Academic journal
POPULARITY
Categories
The Science of Learning series continues on New Teacher Talk, with hosts Dr. Beth Wilkins and Dr. Anna Quinzio-Zafran welcoming back Dr. Ken King of Aurora University. This time the focus is retrieval practice, one of the most powerful and most underused strategies in learning science, and Dr. King makes it practical enough to try this week. He starts by dismantling a common belief: that studying means putting information into your brain again and again through rereading, highlighting, and reviewing slides. Familiarity is not the same as memory. Students can feel fluent with material during review and still be unable to recall it days later. Retrieval practice flips the process, asking students to pull knowledge out of memory before they look at the answer. Dr. King reframes the central question of learning from how many times students have seen something to how many times they have successfully retrieved it. Along the way he explains the cognitive science that makes it work, why the effort can feel uncomfortable for students, and why that discomfort is a sign of learning rather than failure. What you will take away: Why familiarity fools us, and what the illusion of mastery looks like in your room The testing effect: how a quiz can teach, not just grade Why a little forgetting before retrieval makes memory stronger Four low-burden strategies: frequent low-stakes quizzes, brain dumps, delayed recall, and oral retrieval with a partner Grade-level examples across science, math, English, history, and government Resources for Retrieval Practices Agarwal, P. K., & Bain, P. M. (2019). Powerful teaching: Unleash the science of learning. Jossey-Bass. Brown, P. C., Roediger, H. L., III, & McDaniel, M. A. (2014). Make it stick: The science of successful learning. Harvard University Press. Karpicke, J. D., & Roediger, H. L., III. (2008). The critical importance of retrieval for learning. Science, 319(5865), 966–968. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1152408 Roediger, H. L., III, & Butler, A. C. (2011). The critical role of retrieval practice in long-term retention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15(1), 20–27. Roediger, H. L., III, & Karpicke, J. D. (2006). Test-enhanced learning: Taking memory tests improves long-term retention. Psychological Science, 17(3), 249–255. If this episode gave you something to try, or there is a learning-science topic you want us to cover next, leave us a review. We read every one, and your feedback shapes the series. #NewTeacherTalk #ScienceOfLearning #RetrievalPractice #EvidenceBasedTeaching #TeacherPD #CognitiveScience #NewTeacherSupport #PowerfulTeaching #TeachingStrategies
Eine Beziehung kann Halt geben, Nähe schaffen und das eigene Leben bereichern. Schwieriger wird es, wenn das persönliche Wohlbefinden fast vollständig davon abhängt, wie der andere Mensch reagiert. Dann kreisen die Gedanken ständig um Nachrichten, Stimmung, Rückversicherung und die Angst, verlassen zu werden.Hier findest du mehr Informationen zur Paar- und Einzeltherapie bei mir und meinem Team (online und in Bonn vor Ort)Wenn du mich und den Podcast unterstützen möchtest, dann bewerte den Podcast gerne und schicke ihn an jemanden weiter, der sich auch dafür interessieren würde. Mein neues Buch hilft dir besser zu kommunizieren, deine Muster zu verändern und wieder Nähe herzustellen. Du hast Feedback oder Fragen? Dann schreib mir auf Instagram.Campbell, L., Simpson, J. A., Boldry, J., & Kashy, D. A. (2005). Perceptions of conflict and support in romantic relationships: The role of attachment anxiety. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(3), 510–531. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.3.510Dinero, R. E., Conger, R. D., Shaver, P. R., Widaman, K. F., & Larsen-Rife, D. (2008). Influence of family of origin and adult romantic partners on romantic attachment security. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(4), 622–632. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012506Evraire, L. E., Dozois, D. J. A., & Wilde, J. L. (2022). The contribution of attachment styles and reassurance seeking to trust in romantic couples. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 18(1), Article 3059. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.3059Fraley, R. C. (2002). Attachment stability from infancy to adulthood: Meta-analysis and dynamic modeling of developmental mechanisms. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(2), 123–151. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0602_03Harper, M. S., & Welsh, D. P. (2007). Keeping quiet: Self-silencing and its association with relational and individual functioning among adolescent romantic couples. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 24(1), 99–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407507072601Knee, C. R., Canevello, A., Bush, A. L., & Cook, A. (2008). Relationship-contingent self-esteem and the ups and downs of romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(3), 608–627. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.95.3.608Li, T., & Chan, D. K.-S. (2012). How anxious and avoidant attachment affect romantic relationship quality differently: A meta-analytic review. European Journal of Social Psychology, 42(4), 406–419. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.1842Shaver, P. R., Schachner, D. A., & Mikulincer, M. (2005). Attachment style, excessive reassurance seeking, relationship processes, and depression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(3), 343–359. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167204271709Slotter, E. B., Gardner, W. L., & Finkel, E. J. (2010). Who am I without you? The influence of romantic breakup on the self-concept. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(2), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167209352250Weber, E., & Hülür, G. (2021). Affect contagion in daily life is mediated by perceptions of partner affect: An experience-sampling study with older couples. Emotion, 21(8), 1699–1711. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001043Whiffen, V. E., Foot, M. L., & Thompson, J. M. (2007). Self-silencing mediates the link between marital conflict and depression. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 24(6), 993–1006. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407507084813Whitchurch, E. R., Wilson, T. D., & Gilbert, D. T. (2011). “He loves me, he loves me not . . .”: Uncertainty can increase romantic attraction. Psychological Science, 22(2), 172–175. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610393745
Slovakia Today, English Language Current Affairs Programme from Slovak Radio
Although the topic of Roma education has resonated in debates for many years, little attention is paid to the key actors in education – teachers. in this episode we are going to take a closer look at the conditions and struggles the teachers have to face in the marginalized communities in Slovakia and last but not least, their well-being as the SAV project tells us. We are going to be talking to the representatives from Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences in Košice who conducted the project and the director of desegregated elementary school Alma in Zvolen.
NEW: 15% OFF FIGS Worldwide
Slovakia Today, English Language Current Affairs Programme from Slovak Radio
Although the topic of Roma education has resonated in debates for many years, little attention is paid to the key actors in education – teachers. in this episode we are going to take a closer look at the conditions and struggles the teachers have to face in the marginalized communities in Slovakia and last but not least, their well-being as the SAV project tells us. We are going to be talking to the representatives from Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences in Košice who conducted the project and the director of desegregated elementary school Alma in Zvolen.
Wir gehen auf Tour und Tickets gibts [hier](https://links.190a.de/talent/trashologinnen) Gönnt euch KoRo [hier](https://serv.linkster.co/r/kBjeQcWG2K) Mit dem Code *TRASH* gibt es 5% Rabatt Folgt uns um keine Datenanalysen oder psychologischen Hintergrundinfos zu verpassen: [Instagram](https://www.instagram.com/trashologinnen/) | [TikTok](https://www.tiktok.com/@trashologinnen) Sounddesign und Schnitt: [Sophie Hiller ](https://www.instagram.com/soundbysophie_/) Literatur aus der Folge: Paul Schrodt, Paul L. Witt & Jenna R. Shimkowski (2014) A Meta-Analytical Review of the Demand/Withdraw Pattern of Interaction and its Associations with Individual, Relational, and Communicative Outcomes, Communication Monographs, 81:1, 28-58, DOI: 10.1080/03637751.2013.813632 Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M., & Tice, D. M. (1998). Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1252–1265. Muraven, M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: Does self-control resemble a muscle? Psychological Bulletin, 126(2), 247–259. Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., Alberts, H., et al. (2016). A multilab preregistered replication of the ego-depletion effect. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(4), 546–573.
Welcome, friends!Why do we LOVE female rage when it's on a screen, hanging in a museum, or packaged into the perfect TikTok edit, yet become deeply uncomfortable when real women get angry?In this episode, we explore the aesthetics of female rage, from the pressure to remain beautiful and agreeable to the racial stereotypes and double standards that shape how women's anger is perceived. We look at what happens when women swallow their anger, what happens when they finally explode, and why female fury can become so compelling when it's transformed into art, literature and pop culture. And what if rage isn't always an explosion? Sometimes, it simply says: ENOUGH.Are. You. Ready?****************Sources & Further Reading:Brescoll, Victoria L., and Eric Luis Uhlmann. "Can an Angry Woman Get Ahead? Status Conferral, Gender, and Expression of Emotion in the Workplace." Psychological Science, Vol. 19, No. 3, 2008, pp. 268-275.Cahill, Cathleen D. "Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (Zitkala-Ša): Advocate for the 'Indian Vote.'" National Park Service.Davidson, Helen. "'Repugnant, Racist': News Corp Cartoon on Serena Williams Condemned." The Guardian, September 11, 2018.Epstein, Rebecca, Jamilia J. Blake, and Thalia González. Girlhood Interrupted: The Erasure of Black Girls' Childhood. Georgetown Law Center on Poverty and Inequality, 2017.Ferris State University, Jim Crow Museum of Racist Imagery. "The Sapphire Caricature."Folger Shakespeare Library. William Shakespeare, Macbeth.Folger Shakespeare Library. William Shakespeare, The Taming of the Shrew.Hajela, Deepti. "Serena Williams' Treatment at U.S. Open Resonates Among Black Women." PBS NewsHour / Associated Press, September 11, 2018.Hess, Ursula, Reginald B. Adams Jr., Karl Grammer, and Robert E. Kleck. "Face Gender and Emotion Expression: Are Angry Women More Like Men?" Journal of Vision, Vol. 9, No. 12, 2009.Jack, Dana Crowley, and Diana Dill. "The Silencing the Self Scale: Schemas of Intimacy Associated With Depression in Women." Psychology of Women Quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 1, 1992, pp. 97-106.Library of Congress. "Ida B. Wells-Barnett Holds Her Ground." Shall Not Be Denied: Women Fight for the Vote.National Museum of African American History and Culture. "Popular and Pervasive Stereotypes of African Americans."National Park Service. "A Noble Endeavor: Ida B. Wells-Barnett and Suffrage."National Women's History Museum. "Elizabeth Packard."O'Leary, Ann. "Stress, Emotion, and Human Immune Function." Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 108, No. 3, 1990, pp. 363-382.Renna, Megan E., et al. "A Systematic Review of Associations Between Emotion Regulation Characteristics and Inflammation." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2023.BBC Sport. "US Open 2018: Serena Williams Accuses Umpire of Sexism After Outbursts in Final." September 9, 2018.BBC Sport. "US Open 2018: Serena Williams' Claims of Sexism Backed by WTA." September 10, 2018.Uffizi Galleries / Google Arts & Culture. "Artemisia Gentileschi's Judith in the Uffizi."Zumwalt, Dominique. "Suppressed Rage and Autoimmune Disorders in Women." SonderMind, April 18, 2025, updated April 10, 2026.****************Leave Us a 5* Rating, it helps the show!Apple Podcast:https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/beauty-unlocked-the-podcast/id1522636282Spotify Podcast:https://open.spotify.com/show/37MLxC8eRob1D0ZcgcCorA****************Follow Us on TikTok & Subscribe to our YouTube Channel!YouTube:@beautyunlockedspodcasthourTikTok:tiktok.com/@beautyunlockedthepod****************Intro/Outro Music:“Fame Inc” by Savvier — https://icons8.com/music
Find out where you are being held back. The quiz takes three minutes: amenkaur.com/quizYou have been trying harder than you have ever tried, and it is not working. This episode looks at what actually happens to your sense of worth when you lose the thing you had been proving it with, why affirmations can make it worse, and two things that genuinely help.Underneath most people-pleasing there is one thing going on. We are trying to prove we are worth something.But proving your worth and feeling your worth are two different things, and one does not lead to the other.In this episode I look at what actually happens when the thing you had been proving yourself through is taken away. Why effort stops working at exactly the point you need it most. Why the advice you have been given, including affirmations, can make it worse rather than better. And two things you can do this week that actually restore something.I also share what happened in my own working life, a client of mine who went from being made to feel less than to thriving in a different environment, and a wasp at my daughter's window.In this episode:Why losing a role can feel like losing yourselfWhat the pursuit of self-esteem actually costs youRigid persistence, and why trying harder is not the same as trying wellWhat stress does to the part of your brain that makes decisionsWhy affirmations backfire for the people who need them mostThe open tab, and why unfinished things drain youTwo things that give you your capacity backThe research referenced:Jennifer Crocker and Connie Wolfe, Contingencies of Self-Worth, Psychological Review, 2001Jennifer Crocker and Lora Park, The Costly Pursuit of Self-Esteem, Psychological Bulletin, 2004Robert Vallerand and colleagues, on harmonious and obsessive passion, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2003Amy Arnsten, Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2009Joanne Wood, Elaine Perunovic and John Lee, Positive self-statements: power for some, peril for others, Psychological Science, 2009Kitty Klein and Adriel Boals, Expressive writing can increase working memory capacity, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2001Gabriel Radvansky and David Copeland, Walking through doorways causes forgetting, Memory and Cognition, 2006Marily Oppezzo and Daniel Schwartz, Give your ideas some legs, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2014Find out where you are being held back. The quiz takes three minutes: amenkaur.com/quizIf this episode landed, rating the show is the single most useful thing you can do to help someone else find it.
Perception d'expertise : ce que la recherche démontre sur les femmes compétentes qu'on sous-estime, et comment rendre son expertise lisible.On te voit et pourtant on ne te situe pas au niveau de ta maîtrise réelle. Dans cet épisode, je démonte l'explication qu'on sert aux femmes depuis 45 ans : le syndrome de l'imposteur, et je la remplace par un mécanisme documenté : le biais d'attribution se nourrit de l'ambiguïté, et il s'éteint quand la contribution devient lisible. Heilman et Haynes l'ont établi en laboratoire, Heather Sarsons l'a retrouvé dans les carrières académiques réelles, Mary Ann Sieghart en a fait une somme dans The Authority Gap. Bref, on s'appuie sur les études pour comprendre comment être enfin vue comme l'experte que tu es.Bonne écoute
In this episode, Drs. Jennifer Merrill and Mary Beth Miller discuss the state of the science of alcohol-induced blackouts: what they are, how they occur, and what can we do to prevent them. Dr. Jennifer Merrill is a Professor in the Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies in the Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences within the School of Public Health at Brown University. Learn more about Dr. Merrill's work here. Dr. Mary Beth Miller is the Millsap Distinguished Associate Professor in the Departments of Psychiatry & Psychological Sciences at the University of Missouri. Learn more about Dr. Miller's work here.
REBEL Rundown Key Points Attention is a finite resource. Emergency medicine heavily taxes directed attention through interruptions, task switching, threat monitoring, and constant high-stakes decisions. Nature gives directed attention a chance to recover. Natural environments engage “soft fascination”. That's referring to the effortless, bottom-up attention- which allows our effortful, goal-directed attention systems to rest and recharge. Nature helps downshift the stress response and may reduce stress physiology, support parasympathetic activity, improve mood, and potentially improve emotional regulation. Exposure can be brief to reset: even a 40-second view of greenery was associated with improved sustained attention in one study. Windows, plants, nature imagery, and brief outdoor breaks can make a difference. We can even design nature into healthcare. Nature is a tool but not a treatment for broken systems. Nature exposure shouldn’t become another individual “wellness” obligation or substitute for fixing understaffing, moral injury, or other structural problems. And it's also okay to go outside simply because being outside feels good, without optimizing anything. Click here for Direct Download of the Podcast. Previously Covered and Related Content: REBEL MIND: Rest is not Sleep: 7 Dimensions of True Recovery Introduction Welcome to Rebel MIND, the podcast where we explore concepts that help us understand our minds so that we can take better care of our patients and ourselves. MIND stands for Mastering Internal Negativity during Difficulty. In this episode, Dr. Kim Bambach talks with emergency physician and neuroscientist Dr. Adrienne Taren as well as emergency physician and wilderness medicine expert Dr. Linda Keyes about the Nature Reset: how exposure to nature can restore attention, downshift our stress response, and help our brains recover from the cognitive demands of medicine. Dr. Adrienne Taren is an emergency medicine physician, clinical neuroscience faculty at the Laureate Institute for Brain Research, and adjunct professor at Oklahoma State University in medical education. She completed her MD/PhD (Neuroscience) at the University of Pittsburgh-Carnegie Mellon University. Her current research focuses on the neural circuit function underlying occupational traumatic stress symptoms in frontline healthcare workers.Dr. Linda Keyes is a board-certified emergency physician, an adjunct professor at University of Colorado, Vice President of the International Society of Mountain Medicine, and past-president of the Wilderness Medical Society. Since she was a medical student at Yale University, she has travelled the globe in pursuit of science. Dr. Keyes has partnered with researchers and clinicians on five continents to understand the effects of high altitude on the human body. She has authored of scores of original research articles and international guidelines on high-altitude medicine with a focus on women's health and understanding acute mountain sickness. The mountains are her happy place. She believes in wilderness as medicine and in conservation for the health of the planet. Cognitive Question How can nature help us recover during or after a difficult shift? How does nature exposure affect our cognition? Clinical medicine keeps our brains in a near-constant state of cognitive and physiologic activation. We sustain attention despite interruptions, track multiple patients simultaneously, make high-stakes decisions with incomplete information, and continuously scan for threats and changes in our environment. This heavily taxes directed attention, the effortful, top-down attentional system we use to deliberately focus on a task. Importantly, attention is a finite neurobiological resource that fatigues with sustained use. Nature provides a unique form of cognitive recovery. Rather than demanding directed attention, natural environments engage what researchers call soft fascination: our attention is gently captured by things like moving leaves, shifting light, clouds, or water without requiring deliberate effort. This allows our directed attention systems an opportunity to rest and recover. Through soft fascination, nature gives our directed attention a break and creates space for the default mode network (DMN) which allows our minds to wander, consolidate memories, reflect, and make connections between ideas. Nature exposure may also help downregulate the physiologic stress response, with evidence suggesting reductions in cortisol and increased parasympathetic activity.Importantly, meaningful nature exposure doesn’t necessarily require a hike in the wilderness.The 40-Second Reset: In one study, participants who took a 40-second microbreak viewing a green roof subsequently demonstrated better sustained attention than those viewing a concrete roof. This suggests that even very brief nature exposures may have cognitive benefits.Nature Between Shifts: Longer exposures may allow more complete autonomic downregulation, while outdoor light exposure and low-intensity movement may also support circadian regulation which is particularly relevant for shift workers.Biophilic Design: We can also bring elements of nature into the environments where we work. Windows, natural light, plants, nature imagery, green walls, and accessible outdoor spaces may offer opportunities to incorporate restorative nature exposure into healthcare design. Immediate Action Steps for Your Next Shift **Step Outside**: Try to step outside on your next shift for even a few minutes. Even a brief dose of nature may help interrupt sustained directed attention.**Look for Nature**: When getting outside isn’t possible, intentionally notice natural elements around you—a window view, trees, plants, daylight, or even nature imagery.**Let Your Mind Wander**: Give yourself a few minutes with a cognitive task. Allow soft fascination to create space for reflection and the default mode network. **Write Yourself a Nature Rx**:What would be restorative to you? It might be a hike, a visit to your local botanical garden, or some time in a hammock just to enjoy yourself. Conclusion Spending time in nature can provide a meaningful reset for attention and stress. Natural environments give directed attention a break while creating space for reflection and mind-wandering. Even brief, intentional doses of nature like stepping outside during a shift or taking a walk after work may help restore cognitive resources and reduce stress. Building small moments of nature into your day can support your well-being and resilience. Nature isn’t a “fix-all” for system pressures and stressors like understaffing. We still need to advocate for better systems, but nature can be a cost-effective, beneficial, and relatively simple adjunct that can improve well-being. Clinical Bottom Line Give yourself permission for a “nature reset” or “nature Rx”. An intentional dose of nature that can reduce stress, restore depleted attention, and replenish the cognitive resources we rely on to think and focus in challenging clinical environments. Post Peer Reviewed By: Mark Ramzy, DO (X/IG: @MRamzyDO) Further Reading Lee et al.40-second green roof views sustain attention: The role of micro-breaks in attention restoration. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 2015;42:182–9.Ulrich, et al.Stress Recovery During Exposure to Natural and Urban Environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 1991;11(3):201–30.Kaplan, S. The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 1995;15(3):169–82.Bergman, et al.The cognitive benefits of interacting with nature. Psychological Science. 2008;19(12):1207–1212.PMID: 19121124Bratman, et al. Nature experience reduces rumination and subgenual prefrontal cortex activation. PNAS. 2015;112(28):8567–8572.PMID: 26124129White, et al. Spending at least 120 minutes a week in nature is associated with good health and wellbeing. Scientific Reports. 2019;9(1).PMID: 31197192The Wilderness Medical Society The International Society for Mountain Medicine The International Sisters High Altitude Research Expedition Meet the Authors Kim Bambach, MD Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Assistant Residency Program Director The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH Adrienne Taren, MD, PhD Emergency Medicine Physician, Associate Investigator at the Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Adjunct Professor, Oklahoma State University School of Medicine Ascension St John's, Tulsa, OK Linda Keyes, MD, FACEP Adjunct Professor of Emergency Medicine, Past President of the Wilderness Medical Society, Vice President of the International Society of Mountain Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO Showing Slide 1 of 3 The post REBEL MIND – The Nature Reset appeared first on REBEL EM - Emergency Medicine Blog.
Bibliography**Advertising, Branding, and Consumer Identity**Aaker, *Managing Brand Equity* (1991); Bernays, *Biography of an Idea* (1965); Bernays, *Propaganda* (1928); Ewen, *Captains of Consciousness* (1976); Keller, *Strategic Brand Management* (1998); McCracken, “Culture and Consumption,” *JCR* 13 (1986): 71–84; Schudson, *Advertising, the Uneasy Persuasion* (1984); Tye, *The Father of Spin* (1998); Zajonc, “Attitudinal Effects of Mere Exposure,” *JPSP* 9 (1968): 1–27.**Propaganda, Language, and Ideology**Ellul, *Propaganda* (1965); Klemperer, *The Language of the Third Reich* (2000); Lasswell, *Propaganda Technique in the World War* (1927); Lifton, *Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism* (1989; orig. 1961); Stanley, *How Propaganda Works* (2015).**Framing, Agenda Setting, and Public Attention**Entman, “Framing,” *Journal of Communication* 43 (1993): 51–58; Iyengar, *Is Anyone Responsible?* (1991); Lippmann, *Public Opinion* (1922); McCombs, *Setting the Agenda* (2014); McCombs and Shaw, “The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media,” *POQ* 36 (1972): 176–87; Noelle-Neumann, *The Spiral of Silence* (1993).**Dehumanization and Moral Disengagement**Bandura, “Moral Disengagement in the Perpetration of Inhumanities,” *PSPR* 3 (1999): 193–209; Haslam, “Dehumanization,” *PSPR* 10 (2006): 252–64; Haslam and Loughnan, “Dehumanization and Infrahumanization,” *ARP* 65 (2014): 399–423; Kelman, “Violence Without Moral Restraint,” *JSI* 29 (1973): 25–61.**Repetition, Misinformation, and Online Diffusion**Bail, *Breaking the Social Media Prism* (2021); Berger and Milkman, “What Makes Online Content Viral?” *JMR* 49 (2012): 192–205; Brady et al., “Emotion Shapes the Diffusion of Moralized Content,” *PNAS* 114 (2017): 7313–18; Pennycook et al., “Prior Exposure Increases Perceived Accuracy of Fake News,” *JEP:G* 147 (2018): 1865–80; Pennycook et al., “Fighting COVID-19 Misinformation,” *Psychological Science* 31 (2020): 770–80; Vosoughi, Roy, and Aral, “The Spread of True and False News Online,” *Science* 359 (2018): 1146–51.**Availability, Consensus, and Social Silence**Kuran and Sunstein, “Availability Cascades and Risk Regulation,” *Stanford Law Review* 51 (1999): 683–768; Prentice and Miller, “Pluralistic Ignorance and Alcohol Use on Campus,” *JPSP* 64 (1993): 243–56; Sunstein, *On Rumors* (2009).**Liturgy, Civil Religion, and Collective Ritual**Bell, *Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice* (1992); Bellah, “Civil Religion in America,” *Daedalus* 96 (1967): 1–21; Durkheim, *The Elementary Forms of Religious Life* (1995; orig. 1912); Hobson et al., “The Psychology of Rituals,” *PSPR* 22 (2018): 260–84; Rappaport, *Ritual and Religion in the Making of Humanity* (1999); Whitehouse, *Modes of Religiosity* (2004); Xygalatas, *Ritual* (2022).**Crowd Psychology, Synchrony, and Collective Identity**Canetti, *Crowds and Power* (1962); Drury, “Social Identity Processes in Mass Emergency Behaviour,” *ERSP* 29 (2018): 38–81; Drury and Reicher, “Collective Action and Psychological Change,” *BJSP* 39 (2000): 579–604; Le Bon, *The Crowd* (1896); McNeill, *Keeping Together in Time* (1995); Reicher, “The St. Pauls' Riot,” *EJSP* 14 (1984): 1–21; Reicher, Spears, and Postmes, “A Social Identity Model of Deindividuation,” *ERSP* 6 (1995): 161–98; Stott and Reicher, “How Conflict Escalates,” *Sociology* 32 (1998): 353–77; Tajfel and Turner, “An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict” (1979); Turner et al., *Rediscovering the Social Group* (1987); Vickhoff et al., “Music Structure Determines Heart Rate Variability,” *Frontiers in Psychology* 4 (2013): 334; Wiltermuth and Heath, “Synchrony and Cooperation,” *Psychological Science* 20 (2009): 1–5.**Prebunking, Inoculation, and Resistance**Compton, “Inoculation Theory” (2013); Linegar et al., “Prebunking Election Rumors” (preprint, 2024); McGuire, “Inducing Resistance to Persuasion,” *Advances in Experimental Social Psychology* 1 (1964): 191–229; Roozenbeek et al., “Psychological Inoculation Improves Resilience Against Misinformation,” *Science Advances* 8 (2022): eabo6254; Traberg, Roozenbeek, and van der Linden, “Psychological Inoculation Against Misinformation,” *Annals AAPSS* 700 (2022): 136–51.Also want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball.
DescriptionWhen we face challenges, grief, frustration, trauma, and sadness, as Christians, we're often taught to pray, trust God, and move on so quickly that we never actually have space to grieve what we've experienced. But the Bible gives us another way: lament. This is especially important for trauma survivors. Scripture shows us that bringing our deepest pain, questions, and even anguish to God is not a failure of faith; it is part of our faith and full experience. In this episode, we'll explore what lament is, why it is different from complaining or giving up on God, and how it can help us process emotions rather than suppressing or spiritually bypassing them. We'll also look at how lament can create a pathway from honest grief toward trust, and I'll share practical ways you can begin writing, praying, and expressing your own lament without staying stuck there. If you've ever wondered whether God can handle your anger, grief, questions, or disappointment, this episode is an invitation to stop hiding your pain and discover that you can bring all of it into the presence of a God, who is big enough to handle your emotions.Breakdown of Episode1:17 Intro and Update on Channel6:30 Why Lament Is Not the Same as Complaining13:51 Why Does Lament Matter for Trauma Healing? 16:24 Examples of Lament in Scripture 22:44 Lament Versus Spiritual Bypassing25:59 Concrete Practices: How Do We Practice Lament? 31:41 The Psychological and Research Side of LamentSources American Psychological Association. (2022). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). American Psychological Association.Gross, J. J. (1998). Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), 224–237. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.224Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychological Inquiry, 26(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2014.940781Holy Bible, New International Version. (2011). Zondervan. (Original work published 1978)(For podcast citations, you may also cite specific passages in-text, such as Psalm 13; Psalm 34:18; Lamentations 3:22–23; Matthew 27:46.)Lieberman, M. D., Eisenberger, N. I., Crockett, M. J., Tom, S. M., Pfeifer, J. H., & Way, B. M. (2007). Putting feelings into words: Affect labeling disrupts amygdala activity in response to affective stimuli. Psychological Science, 18(5), 421–428. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01916.xLinehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. Guilford Press.Neimeyer, R. A. (2001). Meaning reconstruction & the experience of loss. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10397-000Park, C. L. (2010). Making sense of the meaning literature: An integrative review of meaning-making and its effects on adjustment to stressful life events. Psychological Bulletin, 136(2), 257–301. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018301Pennebaker, J. W. (1997). Opening up: The healing power of expressing emotions (Rev. ed.). Guilford Press.Porges, S. W. (2011). The polyvagal theory: Neurophysiological foundations of emotions, attachment, communication, and self-regulation. W. W. Norton & Company.Shalev, A. Y., Bonne, O., & Eth, S. (1996). Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: A review. Psychosomatic Medicine, 58(2), 165–182. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-199603000-00010Stroebe, M., & Schut, H. (1999). The dual process model of coping with bereavement: Rationale and description. Death Studies, 23(3), 197–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/074811899201046van der Kolk, B. A. (2014). The body keeps the score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma. Viking.Additional Biblical/Theological Sources (Helpful for a Christian Audience)Brueggemann, W. (1984). The message of the Psalms: A theological commentary. Augsburg Publishing House.Lamentations. In Holy Bible, New International Version. (2011). Zondervan.Psalms. In Holy Bible, New International Version. (2011). Zondervan.Wright, N. T. (2006). Simply Christian: Why Christianity makes sense. HarperOne. Christian Emotional Recovery ResourcesPodcast WebsiteAccess Episodes, Get Free Resources, and MoreFacebook GroupJoin Community, Get Support, and Get Weekly EncouragementYouTube ChannelSubscribe for Exclusive Material Not on PodcastChristian Emotional Recovery StoreGet meditations, infographics, journals, and other resources for your healing journeyTrauma SurvivorsCheck out Resources Page for Trauma SurvivorsEmail ListGet updates on episodes, platform, resources, and productsFree ResourceFree Visual A.C.O.R.N Resource to Heal Difficult EmotionsDonate Monthly Through PatreonHelp More Trauma Survivors Through This Ministry ...
Send us Fan MailThis week I want to talk about something I've been sitting with: eyes on your plate, eyes on your lane. I was actually writing these notes when I found out Dolly Parton had passed away, and it sent me into a whole reflection on boundaries — how easy it is to want to fix people, to give unsolicited advice about their food, their choices, their life, even when we mean well. I'm sharing what almost thirty years in leadership, addiction training, and life coaching have taught me about staying in your own lane, what real support looks like when someone you love is struggling with serious addiction, and why doing the wellness work for yourself is the most powerful thing you can offer someone else. If you've ever gotten advice nobody asked for — or caught yourself giving it — this episode is for you. Citations● Dolly Parton tribute reference — NPR, "Dolly Parton, one of country music's most singular performers, has died at age 80" (Aug. 25, 2026) — https://www.npr.org/2026/08/25/nx-s1-3650175/dolly-parton-obituary ● Additional source — The Washington Post, "Dolly Parton, country music singer and cultural icon, dies at 80" (Aug. 25, 2026) — https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2026/08/25/dolly-parton-country-music-singer-cultural-icon-dies-80/ ● Film references mentioned: Steel Magnolias (1989) and 9 to 5 (1980) ● Weight stigma & unsolicited comments about food or weight — Rebecca M. Puhl, PhD (UConn Rudd Center for Food Policy and Health), "Weight Stigma and Barriers to Effective Obesity Care," Gastroenterology Clinics of North America (2023) — https://uconnruddcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2909/2023/05/2023-Puhl-Gastroeneterol-Clin-N-Am.pdf ● Supporting research — Levinson, J. A., et al., "A Systematic Review of Weight Stigma and Disordered Eating Cognitions and Behaviors," Body Image (2024) — https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11180546/ ● Psychological reactance (why unsolicited advice can backfire) — Brehm, J. W., A Theory of Psychological Reactance, New York: Academic Press (1966) — https://search.worldcat.org/title/A-theory-of-psychological-reactance/oclc/565301131 ● Self-determination theory / autonomy and lasting behavior change — Ng, J. Y. Y., Ntoumanis, N., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Duda, J. L., & Williams, G. C., "Self-Determination Theory Applied to Health Contexts: A Meta-Analysis," Perspectives on Psychological Science (2012) — https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1745691612447309 ● Closing vignette ("the two monks and the river") — traditionally titled "Muddy Road," attributed to Zen teachers Tanzan and Ekido, retold in Paul Reps & Nyogen Senzaki, Zen Flesh, Zen Bones: A Collection of Zen and Pre-Zen Writings (1957) — https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/488121-14-muddy-road-tanzan-and-ekido-were-once-traveling-togetherLet's go, let's get it done.Get more information at: http://projectweightloss.org
Content note: this episode discusses violent extremism and briefly references research on suicidal ideation. In this episode, Andrew Soren is joined by researcher Dr. Jeremy "Jer" Clifton, Director of the Primals Project at the University of Pennsylvania, for a conversation that starts with the question “what do you believe about the world as a whole?” and ends up finding out what actually separates violent extremists from everyone else.Jer's research centers on "primal world beliefs," the deep, often unexamined assumptions people carry about whether the world is fundamentally safe, enticing, and alive. Jer shares a surprising discovery from his latest research: it isn't a belief that the world is dangerous that predicts violent extremism, as he would have assumed, it's a belief that the world is largely empty of things that matter. They walk through a ten-day photography challenge Jer's team designed to shift that belief, and what happened when they tested it on those who supported the January 6, 2021, US Capitol insurrection. The conversation closes with a genuinely practical turn toward the workplace: what it might mean to treat your colleagues, your clients, and even your product as things that actually matter, and why that belief is harder to fake than most people think.Key TakeawaysPrimal world beliefs are deep assumptions about the world as a whole (safe vs. dangerous, enticing vs. dull, alive vs. inert) that shape behavior without most people realizing they hold them."Meaningful world belief" is the belief that the world contains many vs. few things that matter and is distinct from having meaning in your own life. Primal beliefs fluctuate day to day more than people expect, and can shape how you perceive the people closest to you, including romantic partners.At work, meaningful world belief may show up as believing your interactions with colleagues and clients genuinely matter, and that your product or service has real value.High meaningful world belief may act as a natural check against the kind of all-consuming, single-cause obsession that can lead to burnout, exploitation, or worse.Why This Episode MattersMost conversations about meaningful work focus on the individual's own sense of purpose. This episode asks a related but different question: what do you believe about the world beyond your own life, and how much is that belief silently shaping how you treat the people and work in front of you? Jer Clifton's research suggests that a belief most of us have never examined (whether the world at large is full of things that matter) has consequences ranging from workplace kindness to, in its most extreme form, political violence. For leaders and individuals alike, it's a reminder that some of the most consequential beliefs shaping our behavior are ones we didn't know we were carrying.About Our Guest Dr. Jeremy D. W. Clifton received his Ph.D. in psychology from the University of Pennsylvania, studying under advisor Martin Seligman with Angela Duckworth as committee chair and Rob DeRubeis on his committee. He is the Director of the Primals Project at the University of Pennsylvania, where his research centers on primal world beliefs and the challenges of measuring them well. His foundational 2019 paper introducing primal world beliefs was published in Psychological Assessment and featured in the Washington Post; his 2019 Psychological Methods paper addressed tradeoffs between validity and reliability in scale design. In 2024, the Association for Psychological Science named him a Rising Star.Mentioned in This EpisodeThe Primal World Beliefs Inventory and free assessment at myprimals.comJer Clifton's 2019 Psychological Assessment paper introducing primal world beliefsEdward P. Lemay Jr., University of Maryland, on the day-to-day fluctuation of primal beliefs and their effect on relationshipsJer's research team's study connecting meaningful world belief to violent extremism across multiple populations, including January 6th supporters and a sample of Kazakhstani prisoners
Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsBuy Me A Coffeebuymeacoffee.com/TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsBibliographyCurses, Blessings, and Ritual HarmCannon, Walter B. “‘Voodoo' Death.” American Anthropologist 44, no. 2 (1942): 169–181.Faraone, Christopher A. Ancient Greek Love Magic. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.Gager, John G., ed. Curse Tablets and Binding Spells from the Ancient World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.Graf, Fritz. Magic in the Ancient World. Translated by Franklin Philip. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997.Ogden, Daniel. Magic, Witchcraft, and Ghosts in the Greek and Roman Worlds: A Sourcebook. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.Stratton, Kimberly B., and Dayna S. Kalleres, eds. Daughters of Hecate: Women and Magic in the Ancient World. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.Tambiah, Stanley Jeyaraja. “The Magical Power of Words.” Man 3, no. 2 (1968): 175–208.Placebo, Nocebo, and Medical CommunicationBarsky, Arthur J., Ralph Saintfort, Malcolm P. Rogers, and Jonathan F. Borus. “Nonspecific Medication Side Effects and the Nocebo Phenomenon.” JAMA 287, no. 5 (2002): 622–627.Benedetti, Fabrizio. Placebo Effects: Understanding the Mechanisms in Health and Disease. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.Benedetti, Fabrizio, Marina Lanotte, Lorella Lopiano, and Luana Colloca. “When Words Are Painful: Unraveling the Mechanisms of the Nocebo Effect.” Neuroscience 147, no. 2 (2007): 260–271.Colloca, Luana, and Fabrizio Benedetti. “Nocebo Hyperalgesia: How Anxiety Is Turned into Pain.” Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 20, no. 5 (2007): 435–439.Colloca, Luana, and Damien Finniss. “Nocebo Effects, Patient–Clinician Communication, and Therapeutic Outcomes.” JAMA 307, no. 6 (2012): 567–568.Colloca, Luana, and Franklin G. Miller. “The Nocebo Effect and Its Relevance for Clinical Practice.” Psychosomatic Medicine 73, no. 7 (2011): 598–603.Enck, Paul, Fabrizio Benedetti, and Manfred Schedlowski. “New Insights into the Placebo and Nocebo Responses.” Neuron 59, no. 2 (2008): 195–206.Häuser, Winfried, Ernil Hansen, and Paul Enck. “Nocebo Phenomena in Medicine: Their Relevance in Everyday Clinical Practice.” Deutsches Ärzteblatt International 109, no. 26 (2012): 459–465.Inner Speech and DevelopmentFernyhough, Charles. The Voices Within: The History and Science of How We Talk to Ourselves. New York: Basic Books, 2016.Vygotsky, Lev S. Thought and Language. Revised and expanded ed. Edited and translated by Alex Kozulin. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986.Winsler, Adam, Charles Fernyhough, and Ignacio Montero, eds. Private Speech, Executive Functioning, and the Development of Verbal Self-Regulation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.Rumination and Repetitive Negative ThinkingBrosschot, Jos F., Bart Verkuil, and Julian F. Thayer. “Conscious and Unconscious Perseverative Cognition: Is a Large Part of Prolonged Physiological Activity Due to Unconscious Stress?” Journal of Psychosomatic Research 69, no. 4 (2010): 407–416.Ehring, Thomas, and Edward R. Watkins. “Repetitive Negative Thinking as a Transdiagnostic Process.” International Journal of Cognitive Therapy 1, no. 3 (2008): 192–205.Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan. “Responses to Depression and Their Effects on the Duration of Depressive Episodes.” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 100, no. 4 (1991): 569–582.Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan, Blair E. Wisco, and Sonja Lyubomirsky. “Rethinking Rumination.” Perspectives on Psychological Science 3, no. 5 (2008): 400–424.Smith, Jeannette M., and Lauren B. Alloy. “A Roadmap to Rumination: A Review of the Definition, Assessment, and Conceptualization of This Multifaceted Construct.” Clinical Psychology Review 29, no. 2 (2009): 116–128.Treynor, Wendy, Richard Gonzalez, and Susan Nolen-Hoeksema. “Rumination Reconsidered: A Psychometric Analysis.” Cognitive Therapy and Research 27, no. 3 (2003): 247–259.Watkins, Edward R. “Constructive and Unconstructive Repetitive Thought.” Psychological Bulletin 134, no. 2 (2008): 163–206.Watkins, Edward R. Rumination-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression. New York: Guilford Press, 2016.Self-Talk and PerformanceHardy, James. “Speaking Clearly: A Critical Review of the Self-Talk Literature.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 7, no. 1 (2006): 81–97.Hatzigeorgiadis, Antonis, Nikos Zourbanos, Evangelos Galanis, and Yiannis Theodorakis. “Self-Talk and Sports Performance: A Meta-Analysis.” Perspectives on Psychological Science 6, no. 4 (2011): 348–356.Theodorakis, Yiannis, Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis, and Nikos Zourbanos. “Cognition: Self-Talk and Performance.” In The Oxford Handbook of Sport and Performance Psychology, edited by Shane M. Murphy. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.Affect Labeling, Emotion, and LanguageBarrett, Lisa Feldman. “Solving the Emotion Paradox: Categorization and the Experience of Emotion.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 10, no. 1 (2006): 20–46.Lieberman, Matthew D., Naomi I. Eisenberger, Molly J. Crockett, Sabrina M. Tom, Jennifer H. Pfeifer, and Baldwin M. Way. “Putting Feelings into Words: Affect Labeling Disrupts Amygdala Activity in Response to Affective Stimuli.” Psychological Science 18, no. 5 (2007): 421–428.Lindquist, Kristen A., Lisa Feldman Barrett, Eliza Bliss-Moreau, and James A. Russell. “Language and the Perception of Emotion.” Emotion 6, no. 1 (2006): 125–138.Torre, Jared B., and Matthew D. Lieberman. “Putting Feelings into Words: Affect Labeling as Implicit Emotion Regulation.” Emotion Review 10, no. 2 (2018): 116–124.Self-Distancing and Reflective ProcessingAyduk, Özlem, and Ethan Kross. “From a Distance: Implications of Spontaneous Self-Distancing for Adaptive Self-Reflection.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 98, no. 5 (2010): 809–829.Kross, Ethan, and Özlem Ayduk. “Making Meaning out of Negative Experiences by Self-Distancing.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 20, no. 3 (2011): 187–191.Kross, Ethan, Özlem Ayduk, and Walter Mischel. “When Asking ‘Why' Does Not Hurt: Distinguishing Rumination from Reflective Processing of Negative Emotions.” Psychological Science 16, no. 9 (2005): 709–715.Kross, Ethan, Emma Bruehlman-Senecal, Jiyoung Park, Aleah Burson, Adrienne Dougherty, Holly Shablack, Ryan Bremner, Jason Moser, and Özlem Ayduk. “Self-Talk as a Regulatory Mechanism: How You Do It Matters.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 106, no. 2 (2014): 304–324.Moser, Jason S., Adrienne Dougherty, Whitney I. Mattson, Benjamin Katz, Tim P. Moran, Darwin Guevarra, Hannah Shablack, et al. “Third-Person Self-Talk Facilitates Emotion Regulation Without Engaging Cognitive Control: Converging Evidence from ERP and fMRI.” Scientific Reports 7 (2017): 4519.Affirmation and Counter-IncantationCascio, Christopher N., Matthew B. O'Donnell, Francis J. Tinney Jr., Matthew D. Lieberman, Shelley E. Taylor, Victor J. Strecher, and Emily B. Falk. “Self-Affirmation Activates Brain Systems Associated with Self-Related Processing and Reward and Is Reinforced by Future Orientation.” Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 11, no. 4 (2016): 621–629.Cohen, Geoffrey L., and David K. Sherman. “The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention.” Annual Review of Psychology 65 (2014): 333–371.Wood, Joanne V., W. Q. Elaine Perunovic, and John W. Lee. “Positive Self-Statements: Power for Some, Peril for Others.” Psychological Science 20, no. 7 (2009): 860–866.Implementation Intentions and ActionGollwitzer, Peter M. “Implementation Intentions: Strong Effects of Simple Plans.” American Psychologist 54, no. 7 (1999): 493–503.Gollwitzer, Peter M., and Veronika Brandstätter. “Implementation Intentions and Effective Goal Pursuit.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73, no. 1 (1997): 186–199.Gollwitzer, Peter M., and Paschal Sheeran. “Implementation Intentions and Goal Achievement: A Meta-Analysis of Effects and Processes.” Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 38 (2006): 69–119.Schweiger Gallo, Inge, Andreas Keil, Kathleen C. McCulloch, Brigitte Rockstroh, and Peter M. Gollwitzer. “Strategic Automation of Emotion Regulation.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 96, no. 1 (2009): 11–31.Ritual, Identity, and Psychological FormationBell, Catherine. Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.Hobson, Nicholas M., Juliana Schroeder, Jane L. Risen, Dimitris Xygalatas, and Michael Inzlicht. “The Psychology of Rituals: An Integrative Review and Process-Based Framework.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 22, no. 3 (2018): 260–284.Rappaport, Roy A. Ritual and Religion in the Making of Humanity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.Xygalatas, Dimitris. Ritual: How Seemingly Senseless Acts Make Life Worth Living. New York: Little, Brown Spark, 2022.Also want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball.
End Strong. Finish Like It Matters—Because It Does. What if the way you end a conversation matters more than everything that happened before it? In this solo episode of the Empowered Team Podcast, Kari Schneider explores the powerful psychology behind the Peak-End Rule, a research-backed principle from Daniel Kahneman and Barbara Fredrickson showing that people don't remember the entire experience—they remember the most intense moment and how it ended. That means whether you're leading a team meeting, coaching an athlete, navigating conflict in a relationship, or ending your workday, your final moments shape what people carry forward. Kari shares powerful examples from: High-performance sports coaching Leadership and team culture Gottman relationship research Exercise psychology studies Real-world business meetings In this episode, you'll learn: Why difficult meetings can either destroy morale or build resilience The science behind the Peak-End Rule and duration neglect Why unresolved tension lingers longer than the actual conflict How strong leaders intentionally create better endings Three simple ways to leave people feeling empowered Kari's 3 Strategies to End Strong: ✔ Name the win — Anchor attention on what went right ✔ Repair before you close — Don't let unresolved tension become the lasting memory ✔ Design the last moment on purpose — Create endings people remember positively Key Takeaway: You may not control every moment of an interaction… But you can control how it ends. And that ending may determine whether people feel defeated, motivated, connected, or ready to return stronger. Your challenge: Before your next meeting, conversation, or difficult interaction, ask yourself: “What memory am I helping create?” Because the ending matters. And when you finish strong—you lead strong. REFERENCES Fredrickson, B.L. & Kahneman, D. (1993). Duration neglect in retrospective evaluations of affective episodes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(1), 45–55. Kahneman, D., Fredrickson, B.L., Schreiber, C.A., & Redelmeier, D.A. (1993). When more pain is preferred to less: Adding a better end. Psychological Science, 4(6), 401–405. Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, Fast and Slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Gottman, J.M. & Silver, N. (1999). The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work. Crown Publishers. Gottman, J.M. (2015). Principia Amoris: The New Science of Love. Routledge. Bastos, V., Ekkekakis, P., Andrade, A.J., & Teixeira, D.S. (2025). The peak and end rule, affect-related cognitions, enjoyment, and exercise frequency: A randomized controlled trial ancillary study. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102963 Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. W.H. Freeman.
Y. Kurniyawati talks about the research "The moderating role of innovative work behavior in enhancing teacher performance". Read the article in the "Psychological Science and Education" journal 2026 # 4.
M.R. Mahmudi talks about the research "The role of high school background and daily reflective practices in developing emotional intelligence and existential competence among Indonesian university students". Read the article in the "Psychological Science and Education" journal 2026 # 4.
M. Rohinsa talks about the research "Basic psychological needs satisfaction: the role of peer social support on academic buoyancy". Read the article in the "Psychological Science and Education" journal 2026 # 4.
Click here for the Free QuizYou've done the courses. You've read the books. You've done the therapy work. And you're still sitting there thinking, why can't I move?That isn't a knowledge problem. You already know the direction you need to move in. Something is stopping you from acting on it.In this episode I make the case that when something big goes, a marriage, a role, a title, a business, a person, what you actually lost was your container. That identity was doing a job for you. It was holding your emotions in place. And when it went, the emotions didn't go anywhere, they just lost their anchor. Which is exactly why it feels like a confidence problem, and exactly why treating it as one doesn't work.I share what I learned reading KPI spreadsheets as a partner in a FTSE 250 business, where I could tell you which person on a team was struggling before anyone said a word to me. And I give you five lessons you can use today.The five lessonsYou didn't lose your confidence, you lost your containerEmotions compound, and the danger is the delay, not the emotionYour emotions are data, and naming them changes your nervous systemEvery emotion needs a different solution, which is why the wrong course leaves you exactly where you startedSAS: space and self-regulate, before you decide anythingLesson four is the one almost nobody talks about, and it's the reason people spend thousands and come back feeling identical.Not sure which one is yours?I've built a short quiz that tells you which pattern is running things for you right now, with an audio to listen to based on your result. It takes a couple of minutes.Quiz - Click hereResearch mentioned in this episodeLieberman, M. D., Eisenberger, N. I., Crockett, M. J., Tom, S. M., Pfeifer, J. H., and Way, B. M. (2007). Putting Feelings Into Words: Affect Labeling Disrupts Amygdala Activity in Response to Affective Stimuli. Psychological Science, 18(5), 421 to 428.Kashdan, T. B., Barrett, L. F., and McKnight, P. E. (2015). Unpacking Emotion Differentiation. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(1), 10 to 16. Note that this literature is largely correlational rather than causal.About Dr. Amen KaurDr. Amen Kaur is a trauma-informed who spent over 20 years in leadership, becoming a partner in a FTSE 250 business, before moving into helping women after major life transitions achieve their career and business goals through identity change & creating systems that help implement change.
On April 26th, 2026, Sebastian Sawe did what many thought was impossible. Running the marathon in under two hours. Today on Nudge, I explain the psychological tricks Sawe may have used to break the record. --- Become an FSB member: https://get.fsb.org.uk/nudge/ Unlock the Nudge Vaults: https://www.nudgepodcast.com/vaults Join 12,199 readers of the Nudge Newsletter: https://www.nudgepodcast.com/mailing-list Connect on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/phill-agnew/ Buy Alex's book Endure: https://amzn.to/3TdJv7P --- Today's sources: Blanchfield, A. W., Hardy, J., & Marcora, S. M. (2014). Non-conscious visual cues related to affect and action alter perception of effort and endurance performance. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, Article 967. Carter, J. M., Jeukendrup, A. E., & Jones, D. A. (2004). The effect of carbohydrate mouth rinse on 1-h cycle time trial performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(12), 2107–2111. Damisch, L., Stoberock, B., & Mussweiler, T. (2010). Keep your fingers crossed! How superstition improves performance. Psychological Science, 21(7), 1014–1020. de Morree, H. M., & Marcora, S. M. (2010). The face of effort: Frowning muscle activity reflects effort during a physical task. Biological Psychology, 85(3), 377–382. Gray, K. (2010). Moral transformation: Good and evil turn the weak into the mighty. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1(3), 253–258. Huang, D.-H., Chou, S.-W., Chen, Y.-L., & Chiou, W.-K. (2014). Frowning and jaw clenching muscle activity reflects the perception of effort during incremental workload cycling. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 13(4), 921–928. McCormick, A., Meijen, C., & Marcora, S. (2018). Effects of a motivational self-talk intervention for endurance athletes completing an ultramarathon. The Sport Psychologist, 32(1), 42–50. Stoate, I., Wulf, G., & Lewthwaite, R. (2012). Enhanced expectancies improve movement efficiency in runners. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(8), 815–823. Strack, F., Martin, L. L., & Stepper, S. (1988). Inhibiting and facilitating conditions of the human smile: A nonobtrusive test of the facial feedback hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(5), 768–777. Williams, E. L., Jones, H. S., Sparks, S., Marchant, D. C., Midgley, A. W., & McNaughton, L. R. (2014). Deception studies manipulating centrally acting performance modifiers: A review. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 46(7), 1441–1451.
Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsBuy Me A Coffeebuymeacoffee.com/TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsBibliographyRepetition, Fluency, and BeliefBacon, Frederick T. “Credibility of Repeated Statements: Memory for Trivia.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 5, no. 3 (1979): 241–252.Begg, Ian Maynard, Ann Anas, and Suzanne Farinacci. “Dissociation of Processes in Belief: Source Recollection, Statement Familiarity, and the Illusion of Truth.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 121, no. 4 (1992): 446–458.Dechêne, Alice, Christoph Stahl, Jochim Hansen, and Michaela Wänke. “The Truth About the Truth: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Truth Effect.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 14, no. 2 (2010): 238–257.Fazio, Lisa K., Nadia M. Brashier, B. Keith Payne, and Elizabeth J. Marsh. “Knowledge Does Not Protect Against Illusory Truth.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 144, no. 5 (2015): 993–1002.Hasher, Lynn, David Goldstein, and Thomas Toppino. “Frequency and the Conference of Referential Validity.” Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 16, no. 1 (1977): 107–112.Reber, Rolf, and Norbert Schwarz. “Effects of Perceptual Fluency on Judgments of Truth.” Consciousness and Cognition 8, no. 3 (1999): 338–342.Unkelbach, Christian. “Reversing the Truth Effect: Learning the Interpretation of Processing Fluency in Judgments of Truth.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 33, no. 1 (2007): 219–230.Zajonc, Robert B. “Attitudinal Effects of Mere Exposure.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 9, no. 2, part 2 (1968): 1–27.Memory, Spacing, and RetrievalCepeda, Nicholas J., Harold Pashler, Edward Vul, John T. Wixted, and Doug Rohrer. “Distributed Practice in Verbal Recall Tasks: A Review and Quantitative Synthesis.” Psychological Bulletin 132, no. 3 (2006): 354–380.Ebbinghaus, Hermann. Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology. Translated by Henry A. Ruger and Clara E. Bussenius. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1913. Originally published 1885.Karpicke, Jeffrey D., and Henry L. Roediger III. “Repeated Retrieval During Learning Is the Key to Long-Term Retention.” Journal of Memory and Language 57, no. 2 (2007): 151–162.Roediger, Henry L. III, and Jeffrey D. Karpicke. “Test-Enhanced Learning: Taking Memory Tests Improves Long-Term Retention.” Psychological Science 17, no. 3 (2006): 249–255.Tulving, Endel, and Donald M. Thomson. “Encoding Specificity and Retrieval Processes in Episodic Memory.” Psychological Review 80, no. 5 (1973): 352–373.Whitehouse, Harvey. Modes of Religiosity: A Cognitive Theory of Religious Transmission. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2004.Semantic Satiation and Verbal TransformationBalota, David A., and Sarah Black. “Semantic Satiation in Healthy Young and Older Adults.” Memory & Cognition 25, no. 2 (1997): 190–202.Jakobovits, Leon A. Effects of Repeated Stimulation on Cognitive Aspects of Behavior: Some Experiments on the Phenomenon of Semantic Satiation. PhD diss., McGill University, 1962.Kounios, John, et al. “On the Locus of the Semantic Satiation Effect: Evidence from Event-Related Brain Potentials.” Memory & Cognition 28, no. 8 (2000): 1366–1377.Pilotti, Maura, John S. Antrobus, and Monica Duff. “The Effect of Presemantic Acoustic Adaptation on Semantic ‘Satiation.'” Memory & Cognition 25, no. 3 (1997): 305–312.Ströberg, Kim, Lau M. Andersen, and Stefan Wiens. “Electrocortical N400 Effects of Semantic Satiation.” Frontiers in Psychology 8 (2017): 2117.Warren, Richard M. “Illusory Changes of Distinct Speech upon Repetition—The Verbal Transformation Effect.” British Journal of Psychology 52, no. 3 (1961): 249–258.Warren, Richard M. “Illusory Changes in Repeated Words: Differences between Young Adults and the Aged.” American Journal of Psychology 74, no. 4 (1961): 506–516.Speech, Song, and Musical RepetitionDeutsch, Diana. “The Speech-to-Song Illusion.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 134, no. 5 (2013): 4241.Deutsch, Diana, Trevor Henthorn, and Rachael Lapidis. “Illusory Transformation from Speech to Song.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 129, no. 4 (2011): 2245–2252.Jakubowski, Kelly, Sebastian Finkel, Lauren Stewart, and Daniel Müllensiefen. “Dissecting an Earworm: Melodic Features and Song Popularity Predict Involuntary Musical Imagery.” Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts 11, no. 2 (2017): 122–135.Margulis, Elizabeth Hellmuth. On Repeat: How Music Plays the Mind. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.Marjieh, Raja, Pol van Rijn, Ilia Sucholutsky, Harin Lee, Thomas L. Griffiths, and Nori Jacoby. “A Rational Analysis of the Speech-to-Song Illusion.” Preprint, 2024.Vickhoff, Björn, Helge Malmgren, Rickard Åström, Gunnar Nyberg, Seth-Reino Ekström, Mathias Engwall, Johan Snygg, Michael Nilsson, and Rebecka Jörnsten. “Music Structure Determines Heart Rate Variability of Singers.” Frontiers in Psychology 4 (2013): 334.Breath, Vocalization, and Autonomic PhysiologyBernardi, Luciano, Peter Sleight, Gianfranco Bandinelli, Simone Cencetti, Lino Fattorini, Jacek Wdowczyc-Szulc, and Andrea Lagi. “Effect of Rosary Prayer and Yoga Mantras on Autonomic Cardiovascular Rhythms: Comparative Study.” BMJ 323, no. 7327 (2001): 1446–1449.Lehrer, Paul M., and Richard Gevirtz. “Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback: How and Why Does It Work?” Frontiers in Psychology 5 (2014): 756.Shaffer, Fred, and J. P. Ginsberg. “An Overview of Heart Rate Variability Metrics and Norms.” Frontiers in Public Health 5 (2017): 258.Zaccaro, Andrea, Andrea Piarulli, Marco Laurino, Erika Garbella, Danilo Menicucci, Bruno Neri, and Angelo Gemignani. “How Breath-Control Can Change Your Life: A Systematic Review on Psycho-Physiological Correlates of Slow Breathing.” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 12 (2018): 353.Meditation, Chanting, and NeuroscienceFox, Kieran C. R., Matthew L. Dixon, Savannah Nijeboer, Manesh Girn, James L. Floman, Michael Lifshitz, Melissa Ellamil, Peter Sedlmeier, and Kalina Christoff. “Functional Neuroanatomy of Meditation: A Review and Meta-Analysis of 78 Functional Neuroimaging Investigations.” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 65 (2016): 208–228.Kalyani, B. G., G. Venkatasubramanian, R. Arasappa, N. P. Rao, S. V. Kalmady, R. Behere, H. Rao, M. Vasudev, and B. N. Gangadhar. “Neurohemodynamic Correlates of ‘OM' Chanting: A Pilot Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.” International Journal of Yoga 4, no. 1 (2011): 3–6.Travis, Fred, and Jonathan Shear. “Focused Attention, Open Monitoring and Automatic Self-Transcending: Categories to Organize Meditations from Vedic, Buddhist and Chinese Traditions.” Consciousness and Cognition 19, no. 4 (2010): 1110–1118.Ritual, Attention, and Embodied PracticeBell, Catherine. Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.Hobson, Nicholas M., Juliana Schroeder, Jane L. Risen, Dimitris Xygalatas, and Michael Inzlicht. “The Psychology of Rituals: An Integrative Review and Process-Based Framework.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 22, no. 3 (2018): 260–284.McCauley, Robert N., and E. Thomas Lawson. Bringing Ritual to Mind: Psychological Foundations of Cultural Forms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.Rappaport, Roy A. Ritual and Religion in the Making of Humanity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.Xygalatas, Dimitris. Ritual: How Seemingly Senseless Acts Make Life Worth Living. New York: Little, Brown Spark, 2022.Also want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball.
In dieser Folge geht es um die Liebe: Wie wir sie am Leben halten und eine Beziehung schaffen, in der sich alle Beteiligten wohl fühlen. Franca und Christian geben sieben ungewöhnliche Tipps, die wissenschaftlich gedeckt sind, in den Alltag passen und jede Paarbeziehung bereichern können. Die in der Folge genannten Studien findest du hier. – Finkel, Slotter, Luchies, Walton & Gross (2013): A Brief Intervention to Promote Conflict Reappraisal Preserves Marital Quality Over Time. Psychological Science. https://sparq.stanford.edu/sites/g/files/sbiybj19021/files/media/file/finkel_et_al._2013_-_a_brief_intervention_to_promote_conflict_reappraisal.pdf – Rogge, Cobb, Lawrence, Johnson & Bradbury (2013): Is Skills Training Necessary for the Primary Prevention of Marital Distress and Dissolution? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256983382_Is_Skills_Training_Necessary_for_the_Primary_Prevention_of_Marital_Distress_and_Dissolution_A_3-Year_Experimental_Study_of_Three_Interventions – Whillans, Pow & Gladstone (2025): Buying Quality Time in Romantic Relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/Buying%20Quality%20Time%20Combined_4254a96d-c4b2-4e96-ab8d-c58aab5e0fb8.pdf – Gordon & Chen (2014): The Role of Sleep in Interpersonal Conflict. Social Psychological and Personality Science. https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/whirl/wp-content/uploads/sites/792/2020/08/2014-The-role-of-sleep-in-interpersonal-conflict.pdf – Brauer, Proyer & Chick (2021): Adult Playfulness: An Update on an Understudied Individual Differences Variable and Its Role in Romantic Life. Social and Personality Psychology Compass. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348963177_Adult_playfulness_An_update_on_an_understudied_individual_differences_variable_and_its_role_in_romantic_life – Gable, Gonzaga & Strachman (2006): Will You Be There for Me When Things Go Right? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6737400_Will_you_be_there_for_me_when_things_go_right_Social_support_for_positive_events Francas neues Buch: Die innere Oma — ab 4. September 2026: https://shop.autorenwelt.de/products/die-innere-oma-von-franca-cerutti Alle Tourdaten und Tickets für Dezember: https://www.190a.de/psychologie-to-go/ Unterstütze uns auf Steady: https://steady.page/de/psychologie-to-go/about Hinterlasse eine Frage oder einen Kommentar auf unserem Anrufbeantworter: https://www.speakpipe.com/Psychologietogo Du möchtest mehr über unsere Werbepartner erfahren? Hier findest du alle Infos & Rabatte: https://linktr.ee/psychologietogo Du möchtest Werbung in diesem Podcast schalten? Dann erfahre hier mehr über die Werbemöglichkeiten bei Seven.One Audio: https://www.seven.one/portfolio/sevenone-audio
In 1997, Miss USA won Miss Universe with one perfectly judged answer. She revealed just enough to charm, but not enough to shock. Harvard professor Leslie John says that's scientifically proven to persuade. Her research shows revealers are more likeable, more hireable, and even more dateable. In this episode, she shares why oversharing beats staying guarded, why privacy promises make us shy, and how putting fears into words can cure phobias. --- Become an FSB member: https://get.fsb.org.uk/nudge/ Unlock the Nudge Vaults: https://www.nudgepodcast.com/vaults Leslie's book Revealing: https://amzn.to/3RkFTAq Leslie's website: https://www.proflesliejohn.com/ Join 12,199 readers of the Nudge Newsletter: https://www.nudgepodcast.com/mailing-list Connect on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/phill-agnew/ --- Today's sources: Huang, K., Yeomans, M., Brooks, A. W., Minson, J., & Gino, F. (2017). It doesn't hurt to ask: Question-asking increases liking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(3), 430–452. John, L. K., Acquisti, A., & Loewenstein, G. (2011). Strangers on a plane: Context-dependent willingness to divulge sensitive information. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(5), 858–873. John, L. K., Barasz, K., & Norton, M. I. (2016). Hiding personal information reveals the worst. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(4), 954–959. Kircanski, K., Lieberman, M. D., & Craske, M. G. (2012). Feelings into words: Contributions of language to exposure therapy. Psychological Science, 23(10), 1086–1091. Pennebaker, J. W., & Beall, S. K. (1986). Confronting a traumatic event: Toward an understanding of inhibition and disease. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(3), 274–281. Spera, S. P., Buhrfeind, E. D., & Pennebaker, J. W. (1994). Expressive writing and coping with job loss. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 722–733.
So. 16.08. um 10 Uhr: Kostenloses Live-Webinar zum Thema "Wenn deine Sicherheit am anderen hängt: Wie du emotionale Abhängigkeit löst – ob Single oder in Beziehung". Jetzt deinen Platz sichern! 30 Sekunden Zusammenfassung Warum es keine Schwäche ist, dass andere Menschen dich beruhigen – und wo genau die Grenze zwischen gesunder Co-Regulation und emotionaler Abhängigkeit verläuft Ninas Geschichte: „Ich weiß erst, wie es mir geht, wenn ich weiß, wie es ihm mit mir geht" – woran du erkennst, dass deine Sicherheit auf dem Grundstück des anderen steht Was eine berühmte Hirnstudie über Händchenhalten verrät: Verbindung ist Medizin – aber ein Zusatz, kein Ersatz Warum sich manche Trennungen wie Existenzangst anfühlen: Was die Forschung über den Verlust des eigenen Ichs nach einer Beziehung zeigt 4 konkrete Schritte, um deine Sicherheit zurück in dich zu holen – ob Single oder in Beziehung Du möchtest 1:1 an deinen Themen arbeiten? Dann fülle 7 Fragen aus und buche dir ein kostenfreies Erstgespräch zur HEARTset-Journey: Hier klicken! Hier gehts zum kostenfreien Videokurs "Deine erfüllte Partnerschaft startet hier": Hier klicken! Jetzt auf die Warteliste setzen für die neue Runde zum Beziehungssicher-Kurs: Hier klicken! Werde Heartset-Coach! Hier geht`s zur neuen Ausbildungsrunde: Hier klicken! Kostenfreier Bindungstypentest: Bist du Eisbär, Schwan oder Pinguin? Hier klicken! Podcastfolge zur Vertiefung: 7 Dinge, die du für dich selbst tun musst, bevor du jemanden liebst. Hier klicken! Quellen: Coan, J. A., Schaefer, H. S., & Davidson, R. J. (2006). Lending a hand: Social regulation of the neural response to threat. Psychological Science, 17(12), 1032–1039. Slotter, E. B., Gardner, W. L., & Finkel, E. J. (2010). Who am I without you? The influence of romantic breakup on the self-concept. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(2), 147–160. Feeney, B. C. (2007). The dependency paradox in close relationships: Accepting dependence promotes independence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(2), 268–285.
If you enjoy this episode, we're sure you will enjoy more content like this on The Occult Rejects. In fact, we have curated playlists on occult topics like grimoires, esoteric concepts and phenomena, occult history, analyzing true crime and cults with an occult lens, Para politics, and occultism in music. Whether you enjoy consuming your content visually or via audio, we've got you covered - and it will always be provided free of charge. So, if you enjoy what we do and want to support our work of providing accessible, free content on various platforms, please consider making a donation to the links provided below. Thank you and enjoy the episode!Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsBuy Me A Coffeebuymeacoffee.com/TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsBibliographyCore Eye Anatomy, Retina, Optic Nerve, and Visual PathwaysBelliveau, A. P., & Somani, A. N. “Pupillary Light Reflex.” StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing, updated 2023.Cleveland Clinic. “Optic Nerve: What It Is, Function, Anatomy & Conditions.” Cleveland Clinic, updated 2024.Gupta, M., & Ireland, A. C. “Neuroanatomy, Visual Pathway.” StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing, updated 2022.Kolb, H. “Simple Anatomy of the Retina.” Webvision: The Organization of the Retina and Visual System. University of Utah / NCBI Bookshelf.Purves, D., Augustine, G. J., Fitzpatrick, D., et al., eds. Neuroscience. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.Szabadi, E. “Functional Organization of the Sympathetic Pathways Controlling the Pupil: Light-Inhibited and Light-Stimulated Pathways.” Frontiers in Neurology 9, 2018.University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. “Ocular Motor System.” Neuroscience Online.Pupillometry, Cognitive Load, Attention, and Mental EffortBeatty, Jackson. “Task-Evoked Pupillary Responses, Processing Load, and the Structure of Processing Resources.” Psychological Bulletin 91, no. 2, 1982: 276–292.Beatty, Jackson, and Brennis Lucero-Wagoner. “The Pupillary System.” In Handbook of Psychophysiology, edited by John T. Cacioppo, Louis G. Tassinary, and Gary G. Berntson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.Kahneman, Daniel, and Jackson Beatty. “Pupil Diameter and Load on Memory.” Science 154, no. 3756, 1966: 1583–1585.Kahneman, Daniel. Attention and Effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1973.Laeng, Bruno, Sylvain Sirois, and Gustaf Gredebäck. “Pupillometry: A Window to the Preconscious?” Perspectives on Psychological Science 7, no. 1, 2012: 18–27.Mathôt, Sebastiaan. “Pupillometry: Psychology, Physiology, and Function.” Journal of Cognition 1, no. 1, 2018.Piquado, Tepring, David Isaacowitz, and Arthur Wingfield. “Pupillometry as a Measure of Cognitive Effort in Younger and Older Adults.” Psychophysiology 47, no. 3, 2010: 560–569.Zekveld, Adriana A., Sophia E. Kramer, and Tammo Houtgast. “The Pupil Dilation Response to Auditory Stimuli: Current State of Knowledge.” Trends in Hearing 22, 2018.Emotion, Attraction, Arousal, and the PupilBradley, Margaret M., Laura Miccoli, Miguel A. Escrig, and Peter J. Lang. “The Pupil as a Measure of Emotional Arousal and Autonomic Activation.” Psychophysiology 45, no. 4, 2008: 602–607.de Winter, Joost C. F., et al. “Replicating Five Pupillometry Studies of Eckhard Hess.” International Journal of Psychophysiology 165, 2021: 145–161.Hess, Eckhard H. “Attitude and Pupil Size.” Scientific American 212, no. 4, 1965: 46–54.Hess, Eckhard H., and James M. Polt. “Pupil Size as Related to Interest Value of Visual Stimuli.” Science 132, no. 3423, 1960: 349–350.Lang, Peter J., Margaret M. Bradley, and Bruce N. Cuthbert. International Affective Picture System (IAPS): Affective Ratings of Pictures and Instruction Manual. Gainesville: University of Florida, 2008.Pan, J., et al. “The Effects of Emotional Arousal on Pupil Size Depend on Background Luminance and Stimulus Type.” Scientific Reports 14, 2024.Locus Coeruleus, Norepinephrine, Salience, and AttentionAston-Jones, Gary, and Jonathan D. Cohen. “An Integrative Theory of Locus Coeruleus–Norepinephrine Function: Adaptive Gain and Optimal Performance.” Annual Review of Neuroscience 28, 2005: 403–450.Joshi, Siddhartha, Yin Li, Ram M. Kalwani, and Joshua I. Gold. “Relationships Between Pupil Diameter and Neuronal Activity in the Locus Coeruleus, Colliculi, and Cingulate Cortex.” Neuron 89, no. 1, 2016: 221–234.Murphy, Peter R., Ian H. Robertson, James H. Balsters, and Redmond G. O'Connell. “Pupillometry and P3 Index the Locus Coeruleus–Noradrenergic Arousal Function in Humans.” Psychophysiology 48, no. 11, 2011: 1532–1543.Sara, Susan J. “The Locus Coeruleus and Noradrenergic Modulation of Cognition.” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 10, 2009: 211–223.Uddin, Lucina Q. “Salience Processing and Insular Cortical Function and Dysfunction.” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 16, 2015: 55–61.Memory, Emotion, Initiation, and Ritual EncodingCahill, Larry, and James L. McGaugh. “Mechanisms of Emotional Arousal and Lasting Declarative Memory.” Trends in Neurosciences 21, no. 7, 1998: 294–299.McGaugh, James L. “Memory—A Century of Consolidation.” Science 287, no. 5451, 2000: 248–251.McGaugh, James L. “The Amygdala Modulates the Consolidation of Memories of Emotionally Arousing Experiences.” Annual Review of Neuroscience 27, 2004: 1–28.Seligman, Rebecca, and Laurence J. Kirmayer. “Dissociative Experience and Cultural Neuroscience: Narrative, Metaphor and Mechanism.” Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry 32, 2008: 31–64.Seligman, Rebecca, Ryan A. Brown, and Laurence J. Kirmayer. “Theory and Method at the Intersection of Anthropology and Cultural Neuroscience.” Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 5, no. 2–3, 2010: 130–139.Whitehouse, Harvey. Arguments and Icons: Divergent Modes of Religiosity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.Whitehouse, Harvey. Modes of Religiosity: A Cognitive Theory of Religious Transmission. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2004.Ritual, Synchrony, Social Bonding, and Embodied MeaningHobson, Nicholas M., Juliana Schroeder, Jane L. Risen, Dimitris Xygalatas, and Michael I. Norton. “The Psychology of Rituals: An Integrative Review and Process-Based Framework.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 22, no. 3, 2018: 260–284.Jackson, Joshua Conrad, Brock Bastian, and others. “Synchrony and Physiological Arousal Increase Cohesion and Cooperation in Large Naturalistic Groups.” Scientific Reports 8, 2018.McCauley, Robert N., and E. Thomas Lawson. Bringing Ritual to Mind: Psychological Foundations of Cultural Forms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.Rappaport, Roy A. Ritual and Religion in the Making of Humanity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.Turner, Victor. The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. Chicago: Aldine, 1969.Xygalatas, Dimitris. Ritual: How Seemingly Senseless Acts Make Life Worth Living. New York: Little, Brown Spark, 2022.Xygalatas, Dimitris, et al. “Extreme Rituals Promote Prosociality.” Psychological Science 24, no. 8, 2013: 1602–1605.Meditation, Prayer, Trance, and AbsorptionFox, Kieran C. R., Matthew L. Dixon, Savannah Nijeboer, et al. “Functional Neuroanatomy of Meditation: A Review and Meta-Analysis of 78 Functional Neuroimaging Investigations.” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 65, 2016: 208–228.Jerath, Ravinder, John W. Crawford, Vernon A. Barnes, and Kyler Harden. “Self-Regulation of Breathing as a Primary Treatment for Anxiety.” Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback 40, 2015: 107–115.Lutz, Antoine, John D. Dunne, and Richard J. Davidson. “Meditation and the Neuroscience of Consciousness.” In The Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, edited by Philip David Zelazo, Morris Moscovitch, and Evan Thompson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.Tellegen, Auke, and Gilbert Atkinson. “Openness to Absorbing and Self-Altering Experiences (‘Absorption'), a Trait Related to Hypnotic Susceptibility.” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 83, no. 3, 1974: 268–277.Vago, David R., and David A. Silbersweig. “Self-Awareness, Self-Regulation, and Self-Transcendence: A Framework for Understanding the Neurobiological Mechanisms of Mindfulness.” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 6, 2012.Darkness, Sensory Deprivation, Ganzfeld, and Visual InstabilityCaputo, Giovanni B. “Strange-Face-in-the-Mirror Illusion.” Perception 39, no. 7, 2010: 1007–1008.Caputo, Giovanni B. “Visual Perception During Mirror-Gazing at One's Own Face in Patients with Depression.” The Scientific World Journal, 2014.Caputo, Giovanni B. “Strange-Face Illusions During Eye-to-Eye Gazing in Dyads.” Imagination, Cognition and Personality 38, no. 1, 2018: 51–77.Metzger, Wolfgang. “Optische Untersuchungen am Ganzfeld.” Psychologische Forschung 13, 1930: 6–29.Shenyan, O., et al. “Visual Hallucinations Induced by Ganzflicker and Ganzfeld Differ in Frequency, Complexity, and Content.” Scientific Reports 14, 2024.Wackermann, Jiří, Peter Pütz, and Carsten Allefeld. “Ganzfeld-Induced Hallucinatory Experience, Its Phenomenology and Cerebral Electrophysiology.” Cortex 44, no. 10, 2008: 1364–1378.Zuckerman, Marvin, and Nathan Cohen. “Sources of Reports of Visual and Auditory Sensations in Perceptual-Isolation Experiments.” Psychological Bulletin 61, no. 1, 19Also want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball.
In this episode, we will discuss multiverse analysis–what it is, why we use it, and how we should use it. We also discuss many analyst projects, and Daniel's new preprint on multiverse analysis. Shownotes Auspurg, K. (2025). Robustness is better assessed with a few thoughtful models than with billions of regressions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 122(43), e2521917122. Chamberlin, T. C. (1890). The method of multiple working hypotheses. Science, (366), 92–96. Dochtermann, N. A., & Jenkins, S. H. (2011). Developing multiple hypotheses in behavioral ecology. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 65(1), 37–45. Dreber, A., & Johannesson, M. (2025). The credibility gap: Evaluating and improving empirical research in the social sciences. Routledge. Gelman, A., & Loken, E. (2013). The garden of forking paths: Why multiple comparisons can be a problem, even when there is no “fishing expedition” or “p-hacking” and the research hypothesis was posited ahead of time. Department of Statistics, Columbia University, 348(1-17), 3. Knief, U., & Forstmeier, W. (2025). Are our 95% CIs only worth 45% confidence? bioRxiv, 2025-08. Lakens, D., Rasti, S., & Tunç, M. N. (2026). There is only one correct analysis. (Preprint) Platt, J. R. (1964). Strong Inference: Certain systematic methods of scientific thinking may produce much more rapid progress than others. Science, 146(3642), 347–353. Simonsohn, U., Simmons, J. P., & Nelson, L. D. (2020). Specification curve analysis. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(11), 1208–1214. Steegen, S., Tuerlinckx, F., Gelman, A., & Vanpaemel, W. (2016). Increasing transparency through a multiverse analysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(5), 702–712. Wimsatt, W. C. (2007). Re-engineering philosophy for limited beings: Piecewise approximations to reality. Harvard University Press.
Preparing her for tryouts is more about your calm than her skill. Learn more about how we help you help her → https://trainhergame.com/mom***Resources & Tools***FREE for YOU:
Dr. Breonte Guy (he/him) is Professor and Interim Chair in the Department of Psychological Sciences at Winston-Salem State University and he is an Unapologetically Black Unicorn. Dr. Guy talks about G.A.M.E. (Gamified Activities for Mental Empowerment), a culturally responsive digital mental health platform co-created with Black and Brown youth. They talk how gaming, helps create a sense of belonging and community and how that can help address loneliness, strengthen mental wellness and create accessible pathways of support for young people. This special five-part series on Black Youth Mental Health is supported by Hopelab, a non-profit operating foundation focused on supporting the mental health and wellbeing of Black, Brown and Queer young people. https://hopelab.org/programs/hbcu-fellowship The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline is now: 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline Contact the show: UBU@UnapologeticallyBlackUnicorns.info Transcripts are available on Apple Podcasts. Music for the podcast performed by “A New Deal For Youth”: For 'New Deal' Primary Artist(s): A New Deal for Youth Featured Artist(s): Aaron Mack Original Composer(s) Aaron Mack Producers: Diego Montidiego, National Collaborative for Transformative Youth Policy Engineer: Kingmakers of Oakland Studio For 'Capitalism Be Like' Primary Artist(s): A New Deal for Youth Featured Artist(s): DayoneNotDayTwo, Aaron Mack Original Composer(s): Aaron Mack Producers: Diego Montidiego, National Collaborative for Transformative Youth Policy Engineer: Kingmakers of Oakland Studio Links to include: https://artists.landr.com/057914034898 https://newdealforyouth.org
In 2007, two Harvard researchers added a splash of balsamic vinegar to beer. When drinkers knew the beer contained vinegar, they hated it. But when the researchers told them “this is our MIT brew," the majority loved it. The study reveals the secrets behind marketing. On today's episode of Nudge with award-winning science writer David Robson, we explain how good marketing can shape our perception. Link to the bonus episode: https://nudge.kit.com/86d3e39845 Become an FSB member: https://get.fsb.org.uk/nudge/ Read the Expectation Effect: https://amzn.to/4dvkb3s David's website: https://davidrobson.me/ David's Substack: https://davidarobson.substack.com/ --- Today's sources: Amar, M., Ariely, D., Bar-Hillel, M., Carmon, Z., & Ofir, C. (2011). Brand names act like marketing placebos. Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Clark, A. (2016). Surfing uncertainty: Prediction, action, and the embodied mind. Oxford University Press. Crum, A. J., & Langer, E. J. (2007). Mind-set matters: Exercise and the placebo effect. Psychological Science, 18(2), 165–171. Faasse, K., Martin, L.R., Grey, A., Gamble, G., and Petrie, K.J. (2016). Impact of brand or generic labeling on medication effectiveness and side effects. Health Psychology, 35(2), 187. Grabenhorst, F., Rolls, E. T., & Bilderbeck, A. (2008). How cognition modulates affective responses to taste and flavor: Top-down influences on the orbitofrontal and pregenual cingulate cortices. Cerebral Cortex, 18(7), 1549–1559. Lee, L., Frederick, S., & Ariely, D. (2006). Try it, you'll like it: The influence of expectation, consumption, and revelation on preferences for beer. Psychological Science, 17(12), 1054–1058. Lidstone, S. C., Schulzer, M., Dinelle, K., Mak, E., Sossi, V., Ruth, T. J., & Stoessl, A. J. (2010). Effects of expectation on placebo-induced dopamine release in Parkinson disease. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(8), 857–865. Plassmann, H., O'Doherty, J., Shiv, B., & Rangel, A. (2008). Marketing actions can modulate neural representations of experienced pleasantness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(3), 1050–1054. Quattrone, A., Barbagallo, G., Cerasa, A., & Stoessl, A. J. (2018). Neurobiology of placebo effect in Parkinson's disease: What we have learned and where we are going. Movement Disorders, 33(8), 1213–1227. Robson, D. (2022). The expectation effect: How your mindset can transform your life. Canongate. Spence, C., & Piqueras-Fiszman, B. (2014). The perfect meal: The multisensory science of food and dining. John Wiley & Sons.
Fitness mit M.A.R.K. — Dein Nackt Gut Aussehen Podcast übers Abnehmen, Muskelaufbau und Motivation
Es steht vor Deiner Haustür, kostet nichts und lädt Deinen Kopf schneller auf als jede Couch: ein Stück Grün. In dieser Folge erfährst Du, warum Dein Gehirn Natur regelrecht braucht – für mehr Fokus, ein niedrigeres Stresslevel und bessere Regeneration.Du erfährst, was fast 20.000 Menschen über die richtige Dosis verraten (Spoiler: rund 17 Minuten am Tag reichen), warum ein Spaziergang Dein Arbeitsgedächtnis messbar verbessert – selbst wenn Du überhaupt keine Lust drauf gehabt hättest. Und warum das Training draußen langfristig oft leichter fällt als drinnen. Plus: wie Du das Ganze in Deinen Alltag schmuggelst, ohne Dir Extra-Zeit dafür nehmen zu müssen.Versprochen: Es geht weder ums Bäume-Umarmen noch um sonstigen Esoterik-Kram. Nur Wissenschaft, die Du ab heute nutzen kannst. Denn Dranbleiben schlägt Perfektion – auch auf dem Weg zum nächsten Park.____________*WERBUNG: ➜ Infos zum Werbepartner dieser Folge und allen weiteren Werbepartnern findest Du hier.
Comparison at tryouts is costing her more than she realizes. What's Your Competitor Style Quiz → https://athlete.fyi/yt-quiz
Send us Fan MailWhat if the fun you're chasing is actually working against you? This week I'm digging into why some fun fades the second it's over, while other fun sticks with you for years — and it comes down to a couple of things researchers can actually explain.I'm also giving you my go-to system, VERITAS, for building fun into your life on purpose — even when things are hard, even when you're short on time. If you've ever felt like you "used to" have more fun, this episode is for you.In This Episode● Why fun is more than just pleasure — the real ingredients behind it (joy, engagement, and meaning)● The research on intrinsic motivation (Self-Determination Theory) and why fun you choose beats fun you're told to have● What the Stoics actually believed about pleasure, and why it still applies today● My VERITAS system for building real, intentional fun into your life — step by stepQuote of the Week"Very little is needed to make a happy life. It is all within yourself, in your way of thinking and in your way of living."— Marcus AureliusCitations & Sources● Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. — Self-Determination Theory, on intrinsic motivation and autonomy● Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1999). A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin.● Csikszentmihalyi, M. — Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience, on flow states and optimal challenge● Boothby, E. J., Clark, M. S., & Bargh, J. A. (2014). Shared experiences are amplified. Psychological Science.Let's go, let's get it done.Get more information at: http://projectweightloss.org
World-leading behaviour change expert Katy Milkman details how to change your habits. --- Become an FSB member: https://get.fsb.org.uk/nudge/ Unlock the Nudge Vaults: https://www.nudgepodcast.com/vaults Katy's book: https://amzn.to/3RF63xA Katy's podcast: https://www.schwab.com/learn/choiceology Katy's newsletter: https://www.katymilkman.com/newsletter-milkman-delivers Subscribe to my newsletter: https://www.nudgepodcast.com/mailing-list Connect on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/phill-agnew/ --- Today's sources: Beshears, J.Beshears, J., Dai, H., Milkman, K. L., & Benartzi, S. (2021). Using fresh starts to nudge increased retirement savings. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 167, 72–87. Dai, H., Milkman, K. L., & Riis, J. (2014). The fresh start effect: Temporal landmarks motivate aspirational behavior. Management Science, 60(10), 2563–2582. Eskreis-Winkler, L., Fishbach, A., & Duckworth, A. L. (2018). Dear Abby: Should I give advice or receive it? Psychological Science, 29(11), 1797–1806. Eskreis-Winkler, L., Milkman, K. L., Gromet, D. M., & Duckworth, A. L. (2019). A large-scale field experiment shows giving advice improves academic outcomes for the advisor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(30), 14808–14810. Schroeder, S. A. (2007). We can do better — Improving the health of the American people. New England Journal of Medicine, 357(12), 1221–1228.
In Part 2 of The Mechanics of Magick: Drumming, Trance, and the Brain, we follow rhythm from the sacred road into the war road and the modern machine. This episode examines war drums, military cadence, synchronized movement, crowd power, ritual physiology, propaganda, slogans, media framing, algorithmic repetition, moral-emotional contagion, and the illusory truth effect. The argument is not that rhythm is evil. The argument is that rhythm is morally flexible and powerful. It can heal, gather, strengthen, command, manipulate, or capture depending on the world built around it. The drum teaches us to hear the visible pulse first, so we can recognize the hidden drums of the modern world: the chant, the slogan, the feed, the notification loop, the soundtrack, the repeated frame, and the rhythm that trains attention before thought has time to speak.Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsBuy Me A Coffeebuymeacoffee.com/TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsRhythm, Marching, Synchrony, and the GroupBodyMcNeill, William H. Keeping Together in Time: Dance and Drill in Human History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995.Use for dance, drill, marching, synchronized movement, and “muscular bonding.” This is one of the best historical anchors for the claim that moving together in time can help bind human groups through the body. It belongs in the war drum, marching, military cadence, procession, and crowd-power material.Wiltermuth, Scott S., and Chip Heath. “Synchrony and Cooperation.” Psychological Science 20, no. 1 (2009): 1–5.Use for the claim that synchronized action can increase cooperation. This supports the argument that marching, chanting, dancing, and acting in time can alter group attachment and behavior.Hove, Michael J., and Jane L. Risen. “It's All in the Timing: Interpersonal Synchrony Increases Affiliation.” Social Cognition 27, no. 6 (2009): 949–960.Use for interpersonal synchrony and affiliation. This supports the softer social-bonding side of rhythm: people who coordinate timing can feel more connected.Tarr, Bronwyn, Jacques Launay, and Robin I. M. Dunbar. “Music and Social Bonding: ‘Self-Other' Merging and Neurohormonal Mechanisms.” Frontiers in Psychology 5 (2014): 1096.Use for music, synchrony, bonding, self-other merging, endorphins, and why rhythmic group activity can feel socially powerful. This belongs in both crowd sections and the “operator as instrument” material.Reddish, Paul, Ronald Fischer, and Joseph Bulbulia. “Let's Dance Together: Synchrony, Shared Intentionality and Cooperation.” PLOS ONE 8, no. 8 (2013): e71182.Use as extra support for synchrony and cooperation. Good optional source if you want more than Wiltermuth and Heath.Ritual Physiology, Crowd Arousal, and Collective EffervescenceKonvalinka, Ivana, Dimitris Xygalatas, Joseph Bulbulia, Uri Schjødt, Else-Marie Jegindø, Sebastian Wallot, Guy Van Orden, and Andreas Roepstorff. “Synchronized Arousal Between Performers and Related Spectators in a Fire-Walking Ritual.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 20 (2011): 8514–8519.Use for the strongest fire-walking physiology source. This is the study showing synchronized arousal between active ritual performers and related spectators. It supports the claim that intense ritual fields can show up in bodies, not only in symbols.Xygalatas, Dimitris, Ivana Konvalinka, Joseph Bulbulia, and Andreas Roepstorff. “Quantifying Collective Effervescence: Heart-Rate Dynamics at a Fire-Walking Ritual.” Communicative & Integrative Biology 4, no. 6 (2011): 735–738.Use as a shorter interpretive companion to the PNAS fire-walking study. Good for the phrase “collective effervescence” and for explaining shared heart-rate dynamics in accessible language.Xygalatas, Dimitris. Ritual: How Seemingly Senseless Acts Make Life Worth Living. New York: Little, Brown Spark, 2022.Use for ritual, pain, synchrony, group bonding, arousal, and embodied social meaning. This is useful when moving from older ritual containers into modern crowd and spectacle.Hobson, Nicholas M., Juliana Schroeder, Jane L. Risen, Dimitris Xygalatas, and Michael Inzlicht. “The Psychology of Rituals: An Integrative Review and Process-Based Framework.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 22, no. 3 (2018): 260–284.Use for ritual as emotion regulation, performance regulation, social bonding, and formalized action. This supports the “ritual does things, it does not merely represent things” argument.War, Crowds, Mass Movements, and Collective IdentityLe Bon, Gustave. The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind. 1895.Use carefully. Le Bon is historically important for crowd psychology, but outdated and often elitist. Good as a historical source on crowd fear and mass suggestion, but balance it with modern social psychology.Canetti, Elias. Crowds and Power. New York: Viking Press, 1962.Use for a literary-philosophical treatment of crowds, power, command, fear, and collective bodies. Good for atmosphere and conceptual framing, not as a modern experimental source.Hoffer, Eric. The True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1951.Use for mass movements, fanaticism, belonging, identity, resentment, sacrifice, and the psychology of ideological devotion. Use carefully; it is sharp and useful, but not a modern empirical study.Tajfel, Henri, and John C. Turner. “An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict.” In The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, edited by William G. Austin and Stephen Worchel, 33–47. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole, 1979.Use for social identity theory, in-groups, out-groups, belonging, status, and group comparison. This supports the claim that slogans and group language do not only communicate ideas; they also mark identity.Tajfel, Henri. Human Groups and Social Categories: Studies in Social Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.Use as a broader social-identity source. Good for group belonging, categorization, prejudice, and in-group/out-group dynamics.Propaganda, Symbols, Slogans, and Mass CommunicationLasswell, Harold D. Propaganda Technique in the World War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1927.Use for propaganda as symbolic management, war messaging, enemy construction, morale, and the manipulation of attitudes through stories, reports, images, rumors, and other significant symbols. This is a core Part 2 source.Lasswell, Harold D. “The Theory of Political Propaganda.” The American Political Science Review 21, no. 3 (1927): 627–631.Use for the clean definition: propaganda as the management of collective attitudes through significant symbols. This is perfect for the slogan/crowd/media rhythm sections.Ellul, Jacques. Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes. Translated by Konrad Kellen and Jean Lerner. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1965.Use for propaganda as a modern social technique, not merely lies. Ellul belongs in the “modern machine” argument because he treats propaganda as environmental, repetitive, social, technological, and tied to belonging.Bernays, Edward. Propaganda. New York: Horace Liveright, 1928.Use for public relations, engineered consent, mass persuasion, and the management of public opinion. Good supporting source, especially if you want advertising and PR to sit beside political propaganda.Herman, Edward S., and Noam Chomsky. Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. New York: Pantheon Books, 1988.Use if you want a media-system critique: institutional filtering, agenda power, elite framing, and consent formation. This is useful for Part 2 but has a more political-economy angle than the rhythm/trance argument.Media Framing, Agenda-Setting, and Repeated AttentionMcCombs, Maxwell E., and Donald L. Shaw. “The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media.” Public Opinion Quarterly 36, no. 2 (1972): 176–187.Use for agenda-setting: media may not tell people exactly what to think, but it can influence what people think about and how important issues feel. This fits the “repetition trains attention” argument.Entman, Robert M. “Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm.” Journal of Communication 43, no. 4 (1993): 51–58.Use for framing: selecting certain aspects of reality and making them more salient. This supports the section on media frames as secular ritual structures that define problems, causes, moral judgments, and remedies.Gitlin, Todd. The Whole World Is Watching: Mass Media in the Making and Unmaking of the New Left. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980.Use if you want a historical case study on media framing and protest movements. Good optional source for how movements get shaped, simplified, or distorted by media attention.Postman, Neil. Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business. New York: Viking Penguin, 1985.Use as cultural/media theory support for entertainment, spectacle, image, and public discourse. Useful for the “modern machine” angle, but more essayistic than experimental.Repetition, Familiarity, and the Illusory Truth EffectHasher, Lynn, David Goldstein, and Thomas Toppino. “Frequency and the Conference of Referential Validity.” Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 16, no. 1 (1977): 107–112.Use for the classic repetition/familiarity basis of the illusory truth effect. This supports the claim that repeated statements can gain perceived validity because they become easier and more familiar to processAlso want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball.
If you want to know how to improve cognitive function, you probably already know the basics. You need to eat well, get regular sleep, exercise consistently and maintain social connections. That last point hits me hard because as someone who has taught memory improvement for fifteen years, I recently moved away from all my friends. And I’m definitely feeling the impact of that decision. And we’re all facing the consequences of the decisions we make because everything influences the quality of our minds. So if you’d like to know what I’m personally doing to maintain focus as I age while leading an unusually isolated life, today I’m sharing my research and experiences. It’s a bit unique because I’m the author of multiple memory improvement books, an independent memory researcher and someone with a reputation to maintain in the field of mental performance. And since we all need to preserve our reputations, how I’m tackling my own concentration, memory and focus challenges might help you along your own journey. Let me share this proclamation loud and clear as we begin: Tackling challenges to my own concentration and focus is my passion. And it has to be a passion and a mission because I intend to enjoy a very focused mind with strong recall abilities for as long as I possibly can. Ready to explore some of the best, science-backed strategies that are helping me? Let’s dive in! What Is Cognitive Function? And How Does It Relate To Memory? “Cognitive function” is a term used in a variety of fields, from memory science to Jungian psychology. For Carl Jung, cognition boiled down to how your mind processes and experiences emotional feeling, intuition, a variety of sensations and thought. When it comes to memory in the realm of learning, cognitive function specifically refers to: Attention and how you focus on information like hearing someone’s name Working memory so you can temporarily hold an instruction or phone number in mind Long-term memory for accessing facts like names and locations Processing speed for thinking efficiently Executive functions like planning or switching between tasks Holding focus during conversations or while studying Speaking languages Navigating a variety of places Most importantly, cognitive function governs how we use memory techniques to remember things, specifically information related to data like numbers and information related to our professional work and studies. Why Cognitive Function Slips (According To Science) First things first: If you’re concerned about your memory, please see a doctor. Or, if you’re concerned for a loved one, assist them in doing so. Generally, the reason most of us have issues is because we distract ourselves with multitasking. Good recall begins with paying attention. But far too often we clutter our lives with social media, creating digital amnesia. This is a term that literally refers to Internet-induced forgetting. The good news is that we can improve. Like focusing on diet, exercise, sleep and socializing, paying attention is a behavior. This was a point made by memory expert David Berglas in A Question of Memory. He’s worth listening to because his memory stayed sharp up until a very old age indeed. How do you turn paying attention into a behavior? Start making an effort to remember names, for one thing. Yesterday at the bank I did just that, and the clerk delighted in covering up her name tag to test me several times. You can also engage in activities like memorizing scripture. Or other forms of long-form verbatim memorization, like poetry. For an inspiring outcome from one of my students who was recovering from cardiac arrest, check out the memory improvement case study and scripture demonstration provided by Matt Barclay. There are a few more activities to consider that I’ll cover below, but let’s look at what happens to our brain cells next. It will provide more context to this mission-critical aspect of our mental lives and why maintaining memory is so valuable throughout life. Cellular Aging Judith Campisi was a pioneer in the field of cellular senescence. As one of her papers described this term, cellular senescence is “when bad things happen to good cells.” It’s bad no matter where it happens in the body. But there are two ways it can affect memory: Reducing the functioning of your brain cells Creating pain and stress that distract you and reduce focus If you find yourself dealing with cellular senescence, diet might help improve your cognition. This study found that adopting a ketogenic diet improved memory in aging mice. Anecdotally, I’ve eaten either an entirely keto or near-keto diet for years. I have to regulary eat yogurt now, and that unfortunately causes some brain fog. But during the years I ate near-totally keto, I was sharper than I ever felt in my life. Genetics We often think that things are just the way that they are. Our genes above all cannot be changed. Assuming this is true now, will it always be the case that we have to just deal with the cards we’ve been dealt in the game of life? Scientists are hard at work answering this question. One interesting study on animals has shown promise with respect to potentially treating neurocognitive deficits with gene therapy. In this case, spatial memory was studied in particular, and treated animals were able to navigate mazes better. In humans, how we use memory to navigate space is only starting to be understood. The science writer Christopher Kemp wrote a lovely book on the topic and shared his findings on this episode of the Magnetic Memory Method Podcast. Although it’s not entirely clear that Kemp’s personal struggles with navigation are genetic in nature, Dark and Magical Places is well worth reading because some scientists have shown a substantial relationship between place cells and memory. I’d be surprised if gene therapies didn’t emerge in the future that improve both spatial and other types of memory, giving them greater longevity in our lives. Environmental Factors One of the hardest things for many of us to change is our environmental conditions. As I mentioned, I moved away from the city and did not anticipate just how out of touch this would put me with my friends. I also did not anticipate that it would be such a challenge to make new ones. It’s critical that I take care of this soon, however. As this study shows, poor social connections are a strong predictor of cognitive decline. Another study found that people with stronger social networks have a lower mortality risk. The catch is that “naturally occurring social” relations are at the core of the benefit. Corny “interventions” by community groups or the recent explosion of rent-a-friend and rental family services don’t show much promise. Quite the opposite, as this Afar story details. If it’s true that people work ten-hour days only to carry on eating and relaxing with their co-workers, that sounds like a very challenging environment to live in. And that’s not to mention the possibility that worries over climate issues are causing anxiety-induced memory loss. If you’re struggling to think clearly and remember, you might want to think about how this kind of environmental issue might be affecting you. Research into eco-anxiety is underway at the Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences and likely to grow in importance as a field of therapy over the years to come. How Memory Improvement Activities Can Improve Your Cognition (Even As You Age) Now that we’ve covered some of the key reasons mental sharpness slips throughout our lives, let’s look at activities that will help restore and improve your cognitive function. Obviously, diet and nutrition for cognitive enhancement are assumed. And again, please consult a doctor for advice that directly addresses your personal situation. Likewise with the following activities. If you have doubts, always run each past a qualified professional before engaging in them. Even though I engage in them myself, critical thinking remains important and I always encourage you to seek at least one professional opinion before taking any action. One: Mindfulness And Meditation I’m a strong proponent of meditation for concentration as a key activity for improving attention and memory. Not only does my book, The Victorious Mind cover much of the key research on the benefits of meditation. I wrote it because combining meditation with memory training helped me in a variety of ways. The key is to understand that there are many forms of meditation to explore. Not just sitting or chanting mantras. For example, benefits of mindfulness on your cognitive function will likely start to flow for you through: Sitting meditation Walking meditation Breathing exercises Journaling for reflective thinking exercise Going on a retreat Practicing mindfulness while eating Yoga for concentration and memory Various practices that can help regulate your dopamine levels Although studies like this one show that meditation can increase your working memory, there’s a catch. As these researchers recommend, meditation routines generally need to be systematized and conducted routinely. I’ve certainly found that my own practices need to be consistent. That’s why I optimize my environment to remind me of my meditation practice. I have my journal always in sight, the place I sit and the book of mantras I’m memorizing from. Two: Have A Purpose As You Age I know it sounds cliche. But the findings of the Rush Memory and Aging Project demonstrate that having a goal linked to purpose is associated with lower incidences of Alzheimer’s Disease and related issues. Interestingly, the study also demonstrated that “purpose in life was also associated with a reduced risk of incident disability and risk of death.” I was fortunate to spend time speaking with the memory experts Tony Buzan and Harry Lorayne. They both were incredibly sharp when I met them, despite being in their seventies and eighties respectively. Why? It was not just the fact that they both engaged in regular memory training. In my view, their strong sense of purpose was a huge part of it. Tony had the World Memory Championship he helped found, along with his work in mind mapping and his polymathic personality. For his part, Lorayne wrote and published books and performed card magic almost until the end. I myself have made teaching as a mnemonist and understanding as much as I can about memory science my purpose. It’s not clear yet that I’ll last as long as they did or make a similar mark. That doesn’t matter nearly as much to me as enjoying the benefits that doing my best in this field brings. So your mission, if you choose to accept it, is to craft your own vision statement and work on your purpose. From there on in, it’s just a matter of consistent execution. If you’d like some help with this piece of the puzzle, check out: My detailed training on crafting a vision statement The mind mapping for my business I did under Tony Buzan’s tutelage Three: Engage in Regular Language Learning Activities Another reason you might suffer cognitive decline stems from not taking on enough challenges that create mental stimulation. Few activities offer more variety and challenge than learning a new language. The problem is that many people cringe at the first sign of challenge. Yet, the challenge itself is what’s so helpful for restoring and maintaining cognitive function! As part of my mission and purpose, I’ve created many tutorials on language learning that will help you. Many of these lessons are geared to reduce the challenges and speed up the process based on my personal experiences with applying memory techniques to language acquisition. But that’s not to remove challenges altogether. In many ways, it’s more about keeping the challenges fun and eliminating the boredom of rote learning. Quick Memory-Based Exercises That Restore Concentration We’ve just covered three areas of activity to engage in over the long-term. They’re not quick fixes, but tactics and strategies to explore across a lifetime. What about things you can do within a few minutes a day and get some benefit? Well, as I talk about here, completely crossword puzzles likely isn’t one of them (though they can be fun). It also isn’t fiddling with online brain games (which have been shown not to work very well). Instead, give these quick activities a try. Four: Repeat Conversations Silently In Your Mind I don’t know about you, but sometimes I get caught up in thinking about what I’m going to say next instead of focusing my mind on my conversation partner’s exact words. To combat this, years ago I started repeating what people were telling me in my mind. Memory expert Jim Samuels teaches something similar in his book, Re-Mind Yourself. It’s a quick exercise that focuses your mind and leads to remembering more from conversations. You can also practice this repetition game while listening to podcasts or watching movies. It’s powerful. Five: Kirtan Kriya According to the Alzheimer’s Research & Prevention Foundation, just twelve minutes a day with this ancient concentration technique helps improve your memory while reducing stress. Dr. Gary Weber teaches it in this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ehvokeZnXMM I’ve practiced it for years and it really helps. Usually I combine it with my walking meditation sessions. Six: Incorporate Mnemonics Into Your Daily Life Although it takes a bit of setup, applying mnemonics to everyday learning tasks is easy. You can use them to remember appointments, where you parked and your shopping list. Every time you do, you’re getting in a bit of cognitive exercise. Seven: Listen Like An Audiophile Music has become ubiquitous in our society. You almost can’t go anywhere without hearing it. But that doesn’t mean it has to be background noise. Pay attention deeply to the rhythms you hear. Repeat the melody in your mind. When I do this, I find that my irritation with music I don’t want to hear goes away. Even better, it connects me more deeply with music itself. And studies like this have shown that music is linked to memory in a variety of ways, including episodic memory, semantic memory and explicit and implicit memory. Just by listening to music in a serious way, you’re giving your memory a huge workout. On another level, I try daily to listen seriously to music I’ve never heard before. Luckily, there are bloggers and vloggers who share their most recent acquisitions. Within seconds, I have them playing on Bandcamp or YouTube. Then, the steps are simple: Close your eyes Listen deeply Imagine the different instruments (even if you don’t know what they are) Call back melodies later in the day to exercise your recall abilities For an extra boost, read biographies about musicians. Go through their music in historical order. Read the assessments of professional critics about them during their era. This simple act contextualizes the music and exercises your brain’s unique ability to make connections and expand with new learning. If music isn’t your interest, you can do something similar by looking at and recalling art. Or even going to indoor or outdoor art galleries. I’ve got a whole tutorial on how to use art galleries as part of your lifelong memory improvement journey. One simple exercise is to just think back to a painting or sculpture you’ve seen. In the feature image above, I’m standing under a sculpture in Brisbane, and I’ve combined it with the music exercise. I just asked what it reminded me of and thought instantly of the Canadian band Voivod, which I know from my reading has a relationship to Metallica. Since the sculpture looks like a big M, I then turned it into a kind of virtual Memory Palace, a final type of mental exercise we’ll discuss briefly next. Improving Cognitive Function Can Be Easy & Fun As you’ve seen, there are simple ways to combat cognitive decline. The trick is putting aside the time and being consistent about the activities. I’ve shared some of the strategies I’m using to keep my brain sharp, and you’re welcome to explore even more. Keep in mind that consistency is helped by a variety of cognitive activities, not getting stuck in just one or two. There are also benefits to be had by rotating between several, especially those where learning is involved. This is shown by the principle scientists call interleaving. But you know, my favorite tactic of all is to use my memory in a variety of ways. And for that, I like to have multiple Memory Palaces. These mnemonic tools are very old and really fun to use. To learn more about how to incorporate them in your quest to improve your cognitive function, get my free memory improvement course: It will give your brain a workout with four free videos and some worksheets you can complete. If some of the steps you discover in that course present a challenge, now you know that this is a good thing. Lean into it and enjoy the results that taking on challenges brings to the long-term sharpness of your mind.
In December 2018 Gatwick Airport shut down. 109 eyewitnesses reported sighting 170 drone flights over the airport. All flights were grounded, and the nation braced for a terrorist attack. But what if those sightings weren't real but instead an imagination caused by expectations? In today's episode with award-winning science journalist David Robson, we explore the science of the expectation effect. Link to the bonus episode: https://nudge.kit.com/86d3e39845 Become an FSB member: https://get.fsb.org.uk/nudge/ Read the Expectation Effect: https://amzn.to/4dvkb3s David's website: https://davidrobson.me/ David's Substack: https://davidarobson.substack.com/ --- Today's sources: Benedetti, F., Durando, J., & Vighetti, S. (2014). Nocebo and placebo modulation of hypobaric hypoxia headache involves the cyclooxygenase-prostaglandins pathway. Pain, 155(5), 921–928. Job, V., Dweck, C. S., & Walton, G. M. (2010). Ego depletion—Is it all in your head? Implicit theories about willpower affect self-regulation. Psychological Science, 21(11), 1686–1693. Langer, E., Djikic, M., Pirson, M., Madenci, A., & Donohue, R. (2010). Believing is seeing: Using mindlessness (mindfully) to improve visual acuity. Psychological Science, 21(5), 661–666. Merckelbach, H., & van de Ven, V. (2001). Another white Christmas: Fantasy proneness and reports of 'hallucinatory experiences' in undergraduate students. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 32(3), 137–144. Montes, J., Wulf, G., & Navalta, J. W. (2018). Maximal aerobic capacity can be increased by enhancing performers' expectancies. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 58(5), 744–749. Pirson, M., Ie, A., & Langer, E. (2012). Seeing what we know, knowing what we see: Challenging the limits of visual acuity. Journal of Adult Development, 19(2), 59–67. Robson, D. (2022). The expectation effect: How your mindset can transform your life. Canongate.
Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsBuy Me A Coffeebuymeacoffee.com/TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsPart 1 focuses on the drum as an ancient technology of altered consciousness. The argument is not that every beat causes trance, or that neuroscience has proven spirits. The stronger argument is that rhythm enters the human organism through hearing, motor prediction, breath, movement, attention, emotion, expectation, culture, and social synchrony. The drum becomes powerful when sound, body, group, ritual frame, and meaning converge. These sources support the archaeology, neuroscience, EEG research, shamanic studies, possession studies, Indigenous and culturally specific drum traditions, ritual theory, placebo and meaning-response research, ceremonial magic, and modern witchcraft material used in the episode.Core Academic and Scientific SourcesHuels, Emma R., Hyoungkyu Kim, UnCheol Lee, Tirsa Bel-Bahar, Ana V. Colmenero, Alexandra Nelson, Stefanie Blain-Moraes, George A. Mashour, and Richard E. Harris. “Neural Correlates of the Shamanic State of Consciousness.” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 15 (2021): 610466.Gordon, Yoel, Golan Karvat, Noa Dagan, and Ayelet N. Landau. “Neural Tracking at Theta Predicts Drumming-Induced Altered States of Consciousness.” Scientific Reports 16, no. 1 (2026): Article 10204.Aparicio-Terrés, R., et al. “The Neurobiology of Altered States of Consciousness Induced by Drumming and Other Rhythmic Sound Patterns.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2025.Neher, Andrew. “Auditory Driving Observed with Scalp Electrodes in Normal Subjects.” Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 13 (1961): 449–451.Neher, Andrew. “A Physiological Explanation of Unusual Behavior in Ceremonies Involving Drums.” Human Biology 34, no. 2 (1962): 151–160.Maurer, R., V. K. Kumar, L. Woodside, and R. J. Pekala. “Phenomenological Experience in Response to Monotonous Drumming and Hypnotizability.” American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 40, no. 2 (1997): 130–145. Use for monotonous drumming, subjective altered experience, imagery, absorption, and hypnotizability.Maxfield, Melinda C. “Effects of Rhythmic Drumming on EEG and Subjective Experience.” PhD diss., Institute of Transpersonal Psychology, 1990. Use as older supporting context on drumming, EEG, imagery, body-image changes, and subjective altered experience. Do not make this the main scientific proof; use it as background.Nozaradan, Sylvie, Isabelle Peretz, and André Mouraux. “Tagging the Neuronal Entrainment to Beat and Meter.” The Journal of Neuroscience 31, no. 28 (2011): 10234–10240. Use for EEG evidence that the brain can track beat and meter. This supports the claim that the brain does not merely hear rhythm as background sound; it can represent rhythmic structure in measurable ways.Nozaradan, Sylvie. “Exploring How Musical Rhythm Entrains Brain Activity with Electroencephalogram Frequency-Tagging.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 369, no. 1658 (2014). Use as broader rhythm/EEG entrainment support. This helps explain frequency-tagging, beat tracking, meter, neural entrainment, and the measurable relationship between rhythmic structure and brain activity.Thaut, Michael H., Gerald C. McIntosh, and Volker Hoemberg. “Neurobiological Foundations of Neurologic Music Therapy: Rhythmic Entrainment and the Motor System.” Frontiers in Psychology 5 (2015). Use for rhythm as motor-system timing information. This supports the claim that a beat can become bodily instruction, not just sound for the ear. Especially useful when discussing rhythmic auditory stimulation, motor planning, gait, entrainment, and the auditory-motor bridge.Ross, Jessica M., John R. Iversen, and Ramesh Balasubramaniam. “Time Perception for Musical Rhythms: Sensorimotor Perspectives on Entrainment, Simulation, and Prediction.” 2022. Use for rhythm, timing, prediction, sensorimotor entrainment, and the way musical rhythm interacts with time perception.Hove, Michael J., and Jane L. Risen. “It's All in the Timing: Interpersonal Synchrony Increases Affiliation.” Social Cognition 27, no. 6 (2009): 949–960. Use for synchrony and social bonding. This helps support the group-body argument: moving or acting in time with others can increase affiliation.Wiltermuth, Scott S., and Chip Heath. “Synchrony and Cooperation.” Psychological Science 20, no. 1 (2009): 1–5. Use for the claim that synchronized movement can increase cooperation and attachment among participants.Tarr, Bronwyn, Jacques Launay, and Robin I. M. Dunbar. “Music and Social Bonding: ‘Self-Other' Merging and Neurohormonal Mechanisms.” Frontiers in Psychology 5 (2014): 1096. Use for music, synchrony, bonding, endorphin/social mechanisms, and why group rhythm can feel like more than private listening.Fancourt, Daisy, Rosie Perkins, Sara Ascenso, Louise Atkins, Fatima Kilfeather, and Aaron Williamon. “Effects of Group Drumming Interventions on Anxiety, Depression, Social Resilience and Inflammatory Immune Response among Mental Health Service Users.” PLOS ONE 11, no. 3 (2016): e0151136. Use for modern group-drumming research showing psychological and physiological effects, including anxiety, depression, social resilience, wellbeing, and inflammatory immune response. Use carefully: this does not make group drumming a cure-all. It supports the more grounded claim that embodied rhythm and group participation can affect mood, social connection, and body chemistry.Bittman, Barry B., et al. “Composite Effects of Group Drumming Music Therapy on Modulation of Neuroendocrine-Immune Parameters in Normal Subjects.” Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 7, no. 1 (2001): 38–47. Use as older supporting material on group drumming and neuroendocrine-immune measures. Keep secondary. Fancourt is cleaner for the main script body.Archaeology and Deep History of DrumsLawergren, Bo. “Neolithic Drums in China.” In Music Archaeology in China. 2006. Use for clay drums in Neolithic China and the deep-history claim that drums are not just poetic symbols of antiquity. They appear in the archaeological record as instruments tied to early sound-making, ceremony, and social order.Both, Arnd Adje. “Music Archaeology: Some Methodological and Theoretical Considerations.” Use as general support for why ancient instruments should be treated as ritual and social evidence, not merely decorative objects.Anthropology, Ethnomusicology, Ritual, and TranceRouget, Gilbert. Music and Trance: A Theory of the Relations Between Music and Possession. Translated by Brunhilde Biebuyck. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985. Essential source. Use for the caution that music does not mechanically or universally cause trance. Rouget helps keep the argument academically serious by emphasizing culture, ritual frame, meaning, and expectation.Becker, Judith. Deep Listeners: Music, Emotion, and Trancing. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004. Use for music-linked trancing, emotional absorption, religious experience, and culturally trained ways of listening. This supports the “hearing versus entering” distinction.McNeill, William H. Keeping Together in Time: Dance and Drill in Human History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995. Use for marching, dance, drill, muscular bonding, synchronized movement, and rhythm as social glue. This is useful both for Part 1's group-body material and Part 2's war-drum material.Eliade, Mircea. Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1964. Use carefully. Eliade's phrase “archaic techniques of ecstasy” is powerful, but the episode should also note that later scholarship criticizes his tendency to universalize shamanism.Winkelman, Michael. Shamanism: A Biopsychosocial Paradigm of Consciousness and Healing. 2nd ed. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2010. Use for shamanism as a ritual technology involving altered consciousness, healing, social integration, symbolism, and body-brain processes.Winkelman, Michael. “Shamanism and Psychedelics: A Biogenetic Structuralist Paradigm of Ecopsychology.” European Journal of Ecopsychology 4 (2013): 90–115. Use as supplemental background on shamanism, altered consciousness, and comparative models of trance and visionary states.Kontouli, Athanasia, Michael J. Hove, Alexandre Lehmann, Peter Vuust, and Peter E. Keller. “The Rhythms of Trance: Cultural Phenomenology and Neural Mechanisms of Music-Induced Lewis-Williams, David. The Mind in the Cave: Consciousness and the Origins of Art. London: Thames & Hudson, 2002. Use cautiously for altered states, entoptic imagery, ritual vision, and the relationship between neuropsychology and symbolic culture.Non-Ordinary States of Consciousness.” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2026. Use for the bridge between cultural phenomenology and neuroscience. This supports the point that music-induced trance is not only acoustics; it involves body, training, expectation, culture, environment, and interpretation.Tart, Charles T., ed. Altered States of Consciousness. New York: Wiley, 1969. Use as classic altered-state background.Hultkrantz, Åke. “The Drum in Shamanism.” Use for classic comparative material on the shamanic drum, especially Arctic, SiberiAlso want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball. A
If you enjoy this episode, we're sure you will enjoy more content like this on The Occult Rejects. In fact, we have curated playlists on occult topics like grimoires, esoteric concepts and phenomena, occult history, analyzing true crime and cults with an occult lens, Para politics, and occultism in music. Whether you enjoy consuming your content visually or via audio, we've got you covered - and it will always be provided free of charge. So, if you enjoy what we do and want to support our work of providing accessible, free content on various platforms, please consider making a donation to the links provided below. Thank you and enjoy the episode!Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsBuy Me A Coffeebuymeacoffee.com/TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsBiblioBernardi, Luciano, Peter Sleight, Gabriele Bandinelli, Simone Cencetti, Luciano Fattorini, Johanna Wdowczyc-Szulc, and Alfonso Lagi. “Effect of Rosary Prayer and Yoga Mantras on Autonomic Cardiovascular Rhythms: Comparative Study.” BMJ 323, no. 7327 (2001): 1446–1449.Benson, Herbert, John W. Lehmann, Mark S. Malhotra, Ralph F. Goldman, Jeffrey Hopkins, and Mark D. Epstein. “Body Temperature Changes During the Practice of g Tum-mo Yoga.” Nature 295 (1982): 234–236.Benson, Herbert, Mark S. Malhotra, Ralph F. Goldman, Gregory D. Jacobs, and Jeffrey Hopkins. “Three Case Reports of the Metabolic and Electroencephalographic Changes During Advanced Buddhist Meditation Techniques.” Behavioral Medicine 16, no. 2 (1990): 90–95.Bremer, Brandon, Lorenzo Wu, Zoran Josipovic, and colleagues. “Mindfulness Meditation Increases Default Mode, Salience, and Central Executive Network Connectivity.” Scientific Reports 12 (2022).Brewer, Judson A., Patrick D. Worhunsky, Jeremy R. Gray, Yi-Yuan Tang, Jochen Weber, and Hedy Kober. “Meditation Experience Is Associated with Differences in Default Mode Network Activity and Connectivity.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 50 (2011): 20254–20259.Britton, Willoughby B. and colleagues. Research associated with the “Varieties of Contemplative Experience” project on meditation-related challenges, adverse effects, and safety considerations in contemplative practice.Crowley, Aleister. Liber E vel Exercitiorum sub figura IX. In the A∴A∴ training corpus. Relevant sections include asana, pranayama, and dharana as foundational magical exercises.Dennison, Paul. “Insights From an EEG Study of Buddhist Jhāna Meditation.” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 13 (2019).Fialoke, Shantala, Helen Weng, and colleagues. “Functional Connectivity Changes in Meditators and Novices During Yoga Nidra Practice.” Scientific Reports 14 (2024).Fox, Kieran C. R., Savannah Nijeboer, Matthew L. Dixon, James L. Floman, Melissa Ellamil, Samuel P. Rumak, Peter Sedlmeier, and Kalina Christoff. “Is Meditation Associated with Altered Brain Structure? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Morphometric Neuroimaging in Meditation Practitioners.” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 43 (2014): 48–73.Hölzel, Britta K., James Carmody, Mark Vangel, Christina Congleton, Sita M. Yerramsetti, Tim Gard, and Sara W. Lazar. “Mindfulness Practice Leads to Increases in Regional Brain Gray Matter Density.” Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 191, no. 1 (2011): 36–43.Kozhevnikov, Maria, Olesya Louchakova, Zoran Josipovic, and Michael A. Motes. “The Enhancement of Visuospatial Processing Efficiency Through Buddhist Deity Meditation.” Psychological Science 20, no. 5 (2009): 645–653.Kozhevnikov, Maria, John A. Elliott, Jennifer Shephard, and Klaus Gramann. “Neurocognitive and Somatic Components of Temperature Increases During g-Tummo Meditation: Legend and Reality.” PLOS ONE 8, no. 3 (2013): e58244.Laukkonen, Ruben E., and Heleen A. Slagter. “From Many to (N)one: Meditation and the Plasticity of the Predictive Mind.” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 128 (2021): 199–217.Lomas, Tim, Juan Carlos Ivtzan, and Itai K. Fu. “A Systematic Review of the Neurophysiology of Mindfulness on EEG Oscillations.” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 57 (2015): 401–410.Lott, James P., Richard J. Davidson, John D. Dunne, Thupten Jinpa, Antoine Lutz, and colleagues. “No Detectable Electroencephalographic Activity After Clinical Declaration of Death Among Tibetan Buddhist Meditators in Apparent Tukdam.” Frontiers in Psychology 11 (2021): 599190.Lutz, Antoine, Lawrence L. Greischar, Nancy B. Rawlings, Matthieu Ricard, and Richard J. Davidson. “Long-term Meditators Self-induce High-amplitude Gamma Synchrony During Mental Practice.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101, no. 46 (2004): 16369–16373.Lutz, Antoine, Julie Brefczynski-Lewis, Tom Johnstone, and Richard J. Davidson. “Regulation of the Neural Circuitry of Emotion by Compassion Meditation: Effects of Meditative Expertise.” PLoS ONE 3, no. 3 (2008): e1897.Matko, Karin, Peter Sedlmeier, and colleagues. “Adverse Effects of Meditation and Mindfulness in Clinical Practice.” 2025.Patanjali. Yoga Sutras. Especially Book III, traditionally describing dharana, dhyana, and samadhi.Riegner, Gretchen, Fadel Zeidan, and colleagues. “Disentangling Self from Pain: Mindfulness Meditation-Induced Pain Relief Is Driven by Thalamic-Default Mode Network Decoupling.” Pain 164, no. 2 (2023): 280–291.Tang, Yi-Yuan, Britta K. Hölzel, and Michael I. Posner. “The Neuroscience of Mindfulness Meditation.” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 16 (2015): 213–225.Vago, David R., and David A. Silbersweig. “Self-awareness, Self-regulation, and Self-transcendence: A Framework for Understanding the Neurobiological Mechanisms of Mindfulness.” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 6 (2012): 296.Zeidan, Fadel, and colleagues. Research on mindfulness meditation, pain modulation, attention, and the neural mechanisms of pain relief.Slagter, Heleen A., Antoine Lutz, Lawrence L. Greischar, Andrew D. Francis, Sander Nieuwenhuis, James M. Davis, and Richard J. Davidson. “Mental Training Affects Distribution of Limited Brain Resources.” PLOS Biology 5, no. 6 (2007): e138. Use for: Attentional blink, limited attention, and meditation changing how the brain allocates resources.Hölzel, Britta K., James Carmody, Mark Vangel, Christina Congleton, Sita M. Yerramsetti, Tim Gard, and Sara W. Lazar. “Mindfulness Practice Leads to Increases in Regional Brain Gray Matter Density.” Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 191, no. 1 (2011): 36–43. Use for: Neuroplasticity, repeated practice leaving measurable marks on the brain, and the “practice writes itself into the practitioner” idea.Laukkonen, Ruben E., and Heleen A. Slagter. “From Many to (N)one: Meditation and the Plasticity of the Predictive Mind.” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 128 (2021): 199–217. Use for: Predictive processing, the brain as a prediction machine, meditation loosening automatic models, and the “veil” argument.Lutz, Antoine, Julie Brefczynski-Lewis, Tom Johnstone, and Richard J. Davidson. “Regulation of the Neural Circuitry of Emotion by Compassion Meditation: Effects of Meditative Expertise.” PLOS ONE 3, no. 3 (2008): e1897. Use for: Compassion meditation, loving-kindness, emotional circuitry, and training compassion as a repeatable state rather than just a moral idea.Kok, Bethany E., Kimberly A. Coffey, Michael A. Cohn, Lahnna I. Catalino, Tanya Vacharkulksemsuk, Sara B. Algoe, Marc A. Brantley, and Barbara L. Fredrickson. “How Positive Emotions Build Physical Health: Perceived Positive Social Connections Account for the Upward Spiral Between Positive Emotions and Vagal Tone.” Psychological Science 24, no. 7 (2013): 1123–1132. Use for: Loving-kindness, social connection, vagal tone, and the cautious “social nervous system” bridge.Black, David S., and George M. Slavich. “Mindfulness Meditation and the Immune System: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1373, no. 1 (2016): 13–24. Use for: Immune-system caution, inflammation markers, cell-mediated immunity, biological aging, and why this material should be framed as tentative rather than miracle healing.Burić, Ivana, Miguel Farias, Jonathan Jong, Christopher Mee, and Inti A. Brazil. “What Is the Molecular Signature of Mind–Body Interventions? A Systematic Review of Gene Expression Changes Induced by Meditation and Related Practices.” Frontiers in Immunology 8 (2017): 670. Use for: Stress biology, inflammatory gene expression, NF-kB-related language, and the cautious claim that mind-body practices may affect biology below ordinary mood.Also want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball. A
What if one of the most powerful medicines for longevity, resilience, happiness, cognitive health, and disease prevention wasn't found in a supplement, a prescription, or a cutting-edge biohack—but in the people around you? In this powerful solo episode, Darin Olien dives into one of the most overlooked health crises of our time: loneliness. Drawing from the landmark 85-year Harvard Adult Development Study, the U.S. Surgeon General's loneliness epidemic report, Blue Zones research, neuroscience, and evolutionary biology, Darin reveals why meaningful human connection may be one of the strongest predictors of health and longevity ever discovered. From oxytocin, cortisol, inflammation, vagal tone, and nervous system regulation to suburban design, social media, and the collapse of community structures, Darin exposes the hidden biological costs of isolation—and offers a practical roadmap for rebuilding the human connections we were biologically designed to need. What You'll Learn The stunning findings from Harvard's 85-year Adult Development Study Why relationships outperform wealth, genetics, diet, and exercise as predictors of well-being How loneliness increases the risk of premature death, dementia, heart disease, and stroke Why social isolation creates measurable biological stress responses The role of oxytocin in lowering inflammation and regulating stress How human connection affects the autonomic nervous system Why Blue Zone communities consistently prioritize social connection The biological difference between digital interaction and real human presence How modern architecture and technology contribute to loneliness Why community is a biological necessity—not a luxury Practical ways to rebuild meaningful relationships today How connection may be one of the most powerful health interventions available Chapters 00:00:00 – Welcome to SuperLife 00:00:33 – Sponsor: Bite Toothpaste and reducing plastic waste 00:02:49 – The most powerful health study ever conducted 00:03:01 – Harvard follows 724 people for 85 years 00:03:40 – The surprising predictor of a long, healthy life 00:04:00 – Why relationships beat wealth, genetics, diet, and exercise 00:04:42 – The Surgeon General's loneliness epidemic warning 00:05:19 – Introducing the medicine you're not taking 00:05:53 – The health benefits of genuine community 00:06:21 – The fatal convenience of modern life 00:06:47 – Replacing human connection with digital connection 00:07:12 – Why modern convenience may be creating isolation 00:07:23 – Social isolation and premature mortality 00:08:02 – Loneliness and the equivalent of smoking 15 cigarettes a day 00:08:43 – Increased risks of heart disease, stroke, and dementia 00:09:10 – Why loneliness is a biological threat 00:09:52 – The science behind social isolation 00:10:11 – Sponsor: Manna Vitality 00:12:06 – Humans as the most socially dependent species 00:12:53 – Why connection regulates the nervous system 00:13:29 – The autonomic nervous system and social safety 00:13:56 – The brain's constant question: Am I safe? 00:14:03 – The biology of belonging 00:14:24 – The ventral vagal state explained 00:14:55 – Why connection creates measurable physiological changes 00:15:03 – What happens when isolation becomes chronic 00:15:52 – Oxytocin: far more than the "love hormone" 00:16:20 – Eye contact, touch, meals, and human bonding 00:16:42 – How oxytocin lowers stress and inflammation 00:17:04 – Why no supplement can replace connection 00:17:17 – The pharmacology of authentic human moments 00:18:06 – Free medicine hidden in plain sight 00:18:39 – Dan Buettner and the Blue Zones 00:19:29 – What the world's longest-lived populations have in common 00:19:36 – Okinawa's lifelong friendship circles 00:20:08 – Sardinia's active elders and social roles 00:20:40 – Greece's culture of connection and communal meals 00:21:03 – Why longevity wasn't hacked—it was lived 00:21:38 – Social connection as the foundation of daily life 00:22:01 – The shocking decline in face-to-face interaction 00:22:21 – Young people losing 70% of in-person social time 00:22:58 – How community was systematically dismantled 00:23:00 – Robert Putnam's Bowling Alone 00:23:49 – Doing life together versus doing life alone 00:24:05 – How suburban design creates isolation 00:24:49 – The built environment shapes human behavior 00:24:55 – Social media and the promise of connection 00:25:20 – Why digital connection fails biologically 00:25:33 – Social comparison, anxiety, and nervous system stress 00:25:49 – More connected online, more isolated in reality 00:26:03 – A call to action: treating relationships like health practices 00:27:00 – Practical ways to rebuild community 00:28:00 – Prioritizing people over convenience 00:29:00 – Deep conversations, presence, and intentional connection 00:30:00 – Reclaiming community in modern life 00:31:00 – Final thoughts on connection, belonging, and health 00:31:53 – Closing remarks and outro Thank You to Our Sponsors Bite Toothpaste: Go to trybite.com/DARIN20 or use code DARIN20 for 20% off your first order Manna Vitality: Go to mannavitality.com/ and use code DARIN12 for 12% off your order. Join the SuperLife Patreon: This is where Darin now shares the deeper work: - weekly voice notes - ingredient trackers - wellness challenges - extended conversations - community accountability - sovereignty practices Join now for only $7.49/month at https://patreon.com/darinolien Find More from Darin Olien: Website: darinolien.com Instagram: @darinolien Book: Fatal Conveniences Platform & Products: superlife.com New Show: Roadmap to Happiness Key Takeaway "The longest-running study in human history reached a conclusion that should fundamentally change how we think about health: the quality of our relationships predicts our happiness, resilience, and longevity more than almost anything else. Human connection isn't a luxury, a personality trait, or a nice bonus when life slows down. It is biology. It is medicine. And in a world increasingly designed for isolation, rebuilding community may be one of the most important health decisions we ever make." Bibliography/Sources: Primary Research — Loneliness, Social Isolation & Health Associated Press. (2023, May 2). Surgeon general: Loneliness poses health risks as deadly as smoking. PBS NewsHour. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/surgeon-general-loneliness-poses-health-risks-as-deadly-as-smoking Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2009). Perceived social isolation and cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(10), 447–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.005 Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., & Layton, J. B. (2010). Social relationships and mortality risk: A meta-analytic review. PLoS Medicine, 7(7), e1000316. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316 Office of the Surgeon General. (2023). Our epidemic of loneliness and isolation: The U.S. Surgeon General's advisory on the healing effects of social connection and community. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/surgeon-general-social-connection-advisory.pdf Waldinger, R. J., & Schulz, M. S. (2010). What's love got to do with it? Social functioning, perceived health, and daily happiness in married octogenarians. Psychology and Aging, 25(2), 422–431. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019087 Neuroscience — Oxytocin, Polyvagal Theory & Community Biology Carter, C. S. (1998). Neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23(8), 779–818. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4530(98)00055-9 Eisenberger, N. I., & Lieberman, M. D. (2004). Why rejection hurts: A common neural alarm system for physical and social pain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(7), 294–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.05.010 Heinrichs, M., Baumgartner, T., Kirschbaum, C., & Ehlert, U. (2003). Social support and oxytocin interact to suppress cortisol and subjective responses to psychosocial stress. Biological Psychiatry, 54(12), 1389–1398. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00465-7 Porges, S. W. (2011). The polyvagal theory: Neurophysiological foundations of emotions, attachment, communication, and self-regulation. W. W. Norton & Company. https://wwnorton.com/books/9780393707007 Blue Zones Research Buettner, D., & Skemp, S. (2016). Blue Zones: Lessons from the world's longest lived. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 10(5), 318–321. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827616637066 Kreouzi, M., Theodorakis, N., & Constantinou, C. (2022). Lessons learned from Blue Zones, lifestyle medicine pillars and beyond. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1177/15598276221118494 Suzuki, M., Willcox, B. J., & Willcox, D. C. (2001). Implications from and for food cultures for cardiovascular disease: Longevity. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 10(2), 165–171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6047.2001.00219.x The power of environment: A comprehensive review of the exposome's role in healthy aging. (2025). PubMed Central (PMC11858149). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11858149/ Social Capital & Community Decline Oldenburg, R. (1999). The great good place: Cafés, coffee shops, bookstores, bars, hair salons, and other hangouts at the heart of a community. Marlowe & Company. https://books.google.com/books?id=cK80BwAAQBAJ Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon & Schuster. https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Bowling-Alone/Robert-D-Putnam/9780743203043 Sbarra, D. A., Briskin, J. L., & Slatcher, R. B. (2019). Smartphones and close relationships: The case for an evolutionary mismatch. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14(4), 596–618. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619826535 Twenge, J. M., Joiner, T. E., Rogers, M. L., & Martin, G. J. (2018). Increases in depressive symptoms, suicide-related outcomes, and suicide rates among U.S. adolescents after 2010 and links to increased new media screen time. Journal of Adolescent Health, 62(1), 78–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.06.014 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2020). American time use survey. U.S. Department of Labor. https://www.bls.gov/tus/ Pennebaker & Authentic Disclosure Brown, B. (2012). Daring greatly: How the courage to be vulnerable transforms the way we live, love, parent, and lead. Gotham Books. https://brenebrown.com/book/daring-greatly/ Pennebaker, J. W. (1997). Writing about emotional experiences as a therapeutic process. Psychological Science, 8(3), 162–166. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00403.x
Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsBuy Me A Coffeebuymeacoffee.com/TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsPart 1: The Road of RhythmPart 1 focuses on the drum as an ancient technology of altered consciousness. The argument is not that every beat causes trance, or that neuroscience has proven spirits. The stronger argument is that rhythm enters the human organism through hearing, motor prediction, breath, movement, attention, emotion, expectation, culture, and social synchrony. The drum becomes powerful when sound, body, group, ritual frame, and meaning converge. These sources support the archaeology, neuroscience, EEG research, shamanic studies, possession studies, Indigenous and culturally specific drum traditions, ritual theory, placebo and meaning-response research, ceremonial magic, and modern witchcraft material used in the episode.Core Academic and Scientific SourcesHuels, Emma R., Hyoungkyu Kim, UnCheol Lee, Tirsa Bel-Bahar, Ana V. Colmenero, Alexandra Nelson, Stefanie Blain-Moraes, George A. Mashour, and Richard E. Harris. “Neural Correlates of the Shamanic State of Consciousness.” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 15 (2021): 610466. Use for the strongest modern EEG anchor. This study used high-density EEG with shamanic practitioners and controls during rest, shamanic drumming, and classical music listening. It assessed altered-state reports alongside brain measures such as power, connectivity, signal diversity, and criticality. Use carefully: the study does not prove spirits or show that drumming mechanically causes trance in everyone. It supports the more careful claim that trained practitioners entering shamanic states with drumming show measurable brain-state differences.Gordon, Yoel, Golan Karvat, Noa Dagan, and Ayelet N. Landau. “Neural Tracking at Theta Predicts Drumming-Induced Altered States of Consciousness.” Scientific Reports 16, no. 1 (2026): Article 10204. Use for the strongest updated drumming/theta/neural-tracking source. This study tested drumming at theta, delta, and alpha-rate rhythms while recording EEG, and found that stronger rhythmic neural tracking at theta was linked to stronger altered-experience reports. Use carefully: this does not mean theta equals the spirit world or that one frequency opens a portal. The serious point is that altered experience may depend partly on how strongly the nervous system tracks rhythmic stimulation.Aparicio-Terrés, R., et al. “The Neurobiology of Altered States of Consciousness Induced by Drumming and Other Rhythmic Sound Patterns.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2025. Use for the newer review literature showing that rhythmic sound is now a serious altered-consciousness research topic. This supports the opening claim that modern academia is examining drumming, rhythmic sound, absorption, relaxation, cognition, and neural activity without reducing the subject to one simple “trance frequency.” The review is especially useful for framing the field as promising but still complex.Neher, Andrew. “Auditory Driving Observed with Scalp Electrodes in Normal Subjects.” Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 13 (1961): 449–451. Use for the historical bridge between repetitive sound, EEG, auditory driving, and early scientific interest in rhythmic stimulation.Neher, Andrew. “A Physiological Explanation of Unusual Behavior in Ceremonies Involving Drums.” Human Biology 34, no. 2 (1962): 151–160. Use carefully. This is useful as an early attempt to connect ceremonial drumming and physiology, but it should be balanced with Rouget because the “drum simply causes trance” argument is too mechanical.Maurer, R., V. K. Kumar, L. Woodside, and R. J. Pekala. “Phenomenological Experience in Response to Monotonous Drumming and Hypnotizability.” American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 40, no. 2 (1997): 130–145. Use for monotonous drumming, subjective altered experience, imagery, absorption, and hypnotizability.Maxfield, Melinda C. “Effects of Rhythmic Drumming on EEG and Subjective Experience.” PhD diss., Institute of Transpersonal Psychology, 1990. Use as older supporting context on drumming, EEG, imagery, body-image changes, and subjective altered experience. Do not make this the main scientific proof; use it as background.Nozaradan, Sylvie, Isabelle Peretz, and André Mouraux. “Tagging the Neuronal Entrainment to Beat and Meter.” The Journal of Neuroscience 31, no. 28 (2011): 10234–10240. Use for EEG evidence that the brain can track beat and meter. This supports the claim that the brain does not merely hear rhythm as background sound; it can represent rhythmic structure in measurable ways.Nozaradan, Sylvie. “Exploring How Musical Rhythm Entrains Brain Activity with Electroencephalogram Frequency-Tagging.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 369, no. 1658 (2014). Use as broader rhythm/EEG entrainment support. This helps explain frequency-tagging, beat tracking, meter, neural entrainment, and the measurable relationship between rhythmic structure and brain activity.Thaut, Michael H., Gerald C. McIntosh, and Volker Hoemberg. “Neurobiological Foundations of Neurologic Music Therapy: Rhythmic Entrainment and the Motor System.” Frontiers in Psychology 5 (2015). Use for rhythm as motor-system timing information. This supports the claim that a beat can become bodily instruction, not just sound for the ear. Especially useful when discussing rhythmic auditory stimulation, motor planning, gait, entrainment, and the auditory-motor bridge.Ross, Jessica M., John R. Iversen, and Ramesh Balasubramaniam. “Time Perception for Musical Rhythms: Sensorimotor Perspectives on Entrainment, Simulation, and Prediction.” 2022. Use for rhythm, timing, prediction, sensorimotor entrainment, and the way musical rhythm interacts with time perception.Hove, Michael J., and Jane L. Risen. “It's All in the Timing: Interpersonal Synchrony Increases Affiliation.” Social Cognition 27, no. 6 (2009): 949–960. Use for synchrony and social bonding. This helps support the group-body argument: moving or acting in time with others can increase affiliation.Wiltermuth, Scott S., and Chip Heath. “Synchrony and Cooperation.” Psychological Science 20, no. 1 (2009): 1–5. Use for the claim that synchronized movement can increase cooperation and attachment among participants.Tarr, Bronwyn, Jacques Launay, and Robin I. M. Dunbar. “Music and Social Bonding: ‘Self-Other' Merging and Neurohormonal Mechanisms.” Frontiers in Psychology 5 (2014): 1096. Use for music, synchrony, bonding, endorphin/social mechanisms, and why group rhythm can feel like more than private listening.Fancourt, Daisy, Rosie Perkins, Sara Ascenso, Louise Atkins, Fatima Kilfeather, and Aaron Williamon. “Effects of Group Drumming Interventions on Anxiety, Depression, Social Resilience and Inflammatory Immune Response among Mental Health Service Users.” PLOS ONE 11, no. 3 (2016): e0151136. Use for modern group-drumming research showing psychological and physiological effects, including anxiety, depression, social resilience, wellbeing, and inflammatory immune response. Use carefully: this does not make group drumming a cure-all. It supports the more grounded claim that embodied rhythm and group participation can affect mood, social connection, and body chemistry.Bittman, Barry B., et al. “Composite Effects of Group Drumming Music Therapy on Modulation of Neuroendocrine-Immune Parameters in Normal Subjects.” Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 7, no. 1 (2001): 38–47. Use as older supporting material on group drumming and neuroendocrine-immune measures. Keep secondary. Fancourt is cleaner for the main script body.Archaeology and Deep History of DrumsLawergren, Bo. “Neolithic Drums in China.” In Music Archaeology in China. 2006. Use for clay drums in Neolithic China and the deep-history claim that drums are not just poetic symbols of antiquity. They appear in the archaeological record as instruments tied to early sound-making, ceremony, and social order.Both, Arnd Adje. “Music Archaeology: Some Methodological and Theoretical Considerations.” Use as general support for why ancient instruments should be treated as ritual and social evidence, not merely decorative objects.Anthropology, Ethnomusicology, Ritual, and TranceRouget, Gilbert. Music and Trance: A Theory of the Relations Between Music and Possession. Translated by Brunhilde Biebuyck. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985. Essential source. Use for the caution that music does not mechanically or universally cause trance. Rouget helps keep the argument academically serious by emphasizing culture, ritual frame, meaning, and expectation.Becker, Judith. Deep Listeners: MAlso want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball. A
The human brain works very hard behind the scenes even in the most mundane aspects of daily life, like enjoying a nice day or determining the meaning of chit-chat with a friend. Ferreting out the basis and structures of our brain's labor is the domain of Daniel Yon, a psychologist and neuroscientists and director of the Uncertainty Lab at Birkbeck, University of London. In this Social Science Bites podcast, Yon - author of the 2025 book A Trick of the Mind: How the Brain Invents Your Reality -- details for interviewer David Edmonds why he feels that just as science itself represents a solid - but not "bullet-proof" way of interpreting the natural world, science also well describes how the brain itself does the same. "I think that at the heart of what I think science and the brain share is this preoccupation with building theories and models based on the data that you've gathered and using those theories to make sense of the world around you. That's a very powerful way to make sense of things," he explains, before adding the caveat, "but it also means that once you start to build your theories and paradigms, they can become the filter and the lens through which everything else gets seen." Yon's scholarship has earned him a number of honors, such as the Experimental Psychology Society's EPS Prize and the Janet Taylor Spence Award from the Association for Psychological Science. He has also been named a Rising Star by the Cognitive Neuroscience Society and received a mid-career fellowship by the British Academy.
What if the anxiety, overthinking, people pleasing, emotional shutdown, hypervigilance, burnout, and relationship struggles you experience today… were never actually "you" to begin with? In this deeply personal and profoundly eye-opening solo episode, Darin Olien dives into the hidden nervous system programming formed between the ages of 0 and 8 that silently shapes our adult lives. Drawing from neuroscience, trauma research, attachment theory, epigenetics, somatic healing, and his own emotional breakthroughs, Darin explores how childhood experiences become subconscious operating systems that influence everything from relationships and stress responses to chronic disease and self-worth. This episode is a powerful roadmap toward healing. Darin breaks down the science behind trauma, the ACE study, nervous system dysregulation, emotional patterning, and neuroplasticity, while also sharing practical tools like somatic experiencing, expressive writing, EMDR, and Internal Family Systems to help listeners begin rewiring their emotional lives from the inside out. What You'll Learn How childhood experiences program the nervous system Why most adult emotional reactions are subconscious survival patterns The connection between trauma, stress hormones, and chronic disease How the nervous system stores emotional experiences in the body Why people pleasing, hypervigilance, burnout, and emotional shutdown develop The science behind neuroplasticity and rewiring the brain What the ACE Study revealed about childhood trauma and adult health How trauma impacts the amygdala, hippocampus, and stress-response systems Why emotional patterns are adaptations, not character flaws How epigenetics can pass trauma responses across generations The role of somatic experiencing in trauma healing Practical tools for emotional regulation and nervous system repair Chapters 00:00:03 – Welcome to SuperLife 00:00:32 – Sponsor: Bite Toothpaste and eliminating toxic plastic exposure 00:02:47 – Darin introduces emotional reactions and nervous system triggers 00:03:15 – A personal story about reacting vs responding in conflict 00:03:50 – Emotional shutdowns, rage, withdrawal, people pleasing, and overcorrection 00:04:19 – Darin's physical pain journey and emotional discoveries in 2025 00:04:42 – Birth trauma, childhood conditioning, and nervous system programming 00:05:04 – Why the ages of 0–8 are the most neurologically influential years 00:05:18 – Theta and delta brainwave states during childhood 00:05:55 – How children absorb emotional patterns without filters 00:06:22 – Childhood experiences becoming subconscious operating systems 00:06:44 – Adults unknowingly living through a 5-year-old nervous system 00:07:12 – Why this episode became deeply personal for Darin 00:07:35 – The neuroscience behind stress responses and emotional conditioning 00:08:17 – Brain development, neuroplasticity, and subconscious programming 00:09:13 – How the HPA axis, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex are shaped early in life 00:09:45 – Core childhood questions that program the nervous system 00:10:29 – Why adult stress responses originate in childhood environments 00:11:05 – Research showing childhood adversity alters brain structure and chemistry 00:11:18 – The ACE Study explained 00:11:49 – Why patients losing weight became emotionally overwhelmed 00:12:18 – The ten categories of adverse childhood experiences 00:13:02 – "The health crisis of America begins in childhood" 00:13:36 – How adverse childhood experiences increase disease risk 00:14:03 – Suicide, alcoholism, autoimmune disease, depression, and trauma correlations 00:14:37 – Chronic disease as a nervous system issue 00:15:04 – Survival mode, inflammation, hormonal dysregulation, and emotional scarcity 00:15:42 – Self-sabotage and emotional coping patterns explained 00:16:02 – Why your emotional patterns are not character flaws 00:16:22 – Childhood survival adaptations and nervous system intelligence 00:16:52 – Hypervigilance, people pleasing, rage, emotional shutdown, and fear 00:17:05 – Sponsor: Manna Vitality and frequency-based wellness 00:18:59 – Epigenetics and inherited trauma responses 00:19:22 – Cortisol regulation genes and hyperactive stress responses 00:19:51 – Holocaust survivors, inherited trauma, and generational nervous systems 00:20:19 – Why healing requires nervous system awareness—not just intellectual understanding 00:20:45 – "You were never supposed to get over it—you were supposed to heal from it" 00:21:01 – Real-life examples of subconscious nervous system programming 00:21:16 – Why receiving compliments can feel unsafe 00:21:30 – Darin's personal struggle with overachievement and scarcity programming 00:22:03 – Emotional neglect, chronic striving, and feeling "not enough" 00:22:16 – The nervous system roots of burnout and exhaustion 00:22:23 – Hair-trigger emotional reactions and hyperactive amygdala responses 00:22:38 – Chronic self-abandonment and losing personal boundaries 00:22:52 – Fear of intimacy, trust issues, and emotional safety 00:23:02 – "The body keeps the score" explained 00:23:22 – Trauma stored in posture, breath, digestion, immunity, and emotional regulation 00:23:43 – Harvard research on trauma-related brain changes 00:24:19 – The radical power of neuroplasticity and nervous system rewiring 00:24:48 – Why healing requires conscious participation 00:25:01 – Darin shares how healing changed decades of emotional pain 00:25:33 – Somatic Experiencing and Peter Levine's trauma work 00:25:57 – How animals discharge stress naturally 00:26:23 – Trauma as incomplete physiological responses frozen in the body 00:26:42 – Why humans suppress emotional discharge 00:27:16 – PTSD research and the effectiveness of somatic experiencing 00:27:41 – A step-by-step somatic grounding practice 00:28:14 – Why healing is more powerful with a regulated person beside you 00:28:38 – EMDR and reprocessing traumatic experiences 00:28:55 – Internal Family Systems and the "parts" inside the psyche 00:29:13 – Inner critics, overachievers, and nervous system adaptations 00:29:39 – Compassionately listening to emotional parts instead of suppressing them 00:29:51 – Expressive writing as a trauma healing practice 00:30:22 – The neuroscience behind emotional journaling 00:30:48 – A four-day expressive writing protocol for healing 00:31:05 – "You are not broken" 00:31:16 – Reprogramming the nervous system through love and safety 00:31:37 – Why deep healing happens in the presence of another regulated person 00:31:52 – Darin considers creating a future healing workshop 00:32:04 – Final reflections: "You are not what happened to you" 00:32:12 – Peace. Love. SuperLife. Thank You to Our Sponsors Bite Toothpaste: Go to trybite.com/DARIN20 or use code DARIN20 for 20% off your first order Manna Vitality: Go to mannavitality.com/ and use code DARIN12 for 12% off your order. Join the SuperLife Patreon: This is where Darin now shares the deeper work: - weekly voice notes - ingredient trackers - wellness challenges - extended conversations - community accountability - sovereignty practices Join now for only $7.49/month at https://patreon.com/darinolien Connect with Darin Olien: Website: darinolien.com Instagram: @darinolien Book: Fatal Conveniences Platform & Products: superlife.com New Show: Roadmap to Happiness Key Takeaway "The emotional patterns, fears, reactions, and coping mechanisms that run your adult life are often survival adaptations created by your nervous system during childhood. They are not your identity. They are not permanent. And through awareness, somatic healing, emotional processing, nervous system regulation, and conscious repetition, those deeply rooted patterns can be rewritten into something healthier, freer, and more aligned with who you truly are." Bibliography/Sources Neuroscience & Early Programming Agorastos, A., Pervanidou, P., Chrousos, G. P., & Baker, D. G. (2019). Developmental trajectories of early life stress and trauma: A narrative review on neurobiological aspects beyond stress system dysregulation. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, Article 118. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00118 Bolton, J. L., Short, A. K., Simeone, K. A., Daglian, J., & Baram, T. Z. (2019). Programming of stress-sensitive neurons and circuits by early-life experiences. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 13, Article 30. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00030 Shonkoff, J. P., & Boyce, W. T. (2024). Toxic stress and developmental programming of the HPA axis. Annual Review of Developmental Psychology. https://www.annualreviews.org/journal/devpsych Teicher, M. H., & Ohashi, K. (2023). Childhood trauma and reduced hippocampal, anterior cingulate, and corpus callosum volumes. JAMA Psychiatry. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry van der Kolk, B. A. (2014). The body keeps the score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma. Viking / Penguin. https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/313183/the-body-keeps-the-score-by-bessel-van-der-kolk-md/ ACE Study & Adverse Childhood Experiences Felitti, V. J. (2002). The relation between adverse childhood experiences and adult health: Turning gold into lead. The Permanente Journal, 6(1), 44–47. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6112216/ Felitti, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2010). The relationship of adverse childhood experiences to adult health, well-being, social function, and healthcare. In R. Lanius, E. Vermetten, & C. Pain (Eds.), The impact of early life trauma on health and disease (pp. 77–87). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511777042 Hillis, S., Mercy, J., Amobi, A., & Kress, H. (2023). Economic burden of health conditions associated with adverse childhood experiences among U.S. adults. JAMA Network Open, 6(12). https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen Liu, Y., Croft, J. B., Chapman, D. P., et al. (2013). Associations between adverse childhood experiences and health outcomes in adults aged 18–59 years. PLOS ONE, 8(3), e58625. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058625 Epigenetics & Trauma Baratta, M. V., et al. (2021). Epigenetics of childhood trauma: Long term sequelae and potential for treatment. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 132, 1049–1063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.043 Jiang, S., Postovit, L., Cattaneo, A., Binder, E. B., & Aitchison, K. J. (2019). Epigenetic modifications in stress response genes associated with childhood trauma. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, Article 808. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00808 Provençal, N., & Binder, E. B. (2015). The effects of early life stress on the epigenome: From the womb to adulthood and even before. Experimental Neurology, 268, 10–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.12.001 Healing Modalities — Research Brom, D., Stokar, Y., Lawi, C., et al. (2017). Somatic experiencing for posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized controlled outcome study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 30(3), 304–312. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22189 Fratarolli, J. (2006). Experimental disclosure and its moderators: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132(6), 823–865. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.6.823 Gilbert, P. (2009). The compassionate mind: A new approach to life's challenges. New Harbinger Publications. https://www.newharbinger.com/9781572248403/the-compassionate-mind/ Justice Resource Institute. (2022). Evaluation of the efficacy of Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapy for trauma-related symptoms among complexly traumatized adults. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05155930. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05155930 Kuhfuß, M., Maldei, T., Hetmanek, A., & Baumann, N. (2021). Somatic experiencing — effectiveness and key factors of a body-oriented trauma therapy. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), Article 1929023. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1929023 Levine, P. A. (2010). In an unspoken voice: How the body releases trauma and restores goodness. North Atlantic Books. https://www.northatlanticbooks.com/shop/in-an-unspoken-voice/ Neff, K. D., & Germer, C. K. (2013). A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the Mindful Self-Compassion Program. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(1), 28–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21923 Pennebaker, J. W. (1997). Writing about emotional experiences as a therapeutic process. Psychological Science, 8(3), 162–166. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00403.x Rodenburg, R., Benjamin, A., de Roos, C., Meijer, A. M., & Stams, G. J. (2009). Efficacy of EMDR in children: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(7), 599–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.06.008 Schwartz, R. C. (2021). No bad parts: Healing trauma and restoring wholeness with the Internal Family Systems model. Sounds True. https://www.soundstrue.com/products/no-bad-parts Shapiro, F. (2017). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy: Basic principles, protocols, and procedures (3rd ed.). Guilford Press. https://www.guilford.com/books/Eye-Movement-Desensitization-and-Reprocessing/Francine-Shapiro/9781462532766
Send us Fan Mail You know that moment when early morning sunlight catches you the right way and something inside you just settles. The tension in your shoulders drops. The mind quiets. Most of us write it off as a nice moment and move on. But what if light itself, specific wavelengths delivered in specific ways, is one of the most powerful tools we have for supporting brain and body wellness? Avik sits down with Sarah Turner, neuroscientist and co-founder of CeraThrive, to explore the science of photobiomodulation. They cover how near-infrared light penetrates the skull and reaches the brain, why mitochondria respond to it the way they do, what most of us are missing by living indoors under blue-lit screens, and the simplest free way anyone can start: stepping outside at sunrise. About the Guest: Sarah Turner is a neuroscientist, former pharmaceutical research scientist, and the co-founder and CEO of CeraThrive. She holds a postgraduate degree in Clinical Neuroscience from Roehampton University and BSc degrees in Psychological Sciences and Nutritional Medicine. Her company developed the CERA System, the first FDA-listed red light therapy device specifically targeting the gut-brain axis. She also co-hosts the Rebel Scientist biohacking podcast and is pursuing a Photobiomodulation diploma at the University of Montpellier. Key Takeaways: Near-infrared light penetrates the skull and reaches the surface of the brain. It is not a wellness metaphor, it is a measurable biological process. Mitochondria receive light at specific wavelengths and respond by producing more ATP, the energy molecule the body uses for everything. More energy means better function, especially in the brain. Most of us live in a state of near-infrared deficiency. We are an outdoor species living indoors under blue-lit screens. Some of what we call fatigue, brain fog, or low mood is actually a missing nutrient: natural light. Sleep is not a passive state. It is an energy-intensive process where the brain flushes waste, lays down memories, and repairs itself. Without enough cellular energy, those processes do not complete properly. Photobiomodulation for brain health is still in the early stages of clinical validation. Promising data is emerging for cognitive enhancement, mood, sleep, and even neurodegeneration, but specific medical claims require more research. The cheapest, simplest intervention is free. Step outside at sunrise. See natural light before you see your phone. The body knows what to do with it. Connect With the Guest: Website: The Cera System | Optimize the Gut-Brain Axis! – CeraThrive LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sarah-turner-cerathrive/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/cerathrive/ Rebel Scientist podcast: Available on major podcast platforms Episode Chapters: [00:00] Cold Open — That Quiet Moment in Early Sunlight [02:30] Welcome and Introducing Sarah Turner [05:00] From Pharmaceutical Research to Light Therapy: Sarah's Pivot [09:00] The Biggest Misconception About Red Light Reaching the Brain [12:00] What Actually Happens When Light Hits Your Mitochondria [14:30] Brain Fog, Sleep, and the Near-Infrared We Are All Missing [18:00] Why Sleep Needs Energy and How Light Therapy Supports It [22:30] The Honest State of the Clinical Evidence [24:00] Where to Start: Sunrise, Sleep Timing, and Small Changes [27:00] Where to Find Sarah and Closing Reflections Want to be a guest on Healthy Mind, Healthy Life? DM on PM - Send me a message on PodMatch DM Me Here: https://www.podmatch.com/hostdetailpreview/avik Disclaimer: This episode is produced for educational and informational purposes only. All views expressed by the guest are their personal opinions alone and do not represent the views of the host or Healthy Mind by Avik™. The Network does not verify, endorse, or assume responsibility for any guest statements. Nothing in this episode constitutes medical, legal, financial, or professional advice, please consult a qualified professional before making any decisions. Listeners are encouraged to engage critically and independently with all content do not consume blindly. Use this content as a starting point for your own reflection and research, not as a substitute for professional guidance. Third-party content is referenced under fair use for informational purposes only. Guest speakers are solely responsible for their own statements. If you have concerns about any content, please contact us here. By listening, you acknowledge and accept this disclaimer in full. Read detailed disclaimer here. Healthy Mind By Avik™ is a global platform redefining mental health as a necessity, not a luxury. Born during the pandemic, it's become a sanctuary for healing, growth, and mindful living. Hosted by Avik Chakraborty, storyteller, survivor, and wellness advocate. With over 6500+ episodes and 200K+ global listeners, we unite voices, break stigma, and build a world where every story matters. Subscribe and be part of this healing journey. Brand: Healthy Mind By Avik™ | Email: https://www.podhub.club/contact | Website: https://www.podhub.club | Based in: India & USA Listen to all podcast shows: https://www.podhub.club/podcastnetwork | Be a guest: https://www.podhub.club/beaguest | Newsletter: https://healthymindbyavik.substack.com/ #podmatch #healthymindbyavik #podhub.club #photobiomodulation #redlighttherapy #gutbrainaxis #brainwellness #SarahTurner #CeraThrive #mitochondria #naturalhealing #circadianhealth #biohacking #sleepscience #neuroinflammation #healthymindhealthylife Support the show Want to Be a Guest on Healthy Mind, Healthy Life?
What if the smallest act of vulnerability… could completely change someone's life? In this deeply heartfelt solo episode, Darin explores a simple but radically transformative idea: go first. In a world where people are more digitally connected yet emotionally isolated than ever before, Darin breaks down the neuroscience, psychology, and human power behind making eye contact, giving genuine compliments, expressing appreciation, and risking authentic connection. From oxytocin and nervous system regulation to loneliness research and real-life stories of spontaneous connection with strangers, this episode is a reminder that healing doesn't always begin in a therapist's office—it can begin in a coffee shop, a grocery line, or a brief moment where one human being chooses to truly see another. What You'll Learn Why modern society is experiencing a crisis of disconnection and loneliness The hidden psychological cost of avoiding vulnerability Why brief positive interactions with strangers improve mental health The neuroscience behind social rejection and fear of connection How oxytocin, dopamine, and serotonin are activated through authentic interaction Why vulnerability is a trainable "muscle" that rewires your nervous system The power of eye contact, compliments, and acknowledgment Why meaningful human interaction lowers stress and inflammation How small moments of courage create ripple effects for others Practical ways to "go first" and create more connection every day Chapters 00:00:32 – Sponsor: Fatty15 and the science of cellular health 00:01:03 – C15:0, mitochondrial function, and healthy aging 00:02:12 – Why many people may be deficient in C15 00:03:19 – "Celebrate science": discovering new essential fatty acids 00:04:13 – Opening reflection: noticing strangers in everyday life 00:04:52 – The moment we stop ourselves from speaking 00:05:10 – How many genuine moments do we suppress every day? 00:05:33 – Why these "tiny swallowed moments" matter deeply 00:06:02 – Humanity starving for real human connection 00:06:23 – "I see you. You are real to me." 00:06:51 – Vulnerability begins in ordinary daily moments 00:07:18 – The central thesis: "Go first" 00:07:37 – More surrounded and more isolated than ever before 00:07:57 – Research: meaningful interactions with strangers rarely happen 00:08:07 – Loneliness and lack of belonging in modern society 00:08:27 – Gen Z and Millennials: digitally connected yet emotionally isolated 00:08:47 – The silent routines of everyday life 00:09:16 – Why engaging with strangers feels risky or intrusive 00:09:47 – The cost of avoiding connection 00:10:12 – University of British Columbia study on strangers and belonging 00:10:48 – Positive interactions reducing loneliness and increasing happiness 00:11:03 – People predict interactions will be awkward—and are wrong 00:11:15 – Darin's recent experiments talking to strangers 00:11:38 – "Everyone wants connection" 00:12:00 – The emotional lives strangers are carrying invisibly 00:12:22 – One sentence can remind someone they matter 00:12:38 – Why vulnerability feels biologically terrifying 00:13:05 – Social rejection activating the same pathways as physical pain 00:13:20 – Ancient survival wiring and fear of exclusion 00:13:49 – "Your brain is firing a lion alert" 00:14:05 – What happens biologically when you push through fear 00:14:17 – Dopamine and meaningful social interaction 00:14:53 – Why real connection feels different from notifications 00:14:59 – Oxytocin as an anti-inflammatory bonding hormone 00:15:26 – Genuine interactions changing biology in seconds 00:15:43 – Polyvagal theory and nervous system safety states 00:16:17 – Vulnerability as a practice and a muscle 00:16:37 – Darin's valet story: "Bring the cash back!" 00:17:10 – How small interactions can shift someone's entire day 00:17:20 – Going deeper with loved ones and emotional openness 00:17:53 – Vulnerability rewiring the nervous system 00:18:07 – "If you want love, be love" 00:18:24 – Small acts of kindness shifting your heart and brain 00:18:53 – Sponsor: Shakeology and nutrient density 00:20:40 – Six practical ways to practice vulnerability 00:21:05 – Action #1: make eye contact and say hello 00:21:25 – Stop swallowing genuine compliments 00:21:46 – Asking deeper, more meaningful questions 00:22:05 – Giving honest answers instead of autopilot responses 00:22:28 – Seeing and acknowledging "invisible" people 00:22:50 – Gratitude toward workers, attendants, and strangers 00:23:04 – Reaching out to someone who changed your life 00:23:30 – "Going first" is about willingness, not fearlessness 00:23:59 – Stop hiding behind your phone and look around 00:24:16 – Human connection as medicine and nervous system healing 00:24:35 – Tell someone they made you smile today 00:24:50 – Calling loved ones and expressing appreciation 00:24:59 – "Don't let another moment go by without fully engaging in your life" 00:25:07 – Closing reflections: "This is SuperLife" Thank You to Our Sponsors Fatty15: Get an additional 15% off their 90-day subscription Starter Kit by going to fatty15.com/DARIN and using code DARIN at checkout. Shakeology: Get 15% off with code DARINO1BODI at Shakeology.com. Join the SuperLife Community Get Darin's deeper wellness breakdowns — beyond social media restrictions: Weekly voice notes Ingredient deep dives Wellness challenges Energy + consciousness tools Community accountability Extended episodes Join for $7.49/month → https://patreon.com/darinolien Find More from Darin Olien: Instagram: @darinolien Podcast: SuperLife Podcast Website: superlife.com Book: Fatal Conveniences New Show: Roadmap to Happiness Key Takeaway "Vulnerability isn't weakness, it's willingness. The willingness to go first. To smile first. To speak first. To love first. Because every time you choose connection over fear, you're not only changing someone else's day… you're rewiring your own biology, your nervous system, and your relationship to the world around you." Bibliography/Sources: Public Health & Loneliness Data American Psychological Association. (2023). Stress in America 2023: A nation in crisis. https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress British Red Cross. (2022). Tackling loneliness: From awareness to action. https://www.redcross.org.uk/about-us/what-we-do/action-on-loneliness Cigna. (2023). Cigna U.S. loneliness index. Evernorth Health Services. https://newsroom.cigna.com/loneliness-epidemic-continues-to-rise-cigna-study The Science of Micro-Connections & Strangers Barlow, J., & Møller, C. (1996). A complaint is a gift: Recovering customer loyalty when things go wrong. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. https://www.bkconnection.com/books/title/A-Complaint-Is-a-Gift Epley, N., & Schroeder, J. (2014). Mistakenly seeking solitude. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(5), 1980–1999. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037323 Sandstrom, G. M., & Dunn, E. W. (2014a). Is efficiency overrated? Minimal social interactions lead to belonging and positive affect. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 5(4), 437–442. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550613502990 Sandstrom, G. M., & Dunn, E. W. (2014b). Social interactions and well-being: The surprising power of weak ties. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40(7), 910–922. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167214529799 Neuroscience of Social Rejection & Vulnerability Eisenberger, N. I. (2012). The neural bases of social pain: Evidence for shared representations with physical pain. Psychosomatic Medicine, 74(2), 126–135. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e3182464dd1 Eisenberger, N. I., & Lieberman, M. D. (2004). Why rejection hurts: A common neural alarm system for physical and social pain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(7), 294–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.05.010 Gross, J. J., & Levenson, R. W. (1997). Hiding feelings: The acute effects of inhibiting negative and positive emotion. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106(1), 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.106.1.95 Porges, S. W. (2011). The polyvagal theory: Neurophysiological foundations of emotions, attachment, communication, and self-regulation. W. W. Norton & Company. https://wwnorton.com/books/9780393707007 Gratitude, Disclosure & Emotional Expression Algoe, S. B. (2012). Find, remind, and bind: The functions of gratitude in everyday relationships. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6(6), 455–469. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2012.00439.x Algoe, S. B., Haidt, J., & Gable, S. L. (2008). Beyond reciprocity: Gratitude and relationships in everyday life. Emotion, 8(3), 425–429. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.8.3.425 Frattaroli, J. (2006). Experimental disclosure and its moderators: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132(6), 823–865. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.6.823 Pennebaker, J. W. (1997). Writing about emotional experiences as a therapeutic process. Psychological Science, 8(3), 162–166. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00403.x Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60(5), 410–421. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.5.410 Relationship Building, Oxytocin & Health Aron, A., Melinat, E., Aron, E. N., Vallone, R. D., & Bator, R. J. (1997). The experimental generation of interpersonal closeness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(4), 363–377. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167297234003 Brown, B. (2012). Daring greatly: How the courage to be vulnerable transforms the way we live, love, parent, and lead. Gotham Books / Penguin. https://brenebrown.com/book/daring-greatly/ Canevello, A., & Crocker, J. (2010). Creating good relationships: Responsiveness, relationship quality, and interpersonal goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(1), 78–106. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018186 Cohen, S., Doyle, W. J., Turner, R. B., Alper, C. M., & Skoner, D. P. (2003). Sociability and susceptibility to the common cold. Psychological Science, 14(5), 389–395. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.01452 Szeto, A., Sun-Suslow, N., Mendez, A. J., Hernandez, R. I., Wagner, K. V., & McCabe, P. M. (2017). Regulation of the macrophage oxytocin receptor in response to inflammation. American Journal of Physiology—Endocrinology and Metabolism, 312(2), E183–E189. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00424.2016 Uvnas-Moberg, K. (2003). The oxytocin factor: Tapping the hormone of calm, love, and healing. Da Capo Press. https://books.google.com/books?id=b-aKjQoB_nQC
Everyone's talking about the male loneliness epidemic. But after six years of hosting this show and seven years of coaching women through their friendship issues, Danielle has noticed something that doesn't get nearly enough attention: men's friendship struggles don't stay contained. They spill over: into your energy, your guilt, your decisions about who you spend time with, and how much of yourself you actually have left to give your own friends.When men are disconnected from one another, women bear the burden. In this episode, Danielle walks through three specific ways she's seen this play out, both in the research and across hundreds of coaching sessions. You'll also hear directly from 4 different listeners who submitted voice notes about what they're experiencing. She also shares clips from her conversation with researcher Sherrie Xue, whose study on men avoiding "date-like" activities with their male friends went viral for a reason.
What if loneliness isn't just an emotion… but one of the most dangerous biological threats to your health? In this deeply personal and scientifically explosive solo episode, Darin opens up about something he recently realized in his own life: despite being surrounded by people, he was lonely. But what began as an emotional realization quickly became a deep dive into some of the most shocking research he's ever uncovered, showing that chronic loneliness may increase the risk of heart disease, dementia, cancer, autoimmune dysfunction, accelerated aging, and early death. From inflammatory gene expression and cortisol dysregulation to oxytocin, vulnerability, and the collapse of real human connection in the digital age, this episode reveals why loneliness may be the most overlooked "fatal convenience" of modern life, and how vulnerability may be the medicine. What You'll Learn Why loneliness is a biological crisis, not just an emotional feeling The shocking link between loneliness and heart disease, dementia, and early death Why the quality of your relationships is the #1 predictor of long-term health How loneliness activates inflammatory genes inside your body The role of cortisol, sleep disruption, and chronic stress in social isolation Why social media and "surface-level connection" are replacing real intimacy The connection between loneliness and Alzheimer's disease How oxytocin and genuine connection reduce inflammation Why vulnerability is the gateway to meaningful relationships Practical ways to create deeper connection starting today Chapters 00:00:33 – Sponsor: the truth about the exploding NAD supplement market 00:01:04 – Why supplement verification and transparency matter 00:02:17 – Opening: Darin admits something deeply personal 00:02:30 – "I realized recently… I'm lonely" 00:02:37 – The difference between being surrounded by people vs being truly known 00:03:06 – Loneliness as a biological experience, not just an emotional one 00:03:27 – The hidden risks: heart disease, dementia, cancer, early death 00:03:45 – Why this is not fringe science 00:04:13 – The most important predictor of long-term health 00:04:34 – Why relationship QUALITY matters more than quantity 00:05:06 – The global loneliness epidemic 00:05:11 – U.S. Surgeon General advisory on loneliness 00:05:39 – Loneliness declared a public health crisis 00:06:02 – 50% of Americans report measurable loneliness 00:06:22 – "A generational collapse of connection" 00:06:30 – 29% of adults have no close friends 00:06:40 – Face-to-face interactions dramatically declining 00:07:01 – The UK, Japan, and Australia loneliness crisis initiatives 00:07:32 – The paradox: hyperconnected but deeply isolated 00:08:04 – Loneliness as a biological alarm signal 00:08:31 – What loneliness actually looks like in modern life 00:08:42 – The lonely CEO, the unseen mother, the isolated social media addict 00:09:31 – "Perceived social isolation" and why the brain can't tell the difference 00:10:21 – Meta-analysis of 3.4 million people 00:10:55 – Loneliness vs obesity and smoking risk comparisons 00:11:18 – The biology of loneliness begins 00:11:50 – NF-kB: inflammatory gene activation explained 00:12:33 – How loneliness changes gene expression 00:13:02 – Chronic inflammation and disease pathways 00:13:21 – Cortisol, sleep disruption, and immune dysfunction 00:14:00 – How loneliness affects brain repair and amyloid plaque clearing 00:14:21 – Sponsor: Fatty15 and cellular health 00:18:02 – The Alzheimer's and dementia connection 00:18:25 – Loneliness as a major modifiable dementia risk factor 00:18:57 – Cortisol, neuroinflammation, and brain degeneration 00:19:16 – The hippocampus physically shrinking in lonely people 00:19:27 – Social media as a "fatal convenience" 00:19:57 – The oxytocin economy: connection as medicine 00:20:15 – Oxytocin as one of the body's strongest anti-inflammatory molecules 00:20:30 – HeartMath research: emotional synchronization between people 00:20:48 – "You regulate each other's biology" 00:21:07 – The real barrier: vulnerability 00:21:32 – Darin's recent experiences with radical vulnerability 00:21:54 – Conversations with family, ex-partners, and loved ones 00:22:35 – Brené Brown's research on connection and worthiness 00:23:14 – The "depth audit" exercise 00:23:42 – Reaching out, expressing appreciation, and owning your emotions 00:24:01 – Sacred hours: spending time without phones 00:24:13 – Questions that create real intimacy 00:24:30 – Darin's emotional conversation with his brother 00:25:03 – Protecting yourself from social media disconnection 00:25:20 – Becoming a source of joy and connection in everyday life 00:25:25 – Darin reflects on seven years of subtle loneliness 00:25:48 – The shift from surface conversations to meaningful connection 00:26:01 – "If you want love, give love" 00:26:19 – Final message: generate the connection you want to receive 00:26:22 – Closing thoughts and outro Thank You to Our Sponsors Truniagen: Go to www.truniagen.com and use code DARIN20 at checkout for 20% off Fatty15: Get an additional 15% off their 90-day subscription Starter Kit by going to fatty15.com/DARIN and using code DARIN at checkout. Join the SuperLife Community Get Darin's deeper wellness breakdowns — beyond social media restrictions: Weekly voice notes Ingredient deep dives Wellness challenges Energy + consciousness tools Community accountability Extended episodes Join for $7.49/month → https://patreon.com/darinolien Connect with Darin Olien: Website: darinolien.com Instagram: @darinolien Book: Fatal Conveniences Platform & Products: superlife.com New Show: Roadmap to Happiness Key Takeaway "Loneliness isn't weakness. It isn't failure. It's a biological signal telling you that something essential is missing. And in a world addicted to surface-level connection, the real medicine may simply be this: vulnerability, presence, eye contact, honesty, and the courage to let yourself truly be seen." Bibliography/Sources The Loneliness Epidemic & Public Health Data Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2023). American time use survey. U.S. Department of Labor. https://www.bls.gov/tus/ Cigna. (2023). Cigna U.S. loneliness index. Evernorth Health Services. https://newsroom.cigna.com/loneliness-epidemic-continues-to-rise-cigna-study Murthy, V. H. (2023). Our epidemic of loneliness and isolation: The U.S. Surgeon General's advisory on the healing effects of social connection and community. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/surgeon-general-social-connection-advisory.pdf Survey Center on American Life. (2021). The state of American friendship: Change, challenges, and loss. American Enterprise Institute. https://www.americansurveycenter.org/research/the-state-of-american-friendship-change-challenges-and-loss/ Mortality & Systemic Health Risk Cohen, S., Doyle, W. J., Skoner, D. P., Rabin, B. S., & Gwaltney, J. M. (1997). Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold. JAMA, 277(24), 1940–1944. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9200634/ Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Loneliness matters: A theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 40(2), 218–227. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20396846/ Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: A meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 227–237. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614568352 Valtorta, N. K., Kanaan, M., Gilbody, S., Ronzi, S., & Hanratty, B. (2016). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke. Heart, 102(13), 1009–1016. https://heart.bmj.com/content/102/13/1009 Genetics, Inflammation & The Immune System Cole, S. W. (2013). Social regulation of human gene expression: Mechanisms and implications for public health. American Journal of Public Health, 103(S1), S84–S92. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3786756/ Cole, S. W., Hawkley, L. C., Arevalo, J. M. G., Sung, C. Y., Rose, R. M., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2007). Social regulation of gene expression in human leukocytes. Genome Biology, 8(9), Article R189. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2375027/ Sleep & Cognitive Decline Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., Berntson, G. G., Ernst, J. M., Gibbs, A. C., Stickgold, R., & Hobson, J. A. (2002). Do lonely days invade the nights? Potential social modulation of sleep efficiency. Psychological Science, 13(4), 384–387. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12137144/ Holwerda, T. J., Deeg, D. J. H., Beekman, A. T. F., et al. (2014). Feelings of loneliness, but not social isolation, predict dementia onset. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 85(2), 135–142. https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/85/2/135 Oxytocin & The Biology of Connection Szeto, A., Sun-Suslow, N., Mendez, A. J., Hernandez, R. I., Wagner, K. V., & McCabe, P. M. (2017). Regulation of the macrophage oxytocin receptor in response to inflammation. American Journal of Physiology—Endocrinology and Metabolism, 312(2), E183–E189. https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpendo.00424.2016 Uvnas-Moberg, K. (2003). The oxytocin factor: Tapping the hormone of calm, love, and healing. Da Capo Press. https://books.google.com/books?id=b-aKjQoB_nQC Psychology, Vulnerability & Relationship Science Aron, A., Melinat, E., Aron, E. N., Vallone, R. D., & Bator, R. J. (1997). The experimental generation of interpersonal closeness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(4), 363–377. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167297234003 Brown, B. (2010). The gifts of imperfection: Let go of who you think you're supposed to be and embrace who you are. Hazelden Publishing. https://brenebrown.com/book/the-gifts-of-imperfection/ Cacioppo, J. T., & Patrick, W. (2008). Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection. W. W. Norton & Company. https://wwnorton.com/books/9780393335286 Dunbar, R. I. M. (2012). Bridging evolutionary approaches to the social brain and social bonding. In F. B. M. de Waal & P. F. Ferrari (Eds.), The primate mind. Harvard University Press. https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674063104 Dunbar, R. I. M. (2021). Friends: Understanding the power of our most important relationships. Little, Brown and Company. https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/robin-dunbar/friends/9781408711736/ Waldinger, R., & Schulz, M. (2023). The good life: Lessons from the world's longest scientific study on happiness. Simon & Schuster. https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Good-Life/Robert-Waldinger/9781982166694
What if the clothes you're putting on your body, or your child's body, every single day… were quietly poisoning you? In this explosive solo episode, Darin exposes a shocking and largely ignored reality: fast fashion clothing, especially brightly colored, cheap garments, may be loaded with toxic heavy metals like lead. Backed by a 2026 study from the American Chemical Society, this conversation reveals how these chemicals don't just sit on fabric, they leach into your skin, enter your bloodstream, and accumulate over time. From the hidden chemistry behind synthetic dyes to the devastating neurological effects of lead exposure in children, this episode pulls back the curtain on one of the most overlooked "fatal conveniences" in modern life—and gives you the tools to make safer, smarter choices starting today. What You'll Learn The shocking discovery: children's clothing exceeding federal lead limits Why bright, cheap fast fashion items are the most toxic How heavy metals like lead are used to fix dyes into fabrics Why your skin is not a barrier, but a direct absorption pathway The connection between clothing, sweat, and chemical absorption The devastating effects of lead exposure on children's brains and development Why there is no safe level of lead exposure The hidden chemical load in fast fashion: PFAS, phthalates, formaldehyde How the fast fashion industry cuts costs at the expense of health Practical steps to protect yourself and your family Chapters 00:00:00 – Opening: introducing the fast fashion heavy metal crisis 00:00:17 – The "cheap t-shirt" scenario and hidden danger 00:00:46 – Speaking directly to parents and caregivers 00:01:30 – The shocking claim: clothing may contain neurotoxins 00:02:45 – 2026 study: children's clothing tested for lead 00:03:14 – Every sample exceeded federal safety limits 00:04:20 – Lead exposure happening through daily wear 00:05:33 – Fast fashion industry scale: $150B+ and growing 00:06:20 – 1,000 new styles per day: the system behind overproduction 00:07:09 – How cheap clothing is actually manufactured 00:07:49 – Chemical dyes and fixatives explained 00:08:20 – Why lead is used in fabric dyeing 00:08:49 – Study details: methodology and testing process 00:09:21 – Research team and origin of investigation 00:10:52 – Advanced testing: spectroscopy and EPA protocols 00:11:40 – Results: every shirt failed safety standards 00:12:10 – Bright colors = higher toxicity 00:13:05 – Secondary experiment: ingestion and mouthing behavior 00:14:00 – Children chewing clothing: real-world exposure 00:14:49 – Skin is not a barrier—it's a delivery system 00:15:30 – Sweat and heat increase chemical absorption 00:16:28 – Microplastics and chemical leaching through skin 00:17:13 – Exercise increases toxin absorption 00:18:00 – Flame retardants and systemic circulation 00:18:50 – Long-term exposure: accumulation over time 00:19:36 – No safe level of lead exposure—global consensus 00:20:15 – Effects on children: brain damage and development issues 00:21:14 – Behavioral, cognitive, and neurological consequences 00:22:00 – Broader chemical exposure: 8,000+ compounds in clothing 00:23:01 – Solutions begin: awareness and behavior change 00:23:40 – Immediate action: always wash new clothes 00:24:10 – Choosing safer fabrics: organic and natural materials 00:24:50 – Avoiding synthetic blends and bright dyes 00:25:20 – Buy less, buy better philosophy 00:26:01 – Supporting ethical and non-toxic brands 00:26:40 – Using your consumer voice to create change 00:27:10 – Educating others and spreading awareness 00:27:40 – Final message: protecting your body and your children 00:28:00 – Closing: reclaiming control and living a SuperLife Thank You to Our Sponsors: Our Place – Non-toxic cookware that keeps harmful chemicals out of your food. Get 10% off at fromourplace.com with code DARIN. Tru Niagen – Boost NAD+ levels for cellular health and longevity. Get 20% off with code DARIN20 at truniagen.com. Find More From Darin: Website: darinolien.com Instagram: @darinolien Book: Fatal Conveniences Key Takeaway "Your skin is not a shield—it's a gateway. And when you start to realize that the things you wear every day can carry toxic chemicals directly into your body, everything changes. Because this isn't about fear—it's about awareness. And once you're aware, you have the power to choose differently, protect your family, and stop participating in a system that was never designed with your health in mind." Bibliography/Sources The Primary Study American Chemical Society. (2026, March 23). Initial tests find lead in children's fast-fashion clothing [Press release]. https://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2026/march/initial-tests-find-lead-in-childrens-fast-fashion-clothing.html Deavers, K., Avello, C., & Espinoza, P. (2026, March 22–26). Lead contamination in fast fashion children's clothing [Paper presentation]. ACS Spring 2026 Meeting, Atlanta, GA, United States. HealthDay. (2026, March 24). Cheap children's clothing tainted with lead, study says. U.S. News & World Report. https://www.usnews.com/news/health-news/articles/2026-03-24/cheap-childrens-clothing-tainted-with-lead-study-says Marian University. (2026, March 23). Marian University students warn of lead in children's fast-fashion clothing. Marian University Newsroom. https://www.marian.edu/newsroom/2026/03/marian-university-students-warn-of-lead-in-childrens-fast-fashion-clothing ScienceDaily. (2026, April 2). Initial tests find lead in children's fast-fashion clothing. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2026/04/260402042737.htm Texfash. (n.d.). Lead found in fast-fashion children's clothing as preliminary tests exceed federal safety limits. Texfash Update. https://texfash.com/update/lead-found-in-fast-fashion-children-s-clothing-as-preliminary-tests-exceed-federal-safety-limits Lead Toxicity & Children's Health Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (n.d.). Lead toxicity: What are possible health effects from lead exposure? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://archive.cdc.gov/www_atsdr_cdc_gov/csem/leadtoxicity/physiological_effects.html American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. (n.d.). Lead exposure in children affects brain and behavior. https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Lead-Exposure-In-Children-Affects-Brain-And-Behavior-045.aspx Brain Injury Association of America. (2021). Chronic lead exposure: A non-traumatic brain injury. https://biausa.org/public-affairs/public-awareness/news/chronic-lead-exposure-a-non-traumatic-brain-injury Canfield, R. L., et al. (2004). Intellectual impairment in children with blood lead concentrations below 10 μg per deciliter. New England Journal of Medicine, 348, 1517–1526. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2025). Risk factors and children. Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/risk-factors/children.html Hubbs-Tait, L., et al. (2005). Neurotoxicants, micronutrients, and social environments: Individual and combined effects on children's development. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 6(3), 57–121. Lanphear, B. P., et al. (2005). Environmental lead exposure and children's cognitive function. Environmental Health Perspectives. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4675165/ Liu, J., et al. (2013). A clinical study of the effects of lead poisoning on the intelligence and neurobehavioral abilities of children. BMC Pediatrics. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3598508/ Needleman, H. L., & Bellinger, D. (2001). Recent developments in low-level lead exposure and intellectual impairment in children. Environmental Health Perspectives. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1247191/ Skin Absorption & Transdermal Chemical Exposure Abafe, O., et al. (2024). Flame retardants leach from microplastics into human sweat; absorption through skin demonstrated. Environment International. Corinti, D., et al. (2018). Chemicals from textiles to skin: An in vitro permeation study of benzothiazole. PubMed Central. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133113/ EveryRep. (2025). Non-toxic activewear: The BPA, PFAS and polyester risk. https://everyrep.com/synthetic-toxins-endocrine-safety/ University of Birmingham. (2024, April). Toxic chemicals from microplastics can be absorbed through skin. https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/news/2024/toxic-chemicals-from-microplastics-can-be-absorbed-through-skin Fast Fashion: Industry Scale, Chemicals & Health Impacts Cobbing, M., Wohlgemuth, A., & Panhuber, T. (2022). Greenpeace investigation: Hazardous chemicals in SHEIN garments. Greenpeace International. Earth Day Network. (n.d.). Hazardous hems: How fashion wreaks havoc on health. https://www.earthday.org/hazardous-hems-how-fashion-wreaks-havoc-on-health/ Earth Day Network. (n.d.). Toxic textiles: The chemicals in our clothing. https://www.earthday.org/toxic-textiles-the-chemicals-in-our-clothing/ Enhesa. (2026). Toxic chemicals in fast fashion supply chains: Risks, impacts, and regulation. https://www.enhesa.com/resources/article/toxic-chemicals-in-fast-fashion-supply-chains-risks-impacts-and-regulation/ Giró-Palau, A., et al. (2025). The health impact of fast fashion: Exploring toxic chemicals in clothing and textiles. MDPI Encyclopedia, 5(2), 84. https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8392/5/2/84 Green America. (n.d.). Unpacking toxic textiles. https://greenamerica.org/unraveling-fashion-industry/unpacking-toxic-textiles Million Marker. (2024). Fast fashion: A toxic trend and the path to sustainable change. https://millionmarker.com/blogs/blog/fast-fashion-is-toxic OsloMet Clothing Research. (2025). From clothes to skin: Chemical safety in ultra-fast fashion and luxury brands' clothes. https://clothingresearch.oslomet.no/2025/06/03/from-clothes-to-skin-chemical-safety-in-ultra-fast-fashion-and-luxury-brands-clothes/ Fast Fashion Industry Statistics & Environmental Scope Center for Biological Diversity. (n.d.). At what cost? Unravelling the harms of the fast fashion industry. https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/programs/population_and_sustainability/sustainability/fast_fashion Earth.org. (2026). Fast fashion and its environmental impact. https://earth.org/fast-fashions-detrimental-effect-on-the-environment/ Niinimäki, K., et al. (2020). The environmental price of fast fashion. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-020-0039-9 The Sustainable Agency. (2026). Environmental & human impact of fast fashion: 2026 facts. https://thesustainableagency.com/blog/impact-of-fast-fashion-stats-and-facts/ Uniform Market. (2025). Environmental impact of fast fashion statistics. https://www.uniformmarket.com/statistics/fast-fashion-statistics Certifications & Resources for Cleaner Clothing bluesign. (n.d.). bluesign standard. https://www.bluesign.com Global Organic Textile Standard. (n.d.). GOTS. https://global-standard.org Oeko-Tex. (n.d.). Oeko-Tex Standard 100. https://www.oeko-tex.com/en/our-standards/oeko-tex-standard-100 Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals. (n.d.). Roadmap to zero. https://www.roadmaptozero.com