Podcast appearances and mentions of mary quarterly

Robert Morris is one of the lesser-mentioned founding fathers of the U.S. When he is mentioned, he is called the financier of the Revolutionary War. But his story is more complicated than that. Research: “18th Century Currency.” Valley Forge National Historical Park. National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/media/photo/gallery.htm?id=42877E64-155D-451F-67DACC05A2515349 Bill of Rights Institute. “Stamp Act Resistance.” https://billofrightsinstitute.org/essays/stamp-act-resistance Currot, Nicholas A, and Tyler A. Watts. “WHAT CAUSED THE RECESSION OF 1797?” Studies in Applied Economics, No.48. February 2016. Johns Hopkins Institute for Applied Economics, Global Health, and Study of Business Enterprise. https://sites.krieger.jhu.edu/iae/files/2017/04/Curott_Watts_Recession_of_1797.pdf Dencklau, Jason. “Robert Morris.” George Washington’s Mount Vernon. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/robert-morris The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Robert Morris". Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 Jan. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Morris-American-statesman The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Stamp Act". Encyclopedia Britannica, 24 Dec. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/event/Stamp-Act-Great-Britain-1765 The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Constitutional Convention". Encyclopedia Britannica, 24 Jan. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/event/Constitutional-Convention Ferguson, E. James. “Business, Government, and Congressional Investigation in the Revolution.” The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 16, no. 3, 1959, pp. 294–318. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1916947 “Money in Colonial Times.” Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. https://www.philadelphiafed.org/education/money-in-colonial-times Rappleye, Charles. “Robert Morris: Financier of the American Revolution.” New York. Simon & Schuster. 2010. “Robert Morris.” American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/robert-morris Rosenwald, Michael. “‘Grand inquisitors of the realm’: How Congress got its power to investigate and subpoena.” Washington Post. March 11, 2019. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2019/03/11/grand-inquisitors-realm-how-congress-got-its-power-investigate-subpoena/ “The Stamp Act and the American colonies 1763-67.” UK parliament. https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/parliament-and-empire/parliament-and-the-american-colonies-before-1765/the-stamp-act-and-the-american-colonies-1763-67/#:~:text=The%20British%20needed%20to%20station,publications%20circulating%20in%20the%20colonies. “To George Washington from Robert Morris, 2 July 1781.” National Archives. Founders Online. https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/99-01-02-06271 “To George Washington from Robert Morris, 8 February 1790.” National Archives. Founders Online. https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-05-02-0062 “Stamp Act of 1765.” American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/primary-sources/stamp-act-1765?ms=nav&ms=qr See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This discussion is with Professor Jenny Shaw, an Associate Professor of History at the University of Alabama where she teaches classes in the histories of the Caribbean, the Atlantic World, Comparative Slavery & Emancipation, and Early Modern Black Britain. She is the author of Everyday Life in the Early English Caribbean: Irish, Africans, and the Construction of Difference (University of Georgia Press, 2013) and she has published in Past & Present, The William & Mary Quarterly, and Slavery & Abolition. In this conversation we discuss her latest monograph, The Women of Rendezvous: A Transatlantic Story of Family and Slavery published by the University of North Carolina Press in 2024. We discuss the transatlantic story about five women who birthed children by the same prominent Barbados politician and enslaver. Shaw centers the experiences of the women and their children, intertwining the microlevel relationships of family and the macrolevel political machinations of empire to show how white supremacy and racism developed in England and the colonies. 

A conversation with historian John William Nelson about their book, Muddy Ground: Native Peoples, Chicago's Portage, and the Transformation of a Continent (University of North Carolina Press, 2023) John William Nelson is assistant professor of history at Texas Tech University, where he teaches courses on Colonial America, the American West, the Atlantic World, and Native American history. He holds a PhD in history from the University of Notre Dame. In addition to a couple book chapters in Routeledge anthologies, Nelson published award-winning articles in the Michigan Historical Review in 2019 and William and Mary Quarterly in 2021. His 2023 book that we discuss today, Muddy Ground: Native Peoples, Chicago's Portage, and the Transformation of a Continent (University of North Carolina Press, David J. Weber Series in the New Borderlands History Series, 2023). It won the 2024 W. Turrentine-Jackson Prize (Western History Association), 2024 Superior Achievement Award (Illinois State Historical Society), an Honorable Mention for the 2024 Jon Gjerde Book Award (Midwestern History Association), and was a Shortlist Award Recipient for the 2024 Pattis Family Foundation Chicago Book Award (The Newberry Library).     The Writing Westward Podcast is produced and hosted by Prof. Brenden W. Rensink for the Charles Redd Center for Western Studies at Brigham Young University. Subscribe to the Writing Westward Podcast on Apple Podcasts, Stitcher, Spotify, Google Play, and other podcast distribution apps and platforms.   Follow the BYU Redd Center and the Writing Westward Podcast on Facebook, Bluesky, or Twitter/X, or get more information @ https://reddcenter.byu.edu and https://www.writingwestward.org.   Theme music by Micah Dahl Anderson @ www.micahdahlanderson.com

In an era where even toothpaste shopping can trigger an existential crisis, intellectual historian Sophia Rosenfeld explore how we became both imprisoned and freed by endless options. Her new book The Age of Choice traces our evolution from a world where nobility bragged about not having any choices to one where choice itself has become our modern religion. From voting booths to gender identity, from Amazon's infinite scroll to dating apps' endless swipes, Rosenfeld reveals how "freedom of choice" conquered modern life - and why having too many options might be making us less free than we'd like to think.Here are the 5 KEEN ON takeaways from our conversation with Rosenfeld:* Choice wasn't always central to freedom: Historically, especially among nobility, freedom was associated with not having to make choices. The modern equation of freedom with endless choice is a relatively recent development that emerged alongside consumer capitalism and democracy.* The transformation of choice from moral to preferential: There's been a fundamental shift from viewing choice primarily as a moral decision (like Hercules choosing between right and wrong paths) to seeing it as an expression of personal preference (like choosing between toothpaste brands). The mere act of having choice became morally significant, rather than actually making the "right" choice.* Democracy's evolution transformed voting: The shift to secret ballots in the late 19th century marked a crucial change in how we exercise democratic choice, moving from communal decision-making to private, individual choice - a change that philosophers like John Stuart Mill actually opposed, fearing it would reduce democracy to consumer-style selection.* Choice can work against collective good: While individual choice is celebrated as freedom, it can actually hinder addressing collective challenges like climate change or public health, where limiting individual choices might better serve the common good.* The paradox of modern choice: While we've extended choice into previously unthinkable areas (gender identity, sexuality, family relationships), many people are simultaneously seeking ways to reduce choice overload - from AI recommendations to personal shoppers - suggesting we may have reached the limits of how much choice we can handle.Sophia Rosenfeld is Walter H. Annenberg Professor of History and Chair of the Department of History at the University of Pennsylvania, where she teaches European and American intellectual and cultural history with a special emphasis on the Enlightenment, the trans-Atlantic Age of Revolutions, and the legacy of the eighteenth century for modern democracy. Her newest book, to be published by Princeton University Press in February 2025, is entitled The Age of Choice: A History of Freedom in Modern Life. It explores how, between the 17th century and the present, the idea and practice of making choices from menus of options came to shape so many aspects of our existences, from consumer culture to human rights, and with what consequences. She is also the author of A Revolution in Language: The Problem of Signs in Late Eighteenth-Century France (Stanford, 2001); Common Sense: A Political History (Harvard, 2011), which won the Mark Lynton History Prize and the Society for the History of the Early American Republic Book Prize; and Democracy and Truth: A Short History (Penn Press, 2019). Her articles and essays have appeared in leading scholarly journals, including the American Historical Review, the Journal of Modern History, French Historical Studies, and the William and Mary Quarterly, as well as publications such as The New York Times, The Washington Post, Dissent, and, frequently, The Nation. From 2013 to 2017, she co-edited the journal Modern Intellectual History. In 2022, A Cultural History of Ideas, a 6 volume book series covering antiquity to the present for which she was co-general editor with Peter Struck, appeared with Bloomsbury and won the Association of American Publishers' award for best reference work in the humanities. Her writing has been or is being translated into French, Spanish, Portuguese, Turkish, Hindi, Korean, and Chinese. Rosenfeld received her B.A. from Princeton University and her Ph.D. from Harvard University. She has held fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation, the School of Social Science at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton, the Mellon Foundation, both the Remarque Institute and the Center for Ballet and the Arts at NYU, the Institute for Advanced Studies in Paris, and the American Council of Learned Societies, as well as visiting professorships at the University of Virginia School of Law and the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (Paris). Prior to arriving at Penn in January 2017, she was Professor of History at Yale University and, before that, the University of Virginia. She also served a three-year term from 2018 to 2021 as Vice President of the American Historical Association, where she was in charge of the Research Division. In 2022, she held the Kluge Chair in Countries and Cultures of the North at the Library of Congress, and she was also named by the French government Officier dans l'Ordre des Palmes Académiques. Among her other ongoing interests are the history of free speech, dissent, and censorship; the history of aesthetics (including dance); the history of political language; political theory (contemporary and historical); the history of epistemology; the history of information and misinformation; the history of the emotions and senses; the history of feminism; universities and democracy; and experimental historical methods.Named as one of the "100 most connected men" by GQ magazine, Andrew Keen is amongst the world's best known broadcasters and commentators. In addition to presenting KEEN ON, he is the host of the long-running How To Fix Democracy show. He is also the author of four prescient books about digital technology: CULT OF THE AMATEUR, DIGITAL VERTIGO, THE INTERNET IS NOT THE ANSWER and HOW TO FIX THE FUTURE. Andrew lives in San Francisco, is married to Cassandra Knight, Google's VP of Litigation & Discovery, and has two grown children.Keen On is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit keenon.substack.com/subscribe

In Episode 401, we'll be exploring the Tea Crisis and how it led to the non-importation/non-exportation movement of 1774-1776. Our guest historian, James Fichter, references the work of Mary Beth Norton and her “The Seventh Tea Ship” article from The William and Mary Quarterly. In this BFW Revisited episode, we'll travel back to December 2016, when we spoke with Mary Beth Norton about her article and the Tea Crisis of 1773. Show Notes: https://www.benfranklinsworld.com/112 Sponsor Links Colonial Williamsburg Foundation   Complementary Episodes Episode 135: Moral Commerce: The Transatlantic Boycott of the Slave Labor Economy Episode 160: The Politics of Tea Episode 228: The Boston Massacre Episode 229: The Townshend Moment Episode 337: Early America's Trade with China   Listen! Apple Podcasts Spotify Google Podcasts Amazon Music Ben Franklin's World iOS App Ben Franklin's World Android App Helpful Links Join the Ben Franklin's World Facebook Group Ben Franklin's World Twitter: @BFWorldPodcast Ben Franklin's World Facebook Page Sign-up for the Franklin Gazette Newsletter

Part two of our week of ghosts is all about one spirit – this time, a poltergeist. People have been arguing over this one since the 1660s, including some prominent skeptics and supporters.   Research: Aldridge, Alfred Owen. “Franklin and the Ghostly Drummer of Tedworth.” The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 7, no. 4, 1950, pp. 559–67. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1917046 “Ballygally Castle Hotel and it's Ghost Room.” Ballygally Castle Hotel. https://www.ballygallycastlehotel.com/ballygally-castle-hotel-and-its-ghost-room/ Belanger, Jeff. “World's Most Haunted Places.” Rosen Publishing Group. 2009. "A blow at modern Sadducism in some philosophical considerations about witchcraft. To which is added, the relation of the fam'd disturbance by the drummer, in the house of Mr. John Mompesson, with some reflections on drollery and atheisme. / By a member of the Royal Society.." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A70179.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Briggs, Stacia. “The Brown Lady of Raynham Hall.” Norfolk Folklore Society. Dec. 3, 2023. https://www.norfolkfolkloresociety.co.uk/post/the-brown-lady-ghost-of-raynham-hall Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Joseph Glanvill". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Mar. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Glanvill “The Brown Lady of Raynham Hall.” UK Paranormal Society. https://ukparanormalsociety.org/encyclopedia/the-brown-lady-of-raynham-hall/ “The day a Country Life photographer captured an image of a ghost, a picture that's become one of the most famous ‘spirit photography' images of all time.” Country Life. Oct. 31, 2022. https://www.countrylife.co.uk/nature/the-day-a-country-life-photographer-captured-an-image-of-a-ghost-234642 Dorney, John. “The Plantation of Ulster: A Brief Overview.” The Irish Story. June 2, 2024. https://www.theirishstory.com/2024/06/02/the-plantation-of-ulster-a-brief-overview/ Hunter, Michael (2005) New light on the ‘Drummer of Tedworth': conflicting narratives of witchcraft in Restoration England. London: Birkbeck ePrints. http://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/archive/00000250 Mackay, Charles. Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds.” London. 1852. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/24518/24518-h/24518-h.htm Mantell, Rowan and Siofra Connor. “Weird Norfolk: The Brown Lady of Raynham Hall.” Eastern Daily Press. August 4, 2018. Miles, Abraham. "Wonder of wonders being a true relation of the strange and invisible beating of a drum, at the house of John Mompesson, Esquire, at Tidcomb, in the county of Wilt-shire ... : to the tune of Bragandary / by Abraham Miles." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A50850.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. “On Wednesday Night died at his Seat … “The Derby Mercury. June 29, 1738. https://www.newspapers.com/image/394517191/?match=1&terms=Raynham%20Hall “Settlers, Sieges and Spirits: The Story of Ballygally Castle.” Ballygally Castle Hotel. https://www.ballygallycastlehotel.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/heritage-leaflet_ballygally-web.pdf Smith, Edd. “The Vast History of Raynham Hall.” BBC. May 20, 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/norfolk/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8058000/8058145.stm Spirit, L. “THE BROWN LADY OF RAYNHAM HALL: The World's Most Infamous Ghost.” Norfolk Record Office Blog. July 31, 2024. https://norfolkrecordofficeblog.org/2024/07/31/the-brown-lady-of-raynham-hall-the-worlds-most-infamous-ghost/ Spirit, L. “THE BROWN LADY OF RAYNHAM HALL: The World's Most Infamous Ghost (continued).” Norfolk Record Office Blog. August 14, 2024. https://norfolkrecordofficeblog.org/2024/08/14/the-brown-lady-of-raynham-hall-the-worlds-most-infamous-ghost-continued/ Wade, Mike. “Ultimate proof that ghosts exist, or maybe it's just dust on the lens.” The Times. March 27, 2009. https://www.thetimes.com/article/ultimate-proof-that-ghosts-exist-or-maybe-its-just-dust-on-the-lens-5xt5v03kk8k Webster, John. “The Displaying of Supposed Witchcraft.” 1677. 2024 eBook accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/72654/pg72654-images.html “What was the Plantation of Ulster?” BBC Bitesize. https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/z2bgsrd Wright, Dudley. “The Epworth Phenomena, To which are appended certain Psychic Experiences recorded by John Wesley in the pages of his Journal .” Accessed online: https://mail.gutenberg.net.au/ebooks03/0301311.txt  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Part one of our Halloween finale on British Isles ghosts features two very classic ghost tales: the brown lady of Raynham Hall and the ghosts of of Ballygally Castle.  Research: Aldridge, Alfred Owen. “Franklin and the Ghostly Drummer of Tedworth.” The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 7, no. 4, 1950, pp. 559–67. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1917046 “Ballygally Castle Hotel and it's Ghost Room.” Ballygally Castle Hotel. https://www.ballygallycastlehotel.com/ballygally-castle-hotel-and-its-ghost-room/ Belanger, Jeff. “World's Most Haunted Places.” Rosen Publishing Group. 2009. "A blow at modern Sadducism in some philosophical considerations about witchcraft. To which is added, the relation of the fam'd disturbance by the drummer, in the house of Mr. John Mompesson, with some reflections on drollery and atheisme. / By a member of the Royal Society.." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A70179.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Briggs, Stacia. “The Brown Lady of Raynham Hall.” Norfolk Folklore Society. Dec. 3, 2023. https://www.norfolkfolkloresociety.co.uk/post/the-brown-lady-ghost-of-raynham-hall Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Joseph Glanvill". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Mar. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Glanvill “The Brown Lady of Raynham Hall.” UK Paranormal Society. https://ukparanormalsociety.org/encyclopedia/the-brown-lady-of-raynham-hall/ “The day a Country Life photographer captured an image of a ghost, a picture that's become one of the most famous ‘spirit photography' images of all time.” Country Life. Oct. 31, 2022. https://www.countrylife.co.uk/nature/the-day-a-country-life-photographer-captured-an-image-of-a-ghost-234642 Dorney, John. “The Plantation of Ulster: A Brief Overview.” The Irish Story. June 2, 2024. https://www.theirishstory.com/2024/06/02/the-plantation-of-ulster-a-brief-overview/ Hunter, Michael (2005) New light on the ‘Drummer of Tedworth': conflicting narratives of witchcraft in Restoration England. London: Birkbeck ePrints. http://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/archive/00000250 Mackay, Charles. Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds.” London. 1852. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/24518/24518-h/24518-h.htm Mantell, Rowan and Siofra Connor. “Weird Norfolk: The Brown Lady of Raynham Hall.” Eastern Daily Press. August 4, 2018. Miles, Abraham. "Wonder of wonders being a true relation of the strange and invisible beating of a drum, at the house of John Mompesson, Esquire, at Tidcomb, in the county of Wilt-shire ... : to the tune of Bragandary / by Abraham Miles." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A50850.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. “On Wednesday Night died at his Seat … “The Derby Mercury. June 29, 1738. https://www.newspapers.com/image/394517191/?match=1&terms=Raynham%20Hall “Settlers, Sieges and Spirits: The Story of Ballygally Castle.” Ballygally Castle Hotel. https://www.ballygallycastlehotel.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/heritage-leaflet_ballygally-web.pdf Smith, Edd. “The Vast History of Raynham Hall.” BBC. May 20, 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/norfolk/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8058000/8058145.stm Spirit, L. “THE BROWN LADY OF RAYNHAM HALL: The World's Most Infamous Ghost.” Norfolk Record Office Blog. July 31, 2024. https://norfolkrecordofficeblog.org/2024/07/31/the-brown-lady-of-raynham-hall-the-worlds-most-infamous-ghost/ Spirit, L. “THE BROWN LADY OF RAYNHAM HALL: The World's Most Infamous Ghost (continued).” Norfolk Record Office Blog. August 14, 2024. https://norfolkrecordofficeblog.org/2024/08/14/the-brown-lady-of-raynham-hall-the-worlds-most-infamous-ghost-continued/ Wade, Mike. “Ultimate proof that ghosts exist, or maybe it's just dust on the lens.” The Times. March 27, 2009. https://www.thetimes.com/article/ultimate-proof-that-ghosts-exist-or-maybe-its-just-dust-on-the-lens-5xt5v03kk8k Webster, John. “The Displaying of Supposed Witchcraft.” 1677. 2024 eBook accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/72654/pg72654-images.html “What was the Plantation of Ulster?” BBC Bitesize. https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/z2bgsrd Wright, Dudley. “The Epworth Phenomena, To which are appended certain Psychic Experiences recorded by John Wesley in the pages of his Journal .” Accessed online: https://mail.gutenberg.net.au/ebooks03/0301311.txt      See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Kenneth W. Porter, writing in The New England Quarterly in 1934, said that “Samuell Gorton could probably have boasted that he caused the ruling element of the Massachusetts Bay Colony more trouble over a greater period of time than any other single colonist, not excluding those more famous heresiarchs, Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams.”  As we shall see, he was charismatic, eloquent in speech, and often very funny in the doing of it, although nobody much considered him a laugh riot at the time. Gorton would, for example, address the General Court of Massachusetts, men not known for their happy-go-lucky ways, as "a generation of vipers, companions of Judas Iscariot." And yet Gorton (who spelled his first name "Samuell") would be second only to Roger Williams in shaping the civic freedom of Providence and Rhode Island. X/Twitter: @TheHistoryOfTh2 Facebook: The History of the Americans Podcast Useful background: "Roger Williams Saves Rhode Island," The History of the Americans Podcast Selected references for this episode Kenneth W. Porter, "Samuell Gorton: New England Firebrand," The New England Quarterly, September 1934. John M. Barry, Roger Williams and the Creation of the American Soul: Church, State, and the Birth of Liberty (Commission earned) Michelle Burnham, "Samuel Gorton's Leveller Aesthetics and the Economics of Colonial Dissent," The William and Mary Quarterly, July 2010. Philip F. Gura, "The Radical Ideology of Samuel Gorton: New Light on the Relation of English to American Puritanism," The William and Mary Quarterly, January 1979. Samuel Gorton (Wikipedia)

Benedict Arnold is famous for betraying his country–but it was his wife who made the treason possible.Starring: Susan Yeagley as Peggy Shippen and Andy Richter as Benedict Arnold. Also featuring: Luke Millington-Drake, Jim O'Heir, Matt Gourley, and Roman Mars. Show notes:John Andre sketch of Peggy ShippenSource List:American Battlefield Trust, Peggy Shippen, 10 Facts: Benedict Arnold and Peggy Shippen, Benedict ArnoldHistory.com, Benedict ArnoldNew York Historical Society, Life Story: Margaret “Peggy” Shippen ArnoldNational Endowment for the Humanities, Love and the RevolutionMassachusetts Historical Society, Letters from John Adams to Abigail AdamsNPS.gov, Benedict ArnoldHistory.com, Why Benedict Arnold Tried to Capture QuebecThe George Washington Presidential Library, Joseph ReedMedium.com, The Highest-paid Spy in the American RevolutionBrobeck, Stephen. “Revolutionary Change in Colonial Philadelphia: The Brief Life of the Proprietary Gentry.” The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 3, 1976, pp. 410–34. JSTORBenedict Arnold, Patriot and Traitor by Willard Sterne Randall, ©1990 by Willard Sterne Randall, 2001 Dorset PressDefiant Brides: The Untold Story of Two Revolutionary-Era Women and the Radical Men They Married, Nancy Rubin Stuart, ©2013 by Nancy Rubin Stuart, Beacon Press

In his new book Inkface: Othello and White Authority in the Era of Atlantic Slavery (University of Virginia Press, 2023), Miles P. Grier argues that blackness in Othello and the texts that it influenced should be understood as deeply material, transferable, and unstable. The defining of alphanumerical and dramatic characters, while represented as settled, was anything but. As Miles writes in the book, “Before the racial categories of high scientific racism were elaborated in the late eighteenth century, a functional white interpretive community was being forged through the shared exercise of interpretive authority over inky black figures. The stage offered a place in which control over symbols and their interpretation could be celebrated as if it were already a fait accompli, rather than a tense, ongoing battle.” Miles Parks Grier is Professor of English at Queens College, City University of New York. Miles's articles have appeared in The William and Mary Quarterly, The Journal of Popular Music Studies, and Shakespeare/Text: Contemporary Readings in Textual Studies, Editing and Performance. Along with Cassander L. Smith and Nicholas Jones, Miles co-edited Early Modern Black Diaspora Studies: A Critical Anthology (Palgrave, 2018). Inkface is his first monograph. John Yargo is a Visiting Assistant Professor of Environmental Humanities at Boston College. He holds a Ph.D. in English from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. His specializations are early modern literature, the environmental humanities, and critical race studies. His dissertation explores early modern representations of environmental catastrophe, including William Shakespeare's The Tempest, Aphra Behn's Oroonoko, and John Milton's Paradise Lost. He has published in Early Theatre, Studies in Philology, The Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies, and Shakespeare Studies. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/african-american-studies

In his new book Inkface: Othello and White Authority in the Era of Atlantic Slavery (University of Virginia Press, 2023), Miles P. Grier argues that blackness in Othello and the texts that it influenced should be understood as deeply material, transferable, and unstable. The defining of alphanumerical and dramatic characters, while represented as settled, was anything but. As Miles writes in the book, “Before the racial categories of high scientific racism were elaborated in the late eighteenth century, a functional white interpretive community was being forged through the shared exercise of interpretive authority over inky black figures. The stage offered a place in which control over symbols and their interpretation could be celebrated as if it were already a fait accompli, rather than a tense, ongoing battle.” Miles Parks Grier is Professor of English at Queens College, City University of New York. Miles's articles have appeared in The William and Mary Quarterly, The Journal of Popular Music Studies, and Shakespeare/Text: Contemporary Readings in Textual Studies, Editing and Performance. Along with Cassander L. Smith and Nicholas Jones, Miles co-edited Early Modern Black Diaspora Studies: A Critical Anthology (Palgrave, 2018). Inkface is his first monograph. John Yargo is a Visiting Assistant Professor of Environmental Humanities at Boston College. He holds a Ph.D. in English from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. His specializations are early modern literature, the environmental humanities, and critical race studies. His dissertation explores early modern representations of environmental catastrophe, including William Shakespeare's The Tempest, Aphra Behn's Oroonoko, and John Milton's Paradise Lost. He has published in Early Theatre, Studies in Philology, The Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies, and Shakespeare Studies. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

In his new book Inkface: Othello and White Authority in the Era of Atlantic Slavery (University of Virginia Press, 2023), Miles P. Grier argues that blackness in Othello and the texts that it influenced should be understood as deeply material, transferable, and unstable. The defining of alphanumerical and dramatic characters, while represented as settled, was anything but. As Miles writes in the book, “Before the racial categories of high scientific racism were elaborated in the late eighteenth century, a functional white interpretive community was being forged through the shared exercise of interpretive authority over inky black figures. The stage offered a place in which control over symbols and their interpretation could be celebrated as if it were already a fait accompli, rather than a tense, ongoing battle.” Miles Parks Grier is Professor of English at Queens College, City University of New York. Miles's articles have appeared in The William and Mary Quarterly, The Journal of Popular Music Studies, and Shakespeare/Text: Contemporary Readings in Textual Studies, Editing and Performance. Along with Cassander L. Smith and Nicholas Jones, Miles co-edited Early Modern Black Diaspora Studies: A Critical Anthology (Palgrave, 2018). Inkface is his first monograph. John Yargo is a Visiting Assistant Professor of Environmental Humanities at Boston College. He holds a Ph.D. in English from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. His specializations are early modern literature, the environmental humanities, and critical race studies. His dissertation explores early modern representations of environmental catastrophe, including William Shakespeare's The Tempest, Aphra Behn's Oroonoko, and John Milton's Paradise Lost. He has published in Early Theatre, Studies in Philology, The Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies, and Shakespeare Studies. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

In his new book Inkface: Othello and White Authority in the Era of Atlantic Slavery (University of Virginia Press, 2023), Miles P. Grier argues that blackness in Othello and the texts that it influenced should be understood as deeply material, transferable, and unstable. The defining of alphanumerical and dramatic characters, while represented as settled, was anything but. As Miles writes in the book, “Before the racial categories of high scientific racism were elaborated in the late eighteenth century, a functional white interpretive community was being forged through the shared exercise of interpretive authority over inky black figures. The stage offered a place in which control over symbols and their interpretation could be celebrated as if it were already a fait accompli, rather than a tense, ongoing battle.” Miles Parks Grier is Professor of English at Queens College, City University of New York. Miles's articles have appeared in The William and Mary Quarterly, The Journal of Popular Music Studies, and Shakespeare/Text: Contemporary Readings in Textual Studies, Editing and Performance. Along with Cassander L. Smith and Nicholas Jones, Miles co-edited Early Modern Black Diaspora Studies: A Critical Anthology (Palgrave, 2018). Inkface is his first monograph. John Yargo is a Visiting Assistant Professor of Environmental Humanities at Boston College. He holds a Ph.D. in English from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. His specializations are early modern literature, the environmental humanities, and critical race studies. His dissertation explores early modern representations of environmental catastrophe, including William Shakespeare's The Tempest, Aphra Behn's Oroonoko, and John Milton's Paradise Lost. He has published in Early Theatre, Studies in Philology, The Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies, and Shakespeare Studies. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/literary-studies

In his new book Inkface: Othello and White Authority in the Era of Atlantic Slavery (University of Virginia Press, 2023), Miles P. Grier argues that blackness in Othello and the texts that it influenced should be understood as deeply material, transferable, and unstable. The defining of alphanumerical and dramatic characters, while represented as settled, was anything but. As Miles writes in the book, “Before the racial categories of high scientific racism were elaborated in the late eighteenth century, a functional white interpretive community was being forged through the shared exercise of interpretive authority over inky black figures. The stage offered a place in which control over symbols and their interpretation could be celebrated as if it were already a fait accompli, rather than a tense, ongoing battle.” Miles Parks Grier is Professor of English at Queens College, City University of New York. Miles's articles have appeared in The William and Mary Quarterly, The Journal of Popular Music Studies, and Shakespeare/Text: Contemporary Readings in Textual Studies, Editing and Performance. Along with Cassander L. Smith and Nicholas Jones, Miles co-edited Early Modern Black Diaspora Studies: A Critical Anthology (Palgrave, 2018). Inkface is his first monograph. John Yargo is a Visiting Assistant Professor of Environmental Humanities at Boston College. He holds a Ph.D. in English from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. His specializations are early modern literature, the environmental humanities, and critical race studies. His dissertation explores early modern representations of environmental catastrophe, including William Shakespeare's The Tempest, Aphra Behn's Oroonoko, and John Milton's Paradise Lost. He has published in Early Theatre, Studies in Philology, The Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies, and Shakespeare Studies. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/performing-arts

In his new book Inkface: Othello and White Authority in the Era of Atlantic Slavery (University of Virginia Press, 2023), Miles P. Grier argues that blackness in Othello and the texts that it influenced should be understood as deeply material, transferable, and unstable. The defining of alphanumerical and dramatic characters, while represented as settled, was anything but. As Miles writes in the book, “Before the racial categories of high scientific racism were elaborated in the late eighteenth century, a functional white interpretive community was being forged through the shared exercise of interpretive authority over inky black figures. The stage offered a place in which control over symbols and their interpretation could be celebrated as if it were already a fait accompli, rather than a tense, ongoing battle.” Miles Parks Grier is Professor of English at Queens College, City University of New York. Miles's articles have appeared in The William and Mary Quarterly, The Journal of Popular Music Studies, and Shakespeare/Text: Contemporary Readings in Textual Studies, Editing and Performance. Along with Cassander L. Smith and Nicholas Jones, Miles co-edited Early Modern Black Diaspora Studies: A Critical Anthology (Palgrave, 2018). Inkface is his first monograph. John Yargo is a Visiting Assistant Professor of Environmental Humanities at Boston College. He holds a Ph.D. in English from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. His specializations are early modern literature, the environmental humanities, and critical race studies. His dissertation explores early modern representations of environmental catastrophe, including William Shakespeare's The Tempest, Aphra Behn's Oroonoko, and John Milton's Paradise Lost. He has published in Early Theatre, Studies in Philology, The Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies, and Shakespeare Studies. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/intellectual-history

In his new book Inkface: Othello and White Authority in the Era of Atlantic Slavery (University of Virginia Press, 2023), Miles P. Grier argues that blackness in Othello and the texts that it influenced should be understood as deeply material, transferable, and unstable. The defining of alphanumerical and dramatic characters, while represented as settled, was anything but. As Miles writes in the book, “Before the racial categories of high scientific racism were elaborated in the late eighteenth century, a functional white interpretive community was being forged through the shared exercise of interpretive authority over inky black figures. The stage offered a place in which control over symbols and their interpretation could be celebrated as if it were already a fait accompli, rather than a tense, ongoing battle.” Miles Parks Grier is Professor of English at Queens College, City University of New York. Miles's articles have appeared in The William and Mary Quarterly, The Journal of Popular Music Studies, and Shakespeare/Text: Contemporary Readings in Textual Studies, Editing and Performance. Along with Cassander L. Smith and Nicholas Jones, Miles co-edited Early Modern Black Diaspora Studies: A Critical Anthology (Palgrave, 2018). Inkface is his first monograph. John Yargo is a Visiting Assistant Professor of Environmental Humanities at Boston College. He holds a Ph.D. in English from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. His specializations are early modern literature, the environmental humanities, and critical race studies. His dissertation explores early modern representations of environmental catastrophe, including William Shakespeare's The Tempest, Aphra Behn's Oroonoko, and John Milton's Paradise Lost. He has published in Early Theatre, Studies in Philology, The Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies, and Shakespeare Studies. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In his new book Inkface: Othello and White Authority in the Era of Atlantic Slavery (University of Virginia Press, 2023), Miles P. Grier argues that blackness in Othello and the texts that it influenced should be understood as deeply material, transferable, and unstable. The defining of alphanumerical and dramatic characters, while represented as settled, was anything but. As Miles writes in the book, “Before the racial categories of high scientific racism were elaborated in the late eighteenth century, a functional white interpretive community was being forged through the shared exercise of interpretive authority over inky black figures. The stage offered a place in which control over symbols and their interpretation could be celebrated as if it were already a fait accompli, rather than a tense, ongoing battle.” Miles Parks Grier is Professor of English at Queens College, City University of New York. Miles's articles have appeared in The William and Mary Quarterly, The Journal of Popular Music Studies, and Shakespeare/Text: Contemporary Readings in Textual Studies, Editing and Performance. Along with Cassander L. Smith and Nicholas Jones, Miles co-edited Early Modern Black Diaspora Studies: A Critical Anthology (Palgrave, 2018). Inkface is his first monograph. John Yargo is a Visiting Assistant Professor of Environmental Humanities at Boston College. He holds a Ph.D. in English from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. His specializations are early modern literature, the environmental humanities, and critical race studies. His dissertation explores early modern representations of environmental catastrophe, including William Shakespeare's The Tempest, Aphra Behn's Oroonoko, and John Milton's Paradise Lost. He has published in Early Theatre, Studies in Philology, The Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies, and Shakespeare Studies. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/european-studies

In his new book Inkface: Othello and White Authority in the Era of Atlantic Slavery (University of Virginia Press, 2023), Miles P. Grier argues that blackness in Othello and the texts that it influenced should be understood as deeply material, transferable, and unstable. The defining of alphanumerical and dramatic characters, while represented as settled, was anything but. As Miles writes in the book, “Before the racial categories of high scientific racism were elaborated in the late eighteenth century, a functional white interpretive community was being forged through the shared exercise of interpretive authority over inky black figures. The stage offered a place in which control over symbols and their interpretation could be celebrated as if it were already a fait accompli, rather than a tense, ongoing battle.” Miles Parks Grier is Professor of English at Queens College, City University of New York. Miles's articles have appeared in The William and Mary Quarterly, The Journal of Popular Music Studies, and Shakespeare/Text: Contemporary Readings in Textual Studies, Editing and Performance. Along with Cassander L. Smith and Nicholas Jones, Miles co-edited Early Modern Black Diaspora Studies: A Critical Anthology (Palgrave, 2018). Inkface is his first monograph. John Yargo is a Visiting Assistant Professor of Environmental Humanities at Boston College. He holds a Ph.D. in English from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. His specializations are early modern literature, the environmental humanities, and critical race studies. His dissertation explores early modern representations of environmental catastrophe, including William Shakespeare's The Tempest, Aphra Behn's Oroonoko, and John Milton's Paradise Lost. He has published in Early Theatre, Studies in Philology, The Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies, and Shakespeare Studies. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/british-studies

This week HATM Podcast is on hiatus so we thought we'd rerelease an older episode for those of you who maybe haven't had the opportunity to explore the back catalog yet. This week's guest is my great friend Brett Rushforth and we are talking about both his favorite film- Up in the Air - and his work in 17th century New France. Looking back, this is one of the more interesting conversations I've ever been part of.  This episode is also one of the first we ever recorded (a testament to Brett's belief in this pod) so you'll hear some differences between how we did the show when we started and where we are now, so kind of a cool little archive. We'll also be livetweeting this film on Sunday, November 19th, so listen in before and see how that affects what you see. Anyway, I hope you enjoy the show. Again.About our guest:Brett Rushforth is a scholar of the early modern Atlantic world whose research focuses on comparative slavery, Native North America, and French colonialism and empire.His first book, Colonial North America and the Atlantic World: A History in Documents (co-edited with Paul W. Mapp), uses primary documents to trace the history of North America in its Atlantic context from the fifteenth through eighteenth centuries.His second book, Bonds of Alliance: Indigenous and Atlantic Slaveries in New France, examined the enslavement of American Indians by French colonists and their Native allies, tracing the dynamic interplay between Native systems of captivity and slavery and French plantation-based racial slavery. In 2013, Bonds of Alliance was named the best book on American social history by the Organization of American Historians (Curti Award), the best book on French colonialism before 1848 by the French Colonial Historical Society (Boucher Prize), the best book on the history of European expansion by the Forum on European Expansion and Global Interaction (FEEGI Biennial Book Prize), and the best book on French history and culture by the Center for French and Francophone Studies at Duke University (Wylie Prize). It was also one of three nominated finalists for the Frederick Douglass Book Prize for the best book on the history of slavery.He recently completed, with Christopher Hodson, a book titled Discovering Empire: France and the Atlantic World from the Crusades to the Age of Revolution, which explores the relationships between Africans, Native Americans, and Europeans across four centuries, from roughly 1400 through Haitian independence in 1804. It will be published by Oxford University Press in 2024.Professor Rushforth works with graduate students in the fields of comparative slavery, early America, early modern Atlantic world, African diaspora, legal history, and Native American history. Before joining the faculty at the University of Oregon, he taught for a decade at the College of William and Mary and was senior academic staff at the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture. From 2013 to 2017 he was the book review editor of the William and Mary Quarterly.

The Charter of Maryland having passed seals, Cecil Calvert, the Second Lord Baltimore, stayed in England to fend off political attacks against his Proprietary Colony. He asked his younger brother Leonard to lead the first settlers in the Ark and the Dove to the banks of the Potomac River. When they get there in the early spring of 1634, they meet Henry Fleet, an English trader who had been in the area since 1621, four of those years as the captive of one of the tribes in the northern Chesapeake. Fleet would turn out to be instrumental in the very successful first year of the Maryland settlement, at St. Mary's City. Twitter: @TheHistoryOfTh2 Facebook: The History of the Americans Podcast Subscribe by email Selected references for this episode Matthew Page Andrews, The Founding of Maryland George Bancroft, History Of The United States Of America, Volume 1 Wesley Frank Craven, The Southern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century 1607-1689 A. J. Morrison, "The Virginia Indian Trade to 1673," The William and Mary Quarterly, October 1921

Noah Webster Jr. and Joseph Emerson Worcester were both born in New England, both went to Yale, and both compiled multiple dictionaries during their lifetimes. But they were very different men, and those differences led to a lot of conflict.  Research: "Joseph Emerson Worcester." Dictionary of American Biography, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1936. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/BT2310000221/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=28ed0fad. Accessed 13 June 2023. "Joseph Emerson Worcester." Oxford Reference. . . Date of access 13 Jun. 2023, https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803124726182 Amherst College Library. “An Exhibit Commemorating the 250th Anniversary of Noah Webster's Birth October 16, 1758.” Archives and Special Collections Department. https://www.amherst.edu/library/archives/exhibitions/webster Bartels, Paul S. "Webster, Noah." American Governance, edited by Stephen Schechter, et al., vol. 5, Macmillan Reference USA, 2016, pp. 291-293. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3629100736/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=3724fc61. Accessed 13 June 2023. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Joseph Emerson Worcester". Encyclopedia Britannica, 17 Mar. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Emerson-Worcester. Accessed 13 June 2023. Cassedy, Tim. “'A Dictionary Which We Do Not Want': Defining America against Noah Webster, 1783–1810.” The William and Mary Quarterly , Vol. 71, No. 2 (April 2014). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5309/willmaryquar.71.2.0229 Cmiel, Kenneth. "Dictionaries." Dictionary of American History, edited by Stanley I. Kutler, 3rd ed., vol. 3, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003, pp. 22-23. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3401801214/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=b1842afb. Accessed 13 June 2023. Dobbs, Christopher. “Noah Webster and the Dream of a Common Language.” Connecticut History. 5/28/2021. https://connecticuthistory.org/noah-webster-and-the-dream-of-a-common-language/ Garner, Bryan A. "Under an Orthographic Spell: Part I." National Review, vol. 75, no. 2, 6 Feb. 2023, p. 50. Gale OneFile: Business, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A734881576/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=705eb3a3. Accessed 13 June 2023. Garner, Bryan A. "Under an Orthographic Spell: Part II." National Review, vol. 75, no. 4, 6 Mar. 2023, p. 46. Gale OneFile: Business, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A737639557/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=59f8ff8f. Accessed 13 June 2023. McDavid, Raven I.. "Noah Webster". Encyclopedia Britannica, 24 May. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Noah-Webster-American-lexicographer. Accessed 14 June 2023. McHugh, Jess. “The Nationalist Roots of Merriam-Webster's Dictionary.” The Paris Review. 3/30/2018. https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2018/03/30/noah-websters-american-english/ Merriam-Webster. “Noah Webster and America's First Dictionary.” https://www.merriam-webster.com/about-us/americas-first-dictionary Micklethwait, David. “Ghost-hunting?: The Search for Henry Bohn's First Worcester Dictionary.” Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America, Volume 38, Issue 1, 2017, pp. 47-66. https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2017.0001 Noah Webster House and West Hartford Historical Society. “Noah Webster History.” https://noahwebsterhouse.org/noahwebsterhistory/ Skinner, David. “Noah Webster, Chronicler of Disease.” HUMANITIES, Spring 2021, Volume 42, Number 2. https://www.neh.gov/article/noah-webster-chronicler-disease Yazawa, Melvin. “Webster, Noah.” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/68670 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The conflict between Noah Webster and Joseph Emerson Worcester, and their dictionaries came to be known as the Dictionary Wars. To set the scene, part one covers the biographies of the two men. Research: "Joseph Emerson Worcester." Dictionary of American Biography, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1936. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/BT2310000221/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=28ed0fad. Accessed 13 June 2023. "Joseph Emerson Worcester." Oxford Reference. . . Date of access 13 Jun. 2023, https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803124726182 Amherst College Library. “An Exhibit Commemorating the 250th Anniversary of Noah Webster's Birth October 16, 1758.” Archives and Special Collections Department. https://www.amherst.edu/library/archives/exhibitions/webster Bartels, Paul S. "Webster, Noah." American Governance, edited by Stephen Schechter, et al., vol. 5, Macmillan Reference USA, 2016, pp. 291-293. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3629100736/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=3724fc61. Accessed 13 June 2023. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Joseph Emerson Worcester". Encyclopedia Britannica, 17 Mar. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Emerson-Worcester. Accessed 13 June 2023. Cassedy, Tim. “'A Dictionary Which We Do Not Want': Defining America against Noah Webster, 1783–1810.” The William and Mary Quarterly , Vol. 71, No. 2 (April 2014). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5309/willmaryquar.71.2.0229 Cmiel, Kenneth. "Dictionaries." Dictionary of American History, edited by Stanley I. Kutler, 3rd ed., vol. 3, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003, pp. 22-23. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3401801214/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=b1842afb. Accessed 13 June 2023. Dobbs, Christopher. “Noah Webster and the Dream of a Common Language.” Connecticut History. 5/28/2021. https://connecticuthistory.org/noah-webster-and-the-dream-of-a-common-language/ Garner, Bryan A. "Under an Orthographic Spell: Part I." National Review, vol. 75, no. 2, 6 Feb. 2023, p. 50. Gale OneFile: Business, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A734881576/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=705eb3a3. Accessed 13 June 2023. Garner, Bryan A. "Under an Orthographic Spell: Part II." National Review, vol. 75, no. 4, 6 Mar. 2023, p. 46. Gale OneFile: Business, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A737639557/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=59f8ff8f. Accessed 13 June 2023. McDavid, Raven I.. "Noah Webster". Encyclopedia Britannica, 24 May. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Noah-Webster-American-lexicographer. Accessed 14 June 2023. McHugh, Jess. “The Nationalist Roots of Merriam-Webster's Dictionary.” The Paris Review. 3/30/2018. https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2018/03/30/noah-websters-american-english/ Merriam-Webster. “Noah Webster and America's First Dictionary.” https://www.merriam-webster.com/about-us/americas-first-dictionary Micklethwait, David. “Ghost-hunting?: The Search for Henry Bohn's First Worcester Dictionary.” Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America, Volume 38, Issue 1, 2017, pp. 47-66. https://doi.org/10.1353/dic.2017.0001 Noah Webster House and West Hartford Historical Society. “Noah Webster History.” https://noahwebsterhouse.org/noahwebsterhistory/ Skinner, David. “Noah Webster, Chronicler of Disease.” HUMANITIES, Spring 2021, Volume 42, Number 2. https://www.neh.gov/article/noah-webster-chronicler-disease Yazawa, Melvin. “Webster, Noah.” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/68670 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

On this episode of Imperfect Men, we examine the chariot-riding master of Battersea, John Banister.Podcast to recommend: Noblesse Oblige (https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/nobelesse-oblige/id1637021887)Sources"A List of Tithes & Taxable Property taken by Dun [Duncan] Rose Gent the 10th day of April, 1782 for Dinwiddie County". The William and Mary Quarterly. 26 (3): 196–201. January 1918. https://www.jstor.org/stable/191801. Retrieved 24 Apr 2023.“Colonel John Banister.” Colonel John Banister Chapter, DAR. http://www.coljohnbanister.org/banister.htm. Retrieved 24 Apr 2023.United States Congress. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000109. Retrieved 24 Apr 2023.See pinned tweet for general sources Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The founding of Maryland was contentious, because its territory falls within the original mandate of the Virginia Company.  Longstanding and attentive listeners may recall that the patent from James I in 1606 conferred the right to settle along the Atlantic coast between 34 and 40 degrees, or from roughly Wilmington, North Carolina to Seaside Heights, New Jersey.  The Crown revoked the Virginia Company's charter in 1624, after the catastrophe of Opechancanough's war, and thereafter it was a Crown Colony with a royal governor. On the one hand, that changed the legal rights of the colonists, as they would eventually find out. On the other, it seemed like a mere governance change, because in the revocation of the charter and the establishment of the Crown Colony, James wasn't very clear about the borders changing. That would become a problem when his son, Charles I, granted Cecil Calvert, the Second Lord Baltimore, the right to settle around the middle and northern Chesapeake for the annual rent of "two Indian arrows." Virginians, who were already there, were more than a little grumpy about that. Lawsuits would be filed, shots would be fired, and men would be hung. Twitter: @TheHistoryOfTh2 Facebook: The History of the Americans Podcast Selected references for this episode George Bancroft, History Of The United States Of America, Volume 1 Timothy B. Riordan, The Plundering Time: Maryland and the English Civil War, 1645–1646 Manfred Jonas, "The Claiborne-Calvert Controversy: An Episode in the Colonization of North America," Jahrbuch für Amerikastudien, 1966. J. Herbert Claiborne, "William Claiborne of Kent Island," The William and Mary Quarterly, April 1921.

This week, HATM Podcast tackles the Acadian Diaspora, the Great Depression, the Odyssey, the Old South, the West, and the greatest Coen Brothers films of all time. Seriously, is there anything we don't cover in this episode? About our guest:Christopher Hodson (PhD., Northwestern University, 2004) is a historian of early America and the early modern Atlantic world. He is the author of The Acadian Diaspora: An Eighteenth-Century History (Oxford, 2012) and essays in the William and Mary Quarterly, French Historical Studies, Early American Studies, and numerous edited volumes. With Brett Rushforth of the University of Oregon, he has recently completed a book manuscript, also to be published by Oxford, on the intertwined histories of France, West Africa, and the Americas from the medieval period through the age of revolutions. With Manuel Covo of the University of California, Santa Barbara, he is currently producing a translated critical edition of a long-lost first-person account of the Haitian Revolution to be published by the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture/University of North Carolina Press. He has received fellowships from the McNeil Center for Early American Studies, the American Council of Learned Societies, and the American Philosophical Society, and has taught as a visiting lecturer at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales in Paris. He has served on numerous editorial boards, conference planning committees, and awards committees, and has recently accepted a position on the College Board's AP U.S. History Exam Development Committee. He is also a volunteer instructor at the Utah State Prison via the Utah Prison Education Project, and serves as an appointed member of Utah's Higher Education and Corrections Council.

Os peregrinos aportam no Massachusetts. Contamos a historia do povo wampanoag do primeiro Dia de Ação de Graças até o momento em que o cadáver de seu líder, Metacomet, está sendo arrastado pelas ruas de Boston como troféu dos puritanos. Um bocado também sobre a cultura do indianismo no século 19 e a figura de Washington Irving, o primeiro escritor romântico estadunidense. Trilha sonora: Satie, Tchaikovski, Chopin, Mozart. Música de desfecho: Nora Keyes. Excreted from our mother's womb. Do álbum "Songs to Cry by for the Golden Age of Nothing", 2004. Referências bibliográficas: ANTELYES, Peter. Tales of adventurous enterprise. Washington Irving and the poetics of western expansion. New York: Columbia UP, 1990. BOORSTIN, Daniel J. The Americans:T he Colonial Experience. New York, 1958. IRVING, Washington. “Philip of Pokanoket: an Indian memoir”. In: The Works of Washington Irving. Fulton Edition, vol. 5: Sketch Book. Abbotsford. New York: The Century Co., 1910, p. 300–319. LEPORE, Jill. The Name of War. King Philip's War and the origins of American identity. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999. MATHER, Cotton. Magnalia Christi Americana: or, the Ecclesiastical History of New–England from its First Planting in the Year 1620 unto the Year of our LORD, 1698. London: Thomas Parkhurst, 1702. MATHER, Increase. A Brief History of the Warre with the Indians in Nevv–England. Boston, 1676. Versão facsímile editada por Paul Royster. MERRELL, James H. Some Thoughts on Colonial Historians and American Indians.The William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 46, No. 1 (Jan., 1989), pp. 94-119. RUTMAN, Darrett B. & RUTMAN, Anita H. A Place in Time: Middlesex County, Virginia, 1650-1750. New York, i984. SCOFIEL, Martin. The Cambridge Introduction to the American short story. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. SILVA, Felipe Vale da. Philip de Pokanoket, de Washington Irving: tradução e comentários. REVISTA XIX, v. 3, p. 213-237, 2016. SLOTKIN, Richard & FOLSOM, James K. (ed.) So Dreadfull a Judgement. Puritan responses to King Philip's War. 1676–1677. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press, 1978. WILLIAMS, Stanley T. The Life of Washington Irving. Volume 1. New York: Oxford University Press, 1935. ZAPF, Hubert. Amerikanische Literaturgeschichte. Stuttgart: Metzler, 2010.

This week we're traveling back to the 18th century with Prey! Join us as we learn about horses and dogs in Comanche society, rites of passage, buffalo hunting, and more! Sources: Yvette Running Horse Collin, "The Relationship Between the Indigenous Peoples of America and the Horse: Deconstructing a Eurocentric Myth," Dissertation, University of Alaska J Frank Dobie, "The Comanches and Their Horses," Southwest Review 36, 1 (1951) Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/prey_2022 Sandra Hale Schulman, "Comanche Nation vs. 'Predator'," Indian Country Today (12 June 2022). https://indiancountrytoday.com/news/comanche-nation-vs-predator  Wendy Ide, "Prey review- stylish Predator prequel rooted in Native American history," The Guardian (6 August 2022). https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/aug/06/prey-review-stylish-predator-prequel-rooted-in-native-american-history   Mia Galuppo, "Next Big Thing: 'Prey' Star Amber Midthunder on Bringing an Indigenous Action Hero Into 'Predator' Franchise," The Hollywood Reporter (4 August 2022). https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/prey-amber-midthunder-indigenous-representation-predator-movie-1235191007/  HeyUGuys, "Prey - Amber Midthunder & Jhane Myers on a Comanche dub, streaming release & the film's physicality," YouTube (5 August 2022). https://youtu.be/CAFq-tF77s0  CinemaBlend, "'Prey' Interviews With Amber Midthunder, Dan Trachtenberg & More!" YouTube (1 August 2022). https://youtu.be/YL1XlfdS20o  Sarah Rose, "Coco the Dog is Georgia's breakout rags-to-riches canine star--with aliens involved!" GPB (16 August 2022). https://www.gpb.org/news/2022/08/16/coco-the-dog-georgias-breakout-rags-riches-canine-star-aliens-involved#:~:text=Coco%2C%20a%20rescued%20dog%20from,stars%20Amber%20Midthunder%20(left). Riley Steward, "Prey Breakout Dakota Beavers Went from Working at TJ Maxx to Fighting Predators," GQ (12 August 2022). https://www.gq.com/story/prey-dakota-beavers  Carson Burton, "'Prey' Star Dakota Beavers Talks Upending Traditional Native Representation in His First Acting Role," Variety (5 August 2022). https://variety.com/2022/film/news/prey-dakota-beavers-predator-native-representation-1235326590/  SE Roberts, "That's Not a Wolf: English Misconceptions and the Fate of New England's Indigenous Dogs," The William and Mary Quarterly (2022).  Peter Mitchell, Horse Nations: The Worldwide Impact of the Horse on Indigenous Societies Post-1492 (Oxford University Press, 2015), 151-4.  Joshua Abram Kercsmar, "Wolves at Heart: How Dog Evolution Shaped Whites' Perceptions of Indians in North America," Environmental History 21, no.3 (2016): 516-40. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44132074  Matthew Jackson, "The Dog in 'Prey' Had No Acting Experience Before the Movie, But She Kept Getting Extra Scenes," SYFY (8 August 2022). https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/prey-dog-no-acting-experience-before-the-movie  Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolina_Dog  Bradley Folsom, "An Interesting and Odd Present: Transporting American Bison across the Atlantic in the Eighteenth Century," The Southwestern Historical Quarterly 120, no.1 (2016): 1-18. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44647077   M. Scott Taylor, "Buffalo Hunt: International Trade and the Virtual Extinction of the North American Bison," The American Economic Review, 101, no.7 (2011): 3162-95. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41408734  Loretta Fowler, The Columbia Guide to American Indians of the Great Plains (Columbia University Press, 2003). https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/fowl11700.5  Robert Michael Morrissey, "Bison Algonquians: Cycles of Violence and Exploitation in the Missisippi Valley Borderlands," Early American Studies 13, no.2 (2015): 309-40. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24474892  Annette Kuhlmann, "American Indian Women of the Plains and Northern Woodlands," Mid-American Review of Sociology 16, 1 (1992) Meagan Navarro, "Prey Producer Jhane Myers Used Her Own Cultural Background to Capture Comanche Authenticity," Bloody Disgusting, available at https://bloody-disgusting.com/interviews/3725606/prey-producer-jhane-myers-used-her-own-cultural-background-to-capture-comanche-authenticity-interview/    

1806 Virginia sees a murder forgotten, a murder ignored, and a murderer set free.This is also the episode where you learn about Thomas Jefferson's secret murdered love child. Maybe.This is Part II of Monstrous Strange. For Part I, please listen to episode 29.Sources:Bailey, John. Jefferson's Second Father:  (Pan, 2013).Berexa, Daniel. “The Murder of Founding Father George Wythe.” Tennessee Bar Association. https://www.tba.org/?pg=LawBlog&blAction=showEntry&blogEntry=9542 . 2010.Boyd, Julian. "The Murder of George Wythe," in The Murder of George Wythe: Two Essays (The Institute of Early American History & Culture, 1955)Callender, James. “The President, Again” by James Thomson Callender (September 1, 1802). (2020, December 07). In Encyclopedia Virginia. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/the-president-again-by-james-thomson-callender-september-1-1802.Chadwick, Bruce. I Am Murdered: George Wythe, Thomas Jefferson, and the Killing That Shocked a New Nation. (Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009).Crawford, Alan Pell. “A House Called Bizarre.” The Washington Post.https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/travel/2000/11/26/a-house-called-bizarre/4ea73982-5c3c-4599-9086-ea209464a666/ 26 November 2000.“George Wythe.” Colonial Williamsburg. https://www.colonialwilliamsburg.org/explore/nation-builders/george-wythe/"Our Lives, Our Stories: Legacy of the Randolph Site - Virtual Tour." Colonial Williamsburg. https://virtualtours.colonialwilliamsburg.org/randolph/ and https://www.colonialwilliamsburg.org/learn/behind-the-scenes/newest-virtual-tour-randolph-site/Hemphill, Edwin. "Examinations of George Wythe Swinney for Forgery and Murder: A Documentary Essay," The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series 12, no. 4 (October 1955): 551–562.Longsworth, Polly. "Jefferson's "alleged child." Colonial Williamsburg Journal. Vol. 21, No. 02 (April/May 1999). “Lydia Broadnax.” Slavery and Remembrance: Colonial Williamsburg. https://slaveryandremembrance.org/people/person/?id=PP040"Monticello Affirms Thomas Jefferson Fathered Children with Sally HemingsA Statement by the Thomas Jefferson Foundation." Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. https://www.monticello.org/thomas-jefferson/jefferson-slavery/thomas-jefferson-and-sally-hemings-a-brief-account/monticello-affirms-thomas-jefferson-fathered-children-with-sally-hemings/Mumford, George Wythe. The Two Parsons (Richmond: J.D.K. Sleight, 1884)."Sally Hemings." Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. https://www.monticello.org/sallyhemings/"Slavery FAQs." Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. https://www.monticello.org/slavery/slavery-faqs/“Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: A Brief Account.”  and “Sally Hemings.” Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. https://www.monticello.org/thomas-jefferson/jefferson-slavery/thomas-jefferson-and-sally-hemings-a-brief-account/ and https://www.monticello.org/sallyhemings/ “Q&A with Bruce Chadwick.” C-SPAN Transcript Viewer. https://www.c-span.org/video/transcript/?id=8188. July 6, 2009.Wolfe, Brendan. “Wythe, The Death of George (1806).” Encyclopedia Virginia.https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/wythe-the-death-of-george-1806/“Wythepedia: The George Wythe Encyclopedia.” The Wolf Law Library. https://lawlibrary.wm.edu/wythepedia/index.php/Main_PageMusic: Dellasera by Shane Ivers - https://www.silvermansound.comFor more information, visit www.oldbloodpodcast.com

In 1806, a founding father of the newly created United States was murdered. This episode is the story of a botched murder investigation, the fight for freedom, and a murderer's forgotten victims.Sources:Bailey, John. Jefferson's Second Father:  (Pan, 2013).Berexa, Daniel. “The Murder of Founding Father George Wythe.” Tennessee Bar Association. https://www.tba.org/?pg=LawBlog&blAction=showEntry&blogEntry=9542 . 2010.Boyd, Julian. "The Murder of George Wythe," in The Murder of George Wythe: Two Essays (The Institute of Early American History & Culture, 1955)Chadwick, Bruce. I Am Murdered: George Wythe, Thomas Jefferson, and the Killing That Shocked a New Nation. (Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009).Crawford, Alan Pell. “A House Called Bizarre.” The Washington Post.https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/travel/2000/11/26/a-house-called-bizarre/4ea73982-5c3c-4599-9086-ea209464a666/ 26 November 2000.“George Wythe.” Colonial Williamsburg. https://www.colonialwilliamsburg.org/explore/nation-builders/george-wythe/Hemphill, Edwin. "Examinations of George Wythe Swinney for Forgery and Murder: A Documentary Essay," The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series 12, no. 4 (October 1955): 551–562.“Lydia Broadnax.” Slavery and Remembrance: Colonial Williamsburg. https://slaveryandremembrance.org/people/person/?id=PP040Mumford, George Wythe. The Two Parsons (Richmond: J.D.K. Sleight, 1884).“Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: A Brief Account.”  and “Sally Hemings.” Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. https://www.monticello.org/thomas-jefferson/jefferson-slavery/thomas-jefferson-and-sally-hemings-a-brief-account/ and https://www.monticello.org/sallyhemings/ “Q&A with Bruce Chadwick.” C-SPAN Transcript Viewer. https://www.c-span.org/video/transcript/?id=8188. July 6, 2009.Wolfe, Brendan. “Wythe, The Death of George (1806).” Encyclopedia Virginia.https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/wythe-the-death-of-george-1806/“Wythepedia: The George Wythe Encyclopedia.” The Wolf Law Library. https://lawlibrary.wm.edu/wythepedia/index.php/Main_PageMusic: Dellasera by Shane Ivers - https://www.silvermansound.comFor more information, visit www.oldbloodpodcast.com

In 1742, in Pomfret, Connecticut, 19-year-old Sarah Grosvenor discovered she was pregnant, the result of a liaison with 27-year-old Amasa Sessions. Instead of marrying Sarah, Amasa provided her with a physician-prescribed abortifacient, what the youth of Pomfret called “taking the trade." When that didn't work to end the pregnancy, the physician attempted a manual abortion, which led to Sarah's death. Three years later, the physician was tried for “highhanded Misdemeanour." The surviving trial documentation gives us an unusually detailed look into the reproductive lives of Connecticut youths in the mid-18th Century.  Joining me in this episode to help us learn more about the Sarah Grosvenor case and its historical context is Dr. Cornelia H. Dayton, Professor of History at the University of Connecticut and author of the 1991 article, “Taking the Trade: Abortion and Gender Relations in an Eighteenth-Century New England Village,” in The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 48, no. 1, 1991, pp. 19–49, and co-creator of the Taking the Trade website. Our theme song is Frogs Legs Rag, composed by James Scott and performed by Kevin MacLeod, licensed under Creative Commons. The episode image is original artwork created by Matthew Weflen. Additional Sources: “Abortion in Colonial America: A Time of Herbal Remedies and Accepted Actions,” by Kimberly Phillips, UConn Today, August 22, 2022. “The Strange Death of Sarah Grosvenor in 1742,” New England Historical Society. “The History of Abortifacients,” by Stassa Edwards, Jezebel, November 18, 2014. “How U.S. abortion laws went from nonexistent to acrimonious,” by Erin Blakemore, National Geographic, May 17, 2022. “In Connecticut, A Long Battle For Reproductive Freedom,” by Susan Campbell, Hartford Courant, June 5, 2014. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode I dive into the reasons why many Latinos/Hispanics are not aware of their native and Black ancestry. References Bennett, Herman L. 2010. Colonial Blackness: A History of Afro-Mexico. N.p.: Indiana University Press. Diaz del Castillo, Bernal. 2020. The Conquest of New Spain. Translated by John M. Cohen. N.p.: Martino Fine Books. Greenleaf, Richard E. 1965. “The Inquisition and the Indians of New Spain: A Study in Jurisdictional Confusion.” The Americas 22, no. 2 (October): 138-166. https://www.jstor.org/stable/979238. Lokken, Paul. 2001. “Marriage as Slave Emancipation in Seventeenth-Century Rural Guatemala.” The Americas 58, no. 2 (October): 175-200. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1007964. Martinez, Maria E. 2004. “The Black Blood of New Spain: Limpieza de Sangre, Racial Violence, and Gendered Power in Early Colonial Mexico.” The William and Mary Quarterly 61, no. 3 (July): 479-520. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3491806. Yeagar, Timothy J. 1995. “Encomienda or Slavery? The Spanish Crown's Choice of Labor Organization in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America.” The Journal of Economic History 55, no. 4 (December): 842-859. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2123819.

**Note, there was some unintended issues with the sound towards the latter part of the recording.  We apologize for any inconvenience or distraction this may cause**This week Will and Josh speak with Professor Kate Carte about the early rise of religion in America.  Starting from the earliest colonizers to present, religion has played a key role in shaping the fabric of society. In some cases for the good, but unfortunately more so to the detriment of others. In this conversation Professor Carte takes us on a journey through some of these highs and lows, to include the origins of the term "witch hunt"; a phrase we've heard used quite often in the past several years! Make sure you check out Kate's recent book: Religion and the American Revolution https://www.amazon.com/Religion-American-Revolution-Published-University/dp/1469662647/ref=sr_1_2?crid=1SRJTKAXU1N44&dchild=1&keywords=religion+and+the+american+revolution+an+imperial+history&qid=1629751965&sprefix=Religion+and%2Caps%2C214&sr=8-2Guest Bio:Kate Carté (Ph.D., history, University of Wisconsin; B.A., Haverford College) is an Associate Professor of History at Southern Methodist University, specializing in early American and Atlantic history.  She is the author of Religion and the American Revolution: An Imperial History (UNC Press for the Omohundro Institute, 2021) and Religion and Profit: Moravians in Early America (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009, paper 2011), which was awarded the 2010 Dale W. Brown Award for Outstanding Scholarship in Anabaptist and Pietist Studies.  Her articles have appeared in the William and Mary Quarterly, Church History, and Early American Studies, as well as a variety of edited collections. Carté has been a Charles A. Ryskamp Fellow of the American Council of Learned Societies, an affiliate fellow of the Center for the Study of Religion at Princeton University, a Franklin Fellow of the American Philosophical Society, and a Barra Postdoctoral Fellow at the McNeil Center for Early American Studies.Support the show

Monarch butterflies are still in the middle of their story – and it's one that is precarious. Humans are still trying to figure out a lot about them, and aspects of the monarch story have been misrepresented over the years. Research: Monarch Joint Venture: https://monarchjointventure.org/ “Monarch Butterfly.” The National Wildlife Federation. https://www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Invertebrates/Monarch-Butterfly Sutherland, Douglas W.S. and Jean Adams, ed. “The Monarch Butterfly – Our National Insect.” Part of “Insect Potpourri: Adventures in Entomology.” CRC Press. 1992. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Danaus". Encyclopedia Britannica, 15 Feb. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Danaus-Greek-mythology Kathleen S. Murphy. “Collecting Slave Traders: James Petiver, Natural History, and the British Slave Trade.” The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 70, no. 4, 2013, pp. 637–70. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.5309/willmaryquar.70.4.0637 Müller-Wille, Staffan. "Carolus Linnaeus". Encyclopedia Britannica, 19 May. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carolus-Linnaeus Stearns, Raymond Phineas. “James Petiver: Promoter of Natural Science, c.1663-1718.” American Antiquarian Society. October 1952. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44807240.pdf “Mark Catesby (1683 – 1749).” Catesby Commemorative Trust. 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20130906122250/http://www.catesbytrust.org/mark-catesby/ Smith-Rogers, Sheryl. “Maiden of the Monarchs.” TEXAS PARKS & WILDLIFE. March 2016. https://monarchjointventure.org/images/uploads/documents/legacy_monarch_catalina_trail_article.pdf Scott, Alec. “Where do you go, my lovelies?” University of Toronto Magazine. Aug. 24, 2015. https://magazine.utoronto.ca/campus/history/where-do-you-go-my-lovelies-norah-and-fred-urquhart-monarch-butterfly-migration/ Hannibal, Mary Ellen. “How you can help save the monarch butterfly -- and the planet.” TEDTalk. April 28, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvJTbegktKc Jarvis CE, Oswald PH. The collecting activities of James Cuninghame FRS on the voyage of Tuscan to China (Amoy) between 1697 and 1699. Notes Rec R Soc Lond. 2015 Jun 20;69(2):135–53. doi: 10.1098/rsnr.2014.0043. “The US Endangered Species Act.” World Wildlife Federation. https://www.worldwildlife.org/pages/the-us-endangered-species-act#:~:text=Passed%20with%20bipartisan%20support%20in,a%20species%20should%20be%20protected. Associated Press. “Beloved monarch butterflies are now listed as endangered.” WBEZ Chicago. July 23, 2022. https://www.wbez.org/stories/beloved-monarch-butterflies-are-now-listed-as-endangered/0f3cf69b-8376-42eb-af0a-9e8b8b4ab6b3 Garland, Mark S., and Andrew K. Davis. “An Examination of Monarch Butterfly (Danaus Plexippus) Autumn Migration in Coastal Virginia.” The American Midland Naturalist, vol. 147, no. 1, 2002, pp. 170–74. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3083045 “Natural History – Monarch Butterfly.” Center for Biological Diversity. https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/invertebrates/monarch_butterfly/natural_history.html Catesby, Mark. “A Monarch butterfly, with orchids.” C. 1722-6. Royal Collection Trust. https://www.rct.uk/collection/926050/a-monarch-butterfly-with-orchids Daly, Natasha. “Monarch butterflies are now an endangered species.” July 21, 2022. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/monarch-butterflies-are-now-an-endangered-species Walker, A., Oberhauser, K.S., Pelton, E.M., Pleasants, J.M. & Thogmartin, W.E. 2022. Danaus plexippus ssp. plexippus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T194052138A200522253. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T194052138A200522253.en Price, Michael. “Monarch miscalculation: Has a scientific error about the butterflies persisted for more than 40 years?” Science. Feb. 24, 2007. https://www.science.org/content/article/monarch-miscalculation-has-scientific-error-about-butterflies-persisted-more-40-years Jiang, Kevin. “Study sheds light on evolutionary origins and the genes central to migration.” UChicago News. Oct. 6, 2014. https://news.uchicago.edu/story/genetic-secrets-monarch-butterfly-revealed Borkin, Susan Sullivan. “Notes on Shifting Distribution Patterns and Survival of Immature Danaus Plexippus (Lepidoptera: Danaidae) on the Food Plant Asclepias Syriaca.” The Great Lakes Entymologist. Vol. 15, No. 3. Fall 1982. https://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1437&context=tgle Cudmore, Rebecca. “SNAPSHOT: Monarchs with big, bright wings arrive in Mexico first.” ScienceLine. June 16, 2014. https://scienceline.org/2014/06/monarch-migration/ Brower, Lincoln P. “UNDERSTANDING AND MISUNDERSTANDING THE MIGRAnON OF THE MONARCH BUTTERFLY (NYMPHALIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA: 1857-1995.” Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society. Vol. 49, No. 4, 1995. https://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/pollinators/Monarch_Butterfly/documents/Understanding_Monarch_Migration1995-Brower.pdf See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

It's the third and final chapter of the Fear Street trilogy! Join us as we discuss why the title really should have been Fear Street 1694, Puritan attitudes toward homosexuality, the good old days when gossip was a crime, and more! Sources: Rachel Black, Alcohol in Popular Culture: An Encyclopedia: https://books.google.com/books?id=mb0SZIYCXREC&pg=PA10#v=onepage&q&f=false https://nerfpedialegacy.fandom.com/wiki/Super_Soaker_50 Associated Press, "Doused Police Chief Hits Crowd with Pepper Spray," Chicago Tribune (25 July 1993): 16.  "Kids Turn in 100 Toy Weapons," Dayton Daily News (11 November 1994): 5B.  Sally Deneen, "In Play: A Consumer's Guide to Toys," Sun Sentinel, Fort Lauderdale, Florida (28 November 1991): 1E.  Christine Eisel, "Several Unhandsome Words": The Politics of Gossip in Early Virginia, dissertation (May 2012), https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_etd/send_file/send?accession=bgsu1332788117&disposition=inline   Francis T. McAndrew, "How "The Gossip" Became a Woman and How "Gossip" Became Her Weapon of Choice," The Oxford Handbook of Women and Competition, ed. Maryanne L. Fisher (2014). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Frank-Mcandrew/publication/261063555_How_The_Gossip_became_a_woman_and_how_Gossip_became_her_weapon_of_choice/links/5a0604e7a6fdcc65eab17a53/How-The-Gossip-became-a-woman-and-how-Gossip-became-her-weapon-of-choice.pdf  Susan Ratcliffe (ed.), "Gossip," in Oxford Essential Quotations, 6 ed. (Oxford University Press, 2018).  Gyles Brandreth (ed.), "Gossip," in Oxford Dictionary of Humorous Quotations, 5 ed. (Oxford University Press, 2014).  Mary Beth Norton, "Witchcraft in the Anglo-American Colonies," OAH Magazine of History 17, no.4 (2003): 5-10. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25163614   Mary Beth Norton, "Gender and Defamation in Seventeenth-Century Maryland," The William and Mary Quarterly 44, no.1 (1987): 3-39. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1939717  Walter W. Woodward, "New England's Other Witch-hunt: The Hartford Witch-hunt of the 1660s and Changing Patterns in Witchcraft Prosecution," OAH Magazine of History, 17, no.4 (2003): 16-20. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25163616  Elizabeth Reis, "Confess or Deny? What's a "Witch" to Do?" OAH Magazine of History, 17, no.4 (2003):11-13. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25163615  Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/fear_street_part_three_1666  Nick Allen, "Fear Street Part Three: 1666" Rogerebert.com (16 July 2021). https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/fear-street-part-three-1666-2021  Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear_Street_Part_Three:_1666  "Kiana Madeira & Olivia Scott Welch Discuss 'Fear Street' Movies | Entertainment Weekly" Entertainment Weekly YouTube (28 July 2021). https://youtu.be/dJR6EktKk-E   Kayla Kumari Upadhyaya, ""Fear Street: 1666" Brings the Trilogy to a Very Gay Close," Autostraddle (19 July 2021). https://www.autostraddle.com/fear-street-1666-gay/  "Fear Street Cast Play MTV Yearbook & Reveal Creepy On Set Moment | MTV Movies" MTV UK YouTube (7 July 2021). https://youtu.be/_GxtoJ1uznY  Richard Godbeer, "The Cry of Sodom: Discourse, Intercourse, and Desire in Colonial New England," William and Mary Quarterly 52, 2 (1995) Roger Thompson, "Attitudes Towards Homosexuality in Seventeenth-Century New England Colonies," Journal of American Studies 23, 1 (1989)

The anglophone Caribbean and other parts of the former British empire celebrate Emancipation Day on the First of August, commemorating the abolition of slavery on August 1, 1804. In this episode, Dr. Natasha Lightfoot joins us for a discussion on Antigua's intricate story of emancipation, freedom, and the impact of colonialism then and now.  Natasha Lightfoot is an Associate Professor in the Department of History and Faculty Fellow in the Department of African American and African Diaspora Studies at Columbia University. Her research and teaching interests include Atlantic slavery and emancipation, Black community formation and acts of resistance, and daily practices of freedom in the nineteenth-century English speaking Caribbean. She is the author of Troubling Freedom: Antigua and the Aftermath of British Emancipation (Duke University Press, 2015), which focuses on black working people's struggles and everyday forms of liberation in British colonial Antigua after slavery's end. She has also been published in The New York Times, as well as a number of academic journals including The CLR James Journal, Slavery & Abolition, Small Axe, and most recently the William and Mary Quarterly. Her research has been supported by fellowships from the American Antiquarian Society, the Ford Foundation, the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, the British Library, and most recently from the American Council of Learned Societies. She is currently writing a book titled Fugitive Cosmopolitans about enslaved people's mobility, imperial subjecthood and struggles for freedom between empires in the Caribbean. Follow Dr. Lightfoot on Twitter.  Connect with Strictly Facts -  Instagram | Facebook | TwitterLooking to read more about the topics covered in this episode? Subscribe to the newsletter at www.strictlyfactspod.com to get the Strictly Facts Syllabus to your email!Produced by Breadfruit Media

We are on the road to Plymouth. There are several strands that weave together in 1620, when the Pilgrims on the Mayflower land at an abandoned Indian village known as Patuxet, at a site John Smith had named Plymouth. One of those strands is the rise of dissident Protestantism in England, and the idea that it might best be dealt with by transplanting early Separatists to the New World. The first such project, an attempt in 1597 to make a Separatist colony on islands at the mouth of the St. Lawrence River, would fail spectacularly. But it would also be an important precursor of the settlement that many -- not all, but many -- Americans identify as the national origin story. Twitter: @TheHistoryOfTh2 Facebook: The History of the Americans Podcast References for this episode David B. Quinn, "The First Pilgrims," The William and Mary Quarterly, July 1966. The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (Pilgrim)

This week we're going back to 17th century Virginia with Disney's Pocahontas! Join us to learn about pugs, the promises of the Virginia Company, tattoos, Governor Ratcliffe, and more! Sources: IMDB, Pocahontas: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0114148/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0 The Making of Pocahontas, Documentary available at https://youtu.be/-78sG39u-3g Pocahontas, Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1063452-pocahontas Roger Ebert Review, Pocahontas: https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/pocahontas-1995 John White, "Woman of the Secotan-Indians of North Carolina," 1585, available at https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:North_carolina_algonkin-kleidung01.jpg Edward L Bond, "Source of Knowledge, Source of Power: The Supernatural World of English Virginia, 1607-1624," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, 108, 2 (2000) AT Sinclair, "Tattooing of the North American Indians," American Anthropologist 11, 2 (1909) Pocahontas, Powhatan Museum of Arts and Indigenous Culture, available at http://www.powhatanmuseum.com/Pocahontas.html Joseph Highmore, Portrait of a Lady with a Pug Dog, painting reproduction available at https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/portrait-of-a-lady-with-a-pug-dog-70968 Portrait of a Lady From the Order of the Pug, available at https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Attributed_to_Anna_Rosina_Lisiewska_-_Portrait_of_a_Lady_from_the_Order_of_the_Pug.png William Hogarth, the Painter and His Pug, available at https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Painter_and_His_Pug_by_William_Hogarth.jpg Photo of Mausoleum of William the Silent, available at https://www.flickr.com/photos/87453322@N00/14806345853 Pugs, American Kennel Club, available at https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/pug-history-ancient-companion-origins/ Laura D. Gelfand, Our Dogs, Ourselves: Dogs in Early Modern Art, Literature, and Society. Brill, 2016 Forrest K. Lehman, "Settled Place, Contested Past: Reconciling George Percy's "A Trewe Relacyon" with John Smith's "Generall Historie," Early American Literature 42:2 (2007): 235-61. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25057497  Jeffrey L. Sheler, "Rethinking Jamestown," Smithsonian Magazine (January 2005) https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/rethinking-jamestown-105757282/  John Smith, The generall historie of Virginia, New England & the Summer Isles: together with The true travels, adventures and observations, and A sea grammar. Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbcb.0262a/?st=gallery  (82-106) Captain John Smith: A Select Edition of His Writings ed. Karen Ordahl Kupperman (University of North Carolina, 1988) 79-132. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9780807839317_kupperman.9    Martin H. Quitt, "Trade and Acculturation at Jamestown, 1607-1609: The Limits of Understanding," The William and Mary Quarterly 52:2 (1995): 227-258. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2946974  Walter L. Hixson, ""No Savage Shall Inherit the Land": The Indian Enemy Other, Indiscriminate Warfare, and American National Identity, 1607-1783," U.S. Foreign Policy and the Other eds. Michael Patrick Cullinane and David Ryan, 16-41 (Bergahn Books, 2015). https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qct9n.4  Virginia Bernhard, "Poverty and the Social Order in Seventeenth-Century Virginia," The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 85:2 (1977): 141-155. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4248117   Misha Ewen, ""Poore Soules": Migration, Labor, and Visions for Commonwealth in Virginia," in Virginia 1619: Slavery and Freedom in the Making of English America eds. Paul Musselwhite, Peter C. Mancall, and James Horn, 133-149 (University of North Carolina Press, 2019). https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469651811_musselwhite.11  Hugh T. Lefler, "Promotional Literature of the Southern Colonies," The Journal of Southern History 33:1 (1967): 3-25. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2204338     

CLICK HERE to listen to episode audio (5:35).Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments Image Sources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 2-11-22.TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of February 14, 2022.  This week's episode –the third in a series of episodes on water in U.S. civil rights history—explores water access and use in African-American civil rights history.  The episode particularly focuses on a May 2018 essay, “The Role of Water in African American History,” written by Tyler Parry, of the University of Nevada-Las Vegas, for the blog Black Perspectives, published by the African American Intellectual History Society.  We set the stage with three water sounds related to different aspects of African American and civil rights history.  Have a listen for about 30 seconds and see what connections you think these sounds have to that history.   SOUNDS – ~32 sec. You heard Chesapeake Bay waves, children swimming at a public pool, and water coming out of a fire hose.  These represent three broad themes in African Americans' relationships with water: 1) uses of natural water bodies for livelihoods, recreation, transportation, repression, and resistance; 2) access, or lack thereof, to officially segregated water facilities, as occurred with swimming pools, water fountains, river ferries, and other facilities prior to the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964; and 3) water used as a weapon against citizens demonstrating for civil rights, as in the use of fire hoses on demonstrators in Birmingham, Alabama; Danville, Virginia; and other places.  In his essay on water in African American history, Tyler Parry notes these and several other ways that, quote, “water was often present at key moment in the Black experience.  Here are some other examples from Dr. Parry's essay: the location of African societies near water; the Atlantic transport of enslaved Africans to American colonies and then the United States; use of American waterways—including the James and other Virginia rivers—in the movement of enslaved people; rivers and other waters providing routes of escape from slavery; segregation of African Americans into areas susceptible to flooding; and the importance of water in culture and spiritual practices. Viewing these examples collectively, Dr. Parry's essay states, quote, “One finds that water holds a dual role in the history of Black culture and intellectual thought.  In one sense, water is an arena for resistance that liberates, nourishes, and sanctifies a people, but it can also be weaponized by hegemonic forces seeking to degrade, poison, or eliminate rebellious populations,” unquote. Thanks to Tyler Parry for his scholarship on this topic and for assisting Virginia Water Radio with this episode. We close with some music for the role of water in African American history.  Here's a 50-second arrangement of “Wade in the Water,” an African American spiritual dating back to the time of slavery in the United States and connected to the history of the Underground Railroad and the modern Civil Rights Movement.  This arrangement was composed by and is performed here by Torrin Hallett, a graduate student at the Yale School of Music. MUSIC - ~ 50 sec – instrumental. SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of Cripple Creek to open and close this episode.  In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Virginia Water Radio thanks Dr. Tyler Parry, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, for his help with this episode. The sounds heard in this episode were as follows:Chesapeake Bay waves on Kent Island, Md., recorded by Virginia Water Radio on June 22, 2010;swimmers at Blacksburg Aquatic Center in Blacksburg, Va., recorded by Virginia Water Radio in July 2019;fire hose sound recorded by user bigroomsound, made available for use by purchase on Pond5, online at https://www.pond5.com/sound-effects/item/5499472-watersprayfireman-hosevarious. The arrangement of “Wade in the Water” (a traditional hymn) heard in this episode is copyright 2021 by Torrin Hallett, used with permission.  Torrin is a 2018 graduate of Oberlin College and Conservatory in Oberlin, Ohio; a 2020 graduate in Horn Performance from Manhattan School of Music in New York; and a 2021 graduate of the Lamont School of Music at the University of Denver.  He is currently a graduate student at the Yale School of Music.  More information about Torrin is available online at https://www.facebook.com/torrin.hallett.  Thanks very much to Torrin for composing this arrangement especially for Virginia Water Radio.  This music was used previously by Virginia Water Radio in Episode 566, 3-1-21, the introduction to Virginia Water Radio's series on water in U.S. civil rights history. Click here if you'd like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com. IMAGE Sculpture in Birmingham, Alabama's, Kelly Ingram Park, recalling fire hoses being used on civil rights protestors in the 1960s.  Photo by Carol M. Highsmith, March 3, 2010.  Accessed from the Library of Congress, online at https://www.loc.gov/item/2010636978/, 2/15/22. SOURCES Used for AudioJeff Adelson, “New Orleans segregation, racial disparity likely worsened by post-Katrina policies, report says,” Nola.com (New Orleans Times-Picayune and New Orleans Advocate), April 5, 2018. Taylor Branch, Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963-65, Simon & Schuster, New York, 1998. Waldo E. Martin, Jr., and Patricia Sullivan, Civil Rights in the United States, Vol. One, Macmillian Reference USA, New York, 2000. Middle Passage Ceremonies and Port Markers Project, Transport on James River: “African Presence in Virginia,” undated, online at https://www.middlepassageproject.org/2020/04/29/african-presence-in-virginia/.  National Civil Rights Museum (Memphis, Tenn.), “Jim Crow Water Dippers,” online at https://www.civilrightsmuseum.org/from-the-vault/posts/water-dippers. Tyler Parry, “The Role of Water in African American History,” Black Perspectives, African American Intellectual History Society, May 4, 2018, online at https://www.aaihs.org/the-role-of-water-in-african-american-history/. James Patterson, Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945-1974, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, and New York, N.Y., 1996. Donald M. Sweig, “The Importation of African Slaves to the Potomac River, 1732-1772,” The William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 42, No. 4 (October 1985), pages 507-524; online at https://www.jstor.org/stable/1919032?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents. Virginia Commission to Examine Racial Inequity in Virginia Law, “Identifying and addressing the vestiges of inequity and inequality in Virginia's laws,” November 15, 2020, online at https://www.governor.virginia.gov/racial-inequity-commission/reports/, as of August 2021.  As of February 2022, this report is no longer available at this URL.  A description of the project is available in a February 10, 2021, news release from then Virginia Gov. Ralph Northam, online at https://www.governor.virginia.gov/newsroom/all-releases/2021/february/headline-892615-en.html. Victoria W. Wolcott, “The forgotten history of segregated swimming pools and amusement parks,” UB NOW, University of Buffalo, July 11, 2019. Ed Worley, “Water fountains symbolize 1960s civil rights movement,” U.S. Army blog (unnamed), February 22, 2018, online at https://www.army.mil/article/200456/water_fountains_symbolize_1960s_civil_rights_movement. Water Citizen LLC, “Until Justice Rolls Down Like Waters—Water & the Civil Rights Movement,” Water Citizen News, January 16, 2014, online at http://watercitizennews.com/until-justice-rolls-down-like-water-water-the-civil-rights-movement/. Howard Zinn, A People's History of the United States, HarperCollins, New York, N.Y., 2003. For More Information about Civil Rights in the United States British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), “The Civil Rights Movement in America,” online at https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zcpcwmn/revision/1. Georgetown Law Library, “A Brief History of Civil Rights in the United States,” online at https://guides.ll.georgetown.edu/civilrights. Howard University Law Library, “A Brief History of Civil Rights in the United States,” online at https://library.law.howard.edu/civilrightshistory/intro. University of Maryland School of Law/Thurgood Marshall Law Library, “Historical Publications of the United States Commission on Civil Rights,” online at https://law.umaryland.libguides.com/commission_civil_rights. U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, online at https://www.usccr.gov/. U.S. House of Representatives, “Constitutional Amendments and Major Civil Rights Acts of Congress Referenced in Black Americans in Congress,” online at https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Historical-Data/Constitutional-Amendments-and-Legislation/. U.S. National Archives, “The Constitution of the United States,” online at https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/constitution. RELATED VIRGINIA WATER RADIO EPISODES All Water Radio episodes are listed by category at the Index link above (http://www.virginiawaterradio.org/p/index.html).  See particularly the “History” subject category. This episode is part of the series, Exploring Water in U.S. Civil Rights History.  As of February 14, 2022, other episodes in the series are as follows: Episode 566, 3-1-21 – series overview.Episode 591, 8-23-21 – water symbolism in African American civil rights history. Following are links to some other previous episodes on the history of African Americans in Virginia. Episode 459, 2-11-19 – on Abraham Lincoln's arrival in Richmond at the end of the Civil War.Episode 128, 9-17-12 – on Chesapeake Bay Menhaden fishing crews and music.Episode 458, 2-4-19 – on Nonesuch and Rocketts Landing in Richmond. FOR VIRGINIA TEACHERS – RELATED STANDARDS OF LEARNING (SOLs) AND OTHER INFORMATIONFollowing are some Virginia Standards of Learning (SOLs) that may be supported by this episode's audio/transcript, sources, or other information included in this post. 2020 Music SOLs SOLs at various grade levels that call for “examining the relationship of music to the other fine arts and other fields of knowledge.” 2015 Social Studies SOLs Grades K-3 History Theme1.2 – Virginia history and life in present-day Virginia.Grades K-3 Civics Theme3.12 – Importance of government in community, Virginia, and the United States, including government protecting rights and property of individuals.3.13 – People of America's diversity of ethnic origins, customs, and traditions, under a republican form of government with respect for individual rights and freedoms.Virginia Studies CourseVS.7 – Civil War issues and events, including the role of Virginia and the role of various ethnic groups.VS.8 – Reconstruction era in Virginia, including “Jim Crow” issues and industrialization.VS.9 – How national events affected Virginia and its citizens. United States History to 1865 CourseUSI.5 – Factors that shaped colonial America and conditions in the colonies, including how people interacted with the environment to produce goods and service.USI.9 – Causes, events, and effects of the Civil War. United States History: 1865-to-Present CourseUSII.3 – Effects of Reconstruction on American life.USII.4 – Developments and changes in the period 1877 to early 1900s.USII.6 – Social, economic, and technological changes from the 1890s to 1945.USII.8 – Economic, social, and political transformation of the United States and the world after World War II.USII.9 – Domestic and international issues during the second half of the 20th Century and the early 21st Century. Civics and Economics Course CE.2 – Foundations, purposes, and components of the U.S. Constitution. CE.3 – Citizenship rights, duties, and responsibilities. CE.6 – Government at the national level.CE.7 – Government at the state level.CE.8 – Government at the local level.CE.10 – Public policy at local, state, and national levels. World Geography CourseWG.2 – How selected physical and ecological processes shape the Earth's surface, including climate, weather, and how humans influence their environment and are influenced by it.WG.3 – How regional landscapes reflect the physical environment and the cultural characteristics of their inhabitants.Virginia and United States History CourseVUS.6 – Major events in Virginia and the United States in the first half of the 19th Century.VUS.7 – Knowledge of the Civil War and Reconstruction eras.VUS.13 – Changes in the United States in the second half of the 20th Century.VUS.14 – Political and social conditions in the 21st Century.Government CourseGOVT.4 – Purposes, principles, and structure of the U.S. Constitution.GOVT.5 – Federal system of government in the United States.GOVT.7 – National government organization and powers.GOVT.8 – State and local government organization and powers.GOVT.9 – Public policy process at local, state, and national levels.GOVT.11 – Civil liberties and civil rights. Virginia's SOLs are available from the Virginia Department of Education, online at http://www.doe.virginia.gov/testing/.Following are links to Water Radio episodes (various topics) designed especially for certain K-12 grade levels. Episode 250, 1-26-15 – on boiling, for kindergarten through 3rd grade.Episode 255, 3-2-15 – on density, for 5th and 6th grade.Episode 282, 9-21-15 – on living vs. non-living, for kindergarten.Episode 309, 3-28-16 – on temperature regulation in animals, for kindergarten through 12th grade.Episode 333, 9-12-16 – on dissolved gases, especially dissolved oxygen in aquatic habitats, for 5th grade.Episode 403, 1-15-18 – on freezing and ice, for kindergarten through 3rd grade.Episode 404, 1-22-18 – on ice on ponds and lakes, for 4th through 8th grade.Episode 406, 2-5-18 – on ice on rivers, for middle school.Episode 407, 2-12-18 – on snow chemistry and physics, for high school.Episode 483, 7-29-19 – on buoyancy and drag, for middle school and high school.Episode 524, 5-11-20 – on sounds by water-related animals, for elementary school through high school.Episode 531, 6-29-20 – on various ways that animals get water, for 3rd and 4th grade.Episode 539, 8-24-20 – on basic numbers and facts about Virginia's water resources, for 4th and 6th grade.

William Byrd II to Lucy Parke aka “Fidelia”, ca. 1705-6. In which there are a lot of old timey fart jokes. This is the second part of the Martha Washington's In-Laws series, featuring a letter from Colonial Virginian slave-holder and satirical writer, William Byrd II. Heads up, this episode contains mentions of brutal treatment of enslaved people and sexual violence. The Letter: Byrd, William, William III Byrd and Marion Tinling. The Correspondence of the Three William Byrds of Westover, Virginia, 1684-1776. Charlottesville: Published for the Virginia Historical Society [by] the University Press of Virginia, 1977. 1: 254-56. Further Reading: Paula A. Treckel, “The Empire of My Heart”: The Marriage of William Byrd II and Lucy Parke Byrd,” in The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Spring, 1997, Vol. 105, No. 2, pp. 125-156. Peter Wagner, “The Female Creed”: A New Reading of William Byrd Ribald Parody, in Early American Literature, Fall, 1984, vol. 19. No. 2, Special European Issue, pp. 122-137. Cameron C. Nickels, and John H. O'Neill. "Upon the Attribution of "Upon a Fart" to William Byrd of Westover." Early American Literature 14, no. 2 (1979): 143-48. Accessed August 22, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25070929. Willie T. Weathers, “William Byrd: Satirist,” in The William and Mary Quarterly, Jan. 1947, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 27-41 Byrd, William, Wright, Louis B. (Louis Booker) (ed) and Tinling, Marion (joint ed). The Secret Diary of William Byrd of Westover, 1709-1712. Richmond, Va: The Dietz Press, 1941. Lockridge, Kenneth A., and Institute of Early American History and Culture (Williamsburg, Va.). The Diary and Life of William Byrd II of Virginia, 1674-1744. Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Va., by the University of North Carolina Press, 1987.

The English established a colony on the coast near today's Phippsburg, Maine in 1607, only a couple of months after the founding of Jamestown. It would survive just over a year.  The Popham or Sagadahoc Colony was the culmination of several exploratory missions along the New England coast from approximately Cape Cod to Maine between 1602 and 1605.  In 1602, Bartholomew Gosnold, who would eventually die at Jamestown, led the first of those missions to the New England coast and gave several famous places names that we use today, including Cape Cod and Martha's Vineyard.  His expedition would stay in the Elizabeth Islands, which shelter Buzzard's Bay in Massachusetts, for more than three weeks, and have extensive encounters with local indigenous peoples. The Gosnold narrative of those encounters has all sorts of interesting stuff! Twitter: @TheHistoryOfTh2 Selected references for this episode Henry Otis Thayer, The Sagadahoc Colony: Comprising the Relation of a Voyage Into New England Warner F. Gookin, "Who was Bartholomew Gosnold?", The William and Mary Quarterly, July 1949. A briefe and true relation of the discouerie of the north part of Virginia being a most pleasant, fruitfull and commodious soile: made this present yeere 1602, by Captaine Bartholomew Gosnold, Captaine Bartholowmew [sic] Gilbert, and diuers other gentlemen their associats, by the permission of the honourable knight, Sir Walter Ralegh, &c. Written by M. Iohn Brereton one of the voyage. 

This week we're traveling back to the Revolutionary Era. . . but also kinda the 19th century. . . and also the reign of James I (?) with America: The Motion Picture! Join us to learn more about Samuel Adams, motivational posters, John 3:16, Benedict Arnold, and more! Sources: Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty: Philip G. Davidson, "Sons of Liberty and Stamp Men," The North Carolina Historical Review 9:1 (January 1932): 38-56, https://www.jstor.org/stable/23514881 Benjamin H. Irvin, "Tar, Fearthers, and the Enemies of American Liberties, 1768-1776," The New England Quarterly 76:2 (June 2003): 197-238. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1559903 Paulina Maier, "Coming to Terms with Samuel Adams," The American Historical Review 81:1 (February 1976): 12-37, https://www.jstor.org/stable/1863739 . "Sons of Liberty," Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum https://www.bostonteapartyship.com/sons-of-liberty Patrick J. Kiger, "Who Were the Sons of Liberty?" History, https://www.history.com/news/sons-of-liberty-members-causes "Samuel Adams," National Park Service, https://www.nps.gov/bost/learn/historyculture/samuel-adams.htm Erick Trickey, "The Story Behind a Forgotten Symbol of the American Revolution: The Liberty Tree," Smithsonian Magazine (19 May 2016), https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/story-behind-forgotten-symbol-american-revolution-liberty-tree-180959162/ . Malinda Maynor Lowery, "Disposed to Fight to Their Death," The Lumbee Indians: An American Struggle (University of North Carolina Press, 2018), https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469646398_lowery.10 . Brad A. Jones, "Liberty Triumphant: The Stamp Act Crisis in the British Atlantic," Resisting Independence: Popular Loyalism in the Revolutionary British Atlantic (Cornell University Press, 2021), https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv10crcq5.5 Motivational Posters: "Hang in there, Baby," Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hang_in_there,_Baby Katrina Martin, "Motivation station: A look at worksplace motivational posters from the 1920s," The Devil's Tale: Dispatches from the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University Libraries (18 December 2014). https://blogs.library.duke.edu/rubenstein/2014/12/18/motivation-posters/ Gordon Grant, "'Hang in There' Creator Does," Los Angeles Times (3 September 1978), B1, B12. Carolyn Zola, "Think "I" And You Work Alone: Mather Constructive Character Posters and the Advertising of Self-Mastery," Berkeley Undergraduate Journal 28:1 (2015). https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jh651qb John 3:16 NIV Study Bible Daniel Dreisbach, "Bible," Mount Vernon Museum. Available at https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/bible/ Film Background: Ethan Anderton, Interview with Matt Thompson. SlashFilm. Available at https://www.slashfilm.com/america-the-motion-picture-director-matt-thompson-interview/ America: The Motion Picture. Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/america_the_motion_picture Steve Green, Review of America: The Motion Picture. IndieWire. Available at https://www.indiewire.com/2021/06/america-the-motion-picture-review-netflix-animated-movie-1234647652/ Benedict Arnold: Mark Edward Lender and James Kirby Martin, "A Traitor's Epiphany: Benedict Arnold and the Quest for Virginia," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 125, 4 (2017) Jessica Robinson, "Benedict Arnold: American Hero, American Villain," On Point 18, 1 (2012) Charles Royster, "The Nature of Treason: Revolutionary Virtue and American Reactions to Benedict Arnold," William and Mary Quarterly 36, 2 (1979) Nathaniel Philbrick, "Why Benedict Arnold Turned Traitor Against the American Revolution," Smithsonian Magazine, available at https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/benedict-arnold-turned-traitor-american-revolution-180958786/

In Occupied America, Donald F. Johnson chronicles the everyday experience of ordinary people living under military occupation during the American Revolution. Focusing on day-to-day life in port cities held by the British Army, Johnson recounts how men and women from a variety of backgrounds navigated harsh conditions, mitigated threats to their families and livelihoods, took advantage of new opportunities, and balanced precariously between revolutionary and royal attempts to secure their allegiance. Between 1775 and 1783, every large port city along the Eastern seaboard fell under British rule at one time or another. As centers of population and commerce, these cities—Boston, New York, Newport, Philadelphia, Savannah, Charleston—should have been bastions from which the empire could restore order and inspire loyalty. Military rule's exceptional social atmosphere initially did provide opportunities for many people—especially women and the enslaved, but also free men both rich and poor—to reinvent their lives, and while these opportunities came with risks, the hope of social betterment inspired thousands to embrace military rule. Nevertheless, as Johnson demonstrates, occupation failed to bring about a restoration of imperial authority, as harsh material circumstances forced even the most loyal subjects to turn to illicit means to feed and shelter themselves, while many maintained ties to rebel camps for the same reasons. As occupations dragged on, most residents no longer viewed restored royal rule as a viable option. Don Johnson is associate professor of early American history at North Dakota State University, where his research focuses on popular politics and everyday experience during the American Revolution. His first book, Occupied America: British Military Rule and the Experience of Revolution, was published by the University of Pennsylvania Press in 2020, and other writings have appeared in the Journal of American History, The Journal of Commonwealth and Imperial History, and the William and Mary Quarterly, among other venues. Johnson earned his PhD in American History from Northwestern University and also holds an MA from the University of Delaware's Winterthur Program in American Material Culture.

The Catholic Church is the United State's second largest religious grouping, after Protestantism, and the country's largest church or religious denomination.  As of 2018, 23% of the United States population was Catholic. This is startling when you realize that at the beginning of the American experiment, religions and their adherents were almost completely Protestant and vehemently, sometimes violently, anti-Catholic. The story of this transformation is critical to understanding the American religious landscape, which is another way of saying it is critical to understanding America. And, often the best way to understand a historical movement or event is to learn about individual actors on history's stage. Importantly, as historian Anne Braude of Harvard Divinity School wrote: “Women's History is American Religious History.” One prominent Catholic in American history is Elizabeth Ann Seton, who began the Sisters of Charity, the first religious community of women founded in the United States, and who was the aunt of Seton Hall University's founder, Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley. Today to help us understand the life and times of Elizabeth Ann Seton is Catherine O'Donnell, Professor of History at Arizona State University and author of Elizabeth Seton: American Saint, which was awarded the Distinguished Book Award by the Conference on the History of Women Religious, for books published from 2016-2018, as well as the Biography Prize from the Catholic Press Association. Her primary research interests include Early American history, culture, and religion. She is also the author of Men of Letters in the Early Republic and many articles appearing in venues including the William and Mary Quarterly, the Journal of the Early Republic, Early American Literature, and the US Catholic Historian. She teaches undergraduate and graduate courses on early American history and the Atlantic World. It is hoped that our time together today will help us better understand what religion has done to America, and what America has done to religion, and we trust that as a result, listeners will come to better understand how revolutionary and indispensable the idea of religious freedom as a governing principle, is, to the United States and its future. Join us in building The National Museum of American Religion in the nation's capital, to open in 2026, on the 240th anniversary of Thomas Jefferson's immortal words "Almighty God hath created the mind free", by donating at storyofamericanreligion.org/contribute.

This week we're talking about Pirates of the Caribbean: Curse of the Black Pearl! Join us for a discussion of rum, Port Royal, and, most importantly, an in-depth exploration of just when the heck this movie is supposed to be taking place. Sources: Background: Making of: https://youtu.be/X6s9jQbM9N4 https://www.cinemablend.com/news/1640229/apparently-keira-knightley-had-no-faith-in-pirates-of-the-caribbean https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/pirates_of_the_caribbean_the_curse_of_the_black_pearl https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean:_The_Curse_of_the_Black_Pearl Bios: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gore_Verbinski https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Bruckheimer#Filmography https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Elliott_(screenwriter) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Rossio Hollywood Reporter review, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/pirates-caribbean-curse-black-pearl-thrs-2003-review-1005193 Roger Ebert review, https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/pirates-of-the-caribbean-the-curse-of-the-black-pearl-2003 Port Royal: Matlock, Julie Yates. "The Process of Colonial Adaptation: English Responses to the 1692 Earthquake at Port Royal, Jamaica." 2012. (dissertation) Drain the Sunken Pirate City (NatGeo) Simon P. Newman, "Hidden in Plain Sight: Escaped Slaves in Late Eighteenth-and Early Nineteenth-Century Jamaica," William and Mary Quarterly (June 2018): 1-53. https://oieahc.wm.edu/digital-projects/oi-reader/simon-p-newman-hidden-in-plain-sight/ Carla Gardina Pestana, "Early English Jamaica Without Pirates," The William and Mary Quarterly 71:3 (July 2014): 321-360. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5309/willmaryquar.71.3.0321 Nuala Zahedieh, "The Merchants of Port Royal, Jamaica, and the Spanish Contraband Trade, 1655-1692," The William and Mary Quarterly 43:4 (Oct., 1986): 570-593. http://www.jstor.com/stable/1923683 Jack P. Greene, "Jamaica at Midcentury: A Social and Economic Profile," Settler Jamaica in the 1750s: A Social Portrait (University of Virginia Press). http://www.jstor.com/stable/j.ctt1dgn5qd.5 Denver Brunsman, "The Knowles Atlantic Impressment Riots of the 1740s," Early American Studies 5:2 (Fall 2007): 324-366. Christine Walker, "Port Royal," Jamaica Ladies: Female Slaveholders and the Creation of Britain's Atlantic Empire (University of North Carolina Press, 2020). https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469655284_walker.6 Vincent Brown, "The Eighteenth Century: Growth, Crisis, and Revolution," in The Princeton Companion to Atlantic History eds. Joseph C. Miller, Vincent Brown, Jorge Canizares-Esguerra, Laurent Dubois, and Karen Ordahl Kupperman (Princeton University Press). http://www.jstor.com/stable/j.ctt18s30x4.11 James Robertson, "Making Jamaica English: Priorities and Processes," The Torrid Zone: Caribbean Colonization and Cultural Interaction in the Long Seventeenth Century ed. L.H. Roper (University of South Carolina Press). http://www.jstor.com/stable/j.ctv6sj7vv.11 Guy Chet, "Atlantic Frontier: Continued Piracy through the Long Eighteenth Century" The Ocean Is a Wilderness: Atlantic Piracy and the Limits of State Authority, 1688-1856 (University of Massachusetts Press). http://www.jstor.com/stable/j.ctt5vk2s5.6 Cordingly, David. "Pirates and Port Royal." History Today 42, (5/1992): 62. https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/09/prison-labor-in-america/406177/ Henry Morgan bios: Zahedieh, Nuala. "Morgan, Sir Henry (c. 1635–1688), privateer and colonial governor." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 23 Sep. 2004; Accessed 3 Sep. 2020. https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-19224. and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Morgan "Remembrance of the Great Earthquake" http://www.jnht.com/documents/remembrance-of-the-great-earthquake.pdf Jamaica National Heritage Trust https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-18601357 and https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/earthquake-destroys-jamaican-pirate-haven#:~:text=On%20June%207%2C%201692%2C%20a,to%20destroy%20the%20entire%20town. Trevor Burnard, "European Migration to Jamaica, 1655-1780," The William and Mary Quarterly 53:4 (Oct., 1996): 769-796. http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O100708/doll-with-dress-unknown/ http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O116924/gown-unknown/ http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O318880/gown-unknown/ https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp00741/john-vaughan-3rd-earl-of-carbery https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/1690-1699/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Jamaica https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Charles_Knowles,_1st_Baronet Gov. of Jamaica https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw05823 https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/explore/an-officer-and-a-gentleman-naval-uniform-and-male-fashion-in-the-eighteenth-century sword, 1750 https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/78785.html https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/14293.html https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/71222.html 1748 hat (not part of regulated uniform until 1795, though) https://www.rmg.co.uk/sites/default/files/import/4_captainjamescook.pdf 1820! https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/128354.html Uniforms introduced 1850s https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20101208175701/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/training-and-people/rn-life/uniforms-and-badges-of-rank/index.htm Typically hand sewn, rather than printed! https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/941.html Pirate Crews: Marcus Rediker, Villains of All Nations: Atlantic Pirates in the Golden Age (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 2004). Guy Chet, "Atlantic Frontier: Continued Piracy through the Long Eighteenth Century," The Ocean is a Wilderness: Atlantic Piracy and the Limits of State Authoirty, 1688-1856 (University of Massachusetts Press, 2014). fourth-rate c.1685 https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/141835.html first-rate 1794 https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/111624.html undated (Union Jack--later?) https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/152570.html Lady Washington https://historicalseaport.org/lady-washington-history/ https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2017/04/03/firearms-technology-and-the-original-meaning-of-the-second-amendment/ https://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/technique/gun-timeline/ Firing matchlock and flintlock muskets https://youtu.be/zpzIb3XjyyY (still need gunpowder in pan for flint to strike in later 18th c. weapons) http://www.jnht.com/site_spanish_town.php https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_of_Jamaica https://www.nmrn.org.uk/research/piracy Marcus Rediker, Villains of All Nations: Atlantic Pirates in the Golden Age (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 2004). Arne Bialuschewski, "Pirates, Black Sailors and Seafaring Slaves in the Anglo-American Maritime World, 1716-1726," The Journal of Caribbean History 45:2 (2011): 143-158. Rum: The Crafty Cask, Four Part Series on Rum: https://thecraftycask.com/spirits-liqueurs/history-rum/ "Rum," Encyclopedia Britannica, available at https://www.britannica.com/topic/rum-liquor F. Paul Pacult, "Mapping Rum by Region," available at https://web.archive.org/web/20131029204124/http://www.winemag.com/July-2002/PROOF-POSITIVE/ David Wondrich, "The Rum-Soaked History of Pirates and Sailors," The Daily Beast. Available at https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-rum-soaked-history-of-pirates-and-sailors Tortuga: Violet Barbour, "Privateers and Pirates of the West Indies," American Historical Review 16, 3 (1911) W. Frank Craven, "The Early of Warwick: Speculator in Piracy," The Hispanic American Historical Review, 10, 4 (1930) Erin Mackie, "Welcome the Outlaw: Maroons, Pirates, and Caribbean Countercultures," Cultural Critique 59 (2005) Carla Pestana, "Early English Jamaica Without Pirates," William and Mary Quarterly 71, 3 (2014) Colin Woodard, The Republic of Pirates (Mariner Books, 2007)  

Scalper. Voilà un terme qui ne laisse guère d'ambiguïté. On évoque souvent le scalp pour parler de la « sauvagerie » des « sauvages» comme on dit à l'époque. On présente les premières nations comme violentes et inhumaines et on se sert du scalp pour prouver la chose. Avec @horror humanum est Montage: Jean-François Blais Pour soutenir financièrement la chaîne, trois choix: 1. Cliquez sur le bouton « Adhérer » sous la vidéo. 2. Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hndl 3. UTip: https://utip.io/lhistoirenousledira Avec: Laurent Turcot, professeur en histoire à l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada Abonnez-vous à ma chaine: https://www.youtube.com/c/LHistoirenousledira Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/histoirenousledira Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/turcotlaurent Les vidéos sont utilisées à des fins éducatives selon l'article 107 du Copyright Act de 1976 sur le Fair-Use. Pour aller plus loin: Abler, Thomas S. « Scalping, torture, cannibalism and rape: An ethnohistorical analysis of conflicting cultural values in war ». Canadian Anthropology Society Anthropologica, Vol. 34, No. 1 (1992), pp. 3-20 https://www.jstor.org/stable/25605630 Axtell, James. « European and the Indian, The: Essays in the Ethnohistory of Colonial North America ». New York: Oxford University Press, 1982. *Axtell, James et Sturtevant, William C. « The unkindest cut or who invented scalping.» Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, The William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 37, No. 3 (Jul., 1980), pp. 451-472 Beaulieu, Alain et Gohier, Maxime. « Les autochtones et l'État ». Actes du colloque étudiant 2006, Chaire de recherche du Canada sur la question territoriale autochtone. Repéré à http://www.territoireautochtone.uqam.ca/Beaulieu_Publications/Accueil_files/Beaulieu_Gohier_2008.pdf Bird Grinnell, George. « Coup and Scalp among the Plains Indians ». American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 1910), pp. 296-310. Biraben, Jean-Noël. « Le peuplement du canada français ». Annales de démographie historique, 1966. pp. 105-138. https://doi.org/10.3406/adh.1967.927 Chaffray, Stéphanie. « Le corps amérindien dans les relations de voyage en nouvelle-France au XVIIIe siecle ». (Thèse de doctorat en cotutelle). Faculté des études supérieures de l'Université Laval, Québec. (2006) Repéré à https://corpus.ulaval.ca/jspui/bitstream/20.500.11794/18273/1/23781.pdf Jaenen, Cornelieus J. « Les relations Franco-Amérindiennes en Nouvelle-France et en Acadie ». Direction générale de la recherche Affaire indiennes et du Nord Canada. (1985). [Version Adobe Digital Editions]. Repéré à http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/aanc-inac/R5-367-1985-fra.pdf Knowles, Nathaniel. « The Torture of Captives by the Indians of Eastern North America ». Proceeding of the America Philosophical Society. Vol. 82, No. 2 (Mar. 22, 1940), pp. 151-225 Lozier, Jean-Francois. « Lever des chevelures en Nouvelle-France : la politique française du paiement des scalps ». Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française, 2003. 56 (4), 513–542. Perrot, Nicolas. « Mœurs, coutumes et religion des sauvages de l'Amérique septentrionale ». Édition critique par Pierre Berthiaume, Université d'Ottawa. Bibliothèque du Nouveau-monde. (2004). http://bibnum2.banq.qc.ca/bna/bnm/src/2569009.pdf Smith, Ralph A. « The Bounty Wars of the West and Mexico ». Great Plains Journal; Lawton, Okla. Vol.30, (Jan 1, 1991): 107. https://search.proquest.com/openview/5343607615bbb962d5f2c6da9230a1fd/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1816555 Starkey, Armstrong. « European and Native American Warfare 1675-1815 ». Routledge. London. (1998). #histoire #documentaire

Historian Jen Manion joins Tristan Taormino to discuss her new book Female Husbands: A Trans History. How did some people assigned female at birth began living their lives as men in the 18th and 19th Centuries? Manion did extensive research on primary source materials including marriage certificates, census records, court documents, local and national and newspapers. In their book, Manion introduces us to the lives of U.K. female husbands Charles Hamilton, Henry Fielding, James Howe, James Gray, Samuel Bunday, William Chandler, Robert Shurtliff, James Allen, and Henry Stoake. We learn about George Wilson, John Smith, Albert Guelph, Joseph Lobdell, Frank Dubois, Samuel Pollard, Leroy Williams, and John A. Whittman in the United States. What did class and wealth have to do with the ability to trans gender? What do we know about the women who married female husbands? What happened when female husbands were discovered to be assigned female at birth? What role did the institution of marriage, medicine, the legal system, and the media play in shaping their lives and the narratives about them? How did their communities make sense of them trans-ing gender? How did attitudes during this time take root and influence ideas about sex, gender, and sexual orientation that persisted? How does this book fit into the study of LGBTQIA+ histories? Jen Manion is Associate Professor of History at Amherst College. She is a social and cultural historian whose work examines the role of gender and sexuality in American life. Manion is author of Liberty’s Prisoners: Carceral Culture in Early America which received the inaugural Mary Kelley Best Book Prize from the Society for Historians of the Early American Republic. Their most recent book, Female Husbands: A Trans History was supported by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. Manion has published dozens of essays for popular and scholarly audiences and serves on the editorial boards of Amherst College Press, Early American Studies, and The William and Mary Quarterly. She is currently chair of the OAH Committee on the Status of LGBTQ Historians & Histories.

Long before people identified as transgender or lesbian, there were female husbands and the women who loved them. Female husbands - people assigned female who transed gender, lived as men, and married women - were true queer pioneers. Moving deftly from the colonial era to just before the First World War, Jen Manion uncovers the riveting and very personal stories of ordinary people who lived as men despite tremendous risk, danger, violence, and threat of punishment. Female Husbands weaves the story of their lives in relation to broader social, economic, and political developments in the United States and the United Kingdom, while also exploring how attitudes towards female husbands shifted in relation to transformations in gender politics and women's rights, ultimately leading to the demise of the category of 'female husband' in the early twentieth century. Groundbreaking and influential, Female Husbands offers a dynamic, varied, and complex history of the LGBTQ past. Jen Manion is Associate Professor of History at Amherst College. They are a social and cultural historian whose work examines the role of gender and sexuality in American life. Dr. Manion is author of Liberty’s Prisoners: Carceral Culture in Early America (Penn, 2015) which received the inaugural Mary Kelley Best Book Prize from the Society for Historians of the Early American Republic. Their most recent book, Female Husbands: A Trans History (Cambridge, 2020) was supported by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. Dr. Manion has published dozens of essays for popular and scholarly audiences and serves on the editorial boards of Amherst College Press, Early American Studies, and The William and Mary Quarterly. They are currently chair of the OAH Committee on the Status of LGBTQ Historians & Histories. Dr. Manion is working on a two-volume series, The Cambridge History of Sexuality in the United States with co-editor Nicholas Syrett. Previously, they worked for ten years at Connecticut College as a faculty member in the history department and founding director of the LGBTQ Resource Center. Dr. Manion was an Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Fellow at the Library Company in 2005. This chat originally aired at 7:00 p.m. Thursday, October 8, 2020.

This week, we get into the American Revolution with The Patriot! Join us for a discussion about South Carolina, free people of color during the Revolution, bundling, and the answer to the question "Just how revolutionary was the American Revolution, anyway?" Sources: Film Background: "The Patriot". IMDB. Available at https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0187393/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1 Gary Dretzka, "'The Patriot' Writer Always Combat Ready," Chicago Tribune. Available at https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2000-07-02-0007020278-story.html "Spike Lee Slams Patriot," The Guardian. Available at https://www.theguardian.com/film/2000/jul/06/news.spikelee Constance Grady, "Mel Gibson Set the Blueprint for a #MeToo Comeback. Expect Other Men to Follow It." Available at https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/7/24/17460392/mel-gibson-comeback-metoo-times-up Roger Ebert's Review of "The Patriot". Available at https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-patriot-2000 South Carolina in the Revolution: "The Patriot: More Flag-waving Rot with Mel Gibson," The Guardian, available at https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/jul/22/the-patriot-mel-gibson-reel-history https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-swamp-fox-157330429/ "[M]." In The South Carolina Encyclopedia Guide to the American Revolution in South Carolina, edited by Edgar Walter, 69-80. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 2012. Accessed July 6, 2020. doi:10.2307/j.ctv6wgc8r.17. Wendy Smith book review of Holger Hoock's book Scars of Independence https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/books/2017/05/18/dark-violence-and-atrocities-revolutionary-war/X4Kr4EzUUrNeVmnrNeSh2N/story.html Jane Kamensky, NY Times review: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/19/books/review/scars-of-independence-americas-violent-birth-holger-hoock.html Holger Hoock, "Mangled Bodies: Atrocity in the American Revolutionary War" "[T]." In The South Carolina Encyclopedia Guide to the American Revolution in South Carolina, edited by Edgar Walter, 112-14. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 2012. Accessed July 6, 2020. doi:10.2307/j.ctv6wgc8r.22. National Parks Bio, https://www.nps.gov/cowp/learn/historyculture/lieutenant-colonel-banastre-tarleton.htm Cherokee War: https://web.archive.org/web/20021012214056/http://www.ricehope.com/history/CherokeeWar1760.htm Daniel Morgan: https://www.nps.gov/cowp/learn/historyculture/daniel-morgan.htm Bundling: Yochi Fischer-Yinon, "The Original Bundlers: Boaz and Ruth, and Seventeenth-Century English Courtship Practices," Journal of Social History 35, 3 (Spring 2002) Ellen K. Rothman, "Sex and Self Control: Middle-Class Courtship in America, 1770-1870," Journal of Social History 15, 3 (Spring 1982) Richard Godbeer, "Courtship and Sexual Freedom in Eighteenth-Century America," OAH Magazine of History 18, 4 (July 2004) Samantha Pugsley, "I Waited Until My Wedding Night to Lose My Virginity and I Wish I Hadn't." Available at https://thoughtcatalog.com/samantha-pugsley/2014/08/i-waited-until-my-wedding-night-to-lose-my-virginity-and-i-wish-i-hadnt/ African Americans in the Revolution: Michael Lee Lanning, "African Americans in the Revolutionary War," available at https://media.lanecc.edu/users/escobarj/transfer/PDF_collection/African%20Americans%20in%20the%20Revolutionary%20War.pdf Elizabeth Brabec and Sharon Richardson, "A Clash of Cultures: The Landscape of the Sea Island Gullah" Landscape Journal 26, 2007 Philip D. Morgan (ed.), African American Life in the Georgia Lowcountry: The Atlantic World and the Gullah Geechee (University of Georgia Press, 2010) "[A]." In The South Carolina Encyclopedia Guide to the American Revolution in South Carolina, edited by Edgar Walter, 7-9. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 2012. Accessed July 6, 2020. doi:10.2307/j.ctv6wgc8r.5. Maroon Communities in South Carolina: A Documentary Record. United States: University of South Carolina Press, 2009. "Heads of Families in the First Census," available at https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1790/heads_of_families/south_carolina/1790k-02.pdf# Amy Catherine Green, Dance Dance Revolution: The Function of Dance in American Politics, 1763-1800. Available at https://scholarworks.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6015&context=etd Social Revolutions: Theda Skocpol, States and Social Revolutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979. Alfred Young, "American Historians Confront the 'Transforming Hand of Revolution'" in Whose Revolution Was It? Historians Interpret the Founding. New York: NYU Press, 2001. Robin Blackburn, "Haiti, Slavery, and the Age of Democratic Revolution," William and Mary Quarterly 63, 4 (Oct. 2006)

On today's show, we bring you the audio from our annual Martha Washington Lecture. This year's topic was Mary Ball Washington, George's mother, and the recent work by historians to rethink what we know about her life. Dr. Karin Wulf, executive director of the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, served as our guest moderator for this event. She was joined on the virtual stage by Martha Saxon, a  2020 George Washington Book Prize Finalist for her work, The Widow Washington: The Life of Mary Washington (2019); Craig Shirley, author of Mary Ball Washington: The Untold Story of George Washington's Mother (2019); and Charlene Boyer Lewis, author of Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte: An American Aristocrat in the Early Republic (2014). About Our Guests: Martha Saxton is Professor of History and Sexuality, Women's and Gender Studies, and Elizabeth W. Bruss Reader, Emerita at Amherst College. In addition to The Widow Washington, Saxton is the author of Being Good: Women's Moral Values in Early America (2003), among numerous other publications.  Craig Shirley is a veteran political advisor with a long career in service to the Republican Party. He is also the author of a number of works on American history, including December 1941: 31 Days That Changed America and Saved the World (2011), and Citizen Newt: The Making of a Reagan Conservative (2017). Charlene M. Boyer Lewis is a professor of history and the director of the American studies program at Kalamazoo College. She specializes in women's history, southern history, and American cultural and social history in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. She is the author of Ladies and Gentlemen on Display: Planter Society at the Virginia Springs, 1790–1860 (2001) and is at work on a biography of Peggy Shippen Arnold.  About Our Guest Moderator: Karin Wulf is the director of the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, which has been publishing the William and Mary Quarterly, the leading journal in early American scholarship, and books with the University of North Carolina Press, since 1943. She is also Professor of History at the College of William & Mary, and co-chair the College's Neurodiversity Working Group. Her scholarship focuses on women, gender and family in the early modern British Atlantic.

On today's show, we bring you the audio from our annual Martha Washington Lecture. This year's topic was Mary Ball Washington, George's mother, and the recent work by historians to rethink what we know about her life. Dr. Karin Wulf, executive director of the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, served as our guest moderator for this event. She was joined on the virtual stage by Martha Saxon, a 2020 George Washington Book Prize Finalist for her work, The Widow Washington: The Life of Mary Washington (2019); Craig Shirley, author of Mary Ball Washington: The Untold Story of George Washington’s Mother (2019); and Charlene Boyer Lewis, author of Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte: An American Aristocrat in the Early Republic (2014). About Our Guests: Martha Saxton is Professor of History and Sexuality, Women's and Gender Studies, and Elizabeth W. Bruss Reader, Emerita at Amherst College. In addition to The Widow Washington, Saxton is the author of Being Good: Women's Moral Values in Early America (2003), among numerous other publications. Craig Shirley is a veteran political advisor with a long career in service to the Republican Party. He is also the author of a number of works on American history, including December 1941: 31 Days That Changed America and Saved the World (2011), and Citizen Newt: The Making of a Reagan Conservative (2017). Charlene M. Boyer Lewis is a professor of history and the director of the American studies program at Kalamazoo College. She specializes in women's history, southern history, and American cultural and social history in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. She is the author of Ladies and Gentlemen on Display: Planter Society at the Virginia Springs, 1790–1860 (2001) and is at work on a biography of Peggy Shippen Arnold. About Our Guest Moderator: Karin Wulf is the director of the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, which has been publishing the William and Mary Quarterly, the leading journal in early American scholarship, and books with the University of North Carolina Press, since 1943. She is also Professor of History at the College of William & Mary, and co-chair the College’s Neurodiversity Working Group. Her scholarship focuses on women, gender and family in the early modern British Atlantic. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/mountvernon/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/mountvernon/support

This is a free episode. Become a paid subscriber for $5/month over at patreon.com/champagnesharks to also get access to the whole archive of subscriber-only episodes, the Discord voice and chat server for patrons, detailed show notes for certain episodes, and our newsletter. This episode is hosted by Kenny, Mario, and T. Today we have Thomas A. Foster is a historian of gender and sexuality in early America. His work engages with a wide variety of fields, subfields, and topics including, disability studies, LGBTQ studies, masculinity, slavery, women’s history, and public history and memory. Foster is Professor of History and Associate Dean at Howard University. Prior to that appointment, he was at DePaul University where he earned tenure and eventually promotion to full professor. Prior to the tenure-track, he held visiting assistant professorships at Rice University and the University of Miami. Foster is the author or editor of seven books, including author of Sex and the Founding Fathers: The American Quest for a Relatable Past which traced how popular understandings of the intimate lives of the Founders changed from the early Republic to the present to understand how sex, (mis)understood to be transhistorical, has been used to superficially bridge the historical chasm between Founders and each successive generation. Foster also edited two volumes on gender in early America: Women in Early America and New Men: Manliness in Early America, as well as a ground-breaking edited volume on LGBTQ history, Long Before Stonewall, and an edited collection of primary sources, Documenting Intimate Matters: Primary Sources for a History of Sexuality in America. He has published articles in The William and Mary Quarterly, Disability Studies Quarterly, the Journal of the History of Sexuality and essays in numerous anthologies, including Traces and Memories of Slavery in the Atlantic World (Routledge, 2019). His most recent book is Rethinking Rufus: Sexual Violations of Enslaved Men. Co-produced & edited by Aaron C. Schroeder / Pierced Ears Recording Co, Seattle WA (piercedearsmusic@gmail.com). Opening theme composed by T. Beaulieu. Closing theme composed by Dustfingaz (www.youtube.com/user/TheRazhu_)

What do historians do with their research once they finish writing about it? How do historians publish the books and articles we love to read? This episode of our Doing History: How Historians Work series, takes us behind-the-scenes of how historians publish their writing about history. Our guide through the world of history publications is Joshua Piker, a Professor of History at William & Mary, and the Editor of the William and Mary Quarterly, the leading journal of early American history and culture.

Early Americans like George Washington obsessed over genealogy. Much was at stake. One's place on the family tree could mean the difference between inheriting a plantation like Mount Vernon and its enslaved community, or working a patch of hardscrabble. Genealogy was very much a matter of custom, culture, and law, which explains in part why Washington composed a long-ignored document tracing his own lineage. It was as much a reflection of his family's past as it was a road map to his future power, wealth, and authority. On today's episode, Dr. Karin Wulf helps us understand the powerful force that genealogy played in early American life. Wulf is a Professor of History at the College of William & Mary where she is also the director of the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture (OI). A recent Washington Library research fellow, Wulf is writing a history of genealogy's essential role in British American society.  She also discusses the OI's leadership in the Georgian Papers Programme, and the OI's work to explore #vastearlyamerica.  About Our Guest: Karin Wulf is the director of the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, which has been publishing the William and Mary Quarterly, the leading journal in early American scholarship, and books with the University of North Carolina Press, since 1943. She is also Professor of History at the College of William & Mary, and co-chair the College's Neurodiversity Working Group. Her scholarship focuses on women, gender and family in the early modern British Atlantic. About Our Host: Jim Ambuske, Ph.D. leads the Center for Digital History at the Washington Library. A historian of the American Revolution, Scotland, and the British Atlantic World, Ambuske graduated from the University of Virginia in 2016. He is a former Farmer Postdoctoral Fellow in Digital Humanities at the University of Virginia Law Library. At UVA Law, Ambuske co-directed the 1828 Catalogue Project and the Scottish Court of Session Project.  He is currently at work on a book about emigration from Scotland in the era of the American Revolution as well as a chapter on Scottish loyalism during the American Revolution for a volume to be published by the University of Edinburgh Press.

Early Americans like George Washington obsessed over genealogy. Much was at stake. One's place on the family tree could mean the difference between inheriting a plantation like Mount Vernon and its enslaved community, or working a patch of hardscrabble. Genealogy was very much a matter of custom, culture, and law, which explains in part why Washington composed a long-ignored document tracing his own lineage. It was as much a reflection of his family's past as it was a road map to his future power, wealth, and authority. On today's episode, Dr. Karin Wulf helps us understand the powerful force that genealogy played in early American life. Wulf is a Professor of History at the College of William & Mary where she is also the director of the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture (OI). A recent Washington Library research fellow, Wulf is writing a history of genealogy's essential role in British American society. She also discusses the OI's leadership in the Georgian Papers Programme, and the OI's work to explore #vastearlyamerica. About Our Guest: Karin Wulf is the director of the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, which has been publishing the William and Mary Quarterly, the leading journal in early American scholarship, and books with the University of North Carolina Press, since 1943. She is also Professor of History at the College of William & Mary, and co-chair the College’s Neurodiversity Working Group. Her scholarship focuses on women, gender and family in the early modern British Atlantic. About Our Host: Jim Ambuske leads the Center for Digital History at the Washington Library. He received his Ph.D. in history from the University of Virginia in 2016 with a focus on Scotland and America in an Age of War and Revolution. He is a former Farmer Postdoctoral Fellow in Digital Humanities at the University of Virginia Law Library. At UVA, Ambuske co-directed the 1828 Catalogue Project and the Scottish Court of Session Project. He is the co-author with Randall Flaherty of "Reading Law in the Early Republic: Legal Education in the Age of Jefferson," in The Founding of Thomas Jefferson's University ed. by John A. Rogasta, Peter S. Onuf, and Andrew O'Shaughnessy (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2019). Ambuske is currently at work on a book entitled Emigration and Empire: America and Scotland in the Revolutionary Era, as well as a chapter on Scottish loyalism during the American Revolution for a volume to be published by the University of Edinburgh Press. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/mountvernon/message

Jake and Phil are joined by Thomas Chatterton Williams to discuss Albert Murray’s The Omni-Americans and Thomas’ new memoir, Self-Portrait in Black and White Manifesto: Albert Murray, The Omni-Americans https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/543160/the-omni-americans-by-albert-murray--with-a-foreword-by-henry-louis-gates-jr/ Art: Thomas Chatterton Williams, Self-Portrait in Black and White https://www.penguinrandomhouse.ca/books/617884/self-portrait-in-black-and-white-by-thomas-chatterton-williams/9780393608861 References: Stanley Crouch https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Crouch Ralph Ellison and Albert Murray, Trading Twelves https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/46140/trading-twelves-by-edited-by-albert-murray-and-john-f-callahan-preface-by-albert-murray-introduction-by-john-f-callahan/ Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man http://www.randomhousebooks.com/books/46131/ J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur, Letters from an American Farmer http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4666 James Baldwin, Everybody’s Protest Novel http://faculty.gordonstate.edu/lsanders-senu/Everybody's%20Protest%20Novel%20by%20James%20Baldwin.pdf Albert Murray, Stomping the Blues https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/stomping-the-blues Thomas Chatterton Williams, A Blues for Albert Murray https://www.thenation.com/article/blues-for-murray/ Reverend Eugene Rivers, On the Responsibility of Intellectuals in the Age of Crack http://bostonreview.net/reverend-eugene-rivers-on-the-responsiblity-of-intellectuals-in-the-age-of-crack Gordon Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/193550/the-radicalism-of-the-american-revolution-by-gordon-s-wood/ The William and Mary Quarterly, Forum: How Revolutionary Was the Revolution? A Discussion of Gordon S. Wood's The Radicalism of the American Revolution https://www.jstor.org/stable/i348499 Nikole Hannah-Jones, The 1619 Project, “Our democracy’s founding ideals were false when they were written. Black mericans have fought to make them true.” https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/08/14/magazine/black-history-american-democracy.html Simone de Beauvoir, The Ethics of Ambiguity https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/de-beauvoir/ambiguity/ Ralph Ellison, Shadow and Act https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/46135/shadow-and-act-by-ralph-ellison/ Coleman Hughes, The Case for Black Optimism https://quillette.com/2019/09/28/the-case-for-black-optimism/ Coleman Hughes, Kanye West and the Future of Black Conservatism https://quillette.com/2018/04/24/kanye-west-future-black-conservatism/ Zadie Smith, Fascinated to Presume: In Defense of Fiction https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2019/10/24/zadie-smith-in-defense-of-fiction/ The Glenn Show, Black American Culture and the Racial Wealth Gap with Glenn Loury and Coleman Hughes https://podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast/black-american-culture-racial-wealth-gap-glenn-loury/id505824976?i=1000444070055 The Fifth Column Podcast, On Anti-Racism with Glenn Loury, John McWhorter, Coleman Hughes, Thomas Chatterton Williams, and Kmele Foster http://wethefifth.com/episodes/121 Tobi Haslett, Irrational Man https://www.bookforum.com/print/2603/thomas-chatterton-williams-s-confused-argument-for-a-post-racial-society-23610 Ralph Ellison, “The Novel as a Function of American Democracy” https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/46137/the-collected-essays-of-ralph-ellison-by-ralph-ellison/ Zadie Smith, Getting In and Getting Out https://harpers.org/archive/2017/07/getting-in-and-out/ Corey D. Fields, Black Elephants in the Room https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520291904/black-elephants-in-the-room Ralph Ellison, “Brave Words for A Startling Occasion” https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/46137/the-collected-essays-of-ralph-ellison-by-ralph-ellison/

In our last episode, we showed that pre-Columbian ideas about human differences weren't consistent with what we think of today as race. In this episode we try to answer the question of how race got culturally constructed after Columbus. We talk to Professor Rob Schwaller of the Department of History at the University of Kansas who tells us how notions of difference in 16th century colonial Mexico led to legal decisions by the Spanish crown that resulted in a process of racialization of difference. He describes a complex and messy process between indigenous peoples, Africans, and Spanish that played an important role in the development of scientific ideas about race. Here are some resources for this topic: Schwaller, Robert C. Géneros de Gente in Early Colonial Mexico: Defining Racial Difference. University of Oklahoma Press, 2016. Rob’s web page at Kansas: https://history.ku.edu/robert-c-schwaller. Here’s the James Sweet article that Rob mentioned: Sweet, James H. "The Iberian roots of American racist thought." The William and Mary Quarterly 54, no. 1 (1997): 143-166. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2953315.

Joshua Piker, professor of History at the College of William and Mary, discusses his research focus on the relationship between the Creek Indians and British colonists in South Carolina and Georgia in the early 18th century. Piker is also editor of William and Mary Quarterly, a journal of early American history and culture.

In January 2017, Dr. Adrian Chastain Weimer, associate professor of history, published "Elizabeth Hooton and the Lived Politics of Toleration in Massachusetts Bay" in the prestigious William and Mary Quarterly. She quickly followed that professional achievement by earning two National Endowment for the Humanities grants that will enable her to spend the 2017-18 academic year doing research for an upcoming book entitled, “Godly Petitions: Puritanism and the Crisis of the Restoration in America.” We discuss these topics, while also taking a deep dive into her research and writing process, in this episode of the Providence College Podcast.