick your brain into seeing danger everywhere and how to stop your worries from becoming self-fulfilling prophecies.  On paper, you've got it together— isn't it time you felt like it? Whether it's becoming much more DECISIVE in everything you do, stop playing out worst case scenarios in your head or JOYFULLY PRESENT AMBITIOUS again, Perfectionism Optimized, private 1-1 coaching gives you the life-long skills to *finally feel* as amazing on the inside as your life looks on the outside. Get your stress-free start today at https://courtneylovegavin.com/rewire TIMESTAMPS:00:00–How to finally take charge of ruminating02:16–Missed the last episode? Here's a quick recap04:06–What happens when your brain gets it wrong06:09–Why perfectionist brains resists learning from mistakes07:40–6 sneaky reasons your brain ignores new info08:23–How chronic stress keeps your brain stuck10:20–Why your brain clings to old patterns11:42–The hidden reason you avoid discomfort12:51–When your brain blows things out of proportion13:49–How black-and-white thinking is like wearing blinders15:19–Why past experiences warp your reactions19:34–How to update your brain so you can get unstuck21:09–One small shift to start seeing change today The first step in rewiring Resources Mentioned In Episode 250:Take your first step in rewiring Perfect Start Introductory SessionMagic Skill for Control of Emotions [Neuroscience Series #1] Perfectionism Rewired Ep. 248How Perfectionist Brain *Actually* Works [Neuroscience Series #2] Perfectionism Rewired Ep. 249When Taking A Few Deep Breaths Isn't Enough Perfectionism Rewired Ep. 192Will Save Your Sanity(might change your life) Perfectionism Rewired Ep. 193 Citations/Sources:Bar, M. (2009). The proactive brain: memory for predictions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, 364(1521), 1235–1243. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0310Barrett, L. F., & Simmons, W. K. (2015). Interoceptive predictions in the brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16(7), 419–429. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3950Braem, S., Coenen, E., Klaas Bombeke, Bochove, van, & Wim Notebaert. (2015). Open your eyes for prediction errors. Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 15(2), 374–380. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-014-0333-4Clark, A. (2013). Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 36(3), 181–204. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x12000477Handley, A. K., Egan, S. J., Kane, R. T., & Rees, C. S. (2014). The relationships between perfectionism, pathological worry and generalised anxiety disorder. BMC Psychiatry, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244x-14-98Kummer, K., Mattes, A. & Stahl, J. Do perfectionists show negative, repetitive thoughts facing uncertain situations?. Curr Psychol (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04409-3Lital Yosopov, Saklofske, D. H., Smith, M. M., Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2024). Failure Sensitivity in Perfectionism and Procrastination: Fear of Failure and Overgeneralization of Failure as Mediators of Traits and Cognitions. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 42(6), 705–724. https://doi.org/10.1177/07342829241249784Mattes, A., Mück, M., & Stahl, J. (2022). Perfectionism-related variations in error processing in a task with increased response selection complexity. Personality Neuroscience, 5. https://doi.org/10.1017/pen.2022.3‌McNally, G. P., Johansen, J. P., & Blair, H. T. (2011). Placing prediction into the fear circuit. *Trends in Neurosciences*, *34*(6), 283–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2011.03.005‌Meyer, A., & Wissemann, K. (2020). Controlling parenting and perfectionism is associated with an increased error-related negativity (ERN) in young adults. *Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience*, *15*(1), 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa018‌Roy, M., Shohamy, D., Daw, N., Jepma, M., Wimmer, G. E., & Wager, T. D. (2014). Representation of aversive prediction errors in the human periaqueductal gray. *Nature Neuroscience*, *17*(11), 1607–1612. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3832‌ Perfectionism Rewired is committed to neuroscience truth and accuracy through a perfectionist affirming lens, offering cutting-edge research on perfectionism, neuroplasticity + interoception techniques for the practical perfectionist who wants to enjoy the life you've worked so hard to create instead of obsolete advice to "overcome your perfectionism"

Dr. Cheryl Arutt is a licensed clinical & forensic psychologist, Certified EMDR Therapist & EMDRIA Consultant based in Los Angeles. A specialist in the nexus between creativity & mental health, Dr. Cheryl offers EMDR Intensives and Adjunct EMDR via telehealth. She graduated summa cum laude from UCLA and holds a Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) degree from CSPP-LA, where she was awarded Outstanding Clinical Dissertation for “Healing Together: A program for couples”. She earned a Certificate in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy from WILA and participated in study groups with Dr. James Gooch (Bion) & Dr. Dan Siegel, with whom she shared the podium as TEDx Speakers. A passionate advocate for survivors of trauma, Dr. Cheryl served on the Board of the national nonprofit PAVE dedicated to shattering the silence of trauma and violence, and consults with clinicians and organizations about effectively treating complex and developmental trauma. Dr. Cheryl is currently Access Hollywood's go-to psychologist for trauma issues, a frequent psychological expert on networks including CNN, HLN and DiscoveryID, and speaks internationally about trauma, creativity and post-traumatic growth.  Dr. Cheryl is also the Founder of Creative Resilience, online education for busy creatives to find their voice and their power. We discuss topics including: What is Polyvagal Theory? What is the autonomic nervous system Trauma that eating disorder clients experience Interoceptive awareness Big “T” trauma and Little “T” trauma Dissociation Being in “survival mode”   SHOW NOTES: askdrcheryl.com thecreativeresilience.com creativeEMDR.com ____________________________________________ If you have any questions regarding the topics discussed on this podcast, please reach out to Robyn directly via email: rlgrd@askaboutfood.com You can also connect with Robyn on social media by following her on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and LinkedIn. If you enjoyed this podcast, please leave a review on iTunes and subscribe. Visit Robyn's private practice website where you can subscribe to her free monthly insight newsletter, and receive your FREE GUIDE “Maximizing Your Time with Those Struggling with an Eating Disorder”. Your Recovery Resource, Robyn's new online course for navigating your loved one's eating disorder, is available now! For more information on Robyn's book “The Eating Disorder Trap”, please visit the Official "The Eating Disorder Trap" Website. “The Eating Disorder Trap” is also available for purchase on Amazon.

Join Michaela in this live workshop recording as she discusses the power of interoceptive awareness, how to lead in the bedroom, how and when to use therapy to strengthen a relationship, and how to avoid common communication mistakes. 00:00 - The power of interoceptive awareness 03:22 - How to bring your partner into their body 03:54 - Relationship vs attraction 05:34 - Fixing relationship problems 06:13 - Reigniting the spark 08:04 - How to play to your strengths 09:38 - Leading in the bedroom and finding a match 10:39 - Dominatrixes and high powered businessmen 12:18 - Learning bedroom skills 13:52 - Decoding communication in relationship 16:43 - Complexities between men and women 17:27 - Bad dynamics of nagging and displeasure Buy Michaela's Flavors of the Feminine Deck: https://www.templeofthebodyintheworld.com/ For workshops, teacher training and courses: https://www.michaelaboehm.com To order Michaela's book "The Wild Woman's Way" : https://amzn.to/2BQ5WpY Music ‘Deva Dasi' by Steve James at https://www.guruviking.com

Tired of getting tangled in your own words? Overcomplicating it? Asking "Does that make sense?" at the end of every sentence? Discover why you can't stop talking (even though you REALLY want to), the science behind overexplaining for perfectionists, how overexplaining is harmful to your health mentally, emotionally and physically, and why its a coping skill you want to retire ASAP.On paper, you've got it together— isn't it time you felt like it? Whether it's becoming much more DECISIVE in everything you do, stop playing out worst case scenarios in your head or becoming JOYFULLY PRESENT AMBITIOUS again, Perfectionism Optimized, private 1-1 coaching gives you the life-long skills to *finally feel* as amazing on the inside as your life looks on the outside. Get your stress-free start today at https://courtneylovegavin.com/optimized TIMESTAMPS:00:00-Understanding the Science Behind Overexplaining02:24-Why Perfectionists Are More Likely To Overexplain05:18-Control Tactics and Overexplaining08:46-Self Worth vs. Self Esteem12:32-The Emotional Charge Behind Overexplaining14:02-Toll of Overexplaining on Mental + Physical Health16:18-How Interoception Kills The Need To Overexplain20:39-TRUTH BOOTH What Overexplaining Really Is22:33-Steps to Resilience and Reducing Overexplaining Resources Mentioned In Episode 244:Perfectionism Optimized 1-1 Private CoachingImpeccable Boundaries Perfectionism Rewired Ep. 239Care-ing vs Carrying Perfectionism Rewired Ep. 202Interoception + Self-Regulation Perfectionism Rewired Ep. 194Inner Critic Be-Gone Perfectionism Rewired Ep. 212Emotional Overexplaining Perfectionism Rewired Ep. 173Proving Yourself At Work Perfectionism Rewired Ep. 232 Citations/Sources:Barrett, L. F., & Simmons, W. K. (2015). Interoceptive predictions in the brain. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 16(7), 419–429. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3950‌Price, C. J., & Hooven, C. (2018). Interoceptive Awareness Skills for Emotion Regulation: Theory and Approach of Mindful Awareness in Body-Oriented Therapy (MABT). Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00798Ventura-Bort, C., Wendt, J., & Mathias Weymar. (2021). The Role of Interoceptive Sensibility and Emotional Conceptualization for the Experience of Emotions. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.712418‌

Fight Science is a special segment of the Conscious Combat Club podcast where we invite researchers to take a deep dive into a paper they've written and explain it to us as though we're 14 years old. In this episode I interview Dr Wolf Mehling (he/him), a researcher from the US who explores the psychosomatics of pain and bodily awareness aka interoception and how our relationship to our body affects our health and wellbeing. He is a physician (50%) and researcher (50%) at the University of California San Francisco. He grew up in Germany and his basic training is in general family medicine, manual medicine and psychotherapy. In this episode we explore the paper titled:A 12-week integrative exercise program improves self-reported mindfulness and interoceptive awareness in war veterans with posttraumatic stress symptoms.To contact Wolf:Email: wolf.mehling@ucsf.edu To get involved with the Conscious Combat Club:- Donate: https://conscious-combat-club.raiselysite.com/ - Visit our site https://www.consciouscombat.club/- Join the waitlist for Melbourne classes https://www.consciouscombat.club/naarm- Join our online kickboxing classes https://www.consciouscombat.club/online- Become a conscious combat coach https://www.consciouscombat.club/coaching- Join our mailing list "Mat Chat' https://www.consciouscombat.club/mat-chat- Join our facebook group https://www.facebook.com/groups/640626287248147 SUPPORT LINKS: Some listeners might find parts of this conversation distressing. Please take care, link in your support networks, or refer to one of these organizations if you need: Eating disorder support: https://www.eatingdisorders.org.au/ Mental health support: https://www.beyondblue.org.au/get-support Domestic, family and sexual violence counselling, information and support https://www.1800respect.org.au/ Sexism in sport https://www.respectvictoria.vic.gov.au/ DirectLine (Alcohol & Drug Support) – 1800 888 236 (24/7) http://www.directline.org.au/ QLife (Queer-Specific Peer Support) – 1800 184 527 (3pm – midnight) - https://qlife.org.au/ Lifeline (Crisis Support & Suicide Prevention) – 13 11 14 (24/7) http://www.lifeline.org.au/gethelp Thank you so much to Nari for the beautiful song "Shape Me" heard at the beginning and end of this episode. Nari wrote this song about Shape Your Life, a boxing program for self-identified female survivors of violence in Canada. She wrote this song using the words and experiences shared by participants with Cathy Van Ingen. You can find out more about Shape Your Life in my interview with Cathy in Episode 8. You can hear more of Nari's work by going to her Instagram: @narithesaga

Relationship to the Body Season 03, Episode 30 Our bodies are always speaking to us, but often we're not able to understand or listen to what they're trying to communicate. In this episode, hosts Jennifer and Elisabeth unpack the complexities of our relationship to the body, including how our perceptions, emotions and beliefs about our bodies significantly impact our overall well-being. They dive deep into the impact the interoceptive system has on the nervous system, emotions and behaviors, especially in relation to disordered eating and body dysmorphia. Jennifer and Elisabeth explore how past traumas shape our body image and inhibit our ability to express emotions safely through the body, sharing their own journeys from the cycle of maladaptive behaviors to loving acceptance. Tune in to hear their insights into having a healthier, more compassionate relationship with your body! Topics discussed in this episode:   Exploring the relationship to the body How we develop our body image Interoceptive awareness and our ability to connect to the body The connection between trauma and the relationship to the body Understanding body dysmorphia and dissociation Sensory mismatch in relation to body dysmorphia The emotional aspect of the relationship to the body Building a healthier relationship to the body   Contact us about private Rewire Neuro-Somatic Coaching: https://brainbased-wellness.com/rewire-private-neuro-somatic-coaching/   Learn more about the Neuro-Somatic Intelligence Coaching program and sign up for the spring cohort now! https://www.neurosomaticintelligence.com/?utm_medium=aff-traumarewired&utm_content&utm_source   Get started training your nervous system with our FREE 2-week offer on the Brain Based Membership site: https://www.rewiretrial.com   Connect with us on social media: @trauma.rewired   Join the Trauma Rewired Facebook Group! https://www.facebook.com/groups/761101225132846 FREE 1 Year Supply of Vitamin D + 5 Travel Packs from Athletic Greens when you use my exclusive offer: https://www.drinkag1.com/rewired This episode was produced by Podcast Boutique https://www.podcastboutique.com Trauma Rewired podcast  is intended to educate and inform but does not constitute medical, psychological or other professional advice or services. Always consult a qualified medical professional about your specific circumstances before making any decisions based on what you hear.  We share our experiences, explore trauma, physical reactions, mental health and disease. If you become distressed by our content, please stop listening and seek professional support when needed. Do not continue to listen if the conversations are having a negative impact on your health and well-being.  If you or someone you know is struggling with their mental health, or in mental health crisis and you are in the United States you can 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline.  If someone's life is in danger, immediately call 911.  We do our best to stay current in research, but older episodes are always available.  We don't warrant or guarantee that this podcast contains complete, accurate or up-to-date information. It's very important to talk to a medical professional about your individual needs, as we aren't responsible for any actions you take based on the information you hear in this podcast. We  invite guests onto the podcast. Please note that we don't verify the accuracy of their statements. Our organization does not endorse third-party content and the views of our guests do not necessarily represent the views of our organization. We talk about general neuro-science and nervous system health, but you are unique. These are conversations for a wide audience. They are general recommendations and you are always advised to seek personal care for your unique outputs, trauma and needs.  We are not doctors or licensed medical professionals. We are certified neuro-somatic practitioners and nervous system health/embodiment coaches. We are not your doctor or medical professional and do not know you and your unique nervous system. This podcast is not a replacement for working with a professional. The BrainBased.com site and Rewiretrail.com is a membership site for general nervous system health, somatic processing and stress processing. It is not a substitute for medical care or the appropriate solution for anyone in mental health crisis.  Any examples mentioned in this podcast are for illustration purposes only. If they are based on real events, names have been changed to protect the identities of those involved.  We've done our best to ensure our podcast respects the intellectual property rights of others, however if you have an issue with our content, please let us know by emailing us at traumarewired@gmail.com  All rights in our content are reserved

In this episode, Barry, our Research and Policy Officer speaks with Akansha Naraindas (UCD) about interoceptive sensibility and body image. Body image disturbance, interoceptive sensibility and the body schema across female adulthood: a pre-registered study

Nicole and Jeff are back with part 4 of their sensory system series. Thanks for listening! Links Visit Playvolution HQ Join Jeff for a CCBAG Happy Hour Check out Play Haven Share text and audio comments, or just come hang out at Play Haven Visit playvolutionhq.com/ccbag for cohost links, show archives, and more

A woman reports experiencing an extraordinary number of orgasms experienced during a bondage session. So many so, in fact, that she passes out from the experience, and she claims that each orgasm became painful, starting about halfway through the session. What is she experiencing? Is in analogous to the male experience or something completely different? Is passing out indicative of some other phenomenon like hyperventilating or even a medical issue of some kind? Which men seriously comment on videos posted on porn sites, and what's the goal? And, if your partner is watching porn containing content that differs markedly from what they claim to enjoy in everyday life, is this indicative of anything? And, what's the right way to handle the "aftermath" of anal? We get a lot of our questions from Reddit, so for our listeners' enjoyment, here are links to some of the questions we discussed this week: https://ymmv.me/155/orgasmsporn,https://www.reddit.com/r/sex/comments/1ahoqjd/bfs_comments_on_reddit_porn_should_i_be_concerned/https://ymmv.me/155/ anal,https://www.reddit.com/r/sex/comments/1aj5jby/bf_got_mad_cuz_i_farted_during_anal/https://ymmv.me/155/ Twitter: @ymmvpod Facebook: ymmvpod Email: ymmvpod@gmail.com

Our bodies are always speaking to us, but often we're not able to understand or listen to what they're trying to communicate. In this episode, hosts Jennifer and Elisabeth unpack the complexities of our relationship to the body, including how our perceptions, emotions and beliefs about our bodies significantly impact our overall well-being. They dive deep into the impact the interoceptive system has on the nervous system, emotions and behaviors, especially in relation to disordered eating and body dysmorphia. Jennifer and Elisabeth explore how past traumas shape our body image and inhibit our ability to express emotions safely through the body, sharing their own journeys from the cycle of maladaptive behaviors to loving acceptance. Tune in to hear their insights into having a healthier, more compassionate relationship with your body! Topics discussed in this episode:   Exploring the relationship to the body How we develop our body image Interoceptive awareness and our ability to connect to the body The connection between trauma and the relationship to the body Understanding body dysmorphia and dissociation Sensory mismatch in relation to body dysmorphia The emotional aspect of the relationship to the body Building a healthier relationship to the body   Contact us about private Rewire Neuro-Somatic Coaching: https://brainbased-wellness.com/rewire-private-neuro-somatic-coaching/   Learn more about the Neuro-Somatic Intelligence Coaching program and sign up for the spring cohort now! https://www.neurosomaticintelligence.com/?utm_medium=aff-traumarewired&utm_content&utm_source   Get started training your nervous system with our FREE 2-week offer on the Brain Based Membership site: https://www.rewiretrial.com   Connect with us on social media: @trauma.rewired   Join the Trauma Rewired Facebook Group! https://www.facebook.com/groups/761101225132846 FREE 1 Year Supply of Vitamin D + 5 Travel Packs from Athletic Greens when you use my exclusive offer: https://www.drinkag1.com/rewired This episode was produced by Podcast Boutique https://www.podcastboutique.com

Our bodies are always speaking to us, but often we're not able to understand or listen to what they're trying to communicate. In this episode, hosts Jennifer and Elisabeth unpack the complexities of our relationship to the body, including how our perceptions, emotions and beliefs about our bodies significantly impact our overall well-being. They dive deep into the impact the interoceptive system has on the nervous system, emotions and behaviors, especially in relation to disordered eating and body dysmorphia. Jennifer and Elisabeth explore how past traumas shape our body image and inhibit our ability to express emotions safely through the body, sharing their own journeys from the cycle of maladaptive behaviors to loving acceptance. Tune in to hear their insights into having a healthier, more compassionate relationship with your body! Topics discussed in this episode:   Exploring the relationship to the body How we develop our body image Interoceptive awareness and our ability to connect to the body The connection between trauma and the relationship to the body Understanding body dysmorphia and dissociation Sensory mismatch in relation to body dysmorphia The emotional aspect of the relationship to the body Building a healthier relationship to the body   Contact us about private Rewire Neuro-Somatic Coaching: https://brainbased-wellness.com/rewire-private-neuro-somatic-coaching/   Learn more about the Neuro-Somatic Intelligence Coaching program and sign up for the spring cohort now! https://www.neurosomaticintelligence.com/?utm_medium=aff-traumarewired&utm_content&utm_source   Get started training your nervous system with our FREE 2-week offer on the Brain Based Membership site: https://www.rewiretrial.com   Connect with us on social media: @trauma.rewired   Join the Trauma Rewired Facebook Group! https://www.facebook.com/groups/761101225132846 FREE 1 Year Supply of Vitamin D + 5 Travel Packs from Athletic Greens when you use my exclusive offer: https://www.drinkag1.com/rewired This episode was produced by Podcast Boutique https://www.podcastboutique.com  

In this enlightening episode of The Light Inside, we unravel the concept of emotional uncoupling and the importance of establishing a healthy psychological distance to better understand and process our emotions. Our guest, Veronica Rottman, founder of Waking Womb, shared her expertise on somatic-based healing and the role of the nervous system in emotional regulation. We began by discussing the challenges we face when our emotions become entangled with our experiences, leading to a web of complex reactions. Veronica explained the textbook definition of dissociation and its role in emotional regulation, emphasizing the body's inherent capacity for healing and balance. Throughout the conversation, we explored the idea of neuroception, the body's perception of safety, and how our past experiences can influence our present emotional responses. We highlighted the importance of compassion towards our own dissociative responses, recognizing them as protective mechanisms rather than signs of brokenness. We also touched on the concept of overcoupling, where our nervous system associates certain stimuli with past threats, and how somatic practices can help us untangle these associations.  [00:02:40] Emotional Regulation and Dissociation. [00:06:11] Neuroception and Dissociation. [00:08:52] Dissociation and its protective function. [00:13:20] Perception of safety [00:16:12] Somatic investigation and dissociation. [00:20:30] Interoceptive and exteroceptive awareness. [00:24:56] Overcoming self-awareness and shame. [00:29:34] Sensory experience and grounding. [00:35:38] Co-regulation and energetic vibrations. [00:39:04] Trauma and reproductive health. [00:43:44] Conditioning and frameworks. [00:45:44] Our primal instincts and suffering. [00:49:00] Movement and embodiment. [00:56:33] Healing through gentle processes. [00:56:50] Relationship is key to healing. [01:01:11] Somatic experience and mindfulness. --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thelightinside/support

Kimberley: Could I have PTSD or trauma? This is a question that came up a lot following a recent episode we had with Caitlin Pinciotti, and I'm so happy to have her back to talk about it deeper. Let's go deeper into PTSD, trauma, what it means, who has it, and why we develop it. I'm so happy to have you here, Caitlin. Caitlin: Yes, thank you for having me back. INTRODUCING CAITLIN PINCIOTTI Kimberley: Can you tell us a little bit about you and all the amazing things you do? Caitlin: Of course. I'm an assistant professor in the Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Department at Baylor College of Medicine. I also serve as the co-chair for the IOCDF Trauma and PTSD in OCD Special Interest Group. Generally speaking, a lot of my research and clinical work has specifically focused on OCD, PTSD, and trauma, in particular when those things intersect, what that can look like, and how that can impact treatment. I'm happy to be here to talk more specifically about PTSD. WHAT IS PTST VS TRAUMA? Kimberley: Absolutely. What is PTSD? If you want to give us an understanding of what that means, and then also, would you share the contrast of—now you hear more in social media—what PTSD is versus trauma? Caitlin: Yeah, that's a great question. A lot of people use these words interchangeably in casual conversation, but they are actually referring to two different things. Trauma refers to the experience that someone has that can potentially lead to the development of a disorder called post-traumatic stress disorder. When we talk about these and the definitions we use, trauma can be sort of a controversial word, that depending on who you ask, they might use a different definition. It might be a little bit more liberal or more conservative.  I'll just share with you the definition that we use clinically according to the DSM. Trauma would be any sort of experience that involves threatened or actual death, serious injury, or sexual violence, and there are a number of ways that people can experience it. We oftentimes think of directly experiencing trauma. Maybe I was the one who was in the car accident. But there are other ways that people can experience trauma that can have profound effects on them as well, such as witnessing the experience happening to someone else, learning that it happened to a really close loved one, or being exposed to the details of trauma through one's work, such as being a therapist, being a 911 telecommunicator, or anyone who works on the front lines.  That's what we mean diagnostically when we talk about trauma. It's an event that fits that criteria. It can include motor vehicle accidents, serious injuries, sexual violence, physical violence, natural disasters, explosions, war, so on and so forth—anytime when the person feels as though their bodily integrity or safety is at risk or harmed in some way.  Conversely, PTSD is a mental health condition. That's just one way that people might respond to experiencing trauma. In order to be diagnosed with trauma, the very first criterion is that you have to have experienced trauma. If a person hasn't experienced an event like what I described, then we would look into some other potential diagnoses that might explain what's going on for them, because there are lots of different ways that people can be impacted by trauma beyond just PTSD. PTSD SYMPTOMS AND PTSD DIAGNOSIS  Kimberley: Right. What are some of the specific criteria for being diagnosed with PTSD? Caitlin: PTSD is comprised of 20 potential PTSD symptoms, which sounds like a lot, and it is. It can look really different from one person to the next. We break these symptoms down into different clusters to help us understand them a little bit better. There are four overarching clusters of PTSD symptoms. There's re-experiencing, which is the different ways that we might re-experience the trauma in the present moment, such as through really intrusive and vivid memories, flashbacks, nightmares, or feeling really emotionally upset by reminders of the trauma.  The second cluster is avoidance. This includes both what we would call internal avoidance and external avoidance. Internal avoidance would be avoiding thinking about the trauma, but also avoiding any of the emotions that might remind someone of the trauma. If I felt extremely powerless at the time of my trauma, then I might go to extreme lengths to avoid ever feeling powerless again in my life. In terms of external avoidance, that's avoiding any cue in our environment that might remind us of the trauma. It could be people, places, different situations, smells, or anything involving the senses. That's avoidance.  The third cluster of PTSD symptoms is called negative alterations, cognitions, and mood, which is such a mouthful, but it's basically a long way of saying that after we experience trauma, it's not uncommon for that experience to impact our mood and how we think about ourselves or other people in the world. You'll see some symptoms that can actually feel a little bit like depression, maybe feeling low mood, or an inability to experience positive emotions. But there's also this kind of impact on cognition—an impact on how I view myself and my capabilities, maybe to the extent that I can trust other people or feel that the world is dangerous. Blame is really big here as well. And then the last cluster of symptoms is called hyperarousal. This is basically a scientific word for your body—sort of kicking into that overdrive feeling of that fight, flight, freeze response. These include symptoms where your body is constantly in a state of feeling like there's danger or threat. This can impact our concentration. It can impact our sleep. We might have angry outbursts because we're feeling really on edge. We may feel as though we have to constantly watch our backs, survey the situation, and make sure that we are definitely going to be prepared and aware if another trauma were to happen.  Those are the four overarching symptom clusters. But somebody only actually needs to have at least six of those symptoms to a clinically significant and impairing way. Kimberley: Right. Now, I remember early in my own treatment, a clinician using terms like little T trauma and big T trauma. The example that I was discussing is I grew up on a ranch, a very large ranch. My dad is and was a very successful rancher. Every eight to 10 years, we would have this massive drought where we would completely run out of water and we'd have to have trucks bring in water, and there were dead livestock everywhere. It was very financially stressful. I remember her bringing up this idea of what is a little T trauma and what is a big T trauma—not to say that that's what was assigned to me, but that was the beginning of when I heard this term. WHAT IS BIG T TRAUMA VS LITTLE T TRAUMA?  What does it actually mean for someone to say big T trauma versus small T trauma? Caitlin: Yeah, this is another common term that people are using. I'm glad that there is language to describe this because a lot of times, when I provide the definition that I gave a few minutes ago about what trauma is according to the DSM, people will hear that and think, “Wait a minute, my experience doesn't really fit into that criteria, but I still feel like I've been really impacted by something. Maybe it's even making me experience symptoms that really look and feel a lot like PTSD.” Some people can find that really invalidating, like, “Wait a minute, you're saying that what I experienced wasn't traumatizing and it feels like it was traumatizing.”  Those terms can be used to separate out big T trauma, meaning something that meets the DSM definition that I provided—that really more strict definition of trauma. Whereas little T trauma is a word that we can use to describe these other experiences that don't quite fit that strict criteria but still subjectively felt traumatizing to us and have impacted us in some way.  What's interesting is that there's some research that suggests that the extent to which somebody subjectively feels like something was traumatic is actually more predictive of their mental health outcomes than whether or not it meets this strict definition because we see people all the time who experience big T traumas and they might be totally fine afterwards. And then there are people who experience little T traumas and are really struggling.  We can use little T trauma to describe things like racial trauma, discrimination, minority stress, the experiences that you described, and even just significant interpersonal losses and things like that. Kimberley: Yeah. Maybe even COVID. For some, it was a capital T trauma, would you say, because they did almost lose their lives or witness someone? Is that correct? Would you say that some others would have interpreted it as a smaller T and then some wouldn't have experienced it as a trauma at all? Caitlin: Yes, I think that's a great example because there are definitely a lot of folks who don't necessarily know someone who became really ill, lost their life, or didn't have that personally happen to them. But there was this looming stress, maybe even related to quarantine and isolation and things like that. WHO GETS PTSD AND TRAUMA? Kimberley: This is really fascinating. I wonder if you could share a little, like, of all the people, what are the factors that you mentioned that increase someone's chances of going on to have PTSD? Who goes on to get PTSD, and who doesn't? How can we predict that? What do we know from the research? Caitlin: This is an interesting question because I think that some people might intuitively think, “Well, somebody experienced this really horrible trauma. Of course, they're going to go on to develop PTSD.” We actually know that people on the whole can be pretty resilient even in the face of experiencing pretty horrible tragedies.  Our estimates of exposure to what we would call potentially traumatic experiences range from 70% to 90% of the population, and most of us will experience something at some point in our lives that would need that definition—that strict definition of a trauma. Yet, only about 6 to 7% of people will be diagnosed with PTSD at some point in their lives. So there's this huge discrepancy here.  There are lots of factors, and of course, we don't have this perfectly nailed down where we can exactly predict, “Okay, this person is going to be fine. This person is going to have PTSD.” It's really an interaction of lots of factors. But we know that there are some things that can either provide a buffering effect against PTSD or have the opposite effect, where they might put somebody at greater risk.  One of the biggest things that's come up in research is social support or the lack thereof, so that when people have really great social support after their trauma, whether it's after a sexual assault or they've come home from combat, that can really buffer against the likelihood of developing PTSD. The reverse is true as well when people don't have social support. We saw this, for example, after the Vietnam War, where a lot of veterans came home and really were mistreated by a lot of people. Unfortunately, that's a risk factor for developing PTSD.  But there are other things too, like coping. Not necessarily using one particular coping skill, but rather having a variety of coping strategies that somebody can use flexibly, even something like humor. We see this as a resilience factor. Obviously, there are times when using humor can serve as a distraction or avoidance, and there are times when it can be really adaptive too. Obviously, of course, genetics that people may have a predisposition in general towards having mental health concerns. Sex, we know that people assigned female at birth have a higher likelihood of developing PTSD after trauma.  And then there are things that may be specific to the experience itself, so the type of trauma. Sexual assault is unfortunately a really big risk factor for developing PTSD, whereas there are other trauma types where fewer people go on to develop PTSD from those.  And then there's something that we call peritraumatic fear, and that just means the fear that you were experiencing at the time that the event was happening. In the moment that the trauma was happening to me, how scared was I? How much did I feel like I might lose my life? People who experience more of that fear at the time of the event are more likely to go on and develop PTSD.  But it's pretty interesting too, because, as with everything, there isn't just this binary, like you either have it or you don't have it. I want to normalize this too for anyone who might be listening and maybe has recently experienced something really horrible and is struggling with some of these symptoms that we talked about. It doesn't necessarily mean that you have PTSD or that you're going to continue to have PTSD.  Most people, about 50 to 65%, will experience mild to moderate post-traumatic stress symptoms after the event that will just gradually go away on their own. We call that a resilience trajectory. We also have about 10 to 15% of people who have what we call a recovery trajectory, where maybe right away they did have a spike in post-traumatic stress symptoms, right away in that first month or so. But after a year, again, it's resolved itself.  And then we have two trajectories that go on to describe people who will have PTSD. That would be a chronic trajectory where somebody would have this elevation in symptoms after the trauma that persists. That's usually about 15 to 20% of people. And then less likely is what we call a delayed trajectory. This is about only 5 to 10% of people who may have had really mild symptoms right away or perhaps no symptoms at all. And then, after about six to 12 months, it might just all of a sudden skyrocket for whatever reason. IT IS OCD OR AM I IN DENIAL?  Kimberley: Right. So interesting. I was actually wondering what you often hear about people who, especially as someone who treats OCD and anxiety disorders, often questioning whether there was a trauma they had forgotten. Like, did I repress or am I in denial of a trauma? What can you share statistically about that? Caitlin: Yeah, that's a really great question. It's definitely more of a controversial topic in the field, not because people don't have the experience of having these recovered memories, but rather because of what we know about how memory works and how fragile it can be, that as clinicians, we have to be really careful that we're not, in our efforts to help someone, inadvertently constructing a false memory.  I would say that most of the time, this delayed trajectory of PTSD symptoms is less so about the person not remembering the event, but more so like they just have continued on with their life and are probably suppressing, avoiding, and doing all sorts of things that are maybe keeping it at bay temporarily. And then there may be, in a lot of cases, some big life event that may bring it up, or perhaps another traumatic experience or something like that. WHAT IF I HAVE REPEATED TRAUMAS?  Kimberley: Yeah. I was going to ask that as well, as I was wondering. Let's say you've been through a trauma. You recovered on that trajectory you talked about. Are you more likely to then go on to have PTSD if you repeat different events, or do we not have research to back that up? Caitlin: That's a great question. I'm not sure specifically about, depending on which trajectory you were initially on, how that increases the likelihood later on. I can say that repeated exposure to trauma in general is associated with a greater likelihood of PTSD. I would say that, probably regardless of how quickly your symptoms onset, if at all initially, experiencing more and more trauma is going to increase the likelihood of PTSD. WHO CAN DIAGNOSE PTSD AND TRAUMA?  Kimberley: Right. Amazing. Thank you for sharing that. I know that was very in-depth, but I think it helps us to really understand the complexity and the way that it can play out.  Who can make these diagnoses? I know, as I mentioned to you before, even my daughter has said she found herself on some magazine website that was having her do some online tests to determine whether there was trauma. It seems to be everywhere, these online tests. Can you get diagnosed through an online test? Would you recommend that or not? Who can we trust to make these diagnoses? Caitlin: That's a great question. I would not recommend using something like an online test or even a self-report questionnaire to help you figure out if you have PTSD. Now, it can give you a sense of the specific areas that I might be struggling with that I could then share with a licensed provider, who can then make the diagnosis. But if you were to just find a quiz online and take it, and it says you have PTSD, that would not be something that we would consider to be valid or reliable in any way.  I would recommend talking with a psychologist, a psychiatrist, any sort of general practitioner, an MD, or maybe even someone's primary care physician. Definitely, if you can get in touch with a licensed provider who specializes in PTSD and can really be sure that that's what's going on for you.  Now, TikTok and all these things exist out there. As with anything on the internet, it can be used for good and it can also be very harmful. I think it just comes down to gathering information that may be helpful but then passing it on to someone who can sift through the misinformation and give you a clearer answer. Kimberley: Yeah. Thank you for that. I think, as someone myself who's had their own mental journey, I do remember during different phases of my own recovery where our brains just don't make sense. I had an eating disorder—a very bad eating disorder—and my brain just couldn't see clearly in some areas, and me being so frustrated with that. I know lots of people with, let's say, panic disorder feel the same way or health anxiety, their condition feels so confusing and makes no sense that in the moment of being grief-stricken by this and also very confused, it's pretty easy to start wondering, “Could this have been a trauma or is this PTSD? This doesn't make sense. Why am I having this mental health issue?” Especially if it's not something that was genetically set up in your family. I'm wondering if you can speak to the listeners who may have dabbled in thinking maybe there is a trauma, a big T, a little T, or PTSD. Can you speak to how someone might navigate that? Caitlin: Most definitely. I'll validate too that it's really complex. We use the DSM to help us understand these different diagnoses, but there's so much overlap. Panic disorder—obviously, panic attacks are the hallmark feature of panic disorder, but people can have panic attacks in PTSD as well. People with eating disorders might have issues with their self-image and their self-esteem. That can happen in PTSD as well, as I mentioned, even with mood disorders. There are symptoms in PTSD that sure look and sound a lot like depression.  If it feels confusing, “Well, wait a minute, I have this symptom. What does it belong to? What does it mean?” We do really have this very imperfect and overlapping classification system that we use. That being said, it's a legit question to ask if somebody feels like, as you were saying, “I've been struggling with these symptoms, but it really feels like there's something more here.”  When we diagnose PTSD, we go through all of the 20 symptoms, some of which I referenced earlier. For each symptom, we'll ask about when that symptom started for the person relative to trauma and whether or not it's related to trauma in some sort of way, if there's some content there to work with.  For example, somebody maybe wasn't having any issues with their mood whatsoever, and then they experienced trauma, and all of a sudden, it was just really hard for them to get out of bed. Well, that could potentially be a symptom of PTSD because it started after the trauma.  One thing that I hear a lot, because unfortunately, childhood trauma is really common, when I ask folks about this, they'll say, “I don't know. The trauma happened when I was so young that I don't even remember who I was before this person that I am now, who's really struggling.” In that case, people usually have a pretty good insight into this. Like, do you think that this is related in any way? Or maybe, if you have any recollection, you had a little bit of this experience and this symptom initially, and it got worse after the trauma. That, again, could potentially indicate that that's a symptom of PTSD.  I would say for those folks who are listening, who are struggling with things like panic attacks, difficulty with eating, mood, whatever it might be, even OCD, which we talked about recently, really checking in with yourself about how and if those symptoms are related to your trauma. If they are, then find someone that you trust that you can talk to about it. Hopefully, a therapist who can help you piece this apart.  It could still be maybe the disorder you thought it was, maybe it is panic disorder, maybe it is OCD, maybe it is an eating disorder that's still informed by trauma in some way or impacted in some way, which would be important to be able to process in treatment. Or it could just be PTSD entirely. And then that would be really important to know because that would significantly change what the treatment approach would be. Kimberley: Yeah. It's so true of so many disorders. You could have social anxiety and panic attacks because of social anxiety, and a mental health professional will help you to determine what's the primary, like, “Oh, you have social anxiety and social interactions are causing you to have panic,” and that can sort of help. I think as clinicians, we're constantly ruling out disorders using our professional hat to do that. I think you're right. Speak to a professional and have them do our assessment to help you pass that apart. Because I think in general, any mental health disorder will make you feel like something doesn't feel right, and that's the nature of any disorder.  Caitlin: Right. The good news, too, is that, within reason, some of the treatment techniques that we have can be used more broadly. Interoceptive exposures, we can use that for people who have panic disorder, just people who struggle with panic attacks, or maybe people who have OCD or GAD and just feel really sensitive to those sensations in their body that suggest that they might be anxious. Same thing with behavioral activation. We use that for depression, and that can really easily be added to any treatment, whether it's treatment for PTSD or something else. You're exactly right, getting clarity on what's going on for folks, and then what are some of these techniques that might be most helpful for these symptoms? PTSD AND TRAUMA TREATMENT  Kimberley: Yeah. Thank you. You perfectly segue this into the next question, which is, can you describe the treatment or give us names of the treatment for this comparison of trauma versus PTSD? Are they the same treatments? Does it matter whether it's a big T trauma or a little T trauma? Can you give us some idea of the treatments for these struggles? Caitlin: Definitely. Most of the evidence-based treatments that exist are specifically for PTSD. Obviously, they touch on trauma, of course, as the reason why somebody has PTSD and where all of these symptoms stem from. But there aren't as many treatments that are, let's say, specifically for trauma, at least not in terms of a standardized way of working through that. If somebody's experienced trauma and they don't have PTSD, and let's say they don't have any diagnoses, but they are still impacted by this experience, just doing behavioral therapy or whatever treatment feels like a good fit for what somebody is trying to work through might be sufficient. And then we have these evidence-based treatments that have been shown to really target PTSD symptoms and help reduce them. A few years back, I think it was 2017, the American Psychological Association reviewed all of the research on PTSD treatments. They reviewed it using lots of different criteria for what it means to feel better after treatment beyond just reducing PTSD symptoms, but also looking at other things too, like mood and suicidality and things like that. They essentially created this list of treatments that they rank orders in different tiers, depending on how effective they were shown to be.  In the top tier are four treatments. There's cognitive behavioral therapy just broadly, cognitive therapy also broadly, and then the two specialized treatments are prolonged exposure (PE) and cognitive processing therapy or CPT. I can talk a little bit more about those two if you'd like.  In the second tier are things like acceptance and commitment therapy, EMDR—these treatments that people may have used themselves and have found really effective, and they are effective. They're just maybe a little bit less effective for fewer people, if that makes any sense. It's not to say that EMDR doesn't work, but rather that there's just more of an evidence base for things like PE and CPT. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PTSD AND TRAUMA TREATMENTS  Kimberley: Great. To speak to those two top-tier treatments, can you compare and contrast them for someone just so that they feel they understand the difference? Caitlin: Yeah. If I had a whiteboard, I would just draw out the CBT triangle, but hopefully, folks listening know that in the CBT triangle, you have your emotions, your behaviors, and your thoughts, and all these things are constantly interacting with one another. We could say, just on a really simplified level, that when we are seeking treatment for PTSD, we want our emotions to be different. We want to feel less emotionally impacted by the trauma that we've experienced. PE and CPT are both under the umbrella of cognitive behavioral therapy, so they both use that triangle. They just get at it a different way. PE starts with the behaviors, knowing that the thoughts and emotions come along for the ride. CPT starts with the thoughts, knowing that the behaviors and the emotions come along for the ride.  Now, they're both extremely effective at reducing PTSD symptoms. They've done head-to-head comparisons. They're both great. You're not going to find one that's significantly better than another, but you might find one that feels like a better fit for what you're currently struggling with.  Cognitive processing therapy, again, starting with the thoughts, cognitive processing, basically involves-- I almost think of this as looking at our thoughts and our beliefs about things and examining them from different lenses. I always picture plucking an apple from a tree. Like, okay, this is a belief that I developed from my trauma. This was really adaptive for me at the time because this belief told me that I can't trust anyone and I have to always watch my back. Boy, did that help me when I was in combat and I was always watching my back and making sure I was safe. But as I look at it from these different angles, I might realize, well, I'm not in combat anymore, and I'm living in a pretty safe environment with safe people. So maybe this belief doesn't really serve me anymore.  You work with your therapist to identify what we call stuck points, which are these really deep-seated beliefs that somebody has about themselves, other people, or the world that either developed from trauma or were reinforced by trauma, because sometimes people will say, “Well, I've never trusted people. I've always been in an environment where things weren't safe.” And then there we go, the trauma happened, and it just proved me right. Cognitive processing therapy helps people work through these stuck points and come up with alternative perspectives on these thoughts.  Prolonged exposure is a lot more similar to what I imagine lots of the folks listening may have done with exposure therapy generally, or exposure and response prevention for OCD. Again, we're starting with the behavior, knowing that if we target the behavior first, that's going to change our cognitions, and it's going to change our emotions.  PE involves two different types of exposure. The first one being in vivo exposure, which is really similar to just any sort of ERP exposure where you expose yourself to something in the environment that triggers a thought about the trauma or some sort of emotional reaction. You do those over and over again until they feel like no big deal to you, you feel really awesome about yourself, and you can conquer the world because you can.  And with your therapist, you do an imaginal exposure, which is where, in a really safe environment, you talk through the experience of your trauma and what happened to you. You do this actually in a unique way to really engage with that memory because, as we talked about, that internal avoidance is so common in people with PTSD. This imaginal exposure would be describing the experience in the present tense, painting a picture as though it was a film that was playing out right in front of our eyes, and really digging into the details of, what am I feeling in the moment that this trauma is happening? What am I hearing? What am I sensing? And doing that imaginal exposure, again, with your therapist in a really safe space until it doesn't have an impact on you anymore.  I always say this to people when they start PE with me: I know that this may sound nuts right now. But a lot of people who do PE will get to a point where they'll look at me and say, “I'm so bored telling this story again. I've told this story so many times. It doesn't even bring up this emotional response for me anymore.” That feels really unlikely for people who are just starting out in treatment and are so impacted by this memory, and they do everything in their power to avoid it. But people can and very much do get to a place where they feel like they've conquered this memory and it doesn't control them anymore.  That's how PE and CPT work. Again, they both eventually target the same thing. It's just sort of, which route do you go? COMPLIMENTARY PTSD TREATMENTS  Kimberley: Right. Amazing. Thank you. From my experience too, and actually, this is a question, not a statement—my experience, some people who I'm close with or clients who have been through PTSD treatment also then had to develop some coping skills, mindfulness skills, compassion skills, or maybe sometimes even DBT skills to get them across the finish line. Has that been your experience? What is your feedback from a more scientific perspective? Caitlin: Yeah, it really depends on the person. There are also combinations of these treatments. There's a combined DBT and PE protocol out there for folks who do need a little bit more of those skills. Some people do feel like they would benefit from having some of these coping skills, maybe upfront or throughout the course of treatment. But they've also done research where they've started with that skill-building before they go into PE or CPT, compared to people who go right in. Actually, what they often find is that starting with skill building, sometimes it's just colluding with avoidance, and it just lengthens the amount of time that somebody needs before they start to feel better.  I'm glad you asked this question because it's so common for people with PTSD to feel like, “I can't. I can't do this thing. I can't feel this thing. I can't talk about this thing.” And they really can. Sometimes if we allow people to really challenge those “I can't” beliefs, then they'll realize, “I really thought that I was going to need all this extra support or I was going to need this or this, and I was able to just move right through this treatment.” Now, of course, again, that's not the case for everyone. There are some folks who maybe have much more severe PTSD, maybe have some different comorbidities like personality disorders or something else where it might be helpful to involve some of that, or people who had really chronic exposure to, say, childhood trauma. But far and away, people are often much better able to jump right into some of these treatments than they think they are. HOW TO FIND A PTSD TRAUMA THERAPIST  Kimberley: Thank you for sharing that. I think that's super helpful for us to feel hopeful at the end. One more question before you tell us about you and some of the amazing things that you're doing. Where might people go? As we know, with OCD and health anxiety, we want a specialist to be helping us, ideally. I've noticed as a consumer that everybody and their Psychology Today platform says they treat trauma. I'm wondering how we might pass through that and find treatment providers who are skilled in this area. How might they find a trained professional? Caitlin: I'm glad you mentioned that about Psychology Today. That's the advice that I give people when they're using Psychology Today, or really any sort of platform. If this person is saying that they treat everything under the sun, then it's probably not a person that you want to link up with for something really specialized because it's-- what is the saying? “Jack of all trades, master of none.” And I start to get suspicious even that this person even does evidence-based treatment for trauma and PTSD when they've listed a thousand things. It's definitely a red flag to consider for those who are listening and maybe have had this experience.  In terms of finding a therapist, if folks are interested in PE or CPT, there's actually directories of therapists who've been trained and certified in those modalities. You can find them on-- I'm trying to think of the exact website. If you Google “Prolonged Exposure providers,” something will come up, I believe it's through Penn. You can do the same for cognitive processing therapy. If you Google, I think it's like “CPT provider roster,” you'll get a whole list of providers as well. Now, just because somebody isn't on there doesn't mean that they haven't been trained in these things. There's just a certification process that some people go through, and then they can get added to this list. If your provider says, “I'm trained in PE, I'm trained in CPT,” I would probably trust that person that, for one thing, they even know what those things are, and I'd be willing to give them a shot. Also, and I know we mentioned this on the last episode too, for anyone listening who might have PTSD and OCD, I've compiled a list of providers on my website—providers who are trained to treat both OCD and PTSD. I have that broken down by state and then a couple of international providers as well. My website is www.cmpinciotti.com.  In terms of broad resources beyond finding a provider, there are lots of organizations that have put out some really great content about PTSD—videos, handouts, blogs, articles, all sorts of things. I think the biggest place that I send people is the National Center for PTSD. This is technically run through the Veterans Administration, but anyone can use these resources. They're not only for veterans. It's very, very helpful. I'd recommend people who want more information to go there.  You can also find things on the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Alliance on Mental Illness, and so on. And then, of course, I mentioned the Trauma and PTSD in OCD Special Interest Group that I co-chair, that folks can sign up for that too, and we send out materials through there as well. Kimberley: Amazing. I am so grateful for you because I think we've covered so much in a way that feels pretty easily digestible, helps put things in perspective, and hopefully answers a lot of questions that people may be having but didn't feel brave enough to ask. Where can people find out more about you? You've already listed your website. Is there any other thing you want to tell us about the work that you're doing so that we can support you? Caitlin: On my website, in addition to the treatment provider directory, I also have some handouts and worksheets. Again, these are specific to co-occurring OCD and PTSD. That might be helpful for some folks. I also usually list on there different studies that are ongoing. I have two right now that are ongoing that I can-- oh, actually, I have three—I lied to you when I said two—that people can participate in if they're interested. There's one study that we'll be wrapping up at the end of December. That's about OCD and trauma. People can email OCDTraumaStudy@bcm.edu for more information. We also have a study that's specific to LGBTQIA+ people with OCD that also covers some things related to trauma and minority stress in that study. If folks are interested in participating in that, they can email me at PrideOCD@bcm.edu.  And the last one, and I'll plug this one the most, that if folks are like, “Well, I want to participate in a study, but I don't know which of those,” or “I only really have a few minutes of my time,” we have a really, really brief survey, and we're trying to get a representation of folks with OCD from all over the country. For anyone who's listening and who has OCD and is willing to participate, it's a 10-minute survey. You can email me at NationalOCDSurvey@bcm.edu. All of these cover the topic of trauma and PTSD within them as well. Kimberley: Thank you. I'm so grateful for you. You've come on twice in one month, and I can't thank you enough. I do value your time, but I so value as well your expertise in this area and your kindness in discussing some really difficult topics. Thank you. Caitlin: No, I appreciate it. Thanks for having me on. I hope that folks who are listening can feel a little bit more hopeful about what the future can hold for them. PTSD & TRAUMA LINKS AND RESOURCES  Find a PE provider: https://www.med.upenn.edu/ctsa/find_pe_therapist.html Find a CPT provider: https://cptforptsd.com/cpt-provider-roster/ For educational resources on PTSD: https://www.ptsd.va.gov/ To participate in a brief, 10-minute national survey on OCD: NationalOCDSurvey@bcm.edu To participate in the OCD/Trauma Overlap Study (closing at the end of December): OCDTraumaStudy@bcm.eduTo participate in a study for LGBTQIA+ people with OCD: PrideOCD@bcm.edu

Do you know the term “interoception,” the perception of the internal state of one's body? Tune into this episode for ways to help students refine their sense of interoception and gain awareness and self-control over their emotions and behavior. Dr. Amy Yillik's guest this week is Katie Diez, an occupational therapist in the High Desert Education Service District who explains the importance of students becoming mindful of their body sensations and how these sensations are linked to emotions in particular. She suggests that educators encourage students to recognize physical sensations without judgment, link them to specific emotions, and develop strategies to deal with them.  Educators can use these same methods, even as simple as deep breathing, to handle their own stress. This episode offers an array of helpful suggestions for achieving mindfulness and self-control as we help students self-regulate their behavior.      Resources -  The Significance of Interoception Mindfulness in the Classroom Resources for Educators  Katie Diez demonstrates a mindfulness exercise, bead breathing Katie Diez's “Katie Calm Time” - working with students on turn taking, impulse control, and social skills  Using Body Wisdom to Calm the Stressed Brain - OEA self-paced module Applied Educational Neuroscience Program OEA Grow is a proud member of the Labor Radio Podcast Network

An impromptu recorded episode! Shannon talks about how you don't need to label meals and snacks as "meal" or "snack" - it can simply be a time to eat. And this is based on your body cues. I also give some tips to regain body cues if you don't have any. Helpful resources to go w/ this ep: Interoceptive awareness - this is how you feel and respond to body cues How to choose what to eat, episode 41

What is interoceptive awareness and can it play a role in the development of eating disorders? What is interoceptive exposure and how can it be used in the treatment of eating disorders? In this podcast episode, Kate Fisch speaks with Dr. Melanie Smith about interoceptive exposure and awareness. She discusses how interoceptive exposure can help assist our clients and develop more effective treatments. MEET DR. MELANIE SMITH Melanie Smith, PhD, LMHC, CEDS-S, is the Director of Training for The Renfrew Center. In this role, she provides ongoing training, supervision and consultation to clinicians across disciplines for the purpose of continually assessing and improving competence in the treatment of eating disorders. Dr. Smith is co-author of The Renfrew Unified Treatment for Eating Disorders and Comorbidity Therapist Guide and Workbook (Oxford University Press), is a Certified Eating Disorders Specialist and Approved Supervisor, and is a Certified Therapist & Trainer for the Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP).  Visit Melanie Smith to find out more.   IN THIS PODCAST What is interoception? What is interoceptive awareness? How can we use interoceptive exposure to help clients? The brain and body image.   Where do we start in terms of interoception? “Let's start with interoception in and of itself. This is just our body's internal perception, so our bodily senses of what is happening inside our body.” Dr. Melanie Smith Our clients are always looking for as many tools as they can to treat their eating disorder clients. It is important for us, as therapists, to understand all the factors that can influence eating disorders… “When we think about eating disorder application; our ability to sense if I'm hungry, if I'm full, if my stomach doesn't feel good; all of that is what we're talking about when we're talking about interoception.” Dr. Melanie Smith   What then is interoceptive awareness? “Interoceptive awareness is the level to which we are consciously aware of the things happening inside our bodies.” Dr. Melanie Smith   It is important to understand what level of interoceptive awareness a client has and how they react to what is happening inside the body, because most of us, most of the time, shouldn't be (or aren't) noticing things such as our heart beating or ourselves breathing. “Heightened levels of interoceptive awareness also results in heightened anxiety about what is happening inside our body. So we might start to overthink it or overinterpret what it means.” Dr. Melanie Smith   How can we use interoceptive exposure to help clients?   “The ultimate goal with interoceptive exposure is to intentionally evoke those same unpleasant, uncomfortable sensations. So, we're going to allow ourselves to experience that emotion, allow it to rise, BUT allow it to fall and learn that this is actually something we can tolerate.” Dr. Melanie Smith   Interoceptive exposure seems to align with other methods and skills that we already understand as therapists or clinicians. If we were to think about Mentalizing, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy or Dialectic Behavioral Therapy. “Those same principles are absolutely at work here, which is why I would suggest it as a wonderful adjunctive that could nicely coincide with any of those treatment approaches.” Dr. Melanie Smith   When was this developed and is there any current research into the method?   “The first places you'll see it in the literature as a proposed intervention, from an experimental standpoint, was back in the late 80s, maybe early 90s. But I think in the 80s specifically, it was proposed as a Cognitive behavioral exposure-based intervention for panic disorders.” “There's also a lot of really interesting evidence out there and people doing more trials with this with individuals with PTSD because when you think about trauma response and the way that trauma is held within the body, and that bodily reaction, you're not going to talk someone out of that. There have been really successful applications with other chronic illnesses and chronic pain.” Dr Melanie Smith   When talking to a family or talking to a client and trying to explain what is happening to us or to your brain start by explaining; You have your brain which is the organ which Neurologists take care of, and then you have your mind which is a little bit less tangible and it's what us therapists take care of. One of the issues that we have is that our civilization, which is backed by our minds, has actually evolved faster than our brains have so our brains get activated by perceived threat and still think tigers are chasing us. It's still our brain, that primitive Caveman Limbic system, deep in the depths of our primitive brain that is not aware that it's not a tiger. That's that overinterpretation of threat. When our brain is not aware that it is not a tiger. So it is still dropping all of those neurochemicals associated with running for your life. Now our minds are thinking; “there's not a tiger - so why is my heart beating this fast?”. My heart's beating that fast because my brain told it to because it thinks I'm running from a tiger.  There's something about that idea of separating the brain from the mind that really helps people understand that they're not defective. They're not doing something wrong, or their loved one isn't doing something wrong or isn't broken. In fact, you're the opposite of broken. Your brain is working magnificently, it's doing exactly what it's designed to do. Now our mind needs to override that brain part and that feels like such a good starting point.   “Those teaching examples and metaphors I think are so brilliant. I literally start with that one, usually the tiger. That's one of my teaching examples.” Dr. Melanie Smith   Let's talk about what this all looks like in a therapy room and any examples you may have. “All of the education kind of stuff we just talked about, you have to bring in the room with a client using language that is appropriate developmentally and, again, relationally; like it's not a science class but we are teaching them about science.” Dr Melanie Smith   It is clear that introspective exposure is a tool that therapists and clinicians can incorporate, but as a method of treatment, this is not something you're going to start off with. We need to get past certain stages in therapy and have foundational blocks before we move onto using interoceptive exposure with clients. This is a fascinating topic and Dr. Melanie Smith provides valuable insights, information and examples throughout the podcast. To read the article or find the book mentioned in the podcast, follow the links below.   RESOURCES MENTIONED AND USEFUL LINKS Visit National Library of Medicine to read the article mentioned in the podcast. Visit this  Amazon Link to get the book mentioned in the podcast.   Rate, review, and subscribe to this podcast on Apple Podcasts, Stitcher, Google Podcasts, TuneIn, and Spotify.

A few weeks ago when I released my episode about ten principles of intuitive eating, I got a question from a listener. I really appreciate questions from you, I encourage you to contact me with questions, so this episode is in response to that question. The question was ‘Does intuitive eating have a role in the treatment of eating disorders?'. The short answer is yes, absolutely it does. Intuitive eating is an evidence-based approach to treating eating disorders. But of course, there is nuance to consider and caveats to explain, which is what I explore in this episode. I will be talking a lot about eating disorders here so I encourage you, if this is a sensitive topic for you, to prepare before we jump in.Part of understanding eating disorders is understanding something called interoceptive awareness. Interoceptive awareness is the perception of physical sensations happening in your body: like when I talk about hunger and fullness cues. Another example would be feeling that your bladder is full and you have to pee. That is interoceptive awareness. These physical sensations are largely a right-brain phenomenon while eating disorders, centered around our food rules and restrictions and judgements, are mainly left-brain functions. So in treating eating disorders, we want to shift that left-brain focus into right-brain thinking. There are so many other facets of treating eating disorders with intuitive eating - from the characteristics of intuitive eating to how digestion works to understanding the difference between ‘not hungry' and ‘full' - that I share with you in this episode. This is just an overview, of course, but this discussion is to show you how, with proper help, intuitive eating certainly can work in treating eating disorders. If you feel that you might need help with an eating disorder, I encourage you to contact your physician. About Dr. Michelle TubmanDr. Michelle Tubman is a physician and health coach. She helps women ditch dieting and thrive at any size. For the longest time, she believed that weight loss was the answer to all her problems. But decades of yo-yo dieting and restriction left her miserable, unhealthy, and exhausted. Now she teaches women how harmful dieting can be and shows them the way to true health and wellness.As a physician specializing in both emergency and obesity medicine, with additional training in nutrition, eating psychology, and coaching, Michelle can tell you with certainty that dieting is dangerous. Studies associate compromised health more with yo-yo dieting than higher body weight. Yet, everywhere you turn, shrinking your body is hailed as the solution. Women don't need to change. Attitudes do. So let's stop self-shaming, speak out against sizeism, and fiercely champion unconditional self-celebration!—Resources mentioned in this episode:Evelyn Tribole, MS, RDN, CEDRD-S__Learn more about Dr. Michelle Tubman and Wayza Health:Website: www.wayzahealth.comFollow me on Facebook and Instagram

In this episode we discuss the relationship between interoceptive processing, conscious and subconscious as well as how that relates to the polyvagal theory. We explore how interoception changes in the different states of the nervous system, such as ventral vagal, sympathetic, and dorsal vagal states. We also discuss the role of interoception in emotions and feelings, and how it can impact social interactions. Our conversation begins our discussion around the importance of understanding interoceptive processing in clinical practice and hopefully offers insights into how we can support individuals with different interoceptive needs.Check out DFX's learning journeys to build your clinical reasoning skills with Tracy: https://dfxlearningjourneys.thinkific.com/ Curious about Regulation 101, follow our link or email us for more information:https://seedot.thinkific.com/courses/regulation-101 Timestamps00:00:00 - Introduction to the episode and announcement of available training00:03:23 - Discussion on the relationship between interoception and polyvagal theory00:06:19 - Importance of understanding the receptors in interoceptive processing00:08:13 - Interception extends beyond visceral organs to include other receptors00:09:19 - Interception involves both physical sensations and emotional feelings00:12:01 - Context of sensation and social touch00:14:27 - Receptors becoming bristly when not open to receive touch00:21:13 - Neuroceptive function of comfort and safety00:23:26 - Tuning into social cues and internal/external focus00:26:42 - Relationship between state and receptor activation00:28:20 - Stretch receptors and their role in processing interoceptive information00:30:07 - Electrical and chemical changes in interoceptive processing00:31:44 - The role of mismatch and posterior insula in emotion00:33:59 - Shift from subconscious to awareness-based processing00:38:44 - Impact of interoception on mobilization00:41:53 - Tracy discusses the interaction between polyvagal system and interoception00:43:08 - Tracy explains how states impact interoceptive cues and choices00:48:42 - Discussion on the role of attention in interoceptive awareness00:49:52 - The anterior insula's role in drawing attention to interoceptive signals00:50:59 - Individual differences in valence tipping and interoceptive awareness00:54:40 - Treatment considerations for interoceptive cues and shame triggersKey Takeaways:Interoception involves the processing of internal bodily sensations and emotions.Interoceptive processing is influenced by the state of the nervous system, such as the ventral vagal state, sympathetic state, and dorsal vagal state.The quality and function of interoceptive receptors can change depending on the state of the nervous system.Interoceptive cues can signal safety or threat, leading to different physiological and emotional responses.Attentional processes play a role in interoceptive processing, with the ability to shift attention between internal and external cues.Our Favourite Quote from this episode:"The valence-based function of interoception tells us if something is good or bad, and if we want more or less of it." – Tracy M Stackhouse. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

If you don't eat a 700 calorie cheeseburger because you think it's unhealthy but then proceed to eat a bunch of “healthy” stuff devoid of the essential proteins, fats, and nutrients that your body was craving in the cheeseburger, bringing your total calorie intake to 1,200….why do you keep doing that? So many times people will express to me that they eat so healthy but can't understand why they keep gaining weight. Well guess what, if you're constantly denying your cravings, which is your body's way of trying to communicate to you what it needs, and instead you're forcing yourself to eat foods that your body actually isn't look for and doesn't need, then of course your weight and appetite homeostasis is going to be way off. You have plenty of room in your diet to get all the vitamins and minerals your body needs and still have room for something like a cheeseburger. Not everything you ingest needs to be jam packed with vitamins and minerals. Your body also needs major macronutrients like protein and fat (cheeseburger). Your cravings aren't trying to deceive you. Your body is very smart. It regulates your heart rate, respiration rate, and body temperature, and it can also perfectly regulate your appetite and cravings as well if you decide to finally TRUST it. In this episode, I dive into your sense of interoceptive awareness and show you how to prioritize satisfaction so that you can stop obsessing over food, achieve health, and be free to move on with your life. Follow me on Instagram @embodied.nourishment Email inquiries to melissa@thesaltydietitian.net Work with me 1:1 by clicking here

In this episode we are delighted to be joined by Dr Lisa J. Taylor-Swanson to discuss our new ACUAWARE Study which asks; does acupuncture improve interoceptive awareness in people with chronic pain? We discuss what interoceptive awareness is and why its relevant to acupuncture.Interested in taking part in the ACUAWARE Study?If you are a US-based licensed acupuncturist, you may be eligible for taking part in this study! Please visit the Study Page for more information.About LisaLisa J. Taylor-Swanson, PhD, MAcOM, LAc is A Nursing Scientist and Licensed Acupuncturist at the University of Utah, a native of Salt Lake City, she completed her Honors BS in Psychology with a minor in Women's Studies at University of Utah. She relocated to the Pacific Northwest and completed a Master's degree in Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine (Seattle Institute of East Asian Medicine - SIEAM) and a PhD in Nursing Science (University of Washington).Dr. Taylor-Swanson has provided acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine in private practice for over 21 years with an emphasis on women's health. Most recently, Dr. Taylor-Swanson transitioned from full-time private practice to a full-time, tenure-line academic position at Utah. Dr. Taylor-Swanson previously taught at University of Washington and served as Academic Dean at SIEAM. Dr. Taylor-Swanson leads national and international collaborations on the topic of interoceptive awareness, menopause, and pain with colleagues in the United Kingdom and Australia, and serves on the Board of Directors of Society of Acupuncture Research.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.20.548178v1?rss=1 Authors: Zhang, J., Chen, D., Srirangarajan, T., Theriault, J., Kragel, P. A., Hartley, L., Lee, K. M., McVeigh, K., Wager, T., Wald, L. L., Satpute, A. B., Quigley, K. S., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., Barrett, L. F., Bianciardi, M. Abstract: The brain continuously anticipates the energetic needs of the body and prepares to meet those needs before they arise, a process called allostasis. In support of allostasis, the brain continually models the internal state of the body, a process called interoception. Using published tract-tracing studies in non-human animals as a guide, we previously identified a large-scale system supporting allostasis and interoception in the human brain with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3 Tesla. In the present study, we replicated and extended this system in humans using 7 Tesla fMRI (N = 91), improving the precision of subgenual and pregenual anterior cingulate topography as well as brainstem nuclei mapping. We verified over 90% of the anatomical connections in the hypothesized allostatic-interoceptive system observed in non-human animal research. We also identified functional connectivity hubs verified in tract-tracing studies but not previously detected using 3 Tesla fMRI. Finally, we demonstrated that individuals with stronger fMRI connectivity between system hubs self-reported greater interoceptive awareness, building on construct validity evidence from our earlier paper. Taken together, these results strengthen evidence for the existence of a whole-brain system supporting interoception in the service of allostasis and we consider the implications for mental and physical health. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.15.549072v1?rss=1 Authors: Boor, S. A., Meisel, J. D., Kim, D. H. Abstract: Animal internal state is modulated by nutrient intake, resulting in behavioral responses to changing food conditions. DAF-7 is a neuroendocrine TGF-beta ligand that regulates diverse food-related behaviors of Caenorhabditis elegans, including foraging behavior. Here, we show that in C. elegans, interoceptive cues from the ingestion of bacterial food inhibit the expression of DAF-7, a neuroendocrine TGF-beta ligand, from the ASJ pair of sensory neurons, whereas food deprivation in the presence of external chemosensory cues from bacteria promotes the expression of DAF-7 from the ASJ neurons. We show that SCD-2, the C. elegans ortholog of mammalian Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK), which has been implicated in the central control of metabolism of mammals, functions in the AIA interneurons to regulate foraging behavior and cell-non-autonomously control the expression of DAF-7 from the ASJ neurons. Our data establish an SCD-2-dependent neuroendocrine DAF-7 gene expression feedback loop that couples the ingestion of bacterial food to foraging behavior. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.13.548857v1?rss=1 Authors: Leupin, V., Britz, J. Abstract: Conscious awareness for threshold-stimuli fluctuates stochastically with the pre-stimulus brain state and variations of interoceptive signals across the cardiac and respiratory cycle. It remains debated whether interoceptive signals are suppressed or not and at what stages of processing they affect awareness in different sensory modalities. Because cardiac and respiratory activity are coupled through respiratory sinus arrythmia (RSA), we investigated the influence of the cardiac (systole/diastole) and the respiratory (inhalation/exhalation) phase on awareness-related ERPs. Subjects discriminated visual threshold stimuli while their EEG, ECG and respiration were simultaneously recorded. We compared ERPs and their intracranial generators for stimuli identified correctly with and without awareness as a function of the cardiac and respiratory phase. Cyclic variations of interoceptive signals from the baroreceptors (BRs) modulated both the earliest electrophysiological markers and the trajectory of brain activity when subjects became aware of the stimuli: the P1 was the earliest marker of awareness for low (diastole/inhalation) and the VAN for high (systole/exhalation) BR activity, indicating that interoceptive signals interfere with sensory processing of the visual input. Likewise, activity spread from the anterior insula to prefrontal cortex during low and from the posterior insula to posterior parietal cortex during high BR activity, providing a new solution to the debate whether activity in prefrontal or posterior parietal cortex is crucial for awareness: these regions were differentially recruited as a function of cyclic variations of BR activity rather than task demands. Our results suggest that the cardiac and respiratory rhythms are important rhythms that shape awareness-related brain activity. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

There's growing evidence that signals sent from our internal organs to the brain play a major role in regulating emotions and fending off anxiety and depression.Interoception may be less well known than the “outward facing” senses such as sight, hearing, taste, touch and smell, but it has enormous consequences for your wellbeing. Scientists have shown that our sensitivity to interoceptive signals can determine our capacity to regulate our emotions, and our subsequent susceptibility to mental health problems such as anxiety and depression.It is now one of the fastest moving areas in neuroscience and psychology, with academic conferences devoted to the subject and a wealth of new papers emerging every month. There is an exponential growth in interoceptive research. These findings include promising new ways for you to “tune in” to the body and alter your perception of its interoceptive signals – techniques that may help treat a host of mental health problems. It is only by listening to the heart, it seems, that we can take better care of the mind.Time Stamps:1:18--The growing research around Interoceptive signals4:52--The senses we tend to focus on with body awareness7:55--You will not be able to change, unless you can become aware of your inner experience10:00--Shelley was in her emotions after our oldest son left and how her workout put her in a different awareness12:07--Why physical workouts are so important13:18--Why mindfulness is so importantShow Notes:Order a copy of Chad's book Shock Point or order an ebook here.Leave us a review and subscribe on Apple iTunes or Subscribe on SpotifyFind us at bigselfschool.comJoin us on LinkedIn

In this episode, I interviewed Lacey Ramirez. Lacey is a yoga teacher, global health researcher, and writer based in St. Louis. Through her work, she seeks to make yoga accessible, inclusive, and equitable. I came across Lacey's work after reading her article in Yoga U Online on the Research on the Benefits of Embodiment and Interoceptive Awareness. We spoke about this and more on the podcast. Support the showConnect with Inner Peace Yoga Therapy Email us: info@innerpeaceyogatherapy.com Website Instagram Facebook

Yoga teacher Jenni Rawlings and Exercise Science professor Travis Pollen discuss what research suggests about whether we should truly “always listen to our body”.Points of discussion include:A review of interoceptionDo yoga & mindfulness practices actually improve interoception?What's the connection between interoception and anxiety?Does what we feel in our body necessarily reflect what is actually taking place in our body?Do feelings of back stiffness correlate to actual biomechanical back stiffness?The conundrum of treating pain in a rehab context when pain does not necessarily correlate with tissue damageShould rehab exercises be painful or not painful?Is the sensation we feel at the end of a stretch an accurate reflection of the mechanical end range of our tissue's length?What role does interoception play in athletic performance?Do elite runners have better interoception than non-runners?…And much more!Enjoy this engaging and eye-opening discussion for yoga, movement, and fitness geeks!Resources mentioned in this episode:Jenni's email newsletterStrength for Yoga Remote Group Training – ongoing, interactive monthly strength program for yogis designed by Jenni & TravisResearch study: Feeling stiffness in the back: a protective perceptual inference in chronic back painResearch study: Interoceptive differences in elite sprint and long-distance runners: A multidimensional investigationOnline yoga class library & yoga anatomy workshops with JenniStrength for Yoga email newsletterTo find out more about Travis Pollen: website / InstagramMusic used with generous permission from Dischord A Cappella.**Become a supporter of the Yoga Meets Movement Science podcast – starting at $3/month!

“Let's take a closer look at all eight sensory systems… Visual input (sight): We see through our eyes. They take in rays of light that create tiny pictures on the back of our eyeball. Our brain interprets the signals it receives from the eyeball and tells us what we are looking at. Gustatory input (taste): Our taste cells react to food and beverages. They tell us about flavours, texture and temperature. They are clustered in the mouth, tongue and throat and receive five specific tastes – salty, sweet, bitter, sour and umani (savory). Tactile input (touch): Our tactile system helps us to understand the important sensations of pressure, texture, hot and cold, and pain. This includes discriminating between light touch and firm touch, and textures from dry to wet and messy. Our tactile system is also associated with bonding and relationships. Hearing input (auditory): We receive auditory input through our ears to gauge whether they are important or just part of our everyday, as well as where they come from, how close they are, and whether we've heard them before. Olfactory input (smell): The sensory receptors in our nose pick up information about the odours around us. They pass that information along a channel of nerves to the brain. The power of smell can be underestimated. It is strongly linked to emotion and memory (neurobiological) and therefore can trigger unexpected trauma reactions. Vestibular input (balance): These receptors are in the inner ear and stimulation occurs through any change in position, direction or movement of the head. Vestibular input contributes to our sense of body position in space, posture and muscle tone, the maintenance of a stable visual field, bilateral co-ordination, a sense of equilibrium/balance and gravitational awareness. Proprioceptive input (movement): This system is in our muscles, tendons, ligaments and joint receptors. It tells us where our body is in space and detects and controls force and pressure. It helps us to feel grounded and know where we are and what we are doing. Interoceptive input (internal): Sometimes called the hidden sense, the interoceptive system gives us the ability to feel what is happening inside our body. It plays a role in influencing emotions and sense of wellbeing and detects changes in our internal state. These include hunger and fullness, thirst, body temperature, heart and breathing rates, social touch, muscle tension, itch, nausea, sleepiness and more.” --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/antonio-myers4/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/antonio-myers4/support

This week's episode of The Growth Guide podcast features Steve Magness, a performance coach who works with athletes, entrepreneurs and executives. He is the author of the book "Do Hard Things: Why We Get Resilience Wrong and the Surprising Science of Real Toughness".  He talks about his book which brings a radical rethinking of how we perceive toughness and what it means to achieve our high ambitions in the face of hard things.[02.41] Defining toughness – What people commonly think toughness means, comparing physical toughness vs. inner strength.[08.48] Training model – Why are people caged in an outdated training model to develop children using archaic military-style methods, when the US military has updated their training model.[15.03] Fear as a motivator – Why fear works as a motivator for a short period of time.[16:22] Ditching the facade – Acting or appearing tough is just faking it until you make it, until reality smacks us in the face. [25.00] Duality of life – We only show people what we want them to see. Steve dives into how dangerous it is when people show only their bright side on social media.[35.52] Arrogance vs. confidence – Confidence is not about being perfect. Steve explains what is lacking in people who try too hard to let others know they are confident and how you can build inner confidence.[41.30] Overcorrecting – We have a bias towards always correcting and what happens we tend to overcorrect.[47.11] Interoceptive system – Steve defines the interoceptive system and explains how it works. [56.32] Being alone in your head – How to learn to practice cognitive behavior therapy by making it simple and consistent in your life.[01.03.50] Using 2nd or 3rd Person – How referring to yourself in the 2nd or 3rd person can free you up to deal with the thought instead of having to be in charge.. [01.16.09] Stimulus and response – Increasing the gap between a stimulus and a response to improve your response.[01.24.14] Intrinsic motivation – Autonomy, mastery, and belonging are the three components that need to cultivate intrinsic motivation. ResourcesConnect with SteveLinkedIn - linkedin.com/in/steve-magness/ Website - stevemagness.com/ (Personal)                 thegrowtheq.com/ (Company)Twitter - twitter.com/stevemagness Book by Steve – Do Hard Things: Why We Get Resilience Wrong and the Surprising Science of Real ToughnessBook by Marcus Aurelius – MeditationsBook by Viktor E. Frankl – Man's Search for Meaning

This week I'm joined by Jessica Flanigan Brown and we're discussing:What is the missing link with people who are struggling with Intuitive Eating? What is Interoceptive Awareness, and how important is it for Intuitive and Mindful Eating? How does a normal person develop Interoceptive Awareness to assist with their relationship with food? What is Self-Compassion and what are some common misconceptions with it?Why Self-Compassion for eating? How much does our unconscious affect eating?Why your beliefs aren't necessarily true but can have a big impact on how you show up in the world.Emotional math of eating, what is it and how to navigate eating without judgements, and Your Inner Eater.Jessica's websiteJessica's self compassion eating course for disordered eatingJessica's instagramBuilt by Alicia: A 30 day elevated strength training program designed to help you stay forever jacked, sustainably lean—and maintain it— for real30 days: 4 workouts/week + weekly Boosts + optional active recovery day + VOXER support (M/W/F) + optional 1:1 session(s). Excited to have you join!!If you'd like my 1:1 support in ditching diets for good & finding a balanced, flexible, & sustainable approach to achieving your body goals, then I'd love to connect: info@wellnesswithalicia.com OR fill out my application form.Send me a DM on Instagram: @aliciamayconnorsCheck out my Website: www.wellnesswithalicia.comCheck back every week for a NEW episode! Currently available on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, and Amazon Music.

Intereoception specialist Ian joins me to define the term, proprioception, the benefits of it, potential disadvantages, its impact on social skills, the four E's, the humane use of technology, VR, are researchers embodied, and more. A juicy geeky discussion. Website - www.yourinnersense.co.uk  Social media accounts : YouTube Inner Sense https://www.youtube.com/c/InnerSenseKnowYourInnerWorld Personal Instagram https://www.instagram.com/iantennantphd/  Personal Twitter https://twitter.com/IanTennant_PhD Articles / book links https://www.amazon.co.uk/Restoring-Balance-return-natural-health/dp/B0858TYDXD/  Ian Tennant PhD  Ian designs and delivers research on how to harness a type of body awareness known as interoception to help people feel more embodied and to improve wellbeing. He runs a clinic offering manual therapy, health mentoring and group sessions for body awareness and movement. His career started in medical research before he moved on to managing regional- and national-level environmental projects and training in therapies. The Inner Sense YouTube Channel was set up by Ian to help marry the large ecology of practices that involve somatic experiencing and embodiment with the latest academic research on interoception.   Other episodes you may enjoy : https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/the-embodiment-podcast/id1284562064?i=1000576467744 https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/the-embodiment-podcast/id1284562064?i=1000560737051 Thanks for listening!

Huberman Lab Podcast Notes In the 1960s and 1970s, meditation and psychedelic use were talked about as one in the same practiceTo get better at falling asleep or manage lost sleep, try yoga nidra or non-sleep deep rest at some point during the dayIf your goal is to increase focus, and mood, and deliberately control shifts in interoception/exteroception, traditional meditation is beneficialA wandering mind is an unhappy mind: what people are thinking at any given moment is a better predictor of happiness than what people are doing – being fully engaged in what you're doing is the strongest predictor of happinessChoosing the right meditation for the moment: test whether you are in an interoceptive or exteroceptive state; then, choose the meditation that allows you to go against the grain of your natural state to train your body, brain, and increased neural plasticity for trait changesMeditation tip: instead of dwelling on your ability to remain focused, think about your ability to refocus – that's where the training and magic happensKey question to ask before meditation: do you want to be more relaxed or more alert through the meditation practiceHow long should you meditate? Just like exercise, the best form of meditation is the one you do consistentlyTurning focus on breathing pattern can in itself be a form of meditation practiceGeneral rule of breathwork: if inhales are longer than exhales, you will shift into more alert state; if you focus on longer, more vigorous exhales you will relaxThree main considerations of meditation practice: (1) exteroceptive versus interoceptive focus; (2) breathing pattern; (3) continuum between interoception and dissociationPractice to start meditation:Close your eyes and try to put 100% of focus on the third eye or breathing for three breaths;Open eyes and visually focus on one body part or area for three breaths;Look at something in the environment for three breaths;Focus on something further for three breaths;Acknowledge you are a small body in a large world for three breaths;Step back to interoception for three breathsRemember, pay attention to breathing the whole timeRead the full notes @ podcastnotes.orgIn this episode, I discuss the biological mechanisms of the state changes that occur during different types of mediation and describe how to develop the mediation practice optimal for you. I explain key meditation principles, such as using specific breathwork patterns and adjusting your perception to specific locations along the continuum between interoception, exteroception and dissociation. I discuss how meditation practices lead to long-term trait changes and neuroplasticity, including changing your default mood, reducing baseline anxiety/depression, increasing your ability to focus, enhancing relaxation, improving sleep, and increasing your overall happiness level. I also explain the concept behind the “third-eye center,” what mindfulness is from a biological standpoint, the power of ultra-brief meditations and how to select the best meditation and time and duration to meditate to meet your need. I also explain a novel open-eyed perception-based meditation that may enhance focus, relaxation and task-switching ability. Whether you are a novice or an experienced meditator or simply interested in how our brain controls different aspects of conscious awareness and self-regulation, this episode should interest you. Thank you to our sponsors AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://www.insidetracker.com/huberman Thesis: https://takethesis.com/huberman ROKA: https://www.roka.com/huberman Supplements from Momentous https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman Huberman Lab Premium https://hubermanlab.com/premium For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com Timestamps (00:00:00) Meditation (00:04:13) InsideTracker, Thesis, ROKA, Momentous Supplements (00:08:25) Brief History of Meditation: Consciousness, Psychedelics, fMRI (00:16:19) How the Brain Interprets the Body & Surrounding Environment; Mindfulness (00:26:07) Neuroscience of Mediation; Perceptual Spotlights (00:32:27) AG1 (Athletic Greens) (00:33:41) Interoception vs. Exteroception (00:42:20) Default Mode Network, Continuum of Interoception & Exteroception (00:53:30) Tools: Interoceptive or Exteroceptive Bias, Meditation Challenge (01:01:48) State & Trait Changes, Interoceptive & Exteroceptive Meditations, Refocusing (01:07:35) Tool: Brief Meditations, Waking Up App (01:10:30) “Third Eye Center” & Wandering Thoughts (01:20:46) Mediation: Practice Types, Focal Points & Consistency (01:24:10) Breathwork: Cyclic Hyperventilation, Box Breathing & Interoception (01:30:41) Tool: Meditation Breathwork, Cyclic vs. Complex Breathwork (01:39:22) Interoception vs. Dissociation, Trauma (01:47:43) Model of Interoception & Dissociation Continuum (01:53:39) Meditation & Dissociation: Mood, Bias & Corresponding Challenge (02:00:18) Meditation & Sleep: Yoga Nidra, Non-Sleep Deep Rest (NSDR) (02:11:33) Choosing a Meditative Practice; Hypnosis (02:14:53) Tool: Space-Time Bridging (STB) (02:25:00) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Social Media Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac Disclaimer

Tuning in is a cultivated skill that's in many East Asian Medicine practitioner's toolbox. We learn early on to bring our intention, attention, and awareness to the clinic encounter. To pick up subtle movement and cues on the diagnostic table.  But our "tuning in" often tends to focus on "outside facing" senses; the appearance, smell, sound, taste, or feel of something. Interoception turns the gaze to internal sensing—from the clenching of the stomach, to the beating of the heart, or tension in the muscles. It's tuning in to what is going on inside the body. Nurturing interoceptive awareness and honing a heightened bodily awareness helps us and our patients in our clinical work. It improves our capacity to understand, interpret, and process the world around us. In this panel discussion with Lisa Taylor Swanson, Elizabeth Osgood-Campbell, and Nick Lowe, we explore interoceptive awareness. We unpack how mindfulness practices can help us cultivate our inner knowing and how ancient Chinese theories factor into all this. We also touch on the use of cutting-edge technologies to track our clinical outcomes and how placebo is merely stuff we don't yet understand about medicine. Listen into this discussion on making meaning of our inner sensations and leaning on this to improve our embodied experiences and clinical outcomes.

In this episode, I discuss the biological mechanisms of the state changes that occur during different types of mediation and describe how to develop the mediation practice optimal for you. I explain key meditation principles, such as using specific breathwork patterns and adjusting your perception to specific locations along the continuum between interoception, exteroception and dissociation. I discuss how meditation practices lead to long-term trait changes and neuroplasticity, including changing your default mood, reducing baseline anxiety/depression, increasing your ability to focus, enhancing relaxation, improving sleep, and increasing your overall happiness level. I also explain the concept behind the “third-eye center,” what mindfulness is from a biological standpoint, the power of ultra-brief meditations and how to select the best meditation and time and duration to meditate to meet your need. I also explain a novel open-eyed perception-based meditation that may enhance focus, relaxation and task-switching ability. Whether you are a novice or an experienced meditator or simply interested in how our brain controls different aspects of conscious awareness and self-regulation, this episode should interest you. Thank you to our sponsors AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://www.insidetracker.com/huberman Thesis: https://takethesis.com/huberman ROKA: https://www.roka.com/huberman Supplements from Momentous https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman Huberman Lab Premium https://hubermanlab.com/premium For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com Timestamps (00:00:00) Meditation (00:04:13) InsideTracker, Thesis, ROKA, Momentous Supplements (00:08:25) Brief History of Meditation: Consciousness, Psychedelics, fMRI (00:16:19) How the Brain Interprets the Body & Surrounding Environment; Mindfulness (00:26:07) Neuroscience of Mediation; Perceptual Spotlights (00:32:27) AG1 (Athletic Greens) (00:33:41) Interoception vs. Exteroception (00:42:20) Default Mode Network, Continuum of Interoception & Exteroception (00:53:30) Tools: Interoceptive or Exteroceptive Bias, Meditation Challenge (01:01:48) State & Trait Changes, Interoceptive & Exteroceptive Meditations, Refocusing (01:07:35) Tool: Brief Meditations, Waking Up App (01:10:30) “Third Eye Center” & Wandering Thoughts (01:20:46) Mediation: Practice Types, Focal Points & Consistency (01:24:10) Breathwork: Cyclic Hyperventilation, Box Breathing & Interoception (01:30:41) Tool: Meditation Breathwork, Cyclic vs. Complex Breathwork (01:39:22) Interoception vs. Dissociation, Trauma (01:47:43) Model of Interoception & Dissociation Continuum (01:53:39) Meditation & Dissociation: Mood, Bias & Corresponding Challenge (02:00:18) Meditation & Sleep: Yoga Nidra, Non-Sleep Deep Rest (NSDR) (02:11:33) Choosing a Meditative Practice; Hypnosis (02:14:53) Tool: Space-Time Bridging (STB) (02:25:00) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Social Media Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac Disclaimer

Physical symptoms of anxiety are usually at the top of everyone's "talk about" list. Today I'm joined by my friend and anxiety therapist Jenna Overbaugh to talk about how we can learn to fear the physical sensations of anxiety and how this relates to exercise. We also chat about interoceptive exposure and how it can be useful in addressing your fear of the physical symptoms of anxiety. Jenna is always a great guest and this episode is no exception, so listen in! For full show notes on this episode: https://theanxioustruth.com/229 --- My books, social, and other links: https://theanxioustruth.com/links Support The Anxious Truth: https://theanxioustruth.com/support Music Credit: AfterGlow by Ben Drake (with permission) https://bendrakemusic.com

In today's episode, The Yoga Pro Podcast Host, Business Coach, Yoga Therapist, and Actress, Pamela Crane Certified Yoga Therapist-MS, C-IAYT, E-RYT 500, YACEP is not shy to take the stage!  As Pamela partners in conversation with me about being a deep worker instead of a light worker, we get into some of the weeds others miss... Today's Episode is Sponsored by Mind Body Brand Academy : You are 8 weeks from a Career Pivot you Crave and a Life You'll Love   Listen in to hear Pamela's Unique push toward Yoga Professionals: We are talking about showing ourselves some grace when taking the stage and evolving as successful women, professionals, and human beings getting support getting on stage.  Expanding The Yoga Therapist's Role in Performance Training Stage and Visibility Equality Yoga Off the Mat: The real deep transformational stuff Interoceptive yoga practice and energy clearing to be heard and prepared for invitations The difference between coaches and therapists  Shifting Financial Wounds into Conscious Leadership Her core values, confidence as fluid philosophy and take on Yoga pros show up authentically  The Jump back into an identity she has not had in her life for years We also speak of some of the touchy talks around Cultural Appropriation, Aging using the Curves of Life, Emerging pearls of decades-lived wisdom over career impact, how not to need 10x everything to define your success and she shares a special vulnerable moment over how important coming out of our own shells as emerging leaders is when we are truly evolving humans.  Guest Contact: To reach out to learn more about Pamela reach out to her website.  Her company Interoceptive Performance is an evidence-based comprehensive hub of cutting-edge information for heart-centered entrepreneurs who are looking to gain confidence to bring their work online. We focus on interoception to delve deep into the physical, mental, and emotional bodies to bring out your personal and professional best as well as proven techniques for success on camera. Schedule a free call with Pamela HERE   Get 10 Free tips for confidence on camera Visit The YOga Pro Podcast  Pamela's Links for Good Stuff

Show notes & resources here.

Back in 2018, we did an episode on interoception, one of our hidden senses. Now, 4 years later, we've learned a LOT more about this hidden sense and we are sharing it with you in this episode! We dive into what interoceptive dysfunction can look like and our favorite strategies to help. Be sure to check the show notes for links and free resources! Don't forget - our podcast is now on YouTube!!!!Be sure to check out the show notes on our blog at  Harkla.Co/Podcast.Brought To You By HarklaThis podcast is brought to you by Harkla.  Our mission at Harkla is to help those with special needs live happy and healthy lives. We accomplish this through high-quality sensory products & child development courses.Podcast listeners get 10% off their first order at Harkla with the discount code "sensory". Head to Harkla.co/sensory to start shopping now.LinksPrimitive Reflex Digital CourseAll Things Sensory Podcast Instagram Harkla YouTube ChannelHarkla Website Harkla InstagramEp 19 The Hidden Sense of Interoception Free Social Story TemplateHarkla Blog - What is Interoception?Harkla YouTube - 5 Activities for Interoception The Zones of Regulation The Alert Program Article: Interoception in Anxiety and DepressionArticle: Interoceptive Awareness Skills for Emotional Regulation

Last time, we discussed how letting go of our sense of self can significantly impact our lives by reducing mental suffering, improving productivity, and helping us experience the benefits of awe. This week, we'll explore another question together:Can our mindsets make us healthier?Our beliefs can indeed exert surprising physiological effects. A recent randomized clinical trial discovered that educating children about the side effects of allergy immunotherapy greatly improved patient compliance and parental anxiety during treatment for peanut allergies.Oral immunotherapy is an emerging treatment for allergies in which patients are given gradually larger doses of an allergen in order to promote immune tolerance. The appearance of mild reactions to treatment like a scratchy throat or congestion can sometimes concern children and parents alike since these symptoms closely resemble those of a more severe allergic reaction like anaphylaxis. The anxiety can be so great that families may skip doses or stop treatment completely. In the study, telling children that side effects may be beneficial and even help overcome allergy in the long term allowed kids to successfully complete treatment and experience fewer side effects when exposed to actual peanuts.Why might a positive mindset change our response to something like allergens? Let's dive a little deeper to find out.Mindsets 101Our mindsets affect our perceptions of reality and are influenced by our upbringing, cultural values, and environments. Marketing, advertising, and health influencers shape our attitudes towards foods, exercise plans, and lifestyle practices.Many of our mindsets are simply the result of mimetic desire, meaning we imitate what others want. We desire what is socially desirable. Mimetic desire describes how social influences like parents, peers, teachers, media, and society impact nearly all our decisions from our career aspirations to the partners we choose.Dr. Alia Crum, Professor of Psychology at Stanford, studies how mindsets affect health and physical performance. She defines mindsets as core beliefs or assumptions about a domain. Whether we think stress is enhancing or debilitating influences the outcomes that follow. Whether we believe the nature of intelligence is fixed or malleable affects motivation and the ability to persist during academic challenges.Mindset vs. PlaceboWhile the origins of the placebo effect may have been based on insufficient evidence, science suggests that the way we feel about something does in fact impact the way it affects us. We often forget that the total effect of a medical treatment is a combination of the chemical properties of that drug plus the placebo effect, which consists of social context, beliefs or mindsets, and our body's natural physiological ability to heal.Mindset and Food MetabolismDo our beliefs change our bodies' physiological response to food?Dr. Crum conducted a well-known study, sometimes called the “milkshake study,” in which she administered identical vanilla milkshakes to the same group of people separated by a week. Participants were initially told they were drinking a calorie-rich, indulgent milkshake full of fat and sugar. The second time, volunteers were told they were drinking a healthy, sensible, nutritious meal shake.Levels of a gut hormone called ghrelin were measured before and after drinking each set of milkshakes. Sometimes called the “hunger hormone,” ghrelin signals to the hypothalamus in the brain that it's time to seek out food. After a large meal, ghrelin levels drop, telling your body that you've eaten enough.Scientists originally thought that ghrelin levels fluctuated in response to nutrient intake alone. Eat a cheeseburger, and ghrelin levels drop substantially. Eat a salad? Not so much. But Crum discovered something else entirely in her milkshake study.She found that telling people that they were drinking something indulgent caused their ghrelin levels to drop threefold more than when they thought they were drinking a low-calorie shake. In other words, simply believing that they were consuming something filling caused their bodies to respond as if they actually were.This evidence suggests that we may be able to manipulate metabolism with our mindsets. Crum argues that these findings require us to rethink our traditional metabolic model of “calories in, calories out,” which doesn't account for the influence of mindset on physiology. According to Crum,“Our beliefs matter in virtually every domain, in everything we do. How much is a mystery, but I don't think we've given enough credit to the role of our beliefs in determining our physiology, our reality.”Should we cultivate mindsets of abundance?Counterintuitively, the belief that we're eating indulgent foods rather than healthy ones seems to result in improved satiety and better health outcomes. The reason we observe this correlation may be due to the power of abundance and scarcity mindsets. Stephen Covey was the first to coin these terms in his seminal book, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People.The scarcity mindset is grounded in destructive competition and subscribes to the idea that opportunity is a finite pie such that if one person takes a large piece, there is less available for everyone else. Individuals with an abundance mindset, on the other hand, reject the notion of zero-sum games and believe there is more than enough to go around.An abundance mindset allows us to celebrate the successes of others and share profits, power, and recognition. According to Covey, embracing an abundance mindset allows for freedom and mental clarity, which enables us to more effectively pursue our goals. Similar mechanisms may be at play when we consume food from a mindset of indulgence.The calmness that accompanies the belief that we have more than enough to eat may lead to lower levels of the stress hormone cortisol, thereby preventing excessive ghrelin stimulation and the urge to overeat. In other words, operating from a mental place of abundance or indulgence may reduce chronic stress and therefore improve our metabolic health.If an indulgence mindset can promote health, can actually consuming indulgent foods also lead to health benefits? Unfortunately, the science suggests otherwise. A 2020 review article published in the journal Nutrition Research described how satiety cues that promote a sense of fulness and satisfaction typically inhibit cravings for more food.But Western diets rich in energy, sugar, and saturated fats seem to impair these inbuilt mechanisms of appetite reduction by hijacking our brain's reward pathways and inappropriately releasing dopamine to reinforce behaviors. So how can we restore normal appetite regulation and cultivate a healthier relationship with food? Intuitive eating may provide a possible answer.Can we make eating more intuitive?Stress reduction may be one of the mechanisms by which intuitive eating improves well-being. Intuitive eating relies on a skill called interoception, which describes our ability to sense internal signals from our bodies. Interoception originates in the insular cortex of the brain and can help us register the sensation of hunger or predict our approximate heart rate.Intuitive eating relies on satiety and appetite signals to guide eating habits instead of using emotional, social, or chronological cues. Interoceptive sensitivity has been associated with healthier BMIs, higher levels of self-esteem, and reduced incidence of disordered eating patterns compared to other dieting methods.Many of us may have a reduced capacity for interoception due to chronic pain or trauma, a tendency to suppress emotions, or eating to always clean our plates instead of eating until we're full. Retraining our bodies to perceive and respond to physiological signals can help reduce cravings and improve self-regulation.Dr. Kent Berridge, a professor of psychology and neuroscience at the University of Michigan, recommends that we “allow the craving to happen; just notice it, feel it, and let it fade.” This approach is part of mindfulness-based eating awareness training (MB-EAT), which has been shown to help alleviate stress-induced cravings, improve self-control, and reduce symptoms of depression.Mindfulness-based eating awareness involves regulating emotions, consciously making food choices, developing an awareness of hunger and satiety cues, and cultivating a sense of self-acceptance. The goal is to redirect our attention to the here and now and prevent cycles of rumination. Regularly practicing mindfulness has been shown to stimulate changes in brain activity, including reduced activation of the amygdala, a brain region involved in fear and anxiety.Mindfulness can even stimulate the “relaxation response,” a term coined by Dr. Herbert Benson, founder of Harvard's Mind/Body Medical Institute. The relaxation response is the opposite of the body's adrenaline-charged “fight or flight” response and encourages our bodies to release chemicals that increase blood flow to the brain. Many different practices can elicit the relaxation response, including guided imagery, muscle relaxation, massage, prayer, meditation, tai chi, qi gong, and yoga.Mindset and Exercise MetabolismWe've already seen how mindset can impact physiological responses to food. But can mindset also affect how our bodies respond to exercise? Harvard Psychologist Ellen Langer conducted an experiment to find out. She decided to study female hotel workers who engaged in a lot of physical activity as part of their daily jobs: pushing carts, changing linens, scrubbing bathrooms, vacuuming, and climbing stairs.When surveyed about their exercise habits, one third of the women reported not getting any exercise at all. The majority of housekeepers estimated low levels of personal exercise—an average of a three on a scale of zero to ten. Even though these women were very active, they didn't perceive themselves as engaging in lots of exercise. They thought their work was just work.Researchers divided these women into two groups and told the experimental group that their work was good exercise and met the guidelines for an active lifestyle. Subjects in the control group weren't given any information. Throughout the study, Langer tracked metrics like weight, body fat, and blood pressure.Four weeks later, the group that had received positive counseling about the benefits of work-associated exercise lost two pounds on average and decreased their systolic blood pressure by about ten points. The control group didn't experience weight loss benefits and only droppped systolic blood pressure by an average of two points.Women who were informed about the benefits of exercise also exhibited improvements in body fat, waist-to-hip ratio, and BMI, none of which were observed in the control group. No other detectable behavioral changes such as increased physical activity or dietary changes seemed to be at play.These findings mean that objective health benefits like cardiovascular disease risk and weight maintenance depend not only on what we're doing but also on what we think about what we're doing.To recap, mindsets have a profound impact on our metabolism by affecting our physiological responses to diet, exercise, and medication. What you believe about the nutritional content of your food considerably affects the way it impacts your brain and body. Adopting a mindset of indulgence, satisfaction, and enjoyment can help us feel more satiated after meals by manipulating levels of hormones like cortisol and ghrelin.Eating nutritious foods with an indulgent mindset may provide the best of both worlds. Retraining ourselves to eat when hungry instead of eating due to stress or boredom can help reduce cravings and prevent overeating. Intuitive eating and mindfulness practice can help you inhibit your body's stress response, identify your underlying feelings, and choose alternatives to comfort food, like a soothing cup of tea.Thinking more positively about our daily activity levels can help us more effectively leverage the benefits of work-related exercise. Mindsets may even affect the severity of immune reactions by modulating our stress response, inhibiting cortisol release, stabilizing mast cells, and preventing the formation of downstream inflammatory compounds like histamine.Listen to “Evolving with Nita Jain” on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, Amazon Music, Audible, Google Podcasts, Soundcloud, Deezer, TuneIn, RadioPublic, Stitcher, Castbox, Pocket Casts, Player FM, Podcast Index, Castro, Overcast, Listen Notes, Podchaser, Goodpods, or iHeart Radio!Music for this episode, “New Beginnings” by Joshua Kaye, was provided courtesy of Syfonix. Some links are affiliate and help support my mission to share actionable health insights with the general public. Thank you! This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit nitajain.substack.com

Hi everyone,In this episode, I have the pleasure of speaking with the skilled practitioner  Rachel Lewis-Marlow from the Embodied Recovery Institute.I first heard Rachel speak at the Polyvagal Institute Summit about a Polyvagal approach to working with eating disorders. It was so interesting that I had to have her share her knowledge with you as a guest on the podcast.Please see below for additional information about Rachel and links to the Embodied Recovery Institute.It would be a great honor if you could share this or other episodes with colleagues. Please "like" the podcast, or leave a review via your favorite listening platform.This episode is so rich. Please see some topics that we discuss:The current understanding and approach to working with Eating disordersAn Embodied approach to working with Eating disorders- integrating Sensory-Motor Psychotherapy, Somatic Experiencing, and Polyvagal TheoryEmbodied Recovery Lens- understanding the biology such as epigenetics, birth history, attachment and........Role of Primitive Reflexes in the body and rhythms of moving toward or awayLooking at eating disorder behaviour as the body's way of speaking- about your sense of safetyWindow of tolerance and ventral vagal statesThe Embodied Recovery model: moving away from traditional approaches of eliminating eating disorder behaviour,  to being curious and decoding behaviours....looking for patternsRestricting, Binging, Purging- expressions of emotional statesLearn about the "Action State" and the Embodied Recovery ApproachRole of Relational Cycle- relation to others/relation to sensory or motor experiences that nourish Ability to differentiate Interoceptive signals in Eating DisordersPVT- it is the same nervous system that governs digestion that identifies and connects with safetySafety is not the absence of danger- there is a big difference between being protected and being safe! How does this impact ED.The field of treating Eating Disorders is often one of fear....."you will die if you do not eat" - how can your nervous system support nourishment when in fear!Recovery is an additive process to nourish the nervous system- not taking things away The importance of an integrated approach to recovery The body is a resource for recoveryThe vital role of the practitioner and their willingness to embody regulationAbout Rachel.Rachel Lewis-Marlow is a somatically integrative psychotherapist, dually licensed in counseling and therapeutic massage and bodywork and the Co-founder of the Embodied Recovery Institute which provides training to eating disorders professionals in a trauma-informed, relationally oriented and somatically integrated model of eating disorders treatment.  She is a Certified Advanced Practitioner in Sensorimotor Psychotherapy and has advanced training and 25+ years experience in diverse somatic therapies including Craniosacral Therapy, Energetic Osteopathy, Oncology massage and Aromatherapy. Rachel began providing somatically integrative psychotherapy to eating disorders patients at the residential, PHP and IOP levels of care. Currently,  in private practice in Chapel Hill, NC, Rachel works with people healing from trauma, eating disorders, and dissociative disorders. She has extensive experience as a teacher and presenter, focusing on accessing the body's unique capacity to give voice to the subconscious and to lay the foundation for healing and maintaining psychological and physical health.Embodied Recovery Institute- https://embodiedrecovery.org/

Resources:Book- "Interoception: The eighth sensory system"https://www.amazon.com/Interoception-Sensory-Kelly-J-Mahler/dp/1942197144Articles-Brown, R.F., Giummarra, M.J., Hatfield, T.R., and Lenggenhager, B. Autism spectrum disorder and interoception: Abnormalities in global integration? Autism. 2019(1). 212-222.Critchley, H. & Tsakiris, M. 2016. Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition, and mental health. Philosophical Transactions B. DuBois D, Ameis SH, Lai MC, Casanova MF, Desarkar P. Interoception in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A review. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2016 Aug;52:104-11.Fiene, L., & Brownlow, C. (2015). Investigating interoception and body awareness in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research. Doi:10.1002/aur.1486Garfinkel, S.N., Tiley, C., O'Keeffe, S., Harrison, N.A., Seth, A.K., & Critchley, H.D. (2016). Discrepancies between dimensions of interoception in autism: implications for emotion and anxiety. Biological psychology, 114, 117-126.Hobson H, Brewer R, Catmur C, Bird G. The Role of Language in Alexithymia: Moving Towards a Multiroute Model of Alexithymia. Emotion Review. 2019;11(3):247-261. Khoury, Nayla M et al. “Interoception in Psychiatric Disorders: A Review of Randomized, Controlled Trials with Interoception-Based Interventions.” Harvard review of psychiatry vol. 26,5 (2018): 250-263. Seth AK. Interoceptive inference, emotion, and the embodied self. Trends Cogn Sci. 2013;17(11):565–73.Shah P, Hall R, Catmur C, Bird G. Alexithymia, not autism, is associated with impaired interoception. Cortex. 2016 Aug;81:215-20. Sterling, P. 2012. Allostasis: a model of predictive regulation. Physiology and Behavior 106(1). 5-15. Youtube channel with helpful hintsInteroception & Traumawww.kelly-mahler.comThank you for listening.We appreciate your feedback, please rate and review wherever you listen.If you like the show, please subscribe and share with a friend!———Stay in touch at https://www.musictherapyandbeyond.comFollow us on Instagram @musictherapyandbeyondFollow us on Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/musictherapyandbeyond

Guest Introduction: Catie Sondrol is an occupational therapist and co-owner of Milemarkes therapy who has served many families throughout the Mohave Valley county in Arizona for the past 18 years. They provide occupational therapy, speech therapy, physical therapy, music therapy, habilitation, and adult day programs and work service programs.  She has completed mentorship training with the STARS Institute and Avanti Therapeutic Projects. Interview from the dialogue: How would you in your own words describe sensory difficulties for the client's you have seen in your past? Confusion, disorganization, or chaos of inputs to the body.  When the brain is connecting the dots, the 8 senses afford a clear understanding of what's happening both inside and outside of the body.  But when the mangled messages become impairing or overwhelming it can lead to a variety of defensive behaviors. Do only children on the spectrum experience sensory issues? No, sensory doesn't discriminate.  Oftentimes there is a comorbidity.  Sometimes there isn't.    What may sensory processing difficulties look like? Avoiding or shutting down, fleeing or escaping, or anger and fighting.  When the body becomes overwhelmed by an input or is confused by how to process the input these external “behaviors” are what we often see.  Routine and structure become input in the person's life so that they can structure their environment to minimize the likelihood of experiencing the noxious sensory event. What are the various sensory (senses) that individuals may have trouble with? We all learn about our 5 senses in school.  So of course those are senses we can have trouble with.  But in OT school we learn about 3 other senses.  Interoceptive, vestibular, and proprioceptive. Is my child hyposensitive or hypersensitive? We need to be careful with over all classifications or generalizations.  Individuals are often a mixed back of this and it is specific to the sensory system.  Example I might be hypersensitive to vestibular input meaning I don't like to swing and feel like I am going to throw up, but I might be hyposensitive to touch which means I seek a lot of touch and deep pressure.   We are talking about implementation of a sensory diet. You like to call it a sensory lifestyle. Can you elaborate more on that? A diet is a planned and scheduled activity program designed to meet a child's individual sensory needs.  A diet is something you discontinue.  A lifestyle is something you maintain over a lifespan.  Our sensory systems evolve and change as we grow, mature, have different environmental demands, etc.  so it is only natural that your sensory supports need to grow and change too. Sensations are like “food” for our nervous system.  Without a good supply and wide range of sensations the nervous system cannot develop to it's maximum potential.  Look at your own sensory lifestyle: when you are stressed do you chew gum, smoke, go for a run, punch a punching bag….. How do you implement a sensory lifestyle? Remember it is individualized!  Sensory experiences should be part of everyone's day, every day.  Play is an essential part of a child's development and is enriched with lots of sensory experiences.  You need to consider the “why” or what the person is trying to get from the current sensory inputs in their day. Need to consider the frequency….how often should they get input Consider the duration….when they get it for how long do they need it Consider the intensity….how much of it should they get…what is the impact…the bang for your buck! *Remember if there is a sensory “behavior” you are trying to eliminate you can't take away because it has a purpose (example chewing on a shirt)….you have to know the “why” and then find a socially appropriate replacement that will meet or exceed the threshold the body is receiving from it. ***It should leave a child feeling organized, good, and grounded. Doesn't always have to purchased equipment….get creative with play.---making a fort, ninja warrior Sensory “smart” home: quiet spaces, reducing visual clutter Pressure garments Fidget toys Weighted blankets or vests Chewable “jewelry” Colored lenses Noise reducing headphones Music Bouncy or moving chairs Swing Dream pad Lycra bed sheets Recap: Sensory processing is: How we take in, understand and organize the sensory input we receive in our world.  Sensory processing difficulties happen when a person is not effectively processing the sensory input they are receiving. This can present as behaviors in an attempt to manage the input. The 8 senses that can be impacted by sensory processing difficulties are: Touch Smell Taste Vision hearing Vestibular inner ear where we are at and orientated Interoception internal environment sleepy hungry Proprioception pressure joints movements When implementing a sensory lifestyle remember:  Your child may need a lot of input from one sense and little or less input from another sensation.  Consider frequency, intensity, and duration of the sensory activity Continue to make adjustments as our sensory needs may change day to day and overtime. Resources: To learn more about Milemarker's therapy in Arizona or to reach out to Catie directly for more resources visit: https://www.milemarkers.us/ Subscribe Now & Leave a Review Apple Podcasts, Spotify,  Google Podcast, &  Stitcher Visit our Website www.pureheartstherapy.com Follow Us: Facebook: Pure Hearts Therapy Facebook Group: Autism Family Toolkit Instagram: Purehearts_Therapy

In this podcast, Sounds True founder Tami Simon speaks with Susan Sands about her new book, The Inside Story, illuminating the surprising benefits that come with growing older and deepening our capacity to perceive our inner world more intimately. Tami and Susan discuss how interoceptive awareness is critical to our happiness as we age; body sense versus body image; the connection between having a high level of interoceptive awareness and having access to personal agency; how spiritual practices like meditation, mindfulness, and yoga help us cultivate interoceptive awareness; countering negative thoughts about our aging bodies by using "ageism disruptors"; developing a stable body image in our day to day lives; experiencing the pleasure of the inner body as we age; the positivity bias, and how it increases over time; the surprising beneficial physiological effects of aging; "mixed emotions" and the wisdom that comes with being older; the happiness curve, and how we can work to rewrite negative ageist narratives; addressing age inequality in today's society; and more.

102: Say sayonara to diet culture and HELLO to radical acceptance and self-love!  This week, we are joined by Tyler Rolling who is an Anti-diet Dietitian, Certified Intuitive Eating Counselor, Spiritual Wellness Coach, and founder of FOOD, BODY & SOUL.  What you can expect to learn: + How to navigate diet culture + How to improve your interoceptive awareness (and what that even means!) + How to read your hunger-fullness + The importance of radical self-acceptance, compassion, and love and ways to begin to cultivate it Click HERE to watch the video of the recording YouTube! Click HERE to book a free 20-minute Soul Spark connection call with Kelly.  To connect with Kelly Collins click HERE.   To view Kelly's website and blog click HERE.    Click HERE to book a FREE 30-minute Binge Eating Breakthrough Session with Tyler.   To hear Tyler's past episode on Soul Spark: How To Release Shame Around Food and Become An Intuitive Eater click HERE. To connect with Tyler Rolling click HERE. To view Tyler's website click HERE.   

Interoceptive awareness is the ability to identify, understand, and respond to internal signals in our body. In this episode of Attention Talk Radio, ADHD coach Jeff Copper (www.digcoaching.com) interviews Dr. Roberto Olivardia around the nature of interoceptive awareness and its impact on ADHD and executive function. They discuss how to improve and manage interceptive awareness to help those with ADHD conduct themselves with more intent.   Attention Talk Radio is the leading site for self-help Internet radio shows focusing on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and attention deficit disorder (ADD), including managing symptoms of attention deficit disorder, adults with ADD, or adults who have children with ADHD. Attention Talk Radio, hosted by attention coach Jeff Copper, is designed to help adults and children (particularly those diagnosed with or impacted by attention deficit disorder or its symptoms) in life or business who are stuck, overwhelmed, or frustrated. It will help adults and children get unstuck and moving forward by helping to open their minds and pay attention to what works.   Attention Talk Radio host Jeff Copper is an ADHD coach. To learn more about Jeff go to www.digcoaching.com.

Resources and products to upgrade your brain and life: https://www.mybrainfirst.comKelly Mahler is an occupational therapist, who teaches professionals, caregivers and self-helpers how to use evidence-based supports that facilitate discovery and validation of each person's unique interoception experience which in turn empowers people with self-understanding, self-regulation, health, well-being and social connection. https://www.kelly-mahler.comBrainFirst Training Institute. Accredited neuroscience and brain-based training programs for Coaches, Helping Professionals, Leaders, Educators and Trainers https://www.brainfirsttraininginstitute.comConnect with me: https://www.instagram.com/yourbraincoachInstagram for quotes & tips: https://www.instagram.com/mybrainfirstFacebook for insights and strategies: https://www.facebook.com/brainfirst

These are the nuances that get missed: Developing interoceptive awareness: Interoceptive signals include your signal to go pee or the murmurs of your heartbeat. Hunger and fullness are also interoceptive signals. Are you listening to these signals closely?  Developing more trust around food and getting rid of diet culture. Once you are able to distance yourself from the noise, it allows you space to listen to your own internal signals. That is your true north! Cultivating more body acceptance. We think that our bodies are 99% controllable however based on long term weight loss studies and the set point theory, weight is not as much in your control as you think.  Coping with emotions without food. There's so much work to be done to detangle emotions (anxiety, stress, sadness) from food. How can you meet your needs without food?  Get support If you're feeling stuck and find yourself feeling curious about intuitive eating, think about reaching out for support. I help clients on these exact issues on a daily basis.  If you liked this episode, you can find more food freedom resources here: Website: cravingfoodfreedom.com Instagram: @craving.food.freedom Click here to book a call and see other offerings!

Welcome to episode #3 of ChristLike ! This episode we will dive into the definition of interoceptive as well as cover some of the reasons we may be hard on ourselves, reject compliments, and notice physical flaws about ourselves that others may not even notice. Join us on our spiritual growth journey learning about ourselves and why we're our harshest critics.Support the show

Pamela Crane is a person who has many talents and passions, but the one interest that her career revolves around is yoga. What started as an activity she did with her students during her teaching days has evolved into an entrepreneurial career. But being a yoga professional itself isn't where it ends. Pamela takes the idea of yoga to deep places that go far beyond what is typically advertised. Pamela speaks about her commitment to providing "Intero-training" that is not only rooted in science, but also helps high performers to reach their highest potential while gearing her services towards their personal needs. Pamela and Marc exchange stories about working in the broadcast industry and Pamela's transition into becoming a full time entrepreneur.

WTF is Interoceptive Awareness?  Interoception involves communication between a bodily sensation and our brain processing the information to support physical and emotional wellbeing, and ultimately a response.  The ability to access interoceptive awareness varies greatly from person to person; for some it is relatively easy and little guidance is needed and for others, it can take training and practice.  Any type of conscious restriction causes us to detach from our body signals and ignore what is happening. The disconnect causes us to be confused and unable to read what our body is actually telling us.  In this episode, we discuss how Intuitive Eating helps us tap into our interoceptive awareness. MENTIONS Craig, A. D. (2009). How do you feel--now? The anterior insula and human awareness. Nat Rev Neurosci, 10(1), 59-70. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5985305/ SHOW SPONSORS If you're ready to give it a try, Online Therapy.com is providing an exclusive offer to our listeners for 20% off your first month. Stitch Fix:  Ready to try it out? Get $25 off your first fix!  Just Thrive Probiotics - Get 15% off your first order using code: tonyabythespoonful CTA If what we shared today resonated with you and you want a space to explore this further, click the link in our show notes to sign up for a free discovery call here.   Subscribe to our Newsletter Follow Us: Instagram and share your "Wait, what?" moments with us. Have an idea for an upcoming episode? Let us know on our Facebook page.

This episode is about interoception (not Inception! although that's a great movie), which in one brief definition means "your body talking to your mind." Dr. Nutt references a previous episode on Hypervigilance and Dissociation, that's episode 4. Interoceptive accuracy = how accurately you are aware of your body's sensations (objectively, can be measured)Interoceptive sensibility = your own judgment of your ability (how accurate you think you are)Interoceptive awareness = your own awareness of your interoceptive abilities (being aware of your accuracy)Links to the studies Dr. Nutt references about depression and interoception can be found in the full shownotes at www.healthnuttpodcast.com Follow the show on Instagram @healthnuttpodcast

What is interoceptive attention and how might it help an performer adapt to changes in individual constraints like fatigue and anxiety? Article: What Makes an Elite Shooter and Archer? The Critical Role of Interoceptive Attention   More information: http://perceptionaction.com/ My Research Gate Page (pdfs of my articles) My ASU Web page Podcast Facebook page (videos, pics, etc)   Subscribe in iOS/Apple Subscribe in Anroid/Google   Support the podcast and receive bonus content   Credits: The Flamin' Groovies – ShakeSome Action Mark Lanegan - Saint Louis Elegy via freemusicarchive.org and jamendo.com

This week we have a full panel. Meesh and Chrissy are joined by Tom, Malin and Lou to talk Interoception. Interoception is described as the internal state of the body. Interoceptive signals travel to the brain via a diversity of neural pathways which allow for sensory processing and a prediction of the internal bodily state.... sounds really complicated and scientific we know....Luckily autistic cinematographer @tomwattsdop, @neurodivergent_lou and parent of an autistic teen @sensationallearningwithpenguin are here to help us understand interoception.A fascinating discussion!Let us know what you think of our podcast via apple reviews or on our instagram page @letstalkautismpodcast

The phrase "intuitive eating" on its own may bring up all sorts of images of binging on chocolate and French fries. But the framework of Intuitive Eating and its ten principles, based on the books by registered dietitians Evelyn Tribole and Elyse Resch, constitute a whole model of self care and body trust with food. In Part I of this three part series, we talk a bit about the foundation of body trust upon which Intuitive Eating is based, and about the ways our body faithfully communicates its needs to us, no matter what we're hearing from the myriad of outside messages telling us how to manage our bodies. We explore the concept of unconditional permission to eat and how it is the only way to strip food of power that it doesn't deserve, and learn to trust our bodies to guide us. Mentioned in this episode: Intuitive Eating books, literature, and resources: https://www.intuitiveeating.orgDrop In Group Coaching: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1hquUAWs37bIklLk1nSO90HHlHSZ2dRfWuL1sJtLkXMYFind Katherine online: www.instagram.com/katzavrdwww.kznutrition.com Here's an easy way to rate the podcast: https://ratethispodcast.com/feedinghumans

Subtle Body Is An Interoceptive Map Of Central Nervous System Function | Anand Venkatraman | Tantra SrijanTalks

I'm always blown away by how simple changes to posture; how tangibly connecting with where feeling and sensation sits in the body in relation to a specific thought; how accessing experience through the body can allow us to not only shift our perception but integrate and metabolize experiences from the past that are showing up as challenges in the present. It's one thing to see this play out in real life and another to understand the mechanisms and systems at work that explains why working at the level of the body is so powerful. Why is it that shifting things in the body changes our thoughts? How does it work that we can make sense of traumatic or stressful events through body-based practices? The answer lies in understanding the nature of memory and also the function of the somatic, interoceptive, and proprioceptive nervous systems, and how they work together to create templates of our experience. In this episode we discuss: Explicit and implicit memory; the basic differences between the two and how understanding their functions and role helps us integrate traumatic stress and change any unwanted patterns and behaviors The somatic, interoceptive and proprioceptive nervous systems; their role and function in memory and why it's necessary to begin at the level of the body for us to make sense of past experiences making themselves known in the present How our nervous system functions as an integrated whole, with body informing mind and mind informing body Happy listening! ❤️ Jane

If you are a yoga professional looking for yoga information and help with skills to run your business.  This is your podcast! The Yoga Pro Podcast is a hub of information from authorities in the yoga and movement worlds as well as entrepreneurial experts to share all things “yoga biz”.  We hear from leading yoga therapists, yoga teachers, movement practitioners, successful entrepreneurs and more.   Pamela Crane (MS-Yoga Therapy, C-IAYT, E-RYT, RYT-500, YACEP) is a Certified Yoga Therapist, Actor and Dancer, and former Broadcast Journalist; and she loves having meaningful conversations around yoga practices, impacts on society, and entrepreneurship skills.  In her business, Interoceptive Performance, her passion includes helping yoga professionals learn evidence-based and scientifically supported research to augment their yoga training. Every Wednesday we will delve into the topics you want to know about and share tons of usable knowledge to up-level your business.  We love diving into the science behind how yoga works and the practical skills you need to share these practices in a sustainable way. Find out more about Pamela on her website or her Youtube channel. Connect with Pamela at www.theyogapropodcast.com or www.instagram.com/gratefullypamela Music:  "The State of Things (The Bouncy Song)" by Rena Wren is used with permission. Find her www.renawrenmusic.com Marketing: @madisoncranemarketing.  

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.31.275594v1?rss=1 Authors: Smith, R., Kuplicki, R., Teed, A., Upshaw, V., Khalsa, S. S. Abstract: Theoretical proposals have previously been put forward regarding the computational basis of interoception. Following on this, we recently reported using an active inference approach to 1) quantitatively simulate interoceptive computation, and 2) fit the model to behavior on a cardiac awareness task. In the present work, we attempted to replicate our previous results in an independent group of healthy participants. We provide evidence confirming our previous finding that healthy individuals adaptively adjust prior expectations and interoceptive sensory precision estimates based on task context. This offers further support for the utility of computational approaches to characterizing the dynamics of interoceptive processing. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.04.134288v1?rss=1 Authors: Herman, A. M., Palmer, C. E., Azevedo, R., Tsakiris, M. Abstract: Body awareness is constructed by signals originating from within and outside the body. How do these apparently divergent signals converge? We developed a signal detection task to study the neural convergence and divergence of interoceptive and somatosensory signals. Participants focused on either cardiac or tactile events and reported their presence or absence. Beyond some evidence of divergence, we observed a robust overlap in the pattern of activation evoked across both conditions in frontal areas including the insular cortex, as well as parietal and occipital areas, and for both attention and detection of these signals. Psycho-physiological interaction analysis revealed that right insular cortex connectivity was modulated by the conscious detection of both types of sensations, but with greater connectivity to occipito-parietal regions when attending to cardiac signals. Our findings speak in favour of the inherent convergence of bodily-related signals and move beyond the apparent antagonism between exteroception and interoception. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.30.070490v1?rss=1 Authors: Stoica, T., Depue, B. Abstract: Awareness of internal bodily sensations (interoception, IA) and its connection to complex socio-emotional phenomena like empathy have been postulated, yet its neural basis remains poorly understood. The goal of the present fMRI study employs a data-driven approach to investigate whether Cognitive or Affective empathy and IA share spatial and/or temporal resting state functional connectivity (rsFC). Healthy participants viewed an abstract movie demonstrated to evoke strong connectivity in intrinsic brain networks (InScapes), and resultant resting-state fMRI spatial connectivity and temporal variability data was correlated with their self-reported empathy and interoception scores. We demonstrate a complex bidirectional behavioral and neurological relationship between empathy and IA, depending on the type of empathy interrogated: Affective empathy and IA are distributed across similar spatial and temporal neural systems, while Cognitive empathy and IA are only related temporally. Specifically, increased spatial rsFC within the R IFO was associated with a decreased awareness of inner body sensations, but increased vicarious emotional experience. Furthermore, enhanced information integration between an interoceptive experience network was related to both increased sensitivity of internal sensation, but in addition, to a dampening of discomfort arising from witnessing another's pain. Finally, improved processing between brain regions part of the salience network related to not only a better sense of mind-body interconnectedness but also an improved ability to take someone's perspective. Our findings could have implications for understanding differences in empathic and interoceptive functioning without needing to probe participants with specialized tasks or questionnaires. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

In this episode, Heather & Jon begin to answer a few questions from the Bits.  First, more info about the interoceptive sense and a couple of things that may be helpful if your differently wired (gifted, Autism, SPD, 2e, etc) kiddo has mixed up interoception.  Also, a discussion about co-parenting, whether living apart or together, and the challenges of parenting together when each parent can be in a very different place with regard to the grief and acceptance process of having a differently wired child. Mentioned in this episode:      EMDR (see the brief info on Boorman Counseling.com or for more information or to find a certified EMDR therapist near you, check out emdria.org)

A sample meditation from Samantha Lotti's collection, "Embodiment 5" Embodiment 5 :on iTuneson Amazon at CD Baby From the liner notes: Personal health management is not an easy task, especially when there are so many conflicting opinions about what that's supposed to look like. Most mainstream solutions are one-size-fits-all and don't fit the long term needs of most people. Health management becomes personal and very effective when individuals are taught how to take care of themselves with simple, duplicable tools they can use everyday. Health management begins with interoceptive awareness through embodiment. Interoceptive awareness is an individual's ability to sense and monitor changing internal states of everything from the viscera and bowels to the heartbeat and the breath. Embodiment is the skill needed to develop interoceptive awareness, and is the personal felt sense of wholeness. Interoceptive awareness learned through simple embodiment techniques is the future of personal health and growth. Samantha has understood the power of teaching embodiment in her alternative health clinic and has developed these unique, guided embodiment techniques in order to teach her patients how to manage their health daily. She is now sharing these techniques globally with the launch of Embodiment 5. The album Embodiment 5 is built to teach you the stages of embodiment. The first stage, track one through three, is learning to sense your skin. The second stage, track four through six, is learning to sense what is happening on the inside of your body. The third stage, track seven through nine, is learning how to sense and relate to your external environment. If done in this order and repeated regularly, significant body and life transformations will occur. Samantha Lotti is a certified Biodynamic Craniosacral Therapist (BCST, RCST®), a liscensed acupuncturist (L.Ac.), and Board certified herbalist in Chicago, Illinois. For more information: www.biodynamichealth.com www.craniosacralpodcast.com  

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.21.053173v1?rss=1 Authors: Banellis, L., Cruse, D. Abstract: Several theories propose that emotions and self-awareness arise from the integration of internal and external signals and their respective precision-weighted expectations. Supporting these mechanisms, research indicates that the brain uses temporal cues from cardiac signals to predict auditory stimuli, and that these predictions and their prediction errors can be observed in the scalp heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP). We investigated the effect of precision modulations on these cross-modal predictive mechanisms, via attention and interoceptive ability. We presented auditory sequences at short (perceived synchronous) or long (perceived asynchronous) cardio-audio delays, with half of the trials including an omission. Participants attended to the cardio-audio synchronicity of the tones (internal attention) or the auditory stimuli alone (external attention). Comparing HEPs during omissions allowed for the observation of pure predictive signals, without contaminating auditory input. We observed an early effect of cardio-audio delay, reflecting a difference in heartbeat-driven expectations. We also observed a larger positivity to omissions of sounds perceived as synchronous than to omissions of sounds perceived as asynchronous when attending internally only, consistent with the role of attentional precision for enhancing predictions. These results provide support for attentionally-modulated cross-modal predictive coding, and suggest a potential tool for investigating its role in emotion and self-awareness. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info