Podcast appearances and mentions of Martin Gardner

166 Fraudes Científicos, Feminismo, y Macaulay lucha contra el Leviathán De la mano del filósofo matemático Martin Gardner, del libro titulado “La ciencia. Lo bueno, lo malo y lo feo”, traigo una reflexión sobre los Grandes Fraudes de la Ciencia. Por último, de la obra “Una historia poco convencional de la filosofía occidental”, escrito por la filósofa eco-feminista Karen Warren, les propongo una conversación entre Thomas Hobbes y Catharine Macaulay. Cerramos con una canción del dominio público, debido a que nos gastamos todo el presupuesto en la reflexión musical, de parte de Frédéric Chopin, compuesta entre 1830 y 1832, titulada “Nocturnos Opus 9, número 2” Bibliografía: Gardner, Martin (1988) La ciencia. Lo bueno, lo malo y lo falso, Alianza. Warren, Karen (2009) An Unconventional History of Western Philosophy: Conversations Between Men and Women Philosophers [Una historia poco convencional de la filosofía occidental: conversaciones entre filósofos y filosóficas], Rowman & Littlefield. Música: Cortina de Fondo: Epistemólogo Ebrio (2024) Daydream Blues, Suno. Jingle de Introducción: Epistemólogo Ebrio (2024) Podcast del Epistemólogo Ebrio, Suno. Jingle de Reflexión: Epistemólogo Ebrio (2024) Reflexión Musical, Suno. Tema del Dominio Público: Czech National Symphony Orchestra (2024) Edvard Grieg. En el salón del rey de la montaña, Musopen Kickstarter Project. Tema de Cierre: Epistemólogo Ebrio (2024) Zamba del Epistemólogo Ebrio, Suno. Hip-Hop Feminista: ¿Qué pasó con mi igualdad? Objetividad Tomaste mi integridad, ¡Wow! Subjetividad ¿Viste cómo eras sólo una fantasía? Dices ser neutral y sólo eres otro policía. Con orgullo, la ciencia nos puso en nulo, Para la investigación las mujeres son un perogrullo, Puro barullo y chamullo, ¡malditos capullos! Toman el conocimiento como algo suyo y punto, Pero esto se hace en conjunto, y por eso les adjunto: La ciencia femenina no es un subconjunto, Hemos movido al mundo desde el primer segundo. Tu conocimiento no es más que otra conquista, Llamas “desinteresado” a tu maldito punto de vista, Este progreso imparcial te tiene como protagonista, Perdón que insista, pero aquí eres turista y esclavista, No hay que ser simplista, porque toda ciencia tiene su arista, La tuya peca de egoísta, dejaste a la mujer como cronista, Y quisiste ocupar con tu baile y cuerpo a toda la pista. ¿Qué pasó con mi igualdad? Objetividad Tomaste mi integridad, ¡Wow! Subjetividad ¿Viste cómo eras sólo una fantasía? Dices ser neutral y sólo eres otro policía. Puedes escucharlo desde la aplicación SPOTIFY: https://open.spotify.com/embed/show/1uobRUSrFJp52FZdcsCOQe?si=68RLeyXWQaW3FLQw8VNwGQ Puedes escucharlo directamente desde IVOOX: https://ar.ivoox.com/es/podcast-educacion-para-jovenes-epistemologia-audio_sq_f1638689_1.html Puedes escucharlo directamente desde YOUTUBE: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDaC646HXI5jCnkji4jBtMQ/featured?view_as=subscriber Puedes escucharlo directamente desde GOOGLE PODCAST: https://podcasts.google.com/?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaXZvb3guY29tL2VkdWNhY2lvbi1wYXJhLWpvdmVuZXMtZXBpc3RlbW9sb2dpYS1hdWRpb19mZ19mMTYzODY4OV9maWx0cm9fMS54bWw&ep=14 Puedes escucharlo directamente desde APPLEPODCAST: https://podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast/educaci%C3%B3n-para-j%C3%B3venes-epistemolog%C3%ADa-por-audio/id1448671719 Puedes escucharlo directamente desde CASTBOX: https://castbox.fm/channel/Epistem%C3%B3logo-Ebrio-id1929217?country=us Tenemos Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/epistemologoebrio Tenemos Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/epistemologoebrio/ Tenemos Mastodon: https://mast.lat/@paravano69 Tenemos Twitter: https://twitter.com/paravano69 ¡Siempre puedes compartirlo o a tu peor enemigo o a tu mejor amigo! SALUD Y BUENAS CIENCIAS #epistemología #filosofía #ciencia #podcast #epistemólogoebrio #reflexión #historiadelaciencia #pseudociencias

165 Para-Física, Estructuralismo, y Eloísa le escribe a San Abelardo De la mano del filósofo matemático Martin Gardner, del libro titulado “La ciencia. Lo bueno, lo malo y lo feo”, traigo una reflexión sobre la Parafísica. Luego, en donde hemos pagado los derechos de autor, les proponemos una reflexión musical sobre el Estructuralismo. Por último, de la obra “Una historia poco convencional de la filosofía occidental”, escrito por la filósofa eco-feminista Karen Warren, les propongo una conversación entre San Abelardo y Eloísa. Cerramos con una canción del dominio público, debido a que nos gastamos todo el presupuesto en la reflexión musical, de parte de Virginia Liston, compuesta en 1926, titulada “Voy a conseguirme un hombre, eso es todo”. Bibliografía: Gardner, Martin (1988) La ciencia. Lo bueno, lo malo y lo falso, Alianza. Warren, Karen (2009) An Unconventional History of Western Philosophy: Conversations Between Men and Women Philosophers [Una historia poco convencional de la filosofía occidental: conversaciones entre filósofos y filosóficas], Rowman & Littlefield. Música: Cortina de Fondo: Epistemólogo Ebrio (2024) Daydream Blues, Suno. Jingle de Introducción: Epistemólogo Ebrio (2024) Podcast del Epistemólogo Ebrio, Suno. Jingle de Reflexión: Epistemólogo Ebrio (2024) Reflexión Musical, Suno. Tema del Dominio Público: Czech National Symphony Orchestra (2024) Edvard Grieg. En el salón del rey de la montaña, Musopen Kickstarter Project. Tema de Cierre: Epistemólogo Ebrio (2024) Blues del Epistemólogo Ebrio, Suno. Tradicional Vanguardia Estructuralista: En la clara fuente de la experiencia, Se va ordenando nuestra mente. Su abstracción es tan bella, Que de todo esto aparece la ciencia. Hace mucho que el saber se ordenó. Una estructura sobre otra, quién lo imaginó. Hace mucho que el saber se estructuró. Un orden sobre otro, quién lo imaginó. Nuestras relaciones brotan, Los sentidos con el mundo se conectan, Las ideas entre sí colisionan, Y los deseos a los hechos se proyectan. Puedes escucharlo desde la aplicación SPOTIFY: https://open.spotify.com/embed/show/1uobRUSrFJp52FZdcsCOQe?si=68RLeyXWQaW3FLQw8VNwGQ Puedes escucharlo directamente desde IVOOX: https://ar.ivoox.com/es/podcast-educacion-para-jovenes-epistemologia-audio_sq_f1638689_1.html Puedes escucharlo directamente desde YOUTUBE: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDaC646HXI5jCnkji4jBtMQ/featured?view_as=subscriber Puedes escucharlo directamente desde GOOGLE PODCAST: https://podcasts.google.com/?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaXZvb3guY29tL2VkdWNhY2lvbi1wYXJhLWpvdmVuZXMtZXBpc3RlbW9sb2dpYS1hdWRpb19mZ19mMTYzODY4OV9maWx0cm9fMS54bWw&ep=14 Puedes escucharlo directamente desde APPLEPODCAST: https://podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast/educaci%C3%B3n-para-j%C3%B3venes-epistemolog%C3%ADa-por-audio/id1448671719 Puedes escucharlo directamente desde CASTBOX: https://castbox.fm/channel/Epistem%C3%B3logo-Ebrio-id1929217?country=us Tenemos Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/epistemologoebrio Tenemos Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/epistemologoebrio/ Tenemos Mastodon: https://mast.lat/@paravano69 Tenemos Twitter: https://twitter.com/paravano69 ¡Siempre puedes compartirlo o a tu peor enemigo o a tu mejor amigo! SALUD Y BUENAS CIENCIAS #epistemología #filosofía #ciencia #podcast #epistemólogoebrio #reflexión #historiadelaciencia #pseudociencias

164 Máquinas de Llul, Teoria Crítica, e Hildegarda visita a la Ciudada de Dios De la mano del filósofo matemático Martin Gardner, del libro titulado “La ciencia. Lo bueno, lo malo y lo feo”, traigo una reflexión sobre el Orígen de las Máquinas en Llul. Luego, en donde hemos pagado los derechos de autor, les proponemos una reflexión musical sobre la Teoría Crítica. Por último, de la obra “Una historia poco convencional de la filosofía occidental”, escrito por la filósofa eco-feminista Karen Warren, les propongo una conversación entre San Agustín y Santa Hildegarda. Cerramos con una canción del dominio público, debido a que nos gastamos todo el presupuesto en la reflexión musical, de parte de Camille Saint-Saëns, compuesta en 1874, titulada “Danza Macabra”. Bibliografía: Gardner, Martin (1988) La ciencia. Lo bueno, lo malo y lo falso, Alianza. Warren, Karen (2009) An Unconventional History of Western Philosophy: Conversations Between Men and Women Philosophers [Una historia poco convencional de la filosofía occidental: conversaciones entre filósofos y filosóficas], Rowman & Littlefield. Música: Cortina de Fondo: Epistemólogo Ebrio (2024) Daydream Blues, Suno. Jingle de Introducción: Epistemólogo Ebrio (2024) Podcast del Epistemólogo Ebrio, Suno. Jingle de Reflexión: Epistemólogo Ebrio (2024) Reflexión Musical, Suno. Tema del Dominio Público: Czech National Symphony Orchestra (2024) Edvard Grieg. En el salón del rey de la montaña, Musopen Kickstarter Project. Tema de Cierre: Epistemólogo Ebrio (2024) Blues del Epistemólogo Ebrio, Suno. Romanticismo Crítico: Me siento observado por un movimiento, De alguna manera viene hacía este sitio, Se desplaza pausadamente y lento, Pero nos provocará un terrible fratricidio. Canto para vencer la lejanía, Voy hacia las montañas y los valles, Escapo de esta melancolía, Que la industria puso en mis calles. Los jardínes están perdiendo sus colores, Todo se ha convertido en una extraña máquina. Nos convierte a cada uno en robots y peones, Embebiéndonos en una oscura pátina. Puedes escucharlo desde la aplicación SPOTIFY: https://open.spotify.com/embed/show/1uobRUSrFJp52FZdcsCOQe?si=68RLeyXWQaW3FLQw8VNwGQ Puedes escucharlo directamente desde IVOOX: https://ar.ivoox.com/es/podcast-educacion-para-jovenes-epistemologia-audio_sq_f1638689_1.html Puedes escucharlo directamente desde YOUTUBE: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDaC646HXI5jCnkji4jBtMQ/featured?view_as=subscriber Puedes escucharlo directamente desde GOOGLE PODCAST: https://podcasts.google.com/?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaXZvb3guY29tL2VkdWNhY2lvbi1wYXJhLWpvdmVuZXMtZXBpc3RlbW9sb2dpYS1hdWRpb19mZ19mMTYzODY4OV9maWx0cm9fMS54bWw&ep=14 Puedes escucharlo directamente desde APPLEPODCAST: https://podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast/educaci%C3%B3n-para-j%C3%B3venes-epistemolog%C3%ADa-por-audio/id1448671719 Puedes escucharlo directamente desde CASTBOX: https://castbox.fm/channel/Epistem%C3%B3logo-Ebrio-id1929217?country=us Tenemos Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/epistemologoebrio Tenemos Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/epistemologoebrio/ Tenemos Mastodon: https://mast.lat/@paravano69 Tenemos Twitter: https://twitter.com/paravano69 ¡Siempre puedes compartirlo o a tu peor enemigo o a tu mejor amigo! SALUD Y BUENAS CIENCIAS #epistemología #filosofía #ciencia #podcast #epistemólogoebrio #reflexión #historiadelaciencia #pseudociencias

163 Ciencia Soviética, Pragmatismo, y las Pitagóricas de la Virtud De la mano del filósofo matemático Martin Gardner, del libro titulado “La ciencia. Lo bueno, lo malo y lo feo”, traigo una reflexión sobre los Física Cuántica Soviética. Luego, en donde hemos pagado los derechos de autor, les proponemos una reflexión musical sobre el Pragmatismo. Por último, de la obra “Una historia poco convencional de la filosofía occidental”, escrito por la filósofa eco-feminista Karen Warren, les propongo una conversación entre Aristóteles y las pitagóricas Periktione y Theano. Cerramos con una canción del dominio público, debido a que nos gastamos todo el presupuesto en la reflexión musical, de parte de Clara Smith, compuesta alrededor de 1933, titulada “Blues del Palacio de Justicia”. Bibliografía: Gardner, Martin (1988) La ciencia. Lo bueno, lo malo y lo falso, Alianza. Warren, Karen (2009) An Unconventional History of Western Philosophy: Conversations Between Men and Women Philosophers [Una historia poco convencional de la filosofía occidental: conversaciones entre filósofos y filosóficas], Rowman & Littlefield. Música: Cortina de Fondo: Epistemólogo Ebrio (2024) Daydream Blues, Suno. Jingle de Introducción: Epistemólogo Ebrio (2024) Podcast del Epistemólogo Ebrio, Suno. Jingle de Reflexión: Epistemólogo Ebrio (2024) Reflexión Musical, Suno. Tema del Dominio Público: Czech National Symphony Orchestra (2024) Edvard Grieg. En el salón del rey de la montaña, Musopen Kickstarter Project. Tema de Cierre: Epistemólogo Ebrio (2024) Blues del Epistemólogo Ebrio, Suno. Jazz del Pragmatismo: Queremos salir de las sombras y la oscuridad, Necesitamos que los instrumentos nos llenen de aire. Nuestro espíritu tiene que salir de su desaire, Tenemos que volver a experimentar la realidad. Es hora de bailar, de cantar De correr, de barrer Es hora de saltar y de contar De querer, de aprender Es el momento de actuar. Es el momento de averiguar. Es el momento de triunfar Puedes escucharlo desde la aplicación SPOTIFY: https://open.spotify.com/embed/show/1uobRUSrFJp52FZdcsCOQe?si=68RLeyXWQaW3FLQw8VNwGQ Puedes escucharlo directamente desde IVOOX: https://ar.ivoox.com/es/podcast-educacion-para-jovenes-epistemologia-audio_sq_f1638689_1.html Puedes escucharlo directamente desde YOUTUBE: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDaC646HXI5jCnkji4jBtMQ/featured?view_as=subscriber Puedes escucharlo directamente desde GOOGLE PODCAST: https://podcasts.google.com/?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaXZvb3guY29tL2VkdWNhY2lvbi1wYXJhLWpvdmVuZXMtZXBpc3RlbW9sb2dpYS1hdWRpb19mZ19mMTYzODY4OV9maWx0cm9fMS54bWw&ep=14 Puedes escucharlo directamente desde APPLEPODCAST: https://podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast/educaci%C3%B3n-para-j%C3%B3venes-epistemolog%C3%ADa-por-audio/id1448671719 Puedes escucharlo directamente desde CASTBOX: https://castbox.fm/channel/Epistem%C3%B3logo-Ebrio-id1929217?country=us Tenemos Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/epistemologoebrio Tenemos Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/epistemologoebrio/ Tenemos Mastodon: https://mast.lat/@paravano69 Tenemos Twitter: https://twitter.com/paravano69 ¡Siempre puedes compartirlo o a tu peor enemigo o a tu mejor amigo! SALUD Y BUENAS CIENCIAS #epistemología #filosofía #ciencia #podcast #epistemólogoebrio #reflexión #historiadelaciencia #pseudociencias

162 Científicos Ermitaños, Neopositivismo y Diotima en la Caverna De la mano del filósofo matemático Martin Gardner, del libro titulado “La ciencia. Lo bueno, lo malo y lo feo”, traigo una reflexión sobre los Científicos Ermitaños. Luego, en donde hemos pagado los derechos de autor, les proponemos una reflexión musical sobre el Neopositivismo. Por último, de la obra “Una historia poco convencional de la filosofía occidental”, escrito por la filósofa eco-feminista Karen Warren, les propongo una conversación entre Platon y Diotima. Cerramos con una canción del dominio público, debido a que nos gastamos todo el presupuesto en la reflexión musical, de parte de Edvard Grieg, compuesta en 1875, titulada “En la gruta del rey de la montaña”. Bibliografía: Gardner, Martin (1988) La ciencia. Lo bueno, lo malo y lo falso, Alianza. Warren, Karen (2009) An Unconventional History of Western Philosophy: Conversations Between Men and Women Philosophers [Una historia poco convencional de la filosofía occidental: conversaciones entre filósofos y filosóficas], Rowman & Littlefield. Música: Cortina de Fondo: Epistemólogo Ebrio (2024) Daydream Blues, Suno. Jingle de Introducción: Epistemólogo Ebrio (2024) Podcast del Epistemólogo Ebrio, Suno. Jingle de Reflexión: Epistemólogo Ebrio (2024) Reflexión Musical, Suno. Tema del Dominio Público: Czech National Symphony Orchestra (2024) Edvard Grieg. En el salón del rey de la montaña, Musopen Kickstarter Project. Tema de Cierre: Epistemólogo Ebrio (2024) Blues del Epistemólogo Ebrio, Suno. Cabaret del Neopositivismo: En los barrios de Viena Donde las luces brillan más. Se ha creado toda una escena, Con una filosofía radical. En el centro se encuentra la ciencia, Y una filosofía inaugural. Baila y muévete con la lógica, El positivismo está desbocado. Toda la verdad ya se justifica, Con la experiencia y los resultados. En el círculo de risas y copas, Las mesas se alumbran con el neón. La tecnología de la vieja europa, Nos trajo un nuevo peón. Es una filosofía de compatriotas, Es la posición del campeón. Puedes escucharlo desde la aplicación SPOTIFY: https://open.spotify.com/embed/show/1uobRUSrFJp52FZdcsCOQe?si=68RLeyXWQaW3FLQw8VNwGQ Puedes escucharlo directamente desde IVOOX: https://ar.ivoox.com/es/podcast-educacion-para-jovenes-epistemologia-audio_sq_f1638689_1.html Puedes escucharlo directamente desde YOUTUBE: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDaC646HXI5jCnkji4jBtMQ/featured?view_as=subscriber Puedes escucharlo directamente desde GOOGLE PODCAST: https://podcasts.google.com/?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaXZvb3guY29tL2VkdWNhY2lvbi1wYXJhLWpvdmVuZXMtZXBpc3RlbW9sb2dpYS1hdWRpb19mZ19mMTYzODY4OV9maWx0cm9fMS54bWw&ep=14 Puedes escucharlo directamente desde APPLEPODCAST: https://podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast/educaci%C3%B3n-para-j%C3%B3venes-epistemolog%C3%ADa-por-audio/id1448671719 Puedes escucharlo directamente desde CASTBOX: https://castbox.fm/channel/Epistem%C3%B3logo-Ebrio-id1929217?country=us Tenemos Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/epistemologoebrio Tenemos Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/epistemologoebrio/ Tenemos Mastodon: https://mast.lat/@paravano69 Tenemos Twitter: https://twitter.com/paravano69 ¡Siempre puedes compartirlo o a tu peor enemigo o a tu mejor amigo! SALUD Y BUENAS CIENCIAS #epistemología #filosofía #ciencia #podcast #epistemólogoebrio #reflexión #historiadelaciencia #pseudociencias

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Lewis Carroll's book which first appeared in print in 1865 with illustrations by John Tenniel. It has since become one of the best known works in English, captivating readers who follow young Alice as she chases a white rabbit, pink eyed, in a waistcoat with pocket watch, down a rabbit hole that becomes a well and into wonderland. There she meets the Cheshire Cat, the Hatter, the March Hare, the Mock Turtle and more, all the while growing smaller and larger, finally outgrowing everyone at the trial of Who Stole the Tarts from the Queen of Hearts and exclaiming 'Who cares for you? You're nothing but a pack of cards!'WithFranziska Kohlt Leverhulme Research Fellow in the History of Science at the University of Leeds and the Inaugural Carrollian Fellow of the University of Southern CaliforniaKiera Vaclavik Professor of Children's Literature and Childhood Culture at Queen Mary, University of LondonAndRobert Douglas-Fairhurst Professor of English Literature at Magdalen College, University of OxfordProducer: Simon TillotsonReading list:Kate Bailey and Simon Sladen (eds), Alice: Curiouser and Curiouser (V&A Publishing, 2021)Gillian Beer, Alice in Space: The Sideways Victorian World of Lewis Carroll (University of Chicago Press, 2016)Will Brooker, Alice's Adventures: Lewis Carroll and Alice in Popular Culture (Continuum, 2004)Humphrey Carpenter, Secret Gardens: A Study of the Golden Age of Children's Literature (first published 1985; Faber and Faber, 2009)Lewis Carroll (introduced by Martin Gardner), The Annotated Alice: The Definitive Edition, (W. W. Norton & Company, 2000)Gavin Delahunty and Christoph Benjamin Schulz (eds), Alice in Wonderland Through the Visual Arts (Tate Publishing, 2011)Robert Douglas-Fairhurst, The Story of Alice: Lewis Carroll and the Secret History of Wonderland (Harvill Secker, 2015)Colleen Hill, Fairy Tale Fashion (Yale University Press, 2016)Franziska Kohlt, Alice through the Wonderglass: The Surprising Histories of a Children's Classic (Reaktion, forthcoming 2025) Franziska Kohlt and Justine Houyaux (eds.), Alice: Through the Looking-Glass: A Companion (Peter Lang, forthcoming 2024)Charlie Lovett, Lewis Carroll: Formed by Faith (University of Virginia Press, 2022)Elizabeth Sewell, The Field of Nonsense (first published 1952; Dalkey Archive Press, 2016)Kiera Vaclavik, 'Listening to the Alice books' (Journal of Victorian Culture, Volume 26, Issue 1, January 2021)Diane Waggoner, Lewis Carroll's Photography and Modern Childhood (Princeton University Press 2020)Edward Wakeling, The Man and his Circle (IB Tauris, 2014)Edward Wakeling, The Photographs of Lewis Carroll: A Catalogue Raisonné (University of Texas Press, 2015)

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss Lewis Carroll's book which first appeared in print in 1865 with illustrations by John Tenniel. It has since become one of the best known works in English, captivating readers who follow young Alice as she chases a white rabbit, pink eyed, in a waistcoat with pocket watch, down a rabbit hole that becomes a well and into wonderland. There she meets the Cheshire Cat, the Hatter, the March Hare, the Mock Turtle and more, all the while growing smaller and larger, finally outgrowing everyone at the trial of Who Stole the Tarts from the Queen of Hearts and exclaiming 'Who cares for you? You're nothing but a pack of cards!'WithFranziska Kohlt Leverhulme Research Fellow in the History of Science at the University of Leeds and the Inaugural Carrollian Fellow of the University of Southern CaliforniaKiera Vaclavik Professor of Children's Literature and Childhood Culture at Queen Mary, University of LondonAndRobert Douglas-Fairhurst Professor of English Literature at Magdalen College, University of OxfordProducer: Simon TillotsonReading list:Kate Bailey and Simon Sladen (eds), Alice: Curiouser and Curiouser (V&A Publishing, 2021)Gillian Beer, Alice in Space: The Sideways Victorian World of Lewis Carroll (University of Chicago Press, 2016)Will Brooker, Alice's Adventures: Lewis Carroll and Alice in Popular Culture (Continuum, 2004)Humphrey Carpenter, Secret Gardens: A Study of the Golden Age of Children's Literature (first published 1985; Faber and Faber, 2009)Lewis Carroll (introduced by Martin Gardner), The Annotated Alice: The Definitive Edition, (W. W. Norton & Company, 2000)Gavin Delahunty and Christoph Benjamin Schulz (eds), Alice in Wonderland Through the Visual Arts (Tate Publishing, 2011)Robert Douglas-Fairhurst, The Story of Alice: Lewis Carroll and the Secret History of Wonderland (Harvill Secker, 2015)Colleen Hill, Fairy Tale Fashion (Yale University Press, 2016)Franziska Kohlt, Alice through the Wonderglass: The Surprising Histories of a Children's Classic (Reaktion, forthcoming 2025) Franziska Kohlt and Justine Houyaux (eds.), Alice: Through the Looking-Glass: A Companion (Peter Lang, forthcoming 2024)Charlie Lovett, Lewis Carroll: Formed by Faith (University of Virginia Press, 2022)Elizabeth Sewell, The Field of Nonsense (first published 1952; Dalkey Archive Press, 2016)Kiera Vaclavik, 'Listening to the Alice books' (Journal of Victorian Culture, Volume 26, Issue 1, January 2021)Diane Waggoner, Lewis Carroll's Photography and Modern Childhood (Princeton University Press 2020)Edward Wakeling, The Man and his Circle (IB Tauris, 2014)Edward Wakeling, The Photographs of Lewis Carroll: A Catalogue Raisonné (University of Texas Press, 2015)

El 6 de octubre fue el Día del Cine Español y 27 de octubre se celebra el Día Mundial del Patrimonio Audiovisual, bajo el lema “Tu ventana al mundo”, una iniciativa de la UNESCO para rendir homenaje a los profesionales de la preservación audiovisual y a las instituciones que resguardan nuestro patrimonio para las generaciones futuras. Durante casi un siglo, los rollos de película se fabricaron a base de nitratos, acetatos y emulsiones, materiales muy vulnerables a los procesos físicos, químicos y biológicos que causan su deterioro. Hemos entrevistado a Marian del Egido, directora del Centro de Conservación y Restauración de Filmoteca Española. Jon Gurutz Arranz Izquierdo nos ha contado la excavación arqueológica de un galeón hundido a finales del s. XVI en la ría de Ribadeo (Lugo). La investigación revela la importancia del ganado y la cerámica en la vida de los tripulantes. Con testimonios de Marta Moreno García, del Instituto de Historia del Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales del CSIC. Damos la bienvenida a un nuevo miembro de la gran familia de “A Hombros de gigantes”. Humberto Bustince, uno de los mayores expertos en Inteligencia Artificial, nos hablará a partir de hoy de esta disciplina, de sus infinitas aplicaciones y también --como no-- de sus riesgos. Con José Antonio López Guerrero hemos analizado la importancia de la nanociencia y la nanotecnología en las investigaciones galardonadas este año por los premios Nobel de Medicina, Física y Química. Este sábado 21 de octubre, Martin Gardner habría cumplido 109 años, y Fernando Blasco ha rendido homenaje al famoso matemático, divulgador y filósofo de la ciencia estadounidense con uno de sus juegos de cartas. En nuestros destinos con ciencia, Esther García nos ha llevado de visita al Museo Arqueológico Nacional de Atenas, donde se encuentran los restos del Mecanismo de Anticitera, una compleja pieza de ingeniería astronómica que pudo ser empleada por los griegos para predecir las posiciones del Sol, la Luna y los planetas. Escuchar audio

El 6 de octubre fue el Día del Cine Español y 27 de octubre se celebra el Día Mundial del Patrimonio Audiovisual, bajo el lema “Tu ventana al mundo”, una iniciativa de la UNESCO para rendir homenaje a los profesionales de la preservación audiovisual y a las instituciones que resguardan nuestro patrimonio para las generaciones futuras. Durante casi un siglo, los rollos de película se fabricaron a base de nitratos, acetatos y emulsiones, materiales muy vulnerables a los procesos físicos, químicos y biológicos que causan su deterioro. Hemos entrevistado a Marian del Egido, directora del Centro de Conservación y Restauración de Filmoteca Española. Jon Gurutz Arranz Izquierdo nos ha contado la excavación arqueológica de un galeón hundido a finales del s. XVI en la ría de Ribadeo (Lugo). La investigación revela la importancia del ganado y la cerámica en la vida de los tripulantes. Con testimonios de Marta Moreno García, del Instituto de Historia del Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales del CSIC. Damos la bienvenida a un nuevo miembro de la gran familia de “A Hombros de gigantes”. Humberto Bustince, uno de los mayores expertos en Inteligencia Artificial, nos hablará a partir de hoy de esta disciplina, de sus infinitas aplicaciones y también --como no-- de sus riesgos. Con José Antonio López Guerrero hemos analizado la importancia de la nanociencia y la nanotecnología en las investigaciones galardonadas este año por los premios Nobel de Medicina, Física y Química. Este sábado 21 de octubre, Martin Gardner habría cumplido 109 años, y Fernando Blasco ha rendido homenaje al famoso matemático, divulgador y filósofo de la ciencia estadounidense con uno de sus juegos de cartas. En nuestros destinos con ciencia, Esther García nos ha llevado de visita al Museo Arqueológico Nacional de Atenas, donde se encuentran los restos del Mecanismo de Anticitera, una compleja pieza de ingeniería astronómica que pudo ser empleada por los griegos para predecir las posiciones del Sol, la Luna y los planetas. Escuchar audio

Here are my 100 interesting things to learn about cryptography: For a 128-bit encryption key, there are 340 billion billion billion billion possible keys. [Calc: 2**128/(1e9**4)] For a 256-bit encryption key, there are 115,792 billion billion billion billion billion billion billion billion possible keys. [Calc: 2**256/(1e9**8)] To crack a 128-bit encryption with brute force using a cracker running at 1 Teracracks/second, will take — on average — 5 million million million years to crack. Tera is 1,000 billion. [Calc: 2**128/100e9/2/60/60/24/365/(1e6**3)] For a 256-bit key this is 1,835 million million million million million million million million million years. For the brute force cracking of a 35-bit key symmetric key (such as AES), you only need to pay for the boiling of a teaspoon of energy. For a 50-bit key, you just need to have enough money to pay to boil the water for a shower. For a 90-bit symmetric key, you would need the energy to boil a sea, and for a 105-bit symmetric key, you need the energy to boil and ocean. For a 128-bit key, there just isn't enough water on the planet to boil for that. Ref: here. With symmetric key encryption, anything below 72 bits is relatively inexpensive to crack with brute force. One of the first symmetric key encryption methods was the LUCIFER cipher and was created by Horst Feistel at IBM. It was further developed into the DES encryption method. Many, at the time of the adoption of DES, felt that its 56-bit key was too small to be secure and that the NSA had a role in limiting them. With a block cipher, we only have to deal with a fixed size of blocks. DES and 3DES use a 64-bit (eight-byte) block size, and AES uses a 128-bit block size (16 bytes). With symmetric key methods, we either have block ciphers, such as DES, AES CBC and AES ECB, or stream ciphers, such as ChaCha20 and RC4. In order to enhance security, AES has a number of rounds where parts of the key are applied. With 128-bit AES we have 10 rounds, and 14 rounds for 256-bit AES. In AES, we use an S-box to scramble the bytes, and which is applied for each round. When decrypting, we have the inverse of the S-box used in the encrypting process. A salt/nonce or Initialisation Vector (IV) is used with an encryption key in order to change the ciphertext for the same given input. Stream ciphers are generally much faster than block cipers, and can generally be processed in parallel. With the Diffie-Hellman method. Bob creates x and shares g^x (mod p), and Alice creates y, and shares g^y (mod p). The shared key is g^{xy} (mod p). Ralph Merkle — the boy genius — submitted a patent on 5 Sept 1979 and which outlined the Merkle hash. This is used to create a block hash. Ralph Merkle's PhD supervisor was Martin Hellman (famous as the co-creator of the Diffie-Hellman method). Adi Shamir defines a secret share method, and which defines a mathematical equation with the sharing of (x,y), and where a constant value in the equation is the secret. With Shamir Secret Shares (SSS), for a quadratic equation of y=x²+5x+6, the secret is 6. We can share three points at x=1, x=2 and y=3, and which gives y=12, y=20, and y=20, respectively. With the points of (1,12), (2,20), and (3,20), we can recover the value of 6. Adi Shamir broke the Merkle-Hellman knapsack method at a live event at a rump session of a conference. With secret shares, with the highest polynomial power of n, we need n+1 points to come together to regenerate the secret. For example, y=2x+5 needs two points to come together, while y=x²+15x+4 needs three points. The first usable public key method was RSA — and created by Rivest, Shamir and Adleman. It was first published in 1979 and defined in the RSA patent entitled “Cryptographic Communications System and Method”. In public key encryption, we use the public key to encrypt data and the private key to decrypt it. In digital signing, we use the private key to sign a hash and create a digital signature, and then the associated public key to verify the signature. Len Adleman — the “A” in the RSA method — thought that the RSA paper would be one of the least significant papers he would ever publish. The RSA method came to Ron Rivest while he slept on a couch. Martin Gardner published information on the RSA method in his Scientific American article. Initially, there were 4,000 requests for the paper (which rose to 7,000), and it took until December 1977 for them to be posted. The security of RSA is based on the multiplication of two random prime numbers (p and q) to give a public modulus (N). The difficulty of RSA is the difficulty in factorizing this modulus. Once factorized, it is easy to decrypt a ciphertext that has been encrypted using the related modulus. In RSA, we have a public key of (e,N) and a private key of (d,N). e is the public exponent and d is the private exponent. The public exponent is normally set at 65,537. The binary value of 65,537 is 10000000000000001 — this number is efficient in producing ciphertext in RSA. In RSA, the ciphertext is computed from a message of M as C=M^e (mod N), and is decrypted with M=C^d (mod N). We compute the the private exponent (d) from the inverse of the public exponent (e) modulus PHI, and where PHI is (p-1)*(q-1). If we can determine p and q, we can compute PHI. Anything below a 738-bit public modulus is relatively inexpensive to crack for RSA. To crack 2K RSA at the current time, we would need the energy to boil ever ocean on the planet to break it. RSA requires padding is required for security. A popular method has been PCKS#1v1.5 — but this is not provably secure and is susceptible to Bleichenbacher's attack. An improved method is Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding (OAEP) and was defined by Bellare and Rogaway and standardized in PKCS#1 v2. The main entity contained in a digital certificate is the public key of a named entity. This is either an RSA or an Elliptic Curve key. A digital certificate is signed with the private key of a trusted entity — Trent. The public key of Trent is then used to prove the integrity and trust of the associated public key. For an elliptic curve of y²=x³+ax+b (mod p), not every (x,y) point is possible. The total number of points is defined as the order (n). ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) was invented by Neal Koblitz and Victor S. Miller in 1985. Elliptic curve cryptography algorithms did not take off until 2004. In ECC, the public key is a point on the elliptic curve. For secp256k1, we have a 256-bit private key and a 512-bit (x,y) point for the public key. A “04” in the public key is an uncompressed public key, and “02” and “03” are compressed versions with only the x-co-ordinate and whether the y coordinate is odd or even. Satoshi selected the secp256k1 curve for Bitcoin, and which gives the equivalent of 128-bit security. The secp256k1 curve uses the mapping of y²=x³ + 7 (mod p), and is known as a Short Weierstrass (“Vier-strass”) curve. The prime number used with secp256k1 is 2²⁵⁶-2³²-2⁹-2⁸-2⁷-2⁶-2⁴-1. An uncompressed secp256k1 public key has 512 bits and is an (x,y) point on the curve. The point starts with a “04”. A compressed secp256k1 public key only stores the x-co-ordinate value and whether the y coordinate is odd or even. It starts with a “02” if the y-co-ordinate is even; otherwise, it starts with a “03”. In computing the public key in ECC of a.G, we use the Montgomery multiplication method and which was created by Peter Montgomery in 1985, in a paper entitled, “Modular Multiplication without Trial Division.” Elliptic Curve methods use two basic operations: point address (P+Q) and point doubling (2.P). These can be combined to provide the scalar operation of a.G. In 1999, Don Johnson Alfred Menezes published a classic paper on “The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)”. It was based on the DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm) — created by David W. Kravitz in a patent which was assigned to the US. ECDSA is a digital signature method and requires a random nonce value (k), and which should never be reused or repeated. ECDSA is an elliptic curve conversion of the DSA signature method. Digital signatures are defined in FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standard) 186–5. NIST approved the Rijndael method (led by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen) for Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). Other contenders included Serpent (led by Ross Anderson), TwoFish (led by Bruce Schneier), MARS (led by IBM), and RC6 (led by Ron Rivest). ChaCha20 is a stream cipher that is based on Salsa20 and developed by Daniel J. Bernstein. MD5 has a 128-bit hash, SHA-1 has 160 bits and SHA-256 has 256-bits. It is relatively easy to create a hash collision with MD5. Google showed that it was possible to create a signature collision for a document with SHA-1. It is highly unlikely to get a hash collision for SHA-256. In 2015, NIST defined SHA-3 as a standard, and which was built on the Keccak hashing family — and which used a different method to SHA-2. The Keccak hash family uses a sponge function and was created by Guido Bertoni, Joan Daemen, Michaël Peeters, and Gilles Van Assche and standardized by NIST in August 2015 as SHA-3. Hash functions such as MD5, SHA-1 and SHA-256 have a fixed hash length, whereas an eXtendable-Output Function (XOF) produces a bit string that can be of any length. Examples are SHAKE128, SHAKE256, BLAKE2XB and BLAKE2XS. BLAKE 3 is the fastest cryptographically secure hashing method and was created by Jack O'Connor, Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Samuel Neves, and Zooko Wilcox-O'Hearn. Hashing methods can be slowed down with a number of rounds. These slower hashing methods include Bcrypt, PBKDF2 and scrypt. Argon 2 uses methods to try and break GPU cracking, such as using a given amount of memory and defining the CPU utlization. To speed up the operation of the SHA-3 hash, the team reduced the security of the method and reduce the number of rounds. The result is the 12 Kangaroo's hashing method. The number of rounds was reduced from 24 to 12 (with a security level of around 128 bits). Integrated Encryption Scheme (IES) is a hybrid encryption scheme which allows Alice to get Bob's public key and then generate an encryption key based on this public key, and she will use her private key to recover the symmetric. With ECIES, we use elliptic curve methods for the public key part. A MAC (Message Authentication Code) uses a symmetric key to sign a hash, and where Bob and Alice share the same secret key. The most popular method is HMAC (hash-based message authentication code). The AES block cipher can be converted into a stream cipher using modes such as GCM (Galois Counter Mode) and CCM (counter with cipher block chaining message authentication code; counter with CBC-MAC). A MAC is added to a symmetric key method in order to stop the ciphertext from being attacked by flipping bits. GCM does not have a MAC, and is thus susceptible to this attack. CCM is more secure, as it contains a MAC. With symmetric key encryption, we must remove the encryption keys in the reverse order they were applied. Commutative encryption overcomes this by allowing the keys to be removed in any order. It is estimated that Bitcoin miners consume 17.05 GW of electrical power per day and 149.46 TWh per year. A KDF (Key Derivation Function) is used to convert a passphrase or secret into an encryption key. The most popular methods are HKDF, PBKDF2 and Bcrypt. RSA, ECC and Discrete Log methods will all be cracked by quantum computers using Shor's algorithm Lattice methods represent bit values as polynomial values, such as 1001 is x³+1 as a polynomial. Taher Elgamal — the sole inventor of the ElGamal encryption method — and Paul Koche were the creators of SSL, and developed it for the Netscape browser. David Chaum is considered as a founder of electronic payments and, in 1983, created ECASH, along with publishing a paper on “Blind signatures for untraceable payments”. Satoshi Nakamoto worked with Hal Finney on the first versions of Bitcoin, and which were created for a Microsoft Windows environment. Blockchains can either be permissioned (requiring rights to access the blockchain) or permissionless (open to anyone to use). Bitcoin and Ethereum are the two most popular permissionless blockchains, and Hyperledger is the most popular permissioned ledger. In 1992, Eric Hughes, Timothy May, and John Gilmore set up the cypherpunk movement and defined, “We the Cypherpunks are dedicated to building anonymous systems. We are defending our privacy with cryptography, with anonymous mail forwarding systems, with digital signatures, and with electronic money.” In Bitcoin and Ethereum, a private key (x) is converted to a public key with x.G, and where G is the base point on the secp256k1 curve. Ethereum was first conceived in 2013 by Vitalik Buterin, Gavin Wood, Charles Hoskinson, Anthony Di Iorio and Joseph Lubin. It introduced smaller blocks, improved proof of work, and smart contracts. NI-ZKPs involves a prover (Peggy), a verifier (Victor) and a witness (Wendy) and were first defined by Manuel Blum, Paul Feldman, and Silvio Micali in their paper entitled “Non-interactive zero-knowledge and its applications”. Popular ZKP methods include ZK-SNARKs (Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge) and ZK-STARKs (Zero-Knowledge Scalable Transparent Argument of Knowledge). Bitcoin and Ethereum are pseudo-anonymised, and where the sender and recipient of a transaction, and its value, can be traced. Privacy coins enable anonymous transactions. These include Zcash and Monero. In 1992, David Chaum and Torben Pryds Pedersen published “Wallet databases with observers,” and outlined a method of shielding the details of a monetary transaction. In 1992, Adi Shamir (the “S” in RSA) published a paper on “How to share a secret” in the Communications of the ACM. This supported the splitting of a secret into a number of shares (n) and where a threshold value (t) could be defined for the minimum number of shares that need to be brought back together to reveal the secret. These are known as Shamir Secret Shares (SSS). In 1991, Torbin P Pedersen published a paper entitled “Non-interactive and information-theoretic secure verifiable secret sharing” — and which is now known as Pedersen Commitment. This is where we produce our commitment and then show the message that matches the commitment. Distributed Key Generation (DKG) methods allow a private key to be shared by a number of trusted nodes. These nodes can then sign for a part of the ECDSA signature by producing a partial signature with these shares of the key. Not all blockchains use ECDSA. The IOTA blockchain uses the EdDSA signature, and which uses Curve 25519. This is a more lightweight signature version and has better support for signature aggregation. It uses Twisted Edwards Curves. The core signing method used in EdDSA is based on the Schnorr signature scheme and which was created by Claus Schnorr in 1989. This was patented as a “Method for identifying subscribers and for generating and verifying electronic signatures in a data exchange system”. The patent ran out in 2008. Curve 25519 uses the prime number of 2²⁵⁵-19 and was created by Daniel J. Bernstein. Peter Shor defined that elliptic curve methods can be broken with quantum computers. To overcome the cracking of the ECDSA signature from quantum computers, NIST are standardising a number of methods. At present, this focuses on CRYSTALS-Dilithium, and which is a lattice cryptography method. Bulletproofs were created in 2017 by Stanford's Applied Cryptography Group (ACG). They define a zero-knowledge proof as where a value can be checked to see it lies within a given range. The name “bulletproofs” is defined as they are short, like a bullet, and with bulletproof security assumptions. Homomorphic encryption methods allow for the processing of encrypted values using arithmetic operations. A public key is used to encrypt the data, and which can then be processed using an arithmetic circuit on the encrypted data. The owner of the associated private key can then decrypt the result. Some traditional public key methods enable partial homomorphic encryption. RSA and ElGamal allow for multiplication and division, whilst Pailier allows for homomorphic addition and subtraction. Full homomorphic encryption (FHE) supports all of the arithmetic operations and includes Fan-Vercauteren (FV) and BFV (Brakerski/Fan-Vercauteren) for integer operations and HEAAN (Homomorphic Encryption for Arithmetic of Approximate Numbers) for floating point operations. Most of the Full Homomorphic encryption methods use lattice cryptography. Some blockchain applications use Barreto-Lynn-Scott (BLS) curves which are pairing-friendly. They can be used to implement Bilinear groups and which are a triplet of groups (G1, G2 and GT), so that we can implement a function e() such that e(g1^x,g2^y)=gT^{xy}. Pairing-based cryptography is used in ZKPs. The main BLS curves used are BLS12–381, BLS12–446, BLS12–455, BLS12–638 and BLS24–477. An accumulator can be used for zero-knowledge proof of knowledge, such as using a BLS curve to create to add and remove proof of knowledge. Metamask is one of the most widely used blockchain wallets and can integrate into many blockchains. Most wallets generate the seed from the operating system and where the browser can use the Crypto.getRandomValues function, and compatible with most browsers. With a Verifiable Delay Function (VDF), we can prove that a given amount of work has been done by a prover (Peggy). A verifier (Victor) can then send the prover a proof value and compute a result which verifies the work has been done, with the verifier not needing to do the work but can still prove the work has been done. A Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) is a one-way function which creates a unique signature pattern based on the inherent delays within the wires and transistors. This can be used to link a device to an NFT.

Related material Main page: https://billatnapier.medium.com/cryptography-fundamentals-8-rsa-rivest-shamir-and-adleman-445b91932bd0 RSA: https://asecuritysite.com/rsa  Introduction In August 1977, The Stranglers were in the music charts with “Something Better Change” and something really was changing, and it was something that would change the world forever. This was the month that Martin Gardner in his Scientific American column, posted a challenge of a method that has stood the test of time: RSA. It related to the work of R(ivest), A(dleman) and S(hamir) and was a puzzle on their discovery of a method which allowed two keys to be created, where one could encrypt and the other to decrypt. Their work had been based on a proposal from Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman on trapdoor functions that could be used to create the key pair. Mathematical Puzzles introducing RSA In order to explain the RSA concept, Martin's provided a background the Diffie-Hellman method for which he outlined: Then in 1975 a new kind of cipher was proposed that radically altered the situation by supplying a new definition of "unbreakable." a definition that comes from the branch of computer science known as complexity theory. These new ciphers are not absolutely unbreakable in the sense of the one-time pad. but in practice they are unbreakable in a much stronger sense than any cipher previously designed for widespread use. In principle these new ciphers can be broken. but only by computer programs that run for millions of years! Overall the Diffie-Hellman method has had a good run, but it has struggled in recent years to keep up with the processing power for computers, and the millions of years of running is not quite the case in the modern area, and where the original ciphers could now easily be broken with the simplest of computers within minutes. With the RSA method, Martin Gardner outlined: Their work supported by grants from the NSF and the Office of Naval Research. appears in On Digital Signatures and Public-Key Cryptosystems (Technical Memo 82. April. 1977) issued by the Laboratory for Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology 545 Technology Square. Cambridge Mass. 02139.The memorandum is free to anyone who writes Rivest at the above address enclosing a self-addressed. 9-by-12-inch clasp. On receipt the requesters eventually (it took over four months in many cases) received a precious piece of history (Figure ref{fig03}). RSA research paper It seems unbelievable these days, but the original methods were based on two 63-digit prime numbers that would be multiplied to create a 126-digit value: Contrast this with the difficulty of finding the two prime factors of a 125- or 126-digit number obtained by multiplying two 63-digit primes. If the best algorithm known and the fastest of today's computers were used, Rivest estimates that the running time required would be about 40 quadrillion years' A 256-bit number, at its maximum, generates 78-digits: 115,792,089,237,316,195,423,570,985,008,687,907,853,269,984,665, 640,564,039,457,584,007,913,129,639,936 Web: https://asecuritysite.com/encryption/keys3 The 40 quadrillion years has not quite happened, and where 512-bit keys are easily broken in Cloud. If you are interested, here is a 512-bit integer value and which has 148 digits, such as: 13,407,807,929,942,597,099,574,024,998,205,846,127,479,365,820,592,393,377,723,561,443,721,764,030,073,546,976,801,874,298,166,903,427,690,031,858,186,486,050,853,753,882,811,946,569,946,433,6 49,006,084,096 web: http://asecuritysite.com/encryption/random2 The search for prime numbers, too, has been progressive since 1977, and by 2014, the world discovered a 17,425,170-digit prime number. The finding of prime numbers make the finding of them in the RSA method must easier. So the RSA method has been under attack for years, from both discovering prime numbers and also in factorizing. Along with this computing power has increased massively. If think that 40 years that have passed, and take a quick assumption that computing power doubles every year then we get: 1977 4 Quadrillion Years (4,000,000,000,000,000)1978 2 Quadrillion Year1979 1 Quadrillion Year…2020 227 years2021 113 years2022 57 years2023 28 years and if we get a GPU card with 4,000 processors, we take it to less than a year, and we get of few of them today into a cluster, and we crack it within one day! The FREAK vulnerability was actually caused by the limiting of RSA keys, due to US Export controls, to 512-bits. The factorising of prime numbers too has generated methods which can quickly find the prime number factors  The Tension of Crypto and Academic Freedom Once Martin had published the article, the requests for the article came rushing in, especially as the paper had not yet appeared in the Communication of the ACM. Initially there were 4,000 requests for the paper (which rose to 7,000), and it took until December 1977 for them to be posted. Why did it take so long to get the paper published and also to send them out? Well the RSA method caused significant problems within the US defence agencies. This was highlighted in a letter sent from J.A.Meyer to the IEEE Information Theory Group on a viewpoint that cryptography could be violating the 1954 Munitions Control Act, the Arms Export Control Act, and the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), and could thus be viewed equivalent to nuclear weapons. In even went on to say that: Atomic weapons and cryptography are also covered by special secrecy laws The main focus of the letter was that any work related to cryptography would have to be cleared by the NSA before publication. In fact, the letter itself had been written by Joseph A Meyer, an employee of the NSA. Joseph had already been embroiled in controversy with a proposal to fit a tracking device to the 20 million US citizens who had been associated with crime. The tag would then be used to monitor the location of the “subscriber”, and to detect when they broke a curfew or committed a crime. In this modern era of GPS tracking of everyone's phones, Joseph's dream has actually become a reality, but now everyone is monitored. The RSA team thus had a major dilemma, as many of the requests for the paper come from outside the US. Martin Hellman, who was a co-author of the Diffie-Hellman method, had already had problems with ITAR, and even decided to present thep aper himself in 1977 at Cornell University rather than the practice of letting his PhD students present the work. His thinking was that the court case would be lengthy, and that it would damage his PhD student's studies (Ralph Merkle and Steve Pohlig), and so he stood up for academic freedoms. Initially the students wanted to present their work, but their families did not think it a good idea. Eventually though, Ralph and Steve stood beside Hellman on the stage to present the paper, but did not utter a word. With this stance the cryptographers held ground, and hoped that a stated exemption on published work within ITAR would see them through. The worry, though, did delay the paper being published, and for the posting of the article. In reply to Meyer's letter, the IEEE stood its ground on their publications being free of export licence controls, with the burden of permissions placed on the authors: RSA research paper and then additional response from the IEEE saying they put in place safeguards for the publishing of material. The scope of the impact of RSA was perhaps not quite known at the time with Len Adleman stating: I thought this would be the least important paper my name would ever appear on In fact, Adleman has said that he did not want his name on the paper, as he had done little work on it, but he did insist that his name went last. Often papers, too, have an alphabet order, and if so the method could have been known as the ARS method … not the kind of thing that you would want to say to audiences on a regular basis. RSA Within cryptography we typically use non-negative integer values, and perform integer operations. The challenge in public key encryption is to find a method which is computationally difficult for a computer to solve, if it does not know a given secret (normally the private key). One such problem is the difficulty in factorizing a value made up of the multiplication of two large prime numbers. In RSA, we take two large prime numbers — typically at least 512 bits long — and then multiply these together to create a modulus value, (N) (often at least 1,024 bits long). From this, we then derive a public exponent (e) and a modulus. The modulus N is thus determine by multiplying the two prime numbers (p and q): N = p x q The core challenge here is that it should be extremely difficult (and costly) to determine the two prime numbers which make up N. Next we select the value of our encryption key value for the public key (e). This is selected so that N and e do not share any factors: gcd(e,PHI)=1, and where  PHI = (p-1)(q-1) This is known as Euler's totient function. The most typical value we use for e is 65,537 (0x10001). To produce a cipher (C), we convert our message into the form of an integer (M) and then use e and N to give: C = M^e mod N To decrypt this, we take the cipher (C), and recover the message value using the decryption exponent (d) and the modulus (N): M = C^d mod N To make RSA work, we then need to calculate the private exponent (d) to obey: (d x e) mod{PHI} = 1 and where phi is: PHI = (p-1)(q-1) We determine d by determining the inverse of e modulus phi: d = e^{-1} pmod {phi} So let's take p=11 and q=7, and pick e of 3. N will be: N=p.q = 77   PHI is 6x10=60 We can't pick e of 3 or 5, so we will pick e=7. Now we compute the decryption exponent of d = e^{-1} mod (PHI) >>> pow(7,-1,60) 43 If we select a message of 19, we get a cipher of: C=19⁷ (mod 77) = 68 Now to decrypt: M= 68⁴³ (mod 77) = 19 Our public key is then (e,N) and the private key is (d,N). The usage of the (mod N) operation is the magic that makes this work. Unfortunately, the RSA method has suffered from performance issues as we have increased the size of the prime numbers used. Thus, if researchers can crack a modulus of 1,024 bits, they will factorize the two 512-bit prime numbers used. At the current time, a public modulus of 2,048 bits is recommended. So while a modulus of this size is acceptable within a powerful computer, devices which have limited CPU resources often struggle in creating the keys, and in the encryption and decryption process. RSA Signatures With the mathematical operations involved, RSA is hardly ever used for core encryption, as symmetric key methods are much more efficient in their implementation. But it is fairly efficient when dealing with relatively small data sizes, such as for a symmetric key (typically only 128 bits or 256 bits long). For this, Alice might protect a symmetric key with her public key, and whenever she needs to use it, she will decrypt it with her private key. Another area where we use RSA is to take a hash of a message, and then encrypt this with the private key. As the hash is relatively small (such as 128 bits, 160 bits or 256-bits), it is relatively efficient on the use of the computing resources. Where public key encryption methods come in most use is within creating digital signatures, and where Bob can take a hash of a message, and then encrypt this hash with his private key. Alice can then also take a hash of the received message, and decrypt Bob's encrypted hash with his public key, and compare the values produced. If they match, she determines that it was Bob who sent the message and that it has not been changed by anyone.  In Figure ref{fig_trust03} we see that Bob has a key pair (a public key and a private key). He takes a hash of the message and encrypts with his private key, and then appends this to the message. This and then message will be encrypted by the symmetric key that Bob and Alice share (typically this is either a long-term shared key, or has just been negotiated through a hand-shake). When she receives the ciphered message, she decrypts it with the shared symmetric key, and then takes her own hash of the message. She also decrypts the encrypted hash using Bob's public key, and then compares the hashes. As the public key and the private key work together, only the signing by Bob's private key will reveal the hash with his public key. Alice can then tell that the message has not been changed — as the hash would change if Eve has modified it — and that it was produced by Bob (and not by Eve pretending to be Bob). Obviously, we now have a problem in how we get Bob's public key. An important element here, is that they have to find a way for Bob to send Alice her public key in a trusted way, so that Eve cannot intercept it, and change the keys. For this, we introduce Trent, and who is trusted by Bob and Alice to prove their keys. For this Trent signs the public key of Bob with his private key, and then Alice uses Trent's public key to prove Bob's public key. For a few decades, RSA has been the main method in supporting public key encryption. We often use it when we connect to a secure Web site, and where the RSA method is used to prove the identity of the Web site. In this case the RSA public key of the site is presented to the user in the form of a digital certificate — and which is signed by a trusted source. The Web site can then prove its identity by signing a hash of the data with its private key, and the client can check this. A typical size of the public modulus is now 2,048 bits (created by two 1,024 bit prime numbers), and with some sites supporting 4,096 bits. So while desktop computers have the processing power to cope with these large numbers, less able devices (such as for low processing powered IoT — Internet of Things — devices) will often struggle to perform the necessary calculations. Simple example So let's take a simple implementation of RSA key generation, encryption and decryption. In this case the code is: Web: https://asecuritysite.com/encryption/rsa12 In this case, we generate two random prime numbers ($p$ and $q$) for a given number of bits. The more bits we use, the more secure the method is likely to be, as an increase in the number of bits increases the number of prime numbers that can be searched for. Once we have these, we then determine the public modulus ($N$) by multiplying the prime numbers together. The difficulty of the problem is then factorizing this modulus back into the prime numbers. If we have the public modulus, it is fairly simple to then find the decryption exponent value. In most modern examples of RSA, we select a public exponent value ($e$) of 65,537, and so our encryption key becomes $(65,537,N)$. The decryption exponent ($d$) is then the inverse of $e pmod {phi}$ (and where $phi=(p-1)(q-1)$). from Crypto.Util.number import *from Crypto import Randomimport Cryptoimport libnumimport sysbits=60msg="Hello"p = Crypto.Util.number.getPrime(bits, randfunc=Crypto.Random.get_random_bytes)q = Crypto.Util.number.getPrime(bits, randfunc=Crypto.Random.get_random_bytes)n = p*qPHI=(p-1)*(q-1)e=65537d=libnum.invmod(e,PHI)## d=(gmpy2.invert(e, PHI))m= bytes_to_long(msg.encode('utf-8'))c=pow(m,e, n)res=pow(c,d ,n)print ("Message=%snp=%snq=%snnd=%dne=%dnN=%snnPrivate key (d,n)nPublic key (e,n)nncipher=%sndecipher=%s" % (msg,p,q,d,e,n,c,(long_to_bytes(res))))end{lstlisting} A test run using 60-bit prime numbers is: Message=hellop=242648958288128614541925147518101769011q=299356840913214192252590475232148200447N=72638625604016464006874651287120524699932001616388639276131104258310920947917cipher=5847803746095553957863305890801268831081138920772806292673259864173015661385decipher=hello Conclusions RSA has been around for over 46 years, and is still going strong. It can encrypt and it can sign. While the prime numbers involved has got larger, and it needs to have padding applied, it is still one of the best public key methods around, and well used on the Web.  

In 1985, David Martin, started a small architecture firm in Uptown Marion known as Martin Design Consultants. Dave and his team provided design services for a significant number of retail, religious, residential, and commercial structures throughout the United States. In 2006, David's son Kyle Martin joined the company as an Intern Architect and in 2010 the company acquired Gardner Architecture and officially changed its name to what it is today. Upon Dave's retirement in August of 2017 the company welcomed Kyle as the new President and Principal Architect of Martin Gardner Architecture, a position he continues to hold today. Still located in Uptown Marion, Martin Gardner Architecture is a 12-employee architectural firm with a second office location in Oelwein. True to its humble beginnings, the company continues to handle a wide variety of architectural projects for individuals, businesses, local governments, and institutions in the Cedar Rapids, Marion, Iowa City, Waterloo, and Dubuque metro-regions and throughout Northeastern Iowa.We welcome President Kyle Martin to the podcast as we listen to his recent presentation at Marion Economic Development called, The Story of Martin Gardner Architecture.

Alice's Adventures Underground by Lewis Carroll audiobook. This is the handwritten book that Carroll wrote for private use before being urged to develop it later into Alice in Wonderland. It was generously illustrated by Carrol and meant to entertain his family and friends. When a sick child in a hospital enjoyed it so much, the mother wrote him saying it had distracted her for a bit from her pain and led eventually to Carroll expanding the story. The Reverend Charles Lutwidge Dodgson and the Reverend Robinson Duckworth rowed in a boat, on 4 July 1862, up the Isis with the three young daughters of Henry Liddell, (the Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University and Dean of Christ Church) : Lorina Charlotte Liddell (aged 13, born 1849); Alice Pleasance Liddell (aged 10, born 1852); Edith Mary Liddell (aged 8, born 1853). The journey began at Folly Bridge near Oxford and ended five miles away in the village of Godstow. During the trip the Reverend Dodgson told the girls a story that featured a bored little girl named Alice who goes looking for an adventure. The girls loved it, and Alice Liddell asked Dodgson to write it down for her. He began writing the manuscript of the story the next day, although that earliest version no longer exists. The girls and Dodgson took another boat trip a month later when he elaborated the plot to the story of Alice, and in November he began working on the manuscript in earnest. To add the finishing touches he researched natural history for the animals presented in the book, and then had the book examined by other children—particularly the MacDonald children. He added his own illustrations but approached John Tenniel to illustrate the book for publication, telling him that the story had been well liked by children. On 26 November 1864 he gave Alice the handwritten manuscript of Alice's Adventures Under Ground, with illustrations by Dodgson himself, dedicating it as "A Christmas Gift to a Dear Child in Memory of a Summer's Day". Some, including Martin Gardner, speculate there was an earlier version that was destroyed later by Dodgson when he printed a more elaborate copy by hand.

Heaven or Havona exists at the center of a collection of super universes within one of which our universe and our planet are found. So says the Urantia Book, channeled by an anonymous source and compiled by a committee calling itself the Forum. At its heart, the book is a reinterpretation of Christianity through a space age lens with creator gods incarnating on various planets throughout the universes they construct. According to Urantian doctrine, Jesus of Nazareth was the seventh bestowal or incarnation of our creator, Christ Michael. He offered humanity the fourth of five revelations with the Urantia Book being the final epochal revelation. Resources for today's episode include Martin Gardner's Urantia: the Great Cult Mystery.

Poet, novelist, translator, journalist, crime fiction writer, children's book author, teacher, math tutor: now here is a man who contains multitudes. Jerry Pinto joins Amit Varma in episode 314 of The Seen and the Unseen to talk about his life and learnings. (FOR FULL LINKED SHOW NOTES, GO TO SEENUNSEEN.IN.) Also check out: 1. Jerry Pinto on Instagram, Amazon and his own website. 2. Em and the Big Hoom -- Jerry Pinto. 3. The Education of Yuri -- Jerry Pinto. 4. Murder in Mahim -- Jerry Pinto. 5. A Book of Light -- Edited by Jerry Pinto. 6. Baluta -- Daya Pawar (translated by Jerry Pinto). 7. I Have Not Seen Mandu -- Swadesh Deepak (translated by Jerry Pinto). 8. Cobalt Blue -- Sachin Kundalkar (translated by Jerry Pinto). 9. The Life and Times of Shanta Gokhale -- Episode 311 of The Seen and the Unseen. 10. ‘Sometimes I feel I have to be completely invisible as a poet' -- Jerry Pinto's interview of Adil Jussawalla. 11. A Godless Congregation — Amit Varma. 12. The Rooted Cosmopolitanism of Sugata Srinivasaraju — Episode 277 of The Seen and the Unseen. 13. The Big Questions — Steven E Landsburg. 14. Unlikely is Inevitable — Amit Varma. 15. The Law of Truly Large Numbers. 16. The Gentle Wisdom of Pratap Bhanu Mehta — Episode 300 of The Seen and the Unseen. 17. Young India — Episode 83 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Snigdha Poonam). 18. Dreamers — Snigdha Poonam. 19. The Loneliness of the Indian Man — Episode 303 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Nikhil Taneja). 20. The History Boys -- Alan Bennett. 21. The Connell Guide to How to Write Well -- Tim de Lisle. 22. Thinking Better: The Art of the Shortcut -- Marcus Du Sautoy. 23. Dead Poet's Society -- Peter Weir. 24. A Mathematician's Apology -- GH Hardy. 25. The Man Who Knew Infinity -- Robert Kanigel. 26. David Berlinski and Martin Gardner on Amazon, and Mukul Sharma on Wikipedia.. 27. Range Rover -- The archives of Amit Varma's column on poker for The Economic Times. 28. Luck is All Around -- Amit Varma. 29. Stoicism on Wikipedia, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy and Britannica. 30. House of the Dead —  Fyodor Dostoevsky. 31. Black Beauty -- Anna Sewell. 32. Lady Chatterley's Lover -- DH Lawrence. 33. Mr Norris Changes Trains -- Chistopher Isherwood. 34. Sigrid Undset on Amazon and Wikipedia. 35. Some Prefer Nettles -- Junichiro Tanizaki. 36. Things Fall Apart — Chinua Achebe. 37. Jane Austen and Thomas Hardy on Amazon. 38. Orientalism -- Edward Said. 39. Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Kurt Vonnegut on Amazon. 40. Johnny Got His Gun -- Dalton Trumbo. 41. Selected Poems -- Kamala Das. 42. Collected Poems -- Kamala Das. 43. In Which Annie Gives It Those Ones — Pradip Krishen. 44. Dance Dance For the Halva Waala — Episode 294 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Jai Arjun Singh and Subrat Mohanty). 45. Tosca -- Giacomo Puccini. 46. Civilisation by Kenneth Clark on YouTube and Wikipedia. 47. Archives of The World This Week. 48. Dardi Rab Rab Kardi -- Daler Mehndi. 49. Is Old Music Killing New Music? — Ted Gioia. 50. Mother India (Mehboob Khan) and Mughal-E-Azam (K Asif). 51. A Meditation on Form — Amit Varma. 52. Sara Rai Inhales Literature — Episode 255 of The Seen and the Unseen. 53. Collected Poems — Mark Strand. 54. Forgive Me, Mother -- Eunice de Souza. 55. Porphyria's Lover -- Robert Browning. 56. Island -- Nissim Ezekiel. 57. Paper Menagerie — Ken Liu. 58. Jhumpa Lahiri on Writing, Translation, and Crossing Between Cultures — Episode 17 of Conversations With Tyler. 59. The Notebook Trilogy — Agota Kristof. 60. Amitava Kumar Finds the Breath of Life — Episode 265 of The Seen and the Unseen. 61. The Blue Book: A Writer's Journal — Amitava Kumar. 62. Nissim Ezekiel on Amazon, Wikipedia and All Poetry. 63. Adil Jussawalla on Amazon, Wikipedia and Poetry International. 64. Eunice de Souza on Amazon, Wikipedia and Poetry International. 65. Dom Moraes on Amazon, Wikipedia and Poem Hunter. 66. WH Auden and Stephen Spender on Amazon. 67. Pilloo Pochkhanawala on Wikipedia and JNAF. 68. Arvind Krishna Mehrotra on Amazon, Wikipedia and Poetry Foundation. 69. Amar Akbar Anthony -- Manmohan Desai. 67. Ranjit Hoskote on Amazon, Instagram, Twitter, Wikipedia and Poetry International. 71. Arundhathi Subramaniam on Amazon, Instagram, Wikipedia, Poetry International and her own website. 72. The Red Wheelbarrow -- William Carlos Williams. 73. Mary Oliver's analysis of The Red Wheelbarrow. 74. A Poetry Handbook — Mary Oliver. 75. The War Against Cliche -- Martin Amis. 76. Seamus Heaney on Amazon, Wikipedia and Poetry Foundation. 77. The world behind 'Em and the Big Hoom' -- Jerry Pinto interviewed by Swetha Amit. 78. Jerry Pinto interviewed for the New York Times by Max Bearak. 79. Salman Rushdie, Amitav Ghosh and GV Desani on Amazon. 80. Episodes of The Seen and the Unseen on the creator ecosystem with Roshan Abbas, Varun Duggirala, Neelesh Misra, Snehal Pradhan, Chuck Gopal, Nishant Jain, Deepak Shenoy and Abhijit Bhaduri. 81. Graham Greene, W Somerset Maugham and Aldous Huxley on Amazon. 82. Surviving Men -- Shobhaa De. 83. Surviving Men -- Jerry Pinto. 84. The Essays of GK Chesterton. 85. The Life and Times of Nilanjana Roy — Episode 284 of The Seen and the Unseen. 86. City Improbable: Writings on Delhi -- Edited by Khushwant Singh. 87. Bombay, Meri Jaan -- Edited by Jerry Pinto and Naresh Fernandes. 88. The Life and Times of Urvashi Butalia — Episode 287 of The Seen and the Unseen. 89. Films, Feminism, Paromita — Episode 155 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Paromita Vohra). 90. Wanting -- Luke Burgis. 91. Kalpish Ratna and Sjowall & Wahloo on Amazon. 92. Memories and Things — Episode 195 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Aanchal Malhotra). 93. Ashad ka Ek Din -- Mohan Rakesh. 94. Anna Karenina -- Leo Tolstoy (translated by Constance Garnett). 95. Gordon Lish: ‘Had I not revised Carver, would he be paid the attention given him? Baloney!' -- Christian Lorentzen.. 96. Sooraj Barjatya and Yash Chopra. 97. The Life and Times of Mrinal Pande — Episode 263 of The Seen and the Unseen. 98. Don't think too much of yourself. You're an accident — Amit Varma. 99. Phineas Gage. 100. Georges Simenon on Amazon and Wikipedia.. 101. The Interpreter -- Amit Varma on Michael Gazzaniga's iconic neuroscience experiment. 102. The Life and Times of Abhinandan Sekhri — Episode 254 of The Seen and the Unseen.. 103. Madame Bovary -- Gustave Flaubert. 104. Self-Portrait — AK Ramanujan. 105. Ivan Turgenev, Ryu Murakami and Patricia Highsmith on Amazon. 106. A Clockwork Orange -- Anthony Burgess. 107. On Exactitude in Science — Jorge Luis Borges. 110. Playwright at the Centre: Marathi Drama from 1843 to the Present — Shanta Gokhale. 111. Kubla Khan -- Samuel Taylor Coleridge. 112. Girish Shahane, Naresh Fernandes, Suketu Mehta, David Godwin and Kiran Desai. 113. The Count of Monte Cristo -- Alexandre Dumas. 114. Pedro Almodóvar and Yasujirō Ozu. 115. The Art of Translation — Episode 168 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Arunava Sinha). 116. The Lives of the Poets -- Samuel Johnson. 117. Lives of the Women -- Various authors, edited by Jerry Pinto. 118. Lessons from an Ankhon Dekhi Prime Minister — Amit Varma. 119. On Bullshit — Harry Frankfurt. 120. The Facts Do Not Matter — Amit Varma. 121. Beware of the Useful Idiots — Amit Varma. 122. Modi's Lost Opportunity — Episode 119 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Salman Soz). 123. Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala. 124. The Importance of Data Journalism — Episode 196 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Rukmini S). 125. Rukmini Sees India's Multitudes — Episode 261 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Rukmini S). 126. Pramit Bhattacharya Believes in Just One Ism — Episode 256 of The Seen and the Unseen. 127. Listen, The Internet Has SPACE -- Amit Varma.. 128. Fixing Indian Education — Episode 185 of The Seen and the Unseen (w Karthik Muralidharan). 129. The Reflections of Samarth Bansal — Episode 299 of The Seen and the Unseen. 130. The Saturdays -- Elizabeth Enwright. 131. Summer of My German Soldier -- Bette Greene. 132. I am David -- Anne Holm. 133. Tove Jannson and Beatrix Potter on Amazon. 134. The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings -- JRR Tolkien. 135. Darkness Visible: A Memoir of Madness -- William Styron. 136. An Unquiet Mind: A Memoir of Moods and Madness -- Kay Redfield Jamison. 137. Searching for Swadesh -- Nirupama Dutt.. 138. Parsai Rachanawali -- Harishankar Parsai. 139. Not Dark Yet (official) (newly released outtake) -- Bob Dylan.. 140. How This Nobel Has Redefined Literature -- Amit Varma on Dylan winning the Nobel Prize.. 141. The New World Upon Us — Amit Varma. 142. PG Wodehouse on Amazon and Wikipedia. 143. I Heard the Owl Call My Name -- Margaret Craven. 144. 84, Charing Cross Road -- Helen Hanff. 145. Great Expectations, Little Dorrit and Bleak House -- Charles Dickens. 146. Middlemarch -- George Eliot. 147. The Pillow Book -- Sei Shonagon. 148. The Diary of Lady Murasaki -- Murasaki Shikibu. 149. My Experiments With Truth -- Mohandas Gandhi. 150. Ariel -- Sylvia Plath. 151. Jejuri -- Arun Kolatkar. 152. Missing Person -- Adil Jussawalla. 153. All About H Hatterr -- GV Desani. 154. The Ground Beneath Her Feet -- Salman Rushdie. 155. A Fine Balance -- Rohinton Mistry. 156. Tales from Firozsha Baag -- Rohinton Mistry. 157. Amores Perros -- Alejandro G Iñárritu. 158. Samira Makhmalbaf on Wikipedia and IMDb. 159. Ingmar Bergman on Wikipedia and IMDb. 160. The Silence, Autumn Sonata and Wild Strawberries - Ingmar Bergman. 161. The Mahabharata. 162. Yuganta — Irawati Karve. 163. Kalyug -- Shyam Benegal. 164. The Hungry Tide -- Amitav Ghosh. 165. On Hinduism and The Hindus -- Wendy Doniger. 166. I, Lalla: The Poems of Lal Dĕd — Lal Dĕd (translated by Ranjit Hoskote). 167. The Essential Kabir -- Arvind Krishna Mehrotra. 168. The Absent Traveller -- Arvind Krishna Mehrotra. 169. These My Words: The Penguin Book of Indian Poetry -- Edited by Eunice de Souza and Melanie Silgardo. This episode is sponsored by CTQ Compounds. Check out The Daily Reader and FutureStack. Use the code UNSEEN for Rs 2500 off. Check out Amit's online course, The Art of Clear Writing. And subscribe to The India Uncut Newsletter. It's free! Episode art: ‘He is Reading' by Simahina.

For Video Edition, Please Click and Subscribe Here: https://youtu.be/EG6NbQwYAAY The family is one of nature's masterpieces.” – George Santayana. Celebration of the Mind Day is observed on October 21, on the birthday of the famous mathematician, Martin Gardner. Developed by the Gathering 4 Gardner Foundation, Celebration of Mind (CoM) is meant to unite people for a day to explore puzzles, games, math, and magic. I will be bringing some great minds together to celebrate the end of another week. Reach out to me if you have something to promote! I'll be joined by Barbara Rew! Barbara K. Rew has been a child advocate for most of her adult life. Currently she is the Washington, D.C. representative for A Minor Consideration. Ms. Rew feels she owes a debt to children working in the entertainment industry, because as a sick kid she watched a lot of television. "I feel these people gave up their childhood's to entertain me," she says. Since 1993, as a member of A Minor Consideration, Ms. Rew served on a number of committees and boards dealing with non-profit groups and Government agencies. Some of the issues addressed include: Addiction prevention. Safe and non-exploitative working conditions. Adequate education for working children. Ms. Rew participated in working groups advising General Barry McCaffrey of the Office of Drug Policy and the Department of Labor. Since 1991 she has hosted a community television talk show, Barbara's Choice Personalities, where she has interviewed many people from the community involved with children's issues. Groups Ms. Rew's other community activities include serving as a fund raising speaker for the Hospital for Sick Children. Her efforts assisted the hospital in obtaining the funds for building a new wing and garage. She was a member of the Friends of the Bowie Library bringing her love of reading to children.

A reading from Martin Gardner's astounding book “The Why's of a Philosophical Scrivener”

Support Topic Lords on Patreon and get episodes a week early! (https://www.patreon.com/topiclords) Lords: * Kevin * https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/ or http://ircamera.as.arizona.edu/nircam/ * https://youtu.be/in6RZzdGki8 * https://youtu.be/lrY04VPDg8I * John Topics: * Reading the other headlines/articles on newspapers in films that flash on screen solely for the headline * http://www.chess-in-the-cinema.de/ * The Game Boy Camera/revisiting the PXL-2000 topic and other toy cameras/tech * Best Halloween candy: candy corn or pumpkin-shaped candy corn? * Icarus, by Edward Field * https://genius.com/Edward-field-icarus-annotated * Douglas Hofstadter Microtopics: * The James Webb Space Telescope. * The thing you get the most DMs about. * Recording a fan's answering machine message in the Mario Frustration voice. * The guy who "fixed" the NES triangle wave. * Bandlimiting your oscillators. * What the real Lordheads know. * Another place to shitpost. * 3D entertainment. * Deku momentum problems. * The analog stick mod for Mario 64 DS. * A remaster that is in direct conversation with what it's remastering. * The pros and cons of Mario 64 DS. * Abandoned let's-plays. * Waterworld for the Virtual Boy. * Wario Ware and Rhythm Heaven. * How to give Nintendo money in 2022. * Prodigy Child Wins Every Award Given. * Pausing movies to read the nonsense headlines that the prop designers didn't expect you to read. * Pausing the movie to complain about the nonsensical Scrabble game depicted. * A movie about people who don't know how to play Clue. * A mahjongg game that is a literary microcosm of the players' lives. * Leaning across the couch to your girlfriend and saying "that's Chappie's chess game." * Playing Super Mario Bros. with the Power Glove. * The Steam reviews for the 8-bit wrestling game that appears for three seconds in The Wrestler. * The only digital camera that was under $100 in the 90s. * How to get images off of the Game Boy Camera. * Hooking together a TV, VCR, SNES, Super Game Boy and Game Boy Camera and plugging it in with a very long extension cord so you can shoot a movie outdoors. * An in-your-face student film about what happens when computers can detect emotion. * Using your Game Boy Camera as a webcam on Twitch. * The Game Boy Camera's music sequencer. * The Game Boy Camera asking ROM hackers if they are feeling ok. * The Gold Zelda Camera. * The gold Breath of the Wild cartridge that tastes like the Master Sword. * The Cool Cam. * The Lefty RX. * Ranking candy by its volume to surface area ratio. * Getting sick of candy corn naysayers. * Wax Lips: Ya Gotta Eat 'Em! * A powder that's been glued into a little puck. * What the American Oil and Gas Historical Society has to say about wax lips. * The oleaginous history of wax lips. * Edible dinosaur bones. * Bananasaurus Rex-flavored string cheese. * The Genius of the Hero falling to the Middling Stature of the Merely Talented. * Looking back on your best work and knowing you'll probably never best it but still liking your life more now. * A short story with extra line breaks. * Turning any text into a poem by resizing the window so there are extra line breaks. * Robert Altman's follow-up to MASH. * A retelling of Icarus featuring the wicked witch saying a slur. * What it means to be conscious. * Godel, Escher, Bach: I am a Strange Loop except more confusing. * Writing a book for the general public and having to figure out how to make your ideas fun. * Searching YouTube for "Crab Cannon" and only finding music for weirdos and no cannons of any kind. * Martin Gardner's column about math games in Scientific American. * Metamagical Themas. * Using math to do fun space stuff. * Stream Frasier Online Free. * Rubik's Cube except spelled like an asshole.

2:13:23 – Frank in NJ and NYC, plus the Other Side. Topics include: Rubik’s Magic, psycho restauranteur, crazy dorm room, Scientific American, philosophy, Martin Gardner, flexagons, Flea Devil on the bus, solar saleswoman, rumor of a new David Lynch feature film at Cannes, The Crystal Pavilion, dimensions, Gentle Giant – Civilian, Goose, The Clock Reads, Weasels 89, lunch […]

2:13:23 – Frank in NJ and NYC, plus the Other Side. Topics include: Rubik’s Magic, psycho restauranteur, crazy dorm room, Scientific American, philosophy, Martin Gardner, flexagons, Flea Devil on the bus, solar saleswoman, rumor of a new David Lynch feature film at Cannes, The Crystal Pavilion, dimensions, Gentle Giant – Civilian, Goose, The Clock Reads, Weasels 89, lunch […]

This interview was recorded for the GOTO Unscripted at CodeNode in London.http://gotopia.techRead the full transcription of this interview here:https://gotopia.tech/articles/fireside-chat-hannah-fry-simon-singh-kevlin-henneyHannah Fry - Mathematician, Science Presenter, Public Speaker and Bestselling AuthorSimon Singh - Author, Journalist and TV Producer Specializing in Science and MathematicsKevlin Henney - Consultant, Programmer, Keynote Speaker, Technologist, Trainer & WriterDESCRIPTIONWe invited Hannah Fry, Simon Singh and Kevlin Henney to a fireside chat about their math books.In this GOTO Unscripted you'll learn about their favorite numbers and equations as well as how humor and science go together. Lastly we will reveal who likes to cook their eggs in a microwave.RECOMMENDED BOOKSHannah Fry & Adam Rutherford • Complete Guide To Absolutely Everything • https://amzn.to/32gNCpBHannah Fry • Hello World • https://amzn.to/3eexiboHannah Fry &  Thomas Oléron Evans • The Indisputable Existence of Santa Claus • https://amzn.to/32q9EppSimon Singh • The Simpsons and Their Mathematical Secrets • https://amzn.to/3w9WcRsSimon Singh • Fermat's Last Theorem • https://amzn.to/3wekpG9Simon Singh • The Code Book • https://amzn.to/3k4RYFVSimon Singh • Big Bang • https://amzn.to/3bHsZnmSimon Singh & Edzard Ernst • Trick or Treatment • https://amzn.to/2ZThR4IKevlin Henney & Trisha Gee • 97 Things Every Java Programmer Should Know • https://amzn.to/3kiTwJJKevlin Henney • 97 Things Every Programmer Should Know • https://amzn.to/2Yahf9UHenney & Monson-Haefel • 97 Things Every Software Architect Should Know • https://amzn.to/3pZuHsQHenney, Buschmann & Schmidt • Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture Volume 4 • https://amzn.to/3k4SMurhttps://twitter.com/GOTOconhttps://www.linkedin.com/company/goto-https://www.facebook.com/GOTOConferencesLooking for a unique learning experience?Attend the next GOTO conference near you! Get your ticket at https://gotopia.techSUBSCRIBE TO OUR YOUTUBE CHANNEL - new videos posted almost daily.https://www.youtube.com/user/GotoConferences/?sub_confirmation=1

Hoy dedicamos el programa a la figura de Martin Gardner, un periodista, filósofo y gran comunicador de matemáticas en la revista Scientific American durante 30 años. Es uno de los que más problemas de matemáticas ha popularizado en toda la historia y tiene decenas de obras literarias sobre juegos, acertijos, pensamientos y reflexiones, como a nosotros nos gusta plantear. BayesAna nos trae el juego de las Agujas de Buffon, un juego del siglo XVIII y nos ayuda a aproximar el número Pi. Puedes participar en el programa con un audio de Whatsapp al 687229373 o en el twitter @raizde5RNE Seguimos la siguiente semana, por inducción, n+1..

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 253, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: Pop Music Pairings 1: blank and the Papas. The Mamas. 2: ... and the Gang. Kool. 3: blank and Wings. Paul McCartney. 4: ... and the Funky Bunch. Marky Mark. 5: blank and the Dominos. Derek. Round 2. Category: Body Facts And Figures 1: These 2 of your 5 senses are connected; lose one and you lose most of the other. taste and smell. 2: The average person has some 18 square feet of this, making it the body's largest organ. skin. 3: If you want to count all the hairs on your head, hope you have this natural color; it has the fewest. red. 4: You have about 1 quart of this for every 30 pounds you weigh. blood. 5: You'll need 3 Trent Reznors to collect enough of this metal, Fe, from their bodies to make a nine-inch nail. iron. Round 3. Category: 4-Syllable Words 1: Mission: this 10-letter word meaning hopelessly difficult; the clue will self-destruct in one second. impossible. 2: Bridgeport is the largest city in this northeastern state. Connecticut. 3: For Colorado Springs, it's 6,000 feet. elevation. 4: Also a physiological term, it's the distribution of copies of a periodical among readers. circulation. 5: Type of book, like Martin Gardner's edition of "Alice", that includes explanatory information as well as the text. annotated. Round 4. Category: Tennis, Anyone? 1: The 2 Martinas to have been ranked as the year's No. 1 women's tennis player. Martina Hingis and Martina Navratilova. 2: Held in Melbourne in January, it's the first of the 4 tennis Grand Slam events every year. the Australian Open. 3: In 1993 he was ranked the world's No. 1 tennis player; he "re-peted" as No. 1 5 more years. Pete Sampras. 4: These 2 sisters have faced each other in the Wimbledon singles finals 4 times. Venus and Serena Williams. 5: In 2004 this Russian-born woman won the Wimbledon singles title. (Maria) Sharapova. Round 5. Category: The Olympics 1: One difference between this hyphenated sport and freestyle is that opponents can't grasp or use the legs in a fall. Greco-Roman wrestling. 2: In 2000 marathon winner Naoko Takahashi became the first woman from this country to win a gold in track and field. Japan. 3: It's the only California site to host a Winter Olympics. Squaw Valley. 4: A special event at the 1928 and 1948 Winter Games, this bare-bones sled slid back to the Games in 2002. the skeleton. 5: At the 2006 Winter Olympics, Shaun White took gold in this snowboarding competition. half-pipe. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!

El ser humano se originó en África, eso es algo que tenemos muy claro. Desde allí, y en varias oleadas, se extendió primero por Asia, luego Oceanía y finalmente Europa. América fue el último continente al que llegaron nuestros antepasados (si nos olvidamos de la Antártida, al que hemos llegado en época histórica), pero ¿cómo se produjo esta llegada? Las evindencias, tanto arqueológicas como genéticas, apuntan a que los primeros pobladores de América llegaron por el norte, pasando desde Asia a la actual Alaska a través de una lengua de tierra que quedó al descubierto durante el último periodo glacial. Esto nos sitúa con poblaciones de humanos en el este de Siberia y Alaska hace unos 25.000 años, pero la arqueología sugiere que esos humanos no llegaron más al sur hasta hace 13.000 años. La razón que se suele dar es que el camino hacia el sur estaba bloqueado por los hielos perpetuos propios del periodo glacial. Pero toda esta narración ha sido puesta en entredicho por un solo descubrimiento: la aparición de unas huellas fósiles en el estado de Nuevo México que han sido datadas en hace 22.000 años. ¿Cómo llegaron esos humanos tan al sur tan pronto? ¿Estaban las rutas realmente bloquedas por el hielo? De todo esto hablamos en el programa de hoy. Además también dedicamos unos minutos a responder a vuestras preguntas, en el consultorio "Aparici te lo Dici". En concreto respondemos a dos consultas: un oyente nos pregunta por qué nunca vemos papel en estado líquido, siendo que el papel no deja de ser una sustancia como cualquier otra. Un segundo oyente nos pide que aclaremos la diferencia entre astronomía, astrofísica y cosmología. Si queréis enviarnos vuestras consultas podéis hacerlo mandando una nota de voz de WhatsApp al +34 609 83 10 34. Aunque puede que tardemos un poco en contestarlas, nos las guardamos todas! Y como siempre, Santi García Cremades nos propone también su reto matemático. Hoy nos recuerda la figura del filósofo y divulgador científico Martin Gardner, y nos propone un reto matemático del puño y letra del gran maestro estadounidense. Este programa se emitió originalmente el 21 de octubre de 2021. Podéis escuchar el resto de audios de Más de Uno en la app de Onda Cero y en su web, ondacero.es

Santi García Cremades nos propone un juego matemático al estilo de los que proponía el matemático Martin Gardner 

Just when Harry thought he'd escaped the classic movie era, friend of the pod Martin Gardner pulls him back in. Fortunately, it's with one of the all-time greats - 1942's Casablanca.  Tune into this week's episode for our thoughts on iconic quotes, polite Nazis, bad fake piano playing and much more. Plus drinking games, listener submissions and sequel pitches! ----- Beyond the Box Set is a movie podcast with a twist. Each week we take a look at a well-known standalone movie and compete to pitch ridiculous sequel, prequel and spin-off ideas to bring them back to the big screen.  If you enjoy this week's show, please hit subscribe to receive a brand new episode every Monday morning. You can also sign up to our Patreon to help support our show and access a number of incentives, including a weekly bonus show, extended episodes, a regular on-air promo slot and much more, all available for as little as $2 per month. beyondtheboxset.com patreon.com/beyondtheboxset twitter.com/beyondtheboxset facebook.com/beyondtheboxset instagram.com/beyondtheboxset 00.00: Ilsa is a hard name to memorise  43.08: Casablanca Drinking Games 53.40: Casablanca sequel pitches 1.17.00: Listener Submissions & Episode 236 Preview

Hollow Earth Theory   Well hello there passengers, and welcome to yet another exciting day aboard the MidnightTrain. Today we delve deep into the mysterious, creepy, possibly conspiratorial world that is our own. What do I mean by that? Well we are digging our way to the center of truth! Today, we learn about Hollow Earth… and for the flat earthers out there… you're gonna wanna hang out for a minute before you dip outta here… also fuck you.   (Cinematic trailer voice) In a World where there exists people who think the world is a flat piece of paper with trees growing out of it and a big guy who flips the piece of paper over to switch between day and night. One man wants to change that idea. His name… is Edmund Halley. Yes that Halley. The one known for the comet he discovered. But before we explore more about him and his findings, let's discuss what led us to this revolutionary hypothesis.   So besides idiots who believe the earth is flat, I mean stupid-endous personalities, there are other more interesting characters that believe the earth is completely hollow; or at least a large part of it. This is what we call the Hollow Earth Theory. Now where did this all come from? Well, nobody cares, Moody. That's the show folks!   Ok, ok, ok… fine. Since the early times many cultures, religions, and folklore believed that there was something below our feet. Whether it's the lovely and tropical Christian Hell, the Jungle-esque Greek Underworld, the balmy Nordic Svartálfaheim, or the temperate Jewish Sheol; there is a name for one simple idea. These cultures believed it to be where we either come from or where we go when we die. This may hold some truth, or not. Guess we will know more when the time comes.   The idea of a subterranean realm is also mentioned in Tibetan Buddhist belief. According to one story from Tibetan Buddhist tradition, there is an ancient city called Shamballa which is located inside the Earth. According to the Ancient Greeks, there were caverns under the surface which were entrances leading to the underworld, some of which were the caverns at Tainaron in Lakonia, at Troezen in Argolis, at Ephya in Thesprotia, at Herakleia in Pontos, and in Ermioni. In Thracian and Dacian legends, it is said that there are caverns occupied by an ancient god called Zalmoxis. In Mesopotamian religion there is a story of a man who, after traveling through the darkness of a tunnel in the mountain of "Mashu", entered a subterranean garden. Sounds lovely.  In Celtic mythology there is a legend of a cave called "Cruachan", also known as "Ireland's gate to Hell", a mythical and ancient cave from which according to legend strange creatures would emerge and be seen on the surface of the Earth.​​ They are said to be bald, taller than most with blue eyes and a big, bushy beard… fucking Moody. There are also stories of medieval knights and saints who went on pilgrimages to a cave located in Station Island, County Donegal in Ireland, where they made journeys inside the Earth into a place of purgatory. You guys know purgatory, that place or state of suffering inhabited by the souls of sinners who are shedding their sins before going to heaven. In County Down, Northern Ireland there is a myth which says tunnels lead to the land of the subterranean Tuatha Dé Danann, who are supposedly a group of people who are believed to have introduced Druidism to Ireland, and then they said fuck it and went back underground. In Hindu mythology, the underworld is referred to as Patala. In the Bengali version of the Hindu epic Ramayana, it has been depicted how Rama and Lakshmana were taken by the king of the underworld Ahiravan, brother of the demon king Ravana. Later on they were rescued by Hanuman. Got all that? The Angami Naga tribes of India claim that their ancestors emerged in ancient times from a subterranean land inside the Earth. The Taino from Cuba believe their ancestors emerged in ancient times from two caves in a mountain underground. Natives of the Trobriand Islands believe that their ancestors had come from a subterranean land through a cavern hole called "Obukula". Mexican folklore also tells of a cave in a mountain five miles south of Ojinaga, and that Mexico is possessed by devilish creatures who came from inside the Earth. Maybe THAT'S where the Chupacabra came from! In the middle ages, an ancient German myth held that some mountains located between Eisenach and Gotha hold a portal to the inner Earth. A Russian legend says the Samoyeds, an ancient Siberian tribe, traveled to a cavern city to live inside the Earth. Luckily, they had plenty of space rope to make it back out.  The Italian writer Dante describes a hollow earth in his well-known 14th-century work Inferno, in which the fall of Lucifer from heaven caused an enormous funnel to appear in a previously solid and spherical earth, as well as an enormous mountain opposite it, "Purgatory". There's that place, again. In Native American mythology, they believed that the ancestors of the Mandan people in ancient times emerged from a subterranean land through a cave at the north side of the Missouri River. There is also a tale about a tunnel in the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation in Arizona near Cedar Creek which is said to lead inside the Earth to a land inhabited by a mysterious tribe. It is also the belief of the tribes of the Iroquois that their ancient ancestors emerged from a subterranean world inside the Earth. The elders of the Hopi people believe that a Sipapu entrance in the Grand Canyon exists which leads to the underworld. Brazilian Indians, who live alongside the Parima River in Brazil, claim that their forefathers emerged in ancient times from an underground land, and that many of their ancestors still remained inside the Earth. Ancestors of the Inca supposedly came from caves which are located east of Cuzco, Peru. So, this is something that has been floating around a shit ton of ancient mythos for a long ass time. Well, ya know… before that silly thing called SCIENCE. Moving on. Now to circle back to our friend Edmund. He was born in 1656, in Haggerston in Middlesex (not to be confused with uppersex or its ill-informed cousin the powerbottomsex). He was an English astronomer, geophysicist, mathematician, meteorologist, and physicist; because what else was there to do in the 1600's but be a know-it-all? He was known to work with Sir Isaac Newton among other notable (but not gonna note them here) proponents to science.  In 1692 he proffered the idea that the earth was indeed hollow and had a shell about 500 miles thick with two inner concentric (having a common center, as circles or spheres… hear that flat earthers??) shells and an inner core. He proposed that the atmospheres separated the shells and that they also had their own magnetic poles and that the shells moved at different speeds. This idea was used to elucidate(shed light upon… yes pun intended) anomalous(ih-nom-uh-luhs) compass readings. He conceptualized that the inner region had its own atmosphere and possibly luminous with plausible inhabitants. MOLE PEOPLE!! He also thought that escaping gases from the inner earth caused what is now known as the Northern Lights.   Now another early ambassador to this idea was Le Clerc Milfort. Jean-Antoine Le Clerc, or known by a simpler name, Louis Milfort. Monsieur Milfort was a higher ranking French military officer who offered his services during the late 1700's. He is most notably known for leading Creek Indian warriors during the American Revolutionary War as allies of the British. I guess having a common enemy here would make sense as to why he chose this group to lead. He emigrated in 1775 to what was then known as the British Colonies of North America. But we all know there is nothing Bri'ish about us.    Now why would a higher ranking French military Officer want to emigrate from his home to a place of turmoil? Great question Moody! I knew you were paying attention. Well, a little about this French saboteur.   He was known by many aliases, but we will just stick with Louis (Louie) for all intents and purposes. Louis was born in Thin-le-Moutier, near Mezieres, France. He served in the French Military from 1764 to 1774. Now this is according to his memoir that was dated in 1802. He left France after he ended up killing a servant of the king's household in a duel. Apparently, the king's servant loved the king. So much so that when Louis read aloud a poem that he had written that included the king, the servant jumped up, tore off his glove and slapped Louis across the face not once, but 4 fucking times! This is obviously something that Louis could not just let happen, so he challenged the servant to a duel. Not just any duel, mind you. He challenged him to a duel of what was then known as a “mort de coupes de papier.” The servant died an excruciating death and Louis fled. Here is the poem that started the feud.  There's a place in France Where the naked ladies dance There's a hole in the wall Where the men can see it all But the men don't care Cause they lost their underwear And the cops never shoot Cause they think it's kind of cute There a place in France Where the alligators dance If you give them a glance They could bite you in the pants There's a place on Mars Where the ladies smoke cigars Every puff she makes Is enough to kill the snakes When the snakes all die They put diamonds in their eye When the diamonds break The dancing makes them ache When the diamonds shine They really look so fine The king and the queen Have a rubber ding-a-ling All the girls in France Have ants in their pants Yes, this is 100% bullshit… but, you'll have that shit stuck in your head for days. Now as much as we tried to find ACTUAL information as to why there was duel and why it was with a servant of the king, we couldn't find much. But after digging up some more information on Louis we found out that he ended up going back to France to be a part of the Sacred Society of Sophisians.    This group is also known as the secret society of Napoleon's Sorcerers… This may have to be a bonus episode so stay tuned for more!   Now back to the “Core” of our episode. The Creek Indians who are originally from the Muscogee [məskóɡəlɡi](Thank wikipedia) area which is southeast united states which roughly translates to the areas around Tennessee, Alabama, western Georgia and Northern Florida. Louis adapted their customs and assimilated into their Tribe.  He even married the sister of the Chief.   Now after Louis and the rest of the people in the American Revolutionary War lost to the U.S. he decided to lead the Creek Tribe on an expedition in 1781 because, well, they had nothing else to do. On this expedition they were searching for caverns where allegedly the Creek Indians ancestors had emerged from. Maybe even the Origin of Bigfoot.   Yes, the Creek Indians had believed that their ancestors lived below the earth and lived in caverns along the Red River junction of the Mississippi River. Now during the expedition they did come across these caverns which they suspected could hold 20,000 of their family in. That's pretty much all they found. They didn't have video cameras back then otherwise, I'm pretty sure they would have found footage of bigfoot though.   Another advocate was Leonhard Euler, yes, you heard right. Buehler… Buehler… No Leonard Euler. A great 18th century mathematician; or not so great if you didn't enjoy math in school unlike moody who was the biggest nerd when it came to math.    Euler founded the study of graph theory and topology. No moody, not on-top-ology. Mind always in the gutter. Euler influenced many other discoveries such as analytic number theory, complex analysis, and the coolest subject ever; Infinitesimal Calculus. Which is Latin for BULLSHIT.   But anyways I digress. This guy knew his stuff BUT he did think with all his “infinite” wisdom that the earth was in fact hollow and had no inner shells but instead had a six hundred mile diameter sun in the center. The most intriguing and plausible theory he had within this whole idea was that you could enter into this interior from the northern and southern poles. Let's hold to that cool hypothesis for right now and move along with our next Interesting goon of the hollow earth community.   With Halley's spheres and Eulers's Holes came another great man with another great theory. Captain John Symmes! Yes you know Captain Symmes. HE was a hero in the war of 1812 after being sent with his Regiment to Canada and providing relief to American forces at the battle of Lundy's Lane. He was well known as a trader and lecturer after he left the army.    In 1818 Symmes announced his theory on Hollow Earth to the World! With his publication of his Circular No. 1.   “I declare the earth is hollow, and habitable within; containing a number of solid concentric spheres, one within the other, and that it is open at the poles 12 or 16 degrees; I pledge my life in support of this truth, and am ready to explore the hollow, if the world will support and aid me in the undertaking.”— John Cleves Symmes Jr., Symmes' Circular No. 1  While there were few people who would consider Symmes as the “Newton of the West”, most of the world was less than impressed. Although his theory wasn't as popular as one would expect, you gotta admire the confidence he had.   Symmes sent this declaration at a rather hefty cost to himself to “each notable foreign government, reigning prince, legislature, city, college, and philosophical societies, throughout the union, and to individual members of our National Legislature, as far as the five hundred copies would go.”15]   Symmes would then be followed by an exorbitant amount of ridicule for his proclamation, as many intellectuals were back then. This ridicule would later influence a rather bold move, Cotton. We'll touch on this later.    What was so special about his theory that got 98% of the world not on the edge of their seats? Well, to start he believed the Earth had five concentric spheres with where we live to be the largest  of the spheres. He also believed that the crust was 1000 miles thick with an arctic opening about 4000 miles wide and an antarctic opening around 6000 miles wide. He argued that because of the centrifugal force of the Earth's rotation that the poles would be flattened which would cause such a gradual gradation that you would travel into the Hollow Earth without even knowing you even did it.   Eventually he refined his theory because of such ridicule and criticism. Now his theory consists of just a single hollow sphere instead of five concentric spheres. So, now that we know all about symmes and his theory, why don't we talk about what he decided to do with his theory?    What do you think, Moody? You think he created a cult so he could be ostracized? Or do you think he gave up and realized he was silly? Hate to be the bearer of bad news here but he decided to take his theory and convince the U.S. congress to fund and organize an expedition to the south pole to enter the inner earth.    Good news and bad news folks. Good news, congress back then actually had some people with heads on their shoulders as opposed to those today and they said fuck that noise and denied funding for his expedition. Hamilton, Ohio even has a monument to him and his ideas. Fuckin' Ohio. Next up on our list of “what the fuck were they thinking?” We have Jeremiah Reynolds. He also delivered lectures on the "Hollow Earth" and argued for an expedition. I guess back in those days people just up and went to the far reaches of the earth just to prove a point. Reynolds said “look what I can do” and went on an expedition to Antarctica himself but missed joining the Great U.S. Exploring Expedition of 1838–1842, even though that venture was a result of his craziness, I MEAN “INTEREST”. He gained support from marine and scientific societies and, in 1828, successfully lobbied the House of Representatives to pass a resolution asking then-President John Quincy Adams to deploy a research vessel to the Pacific. The president, for his part, had first mentioned Reynolds in his November 4, 1826, diary entry, writing: “Mr Reynolds is a man who has been lecturing about the Country, in support of Captain John Cleves Symmes's theory that the Earth is a hollow Sphere, open at the Poles— His Lectures are said to have been well attended, and much approved as exhibitions of genius and of Science— But the Theory itself has been so much ridiculed, and is in truth so visionary, that Reynolds has now varied his purpose to the proposition of fitting out a voyage of circumnavigation to the Southern Ocean— He has obtained numerous signatures in Baltimore to a Memorial to Congress for this object, which he says will otherwise be very powerfully supported— It will however have no support in Congress. That day will come, but not yet nor in my time. May it be my fortune, and my praise to accelerate its approach.”  Adams' words proved prophetic. Though his administration opted to fund Reynolds' expedition, the voyage was waylaid by the 1828 presidential election, which found Adams roundly defeated by Andrew Jackson. The newly elected president canceled the expedition, leaving Reynolds to fund his trip through other sources. (The privately supported venture set sail in 1829 but ended in disaster, with the crew mutinying and leaving Reynolds' ass on shore.) Per Boston 1775, the U.S. Exploring Expedition only received the green light under the country's eighth president, Martin Van Buren. As Howard Dorre explains on his Plodding Through the Presidents blog, multiple media outlets (including Smithsonian, in an earlier version of this article) erroneously interpreted Adams' description of Reynolds' ideas as “visionary” as a sign of his support for the hollow earth theory. In fact, notes Bell in a separate Boston 1775 blog post, the term's connotations at the time were largely negative. In the words of 18th-century English writer Samuel Johnson, a visionary was “one whose imagination is disturbed.” The president, adds Dorre, only agreed to support the polar expedition “after Reynolds abandoned the hollow earth idea.”  I had always heard that he was a believer in mole people and hollow earth, turns out his words were just misinterpreted. Hmm… I wonder if there are any other books out there where the overall ideas and verbage could and have been misinterpreted causing insane amounts of disingenuous beliefs? Nah!   Though Symmes himself never wrote a book about his ideas, several authors published works discussing his ideas. McBride wrote Symmes' Theory of Concentric Spheres in 1826. It appears that Reynolds has an article that appeared as a separate booklet in 1827: Remarks of Symmes' Theory Which Appeared in the American Quarterly Review. In 1868, a professor W.F. Lyons published The Hollow Globe which put forth a Symmes-like Hollow Earth hypothesis, but failed to mention Symmes himself. Because fuck that guy, right? Symmes's son Americus then published The Symmes' Theory of Concentric Spheres in 1878 to set the record straight. I think the duel would have been a better idea. Sir John Leslie proposed a hollow Earth in his 1829 Elements of Natural Philosophy (pp. 449–53). In 1864, in Journey to the Center of the Earth, Jules Verne described a hollow Earth containing two rotating binary stars, named Pluto and Proserpine. Ok… fiction. We get it. William Fairfield Warren, in his book Paradise Found–The Cradle of the Human Race at the North Pole, (1885) presented his belief that humanity originated on a continent in the Arctic called Hyperborea. This influenced some early Hollow Earth proponents. According to Marshall Gardner, both the Eskimo and Mongolian peoples had come from the interior of the Earth through an entrance at the North Pole. I wonder if they knew that.    NEQUA or The Problem of the Ages, first serialized in a newspaper printed in Topeka, Kansas in 1900 and considered an early feminist utopian novel, mentions John Cleves Symmes' theory to explain its setting in a hollow Earth. An early 20th-century proponent of hollow Earth, William Reed, wrote Phantom of the Poles in 1906. He supported the idea of a hollow Earth, but without interior shells or inner sun. Ok, no sun. Got it. The spiritualist writer Walburga, Lady Paget in her book Colloquies with an unseen friend (1907) was an early writer to mention the hollow Earth hypothesis. She claimed that cities exist beneath a desert, which is where the people of Atlantis moved. Mmmk. Deserts and Atlantis. Check. She said an entrance to the subterranean kingdom will be discovered in the 21st century. Pretty broad brush she's painting with there. Next up we're gonna talk a little about Admiral Richard E. Byrd. According to Hollow Earth theorists, Byrd met an ancient race underground in the South Pole. According to Byrd's “diary,” the government ordered Byrd to remain silent for what he witnessed during his Arctic assignment:              March 11, 1947 “I have just attended a Staff Meeting at the Pentagon. I have stated fully my discovery and the message from the Master. All is duly recorded. The President has been advised. I am now detained for several hours (six hours, thirty- nine minutes, to be exact.) I am interviewed intently by Top Security Forces and a Medical Team. It was an ordeal!!!! I am placed under strict control via the National Security provisions of this United States of America. I am ORDERED TO REMAIN SILENT IN REGARD TO ALL THAT I HAVE LEARNED, ON THE BEHALF OF HUMANITY!!! Incredible! I am reminded that I am a Military Man and I must obey orders.” After many polar accomplishments, Byrd organized Operation Highjump in 1947. The objective: construct an American training and research facility in the South Pole. Highjump was a significant illustration of the state of the world and the cold war thinking at the time. The nuclear age had just begun, and the real fears were that the Soviet Union would attack the United States over the North Pole. The Navy had done a training exercise there in the summer of 1946 and felt it needed to do more. The northern winter was coming, and Highjump was a quickly planned exercise to move the whole thing to the South Pole. Politically, the orders were that the Navy should do all it could to establish a basis for a [land] claim in Antarctica. That was classified at the time.Now Operation High jump could probably be its own episode, or is at minimum a bonus. But we'll get some of the important details on how it pertains to this episode. Some say the American government sent their troops to the South Pole for any evidence of the rumored German Base 211. Nazis were fascinated with anything regarding the Aryan race. They traveled all over the world including Antarctica to learn more of alleged origins. The Germans did make their mark in the South Pole. However, what they have discovered doesn't compared to what Byrd recorded in his diary. the time. The nuclear age had just begun, and the real fears were that the Soviet Union would attack the United States over the North Pole. The Navy had done a training exerci but was that all it was   “For thousands of years, people all over the world have written legends about Agartha (sometimes called Agarta or Agarthi), the underground city. Agartha (sometimes Agartta, Agharti, Agarath, Agarta or Agarttha) is a legendary kingdom that is said to be located in the Earth's core. Agartha is frequently associated or confused with Shambhala which figures prominently in Vajrayana Buddhism and Tibetan Kalachakra teachings and revived in the West by Madame Blavatsky and the Theosophical Society. Theosophists in particular regard Agarthi as a vast complex of caves underneath Tibet inhabited by demi-gods, called asuras. Helena and Nicholas Roerich, whose teachings closely parallel theosophy, see Shambhala's existence as both spiritual and physical. Did Byrd find it? He claims to have met “The Master,” the city's leader, who told him of his concerns about the surface world: “Our interest rightly begins just after your Race exploded the first atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. It was that alarming time we sent our flying machines, the ‘Flugelrads' to your surface world to investigate what your Race had done…You see, we have never interfered before in your Race's wars and barbarity. But now we must, for you have learned to tamper with a certain power that is not for your Man, mainly that of atomic energy. Our emissaries have already delivered messages to the power of your World, and yet they do not heed.” Apparently, the government knew about Agartha before Byrd. Marshall Gardner wrote A Journey to the Earth's Interior in 1913 and published an expanded edition in 1920. He placed an interior sun in the Earth (ah ha! The Sun's back!) and built a working model of the Hollow Earth which he actually fucking patented (U.S. Patent 1,096,102). Gardner made no mention of Reed, but did criticize Symmes for his ideas. DUEL TIME! Around the same time, Vladimir Obruchev wrote a novel titled Plutonia, in which the Hollow Earth possessed an inner Sun and was inhabited by prehistoric species. The interior was connected with the surface by an opening in the Arctic. The explorer Ferdynand Ossendowski wrote a book in 1922 titled Beasts, Men and Gods. Ossendowski said he was told about a subterranean kingdom that exists inside the Earth. It was known to Buddhists as Agharti. George Papashvily in his Anything Can Happen (1940) claimed the discovery in the Caucasus mountains of a cavern containing human skeletons "with heads as big as bushel baskets" and an ancient tunnel leading to the center of the Earth. One man entered the tunnel and never returned. This dude was a sniper with the Imperial Russian Army during World War I Moody is going to love these next examples.  Novelist Lobsang Rampa in his book The Cave of the Ancients said an underground chamber system exists beneath the Himalayas of Tibet, filled with ancient machinery, records and treasure. Michael Grumley, a cryptozoologist, has linked Bigfoot and other hominid cryptids to ancient tunnel systems underground. According to the ancient astronaut writer Peter Kolosimo a robot was seen entering a tunnel below a monastery in Mongolia. Kolosimo also claimed a light was seen from underground in Azerbaijan. Kolosimo and other ancient astronaut writers such as Robert Charroux linked these activities to DUN DUN DUNNNN….UFOs. A book by a "Dr. Raymond Bernard" which appeared in 1964, The Hollow Earth, exemplifies the idea of UFOs coming from inside the Earth, and adds the idea that the Ring Nebula proves the existence of hollow worlds, as well as speculation on the fate of Atlantis and the origin of flying saucers. An article by Martin Gardner revealed that Walter Siegmeister used the pseudonym "Bernard", but not until the 1989 publishing of Walter Kafton-Minkel's Subterranean Worlds: 100,000 Years of Dragons, Dwarfs, the Dead, Lost Races & UFOs from Inside the Earth did the full story of Bernard/Siegmeister become well-known. Holy fucking book title, Batman!   The science fiction pulp magazine Amazing Stories promoted one such idea from 1945 to 1949 as "The Shaver Mystery". The magazine's editor, Ray Palmer, ran a series of stories by Richard Sharpe Shaver, claiming that a superior pre-historic race had built a honeycomb of caves in the Earth, and that their degenerate descendants, known as "Dero", live there TO THIS DAY, using the fantastic machines abandoned by the ancient races to torment those of us living on the surface. As one characteristic of this torment, Shaver described "voices" that purportedly came from no explainable source. Thousands of readers wrote to affirm that they, too, had heard the fiendish voices from inside the Earth. The writer David Hatcher Childress authored Lost Continents and the Hollow Earth(1998) in which he reprinted the stories of Palmer and defended the Hollow Earth idea based on alleged (cough… “alleged”) tunnel systems beneath South America and Central Asia. Hollow Earth proponents have claimed a number of different locations for the entrances which lead inside the Earth. Other than the North and South poles, entrances in locations which have been cited include: Paris in France, Staffordshire in England, Montreal in Canada, Hangchow in China, and The Amazon Rain Forest.   Ok, have you two gents heard of the Concave Hollow Earth Theory? It doesn't matter, we're still going to talk about this lunacy. Instead of saying that humans live on the outside surface of a hollow planet—sometimes called a "convex" Hollow Earth hypothesis—some whackamuffins have claimed humans live on the inside surface of a hollow spherical world, so that our universe itself lies in that world's interior. This has been called the "concave" Hollow Earth hypothesis or skycentrism. Cyrus Teed, a doctor from upstate New York, proposed such a concave Hollow Earth in 1869, calling his scheme "Cellular Cosmogony". He might as well have called it Goobery Kabooblenuts. See, I can make up words, too. Anyway, Teed founded a group called the Koreshan Unity based on this notion, which he called Koreshanity. Which sounds like insanity and would make far more sense. The main colony survives as a preserved Florida state historic site, at Estero, Florida, but all of Teed's followers have now died. Probably from eating Tide Pods. Teed's followers claimed to have experimentally verified the concavity of the Earth's curvature, through surveys of the Florida coastline making use of "rectilineator" equipment. Which sounds like something you use to clean out your colon.   Several 20th-century German writers, including Peter Bender, Johannes Lang, Karl Neupert, and Fritz Braut, published works advocating the Hollow Earth hypothesis, or Hohlweltlehre. It has even been reported, although apparently without historical documentation, that Adolf Hitler was influenced by concave Hollow Earth ideas and sent an expedition in an unsuccessful attempt to spy on the British fleet by pointing infrared cameras up at the sky. Oh boy. The Egyptian mathematician Mostafa “Admiral Akbar” Abdelkader wrote several scholarly papers working out a detailed mapping of the Concave Earth model In one chapter of his book On the Wild Side (1992), Martin Gardner discusses the Hollow Earth model articulated by Abdelkader. According to Gardner, this hypothesis posits that light rays travel in circular paths, and slow as they approach the center of the spherical star-filled cavern. No energy can reach the center of the cavern, which corresponds to no point a finite distance away from Earth in the widely accepted scientific cosmology. A drill, Gardner says, would lengthen as it traveled away from the cavern and eventually pass through the "point at infinity" corresponding to the center of the Earth in the widely accepted scientific cosmology. Supposedly no experiment can distinguish between the two cosmologies. Christ, my head hurts. Gardner notes that "most mathematicians believe that an inside-out universe, with properly adjusted physical laws, is empirically irrefutable". Gardner rejects the concave Hollow Earth hypothesis on the basis of Occam's razor. Occam's razor is the problem-solving principle that "entities should not be multiplied beyond necessity", sometimes inaccurately paraphrased as "the simplest explanation is usually the best one." Purportedly verifiable hypotheses of a Concave Hollow Earth need to be distinguished from a thought experiment which defines a coordinate transformation such that the interior of the Earth becomes "exterior" and the exterior becomes "interior". (For example, in spherical coordinates, let radius r go to R2/r where R is the Earth's radius; see inversive geometry.) The transformation entails corresponding changes to the forms of physical laws. This is not a hypothesis but an illustration of the fact that any description of the physical world can be equivalently expressed in more than one way.   Contrary evidence   Seismic The picture of the structure of the Earth that has been arrived at through the study of seismic waves[52] is quite different from a fully hollow Earth. The time it takes for seismic waves to travel through and around the Earth directly contradicts a fully hollow sphere. The evidence indicates the Earth is mostly filled with solid rock (mantle and crust), liquid nickel-iron alloy (outer core), and solid nickel-iron (inner core).[53]   Gravity Main articles: Schiehallion experiment and Cavendish experiment Another set of scientific arguments against a Hollow Earth or any hollow planet comes from gravity. Massive objects tend to clump together gravitationally, creating non-hollow spherical objects such as stars and planets. The solid spheroid is the best way in which to minimize the gravitational potential energy of a rotating physical object; having hollowness is unfavorable in the energetic sense. In addition, ordinary matter is not strong enough to support a hollow shape of planetary size against the force of gravity; a planet-sized hollow shell with the known, observed thickness of the Earth's crust would not be able to achieve hydrostatic equilibrium with its own mass and would collapse.   Based upon the size of the Earth and the force of gravity on its surface, the average density of the planet Earth is 5.515 g/cm3, and typical densities of surface rocks are only half that (about 2.75 g/cm3). If any significant portion of the Earth were hollow, the average density would be much lower than that of surface rocks. The only way for Earth to have the force of gravity that it does is for much more dense material to make up a large part of the interior. Nickel-iron alloy under the conditions expected in a non-hollow Earth would have densities ranging from about 10 to 13 g/cm3, which brings the average density of Earth to its observed value.   Direct observation Drilling holes does not provide direct evidence against the hypothesis. The deepest hole drilled to date is the Kola Superdeep Borehole,[54] with a true vertical drill-depth of more than 7.5 miles (12 kilometers). However, the distance to the center of the Earth is nearly 4,000 miles (6,400 kilometers). Oil wells with longer depths are not vertical wells; the total depths quoted are measured depth (MD) or equivalently, along-hole depth (AHD) as these wells are deviated to horizontal. Their true vertical depth (TVD) is typically less than 2.5 miles (4 kilometers).   Ok, then let's discuss what actual scientists, like ALL OF THEM, believe the earth is actually composed of. The inner core This solid metal ball has a radius of 1,220 kilometers (758 miles), or about three-quarters that of the moon. It's located some 6,400 to 5,180 kilometers (4,000 to 3,220 miles) beneath Earth's surface. Extremely dense, it's made mostly of iron and nickel. The inner core spins a bit faster than the rest of the planet. It's also intensely hot: Temperatures sizzle at 5,400° Celsius (9,800° Fahrenheit). That's almost as hot as the surface of the sun. Pressures here are immense: well over 3 million times greater than on Earth's surface. Some research suggests there may also be an inner, inner core. It would likely consist almost entirely of iron.   The outer core   This part of the core is also made from iron and nickel, just in liquid form. It sits some 5,180 to 2,880 kilometers (3,220 to 1,790 miles) below the surface. Heated largely by the radioactive decay of the elements uranium and thorium, this liquid churns in huge, turbulent currents. That motion generates electrical currents. They, in turn, generate Earth's magnetic field. For reasons somehow related to the outer core, Earth's magnetic field reverses about every 200,000 to 300,000 years. Scientists are still working to understand how that happens.   The mantle   At close to 3,000 kilometers (1,865 miles) thick, this is Earth's thickest layer. It starts a mere 30 kilometers (18.6 miles) beneath the surface. Made mostly of iron, magnesium and silicon, it is dense, hot and semi-solid (think caramel candy). Like the layer below it, this one also circulates. It just does so far more slowly. Near its upper edges, somewhere between about 100 and 200 kilometers (62 to 124 miles) underground, the mantle's temperature reaches the melting point of rock. Indeed, it forms a layer of partially melted rock known as the asthenosphere (As-THEEN-oh-sfeer). Geologists believe this weak, hot, slippery part of the mantle is what Earth's tectonic plates ride upon and slide across.   Diamonds are tiny pieces of the mantle we can actually touch. Most form at depths above 200 kilometers (124 miles). But rare “super-deep” diamonds may have formed as far down as 700 kilometers (435 miles) below the surface. These crystals are then brought to the surface in volcanic rock known as kimberlite.   The mantle's outermost zone is relatively cool and rigid. It behaves more like the crust above it. Together, this uppermost part of the mantle layer and the crust are known as the lithosphere. The crust   Earth's crust is like the shell of a hard-boiled egg. It is extremely thin, cold and brittle compared to what lies below it. The crust is made of relatively light elements, especially silica, aluminum and oxygen. It's also highly variable in its thickness. Under the oceans (and Hawaiian Islands), it may be as little as 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) thick. Beneath the continents, the crust may be 30 to 70 kilometers (18.6 to 43.5 miles) thick.   Along with the upper zone of the mantle, the crust is broken into big pieces, like a gigantic jigsaw puzzle. These are known as tectonic plates. These move slowly — at just 3 to 5 centimeters (1.2 to 2 inches) per year. What drives the motion of tectonic plates is still not fully understood. It may be related to heat-driven convection currents in the mantle below. Some scientists think it's caused by the tug from slabs of crust of different densities, something called “slab pull.” In time, these plates will converge, pull apart or slide past each other. Those actions cause most earthquakes and volcanoes. It's a slow ride, but it makes for exciting times right here on Earth's surface.   https://www.imdb.com/list/ls003260126/?sort=user_rating,desc&st_dt=&mode=detail&page=1   BECOME A P.O.O.P.R.!! http://www.patreon.com/themidnighttrainpodcast   Find The Midnight Train Podcast: www.themidnighttrainpodcast.com www.facebook.com/themidnighttrainpodcast www.twitter.com/themidnighttrainpc www.instagram.com/themidnighttrainpodcast www.discord.com/themidnighttrainpodcast www.tiktok.com/themidnighttrainp   And wherever you listen to your favorite podcasts.   Subscribe to our official YouTube channel: OUR YOUTUBE   Support our sponsors www.themidnighttraintrainpodcast.com/sponsors   The Charley Project www.charleyproject.org

This episode is also available as a blog post: http://quiteaquote.in/2020/10/21/martin-gardner-history-of-boneheads/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/quiteaquote/message

In 1818, Army veteran John Cleves Symmes Jr. declared that the earth was hollow and proposed to lead an expedition to its interior. He promoted the theory in lectures and even won support on Capitol Hill. In this week's episode of the Futility Closet podcast we'll describe Symmes' strange project and its surprising consequences. We'll also revisit age fraud in sports and puzzle over a curious customer. Intro: Grazing cattle align their bodies with magnetic north. The Conrad Cantzen Shoe Fund buys footwear for actors. Sources for our feature on John Cleves Symmes Jr.: David Standish, Hollow Earth: The Long and Curious History of Imagining Strange Lands, Fantastical Creatures, Advanced Civilizations, and Marvelous Machines Below the Earth's Surface, 2007. Peter Fitting, ed., Subterranean Worlds: A Critical Anthology, 2004. Martin Gardner, Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science, 1986. Paul Collins, Banvard's Folly: Thirteen Tales of Renowned Obscurity, Famous Anonymity, and Rotten Luck, 2015. Americus Symmes, The Symmes Theory of Concentric Spheres: Demonstrating That the Earth Is Hollow, Habitable Within, and Widely Open About the Poles, 1878. James McBride and John Cleves Symmes, Symmes's Theory of Concentric Spheres: Demonstrating That the Earth Is Hollow, Habitable Within, and Widely Open About the Poles, 1826. Adam Seaborn, Symzonia: A Voyage of Discovery, 1820. Donald Prothero, "The Hollow Earth," Skeptic 25:3 (2020), 18-23, 64. Elizabeth Hope Chang, "Hollow Earth Fiction and Environmental Form in the Late Nineteenth Century," Nineteenth-Century Contexts 38:5 (2016), 387-397. Marissa Fessenden, "John Quincy Adams Once Approved an Expedition to the Center of the Earth," smithsonianmag.com, May 7, 2015. Daniel Loxton, "Journey Inside the Fantastical Hollow Earth: Part One," Skeptic 20:1 (2015), 65-73. "Journey Inside the Fantastical Hollow Earth: Part Two," Skeptic 20:2 (2015), 65-73. Matt Simon, "Fantastically Wrong: The Real-Life Journey to the Center of the Earth That Almost Was," Wired, Oct. 29, 2014. Kirsten Møllegaard and Robin K. Belcher, "Death, Madness, and the Hero's Journey: Edgar Allan Poe's Antarctic Adventures," International Journal of Arts & Sciences 6:1 (2013) 413-427. Michael E. Bakich, "10 Crazy Ideas From Astronomy's Past," Astronomy 38:8 (August 2010), 32-35. Darryl Jones, "Ultima Thule: Arthur Gordon Pym, the Polar Imaginary, and the Hollow Earth," Edgar Allan Poe Review 11:1 (Spring 2010), 51-69. Johan Wijkmark, "Poe's Pym and the Discourse of Antarctic Exploration," Edgar Allan Poe Review 10:3 (Winter 2009), 84-116. Donald Simanek, "The Shape of the Earth -- Flat or Hollow?" Skeptic 13:4 (2008), 68-71, 80. Duane A. Griffin, "Hollow and Habitable Within: Symmes's Theory of Earth's Internal Structure and Polar Geography," Physical Geography 25:5 (2004), 382-397. Tim Harris, "Where All the Geese and Salmon Go," The Age, July 22, 2002. Victoria Nelson, "Symmes Hole, or the South Polar Romance," Raritan 17:2 (Fall 1997), 136-166. Hans-Joachim Lang and Benjamin Lease, "The Authorship of Symzonia: The Case for Nathaniel Ames," New England Quarterly 48:2 (June 1975), 241-252. Conway Zirkle, "The Theory of Concentric Spheres: Edmund Halley, Cotton Mather, & John Cleves Symmes," Isis 37:3/4 (July 1947), 155-159. William Marion Miller, "The Theory of Concentric Spheres," Isis 33:4 (December 1941), 507-514. "John Cleves Symmes, the Theorist: Second Paper," Southern Bivouac 2:10 (March 1887), 621-631. Will Storr, "Journey to the Centre of the Earth," Sunday Telegraph, July 13, 2014. Richard Foot, "Believers Look for Fog-Shrouded Gate to Inner Earth," Vancouver Sun, May 30, 2007. Umberto Eco, "Outlandish Theories: Kings of the (Hollow) World," New York Times, July 21, 2006. Mark Pilkington, "Far Out: Going Underground," Guardian, June 16, 2005. Leigh Allan, "Theory Had Holes In It, Layers, Too," Dayton Daily News, Dec. 11, 2001. Tom Tiede, "John Symmes: Earth Is Hollow," [Bowling Green, Ky.] Park City Daily News, July 9, 1978. Louis B. Wright, "Eccentrics, Originals, and Still Others Ahead of Their Times," New York Times, July 21, 1957. "Sailing Through the Earth!" Shepparton [Victoria] Advertiser, March 24, 1936. "People Inside the Earth Excited America in 1822," The Science News-Letter 27:728 (March 23, 1935), 180-181. "Monument to a Dead Theory," Port Gibson [Miss.] Reveille, Jan. 20, 1910. "Story of John Symmes: His Plan to Lead an Expedition to the Interior of the Earth," New York Times, Sept. 18, 1909. "The Delusion of Symmes," New York Times, Sept. 10, 1909. "Symmes' Hole," Horsham [Victoria] Times, May 18, 1897. "An Arctic Theory Gone Mad," New York Times, May 12, 1884. "Symmes's Theory: His Son Expounds It -- The Earth Hollow and Inhabited," New York Times, Dec. 2, 1883. "Planetary Holes," New York Times, June 14, 1878. "Symmes and Howgate: What the Believer in the Polar Opening Thinks of the Latter's Plan of Reaching the Open Polar Sea," New York Times, Feb. 24, 1877. "In the Bowels of the Earth," Ballarat Courier, March 14, 1876. "Symmes' Hole," New York Times, Dec. 24, 1875. Lester Ian Chaplow, "Tales of a Hollow Earth: Tracing the Legacy of John Cleves Symmes in Antarctic Exploration and Fiction," thesis, University of Canterbury, 2011. Listener mail: "Danny Almonte," Wikipedia (accessed June 27, 2021). Tom Kludt, "Age-Old Problem: How Easy Is It for Athletes to Fake Their Birthdates?" Guardian, March 16, 2021. "Age Fraud in Association Football," Wikipedia (accessed July 3, 2021). Muthoni Muchiri, "Age Fraud in Football: How Can It Be Tackled?" BBC News, April 26, 2019. Dina Fine Maron, "Dear FIFA: There Is No Scientific Test to Prevent Age Fraud," Scientific American, Aug. 11, 2016. This week's lateral thinking puzzle is taken from Agnes Rogers' 1953 book How Come? A Book of Riddles, sent to us by listener Jon Jerome. You can listen using the player above, download this episode directly, or subscribe on Google Podcasts, on Apple Podcasts, or via the RSS feed at https://futilitycloset.libsyn.com/rss. Please consider becoming a patron of Futility Closet -- you can choose the amount you want to pledge, and we've set up some rewards to help thank you for your support. You can also make a one-time donation on the Support Us page of the Futility Closet website. Many thanks to Doug Ross for the music in this episode. If you have any questions or comments you can reach us at podcast@futilitycloset.com. Thanks for listening!

Neste episódio vamos conversar sobre Martin Gardner e Julio Cesar de Mello e Souza. Duas pessoas que ajudaram, cada um em seu nicho, a tirar a visão de que matemática é uma coisa difícil e dolorosa, dando oportunidade a todos de perceberem as suas maravilhas. Documentário sobre Martin Gardner: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eTd2gqH92sU&t=608s Podcast Número Imaginário sobre paradoxos: https://numeroimaginario.wordpress.com/2016/01/15/episodio-012-verdade-incompletude-e-o-paradoxo-do-mentiroso/ Livros mais populares de Professor Julio Cesar O homem que calculava Mil histórias sem fim Matemática divertida e curiosa

Finally! A card trick. You wanted an interactive radio card trick, you have it. Yes, all you have to do is ask. Credits: NORD, Bill, “The Magic of Manhattan”, in Martin Gardner's MATHEMATICS, MAGIC AND MYSTERY, Dover Publications Inc., 1956, p. 20.

Good morning, RVA! It's 56 °F, and coolish temperatures remain today. Andrew Freiden says you can expect humidity to make its sticky return, though, and possibly bring with it some rain. Temperatures steadily increase from here straight on through to the middle of next week. Enjoy what looks to be a pretty great weekend!Water coolerAs of this morning, the Virginia Department of Health reports the seven-day average of new COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths as: 134, 10, and 6, respectively. VDH reports a seven-day average of 11.4 new cases in and around Richmond (Richmond: 3.1; Henrico: 4.4, and Chesterfield: 3.9). Since this pandemic began, 1,353 people have died in the Richmond region. 46.0%, 57.5%, and 54.0% of the population in Richmond, Henrico, and Chesterfield have received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. I know we're nearing the end of the usefulness of all these charts I have, but you should really take a look at this week's stacked chart of new cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. Look at that precipitous drop in new cases and that strong steady decline in new hospitalizations! There are probably lots of reasons why we're seeing these dramatic decreases, but they all match up pretty well with the middle of April, when Virginia opened up vaccination to the general public.I like this line from a column in the Richmond Times-Dispatch about how scientists can and should reach out to folks who are hesitant about getting a COVID-19 vaccine, “To be clear, I am not shaming Thomas. I frequent Starbucks twice a day because I know that the vaccines are just as safe as my caramel latte.” I think a lot of the vaccine work over the next several months means making vaccination as regular, commonplace, and boring (but life-giving nonetheless) as your morning coffee.Yesterday, Brendan King at WTVR celebrates the third anniversary of the Pulse—and I totally missed it! The Pulse had such smashing success its first two years of operation, and it still exists after an entire year of pandemic so I'm counting that as a big win. King also talk to Dr. Scientist Jeremy Hoffman who reminds us that, “Really, it is transportation that's driving our contribution to global climate change. What's one way that we can tackle that? It's investing in reliable, frequent, public transit.” He said this while literally getting on the Pulse, which is beyond charming. Next up for rapid transit in our region will be painting the bus-only lanes red this coming spring and using that pile of new regional transportation money to start planing for a second BRT (most likely a north-south route).Quick City Council update: It looks like the Land Use, Housing and Transportation committee decided to continue that laundry list of changes to Richmond 300 for another month. Because I'm a delight at parties, I love keeping track of which legislation has been kicking around on City Council's agenda the longest, and, turns out, it is this very same resolution (RES. 2021-R026)! Introduced on April 26th, it's now 60 days old—which is nowhere near Council's record but now definitely something I will keep an eye on.It's Infrastructure Week! Again! Yesterday, the Senate came to an agreement on $579 billion in new spending on our country's infrastructure—with lots of that earmarked for roads and bridges ($312 billion). For insight on federal transportation-related things I always turn to the Ubran Institute's Yonah Freemark, and, if you're interested, you should spend some time scrolling through his timeline this morning. Fascinating to me, is that it sounds like Biden will only sign this bipartisan bill if it's paired with another massive bill that can be passed through the 50-vote reconciliation process. Here's a quote from the president, “If this is the only thing that comes to me, I'm not signing it…It's in tandem.” So we'll see if we get any of the promised investment in health care, child care, high education, and climate change in the coming months.This morning's longreadEdgar Allan Poe's Other ObsessionAs a Richmonder, I feel obligated to link to Poe stuff.By 1840, Poe was working at a men's magazine, where he launched a feature called “A Chapter on Science and Art,” consisting of the sorts of squibs on innovation later found in Popular Mechanics. (“A gentleman of Liverpool announces that he has invented a new engine,” one entry started.) With this column, Tresch suggests, “Poe made himself one of America's first science reporters.” He also made himself one of America's first popular skeptics—a puzzle master and a debunker, in the vein of Martin Gardner. Poe wrote a column on riddles and enigmas, and he made a gleeful habit of exposing pseudoscience quacks.If you'd like your longread to show up here, go chip in a couple bucks on the ol' Patreon.Picture of the Day

Grab your sticks and join Jeb and Blake as they go looking for water flowing underground. Same as it ever was? Not hardly. Special content in this episode courtesy Sharon Hill. Be sure and check out her article on dowsing for water at Spooky Geology. The "earth, air, fire, and water" idea comes from Empedocles.  Early in the episode Francis Hitching holds up a stack of paperbacks. I looked them all up (affiliate link to Amazon). The stack of books he puts down includes: Dowsing: One Man's Way by J. Scott Elliot Dowsing, Water Witches, and Divining Rods for the Millions by Howard V. Chambers Modern Dowsing: The Dowser's Handbook by Raymond Willey Practical Dowsing by A. H. Bell Pendulum Power (1977 edition shown) by Greg Nielsen and Joseph Polansky And finally: Dowsing: The PSI Connection by Christopher Hitching Tom Graves Author of "The Diviner's Handbook: A guide to the timeless art of Dowsing" (1986) Book online https://leanpub.com/needlesofstone/read He's still alive, still writing, and has a Twitter account. When he's not writing fiction and new age - he's an IT and Business consultant of 30 years. Inner London Educational Authority https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_London_Education_Authority The dry well belongs to John Mitchell. He calls in Dr. Arthur Bailey. Former president of British Society of Dowsers An article by Dr. BaileyDr Arthur Bailey was a senior lecturer in Electronics and Electrical Engineering at the University of Bradford. At some point he got very interested in botanical healing and founded Bailey Flower Essences - which sold plant essences and was closely affiliated with homeopathy.   This episode really inspired me to some show-notes silliness.   The episode had some stunning visuals in it. This looked like an album cover to me.     We don't know who THIS guy is, but he probably was trying to hide from all the Muggles.   Pat Lucas was the only professional British female dowser. The "biofeedback" device from the episode:   And then there's THIS machine - the one used by Harry Lovegrove. New Scientist (New Scientist Feb 16, 1978) article discussing Lovegrove using child's dowsing kit for "amazing results" at "laying down dowsing lines." Whatever that means. The SPR has a lengthy article about dowsing that includes believer and skeptical content. Stan Shepherd - the dowser and well driller. We're of mixed opinions. I think it looks like he's having a heart attack, Jeb prefers the idea that he's having a fart attack. And Stan was just going with the flow.   We also mentioned Martin Gardner and his book Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science. 

ANTIC Interview 408 - David Maynard, Electronic Arts Worms? David Maynard created the game/simulation "Worms?" Published by Electronic Arts in 1983, it was a launch title -- one of the five initial releases from the company. David, one of EA's first employees, wrote Worms? for the Atari 8-bit in FORTH. It was later ported to the Commodore 64. Worms is an interactive version of Paterson's Worms, a family of cellular automata devised in 1971 by Mike Paterson and John Conway. It is an unusual program, in which the player teaches wormlike creatures how to move on a hexagonal grid -- what direction to move in various situations. The worm's goal is to to grow and survive, and to capture more space on the grid than its competitors. Up to four worms could play simultaneously, with any combination of human- and computer-controlled worms. But the program's manual didn't tell you all that straight off. In fact, here's the first thing you saw after opening the package: "You will find detailed instructions enclosed. Do not read them. Instead, sit down and get started. Don't ask how. Just start. You know how these things work... Resist them. Do not read them for a very long time. In fact, do not read them until you know how the game works... Then never read the instructions. Innocence is bliss." David also collaborated on Cut & Paste, a word processor published by Electronic Arts in 1984. After our interview, David sent me a binder of Worms? development documentation and source code for Atari 8-bit and Commodore 64, all of which I have scanned and are available at Internet Archive and GitHub. The originals are going to the Strong Museum of Play, at David's request. This interview took place on March 4, 2021. Worms? source code for Atari 8-bit and Commodore 64 Scans of printed Worms? source code Worms? Development Notes David's blog Worms? at AtariMania Michael Beeler's original Paterson's Worms paper Martin Gardner's article in Scientific American Darworms, Javascript version of Worms? Darworms instructions and explanation More Paterson's worm math EA We See Farther poster  This interview at YouTube 

George Parker Bidder was born with a surprising gift: He could do complex arithmetic in his head. His feats of calculation would earn for him a university education, a distinguished career in engineering, and fame throughout 19th-century England. In this week's episode of the Futility Closet podcast, we'll describe his remarkable ability and the stunning displays he made with it. We'll also try to dodge some foul balls and puzzle over a leaky ship. Intro: John Clem joined the Union Army at age 10. Actress Tippi Hedren kept an African lion as a house pet in the 1970s. Sources for our feature on George Bidder: E.F. Clark, George Parker Bidder: The Calculating Boy, 1983. Steven Bradley Smith, The Great Mental Calculators: The Psychology, Methods, and Lives of Calculating Prodigies, Past and Present, 1983. Frank D. Mitchell, Mathematical Prodigies, 1907. Henry Budd Howell, A Foundational Study in the Pedagogy of Arithmetic, 1914. A.W. Skempton and Mike Chrimes, A Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland: 1500-1830, 2002. George Eyre Evans, Midland Churches: A History of the Congregations on the Roll of the Midland Christian Union, 1899. David Singmaster, "George Parker Bidder: The Calculating Boy by E.F. Clark," Mathematical Gazette 71:457 (October 1987), 252-254. Antony Anderson, "Fairgrounds to Railways With Numbers," New Scientist 100:1385 (Nov. 24, 1983), 581. Frank D. Mitchell, "Mathematical Prodigies," American Journal of Psychology 18:1 (January 1907), 61-143. Richard A. Proctor, "Calculating Boys," Belgravia Magazine 38:152 (June 1879), 450-470. Martin Gardner, "Mathematical Games," Scientific American 216:4 (April 1967), 116-123. "A Short Account of George Bidder, the Celebrated Mental Calculator: With a Variety of the Most Difficult Questions, Proposed to Him at the Principal Towns in the Kingdom, and His Surprising Rapid Answers, Etc.," pamphlet, 1821. Louis McCreery, "Mathematical Prodigies," Mathematics News Letter 7:7/8 (April-May 1933), 4-12. "Memoirs of Deceased Members," Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 57 (1878-1879), Part III, 294. "George Parker Bidder," Devon Notes and Queries, Vol. 2, 1903. "Calculating Boys," Strand 10 (1895), 277-280. "Bidder, George Parker," Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911. H.T. Wood, "Bidder, George Parker," Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Sept. 23, 2004. Listener mail: Todd S. Purdum, "His Best Years Past, Veteran in Debt Sells Oscar He Won," New York Times, Aug. 7, 1992. "In Financial Straits, Actor Sells '46 Oscar," Chicago Tribune, Aug. 7, 1992. "Harold Russell Selling 'Best Years of Our Lives' Oscar," Los Angeles Times, July 31, 1992. Heathcliff Rothman, "I'd Really Like to Thank My Pal at the Auction House," New York Times, Feb. 12, 2006. Stephen Ceasar, "You Can't Put a Price on Oscar: Even Heirs of Winners Are Bound by Rules Against Selling the Statue," Los Angeles Times, Feb. 25, 2016. "Orson Welles' Citizen Kane Oscar Auctioned in US," BBC News, Dec. 21, 2011. Allen St. John, "Does Japanese Baseball Have the Answer for MLB's Dangerous Foul Ball Problem?", Forbes, Sept. 30, 2017. "Foul Balls in Japanese Baseball," Real Sports With Bryant Gumbel, HBO, April 20, 2016. "A Look at Some Extended Protective Nettings in the KBO and NPB," Fan Interference, Feb, 2, 2016. Andrew W. Lehren and Michelle Tak, "Every Major League Baseball Team Will Expand Netting to Protect Fans From Foul Balls," NBC News, Dec. 11, 2019. Bill Shaikin, "A Lawsuit Could Make Baseball Teams Liable for Foul Balls That Injure Fans," Los Angeles Times, Feb 20, 2020. This week's lateral thinking puzzle was contributed by listener Jon Jerome. You can listen using the player above, download this episode directly, or subscribe on Google Podcasts, on Apple Podcasts, or via the RSS feed at https://futilitycloset.libsyn.com/rss. Please consider becoming a patron of Futility Closet -- you can choose the amount you want to pledge, and we've set up some rewards to help thank you for your support. You can also make a one-time donation on the Support Us page of the Futility Closet website. Many thanks to Doug Ross for the music in this episode. If you have any questions or comments you can reach us at podcast@futilitycloset.com. Thanks for listening!

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The Anthropic Principle (AP), in its many forms, attempts to explain why our observations of the physical universe are compatible with the life observed in it. From the Weak AP (WAP), which in one form states that "conditions that are observed in the universe must allow the observer to exist", to the Strong AP (SAP) which in one version states that: “The Universe (and hence the fundamental parameters on which it depends) must be such as to admit the creation of observers within it at some stage,” they all try to answer the question of why there is life in the universe, or why the fundamental constants are the way they are. But, do any of these principles add anything to our understanding of the ultimate question of life and the universe? Perhaps the best answer is embedded in Martin Gardner's sarcastic proposal of the Completely Ridiculous Anthropic Principle (CRAP): “At the instant the Omega Point is reached, life will have gained control of all matter and forces not only in a single universe, but in all universes whose existence is logically possible; life will have spread into all spatial regions in all universes which could logically exist, and will have stored an infinite amount of information, including all bits of knowledge which it is logically possible to know. And this is the end.” Sped up the speakers by [1.0, 1.0023674075121018]

A popularidade do matemático John Horton Conway está associada ao autômato celular que desenvolveu e que foi febre entre cientistas e programadores há 50 anos quando Martin Gardner falou sobre o "Jogo da Vida" em sua coluna na Scientific American. Mas Conway fez também inúmeras outras contribuições importantes para a matemática, em áreas como teoria de grupos, topologia, geometria, teoria de números, teoria de jogos e várias outras, tendo trabalhado também com matemática recreativa e até com mecânica quântica. Conway faleceu em abril de 2020, aos 82 anos, de complicações causadas pela COVID-19. Sua carreira certamente foi fundamental para modificar a percepção que as pessoas têm da matemática, tendo inspirado gerações de cientistas, programadores e nerds em geral. É para render homenagem a John Conway e sua obra que Jeferson Arenzon (IF-UFRGS) conversa neste episódio com Ney Lemke, professor do Inst. de Biociências de Botucatu da UNESP. Produção e edição: Jeferson Arenzon Créditos da Imagem: Jeferson Arenzon

Wo holt man sich als erstes Informationen über ein Buch her, wenn nicht aus einer kommentierten Ausgabe? Vor allem einer so wundervollen? In dieser kurzen Bonusfolge stellt Marock die Ausgabe »The Annotated Alice – Definite Edition« mit den beiden Alice-Büchern von Lewis Carroll und kommentiert von Martin Gardner vor sowie die deutsche Ausgabe »Alles über Alice«. Video zur Folge: https://youtu.be/MoVS7OYRkWI Wer das Buch gerne kaufen und uns dabei unterstützen möchte, kann das gerne über diesen Link tun: https://amzn.to/2ZpzZPy bzw. https://amzn.to/2ZwsIgE Danke fürs Zuhören, noch größeres Danke für den Daumen, eine tiefe Verbeugung für einen Kommentar mit Lob, Kritik oder sonstiger Rückmeldung und ein virtueller Handkuss fürs Teilen und Weitererzählen. Und ein digitales Abendessen bei Kerzenlicht fürs Abonnieren des Podcasts! https://ndt0y8.podcaster.de/wortgewalt.rss Zieht Euch auch den epischen Trailer zu Wörtgewalt rein: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hzN3gJ7v_Oc Schaut auch auf unseren Seiten vorbei: • Wörtwerk https://www.facebook.com/wortwerk.grobberatur • Der Kowal https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100000160297590 • Marock Bierlej http://www.marockandroll.de & https://www.instagram.com/marockbierlej/ & https://www.patreon.com/marockbierlej/

The Modern Science of Mental Health #TheModernScienceofMentalHealth Dianetics (from Greek dia, meaning "through", and nous, meaning "mind") is a set of ideas and practices regarding the metaphysical relationship between the mind and body created by science fiction writer L. Ron Hubbard. Dianetics is practiced by followers of Scientology[1][2] and the Nation of Islam (as of 2010).[3]weki #Dianetics divides the mind into three parts: the conscious "analytical mind", the subconscious "reactive mind", and the somatic mind.[4] The goal of Dianetics is to erase the content of the "reactive mind", which practitioners believe interferes with a person's ethics, awareness, happiness, and sanity. The Dianetics procedure to achieve this erasure is called "auditing".[5] In auditing, the Dianetic auditor asks a series of questions (or commands) which are intended to help a person locate and deal with painful past experiences.[6] Scientific rejection Hubbard's original book on #Dianetics attracted highly critical reviews from science and medical writers and organizations. The American Psychological Association passed a resolution in 1950 calling "attention to the fact that these claims are not supported by empirical evidence of the sort required for the establishment of scientific generalizations."[73][74] Subsequently, Dianetics has achieved no acceptance as a scientific theory, and scientists cite Dianetics as an example of a pseudoscience.[75][76] weki Few scientific investigations into the effectiveness of Dianetics have been published. Professor John A. Lee states in his 1970 evaluation of Dianetics: Objective experimental verification of Hubbard's physiological and psychological doctrines is lacking. To date, no regular scientific agency has established the validity of his theories of prenatal perception and engrams, or cellular memory, or Dianetic reverie, or the effects of Scientology auditing routines. Existing knowledge contradicts Hubbard's theory of recording of perceptions during periods of unconsciousness.[77] The MEDLINE database records two independent scientific studies on Dianetics, both conducted in the 1950s under the auspices of New York University. Harvey Jay Fischer tested Dianetics therapy against three claims made by proponents and found it does not effect any significant changes in intellectual functioning, mathematical ability, or the degree of personality conflicts;[78] Jack Fox tested Hubbard's thesis regarding recall of engrams, with the assistance of the Dianetic Research Foundation, and could not substantiate it.[79] Commentators from a variety of backgrounds have described Dianetics as an example of pseudoscience. For example, philosophy professor Robert Carroll points to Dianetics' lack of empirical evidence: What Hubbard touts as a science of mind lacks one key element that is expected of a science: empirical testing of claims. The key elements of #Hubbard's so-called science don't seem testable, yet he repeatedly claims that he is asserting only scientific facts and data from many experiments. It isn't even clear what such "data" would look like. Most of his data is in the form of anecdotes and speculations ... Such speculation is appropriate in fiction, but not in science.[80] The validity and practice of auditing have been questioned by a variety of non-Scientologist commentators. Commenting on the example cited by Winter, the science writer Martin Gardner asserts that "nothing could be clearer from the above dialogue than the fact that the dianetic explanation for the headache existed only in the mind of the therapist, and that it was with considerable difficulty that the patient was maneuvered into accepting it."[81] Other critics and medical experts have suggested that Dianetic auditing is a form of hypnosis.[82][83][84] weki --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/vegansteven/message

When we're young, we have an amazing positive outlook about how great life is going to be. But somewhere along the line we forget to dream and end up settling. join up dots features amazing people who refuse to give up and chose to go after their dreams. This is your blueprint for greatness. So here's your host live from the back of his garden in the UK, David Ralph. David Ralph 0:26 Yes, hello there. Good morning. Good morning to you across the world. Thank you so much for being here. And I really do mean it because I know that there's so many different podcasts out there. And there's different YouTube channels and your time is being taken up by by tweets and posts and sliding apps and sliding down to the sliding sideways and sliding. You know, when I was young, there was only one bit of sliding that I like to do. And that's when snow hit. But now you slide all the time wherever you go, yes, sliding. I've actually been given these sliders. I don't know if they're called sliders across the world. But they're like kind of sandals that you just kind of slide your feet in. And apparently, apparently, you're not supposed to wear socks with them. Now I am coming up 50. So I'm at the time of life. when I say to my family, nobody knows me. And I don't care. And my family say "But you can't go out like that Dad, you can't go out in your sliders." "Well, if you want a lift in my car, then you're gonna have to put up with it. Because I'm not going back in to put my shoes on." So there you go. There you go. I'm in control of my own life, my own destiny. So how are we doing out there? I hope you are all good and rocking and rolling. Because that's what this show is all about. And it really is. It's not just a show. Now, how can I express this more clearly? This isn't about a show, it's just not one way. It's not just me. And one of the findings of the show, I think so I think so many podcasts bear with this is it becomes a bit like a radio station where you just turn it on and you listen. But the most brilliant podcasts and the most engaged podcasts are the ones when you guys provide the content, you guys give us questions you give us inspiration and stimulation to provide the voice that we can sort of put back into the world. And that's what we're trying to do in join up dots. We we don't get a lot of questions, and then they come in a little Flurry. But we are, as we say, last week, we've launched the local community support groups that gratitude groups where we got them linked up through the world. And I Yes, me, actually me. Yes, yes, yes, I actually spend all day on Friday opening Facebook groups that I can then start connecting with and what I want to do, I want to not only connect with them, but I want to be a help to broadcast live from join up dots into some kind of video system. So it goes into all the groups. So not only do you get the voice not only do you get the voice, but you get the vision as well. Yes, you do. You get the vision of a 50 year old, haggard man coming into your life whenever he wants. And what I'm trying to do, I'm trying to connect all the motivation in the world and bring the real life stories so you become part of it. join up dots is circulating you. So we have got so far we've got Missouri, we've got Memphis, we've got Auckland, we've got Hobart just being built in Tasmania. We've got Yorkshire in England, back Cher bed for cheer, Suffolk f6. Kent, a little bit of warehouse, a few more can't be where they are now North Hampton sheer Yes, we've got North Hampton here as well, because there's a guy called Martin Gardner in there. And he's waiting, he's waiting for people to join him. And what we want to do is have you guys every day being able to reinvent your circle of influence. So so many of us get surrounded by these people that basically bring us down and they're not interested in changing their lives. They're not interested in building online income into their lives. And so you go out for a drink with them. And you mentioned things yet, and you're not going to do that. Yeah. What's the point in doing that? I've heard somebody else do that. It didn't work. And they fed all that kind of negativity stuff. And push that away and get surrounded by people that go, yeah, brilliant. That's a great idea. But how about this, have you thought about doing it this way, and not only in your local communities, so Yorkshire and let Aberdeen cheer there's a number one number, and Northern Ireland and wherever you are in the world. Not only that, but we can bring the best ideas from all the groups and just make an absolute swell. Now, all we've got to do is jump over to join up dots, look at the local support, whoops, and I ever click on the group, if it's already made. And if it's not made, tell us you want a group made, and Ben start inviting people in. Now what we always find in everything, it takes time to get going because so many people out there are followers, and they won't take that first action. They want to see what other people are doing before they jump in. And believe me, that's not what makes success. What makes success is you deciding to do something on your own back, well, not literally on your own back, because that that leads me into a conversation totally different. But to do it on your own terms, that's better. That's what I should have said, to do it on your own terms. And even if nobody else is doing it, to do it. Now I spend 95% of my time doing stuff, but I don't know if it's gonna work or not. But I still do it. And I would say 50% of the time it works 25% of the time, it really works and to 5% is now probably a bit different from that, I would say 50% of the time, it doesn't work 25% of the time it does work and 25%, it really works. So I spend literally all my time 50% of my day, by eating constantly. But I'm still willing to do that. So if you are wanting to connect with people, and actually make a difference in your life, get a circle of influence of people that are inspirational and motivational. And they're looking to change their lives, and most importantly, are in your area. So if you've been wanting to meet up and do some community group setups, then you can do and as I say come across to the local support group. Now that's on join up dots. Of course it is. Now one of the things that I'm big on in these groups is keeping your head in the game keeping gratitude front and center. And yesterday was Father's Day. Yes, it was, which is why this podcast is a little bit late. Normally I sort of bang one out on a on a Sunday. But the yesterday know you're not going to your office, it's Father's Day, I can do what I want. No you can't, you've got to come out for dinner with us. Yeah, but after that can I do know you've got to do this. But well, with bloody Father's Day, I should be able to do what I want. Anyhow, I wasn't allowed. So this podcast is a little bit late. But it's good. Because I was given a job. It's like a sort of big sweetie jar with one of those metal hinges that you clip and then you pull down really tight on the top. And so you can keep things all fresh in there. And I suppose you can put sweets in there or candy as a saying our brains across America and or dried fruit or whatever you want to put you can put in you can put cannabis you can put anything you want in it's a job. Now within this job, my daughter has put, she said that she wanted to do 365 but she ran out about 90. And every day I reach in and I pick out I have a phrase that might be sort of motivational and inspirational. Or it might be something but I say and yesterday's one was. Yeah, yesterday's one. Apparently I say I've had more hot dinners. And you've done that. Now. I don't think I do say that. But I might do it sounds like something Come on, say but today's one I've reached in and this is this is the point that the whole show, this is the point of it. Everything you imagine can be real. Now think about that. Everything you imagine can be real. Now, in the world of business in the world of online adventure and Daring Do. Basically they say you create it twice. The first thing is when you think about it in your head, anything is good. Yeah, I could do this. And then you create it again, in the real world. And certainly in join up dots. My first thought was, I would like to have a podcast. So I made that happen event, I thought I'd like to do some coaching my happen when I want to connect the world in the local support groups, which I really, really hope you guys can sort of jump in, and so that we can get it moving, because it does take a while but you know, help me out. Help me out guys, I'm doing it from this side. And if you can just click on and, you know, take part every day or whenever you want, it really will help me. So everything you imagine can be real. So whatever you're doing in your life at the moment, you made it happen, you might be going to a job where you saw have a job, you went for the interview, you got the job, you're now doing the job, you made that happen. Now, the problem with that is 90% of what you're making happen in that environment, you're giving away to somebody else, not only are you giving away the bulk of the profits, you know, nobody's going to take you on in a job and say, right, okay, we can pay you 30 grand a year. And that is everything that you're going to bring into the business that makes it we're just keep you that you're basically making 100 grand for that company, you're making 200 grand, and that company is taking those profits that you're allowing to build up and giving you a tiny, teeny, weeny share. Okay, which doesn't sound good to me, it really doesn't sound good. And yeah, I tell you, I read this the other day, they reckon within 10 years, 62% of the jobs in America will be at risk 62% whether it's automation, whether it's faster processes, whatever, 62%. So if you're sitting there now and you're thinking, Oh, I'm on, I'm in a job, but live within 10 years, you may not be you know, there's there's only going to be a small percentage of people that are now down. And so the entrepreneurial world is where its leading, okay. And that really ties into this, everything you imagine can be real, that was what I pulled out of my jar today. So what are you creating? Are you thinking about creating more and more income in your life? Which is brilliant? Are you thinking of creating more and more freedom in your life? Or are you thinking of creating more and more choice in your life, you know, through join up dots. It was horrendous. You know, I say that all the time. Because I really want you to realize, but everything I talked about is grounded in reality. I'm never going to be one of these people that go out. Yeah, you can just jump on. Spend some time with me. And within four weeks, you're going to make 100 million pounds. No, you know, I can spend time with you. And I can give you the clarity. And I can give you the understanding and the business structure, I can give you all that. But you've still got to build it, you've still got to go out there and actually do the work. And through join up dots. I realized the other day that I literally have the three elements, I have the money, but I have the time I want and I had the choice that I want. So that's kind of financially independent, location independent, and time independent. And I don't think you can do better than that. So I can literally say to anyone, yeah, I'll do that today. That's fine. Just move things around in my calendar sort things out. How many of you out there can say that? How many of you can say yeah, okay, this Thursday, I'll play go for this Wednesday, I can do that. I come back to you in an hour, shift things around, and we will be there. I think they are the three key pillars, time, location, and choice, and money. And if you get all of those, you really cooking on gas. And guess what people Guess what? Everything you imagine can be real. So you can do that, you can make that happen. And I really want to make it happen with you, I want to really push you through to where you want to be. And one of the key things is getting you surrounded by people. So I'm gonna, I'm gonna keep on banging on about this, and you will get fed up with it. Because I'm not promoting it to make money, this, this isn't something that I'm doing to make money. So this is a passion project, because I know it's right. And I know it will make a difference. And so all my effort at the moment is going into getting you guys to start connecting with each other in the local support groups to get you away from the negativity and the Twitter and the Facebook, where it's just people going out for dinner and all that kind of stuff. And just have you surrounded so that imagination can start occurring. And you can see people in your vicinity, but doing something, you know, I coached quite a few people in Essex. And more often than not, they say one of the things that made them decide to join me my coaching platform was that I was local to them. And so it seemed more believable. Somehow it's a more believable that somebody just around the corner, talk to them has actually done the thing that I want to do or whatever, more events, somebody in Ontario, or somewhere in Africa, or whatever, but you can connect on Skype and zoom and whatever. So imagine, imagine, imagine, everything you imagine can be real, start imagining, get out there and start thinking about things and start looking around at things and start thinking to yourself, I quite fancy doing that, I'd really do. But I don't know how to do it, when I'm people that are already doing it and start picking their brains and start getting that vibration, that gratitude vibration going through you. Because if you can do that, then you are more than 50% better, I would say you're 70% better. And then the 30 it's just persistence, clarity, and knowledge of your subject. Not too hard. It really isn't. Until next time, my young patterns, thank you so much for being here. I think on Wednesday is going to be another solo show. Again, because I've got a lot of things I want to talk to you and they don't fit into any interview format. But we've got quite a few interviews coming up as well. You're going to get what you want, you're gonna get what join up dots is all about. And hopefully I will start seeing some of you live in the group's local support groups, join up dots going click Find your group. And if you haven't got one, I will set one up for you. And then we can start connecting you with people. But more than that, please be here next time because I need you is I need you is I'm on a mission. This is a movement we're creating, and it is going to be life changing. I promise you, because I know it's going to happen. And if I know it's going to happen, I've gone past the imagination. And I'm already in the process of doing the work is going to happen. You can be part of it. Let's change lives together. Until next time, thank you so much for being here. Look after yourself, hug strangers smile, and just be grateful for what you've got because it's a good live. See you guys Cheers. Bye bye. Unknown Speaker 15:58 David doesn't want you to be become a faded version of the brilliant self you are wants to become so he's put together an amazing guide for you called the eight pieces of advice that every successful entrepreneur practices, including the two that changed his life. Head over to join up dots.com to download this amazing guide for free and we'll see you tomorrow on join up dots.

When we're young, we have an amazing positive outlook about how great life is going to be. But somewhere along the line we forget to dream and end up settling. Join Up Dots features amazing people who refuse to give up and chose to go after their dreams. This is your blueprint for greatness. So here's your host live from the back of his garden in the UK David Ralph Yes. Hello there. Good morning to you. Good morning to you and welcome to the Join Up Dots business coaching podcast. Is it a podcast? Is it a radio show? Is it I don't know what it is? I don't know what it is. But I'll tell you the audience what I've been doing. Ive been doing a lot of work behind the scenes of join up dots. A lot of people that run podcast, really focus in on iTunes and Stitcher and all the directories where you guys can just dip in and find your favorite hosts. And for many years, I did that. And I got a really good audience. But now I'm doing it through Google as well. And I'm really working hard on getting the SEO right on the show and exponential growth. That's what it's about. And if you are running a podcast out there, and you're finding that you're getting a small audience, but they're not interacting with you. You really got to think about doing it. Like a proper business. Don't just think, "Oh, I just throw a show up on to a website somewhere. And it's job done." Oh, no, you've got to work both sides. So anyhow, that's what I've been doing this week. I have been doing SEO, Search Engine Optimization on all my shows, and I've done about what 400 of them. It's like pulling teeth, but you sort of get into a routine and if you are me you need to do something else. I can't do this all day. And that's the beauty of Join Up Dots, of course I can walk away and do whatever I want. So how are you? How are you guys? Are you loving life? Are you all happy? Are you happy out there? The DJ need a hug? Do you need Mr Ralph to send these arms out like Mr. Tickle and wrap them around you? Do you remember Mr. Tickle when you as a kid? The orange Mr. Man with really long arms. I used to find it a bit creepy. There was two things in my life, that I found creepy when I was a little kid. Well three actually, you're going to go back to the 70s to get there. So a lot of this won't mean anything to anyone young. But one was Mr. Tickle. Because he's long arms could come in wherever he wanted and do stuff to you. He was like a sort of a long armed Jimmy Saville, I suppose. shouldn't have said that. But there you go. It's on a podcast is out there. The second one were like these straws called Humphries. They used to be red and white striped straws, it sounds pathetic now, but they used to nick your milk. And they used to say "Watch out, watch out. There's a Humphrey about" And these pink and white straws used to sort of bounce up and down. If you remember that from the 70s. And I haven't just gone mad, then drop me a line at join up dots@gmail.com or come over to the website and say "Yes, I remember the Humphreys and they had the same effect." And of course, the last one which I think a there isnt one person out there who wasn't freaked about this, was the child catcher from teacher Chitty Bang Bang. With the long nose and the creepy kind of tippy toe way that he used to move around and sniff. I think everybody has had that in their life. And you know, that's really scary. Because you look back on it now and you think why is it scary? My son's actually doing a media course and he's creating his own film. It's a horror film, and he's trying to do it by putting the creepy stuff in. That's not gratuitous. So it's not like stabbings and horrible things. And one of the things we were talking about the other day is why are Nursery Rhymes sung slowly creepy. Why is that creepy? I have no idea. Once again, if you know the answer, send data to me. Well, this week, I've received two or three different emails through. And we've got How many? We got three questions here. So it's not gonna be a long show today. Because it's bank holiday weekend and you want to get out into pub gardens and live your life. But of course, I will come. I'm a podcaster I have to be prepared for you. Monday morning. Okay, it's pre recorded already. But no, I will be here live on Monday morning. And you will get a show. I promise you. So anyhow, these are the three questions.   Question One "Okay. Hi, David. I'm a oral hygienist in Colombia. I listen to your show every day in Colombia. I would love to start my own business instead of working for someone else. Do you think that this is a good idea?"   Answer One Well, I of course think this business is brilliant. Now, I started thinking about it two ways recently. Now I'm teaching a guy, I won't give his business idea away, but a guy called Martin Gardner. And he is a guy from the Midlands of England. And so he talks a bit funny, he, he's got a bit of a funny voice. But other than that, he's a lovely, lovely guy. And one of the things that I've started to realize is, no matter what businesses that you create, if you learn how to grow traffic, you've got two wins. You can either drive it into your own business and create money. Or you can take traffic away from other people, and then send it back to them. So for example, shops and businesses, especially the local ones are historically poor, at web manipulation, and search engine optimization. So they throw up a website, and basically hope what they can get is enough to actually pay their bills. Now, I'm teaching Martin to create this business. And we're really excited about it, because this is gonna be a big one. But I'm absolutely convinced he's going to change his life, as has all the other businesses that we've created this year. There hasn't been one, that weve done through Join Up Dots. Well, I don't actually think through the process of working it out with the client. But I should do this, I might jump on to this first, this is a great idea. And so we've got them banging out left, right and center. Anyhow, it dawned on us, that he could actually build a business himself, or sit away from it and actually just be a middleman driving traffic through to other people's businesses. So they're getting more leads, they're getting more money into their businesses, through the skills from Martin gardener with a funny voice has got in his own. So if you are anoral hygienist, Mateo, I would say to you, youve got two ways of going. You can either be back and build a business where you are that person, and it's coming into your life. Or you can become the oral hygienist web traffic expert, and learn the ways online to drive the traffic for that type of job to other people. And when you make money from it, you sit in an office basically, and you are the manager of the traffic. So I do think that you are right on your money to start thinking about working for yourself because that is where the money is. Don't work for someone else where you're giving it all away. Or they're taking the bulk of it anyway, do it for yourself. But that's why I'm thinking now guys, two ways. Do you want to be part of the business? Or do you want to be a facilitator for other people's businesses? And once you understand the online concept, and it really is kind of simple once you really understand it, you've got double options. You can look at it and think do I provide leads to other people's businesses? Or do I bring it into my own? I probably do both Really? That way you make lots and lots of oodles and oodles and oodles and oodles. Right okay, a second email and I like the first four words it says "David Ralph you sexy legend that always gets to my eyes"   Question Two "David Ralph you sexy legend. I don't know if you will get to see this question or your elves will whisk it away before your eyes ever see it? Funnily enough, I've just seen it. However, I've been building a consulting business over the last five years and it's going very well. Well done to us is from Jeannie Jeannie chambers. Oh, little Genie. Got so much love little Genie. Remember that from Elton John. Now I'm getting to, I'm going to be 50 next year. So a lot of things I talk about are rooted, rooted in the past. So what's Jeannie doing? Yes, she pays all her bills. I have a steady if not consistent stream of customers. I can't complain. I bet you do. I bet you sit there having a little moan down here. You know, I bet you, bet you do. Anyway. However, of course I want more and more and more greedy Jeannie. Okay, and work less and less and less double greedy Jeannie. Now, is this possible? Or do I need to start hiring staff which worries me? I don't like the idea of losing what money I'm earning paying someone else's salaries. Any suggestions? pS Did I tell you that you are very, very attractive. Although you tell us that yourself with a smiley face. I don't do that do I, it's just you know, I sit on my own a lot. I need adulation. And if you're not getting adulation from people, you build it into your own life. Keep up the great work Jeannie chambers.   Answer Two Oh, little Jeannie. Why Okay, um, you have a steady, if not consistent stream of customers, that generally happens that it means you're not making the most of the traffic that you're getting through to your business. There's three stages of traffic control, first of all, you got to grow it, then you've got to keep the traffic, and then you've got to monetize it. And it's pretty much those three ways. Most people will struggle on all of them at certain parts of the business process. And just recently, I've had quite a big problem with actually making people commit to what they said they would do. Okay, so people would come along and go, "Yeah, I want to sign up for you, I want to do this, I want to do that." And then you wouldn't hear from them at all. So now I commit them to 25%. So they pay up 25%. And then whenever they want to come back throughout the year when they're ready for it pay the rest of it, and then we're ready to work with them. So that was something that I resolved where people were saying, "Yeah, I want to do this", I mean, you wouldn't hear from them at all. So you're not going to be spending money on staff, but isn't ultimately going to be bringing back into your business if you get them to do the right things. So one of the things you've got to do is make sure that that steady stream becomes the consistent stream. So if you're paying someone, for example, to do pa and administration, then Yeah, that's probably going to take the money out of your bank account. And yes, it will make your life easier, but won't make more money. If you bring somebody on who is an expert at lead generation, and email marketing and that kind of stuff, Jeannie, then it's going to gain, it's gonna gain you can't hold back from the fact. If you're using somebody to plug the gaps in your business, you're going to bring more incoming. Now if you look at Join Up Dots its a podcast, but it's also a business coaching platform. At the beginning. It wasn't it was just a podcast. So I was podcasting, podcasting, podcasting and not gaining anything from it. Then I got to a point I thought, what actually can I teach people. I can teach people how to do podcasting. And so I started doing that, that was very up and down, until I realized that it's not what you're selling. Its the results that you're giving. So with a podcast, anyone can do it, you just turn on the microphone, you start recording it, and you push it out. That is not what people want. What people want is how to make a living from it, how to do it fast, how to get listeners how to transition those listeners, from listeners into paying clients. That's actually part of the process, which you need to bring into your consulting process. So it's not what you're teaching them, it's the results that they're getting. So if you're not demonstrating both at the front end, you're not going to get enough people coming through because I won't see how it out. It really benefits them. It's got to be what you're output gives them that they can't get anywhere else. So that's one of the things that I would look at Jeannie, I would look at how is your branding of your business? Is it actually emphasising the final results? Or is it just telling them what you do, if it's all about you, it's not going to work, if it's about them, and how their life is going to change. For example, everything I do for Join Up Dots now is about finding ways of making making money online stress free. So that you guys can have a stress free life. So it used to be about I will teach you best and then whatever. And it didn't really appeal to people because they don't really care about SEO, they don't really care about, you know, website design. They don't care about branding. But they do care about sitting on the sofa Monday morning when everybody else is going to work because incomes just flooding into their life, stress free. So everything that I've done, has pivoted to be able to say yes, that is what I offer. That is what I can provide to the world. And that is why my business is growing once again, exponentially. I'm teaching people to get the results that they want in their life as easily as possible. So don't be worried about paying someone else's salaries. But think about it. Are you paying those salaries to plug the gaps in your business? Where those leakage is? If you're struggling in certain areas, find the expert that can solve that. Ask them to prove it. If you go over to Upwork or LinkedIn, they're all going to say they can do it. Ask to speak to people that they work with. If they don't do that, then they're not worth working with. Make sure that they've got a track record. And then Believe me, Jeannie, you will get the value back into your business. It's the easy way of doing it. Okay, and be last question.   Question Three Last question is from Jack Wilshere. Not that Jack Wilshere from the ex arsenal? And now West Ham player who only plays four minutes a day. It probably is. It probably is Jack Wilshere because he's not doing anything. Now, quick question for you. If you could list five things that will stop success. What do you think they are? This is for homework I'm doing for high school. Thank you. If you answer Jack Wilshere, up in Iowa.   Answer Three Okay, so you're probably not the West Ham United Jack Wilshere. Okay, five things that will stop success. Right. Okay, off the top of my head. Lack of persistence. So you you give up when it gets hard. When it gets hard, you've got to think your way around it. Okay. So that's the lack of persistence. Secondly, I would say be clever where you're thinking, as I say, think around the problem. Don't just bulldoze your way through it. Because you know, there is an easy route past all obstacles, you've just got to sit back and think things through. That leads to the next one, which I would say is leave your business behind. walk away from it, give yourself weeks off, you will be so much better off because the ideas will come to you. The easy ways you'll be able to see the wood for the trees. So that's three: persistence, thinking around a problem, walking away from it, turning turning up, yeah, if you say you're going to do something, do it. It's like the other night, I had about 45 people lined up for a webinar, I was doing where I teach you basically what internet strategies are and how you can take your business. And you can quite simply get rid of all the effort and all the marketing and all the stuff that you haven't got control of. Bring it to an area that you have got control of you've got the data, which means that you can find the right customers, you know that they're going to pay you and you can just sort of work accordingly. Now I had a Yeah, about 43 to 45 people booked, the same sequence went out, telling them there's two days to it, there's one day to it, is half hour to it, you know, one person turned up. Lovely guy from Berlin called Rob. And I did it just for him. And the two of us just walked through the process, step by step by step. And that used to wind me up when I used to think " Why do you book and then not turn up? But now I know that those kind of people that do that, they're not going to get what they want anyway, because they don't turn up for something, if you say you're going to do it, you do it. And if you're flaky, and at the last minute you fancy something else in a business, you're going to find that in those kind of situation, a period of time when you've got something better you want to do. But you can't do that you've got to do what needs to be done. So turn up. And the last one is dream bigger than you could possibly think. Okay, when you start you dream, just what you think is possible. Now, I was talking to a guy yesterday and I said to him, what you need to do is aim for 10 grand. 10 grand is what each client will pay me. 10 grand!!! I said yeah, easily what you know, your backstory, your history, your knowledge, you can do 10 grand each time, and you will sell that. And literally you could see in his eyes, he couldn't perceive it, he was so trapped in what he was used to, he couldn't see that 10 grand was just the starting point. So get images around you get it all set up. But dream bigger, you can possibly think if you're aiming, you know, join up dots at the moment. I get 160,000 people, I'm listening to it, which in podcasting land is very, very good. I'm aiming for a million. Now, I don't know if I'm ever going to get a million a month. But I know it's possible because I know other people do it. Or at least they say they do it. So that's what I'm aiming for. I'm aiming for bigger than I possibly know how to do at the moment, and just keep on working towards it. So that's your answer, Jack, hopefully that's going to be useful for your successful your high school. And I think that works for everybody. So what did I say? Persistence? Think around the problem. Walk away from your business, give yourself a chance to refresh, turn up, make sure that you're committed to something. And what was the last one the last one was dream bigger dream bigger than you could possibly hope for? Okay, so that was the Friday show, the Friday show, the Friday show. That's the Friday show. So thank you so much for Jack Wilshere, the ex West Ham and Arsenal player. I think that you made Jeannie Jeannie and Mateo, the hygienist and thank you for all of you who've dropped those questions through the emails. And every single one of you think about it today. Think about it. If you want to start a business, or your better doing the business or providing business for other people is a good one that and so you could sit on a laptop anywhere you could be in Bora Bora on an island, driving traffic to your business but be new field off to somebody else. It's a great business model where you get the profits but you don't get any of the issues. And once you get to that point where it's running on its own, you've been hire a PA to manage it for you. And it's 100% passive income is a real good way of building a business. Until next time, thank you so much for being here to every single one. If you see some long arms come through your window that's not me. That's That's Mr. Tickle. And until next time, we'll see you again Look after yourselves. Thank you so much anybody need my help drop me a line at join up Datsun gmail.com. Look out for the next webinar where I'll be teaching you once again how to take a business away from the lack of control into a stress free pleasure that builds income into your life. And anything else we've got going on and join up dogs come over to the website and I will see you again soon. Look up yourselves and see ya. Bye bye David doesn't want you to become a faded version of the brilliant self you are wants to become. So he's put together an amazing guide for you called the eight pieces of advice that every successful entrepreneur practices, including the two that changed his life. Head over to join up.com to download this amazing guide for free and we'll see you tomorrow on join up dots.

It's time for Episode 10 of The Ascent of Board Games! But what could our latest topic be? Well, here are a few clues so you can deduce what the episode is about... Steve Allen discussing his years on What's My Line?... ...and a clip from the show in which he encounters his long-time nemesis A great overview (with puzzles!) of the legendary Martin Gardner's column in Scientific American A board game cover that is definitely a product of its time A set of files to help you investigate the mysterious terrorist group called Black Vienna And a game board that hurts Jayson's brain As always, thank you for listening. If you enjoy what we're doing, we'd also really appreciate a review on iTunes - they are a great way for the show to grow! If you have an opinion you'd like to share with us - and we suspect you do - please drop us a line via any (or all!) of the following methods: Website: https://www.ascentofboardgames.com/ Email: ascentofboardgames@gmail.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/ascentboardgames/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/ascentofgames Discord: http://discord.ascentofboardgames.com Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ascentofboardgames/ Intro and outro music is "Evening Melodrama" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com), licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License. The Ascent of Board Games is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Some rights reserved. Thank you for listening!

The very first episode of Case Management Basics with Martin Gardner!

In which we have many feelings, especially about the importance of good footnotes and endnotes, as well as our disappointment in Fred, Lydgate, Mr. Garth and Casaubon. This week's references include: Folger Shakespeare Library Editions and "The Annotated Alice: Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass" by Lewis Carroll, with added commentary by Martin Gardner and Mark Burstein. Palate cleansers: Megan - Conversations with a Killer: The Ted Bundy Tapes (Netflix) Pete - Red Dead Redemption 2 (official gameplay video)    

Ya tenemos aquí la decimo octava entrega de Estalló La Paz! Este año nuevo lo cogemos con muchísimas ganas y os traemos dos temitas interesantísimos, en la primera parte del programa nuestro compañero @AlvaroHanker nos habla del Juego de la Vida, una curiosidad matemática creada por Jhon Conway y publicada en la sección de juegos matemáticos de Martin Gardner en la revista scientific american en 1970. La segunda parte del programa está dedicada a analizar y plasmar nuestras sensaciones sobre la antología de cómics Love is Love. En esta ocuasión @StressedBuny nos habla de la intrahistoria sobre cómo se hizo esta antología dedicada a homenajear a las víctimas del atentado terrorista de la discoteca Pulse de Orlando el 12 de junio de 2016, tragedia en la que murieron 50 personas por el hecho de pertenecer al colectivo LGTBIA+. Desde estas líneas queremos recordar también a todas las víctimas de la tragedia, transmitirles nuestra solidaridad y deseos de paz. A los mandos: @pelaques1991 Conway's Game of Life: @AlvaroHanker Love is Love: @StressedBuny Aspirante a británica: @aForeignWord Accésit especial: artículo original: https://www.ibiblio.org/lifepatterns/october1970.html Aquí podéis jugar al juego de la vida: https://playgameoflife.com/

Episodio número 87 de Los tres chanchitos . Recuerda que nos puedes escuchar en primicia los martes a las 22:30 en SevillaWebRadio (y también los jueves) y ahora también en RadiUS, la radio de la Universidad de Sevilla. 1.- Martin Gardner Clara nos recomienda la autobiografía de Martin Gardner que acaba de ser publicada en España. 2.- Globos en Utrera Alberto nos cuenta un proyecto que involucra a todos los centros de secundaria de Utrera y que consiste en diseñar experimentos para lanzarlos en globos aerostáticos. 3.- El cuento de la criada A Enrique le encantó la primera temporada del cuento de la criada, pero no le ocurre lo mismo con la segunda temporada.

Want to learn a fun number trick? More importantly, want to learn the math behind why it works? Want to know how to figure out the arrangement of six marbles with only a single clue? Or the smallest number of cuts needed to turn one big cube into 27 smaller ones? Keep on reading to find out!

If you’re into math and logic puzzles, you have probably heard of Martin Gardner. And if you’re not into those kinds of puzzles, you should be! The Math Dude highlights some of this math master's best teasers, for both novices and experts. Visit the website: http://bit.ly/14erBE1

The "Jabberwocky" is a classic nonsense poem composed by Lewis Carroll for his book "Through the Looking Glass, and What Alice Found There." Many of these nonsense words are portmanteaus - two words combined to make a third word. For instance, the word "slithy" is a combination of words "slimy" and "lithe." The word "mimsy" is a combination of "flimsy" and "miserable." For more information and ideas for classroom discussion, see "The Annotated Alice" by Martin Gardner. ' When Sir John Tenniel originally created the illustration of the Jabberwock monster, it was deemed to frightening for children to be placed at the front of the book, so it was moved to the section of the book where the ballad actually takes place. The background music for this reading is "Sarabande" originally composed by Handel, and modernized by the instrumental rock band Escala.

The "Jabberwocky" is a classic nonsense poem composed by Lewis Carroll for his book "Through the Looking Glass, and What Alice Found There." Many of these nonsense words are portmanteaus - two words combined to make a third word. For instance, the word "slithy" is a combination of words "slimy" and "lithe." The word "mimsy" is a combination of "flimsy" and "miserable." For more information and ideas for classroom discussion, see "The Annotated Alice" by Martin Gardner. When Sir John Tenniel originally created the illustration of the Jabberwock monster, it was deemed to frightening for children to be placed at the front of the book, so it was moved to the section of the book where the ballad actually takes place. The background music for this reading is "Sarabande" originally composed by Handel, and modernized by the instrumental rock band Escala.

This is the second and final part of our interview with Colm Mulcahy. Last week we talked about card magic; in this part we moved on to the subject of Martin Gardner and the gatherings of interesting people associated with his name. We've tacked on some blather we recorded about the British Science Festival in…

This is the second and final part of our interview with Colm Mulcahy. Last week we talked about card magic; in this part we moved on to the subject of Martin Gardner and the gatherings of interesting people associated with his name. We’ve tacked on some blather we recorded about the British Science Festival in…

[Re-posted with permission from Wild About Math] I had the pleasure of interviewing mathematician and mathematical card magic innovator Colm Mulcahy. Dr. Mulcahy just published a book, Mathematical Card Magic: Fifty-Two New Effects (A K Peters, 2013) We spent a delightful hour discussing his book, his love of math and magic, and the inspiration behind writing the book. Plus, Dr. Mulcahy shares a few challenges listeners might enjoy chewing on, sprinkled throughout the interview. And, we discuss Martin Gardner, who Colm Mulcahy knew for the last decade of his life and met with several times. You may also enjoy Shecky’s text interview with Colm Mulcahy at Math Tango.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

[Re-posted with permission from Wild About Math] I had the pleasure of interviewing mathematician and mathematical card magic innovator Colm Mulcahy. Dr. Mulcahy just published a book, Mathematical Card Magic: Fifty-Two New Effects (A K Peters, 2013) We spent a delightful hour discussing his book, his love of math and magic, and the inspiration behind writing the book. Plus, Dr. Mulcahy shares a few challenges listeners might enjoy chewing on, sprinkled throughout the interview. And, we discuss Martin Gardner, who Colm Mulcahy knew for the last decade of his life and met with several times. You may also enjoy Shecky’s text interview with Colm Mulcahy at Math Tango.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Colm Mulcahy is a mathematician and mathemagician. He recently published a book: Mathematical Card Magic: Fifty-Two New Effects. Colm was, like many of us, greatly inspired by Martin Gardner and he knew Martin for the last decade of his life and visited with him several times.

Guests - Ray Hyman / James Randi

In this classic GameTek, Geoff talks about Martin Gardner, who wrote the Mathematical Games column for Scientific American magazine from the mid 50's to the 1980's, and passed away in 2010. Duration: 06:36

We will delve deeper into life of one of the founders of the modern skeptics movement, Martin Gardner. American man of letters and numbers -- and logic and magic and patterns and puzzles -- Martin Gardner (1914-2010) wrote about 100 books, starting with "Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science" sixty years ago. That led to his playing a founding role in CSICOP (Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal), and the Skeptical Inquirer magazine. He was most well-known for his book The Annotated Alice (in Wonderland), the 300 columns he wrote for Scientific American, mostly on recreational mathematics, and the huge body of magic he created. We'll survey his legacy and touch on his Atlanta connections. Follow @WWMGT on Twitter to find out What Would Martin Gardner Tweet? "Card Colm" Mulcahy (@CardColm) teaches mathematics at Spelman College, Atlanta, Georgia. He knew Gardner for the last decade of his life. He blogs at Huffington Post, Aperiodical and MAA. He's the author of the upcoming book Mathematical Card Magic (AK Peters). --- Released and distributed under the Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 3.0 United States license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ You are free to: Share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work Remix - to adapt the work Under the following conditions: Attribution - You must attribute the work (but not in any way that suggests that the Atlanta Science Tavern nor AbruptMedia, LLC endorses you or your use of the work) to the Atlanta Science Tavern (http://www.AtlantaScienceTavern.com) and AbruptMedia, LLC (http://www.AbruptMedia.com). Noncommercial - You may not use this work for commercial purposes. Share Alike - If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one.

John H. Conway on his friendship with Martin Gardner.

Diffusion remembers the wondrous Martin Gardner and his contribution to science education. Aaron Cook commemorates Rover Phoenix after a long slog on Mars. News by Aaron Cook, Marc West, and Victoria Bond. Presented by Sarah Bartlett, produced by Victoria Bond.

R.I.P. Martin Gardner. (Send feeback to erik@mathmutation.com)

Interview with James Randi about Martin Gardner; News Items: Energy of Early Life, End for Mars Phoenix Lander and Atlantis, Vaccine Safety, Accepting Science, Exonerated by Acupuncture; Who's That Noisy; Science or Fiction

Interview with James Randi about Martin Gardner; News Items: Energy of Early Life, End for Mars Phoenix Lander and Atlantis, Vaccine Safety, Accepting Science, Exonerated by Acupuncture; Who's That Noisy; Science or Fiction

​The Show NotesInteresting numbersIntroMartin Gardner (1914-2010)Smile PinkiAsk George        - suction cup? from Jesse in NY     - donation? from name withheld     - last album? from Matt Harris     - memorizing? from Jay P.     - CD or Vinyl? from Bryan Cass     - playing vs. listening, national pride and True Stories         from Brian “No E” Mahony     - cursing? from MBReligious Moron of the Week     - Alabama evangelist Anthony Hopkins from Adam LessekParsec nomination (again!)Ms.Info at BalticonNew video later this weekShow close........................ Mentioned in the showMartin Gardner at the wiki“Martin Gardner 1914-2010” by Steven Novella at Neurologica blog“Martin Gardner: Exposing fads and fallacies”by Jeff Hecht at CultureLab“Martin Gardner, Puzzler and Polymath, Dies at 95”by Douglas Martin at The New York TimesSmile Pinki“Alabama Evangelist Anthony Hopkins Gets Life For Dead Wife In Freezer”at Huffington PostParsec AwardsBalticon and the Balticon Podcast........................ Geo's Music: stock up! The catalog at iTunes The catalog at CD Baby ........................ Sign up for the mailing list: Write to Geo! Score more data from the Geologic Universe! Get George's edition Non-Coloring Book at Lulu, both as download and print editions. Have a comment on the show, a Religious Moron tip, or a question for Ask George? Drop George a line and write to Geo's Mom, too! Ms. Information sez: "Looking forward to seeing you all [in the bar] at Balticon!"

Martin Gardner died May 22nd at 95. He wrote the Mathematical Games column for Scientific American magazine for 25 years and published more than 70 books. Podcast host Steve Mirsky talks with Gardner's friend Douglas Hofstadter, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, about Martin Gardner

The Anthropic Principle (AP), in its many forms, attempts to explain why our observations of the physical universe are compatible with the life observed in it. From the Weak AP (WAP), which in one form states that "conditions that are observed in the universe must allow the observer to exist", to the Strong AP (SAP) which in one version states that: “The Universe (and hence the fundamental parameters on which it depends) must be such as to admit the creation of observers within it at some stage,” they all try to answer the question of why there is life in the universe, or why the fundamental constants are the way they are. But, do any of these principles add anything to our understanding of the ultimate question of life and the universe? Perhaps the best answer is embedded in Martin Gardner’s sarcastic proposal of the Completely Ridiculous Anthropic Principle (CRAP): “At the instant the Omega Point is reached, life will have gained control of all matter and forces not only in a single universe, but in all universes whose existence is logically possible; life will have spread into all spatial regions in all universes which could logically exist, and will have stored an infinite amount of information, including all bits of knowledge which it is logically possible to know. And this is the end.”

Ian Rowland is a Mentalist and Mind Reader living near London, UK.  The world’s foremost authority on cold reading, he is the author of the Full Facts Book of Cold Reading.  In this book, Rowland has defined and categorized the different types of psychic readings, and created a taxonomy of cold reading techniques.  Rowland was the first person to lecture on cold reading to the Magic Circle and his book has been described as “the definitive work” on the subject by Derren Brown, James Randi, Martin Gardner, Teller, and Banachek. Rowland is a prolific writer and a charismatic lecturer and entertainer who has appeared on television numerous times and performed in many countries around the world. Rowland performs better than the psychics. He convinced an audience he was a psychic medium for ABC’s Primetime, and during a BBC documentary one of his psychic readings was rated as 99.9% accurate. In this conversation with host Karen Stollznow, Rowland explains the history and meaning of cold reading, and how and why it works.  He demonstrates how cold reading is a “Win-Win Game” and psychics are “right” even when they’re wrong.  He claims that he can replicate any psychic ability.  Rowland recounts some of his performances as a psychic, tarot reader, astrologer, and medium, and his “miracles” of spoon bending, psychic surgery, and hammering a nail into his head. Rowland also discusses the practical, non-New Age applications for cold reading, and how these strategies can be used for law enforcement and business, but why they probably shouldn’t be used for romance.  A qualified yet reluctant spokesperson for skepticism, Rowland presents his “off-message skepticism”, and shares his opinion of what he thinks the movement is doing right, and what he thinks we are doing wrong.

Ben Radford is is one of the world's few science-based paranormal investigators, and has done first-hand research into psychics, ghosts and haunted houses, exorcisms, Bigfoot, lake monsters, UFO sightings, crop circles, and other topics. He is managing editor of Skeptical Inquirer magazine and author of Media Mythmakers: How Journalists, Activists, and Advertisers Mislead Us, and Lake Monster Mysteries: Investigating the World's Most Elusive Creatures (with Joe Nickell). He also writes online at LiveScience.com, MediaMythmakers.com and Monsterscience.com. In this discussion with D.J. Grothe, Ben Radford surveys the current issue of Skeptical Inquirer magazine, which is focused on "Skepticism 2.0" and the future of the skeptical movement. He describes various articles by contributors to the issue such as Daniel Loxton, Jeff Wagg, Karen Stollznow, Blake Smith, Heidi Anderson, Reed Esau, Tim Farley and others. He talks about blogging, podcasts and youtube and the opportunities they present for new skeptical outreach. He explores ways national skeptical organizations can collaborate. He talks about why it is important to build on the important work of skeptical luminaries such as Carl Sagan, Ray Hyman, James Randi, Martin Gardner and Joe Nickel, and how to do so. And he also talks about his sacrilegious board game Playing Gods.

Dana Richards, editor of The Colossal Book of Short Problems and Puzzles, talks to us about Martin Gardner and his legacy.

Peter Winkler answers his puzzle set in the Land of Kleptomaniacs, and we chat about Martin Gardner. We'll pose another puzzle next week!