Podcasts about institut pasteur

¿Un antes y un después para el sector agropecuario uruguayo? En una conferencia a la que asistieron el presidente, Yamandú Orsi, y el ministro de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Alfredo Fratti, se presentó ayer una vacuna desarrollada acá, en nuestro país, destinada a atacar la garrapata, un problema sanitario complicado que afecta cada vez más a un rubro tradicional y clave de la producción nacional y que le provoca al sector pérdidas de más de 50 millones de dólares por año. Después de tres años de investigación en el Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, la empresa nacional Scaffold Biotech, que trabaja en ingeniería de proteínas, mostró las primeras conclusiones de las pruebas realizadas con su vacuna contra la garrapata en el ganado vacuno. Y los resultados son muy auspiciosos. El ministro Fratti valoró que esta innovación puede ser uno de los hitos “más importantes para el sector agropecuario en la historia del país”. "Yo creo que va a ser de las cosas más importante a nivel de investigación vinculado al sector agropecuario que hemos visto en la historia del país hasta hoy. Si se confirmara a campo lo que están dando las pruebas, la verdad que sería un avance importantísimo, calzando además con un proyecto que nosotros tenemos de shock de lucha contra la garrapata. Sería espectacular”. Hace exactamente un año entrevistamos aquí, En Perspectiva, a Agustín Correa y Matías Machado, los científicos responsables de este avance tecnológico, integrantes del equipo del Institut Pasteur, y, además, los fundadores de la startup Scaffold Biotech. Hacemos una puesta a punto de ese proceso con uno de los impulsores de la iniciativa: Matías Machado, biofísico y doctor en Ciencias Biológicas. También, para sumar una visión desde la ganadería misma, nos acompaña Carlos Amonte, ingeniero agrónomo y coordinador del espacio En Perspectiva Interior.

Dr Philip Smith, Digital and Education Editor of Gut and Honorary Consultant Gastroenterologist at the Royal Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, UK interviews Professor Benoit Chassaing and Dr Héloïse Rytter from Microbiome-Host Interactions, INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, on the paper "In vitro microbiota model recapitulates and predicts individualised sensitivity to dietary emulsifier" published in paper copy in Gut in May 2025. Please subscribe to the Gut podcast on your favourite platform to get the latest podcast every month. If you enjoy our podcast, you can leave us a review or a comment on Apple Podcasts (https://apple.co/3UOTwqS) or Spotify (https://spoti.fi/3Ifxq9p).

”Azil științific” – iată o formă inedită de protecție, pe care universități din Europa se pregătesc să o ofere cercetătărilor din Statele Unite. Afectați de controlul ideologic și tăierea fondurilor impuse de administrația Trump, aceștia privesc tot mai insistent spre alte zări,  Europa fiind prima opțiune. Un anunț de angajare emis de Universitatea Liberă din Bruxelles (Vrije Universiteit Brussel , VUB) folosește termeni care multora le pot părea neobișnuiți pentru zilele noastre. Candidaților li se promite libertate acadamică, li se garantează lipsa interferențelor politice și a cenzurii.Mulți ar spune că toți acești termeni nici n-ar trebui incluși într-un anunț, fiind subînțeleși în mediul academic occidental.Și totuși, anunțul are o țintă precisă: cercetătorii din Statele Unite, care caută să scape de chingile ideologice impuse de administrația Trump și de tăierea fondurilor.Un adevărat „azil științific” acordat cercetătorilor americani, după cum notează ziarul britanic The Guardian.De când Donald Trump a preluat puterea, cercetătorii din SUA s-au confruntat cu atacuri din mai multe direcții. Eforturile de reducere a cheltuielilor guvernamentale au lăsat mii de angajați în pragul disponibilizării, inclusiv în instituții precum NASA, Centrul pentru Controlul și Prevenirea Bolilor sau Administrația Națională pentru Oceane și Atmosferă, principala agenție de cercetare climatică din SUA.Pe de altă parte, orientarea guvernului împotriva a ceea ce numește curentul ”woke” a căutat să elimine finanțarea pentru cercetarea în domenii care se consideră că implică diversitatea, anumite tipuri de vaccinuri sau criza climatică. Rectorul universității flamande din Bruxelles, fondată în 1834 tocmai pentru a proteja mediul academic de interferența bisericii sau a statului – spune pentru The Guardian că a decis să deschidă 12 posturi postdoctorale pentru cercetători internaționali, în special americani. Instituția din Bruxelles nu este nici pe departe singura din Europa care a început să recruteze activ cercetători americani, oferind un refugiu celor dornici să scape de represiunea administrației Trump asupra cercetării și mediului academic.În Franța, directorul prestigiosului Institut Pasteur din Paris, a declarat că lucrează deja pentru a recruta cercetători de peste Atlantic pentru domenii precum bolile infecțioase sau originile bolilor.Ministrul educației din Țările de Jos a declarat că intenționează să lanseze rapid un fond pentru a atrage cercetători în țară. El a făcut aluzie la tensiunile care au cuprins mediul academic din SUA.În timp ce Universitatea Aix-Marseille din Franța a anunțat un program – intitulat Safe Place for Science – care ar urma să finanțeze mai mult de 20 de cercetători din SUA timp de trei ani.Doritori se vor găsi.Peste 1.200 de oameni de știință care au răspuns la un sondaj al publicației Nature – trei sferturi din totalul celor chestionați – se gândesc să părăsească Statele Unite în urma perturbărilor provocate de Trump. Europa și Canada au fost alegerile de top pentru relocare, scrie revista de știință.

Dr. Gary Null provides a commentary on "Universal  Healthcare"       Universal Healthcare is the Solution to a Broken Medical System Gary Null, PhD Progressive Radio Network, March 3, 2025 For over 50 years, there has been no concerted or successful effort to bring down medical costs in the American healthcare system. Nor are the federal health agencies making disease prevention a priority. Regardless whether the political left or right sponsors proposals for reform, such measures are repeatedly defeated by both parties in Congress. As a result, the nation's healthcare system remains one of the most expensive and least efficient in the developed world. For the past 30 years, medical bills contributing to personal debt regularly rank among the top three causes of personal bankruptcy. This is a reality that reflects not only the financial strain on ordinary Americans but the systemic failure of the healthcare system itself. The urgent question is: If President Trump and his administration are truly seeking to reduce the nation's $36 trillion deficit, why is there no serious effort to reform the most bloated and corrupt sector of the economy? A key obstacle is the widespread misinformation campaign that falsely claims universal health care would cost an additional $2 trillion annually and further balloon the national debt. However, a more honest assessment reveals the opposite. If the US adopted a universal single-payer system, the nation could actually save up to $20 trillion over the next 10 years rather than add to the deficit. Even with the most ambitious efforts by people like Elon Musk to rein in federal spending or optimize government efficiency, the estimated savings would only amount to $500 billion. This is only a fraction of what could be achieved through comprehensive healthcare reform alone. Healthcare is the largest single expenditure of the federal budget. A careful examination of where the $5 trillion spent annually on healthcare actually goes reveals massive systemic fraud and inefficiency. Aside from emergency medicine, which accounts for only 10-12 percent of total healthcare expenditures, the bulk of this spending does not deliver better health outcomes nor reduce trends in physical and mental illness. Applying Ockham's Razor, the principle that the simplest solution is often the best, the obvious conclusion is that America's astronomical healthcare costs are the direct result of price gouging on an unimaginable scale. For example, in most small businesses, profit margins range between 1.6 and 2.5 percent, such as in grocery retail. Yet the pharmaceutical industrial complex routinely operates on markup rates as high as 150,000 percent for many prescription drugs. The chart below highlights the astronomical gap between the retail price of some top-selling patented pharmaceutical medications and their generic equivalents. Drug Condition Patent Price (per unit) Generic Price Estimated Manufacture Cost Markup Source Insulin (Humalog) Diabetes $300 $30 $3 10,000% Rand (2021) EpiPen Allergic reactions $600 $30 $10 6,000% BMJ (2022) Daraprim Toxoplasmosis $750/pill $2 $0.50 150,000% JAMA (2019) Harvoni Hepatitis C $94,500 (12 weeks) $30,000 $200 47,000% WHO Report (2018) Lipitor Cholesterol $150 $10 $0.50 29,900% Health Affairs (2020) Xarelto Blood Thinner $450 $25 $1.50 30,000% NEJM (2020) Abilify Schizophrenia $800 (30 tablets) $15 $2 39,900% AJMC (2019) Revlimid Cancer $16,000/mo $450 $150 10,500% Kaiser Health News (2021) Humira Arthritis $2,984/dose $400 $50 5,868% Rand (2021) Sovaldi Hepatitis C $1,000/pill $10 $2 49,900% JAMA (2021) Xolair Asthma $2,400/dose $300 $50 4,800% NEJM (2020) Gleevec Leukemia $10,000/mo $350 $200 4,900% Harvard Public Health Review (2020) OxyContin Pain Relief $600 (30 tablets) $15 $0.50 119,900% BMJ (2022) Remdesivir Covid-19 $3,120 (5 doses) N/A $10 31,100% The Lancet (2020) The corruption extends far beyond price gouging. Many pharmaceutical companies convince federal health agencies to fund their basic research and drug development with taxpayer dollars. Yet when these companies bring successful products to market, the profits are kept entirely by the corporations or shared with the agencies or groups of government scientists. On the other hand, the public, who funded the research, receives no financial return. This amounts to a systemic betrayal of the public trust on a scale of hundreds of billions of dollars annually. Another significant contributor to rising healthcare costs is the widespread practice of defensive medicine that is driven by the constant threat of litigation. Over the past 40 years, defensive medicine has become a cottage industry. Physicians order excessive diagnostic tests and unnecessary treatments simply to protect themselves from lawsuits. Study after study has shown that these over-performed procedures not only inflate costs but lead to iatrogenesis or medical injury and death caused by the medical  system and practices itself. The solution is simple: adopting no-fault healthcare coverage for everyone where patients receive care without needing to sue and thereby freeing doctors from the burden of excessive malpractice insurance. A single-payer universal healthcare system could fundamentally transform the entire industry by capping profits at every level — from drug manufacturers to hospitals to medical equipment suppliers. The Department of Health and Human Services would have the authority to set profit margins for medical procedures. This would ensure that healthcare is determined by outcomes, not profits. Additionally, the growing influence of private equity firms and vulture capitalists buying up hospitals and medical clinics across America must be reined in. These equity firms prioritize profit extraction over improving the quality of care. They often slash staff, raise prices, and dictate medical procedures based on what will yield the highest returns. Another vital reform would be to provide free medical education for doctors and nurses in exchange for five years of service under the universal system. Medical professionals would earn a realistic salary cap to prevent them from being lured into equity partnerships or charging exorbitant rates. The biggest single expense in the current system, however, is the private health insurance industry, which consumes 33 percent of the $5 trillion healthcare budget. Health insurance CEOs consistently rank among the highest-paid executives in the country. Their companies, who are nothing more than bean counters, decide what procedures and drugs will be covered, partially covered, or denied altogether. This entire industry is designed to place profits above patients' lives. If the US dismantled its existing insurance-based system and replaced it with a fully reformed national healthcare model, the country could save $2.7 trillion annually while simultaneously improving health outcomes. Over the course of 10 years, those savings would amount to $27 trillion. This could wipe out nearly the entire national debt in a short time. This solution has been available for decades but has been systematically blocked by corporate lobbying and bipartisan corruption in Washington. The path forward is clear but only if American citizens demand a system where healthcare is valued as a public service and not a commodity. The national healthcare crisis is not just a fiscal issue. It is a crucial moral failure of the highest order. With the right reforms, the nation could simultaneously restore its financial health and deliver the kind of healthcare system its citizens have long deserved. American Healthcare: Corrupt, Broken and Lethal Richard Gale and Gary Null Progressive Radio Network, March 3, 2025 For a nation that prides itself on being the world's wealthiest, most innovative and technologically advanced, the US' healthcare system is nothing less than a disaster and disgrace. Not only are Americans the least healthy among the most developed nations, but the US' health system ranks dead last among high-income countries. Despite rising costs and our unshakeable faith in American medical exceptionalism, average life expectancy in the US has remained lower than other OECD nations for many years and continues to decline. The United Nations recognizes healthcare as a human right. In 2018, former UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon denounced the American healthcare system as "politically and morally wrong." During the pandemic it is estimated that two to three years was lost on average life expectancy. On the other hand, before the Covid-19 pandemic, countries with universal healthcare coverage found their average life expectancy stable or slowly increasing. The fundamental problem in the U.S. is that politics have been far too beholden to the pharmaceutical, HMO and private insurance industries. Neither party has made any concerted effort to reign in the corruption of corporate campaign funding and do what is sensible, financially feasible and morally correct to improve Americans' quality of health and well-being.   The fact that our healthcare system is horribly broken is proof that moneyed interests have become so powerful to keep single-payer debate out of the media spotlight and censored. Poll after poll shows that the American public favors the expansion of public health coverage. Other incremental proposals, including Medicare and Medicaid buy-in plans, are also widely preferred to the Affordable Care Act or Obamacare mess we are currently stuck with.   It is not difficult to understand how the dismal state of American medicine is the result of a system that has been sold out to the free-market and the bottom line interests of drug makers and an inflated private insurance industry. How advanced and ethically sound can a healthcare system be if tens of millions of people have no access to medical care because it is financially out of their reach?  The figures speak for themselves. The U.S. is burdened with a $41 trillion Medicare liability. The number of uninsured has declined during the past several years but still lingers around 25 million. An additional 30-35 million are underinsured. There are currently 65 million Medicare enrollees and 89 million Medicaid recipients. This is an extremely unhealthy snapshot of the country's ability to provide affordable healthcare and it is certainly unsustainable. The system is a public economic failure, benefiting no one except the large and increasingly consolidated insurance and pharmaceutical firms at the top that supervise the racket.   Our political parties have wrestled with single-payer or universal healthcare for decades. Obama ran his first 2008 presidential campaign on a single-payer platform. Since 1985, his campaign health adviser, the late Dr. Quentin Young from the University of Illinois Medical School, was one of the nation's leading voices calling for universal health coverage.  During a private conversation with Dr. Young shortly before his passing in 2016, he conveyed his sense of betrayal at the hands of the Obama administration. Dr. Young was in his 80s when he joined the Obama campaign team to help lead the young Senator to victory on a promise that America would finally catch up with other nations. The doctor sounded defeated. He shared how he was manipulated, and that Obama held no sincere intention to make universal healthcare a part of his administration's agenda. During the closed-door negotiations, which spawned the weak and compromised Affordable Care Act, Dr. Young was neither consulted nor invited to participate. In fact, he told us that he never heard from Obama again after his White House victory.   Past efforts to even raise the issue have been viciously attacked. A huge army of private interests is determined to keep the public enslaved to private insurers and high medical costs. The failure of our healthcare is in no small measure due to it being a fully for-profit operation. Last year, private health insurance accounted for 65 percent of coverage. Consider that there are over 900 private insurance companies in the US. National Health Expenditures (NHE) grew to $4.5 trillion in 2022, which was 17.3 percent of GDP. Older corporate rank-and-file Democrats and Republicans argue that a single-payer or socialized medical program is unaffordable. However, not only is single-payer affordable, it will end bankruptcies due to unpayable medical debt. In addition, universal healthcare, structured on a preventative model, will reduce disease rates at the outset.    Corporate Democrats argue that Obama's Affordable Care Act (ACA) was a positive step inching the country towards complete public coverage. However, aside from providing coverage to the poorest of Americans, Obamacare turned into another financial anchor around the necks of millions more. According to the health policy research group KFF, the average annual health insurance premium for single coverage is $8,400 and almost $24,000 for a family. In addition, patient out-of-pocket costs continue to increase, a 6.6% increase to $471 billion in 2022. Rather than healthcare spending falling, it has exploded, and the Trump and Biden administrations made matters worse.    Clearly, a universal healthcare program will require flipping the script on the entire private insurance industry, which employed over half a million people last year.  Obviously, the most volatile debate concerning a national universal healthcare system concerns cost. Although there is already a socialized healthcare system in place -- every federal legislator, bureaucrat, government employee and veteran benefits from it -- fiscal Republican conservatives and groups such as the Koch Brothers network are single-mindedly dedicated to preventing the expansion of Medicare and Medicaid. A Koch-funded Mercatus analysis made the outrageous claim that a single-payer system would increase federal health spending by $32 trillion in ten years. However, analyses and reviews by the Congressional Budget Office in the early 1990s concluded that such a system would only increase spending at the start; enormous savings would quickly offset it as the years pass. In one analysis, "the savings in administrative costs [10 percent of health spending] would be more than enough to offset the expense of universal coverage."    Defenders of those advocating for funding a National Health Program argue this can primarily be accomplished by raising taxes to levels comparable to other developed nations. This was a platform Senator Bernie Sanders and some of the younger progressive Democrats in the House campaigned on. The strategy was to tax the highest multimillion-dollar earners 60-70 percent. Despite the outrage of its critics, including old rank-and-file multi-millionaire Democrats like Nancy Pelosi and Chuck Schumer, this is still far less than in the past. During the Korean War, the top tax rate was 91 percent; it declined to 70 percent in the late 1960s. Throughout most of the 1970s, those in the lowest income bracket were taxed at 14 percent. We are not advocating for this strategy because it ignores where the funding is going, and the corruption in the system that is contributing to exorbitant waste.    But Democratic supporters of the ACA who oppose a universal healthcare plan ignore the additional taxes Obama levied to pay for the program. These included surtaxes on investment income, Medicare taxes from those earning over $200,000, taxes on tanning services, an excise tax on medical equipment, and a 40 percent tax on health coverage for costs over the designated cap that applied to flexible savings and health savings accounts. The entire ACA was reckless, sloppy and unnecessarily complicated from the start.    The fact that Obamacare further strengthened the distinctions between two parallel systems -- federal and private -- with entirely different economic structures created a labyrinth of red tape, rules, and wasteful bureaucracy. Since the ACA went into effect, over 150 new boards, agencies and programs have had to be established to monitor its 2,700 pages of gibberish. A federal single-payer system would easily eliminate this bureaucracy and waste.    A medical New Deal to establish universal healthcare coverage is a decisive step in the correct direction. But we must look at the crisis holistically and in a systematic way. Simply shuffling private insurance into a federal Medicare-for-all or buy-in program, funded by taxing the wealthiest of citizens, would only temporarily reduce costs. It will neither curtail nor slash escalating disease rates e. Any effective healthcare reform must also tackle the underlying reasons for Americans' poor state of health. We cannot shy away from examining the social illnesses infecting our entire free-market capitalist culture and its addiction to deregulation. A viable healthcare model would have to structurally transform how the medical economy operates. Finally, a successful medical New Deal must honestly evaluate the best and most reliable scientific evidence in order to effectively redirect public health spending.    For example, Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel, a former Obama healthcare adviser, observed that AIDS-HIV measures consume the most public health spending, even though the disease "ranked 75th on the list of diseases by personal health expenditures." On the other hand, according to the American Medical Association, a large percentage of the nation's $3.4 trillion healthcare spending goes towards treating preventable diseases, notably diabetes, common forms of heart disease, and back and neck pain conditions. In 2016, these three conditions were the most costly and accounted for approximately $277 billion in spending. Last year, the CDC announced the autism rate is now 1 in 36 children compared to 1 in 44 two years ago. A retracted study by Mark Blaxill, an autism activist at the Holland Center and a friend of the authors, estimates that ASD costs will reach $589 billion annually by 2030. There are no signs that this alarming trend will reverse and decline; and yet, our entire federal health system has failed to conscientiously investigate the underlying causes of this epidemic. All explanations that might interfere with the pharmaceutical industry's unchecked growth, such as over-vaccination, are ignored and viciously discredited without any sound scientific evidence. Therefore, a proper medical New Deal will require a systemic overhaul and reform of our federal health agencies, especially the HHS, CDC and FDA. Only the Robert Kennedy Jr presidential campaign is even addressing the crisis and has an inexpensive and comprehensive plan to deal with it. For any medical revolution to succeed in advancing universal healthcare, the plan must prioritize spending in a manner that serves public health and not private interests. It will also require reshuffling private corporate interests and their lobbyists to the sidelines, away from any strategic planning, in order to break up the private interests' control over federal agencies and its revolving door policies. Aside from those who benefit from this medical corruption, the overwhelming majority of Americans would agree with this criticism. However, there is a complete lack of national trust that our legislators, including the so-called progressives, would be willing to undertake such actions.    In addition, America's healthcare system ignores the single most critical initiative to reduce costs - that is, preventative efforts and programs instead of deregulation and closing loopholes designed to protect the drug and insurance industries' bottom line. Prevention can begin with banning toxic chemicals that are proven health hazards associated with current disease epidemics, and it can begin by removing a 1,000-plus toxins already banned in Europe. This should be a no-brainer for any legislator who cares for public health. For example, Stacy Malkan, co-founder of the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics, notes that "the policy approach in the US and Europe is dramatically different" when it comes to chemical allowances in cosmetic products. Whereas the EU has banned 1,328 toxic substances from the cosmetic industry alone, the US has banned only 11. The US continues to allow carcinogenic formaldehyde, petroleum, forever chemicals, many parabens (an estrogen mimicker and endocrine hormone destroyer), the highly allergenic p-phenylenediamine or PBD, triclosan, which has been associated with the rise in antibiotic resistant bacteria, avobenzone, and many others to be used in cosmetics, sunscreens, shampoo and hair dyes.   Next, the food Americans consume can be reevaluated for its health benefits. There should be no hesitation to tax the unhealthiest foods, such as commercial junk food, sodas and candy relying on high fructose corn syrup, products that contain ingredients proven to be toxic, and meat products laden with dangerous chemicals including growth hormones and antibiotics. The scientific evidence that the average American diet is contributing to rising disease trends is indisputable. We could also implement additional taxes on the public advertising of these demonstrably unhealthy products. All such tax revenue would accrue to a national universal health program to offset medical expenditures associated with the very illnesses linked to these products. Although such tax measures would help pay for a new medical New Deal, it may be combined with programs to educate the public about healthy nutrition if it is to produce a reduction in the most common preventable diseases. In fact, comprehensive nutrition courses in medical schools should be mandatory because the average physician receives no education in this crucial subject.  In addition, preventative health education should be mandatory throughout public school systems.   Private insurers force hospitals, clinics and private physicians into financial corners, and this is contributing to prodigious waste in money and resources. Annually, healthcare spending towards medical liability insurance costs tens of billions of dollars. In particular, this economic burden has taxed small clinics and physicians. It is well past the time that physician liability insurance is replaced with no-fault options. Today's doctors are spending an inordinate amount of money to protect themselves. Legions of liability and trial lawyers seek big paydays for themselves stemming from physician error. This has created a culture of fear among doctors and hospitals, resulting in the overly cautious practice of defensive medicine, driving up costs and insurance premiums just to avoid lawsuits. Doctors are forced to order unnecessary tests and prescribe more medications and medical procedures just to cover their backsides. No-fault insurance is a common-sense plan that enables physicians to pursue their profession in a manner that will reduce iatrogenic injuries and costs. Individual cases requiring additional medical intervention and loss of income would still be compensated. This would generate huge savings.    No other nation suffers from the scourge of excessive drug price gouging like the US. After many years of haggling to lower prices and increase access to generic drugs, only a minute amount of progress has been made in recent years. A 60 Minutes feature about the Affordable Care Act reported an "orgy of lobbying and backroom deals in which just about everyone with a stake in the $3-trillion-a-year health industry came out ahead—except the taxpayers.” For example, Life Extension magazine reported that an antiviral cream (acyclovir), which had lost its patent protection, "was being sold to pharmacies for 7,500% over the active ingredient cost. The active ingredient (acyclovir) costs only 8 pennies, yet pharmacies are paying a generic maker $600 for this drug and selling it to consumers for around $700." Other examples include the antibiotic Doxycycline. The price per pill averages 7 cents to $3.36 but has a 5,300 percent markup when it reaches the consumer. The antidepressant Clomipramine is marked up 3,780 percent, and the anti-hypertensive drug Captopril's mark-up is 2,850 percent. And these are generic drugs!    Medication costs need to be dramatically cut to allow drug manufacturers a reasonable but not obscene profit margin. By capping profits approximately 100 percent above all costs, we would save our system hundreds of billions of dollars. Such a measure would also extirpate the growing corporate misdemeanors of pricing fraud, which forces patients to pay out-of-pocket in order to make up for the costs insurers are unwilling to pay.    Finally, we can acknowledge that our healthcare is fundamentally a despotic rationing system based upon high insurance costs vis-a-vis a toss of the dice to determine where a person sits on the economic ladder. For the past three decades it has contributed to inequality. The present insurance-based economic metrics cast millions of Americans out of coverage because private insurance costs are beyond their means. Uwe Reinhardt, a Princeton University political economist, has called our system "brutal" because it "rations [people] out of the system." He defined rationing as "withholding something from someone that is beneficial." Discriminatory healthcare rationing now affects upwards to 60 million people who have been either priced out of the system or under insured. They make too much to qualify for Medicare under Obamacare, yet earn far too little to afford private insurance costs and premiums. In the final analysis, the entire system is discriminatory and predatory.    However, we must be realistic. Almost every member of Congress has benefited from Big Pharma and private insurance lobbyists. The only way to begin to bring our healthcare program up to the level of a truly developed nation is to remove the drug industry's rampant and unnecessary profiteering from the equation.     How did Fauci memory-hole a cure for AIDS and get away with it?   By Helen Buyniski   Over 700,000 Americans have died of AIDS since 1981, with the disease claiming some 42.3 million victims worldwide. While an HIV diagnosis is no longer considered a certain death sentence, the disease looms large in the public imagination and in public health funding, with contemporary treatments running into thousands of dollars per patient annually.   But was there a cure for AIDS all this time - an affordable and safe treatment that was ruthlessly suppressed and attacked by the US public health bureaucracy and its agents? Could this have saved millions of lives and billions of dollars spent on AZT, ddI and failed HIV vaccine trials? What could possibly justify the decision to disappear a safe and effective approach down the memory hole?   The inventor of the cure, Gary Null, already had several decades of experience creating healing protocols for physicians to help patients not responding well to conventional treatments by the time AIDS was officially defined in 1981. Null, a registered dietitian and board-certified nutritionist with a PhD in human nutrition and public health science, was a senior research fellow and Director of Anti-Aging Medicine at the Institute of Applied Biology for 36 years and has published over 950 papers, conducting groundbreaking experiments in reversing biological aging as confirmed with DNA methylation testing. Additionally, Null is a multi-award-winning documentary filmmaker, bestselling author, and investigative journalist whose work exposing crimes against humanity over the last 50 years has highlighted abuses by Big Pharma, the military-industrial complex, the financial industry, and the permanent government stay-behind networks that have come to be known as the Deep State.   Null was contacted in 1974 by Dr. Stephen Caiazza, a physician working with a subculture of gay men in New York living the so-called “fast track” lifestyle, an extreme manifestation of the gay liberation movement that began with the Stonewall riots. Defined by rampant sexual promiscuity and copious use of illegal and prescription drugs, including heavy antibiotic use for a cornucopia of sexually-transmitted diseases, the fast-track never included more than about two percent of gay men, though these dominated many of the bathhouses and clubs that defined gay nightlife in the era. These patients had become seriously ill as a result of their indulgence, generally arriving at the clinic with multiple STDs including cytomegalovirus and several types of herpes and hepatitis, along with candida overgrowth, nutritional deficiencies, gut issues, and recurring pneumonia. Every week for the next 10 years, Null would counsel two or three of these men - a total of 800 patients - on how to detoxify their bodies and de-stress their lives, tracking their progress with Caiazza and the other providers at weekly feedback meetings that he credits with allowing the team to quickly evaluate which treatments were most effective. He observed that it only took about two years on the “fast track” for a healthy young person to begin seeing muscle loss and the recurrent, lingering opportunistic infections that would later come to be associated with AIDS - while those willing to commit to a healthier lifestyle could regain their health in about a year.    It was with this background that Null established the Tri-State Healing Center in Manhattan in 1980, staffing the facility with what would eventually run to 22 certified health professionals to offer safe, natural, and effective low- and no-cost treatments to thousands of patients with HIV and AIDS-defining conditions. Null and his staff used variations of the protocols he had perfected with Caiazza's patients, a multifactorial patient-tailored approach that included high-dose vitamin C drips, intravenous ozone therapy, juicing and nutritional improvements and supplementation, aspects of homeopathy and naturopathy with some Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurvedic practices. Additional services offered on-site included acupuncture and holistic dentistry, while peer support groups were also held at the facility so that patients could find community and a positive environment, healing their minds and spirits while they healed their bodies.   “Instead of trying to kill the virus with antiretroviral pharmaceuticals designed to stop viral replication before it kills patients, we focused on what benefits could be gained by building up the patients' natural immunity and restoring biochemical integrity so the body could fight for itself,” Null wrote in a 2014 article describing the philosophy behind the Center's approach, which was wholly at odds with the pharmaceutical model.1   Patients were comprehensively tested every week, with any “recovery” defined solely by the labs, which documented AIDS patient after patient - 1,200 of them - returning to good health and reversing their debilitating conditions. Null claims to have never lost an AIDS patient in the Center's care, even as the death toll for the disease - and its pharmaceutical standard of care AZT - reached an all-time high in the early 1990s. Eight patients who had opted for a more intensive course of treatment - visiting the Center six days a week rather than one - actually sero-deconverted, with repeated subsequent testing showing no trace of HIV in their bodies.   As an experienced clinical researcher himself, Null recognized that any claims made by the Center would be massively scrutinized, challenging as they did the prevailing scientific consensus that AIDS was an incurable, terminal illness. He freely gave his protocols to any medical practitioner who asked, understanding that his own work could be considered scientifically valid only if others could replicate it under the same conditions. After weeks of daily observational visits to the Center, Dr. Robert Cathcart took the protocols back to San Francisco, where he excitedly reported that patients were no longer dying in his care.    Null's own colleague at the Institute of Applied Biology, senior research fellow Elana Avram, set up IV drip rooms at the Institute and used his intensive protocols to sero-deconvert 10 patients over a two-year period. While the experiment had been conducted in secret, as the Institute had been funded by Big Pharma since its inception half a century earlier, Avram had hoped she would be able to publish a journal article to further publicize Null's protocols and potentially help AIDS patients, who were still dying at incredibly high rates thanks to Burroughs Wellcome's noxious but profitable AZT. But as she would later explain in a 2019 letter to Null, their groundbreaking research never made it into print - despite meticulous documentation of their successes - because the Institute's director and board feared their pharmaceutical benefactors would withdraw the funding on which they depended, given that Null's protocols did not involve any patentable or otherwise profitable drugs. When Avram approached them about publication, the board vetoed the idea, arguing that it would “draw negative attention because [the work] was contrary to standard drug treatments.” With no real point in continuing experiments along those lines without institutional support and no hope of obtaining funding from elsewhere, the department she had created specifically for these experiments shut down after a two-year followup with her test subjects - all of whom remained alive and healthy - was completed.2   While the Center was receiving regular visits by this time from medical professionals and, increasingly, black celebrities like Stokely Carmichael and Isaac Hayes, who would occasionally perform for the patients, the news was spreading by word of mouth alone - not a single media outlet had dared to document the clinic that was curing AIDS patients for free. Instead, they gave airtime to Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, who had for years been spreading baseless, hysteria-fueling claims about HIV and AIDS to any news outlet that would put him on. His claim that children could contract the virus from “ordinary household conduct” with an infected relative proved so outrageous he had to walk it back,3 and he never really stopped insisting the deadly plague associated with gays and drug users was about to explode like a nuclear bomb among the law-abiding heterosexual population. Fauci by this time controlled all government science funding through NIAID, and his zero-tolerance approach to dissent on the HIV/AIDS front had already seen prominent scientists like virologist Peter Duesberg stripped of the resources they needed for their work because they had dared to question his commandment: There is no cause of AIDS but HIV, and AZT is its treatment. Even the AIDS activist groups, which by then had been coopted by Big Pharma and essentially reduced to astroturfing for the toxic failed chemotherapy drug AZT backed by the institutional might of Fauci's NIAID,4 didn't seem to want to hear that there was a cure. Unconcerned with the irrationality of denouncing the man touting his free AIDS cure as an  “AIDS denier,” they warned journalists that platforming Null or anyone else rejecting the mainstream medical line would be met with organized demands for their firing.    Determined to breach the institutional iron curtain and get his message to the masses, Null and his team staged a press conference in New York, inviting scientists and doctors from around the world to share their research on alternative approaches to HIV and AIDS in 1993. To emphasize the sound scientific basis of the Center's protocols and encourage guests to adopt them into their own practices, Null printed out thousands of abstracts in support of each nutrient and treatment being used. However, despite over 7,000 invitations sent three times to major media, government figures, scientists, and activists, almost none of the intended audience members showed up. Over 100 AIDS patients and their doctors, whose charts exhaustively documented their improvements using natural and nontoxic modalities over the preceding 12 months, gave filmed testimonials, declaring that the feared disease was no longer a death sentence, but the conference had effectively been silenced. Bill Tatum, publisher of the Amsterdam News, suggested Null and his patients would find a more welcoming audience in his home neighborhood of Harlem - specifically, its iconic Apollo Theatre. For three nights, the theater was packed to capacity. Hit especially hard by the epidemic and distrustful of a medical system that had only recently stopped being openly racist (the Tuskegee syphilis experiment only ended in 1972), black Americans, at least, did not seem to care what Anthony Fauci would do if he found out they were investigating alternatives to AZT and death.    PBS journalist Tony Brown, having obtained a copy of the video of patient testimonials from the failed press conference, was among a handful of black journalists who began visiting the Center to investigate the legitimacy of Null's claims. Satisfied they had something significant to offer his audience, Brown invited eight patients - along with Null himself - onto his program over the course of several episodes to discuss the work. It was the first time these protocols had received any attention in the media, despite Null having released nearly two dozen articles and multiple documentaries on the subject by that time. A typical patient on one program, Al, a recovered IV drug user who was diagnosed with AIDS at age 32, described how he “panicked,” saw a doctor and started taking AZT despite his misgivings - only to be forced to discontinue the drug after just a few weeks due to his condition deteriorating rapidly. Researching alternatives brought him to Null, and after six months of “detoxing [his] lifestyle,” he observed his initial symptoms - swollen lymph nodes and weight loss - begin to reverse, culminating with sero-deconversion. On Bill McCreary's Channel 5 program, a married couple diagnosed with HIV described how they watched their T-cell counts increase as they cut out sugar, caffeine, smoking, and drinking and began eating a healthy diet. They also saw the virus leave their bodies.   For HIV-positive viewers surrounded by fear and negativity, watching healthy-looking, cheerful “AIDS patients” detail their recovery while Null backed up their claims with charts must have been balm for the soul. But the TV programs were also a form of outreach to the medical community, with patients' charts always on hand to convince skeptics the cure was scientifically valid. Null brought patients' charts to every program, urging them to keep an open mind: “Other physicians and public health officials should know that there's good science in the alternative perspective. It may not be a therapy that they're familiar with, because they're just not trained in it, but if the results are positive, and you can document them…” He challenged doubters to send in charts from their own sero-deconverted patients on AZT, and volunteered to debate proponents of the orthodox treatment paradigm - though the NIH and WHO both refused to participate in such a debate on Tony Brown's Journal, following Fauci's directive prohibiting engagement with forbidden ideas.    Aside from those few TV programs and Null's own films, suppression of Null's AIDS cure beyond word of mouth was total. The 2021 documentary The Cost of Denial, produced by the Society for Independent Journalists, tells the story of the Tri-State Healing Center and the medical paradigm that sought to destroy it, lamenting the loss of the lives that might have been saved in a more enlightened society. Nurse practitioner Luanne Pennesi, who treated many of the AIDS patients at the Center, speculated in the film that the refusal by the scientific establishment and AIDS activists to accept their successes was financially motivated. “It was as if they didn't want this information to get out. Understand that our healthcare system as we know it is a corporation, it's a corporate model, and it's about generating revenue. My concern was that maybe they couldn't generate enough revenue from these natural approaches.”5   Funding was certainly the main disciplinary tool Fauci's NIAID used to keep the scientific community in line. Despite the massive community interest in the work being done at the Center, no foundation or institution would defy Fauci and risk getting itself blacklisted, leaving Null to continue funding the operation out of his pocket with the profits from book sales. After 15 years, he left the Center in 1995, convinced the mainstream model had so thoroughly been institutionalized that there was no chance of overthrowing it. He has continued to counsel patients and advocate for a reappraisal of the HIV=AIDS hypothesis and its pharmaceutical treatments, highlighting the deeply flawed science underpinning the model of the disease espoused by the scientific establishment in 39 articles, six documentaries and a 700-page textbook on AIDS, but the Center's achievements have been effectively memory-holed by Fauci's multi-billion-dollar propaganda apparatus.     FRUIT OF THE POISONOUS TREE   To understand just how much of a threat Null's work was to the HIV/AIDS establishment, it is instructive to revisit the 1984 paper, published by Dr. Robert Gallo of the National Cancer Institute, that established HIV as the sole cause of AIDS. The CDC's official recognition of AIDS in 1981 had done little to quell the mounting public panic over the mysterious illness afflicting gay men in the US, as the agency had effectively admitted it had no idea what was causing them to sicken and die. As years passed with no progress determining the causative agent of the plague, activist groups like Gay Men's Health Crisis disrupted public events and threatened further mass civil disobedience as they excoriated the NIH for its sluggish allocation of government science funding to uncovering the cause of the “gay cancer.”6 When Gallo published his paper declaring that the retrovirus we now know as HIV was the sole “probable” cause of AIDS, its simple, single-factor hypothesis was the answer to the scientific establishment's prayers. This was particularly true for Fauci, as the NIAID chief was able to claim the hot new disease as his agency's own domain in what has been described as a “dramatic confrontation” with his rival Sam Broder at the National Cancer Institute. After all, Fauci pointed out, Gallo's findings - presented by Health and Human Services Secretary Margaret Heckler as if they were gospel truth before any other scientists had had a chance to inspect them, never mind conduct a full peer review - clearly classified AIDS as an infectious disease, and not a cancer like the Kaposi's sarcoma which was at the time its most visible manifestation. Money and media attention began pouring in, even as funding for the investigation of other potential causes of AIDS dried up. Having already patented a diagnostic test for “his” retrovirus before introducing it to the world, Gallo was poised for a financial windfall, while Fauci was busily leveraging the discovery into full bureaucratic empire of the US scientific apparatus.   While it would serve as the sole basis for all US government-backed AIDS research to follow - quickly turning Gallo into the most-cited scientist in the world during the 1980s,7 Gallo's “discovery” of HIV was deeply problematic. The sample that yielded the momentous discovery actually belonged to Prof. Luc Montagnier of the French Institut Pasteur, a fact Gallo finally admitted in 1991, four years after a lawsuit from the French government challenged his patent on the HIV antibody test, forcing the US government to negotiate a hasty profit-sharing agreement between Gallo's and Montagnier's labs. That lawsuit triggered a cascade of official investigations into scientific misconduct by Gallo, and evidence submitted during one of these probes, unearthed in 2008 by journalist Janine Roberts, revealed a much deeper problem with the seminal “discovery.” While Gallo's co-author, Mikulas Popovic, had concluded after numerous experiments with the French samples that the virus they contained was not the cause of AIDS, Gallo had drastically altered the paper's conclusion, scribbling his notes in the margins, and submitted it for publication to the journal Science without informing his co-author.   After Roberts shared her discovery with contacts in the scientific community, 37 scientific experts wrote to the journal demanding that Gallo's career-defining HIV paper be retracted from Science for lacking scientific integrity.8 Their call, backed by an endorsement from the 2,600-member scientific organization Rethinking AIDS, was ignored by the publication and by the rest of mainstream science despite - or perhaps because of - its profound implications.   That 2008 letter, addressed to Science editor-in-chief Bruce Alberts and copied to American Association for the Advancement of Science CEO Alan Leshner, is worth reproducing here in its entirety, as it utterly dismantles Gallo's hypothesis - and with them the entire HIV is the sole cause of AIDS dogma upon which the contemporary medical model of the disease rests:   On May 4, 1984 your journal published four papers by a group led by Dr. Robert Gallo. We are writing to express our serious concerns with regard to the integrity and veracity of the lead paper among these four of which Dr. Mikulas Popovic is the lead author.[1] The other three are also of concern because they rely upon the conclusions of the lead paper .[2][3][4]  In the early 1990s, several highly critical reports on the research underlying these papers were produced as a result of governmental inquiries working under the supervision of scientists nominated by the National Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Medicine. The Office of Research Integrity of the US Department of Health and Human Services concluded that the lead paper was “fraught with false and erroneous statements,” and that the “ORI believes that the careless and unacceptable keeping of research records...reflects irresponsible laboratory management that has permanently impaired the ability to retrace the important steps taken.”[5] Further, a Congressional Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations led by US Representative John D. Dingell of Michigan produced a staff report on the papers which contains scathing criticisms of their integrity.[6]  Despite the publically available record of challenges to their veracity, these papers have remained uncorrected and continue to be part of the scientific record.  What prompts our communication today is the recent revelation of an astonishing number of previously unreported deletions and unjustified alterations made by Gallo to the lead paper. There are several documents originating from Gallo's laboratory that, while available for some time, have only recently been fully analyzed. These include a draft of the lead paper typewritten by Popovic which contains handwritten changes made to it by Gallo.[7] This draft was the key evidence used in the above described inquiries to establish that Gallo had concealed his laboratory's use of a cell culture sample (known as LAV) which it received from the Institut Pasteur.  These earlier inquiries verified that the typed manuscript draft was produced by Popovic who had carried out the recorded experiment while his laboratory chief, Gallo, was in Europe and that, upon his return, Gallo changed the document by hand a few days before it was submitted to Science on March 30, 1984. According to the ORI investigation, “Dr. Gallo systematically rewrote the manuscript for what would become a renowned LTCB [Gallo's laboratory at the National Cancer Institute] paper.”[5]  This document provided the important evidence that established the basis for awarding Dr. Luc Montagnier and Dr. Francoise Barré-Sinoussi the 2008 Nobel Prize in Medicine for the discovery of the AIDS virus by proving it was their samples of LAV that Popovic used in his key experiment. The draft reveals that Popovic had forthrightly admitted using the French samples of LAV renamed as Gallo's virus, HTLV-III, and that Gallo had deleted this admission, concealing their use of LAV.  However, it has not been previously reported that on page three of this same document Gallo had also deleted Popovic's unambiguous statement that, "Despite intensive research efforts, the causative agent of AIDS has not yet been identified,” replacing it in the published paper with a statement that said practically the opposite, namely, “That a retrovirus of the HTLV family might be an etiologic agent of AIDS was suggested by the findings.”  It is clear that the rest of Popovic's typed paper is entirely consistent with his statement that the cause of AIDS had not been found, despite his use of the French LAV. Popovic's final conclusion was that the culture he produced “provides the possibility” for detailed studies. He claimed to have achieved nothing more. At no point in his paper did Popovic attempt to prove that any virus caused AIDS, and it is evident that Gallo concealed these key elements in Popovic's experimental findings.  It is astonishing now to discover these unreported changes to such a seminal document. We can only assume that Gallo's alterations of Popovic's conclusions were not highlighted by earlier inquiries because the focus at the time was on establishing that the sample used by Gallo's lab came from Montagnier and was not independently collected by Gallo. In fact, the only attention paid to the deletions made by Gallo pertains to his effort to hide the identity of the sample. The questions of whether Gallo and Popovic's research proved that LAV or any other virus was the cause of AIDS were clearly not considered.  Related to these questions are other long overlooked documents that merit your attention. One of these is a letter from Dr. Matthew A. Gonda, then Head of the Electron Microscopy Laboratory at the National Cancer Institute, which is addressed to Popovic, copied to Gallo and dated just four days prior to Gallo's submission to Science.[8] In this letter, Gonda remarks on samples he had been sent for imaging because “Dr Gallo wanted these micrographs for publication because they contain HTLV.” He states, “I do not believe any of the particles photographed are of HTLV-I, II or III.” According to Gonda, one sample contained cellular debris, while another had no particles near the size of a retrovirus. Despite Gonda's clearly worded statement, Science published on May 4, 1984 papers attributed to Gallo et al with micrographs attributed to Gonda and described unequivocally as HTLV-III.  In another letter by Gallo, dated one day before he submitted his papers to Science, Gallo states, “It's extremely rare to find fresh cells [from AIDS patients] expressing the virus... cell culture seems to be necessary to induce virus,” a statement which raises the possibility he was working with a laboratory artifact. [9]  Included here are copies of these documents and links to the same. The very serious flaws they reveal in the preparation of the lead paper published in your journal in 1984 prompts our request that this paper be withdrawn. It appears that key experimental findings have been concealed. We further request that the three associated papers published on the same date also be withdrawn as they depend on the accuracy of this paper.  For the scientific record to be reliable, it is vital that papers shown to be flawed, or falsified be retracted. Because a very public record now exists showing that the Gallo papers drew unjustified conclusions, their withdrawal from Science is all the more important to maintain integrity. Future researchers must also understand they cannot rely on the 1984 Gallo papers for statements about HIV and AIDS, and all authors of papers that previously relied on this set of four papers should have the opportunity to consider whether their own conclusions are weakened by these revelations.      Gallo's handwritten revision, submitted without his colleague's knowledge despite multiple experiments that failed to support the new conclusion, was the sole foundation for the HIV=AIDS hypothesis. Had Science published the manuscript the way Popovic had typed it, there would be no AIDS “pandemic” - merely small clusters of people with AIDS. Without a viral hypothesis backing the development of expensive and deadly pharmaceuticals, would Fauci have allowed these patients to learn about the cure that existed all along?   Faced with a potential rebellion, Fauci marshaled the full resources under his control to squelch the publication of the investigations into Gallo and restrict any discussion of competing hypotheses in the scientific and mainstream press, which had been running virus-scare stories full-time since 1984. The effect was total, according to biochemist Dr. Kary Mullis, inventor of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure. In a 2009 interview, Mullis recalled his own shock when he attempted to unearth the experimental basis for the HIV=AIDS hypothesis. Despite his extensive inquiry into the literature, “there wasn't a scientific reference…[that] said ‘here's how come we know that HIV is the probable cause of AIDS.' There was nothing out there like that.”9 This yawning void at the core of HIV/AIDS “science" turned him into a strident critic of AIDS dogma - and those views made him persona non grata where the scientific press was concerned, suddenly unable to publish a single paper despite having won the Nobel Prize for his invention of the PCR test just weeks before.  10   DISSENT BECOMES “DENIAL”   While many of those who dissent from the orthodox HIV=AIDS view believe HIV plays a role in the development of AIDS, they point to lifestyle and other co-factors as being equally if not more important. Individuals who test positive for HIV can live for decades in perfect health - so long as they don't take AZT or the other toxic antivirals fast-tracked by Fauci's NIAID - but those who developed full-blown AIDS generally engaged in highly risky behaviors like extreme promiscuity and prodigious drug abuse, contracting STDs they took large quantities of antibiotics to treat, further running down their immune systems. While AIDS was largely portrayed as a “gay disease,” it was only the “fast track” gays, hooking up with dozens of partners nightly in sex marathons fueled by “poppers” (nitrate inhalants notorious for their own devastating effects on the immune system), who became sick. Kaposi's sarcoma, one of the original AIDS-defining conditions, was widespread among poppers-using gay men, but never appeared among IV drug users or hemophiliacs, the other two main risk groups during the early years of the epidemic. Even Robert Gallo himself, at a 1994 conference on poppers held by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, would admit that the previously-rare form of skin cancer surging among gay men was not primarily caused by HIV - and that it was immune stimulation, rather than suppression, that was likely responsible.11 Similarly, IV drug users are often riddled with opportunistic infections as their habit depresses the immune system and their focus on maintaining their addiction means that healthier habits - like good nutrition and even basic hygiene - fall by the wayside.    Supporting the call for revising the HIV=AIDS hypothesis to include co-factors is the fact that the mass heterosexual outbreaks long predicted by Fauci and his ilk in seemingly every country on Earth have failed to materialize, except - supposedly - in Africa, where the diagnostic standard for AIDS differs dramatically from those of the West. Given the prohibitively high cost of HIV testing for poor African nations, the WHO in 1985 crafted a diagnostic loophole that became known as the “Bangui definition,” allowing medical professionals to diagnose AIDS in the absence of a test using just clinical symptoms: high fever, persistent cough, at least 30 days of diarrhea, and the loss of 10% of one's body weight within two months. Often suffering from malnutrition and without access to clean drinking water, many of the inhabitants of sub-Saharan Africa fit the bill, especially when the WHO added tuberculosis to the list of AIDS-defining illnesses in 1993 - a move which may be responsible for as many as one half of African “AIDS” cases, according to journalist Christine Johnson. The WHO's former Chief of Global HIV Surveillance, James Chin, acknowledged their manipulation of statistics, but stressed that it was the entire AIDS industry - not just his organization - perpetrating the fraud. “There's the saying that, if you knew what sausages are made of, most people would hesitate to sort of eat them, because they wouldn't like what's in it. And if you knew how HIV/AIDS numbers are cooked, or made up, you would use them with extreme caution,” Chin told an interviewer in 2009.12   With infected numbers stubbornly remaining constant in the US despite Fauci's fearmongering projections of the looming heterosexually-transmitted plague, the CDC in 1993 broadened its definition of AIDS to include asymptomatic (that is, healthy) HIV-positive people with low T-cell counts - an absurd criteria given that an individual's T-cell count can fluctuate by hundreds within a single day. As a result, the number of “AIDS cases” in the US immediately doubled. Supervised by Fauci, the NIAID had been quietly piling on diseases into the “AIDS-related” category for years, bloating the list from just two conditions - pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi's sarcoma - to 30 so fast it raised eyebrows among some of science's leading lights. Deeming the entire process “bizarre” and unprecedented, Kary Mullis wondered aloud why no one had called the AIDS establishment out: “There's something wrong here. And it's got to be financial.”13   Indeed, an early CDC public relations campaign was exposed by the Wall Street Journal in 1987 as having deliberately mischaracterized AIDS as a threat to the entire population so as to garner increased public and private funding for what was very much a niche issue, with the risk to average heterosexuals from a single act of sex “smaller than the risk of ever getting hit by lightning.” Ironically, the ads, which sought to humanize AIDS patients in an era when few Americans knew anyone with the disease and more than half the adult population thought infected people should be forced to carry cards warning of their status, could be seen as a reaction to the fear tactics deployed by Fauci early on.14   It's hard to tell where fraud ends and incompetence begins with Gallo's HIV antibody test. Much like Covid-19 would become a “pandemic of testing,” with murder victims and motorcycle crashes lumped into “Covid deaths” thanks to over-sensitized PCR tests that yielded as many as 90% false positives,15 HIV testing is fraught with false positives - and unlike with Covid-19, most people who hear they are HIV-positive still believe they are receiving a death sentence. Due to the difficulty of isolating HIV itself from human samples, the most common diagnostic tests, ELISA and the Western Blot, are designed to detect not the virus but antibodies to it, upending the traditional medical understanding that the presence of antibodies indicates only exposure - and often that the body has actually vanquished the pathogen. Patients are known to test positive for HIV antibodies in the absence of the virus due to at least 70 other conditions, including hepatitis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, syphilis, recent vaccination or even pregnancy. (https://www.chcfl.org/diseases-that-can-cause-a-false-positive-hiv-test/) Positive results are often followed up with a PCR “viral load” test, even though the inventor of the PCR technique Kary Mullis famously condemned its misuse as a tool for diagnosing infection. Packaging inserts for all three tests warn the user that they cannot be reliably used to diagnose HIV.16 The ELISA HIV antibody test explicitly states: “At present there is no recognized standard for establishing the presence and absence of HIV antibody in human blood.”17   That the public remains largely unaware of these and other massive holes in the supposedly airtight HIV=AIDS=DEATH paradigm is a testament to Fauci's multi-layered control of the press. Like the writers of the Great Barrington Declaration and other Covid-19 dissidents, scientists who question HIV/AIDS dogma have been brutally punished for their heresy, no matter how prestigious their prior standing in the field and no matter how much evidence they have for their own claims. In 1987, the year the FDA's approval of AZT made AIDS the most profitable epidemic yet (a dubious designation Covid-19 has since surpassed), Fauci made it clearer than ever that scientific inquiry and debate - the basis of the scientific method - would no longer be welcome in the American public health sector, eliminating retrovirologist Peter Duesberg, then one of the most prominent opponents of the HIV=AIDS hypothesis, from the scientific conversation with a professional disemboweling that would make a cartel hitman blush. Duesberg had just eviscerated Gallo's 1984 HIV paper with an article of his own in the journal Cancer Research, pointing out that retroviruses had never before been found to cause a single disease in humans - let alone 30 AIDS-defining diseases. Rather than allow Gallo or any of the other scientists in his camp to respond to the challenge, Fauci waged a scorched-earth campaign against Duesberg, who had until then been one of the most highly regarded researchers in his field. Every research grant he requested was denied; every media appearance was canceled or preempted. The University of California at Berkeley, unable to fully fire him due to tenure, took away his lab, his graduate students, and the rest of his funding. The few colleagues who dared speak up for him in public were also attacked, while enemies and opportunists were encouraged to slander Duesberg at the conferences he was barred from attending and in the journals that would no longer publish his replies. When Duesberg was summoned to the White House later that year by then-President Ronald Reagan to debate Fauci on the origins of AIDS, Fauci convinced the president to cancel, allegedly pulling rank on the Commander-in-Chief with an accusation that the “White House was interfering in scientific matters that belonged to the NIH and the Office of Science and Technology Assessment.” After seven years of this treatment, Duesberg was contacted by NIH official Stephen O'Brien and offered an escape from professional purgatory. He could have “everything back,” he was told, and shown a manuscript of a scientific paper - apparently commissioned by the editor of the journal Nature - “HIV Causes AIDS: Koch's Postulates Fulfilled” with his own name listed alongside O'Brien's as an author.18 His refusal to take the bribe effectively guaranteed the epithet “AIDS denier” will appear on his tombstone. The character assassination of Duesberg became a template that would be deployed to great effectiveness wherever Fauci encountered dissent - never debate, only demonize, deplatform and destroy.    Even Luc Montagnier, the real discoverer of HIV, soon found himself on the wrong side of the Fauci machine. With his 1990 declaration that “the HIV virus [by itself] is harmless and passive, a benign virus,” Montagnier began distancing himself from Gallo's fraud, effectively placing a target on his own back. In a 1995 interview, he elaborated: “four factors that have come together to account for the sudden epidemic [of AIDS]: HIV presence, immune hyper-activation, increased sexually transmitted disease incidence, sexual behavior changes and other behavioral changes” such as drug use, poor nutrition and stress - all of which he said had to occur “essentially simultaneously” for HIV to be transmitted, creating the modern epidemic. Like the professionals at the Tri-State Healing Center, Montagnier advocated for the use of antioxidants like vitamin C and N-acetyl cysteine, naming oxidative stress as a critical factor in the progression from HIV to AIDS.19 When Montagnier died in 2022, Fauci's media mouthpieces sneered that the scientist (who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2008 for his discovery of HIV, despite his flagging faith in that discovery's significance) “started espousing views devoid of a scientific basis” in the late 2000s, leading him to be “shunned by the scientific community.”20 In a particularly egregious jab, the Washington Post's obit sings the praises of Robert Gallo, implying it was the American scientist who really should have won the Nobel for HIV, while dismissing as “

Matters Microbial #78: An EXTREME Close Up of the Squid-Vibrio Symbiosis February 13, 2025 Today, Dr Ariane Briegel, Professor and head of the Integrative Structural Cell Biology research unit at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, France, joins the #QualityQuorum to discuss some of the exciting findings of her research group studying how bacteria and the ever-popular Hawaiian bobtail squid work together at a  molecular level—using cutting-edge cryo-electron  tomography! Host: Mark O. Martin Guest: Ariane Briegel Subscribe: Apple Podcasts, Spotify Become a patron of Matters Microbial! Links for this episode The (somewhat venerable) “The Eighth Day of Creation” discussed in this episode. A lovely article about the much missed Dr. Esther Lederberg.  Here is another I much enjoyed.  A website devoted to Dr. Esther Lederberg. A fun video reminder of the symbiosis between Vibrio fischeri and Euprymna scolopes.   A review of cryo-electron tomography as applied to the study of bacterial structures. A book coauthored by Dr. Briegel on the use of this technology to study cell-microbe interactions. A video on the topic of cryo-electron tomography. Another video by Dr. Briegel on this topic.   An earlier episode of #MattersMicrobial with Dr. Briegel. An article by the Moore Foundation that supports the work of Dr. Briegel. A article describing how cryo-EM can be applied to whole organisms, like roundworms.   Research websites for collaborators on this project, Dr. Edward Ruby and Dr. Margaret McFall-Ngai. Dr. Briegel's laboratory website. Dr. Briegel's academic website. Intro music is by Reber Clark Send your questions and comments to mattersmicrobial@gmail.com

Emulsifiers are among the most common food additives found in ultra-processed foods (UPFs), a much-discussed category of foods commonly defined as those made using manufactured ingredients. They are often packaged and have a long shelf life. Research examining the impact of diets high in UPFs suggests higher rates of obesity and diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.However, discussions about labeling these foods as "ultra-processed" have also sparked debates about whether their negative effects are primarily due to their high fat, sugar, and salt content, or whether they stem from the effects of processing itself, particularly the additives they contain.In this episode, Jaega Wise explores one of the most commonly used additives in UPFs—emulsifiers. She investigates how they work, what they do, their history, associated health concerns, and their potential future developments.Featuring: Nicola Lando and Ross Brown from the online specialty cooking supplies company Sous Chef; Tim Spector, professor of epidemiology at King's College London and co-founder of the personalized health app Zoe; food historian Annie Gray; John Ruff, Chief Science Advisor at the Institute of Food Technologists; Professor Barry Smith at the University of London's Centre for the Study of the Senses; Professor Anwesha Sarkar, an expert in colloids and surfaces at Leeds University's School of Food Science and Nutrition; and Dr. Benoit Chassaing, a research director at The Institut Pasteur in Paris, who studies microbiota and the health impacts of certain emulsifiers.Presented by Jaega Wise Produced in Bristol for BBC Audio by Natalie Donovan

Un equipo integrado por profesionales del Hospital Maciel y el Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, publicó un artículo en el que se identifica a una proteína que jugaría un rol clave en la respuesta del organismo de las personas que padecen obesidad.

In this episode, Ayesha spoke with John Yu, MD, CEO of Kairos Pharma, a company advancing therapies to overcome challenges in cancer drug resistance and immune suppression. Kairos is developing therapeutics that reverse cancer drug resistance in cancers such as prostate and lung cancer. The company's lead candidate, ENV105, is an antibody targeting CD105, which is implicated in cancer cell resistance to various treatments. By inhibiting CD105, ENV105 seeks to restore the effectiveness of standard therapies across multiple cancer types. Dr. Yu is also Professor and Clinical Chief of Neurosurgery, Director of the Brain Tumor Center at Cedars Sinai Medical Center. He has developed numerous immunotherapies and nanotechnologies from his National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded laboratory. This includes eight new investigational drugs with the US Food and Drug Administration. Dr. Yu has also led numerous clinical trials. Dr. Yu served in leadership roles at several biotechs, including ImmunoCellular Therapeutics and most recently served as CEO and Chairman of AcTcell and Director of Enviro Therapeutics. Dr. Yu has an MD from Harvard Medical School and MIT, and completed an Immunology Fellowship at the Institut Pasteur, Paris. Tune into the episode, to hear more about the work Dr. Yu is leading at Kairos Pharma to address cancer drug resistance. For more life science and medical device content, visit the Xtalks Vitals homepage. https://xtalks.com/vitals/ Follow Us on Social Media Twitter: https://twitter.com/Xtalks Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/xtalks/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Xtalks.Webinars/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/xtalks-webconferences YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/XtalksWebinars/featured

Lluís Quintana-Murci is a professor at the College de France in Paris where he holds the Chair of Human Genomics and Evolution. He also directs the Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit at the Institut Pasteur. I talk to him about: - The story of homo sapiens' journey out of Africa - What the study of genetics can teach us about our history - How mixing with Neanderthals and Denisovans helped us adapt and survive - What this means for a future of personalised nutrition and precision medicine - & much more Connect with Lluís: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lluis-quintana-murci-412b4035/ https://research.pasteur.fr/en/team/human-evolutionary-genetics/ "Human Peoples: On the Genetic Traces of Human Evolution, Migration and Adaptation" - https://amzn.eu/d/4HyrxPm Connect with me: https://theinsightpodcast.com https://www.twitter.com/samuelcwhart https://www.instagram.com/samuelcwhart https://www.facebook.com/samuelcwhart https://www.youtube.com/@samuelcwhart

Dr. Marcelo Hill is the Head of the Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Inflammation at the Institut Pasteur de Montevideo. He is also the Founder and Chief Scientific Officer of ARDAN ImmunoPharma. His research focuses on immune regulation in cancer, and how T cells respond to immunotherapy in melanoma. He talks about improving immunotherapy efficacy by activating the inflammasome, and how he is pushing this research towards the clinic by collaborating with industry and creating a spin-off company. He is then joined by Drs. Marion Brunck and María Julia Lamberti, who discuss the upcoming meeting of the Latin American and Caribbean Association of Immunology, taking place November 4-8 in Buenos Aires. They discuss the challenges and opportunities in the Latin American immunology community, and how this conference aims to promote collaborations and empower early-career researchers.

Colloque de rentrée 2024 - Genre et Sciences : Défenses immunitaires et dimorphisme sexuelSession 3 : Science biologique et génomique, juridiqueYasmine BelkaidDirectrice générale de l'Institut PasteurSéance animée par Vinciane Pirenne-DelforgeRésuméThe immune system serves as a potent rheostat of host physiology, a fundamental function that requires specialized regulation across tissues, age and biological sex. Such tailored control also contributes to differences in disease manifestations. Notably, sex bias in host immunity is believed to account for differences in the incidence, tropism and severity of diseases between males and females. Clinical and experimental work revealed that females tend to develop stronger responses to infections and vaccines, and have a greater incidence of autoimmune disorders than males. As an illustration of this phenomenon, sex differences in infection outcomes were recently highlighted in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with enhanced risk for severe infection and lethality in men compared to women. Differential susceptibility to infections and inflammatory disorders has been, at least in part, attributed to heightened innate and adaptive immune potency in females than males (3, 4). While several mechanisms have been proposed to account for this phenomenon, our understanding of the key players involved in shaping sex-specific immunity remains surprisingly sparse. Sexual dimorphism can result from sex chromosome and/or hormonal control of host physiology. Notably, both androgens and estrogens have been shown to have the capacity to directly impact the function of various immune cells. Sexual bias in host immunity is of particular importance in barrier tissues that are primary targets of infections, injury and chronic inflammatory disorders. Indeed, sexual dimorphism has long been recognized in the context of various barrier tissue inflammatory disorders such as asthma, atopic dermatitis and Sjögren's syndrome. Collectively, biological sex has broadly been associated with differences in the intensity and tropism of numerous disorders. How constitutive wiring of barrier tissues in males versus females predicts disease outcomes remains largely unclear, but emerging evidence supports the idea that each tissue may be differentially impacted by biological sex. For instance, comparison of 44 human tissues revealed tissue-specific differences in the number of genes differentially regulated between men and women, with the skin notably displaying the highest number of sex−biased genes. We uncovered a dominant role for type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) in shaping sexual immune dimorphism within the skin. Mechanistically, negative regulation of ILC2 by androgens leads to a reduction in dendritic cell (DC) accumulation and activation in males, and reduced tissue immunity. This recent work reveals an androgen-ILC2-DC axis in controlling sexual immune dimorphism.Yasmine BelkaidPr Yasmine Belkaid is the President of the Institut Pasteur (Paris) and the head of the Metaorganism Immunity laboratory at the Institut Pasteur. She obtained her Master in Biochemistry at the University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene in Algiers, Algeria and her PhD from the Institut Pasteur in France. Following a postdoctoral fellowship at the National Institute of health (Bethesda) on immune regulation during infection, she started her research program at the Children's Hospital Research Foundation in Cincinnati. In 2005, she joined the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) where she served as department chair of the Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Director of the trans-NIH Center for Human immunology and founder and Director of the NIAID Microbiome program prior to joining the Institut Pasteur in 2024. Her work explores fundamental mechanisms that regulate tissue homeostasis and host immune responses and uncovered key roles for the microbiota and dietary factors in the control of immunity and protection to pathogens. Her work also explores the role of the immune system in organismal remodeling and the impact of infections on maternal child DYAD. Dr Belkaid is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Academy of Medicine and recipient of numerous awards including the Lurie Prize in Biomedical Sciences, the Emil von Behring Prize, the Sanofi-Institut Pasteur Award, the Robert Koch Award and the AAI Excellence in Mentoring Award.

Kolem očkování se objevují různé mýty a hoaxy a rodiče často pod vlivem dezinformací na sociálních sítích odkládají očkování svých dětí a hazardují tak se zdravím celé populace. S profesorem mikrobiologie a vedoucím laboratoře molekulární biologie bakteriálních patogenů Mikrobiologického ústavu AV ČR Petrem Šebem se dnes podíváme na časté mýty týkající se očkování a na to, co říkají vědecká fakta. Dnešní epizoda vznikla díky podpoře ‪ @WHORegionalOfficeforEurope Podívat se na ní můžeš také na Youtube. Co se v epizodě dozvíš?

The current H5N1 avian flu outbreak in poultry and dairy cows in the US has raised the alarm on bird flu and its transmission risk across species. At present, the virus has infected 100 million birds across 48 states and 196 dairy herds across 14 states. Luckily, the H5N1 avian flu, which is very lethal in birds, does not transmit easily into humans nor does it generally cause severe and systemic symptoms when humans are infected. Still, workers most exposed to these infected animals are testing positive with 14 human cases reported so far since 2022. In this Communicable episode, hosts Angela and Nav are joined by avian flu expert Ron Fouchier (Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Netherlands) to discuss the most recent developments of the outbreak in the US and the potential risks H5N1 virus poses to humans. Understanding of the virus from its first reported outbreak in Hong Kong in 1997 to its global prevalence today is reviewed. While H5N1 bird flu does not pose as a global human health concern at present, unchecked practices in the dairy, meat, and agricultural industry sectors, in which workers are exposed to the virus, threaten to change the status quo. Learn why the threat is even more paramount in fall when human influenza or seasonal flu is widespread, and to what extent the government should also be involved in prevention and containment measures before it becomes, in Ron's words, another “missed opportunity.”          This episode was edited by Kathryn Hostettler and peer-reviewed by Dr. Simon Galmiche of the Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.LiteratureUS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). H5 Bird Flu: Current Situation. 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary 

Océane Sorel, vétérinaire chercheuse Instagrameuse (Liège, 2011) au

¿Se puede detectar el cáncer antes de que aparezcan sus síntomas? Y si esa posibilidad existiera, ¿cuánto ayudaría para diseñar los tratamientos más efectivos y aumentar las oportunidades de curación? En esto trabaja la start up uruguaya Before RNA Diagnostics (B4RNA). Esta empresa desarrolló una metodología novedosa para el diagnóstico temprano del cáncer, que consiste en la detección de moléculas que los tumores liberan en la sangre, mucho antes de producir los primeros síntomas. B4RNA fue una de las cuatro startups seleccionadas en la primera serie de Lab+ Company Builder, una “aceleradora” de empresas que creó el Institut Pasteur de Montevideo en alianza con la firma financiera Ficus Advisory. Ustedes recuerdan: ya entrevistamos a tres de esas compañías. Conocemos a la que nos faltaba: B4RNA. Conversamos En Perspectiva con su fundador, el bioquímico Juan Pablo Tosar.

We kick off season 4 of the Global Health Matters podcast with an episode that highlights the remarkable career journeys of two research leaders and the role of capacity development in their formation. Host Garry Aslanyan speaks with Wilfried Mutombo, the Head of Clinical Operations at the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as Yasmine Belkaid, President of the Institut Pasteur in France. As this episode is produced in celebration of the 50th anniversary of TDR, the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, TDR Director John Reeder also joins this episode to reflect on the challenges and future frontiers of capacity development.Related episode documents, transcripts and other information can be found on our website.Subscribe to the Global Health Matters podcast newsletter.  Follow @TDRnews on Twitter, TDR on LinkedIn and @ghm_podcast on Instagram for updates.  Disclaimer: The views, information, or opinions expressed during the Global Health Matters podcast series are solely those of the individuals involved and do not necessarily represent those of TDR or the World Health Organization.  All content © 2024 Global Health Matters. 

Usar a las bacterias a nuestro favor, ¿cómo les suena? Bueno, eso es lo que se propone la start up uruguaya LoCBio. Esta empresa es una de las cuatro empresas seleccionadas en la primera ronda de capitalización de Lab+ Venture Builders, una “aceleradora” que estableció el Institut Pasteur de Montevideo en alianza con la firma financiera Ficus Advisory. El 22 de febrero conocimos en profundidad aquí En Perspectiva cómo opera esta iniciativa dedicada a apalancar nuevas compañías basadas en ciencias de la vida y que tengan potencial a nivel mundial. También descubrimos a una de esas firmas, Guska, creada por Gonzalo Moratorio y Pilar Moreno, dos investigadores que habían ganado notoriedad durante la pandemia. Y prometimos ir recibiendo a las otras tres start ups. Hoy, justamente, les presentamos a LoCBio, que utiliza microorganismos inteligentes como herramienta para realizar diagnóstico y terapia, específicamente en cáncer colorrectal. ¿Cómo se hace para modificar el comportamiento de las bacterias? ¿Qué pueden hacer las bacterias para colaborar con el cuerpo en el combate al cáncer? Conversamos En Perspectiva con el fundador de LoCBio, Felipe Trajtenberg (45 años), quien es bioquímico y doctor en Biología Molecular y Celular.

Dr. Ruairi Robertson is a scientist studying the human gut microbiome. He is fascinated by how microbes influence the human body, and his research examines the amazing interactions between microbes and human health and disease from belly to brain.Since he started his scientific career, he has garnered many awards, including: B.Sc in Human Nutrition from University College Dublin (2012)Ph.D. in Microbiology from University College Cork (2016)Fulbright Scholarship to Harvard Medical School (2015-2016)Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship to Queen Mary University of London (2017-2022)Marie Skłodowska-Curie Postdoctoral Research Fellowship to the Institut Pasteur (2022-2023)You can find him at https://ruairirobertson.com/, Watch his fabulous talk at TEDxFulbright here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=awtmTJW9ic8&feature=youtu.beAnd, his podcast about the cutting edge of microbiome research is here: https://ruairirobertson.podbean.com/ John Bates provides 1:1 Executive Communications Coaching, both in-person and online, as well as large and small group training. Sign up for his free weekly micro-trainings at https://executivespeakingsuccess.com/subscribe/ and create a great leadership communications habit that makes you the kind of leader who inspires trust, loyalty and connection.

¿Por qué escuchar esta entrevista?   Flor es egresada de la Universidad Simón Bolívar. Magíster Scientiarum y Postdoctora en Biología del Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas. Es viróloga molecular del Ivic, líder regional en epidemiología molecular y evolución de los virus de la hepatitis, con estudios únicos sobre virus que infectan a las poblaciones amerindias venezolanas. Miembro Asesor Científico de la Universidad de las Naciones Unidas para Latinoamérica y el Caribe (UNU-BIOLAC), Individuo de Número de la Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales (ACFIMAN); y Miembro de la Academia de Ciencias de América Latina. Se unió al IVIC como Investigador posdoctorante en septiembre de 1992 y fue avanzando hasta que en mayo de 2009 alcanzó el estatus de Investigador Titular Longevo. Fue Guest Researcher en la Hepatitis Branch, en Centers for Disease Control and Prevention en Atlanta, Estados Unidos, en varias ocasiones: en 1992, 1994 y 1995. También fue Visiting Scientist en el Laboratorio Hybridotest, Institut Pasteur en París, Francia, en 1993. Ha hecho casi 200 publicaciones, entre los años 1982 hasta el 2023. También ha sido invitada a dictar más de 200 conferencias tanto en Venezuela como en países como Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Francia, Inglaterra, Italia, Laos, Marruecos, México, Nepal, Perú, República Dominicana, Uruguay y USA. Flor ha recibido innumerables reconocimientos como el Premio Johnson y Johnson, el Premio GEN, el Premio "Luis Razetti" a la Investigación Científica Aplicada; el Premio Luis Daniel Beauperthuy; el Premio Mujer de la Tierra (Avon Cosmetics; el Premio Dr. Carlos Benaim Pinto de la Sociedad Venezolana de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología; y el Premio Lorenzo Mendoza Fleury, entre otros. Explora lo que tenemos para ti en nuestra página web:  https://tramauniversity.org/ Síguenos en Instagram para estar al día con todas nuestras actividades: https://www.instagram.com/tramauniversity/

In her talk on the 2023 Paris Talks Ideas Festival's stage, Neuroimmunologist Aleksandra Deczkowska shared a fascinating story about her work. The question Aleksandra is interested in within the science of Neuroimmunology, and which we do not yet have an answer to, is how to employ the immune system to treat neurological diseases, like dementia or depression or the aftermath of a stroke. She argues that we don't know that yet. And again, it is interesting that we don't, because we do employ the immune system to cure other problems with our bodies all the time. Like infections or pain or recently even cancer! So what is so special about the brain? How come it took us so long to understand that we could employ the immune system to cure it? Well, it's an interesting story, which she shared with Paris Talks participants. This talk was filmed and recorded in March 2023 at the Paris Talks Ideas Festival at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France in Paris (France). For more information about Aleksandra's work, visit her lab, The Deczkowska lab (affiliated with the Institut Pasteur), that's is interested in better understanding the interactions between immune cells and the brain, and the role of these communication circuits in shaping the brain function in physiology, aging and disease: https://www.aleksdelab.com/ For more information about Paris Talks, please visit our website: https://www.paris-talks.com/

Océane Sorel, vétérinaire chercheuse Instagrameuse (Liège, 2011) au

Nos situamos en Londres a comienzos del siglo XIX. Una adolescente llamada Ada hace un año que está en cama con un diagnóstico de viruela. Ada, seguramente inquieta y aburrida, le envía una carta a un amigo y le pregunta: “¿Por qué el arcoíris siempre aparece ante el espectador como el arco de un círculo? ¿Por qué es un círculo y no cualquier otra cosa?”. Ese fue, quizás, su primer acercamiento a la matemática como vocación. Ada heredó el gusto por los números de su madre Anna Isabella, pero jamás pudo asistir a la universidad. Era mujer y a principios del siglo XIX las mujeres no iban a la universidad. Sin embargo, era tesonera así que estudió igual. Contra todo pronóstico, Ada Byron se convirtió en uno de los personajes más sobresalientes de la historia de la computación, una adelantada a su tiempo; es la primera programadora del mundo, la creadora de lo que hoy conocemos como el algoritmo. Desde 2009, el segundo martes de octubre se celebran los logros de las mujeres en ciencia, tecnología, ingeniería y matemáticas en su honor. Buscando achicar la brecha entre hombres y mujeres en estos campos, en estas disciplinas, la Universidad Católica otorgó por segunda vez el Premio Ada Byron a la mujer tecnóloga y científica en Uruguay. En esta oportunidad la laureada fue Lucía Spangenberg, doctora en Biología computacional, Licenciada y magíster en Bioinformática en Alemania, actualmente Investigadora en el Institut Pasteur, Profesora grado 3 en la Facultad de Medicina, en el Hospital de Clínicas y directora de su emprendimiento: GenLives. Conversamos En Perspectiva con ella.

In Re Institut Pasteur

The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation announced last week that it will invest $40 million in African drug makers. The money will help produce new messenger RNA vaccines in Africa. The continent's people were the last to receive vaccinations against COVID-19 during the pandemic. 比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会上周宣布将向非洲制药商投资 4000 万美元。 这笔资金将有助于在非洲生产新的信使 RNA 疫苗。 在大流行期间，非洲大陆的人民是最后一批接种 COVID-19 疫苗的人。 The foundation said that its investment marks an important step forward in improving vaccine equity. It said making vaccines and getting them approved for use could take at least three more years. 该基金会表示，其投资标志着在改善疫苗公平性方面向前迈出了重要一步。 报告称，生产疫苗并获得批准使用可能至少还需要三年时间。 “Whether it's for local diseases in Africa like Rift Valley (fever) or for global diseases like TB (tuberculosis), mRNA looks like a very promising approach,” Bill Gates told the Associated Press. 比尔·盖茨对美联社表示：“无论是治疗裂谷（发烧）等非洲当地疾病还是结核病（结核病）等全球疾病，mRNA 看起来都是一种非常有前途的方法。” The Microsoft founder added, during a visit to the Institut Pasteur in Dakar, Senegal, “And so it allows us to bring in lots of African capabilities to work on these vaccines, and then this can be scaled up.” 这位微软创始人在访问塞内加尔达喀尔巴斯德研究所时补充道，“这使我们能够引进大量非洲能力来研发这些疫苗，然后扩大规模。” The announcement came as the foundation opened its yearly three-day Grand Challenges event. The gathering brought together scientists and public health researchers from around the world. 这一消息是在基金会一年一度为期三天的大挑战活动开幕之际发布的。 这次聚会汇集了来自世界各地的科学家和公共卫生研究人员。 Institut Pasteur, along with South Africa-based company Biovac, will be using an mRNA research and manufacturing process developed by Quantoom Biosciences in Belgium. 巴斯德研究所与南非公司 Biovac 将使用比利时 Quantoom Biosciences 开发的 mRNA 研究和制造工艺。 The foundation is giving five million dollars to each vaccine manufacturer. It will award another $10 million to other companies not yet identified. The remaining $20 million is going to Quantoom “to further advance the technology and lower costs.” 该基金会向每个疫苗制造商捐赠 500 万美元。 它将另外奖励 1000 万美元给其他尚未确定的公司。 剩下的 2000 万美元将捐给 Quantoom，“以进一步推进技术并降低成本”。 Pfizer and its partner BioNTech along with Moderna used the mRNA technology to develop COVID-19 vaccines in record time. The medicine supplies genetic direction to human cells leading to antibody production to fight COVID-19. 辉瑞及其合作伙伴 BioNTech 以及 Moderna 使用 mRNA 技术以创纪录的时间开发了 COVID-19 疫苗。 该药物为人体细胞提供遗传指导，导致产生抗击 COVID-19 的抗体。 Those COVID-19 mRNA vaccines were quickly pushed through approval processes and received emergency use permission during the pandemic. The new vaccines under development in Africa will take longer anywhere from three to seven years. 这些 COVID-19 mRNA 疫苗很快就通过了审批程序，并在大流行期间获得了紧急使用许可。 非洲正在开发的新疫苗将需要更长的时间，从三到七年不等。 Dr. Amadou Sall is chief executive officer at Institut Pasteur. He said the deal will help build vaccine self-reliance in Africa. The organization has been producing yellow fever shots since the 1930s. It now hopes mRNA technology can be used to produce vaccines for other diseases in Africa including Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. 阿马杜·萨尔 (Amadou Sall) 博士是巴斯德研究所的首席执行官。 他表示，该协议将有助于非洲建立疫苗自力更生能力。 该组织自 20 世纪 30 年代以来一直生产黄热病疫苗。 现在，该公司希望 mRNA 技术能够用于生产针对非洲其他疾病的疫苗，包括拉沙热、裂谷热和克里米亚-刚果出血热。 “What we want is next time there is a pandemic — we hope it won't happen soon — Africa would be able to make its own vaccine, to contribute to the development, and make sure that we protect the population,” Sall said. “What happened with COVID should never happen again in the sense that Africans should get vaccinated as a matter of equity.” 萨尔说：“我们希望下次发生大流行时——我们希望这种情况不会很快发生——非洲能够制造自己的疫苗，为发展做出贡献，并确保我们保护人民。” “从非洲人应该公平接种疫苗的意义上来说，新冠疫情发生的事情不应该再次发生。” Jose Castillo is the leader of Quantoom Biosciences. He said the mRNA technologies permit low- and middle-income countries “to become autonomous in terms of research and development.” Jose Castillo 是 Quantoom Biosciences 的领导者。 他表示，mRNA 技术使低收入和中等收入国家“能够在研发方面实现自主”。 With $8.3 billion to give away in 2023, the Gates Foundation is the world's largest private philanthropic donor. The organization has spent billions of dollars to vaccinate against polio, treat and prevent malaria and HIV and, more recently, to develop vaccines for diseases like cholera. 盖茨基金会是全球最大的私人慈善捐助者，到 2023 年将捐赠 83 亿美元。 该组织已花费数十亿美元来接种脊髓灰质炎疫苗、治疗和预防疟疾和艾滋病毒，最近还开发了霍乱等疾病的疫苗。

Les « Actualités du Pharo » sont un rendez-vous incontournable dans la recherche et la prise en charge des maladies tropicales. Des médecins et chercheurs des pays du Sud et du Nord se réunissent à Marseille pour faire un point sur les actualités de la médecine tropicale. Émission délocalisée à Marseille, à l'occasion des « Actualités du Pharo », les rencontres francophones de médecine et de santé publique tropicales, à l'Hôpital de la Timone. Qu'en est-il des alertes épidémiques récentes ? Quel est l'impact des morsures de serpent sur les populations vivant en zones rurales en République Centrafricaine ? Comment a été gérée la deuxième épidémie d'Ebola en Guinée ?   Pr Stéphane Jauréguiberry, infectiologue et chef de service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, à l'Hôpital Universitaire de Bicêtre au Kremlin-Bicêtre, en région parisienne (AP-HP) Dr Romaric Ghislain Zarambaud Bohy-Ngombet, enseignant-chercheur à l'École Doctorale des Sciences de la Santé Humaine et Vétérinaire à l'Université de Bangui, en République Centrafricaine   Bakary Doukouré, étudiant en Première année de thèse à l'Université allemande de Tübingen/Institut Pasteur de Guinée, il travaille sur l'épidémiologie d'hépatite E en Guinée au sein de l'Unité de Virologie de l'Institut Pasteur de Guinée, lauréat du Prix du travail de terrain des Actualités du Pharo.  Programmation musicale :► Femi Kuti – The way our lives go  ► Dowdelin – Simé love.

Les « Actualités du Pharo » sont un rendez-vous incontournable dans la recherche et la prise en charge des maladies tropicales. Des médecins et chercheurs des pays du Sud et du Nord se réunissent à Marseille pour faire un point sur les actualités de la médecine tropicale. Émission délocalisée à Marseille, à l'occasion des « Actualités du Pharo », les rencontres francophones de médecine et de santé publique tropicales, à l'Hôpital de la Timone. Qu'en est-il des alertes épidémiques récentes ? Quel est l'impact des morsures de serpent sur les populations vivant en zones rurales en République Centrafricaine ? Comment a été gérée la deuxième épidémie d'Ebola en Guinée ?   Pr Stéphane Jauréguiberry, infectiologue et chef de service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, à l'Hôpital Universitaire de Bicêtre au Kremlin-Bicêtre, en région parisienne (AP-HP) Dr Romaric Ghislain Zarambaud Bohy-Ngombet, enseignant-chercheur à l'École Doctorale des Sciences de la Santé Humaine et Vétérinaire à l'Université de Bangui, en République Centrafricaine   Bakary Doukouré, étudiant en Première année de thèse à l'Université allemande de Tübingen/Institut Pasteur de Guinée, il travaille sur l'épidémiologie d'hépatite E en Guinée au sein de l'Unité de Virologie de l'Institut Pasteur de Guinée, lauréat du Prix du travail de terrain des Actualités du Pharo.  Programmation musicale :► Femi Kuti – The way our lives go  ► Dowdelin – Simé love.

This week, we explore the world of investigational medicines that have the potential to revolutionize the landscape of hearing healthcare, from restoration to treatment and prevention. Our guest for this insightful discussion is Nawal Ouzren, the CEO of the French biotech firm, Sensorion. With a distinguished career that includes significant roles at Shire and Baxter, Ouzren sheds light on Sensorion's mission, centered around three fundamental pillars: addressing hearing loss post-onset, proactive strategies for hearing loss prevention, and developing groundbreaking gene therapies to combat congenital deafness. Sensorion's lead drug candidate, SENS-401, has shown potential in applications ranging from sudden sensorineural hearing loss, preserving hearing in cochlear implantation surgery, and addressing cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Additionally, Sensorion is developing promising gene therapies to treat congenital hearing disorders, in collaboration with Institut Pasteur. For more information about Sensorion, visit the company's website: https://www.sensorion.com/en/ Be sure to subscribe to our channel for the latest episodes each week and follow This Week in Hearing on LinkedIn and Twitter. - https://twitter.com/WeekinHearing - https://www.linkedin.com/company/this-week-in-hearing - https://hearinghealthmatters.org/thisweek/

#66 — In this special episode, Peter O'Toole is joined by researchers from the Latin American community, including: • Andres Kamaid, Researcher at the Institut Pasteur de Montevideo.• Leonel Malacrida, Associate Professor and Head of the Advanced Bioimaging Unit at the Universidad de la República & Institut Pasteur de Montevideo.• Mariana De Niz, Research Assistant Professor and Manager of the Nikon Imaging Center at Northwestern University.In this episode of The Microscopists, the panel discusses aspects of international cooperation to grow scientific initiatives and opportunities and nurture talent across Latin America. Watch or listen to all episodes of The Microscopists: themicroscopists.bitesizebio.com

#64 — Jean-Yves Tinevez is a Research Engineer at Institut Pasteur. In this episode of The Microscopists, Jean-Yves joins Peter O'Toole to discuss why he finds supporting other researchers at a core imaging facility so rewarding. They also chat about storing his extensive collection of comic books in his Parisian apartment and some favorite countries to work in. Watch or listen to all episodes of The Microscopists: themicroscopists.bitesizebio.com

Pourquoi les moustiques sont-ils dangereux et le sont-ils tous ? Quelles menaces à venir représentent-ils ? Comment se prémunir ? Et quelles sont leurs fonctions ? Anna-Bella Failloux, professeure dʹentomologie médicale à lʹInstitut Pasteur, spécialiste des moustiques qui transmettent des virus, est lʹinvitée de Céline OʹClin

Marco, CEO of Bienstar Wellness, is considered a pioneer in the development of the medical cannabis industry in Uruguay. Together with the Universidad de la República and the Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, he promoted scientific research in preclinical models. He also collaborated with clinical research at the Maciel Hospital. In 2017, Marco was the co-founder of the association for research and development of medical cannabis in Brazil, Cannab. That same year, he was the mentor of the first hemp project accelerator in the region, SmartHemp, from the Sinergia Tech Hardware Accelerator. Marco also founded the Cannapur company, which was successfully sold to Khiron Life Sciences (OTC: KHRNF), a publicly traded company on the Toronto Stock Exchange. Marco was one of the founders of the Uruguayan Chamber of Medicinal Cannabis Companies and was elected as its first president. Bienstar currently offers psychedelics-assisted addiction recovery treatment under the Clinicas Beneva brand.

Am 20.05.1983 kommt eine wissenschaftliche Meldung aus Paris, ein wichtiger Schritt gegen die Angst vor der zunächst rätselhaften Erkrankung AIDS. Denn erstmals wird ihre Ursache beschrieben: Das HI-Virus. Autorin: Daniela Wakonigg Von Daniela Wakonigg.

Dr Eduardo Osinaga (Facultad de Medicina, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Hospital Maciel): inmunotecnología y desarrollos biotecnológicos para diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer.

This week we discuss the academic career of a young PI with Thibaut Brunet @thibaut_brunet, a G5 Group Leader at Institut Pasteur. Join us for a conversation on eating spiders, dancing creatures of the ocean, and the challenges of applying for and starting a group in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thibaut Brunet: https://research.pasteur.fr/en/team/evolutionary-cell-biology-and-evolution-of-morphogenesis/ This episode was produced and edited by Camilla Valenzuela. If you enjoyed this show then hit that subscribe button and leave a review (on Apple Podcasts or Spotify). If you love what we are trying to do then buy us a coffee at https://www.buymeacoffee.com/preprints! Any contribution is greatly appreciated. For the latest podcast news and updates follow us on Twitter @MotionPod, Instagram @Motion_Pod or visit our website; https://preprintsinmotion.wordpress.com/Find us on Twitter: Jonny (@JACoates) & Camila (@Kamo_Valenzuela). Generously supported by ASAPbio (https://asapbio.org | @asapbio_). --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/preprints-in-motion/message

In the PI's seat - Nicolás Rascovan This week we discuss the academic career of a young PI with Nicolás Rascovan @NRascovan, a G5 Group Leader at Institut Pasteur. Nicolás Rascovan: https://research.pasteur.fr/en/team/microbial-paleogenomics/ https://nicorascovan.wordpress.com/ This episode was produced and edited by Camilla Valenzuela. If you enjoyed this show then hit that subscribe button and leave a review (on Apple Podcasts or Spotify). If you love what we are trying to do then buy us a coffee https://www.buymeacoffee.com/preprints! Any contribution is greatly appreciated. For the latest podcast news and updates follow us on Twitter @MotionPod, Instagram @Motion_Pod or visit our website; www.preprintsinmotion.com. Find us on Twitter: Jonny @JACoates, Emma @ELWilson92, John @JohnDHoward8) & Camila (@Kamo_Valenzuela). Generously supported by ASAPbio (https://asapbio.org | @asapbio_). --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/preprints-in-motion/message

How can we ensure that medical countermeasures—such as diagnostics and vaccines—are ready to go at local, national, and global levels when the next pandemic emerges? Amanda Glassman speaks with Dr. Amadou Alpha Sall of Institut Pasteur of Dakar and Dr. Rachel Glennerster of the University of Chicago about lessons learned during COVID-19 and opportunities for future preparedness.

Dr. Carnahan received his BS in Biology and BS in Psychology from Indiana University, jumped into the industry, working for Eli Lilly in both the US and France, then he came back to academia as a researcher at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, France. He completed his Ph.D. in Cell Biology at Vanderbilt University and his post-doc in the laboratory of Al Reynolds, Ph.D. In 2006, he was appointed as Director of the Vanderbilt Antibody and Protein Resource (VAPR). In addition to directing the VAPR, Dr. Carnahan is an Associate Professor in the Cancer Biology, Faculty director of the Management and Entrepreneurship for Scientists program, a member of the Medical School admissions IAC committee, and is a faculty instructor for both M.D. and Ph.D. training programs. In 2010 he co-founded the Antibody-Technologies Research Group.

Ce jeudi, Alba Ventura revient sur la générosité des Français, qui donnent entre 5 et 8 milliards d'euros par an.

Pablo Dans, Doctor en Química e investigador del CENUR Litoral Norte (UdelaR) y del Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, nos habla de MiOS, un nuevo método integrado que viene a llenar un espacio poco explorado de la investigación en biología estructural, la ciencia que se encarga de entender cómo está compuesta y qué estructura tiene el material biológico que nos compone (proteínas, ADN, ARN, membranas, etc.). MiOS permite mirar cómo se organiza nuestro genoma, que forma e interacciones tienen entre si nuestros cromosomas, y cómo se organizan nuestros genes para producir las proteínas que necesitamos para vivir.

Who determines whether suspected yellow fever cases can officially be declared an outbreak? We visit a research centre in Senegal that is at the heart of yellow fever diagnostics. The Institut Pasteur de Dakar is one of three regional reference laboratories for yellow fever  in Africa that tests samples sent from across the continent. Dr Gamou Fall, head of IP Dakar's yellow fever Regional Reference Laboratory, takes us through that painstaking process

On le sait depuis quelques années, les bactéries présentes dans notre flore intestinale influencent le fonctionnement de notre cerveau. Pour la première fois, des chercheurs français sont parvenus à décrypter ce dialogue entre microbiote et cerveau. Plus dʹinformations avec Pierre-Marie Lledo, neurobiologiste, chercheur au Centre national de recherche scientifique (CNRS) et responsable de l'unité Perception et mémoire à l'Institut Pasteur. Un sujet préparé par Sarah Dirren.

Entrevista a Leonel Malacrida, responsable de la Unidad de Bioimagenologia Avanzada Udelar-Institut Pasteur de Montevideo. El experto, primer científico latinoamericano reconocido por la Fundación Chan-Zuckerberg, explicó que “un microscopio bifotónico es un microscopio convencional al que le sumamos una fuente de luz infrarroja, que está por fuera del rango que nosotros vemos. Nosotros vemos entre los violetas azules hasta los rojos, pero el infrarrojo es un rojo lejano, está más arriba de lo que el ojo humano puede ver. Actualmente en Uruguay hay dos de ellos, uno en el Hospital de Clínicas, y otro en el Institut Pasteur. Uno esta focalizado al trabajo con células, el otro puede trabaja con animales in vivo, que son desafíos más grandes desde lo técnico”, detalló.

Aro Velmet (USC Dornsife) joins Merle and Lee to discuss his work on the Institut Pasteur in the context of colonial France in the late 19th century. The conversation begins with some background on colonial France and the French civilizing mission, then moves on to examine the foundation and operation of the Institut Pasteur, especially in the French colonies. Aro explains how the Pasteurians became involved in public health in the French colonies and reflects on their relationship to the French colonial state.

Dr. Tshaka Cunningham received his PhD in molecular biology from Rockefeller University and completed postdoctoral training at the Institut Pasteur in Paris. He is the co-founder and CSO of Polaris Genomics, a precision behavioral health company. Dr. Cunningham is a leading advocate for diversity and representation in genomics and is Executive Director of the Faith-Based Genetic Research Institute.

The Duchess of Cornwall met President Joe Biden at a climate summit on Monday, but the emissions she was left talking about had little to do with the environment, according to a new report. According to a report in the Daily Mail, Biden passed gas while chatting with Camilla at the COP26 Summit on Monday — and she can't stop talking about how gross it was. https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2021/11/duchess-cornwall-biden-farting-climate-summit-long-loud-impossible-ignore/ (https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2021/11/duchess-cornwall-biden-farting-climate-summit-long-loud-impossible-ignore/) Conservative firebrand Candace Owens said the quiet part out loud on Twitter concerning allegations of incest within the Biden family, pointing out that Ashley Biden is reportedly the second person involved in such rumors. The response from Owens came after Rep. Lauren Boebert tweeted, “So if the FBI raided someone's house over Ashley Biden's diary being stolen, that means Ashley Biden's diary and the accusations in it were real. Are there any real journalists willing to ask Joe about it?” Owens replied, “More importantly— Ashley Biden is the SECOND person in the Biden family that has made incestuous sexual allegations. Do not forget about Hunter's laptop and the text messages about his niece. These are accounts DIRECTLY FROM the Biden family. Not conspiracies.” Neither allegation has been verified. What is a fact is that the FBI just raided two Project Veritas reporters' homes in New York over Ashley Biden's missing diary, which is alleged to contain sexual recounts of her childhood. The story was leaked within the hour to The New York Times. The second person in the Biden family to be caught up in whispers of incest is Hunter Biden's teenage niece who was said to have been seen topless in photos with her uncle Hollywood LA News reported. The photos were allegedly found on Hunter Biden's infamous laptop. https://www.bizpacreview.com/2021/11/06/owens-points-out-bidens-daughter-is-second-person-in-family-to-make-incest-allegations-after-diary-entry-1159250/ (https://www.bizpacreview.com/2021/11/06/owens-points-out-bidens-daughter-is-second-person-in-family-to-make-incest-allegations-after-diary-entry-1159250/) During a visit to the Institut Pasteur science lab, the Vice President appeared to try to sound like French people do when they speak English, in an apparent attempt to ingratiate herself with her audience. “In government, we campaign with ‘The Plan',” said Harris, saying the word “the” like “thee.” “And then the environment is such we're expected to defend ‘The Plan' even when the first time we roll it out there may be some glitches and it's time to reevaluate and then do it again,” she continued. https://www.infowars.com/posts/kamala-harris-mocked-for-using-fake-french-accent/ (https://www.infowars.com/posts/kamala-harris-mocked-for-using-fake-french-accent/) Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg on Monday said the infrastructure bill will address the racist highway design meant to block black and brown kids from being bussed to the beach. The program, dubbed “Reconnecting Communities,” will address racial inequities in the nation's highway design. https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2021/11/buttigieg-says-infrastructure-bill-will-address-racist-highway-design-prevents-black-brown-kids-bussed-beach-video/ (https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2021/11/buttigieg-says-infrastructure-bill-will-address-racist-highway-design-prevents-black-brown-kids-bussed-beach-video/) “Not My Lane” – John Kerry Chuckles When Pressed on China's Use of Slave Labor to Build Solar Panels

Derek Wallace, Vice President and Dengue Global Program Lead at Takeda, discusses the first public presentation of long-term safety and efficacy results from the ongoing pivotal Phase 3 Tetravalent Immunization against Dengue Efficacy Study (TIDES) trial of its dengue vaccine candidate, TAK-003, and the launch of the company's global HCP dengue education platform, Dengue Academy. #Dengue #DengueVaccine Derek Wallace, MBBS, is Vice President and Global Dengue Program Head at Takeda. In this role, Mr. Wallace leads the global program team in the development of Takeda's dengue vaccine candidate (TAK-003). Mr. Wallace joined Takeda in September 2013 as Global Programme Medical Director responsible for the development of TAK-003 as well as Takeda's enterovirus vaccine candidate.Mr. Wallace has over 16 years of experience in clinical development, infectious diseases and medical affairs. Prior to joining Takeda, Mr. Wallace held clinical development and medical affairs positions at Merck, Novartis and Sanofi Pasteur. At Sanofi, Mr. Wallace served as clinical team leader for Sanofi's dengue vaccine candidate, influenza studies and preparations for first-in-human studies of vaccine candidates for malaria and meningitis B. His experience also includes transplant, cardiology and women's health.Mr. Wallace holds a Diploma of Vaccinology from the Institut Pasteur and a Diploma in Pharmaceutical Medicine from University of Wales, Cardiff. He received his Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery from the University of Queensland.

#16 — You may know Spencer Shorte as Chief Scientific Officer to Institut Pasteur Korea, but as we'll learn in today's episode, he is also the creator of the Imagopol and the founder of the core facility software company Stratocore. We'll learn more about the globetrotting that led Spencer to Korea, the challenges that he has faced in his career, and his favorite publication.We'll also get to know Spencer on a more personal level, as we discuss his love of James Bond, his penchant for stout, and how he ended up driving the wrong way down one of the longest one-way streets in Paris.We'll also discuss how Spencer sees the role of science in society and how it was only when returning to Europe after a stint in the United States that he worked out what he really wanted to do in science.Watch or Listen to all episodes of The Microscopists here: https://themicroscopists.bitesizebio.com/

In this episode, I chat with Prof. Marina Picciotto, the Charles B. G. Murphy Professor of Psychiatry and Professor in the Child Study Center, and the Departments of Neuroscience and of Pharmacology, and the Deputy Director, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience at Yale University. Prof. Picciotto completed a postdoctoral fellowship with Jean-Pierre Changeux in the Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience at the Institut Pasteur in Paris and earned a Ph.D. in Molecular Neurobiology in the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience at Rockefeller University under Paul Greengard, a future Nobel Laureate. Prof. Picciotto is a pioneering neuroscientist known for her groundbreaking work on the role of nicotine in addiction, memory, and reward behaviors. She's also the current Editor-in-Chief of The Journal of Neuroscience, the field's trademark journal. We talk about her very interesting journey through science, exploring the intricacies and conducting phenomenal research in neuroscience, her terrific mentorship and influence on the field leading a prestigious journal through the era of preprints and digitization, and many more things!!

Joseph Hill MD is a Professor of Medicine & Molecular Biology, the James Willerson Distinguished Chair in Cardiovascular Diseases, the Frank Ryburn Jr Chair in Heart Research, the Director of the Harry Moss Heart Center and the Chief of Cardiology at UT Southwestern Medical Center.  Dr. Hill graduated from Medical school at Duke with an MD-PhD, worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the Institut Pasteur in Paris for 5 years before pursuing residency in Internal medicine from Brigham & Women's Hospital, where he stayed on to pursue a Fellowship in Cardiovascular Disease. Dr. Hill worked at the University of Iowa before joining UT Southwestern in 2002. His Research focuses on remodelling in cardiac hypertrophy & failure and has published over 160 articles and contributed to 14 books. He is the editor-in-chief of Circulation. His many honors include serving as the President of the Association of University Cardiologists, election to the Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society and the Association of American Physicians, and being named an American Heart Association's Established Investigator. “Being a physician is an incredibly high calling,” says Dr. Joseph Hill, as he reflects on the tremendous privilege we have as physicians to help people who have entrusted their well-being into our hands. Yet, he reminds us all today to not stop there. “You owe it to this profession to give something back.” Whether it be in advancing the body of knowledge through research or mentoring the next generation as an educator or improving healthcare delivery as an administrator, he encourages us to think beyond our clinical encounters and proactively give back to the profession out of gratitude for the privilege it has bestowed upon us. Pearls of Wisdom: 1. Be mentorable. You may not hear what you want to hear from your mentors, but the best mentees keep an open mind and reflect on the advice given to them. 2. True success is holistic : family is just as if not more important than our profession and therefore we need to carve out time for our family. It will only help us in advancing our careers. 3. In the clinical encounter, make sure to acknowledge the patient's family members who accompany them.

Recorded December 23, 2020Current Episodes at https://walkinverse.buzzsprout.com/I am moving all podcast here slowly. I will keep buzzsprout for all public reports and here for member only content.Report 27, "Destruction by Ignorance: CDC Comes Clean." In this episode, we will look at a report by the CDC on the effects of Pfizer & Moderna experimental vaccines. As of December 19, 2020, 2.8% of those injected suffered from severe adverse reaction. But what does that mean?  Listen and learn about health impact events and a patent for the new strain of the virus.Did you like the show? Leave a comment.December 19, 2020: a report leaks under the cover of night from the CDC. It states those injected with the mRNA vaccine suffered severe adverse reactions. From the 272k doses administered, 2.8% suffered from vaccine injury.Next to the notation on page six [1] of the presentation, it states health impact events refer to individuals “not able to perform normal daily activities, unable to work, and required care from a doctor or health care professional.” If we carry the trend-forward, the projected numbered of injured from this vaccine will reach into the hundreds of millions worldwide.And who's to blame? Experts around the world warned us daily not to partake in the human experiment of mRNA. They told us if we suffered from allergic reactions to food, medication, or if pregnant, do not allow yourself injected. Yet, the CDC results show pregnant women participated in this rollout.These warnings came as Big Pharma put profit over people as the headlines read. Pfizer and BioNTech Begin Human Clinical Trials of COVID-19 [2]“Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, which have never been licensed for use in humans, inject cells with mRNA, usually within lipid nanoparticles, to stimulate cells in the body to become manufacturers of viral proteins. … mRNA vaccines have potential safety issues, including local and systemic inflammation and stimulation of auto-reactive antibodies and autoimmunity, as well as development of edema (swelling) and blood clots.”May 05, 2020NIH ‘Very Concerned' about Serious Side Effect in Coronavirus Vaccine Trial [3]“The test was halted when a participant suffered spinal cord damage…”Sept. 15, 2020Pregnant women told not to get Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine because risks unknown [4]“There are no data as yet on the safety of Covid-19 vaccines in pregnancy, either from human or animal studies…Women should be advised not to come forward for vaccination if they may be pregnant or are planning a pregnancy within three months of the first dose.”Dec. 02, 2020FDA Says 2 Participants In Pfizer COVID Vaccine Trial Have Died [5]Dec. 08, 2020UK Warns People With “Severe Allergies” Shouldn't Take COVID Vaccine [6]“any person with a history of significant allergic reactions to vaccines, medicine or food should not receive the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine.”Dec. 09, 2020University Of Pittsburgh Medical Center Won't Require Staff To Take COVID-19 Vaccine Due To ‘General Uncertainty' [7]“The reason are several-fold, … For starters, general uncertainty over the vaccine. — Dr. Graham Snyder”Dec. 09, 2020Today, we see the same injuries happen, which experts warned us about months prior. We look and watch the devastation unfold in the headline news.Alaskan has allergic reaction after getting Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine [8]Dec. 16, 2020Suburban Hospital Temporarily Pauses Vaccinations ‘Out of Abundance of Caution' Following Adverse Reactions [9]Dec. 18, 2020Australia Cancels COVID Vaccine Trial Over ‘Unexpected' False Positives For HIV [10]Dec. 11, 2020Fairbanks clinician is third Alaskan with adverse reaction to COVID-19 vaccine [11]Dec. 18, 2020CDC confirms COVID-19 vaccine allergic reactions, issues new guidance [12]Dec. 19, 2020Over 3,000 “Health Impact Events” After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccinations [13]Dec. 22, 2020The Australian story brings great concern with the HIV positive test results in those injected. In 2011, patents filed for a SARS-COV-2 added four sequences of HIV. [14].Two thousand eleven saw the Institut Pasteur filing a further patent application for “SARS-COV-2,” which was identical to the previous one, … because commercial exploitation of the first patent started in 2003 and would expire 20 years later, in 2023. According to Fourtillan, four sequences of the HIV virus — responsible for AIDS — were added to the virus, in view of creating further vaccines.We're witnessing a replay of Hitler's reign of terror. But today, it's genocide by medical practitioners who have not disclosed the danger behind the Pfizer and Moderna technology. According to the Nuremberg code, anyone who takes part in the experimentation of humans without their voluntary consent, if convicted, is sentenced to prison or receive the death penalty.It's time to take a stand and stop the madness before it's too late.References1. Clark, T. ACIP COVID-19 Vaccines Work Group. CDC 8 (2020).2. Caceres, M. Pfizer and BioNTech Begin Human Clinical Trials of COVID-19… The Vaccine Reaction https://thevaccinereaction.org/2020/05/pfizer-and-biontech-begin-human-clinical-trials-of-covid-19-vaccine-in-u-s/ (2020).3. Arthur Allen & Liz Szabo. NIH ‘Very Concerned' about Serious Side Effect in Coronavirus Vaccine Trial​. Scientific American https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nih-very-concerned-about-serious-side-effect-in-coronavirus-vaccine-trial/ (2020).4. Kitching, C. Pregnant women told not to get Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine because risks unknown. mirror https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/pregnant-women-told-not-coronavirus-23102417 (2020).5. Tyler Durden. FDA Says 2 Participants In Pfizer COVID Vaccine Trial Have Died. ZeroHedge https://www.zerohedge.com/geopolitical/fda-says-2-participants-pfizer-covid-vaccine-trial-have-died (2020).6. Tyler Durden. UK Warns People With ‘Severe Allergies' Shouldn't Take COVID Vaccine. ZeroHedge https://www.zerohedge.com/geopolitical/uk-warns-people-severe-allergies-shouldnt-take-covid-vaccine (2020).7. Tyler Durden. University Of Pittsburgh Medical Center Won't Require Staff To Take COVID-19 Vaccine Due To ‘General Uncertainty'. ZeroHedge https://www.zerohedge.com/medical/university-pittsburgh-medical-center-wont-require-staff-take-covid-19-vaccine-due-general (2020).8. Staff, R. Alaskan has allergic reaction after getting Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine. Reuters (2020).9. Becca Wood. Suburban Hospital Temporarily Pauses Vaccinations ‘Out of Abundance of Caution' Following Adverse Reactions. NBC Chicago https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/suburban-hospital-suspends-covid-19-vaccinations-after-adverse-reactions/2398756/ (2020).10. Tyler Durden. Australia Cancels COVID Vaccine Trial Over ‘Unexpected' False Positives For HIV. ZeroHedge https://www.zerohedge.com/medical/australia-cancels-covid-vaccine-trial-over-unexpected-false-positives-hiv (2020).11. Rosen, Y. Fairbanks clinician is third Alaskan with adverse reaction to COVID-19 vaccine. Reuters (2020).12. Best, P. CDC confirms COVID-19 vaccine allergic reactions, issues new guidance. Fox News https://www.foxnews.com/us/cdc-allergic-reactions-covid-19-vaccine (2020).13. Caceres, M. Over 3,000 “Health Impact Events” After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccinations – The Vaccine Reaction. https://thevaccinereaction.org/2020/12/over-3000-health-impact-events-after-covid-19-mrna-vaccinations/14. Jeanne Smits. Accomplished pharma prof thrown in psych hospital after questioning official COVID narrative. LifeSiteNews https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/accomplished-pharma-prof-thrown-in-psych-hospital-after-questioning-official-covid-narrative (2020). This is a public episode. 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