Podcasts about East

One of the four cardinal directions

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    Best podcasts about East

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    Latest podcast episodes about East

    Witness History
    President Clinton plays the sax in Prague

    Witness History

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 23, 2025 9:50


    In January 1994, two presidents enjoyed a memorable night in the Czech Republic – ending with an impromptu jazz performance.Five years after the fall of communism, the US president Bill Clinton visited Prague to share his hopes for a new transatlantic alliance.Key to his vision was his friendship with the Czech president Vaclav Havel, a playwright who had been imprisoned for dissidence during the Cold War.During the visit, Havel arranged a series of surprises for Clinton including a reunion with the family he had stayed with on a visit to Prague in 1970.The final surprise took place at the city's famous Reduta jazz club. Havel presented Clinton with a saxophone and the two friends performed together on stage – a moment which came to symbolise the new partnership between East and West.Vicky Farncombe uses archive from the Vaclav Havel Center and the William J Clinton Presidential Library to relive the big night out.Eye-witness accounts brought to life by archive. Witness History is for those fascinated by the past. We take you to the events that have shaped our world through the eyes of the people who were there. For nine minutes every day, we take you back in time and all over the world, to examine wars, coups, scientific discoveries, cultural moments and much more. Recent episodes explore everything from football in Brazil, the history of the ‘Indian Titanic' and the invention of air fryers, to Public Enemy's Fight The Power, subway art and the political crisis in Georgia. We look at the lives of some of the most famous leaders, artists, scientists and personalities in history, including: visionary architect Antoni Gaudi and the design of the Sagrada Familia; Michael Jordan and his bespoke Nike trainers; Princess Diana at the Taj Mahal; and Görel Hanser, manager of legendary Swedish pop band Abba on the influence they've had on the music industry. You can learn all about fascinating and surprising stories, such as the time an Iraqi journalist hurled his shoes at the President of the United States in protest of America's occupation of Iraq; the creation of the Hollywood commercial that changed advertising forever; and the ascent of the first Aboriginal MP.(Photo: Presidents perform at the Reduta jazz club. Credit: Office of the President of the Czech Republic)

    Gary and Shannon
    East LA Tragedy, East Hollywood Chaos, and a Storm of Theories

    Gary and Shannon

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 21, 2025 27:01 Transcription Available


    Investigation is ongoing regarding the cause of the East LA explosion that resulted in the deaths of three LASD detectives. Meanwhile, LA police are searching for a man suspected of shooting a driver in a crash in East Hollywood that injured over 30 people. Additionally, a California cloud-seeding company has become the focus of a conspiracy theory related to flooding in Texas. In other news, an Altadena couple believes that coyotes and bears can coexist as friends.

    Light of the East
    Light of the East 1087 Healing the 1,000 Year Schism

    Light of the East

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 21, 2025 27:29


    Pope St. John Paul II reminds us that the Catholic "breathes with both lungs east and west." There are actually 21 different, ancient and venerable ways to be Catholic

    Pod of Fame
    New England Road Trip Recap

    Pod of Fame

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 21, 2025 44:24


    Jim spent over 2 weeks driving through New England last month. He visited dozens of small towns along the way, but had extended stays in Stowe, Portland, Portsmouth, Boston, Nantucket, and Newport. Jim covers the highlights of each of those stops (4:03), before recapping the top four foods he eat during his time out East (39:15).

    Birmingham Vineyard Podcast
    Build Well, Finish Well - Part 3 - Jehoshaphat: Consequences of Compromise - East Site

    Birmingham Vineyard Podcast

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 21, 2025 26:01


    Steve and Ted in the Morning
    Construction set to cause slowdown on east and westbound Kellogg in Wichita

    Steve and Ted in the Morning

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 21, 2025 40:04


    Hour 1 - The project will slow down traffic on Kellogg between the Central Business District and I-135.

    Friends at the Table
    Perpetua 10: Journey to the Bay Pt. 02

    Friends at the Table

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 20, 2025 133:36


      Led by the cries of someone in danger, the crew of the Little Snail have charged into the Celestial Echo of Redolencia, an otherworldly swampland where magic works differently and shadowy creatures flit between trees. The source of those screams was a Manakin scholar who'd wandered too far into the Echo and who now found himself face-to-face with a maneating orchid. Can these humble adventurers, still recovering from their own recent stumbles into danger, save this wandering researcher before he becomes plantfood?,  This week on Perpetua: Perpetua 09: Journey to the Bay Pt. 01 Perpetua Guide [In Progress v.03] Ongoing Mysteries - Ancient Passikan Megadungeons [OMMD] I haven't actually been to any of these yet, but if you're able to get a perfect result on the big Redolencia puzzle, these all get marked on your map. What's really weird is that if you have a separate East campaign save going at the same time, they get marked on that save's map too!  In any case, I don't know specifics about them as dungeons yet (or even if you actually go to each of these in this game), but here's some bullet points on what I DO know some details about them based on the Prelude, item descriptions, and other world exploration I've done. So I've collected those details here. The Hanging Gardens of Rillspur This is obviously where Elena is from.  Towards the center of the western continent (aka Tidaline). Three rivers run out of it, west, east, and south. In the Prelude, Harlow went here and met some people in the “pleasure gardens” and maybe saved a kid's life, it wasn't really clear during the vignette. She's referenced it having a ton of floors in dialog, and the top floors are easy and her family runs a restaurant there. It's a water dungeon (or an ice dungeon?), really not clear, especially after Redolencia's revelations about the Ennead. The Passikan people/creatures there water (or ice?) magic while inside. There are some sort of magical mosaics. Milsource, Fallen Capital Was the capital of a huge empire on the eastern continent before the rise of the Elevana League and the Hundred Burroughs.  Apparently a really important river used to run out of here but it all dried up, or somehow “left” the capital? And that was the beginning of a huge downturn in the empire.  If this is the place that Glesi and Yukai's culture was originally from (or near) in the Prelude,  Maybe the place where Sourcerot, the curse that the Eastern party is investigating, is from. Definitely what it's named for. Duriel, The Splintered Colosseum In the Holy Protectorate of Placidia, which is the area north of the mountains on Tidaline. But it ISN'T the capital of that place, which is a city called Verus. Also came up during the Prelude. Harlow went here and saw a bunch of people acting out conflicts between various gods and spirits and ancient heroes? There wasn't really any clear structure that looked like a dungeon there, though. Very close to the the Addled Shore, which was like some sort of major fog monster? Not Clear!!! The Gleaming Fortress, Lumai One of the major city-states of the Elevana League. West of the big mountain range there. Presumably tied to the Light-blessed Elves and/or Lucena. Right on the big river that runs down the whole continent in like a boomerang shape. Mysterious Southern Continent The icon for the dungeon is dead in the middle of the southern continent. We don't know jack diddly squat about this place. Not the name, not who lives there, not what sort of weapons they have, nothing. All we know from the demo is that they grow some sort of special flower or something near the “Capnae Mountains,” but they're all the way in the northwest and far from the dungeon icon. Hosted by Austin Walker (austinwalker.bsky.social) Featuring Ali Acampora (ali-online.bsky.social), Art Martinez-Tebbel (amtebbel.bsky.social), Jack de Quidt (notquitereal.bsky.social), and Andrew Lee Swan (swandre3000.bsky.social) Produced by Ali Acampora Music by Jack de Quidt (available on bandcamp) Cover Art by Ben McEntee (https://linktr.ee/benmce.art) With thanks to Amelia Renee, Arthur B., Aster Maragos, Bill Kaszubski, Cassie Jones, Clark, DB, Daniel Laloggia, Diana Crowley, Edwin Adelsberger, Emrys, Greg Cobb, Ian O'Dea, Ian Urbina, Irina A., Jack Shirai, Jake Strang, Katie Diekhaus, Ken George, Konisforce, Kristina Harris Esq, L Tantivy, Lawson Coleman, Mark Conner, Mike & Ruby, Muna A, Nat Knight, Olive Perry, Quinn Pollock, Robert Lasica, Shawn Drape, Shawn Hall, Summer Rose, TeganEden, Thomas Whitney, Voi, chocoube, deepFlaw, fen, & weakmint This episode was made with support from listeners like you! To support us, you can go to friendsatthetable.cash.

    LOST ROMAN HEROES
    Lost Roman Heroes - Episode 74: Zeno

    LOST ROMAN HEROES

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 20, 2025 72:17


    Called down from the mountainous badlands of Isauria to Constantinople by the Emperor Leo, Tarasis son of Kodissa, later known as Zeno, would have to preserve the independence of the emperors of the East. Later he would serve as one of those emperors, and as the West fell, he would be challenged to chart a path for the East, so it would not share the same fate.

    The Chronicles of a Gooner | The Arsenal Podcast
    The wait for Gyökeres continues...

    The Chronicles of a Gooner | The Arsenal Podcast

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 20, 2025 36:17


    We're back after a day off to round up all the latest Arsenal news. We talk Viktor Gyökeres and the try to figure out what the hold up is after it was confirmed that for now at least, he won't be travelling with the squad to the far East. We'll also react to the news Nwaneri's new contract seems to be all sorted, touch on Mikel Arteta's comments relating to Noni Madueke and take some of your questions/thoughts from the live chat. Viktor Gyökeres Scouting Video: https://www.patreon.com/posts/scouting-session-131522551?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link Benjamin Sesko Scouting Video: https://www.patreon.com/posts/scouting-session-130983051?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link Martin Zubimendi Scouting Video: https://www.patreon.com/posts/scouting-session-132096321?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link Christian Norgaard Scouting Video: https://www.patreon.com/posts/scouting-session-132712509?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link Eberechi Eze Scouting Video: https://www.patreon.com/posts/scouting-eze-133324398?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link Noni Madueke Scouting Video: https://www.patreon.com/posts/scouting-noni-133883613?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link Cristhian Mosquera Scouting Video: https://www.patreon.com/posts/scouting-134270008?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link Support the podcast & access benefits by joining our Patreon page: https://patreon.com/thechroniclesofagooner?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink #arsenal #afc #transfer #news

    Sermons – East Charlotte Pres

    Sunday Worship July 20th, 2025   “When Life’s Not Fair” Acts 4:23-31 Rev. Tyler Dirks   Sermon Audio   Sermon Outline: Who Are We Talking To? What Do We Say? What Do We Want? Reflection Questions: When was a time you felt like you were being treated unfairly? Who did you talk to about it, […] The post When Life’s Not Fair appeared first on East Charlotte Pres.

    Garden Of Doom
    Garden of Thought E.306 Anime Mythology or Schrodinger's Pinocchio

    Garden Of Doom

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 19, 2025 61:16


    When we ask C The Superior to present on a topic as our apprentice host, she always brings the research. She takes me through some of the premier Anime properties and their relationship to mythologies. Primarily Shintoism. But Taoism and Chinese myths are visited. Especially when we talk about how Goku and Dragonball Z is The Monkey King and Journey to the East!Along the way, there are the usual diversions and meanderings. Including a restatement on kung fu witches built like Baywatch in school girl uniforms. Do we find other mythological parallels? Why is Schrodinger referenced and what does this have to do with Pinocchio or Anime? 

    Missing Persons Mysteries
    DO NOT Hike the Appalachian Trail Until You've Heard These 50 Legends

    Missing Persons Mysteries

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 19, 2025 41:17


    DO NOT Hike the Appalachian Trail Until You've Heard These 50 Legends! There's the Appalachian Trail you see online... and then there's the one whispered about around campfires. Before you take another step on this 2,200-mile path, you need to know about its darkest secrets. This is a deep dive into the folklore of America's most famous trail. We spent hours compiling every strange story, terrifying creature, and unsolved mystery we could find. From the ancient, life-stealing spirits of the Cherokee to modern encounters with creatures that defy all explanation, we're unpacking 50 of the most disturbing legends from Georgia to Maine. This isn't just a list of scary stories—it's a guide to the paranormal landscape of the Appalachian Mountains. Learn what's really hiding in the "green tunnel." Whether you're a thru-hiker, a day-tripper, or an armchair adventurer, you will never look at these mountains the same way again. Did we miss a legend from your hometown? Let us know your own creepy trail story in the COMMENTS below!Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/missing-persons-mysteries--5624803/support.

    Called to Communion
    Magic & Video Games

    Called to Communion

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 18, 2025 51:00


    Today Dr. Anders answers your questions including: -What does it mean to be East vs West Orthodox? -Which Bible is the best to use as a Catholic? -Can you play video games that have magic in them? -Why does the Pope have to be infallible? and many more

    Badlands Media
    Breaking History Ep. 106: Gaslit by the West, Guided by the East

    Badlands Media

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 18, 2025 196:24 Transcription Available


    In this episode of Breaking History, Matt Ehret and Ghost explore how the Western political and financial elite have gaslit the public into believing in a moral high ground that doesn't exist. They contrast this with the rise of Eurasian cooperation, highlighting how Russia, China, and parts of the Global South are pursuing multipolar strategies based on real infrastructure, mutual benefit, and national sovereignty. The hosts dig into France's recent declaration to reintroduce conscription and what it signals about NATO's desperation, alongside the fading credibility of the UN and EU. Meanwhile, they examine how countries like Indonesia, India, and Saudi Arabia are quietly shifting toward BRICS and the Belt and Road Initiative, rejecting IMF austerity in favor of development-driven partnerships. Also discussed is the spiritual dimension of this geopolitical divide: the West's moral decay versus the East's emphasis on cultural and civilizational revival. The episode closes with reflections on how controlled revolutions, color movements, and financial sabotage are tools of empire, and why rejecting false dialectics is the first step toward real sovereignty. This is a sharp, global analysis of a world at the tipping point.

    Naxos Classical Spotlight
    Alan Hovhaness. A prolific legacy of East-West synthesis.

    Naxos Classical Spotlight

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 18, 2025 20:01


    The music of Alan Hovhaness, one of America's most prolific composers, enchants with his signature synthesis of East and West. Influenced by his Armenian heritage and a fascination with nature and spirituality, Hovhaness sought to create music “for all people, music which is beautiful and healing.” Raymond Bisha introduces the latest Naxos album of his works which features violinist Zina Schiff, a Heifetz protégée whose international career spans five decades on five continents.

    Neighborhood Rules
    Neighborhood Rules Ep. 152 - Summer Trades, New Roster Speculation

    Neighborhood Rules

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 18, 2025 66:54


    Coach and Tone go through Summer League hopefuls, and offer insight and early predictions on standings in the East and the somehow-even-more-supercharged-West.  Thanks for listening everybody. Have a great summer!

    Writers Bloc
    Jays Trade Deadline Preview + MLB Postseason Race

    Writers Bloc

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 18, 2025 46:42


    Brent and Daniele get back into baseball and the Blue Jays to start off the final hour. Sportsnet's MLB Insider Ben Nicholson-Smith joins the guys (2:05) to give his thoughts on what the Jays could look to do at the deadline to make a push for a division title, which teams will be sellers, and the challenge of finding available quality starting pitchers. They also touch on if there are any untouchable players in Toronto's prospect pool when it comes to a trade. D&B are then joined by USA Today Sports baseball writer, Gabe Lacques (26:13). Gabe shares his opinion on the Red Sox's chances of making a big push in the East, if we could see a surprise team emerge willing to move players for prospects, and which under-the-radar teams could be poised to take the next step.The views and opinions expressed in this podcast are those of the hosts and guests and do not necessarily reflect the position of Rogers Sports & Media or any affiliates. 

    Beans & Dice Podcast
    S25 E13 | Board Game Call In Show July 10th - Dice Tower East Day One

    Beans & Dice Podcast

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 18, 2025 134:46


    Thursdays, we host a live call in show to chat with YOU about board games you've been playing and enjoying.* (813) 618-7099 *Call in and share what you've been playing lately.Thursdays9pm ETOur Board game Call-In Show is live streaming every Thursday night at 9pm eastern.youtube.com/beansanddicepodcastCall In Show (813) 618-7099Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/BeansAndDice/Discord Link:https://discord.gg/UZ6RxyhBeansanddice@gmail.com-------------------------------------#boardgames #boardgamegeek  #tabletopgames #tabletopgaming #tabletopcommunity #gamer #gamenight #games #boardgame  #bgg 

    The Best One Yet

    David, the $725M protein bar brand, dropped its most controversial product yet… Cod fish.Pittsburgh just snagged $90B in AI investments… If all goes to plan, Pitt becomes the Austin of the East.Labubu dolls are now bigger than all of Mattel… but will these viral dolls become Beanie Babies or Barbies?Plus, France has a wild new plan to boost the economy… Cancel 2 holidays.$META $GIS $SPYWant more business storytelling from us? Check out the latest episode of our new weekly deepdive show: The untold origin story of… The Michelin Restaurant ⭐Subscribe to The Best Idea Yet: Wondery.fm/TheBestIdeaYetLinks to listen.TBOY Live Show Tickets to Chicago on sale NOW: https://www.axs.com/events/949346/the-best-one-yet-podcast-ticketsAbout Us: The daily pop-biz news show making today's top stories your business. Formerly known as Robinhood Snacks, TBOY Lite is hosted by Jack Crivici-Kramer & Nick Martell.GET ON THE POD: Submit a shoutout or fact: https://tboypod.com/shoutouts NEWSLETTER:https://tboypod.com/newsletter SOCIALS:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/tboypod TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@tboypodYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@tboypod Anything else: https://tboypod.com/ Our 2nd show… The Best Idea Yet: Wondery.fm/TheBestIdeaYetLinksEpisodes drop weekly.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

    Coaches Don't Play
    Sugar Daddy Joey & Mela Recap

    Coaches Don't Play

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 17, 2025 61:41


    Thank you to our Sponsors: Crown Tents, Diamond Bros & East 88 Construction⁠Crown Tents & Party Rentals:⁠ Mention the pod for 10% off⁠Diamond Bros & Co.:⁠ Handcrafted engagement rings. Mention 'coaches' for a special offerEast 88 Construction: Calgary custom home builder⁠⁠⁠⁠Follow Gurk ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Desi Dontdoze Playlist⁠⁠⁠Producer/Audio Engineer ⁠⁠⁠Kyle Bhawan⁠⁠⁠---------------------00:00 Recap of mela 19:22 Racism at stampede 26:05 Sugar Daddy Joey 32:20 BK's stunt double 34:10 Akon 36:45 40% tips at stampede 39:00 Mela submissions 40:45 Witchcraft/Ouija 46:45 Liggering Adout 51:34 The Marty Lore 

    Ask A Priest Live
    7/17/25 – Fr. Michael Copenhagen - Original Sin 101

    Ask A Priest Live

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 17, 2025 51:18


    Fr. Michael Copenhagen is a Melkite (Eastern Catholic) priest, husband, and father, at St. Nicholas the Wonderworker Melkite Catholic Church in Gates, New York. He holds a Bachelors of Sacred Theology from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas in Rome. In Today's Show: Could you explain the difference in the concepts of original sin in the East versus West? As Western Catholics, are we able to venerate Eastern Saints or ask for their intercession? How does one experience a beatific vision? Do many, or few, go to heaven? Were my parents married in the proper way? Why are there so many "types" of Catholics, and do they get along? Are there any traditions in the Melkite church that have come about because of Latinization? Visit the show page at thestationofthecross.com/askapriest to listen live, check out the weekly lineup, listen to podcasts of past episodes, watch live video, find show resources, sign up for our mailing list of upcoming shows, and submit your question for Father!

    Upon Further Review
    KMAland Baseball (UFR): Sioux City East 5 Lewis Central 1

    Upon Further Review

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 17, 2025 5:23


    Swing Pass
    Final weekend of the regular season, temperature checking the East Division, Week 13 preview

    Swing Pass

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 17, 2025 81:20


    The 2025 UFA regular season is going out with a bang as the schedule concludes with a 14-game mega weekend. All 12 playoff spots have been settled, but there's still plenty of drama for seeding and home field advantage. Hosts Adam Ruffner and Evan Lepler analyze the three best teams in the East, talk up Salt Lake's 10-game winning streak, and try to set the table heading towards the playoffs.Week 13 schedule: www.watchufa.com/league/schedule/week-13Watch every game LIVE on watchUFA.tv

    Landon & Heather Schott Podcast
    Worshippers Buy Oil | Dehavilland Ford | MC East Fort Worth

    Landon & Heather Schott Podcast

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 16, 2025 56:46


    In her message titled “Worshipers Buy Oil,” Pastor Dehavilland Ford unpacks the parable of the ten virgins from Matthew 25, calling it a blueprint for the end times and a clear warning to believers to be spiritually prepared. She explains that all ten virgins were pure and had lamps—symbolizing ministry and light—but only five carried extra oil, representing daily intimacy with Jesus through the Holy Spirit. The core issue was not morality or external appearance but the presence—or absence—of cultivated oil: personal history with God, sustained through worship, the Word, prayer, and obedience. Pastor Dehavilland emphasizes that oil cannot be borrowed, imparted, or outsourced—each believer must buy their own in intimacy with the Lord.

    The East is a Podcast
    The ruins of imperialism w/ Kit Klarenberg and Alexander Mckay

    The East is a Podcast

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 16, 2025 78:41


    **I put the concluding 20 mins of the conversation behind the paywall on audio. If you want to listen to the entire episode, sign up for Patreon for less than $2 a month or watch it on our YouTube channel (linked below)** **Note: I managed-yet again-to mess up my audio settings at the last minute before we started recording resulting in me sounding blown out. Apologies!** Returning guest Alexander Mckay and Kit Klarenberg, co-hosts of the Decline and Fall, discuss the deepening crisis Western imperialism faces as it wages proxy wars against Iran and Russia simultaneously and economic war against China. Watch the video edition on The East is a Podcast YouTube channel Consider supporting the show www.patreon.com/east_podcast

    The Stateside Soccer Show
    #283 MLS All-Star Selections, Messi Record Breaking Weekend and More

    The Stateside Soccer Show

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 16, 2025 61:22


    Jordan and Logan are back to talk the MLS All-Star Team selections, DC United firing Troy Lesense, Philadelphia back on top in the East, Vancouver slipping in the West and Messi setting a record.  Follow the show: Twitter: @statesideshow Instagram: @statesideshow Facebook.com/Statesideshow Youtube: youtube.com/@statesideshow Email: statesideshow@gmail.com Linktree: https://linktr.ee/statesideshow Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

    City Cast Philly
    Optimism for SEPTA, Market East & Center City SIPS

    City Cast Philly

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 16, 2025 43:04


    City Councilmember Mark Squilla's district stretches from Chinatown to South Philly and up to the River Wards. He's joining host Trenae Nuri on our weekly politics episode to talk about  the latest on the projects and controversies in his district, from Market East to SEPTA funding, from the Chinatown Stitch to a new bus station. There's more good news here than you might expect.  More Philly news & events in your inbox comes in our daily newsletter, Hey Philly Call or text us: 215-259-8170 We're also on Instagram: @citycastphilly Learn more about the sponsors of this July 16th episode: Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Scribe Video Center Advertise on the podcast or in the newsletter: citycast.fm/advertise Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

    Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan
    The Jinshin no Ran Part II: Gathering Stormclouds

    Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 16, 2025 37:35


    This episode we continue with the Jinshin War.  This episode we follow Prince Oama on his dramatic escape to the east:  From Yoshino he dashed through the mountains, through Iga and over to Ise.  In so doing he secured both Suzuka and Fuwa--areas that would be important chokepoints throughout Japan's history.   For more information, check out our blogpost at: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-130 Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is episode 130: Jinshin no Ran, Part II:  Gathering Stormclouds.   The soldier on watch was doing his best to keep alert.  The night shift was never pleasant duty, and it was even less pleasant out here in the mountains.  There were plenty of sounds in the night—birds and animals out in the darkness—but rarely was there much actual action.  At least the sky was clear, with only the occasional cloud. Guarding a post station was hardly the worst duty in the world. There was a decent amount of traffic: after all, they were along one of the major routes between Ise and Yamato.  But at night, well, who wanted to try and navigate the mountain roads?  That was a great way to fall into a river and drown, or get lost in the woods, unable to find your way back to civilization. It must have been a shock when he saw a light in the distance.  There were almost always a few fires somewhere in the village, but most of them were out or covered at this time of night, with the exception of the odd torch.  But this was something more.  At first the guard thought it was just his eyes playing tricks on him.  And then he wondered if it was some kind of mountain spirit—he'd heard of ghost parades that could come and take people in the night.  He shivered, and instinctively checked his own torch to ensure that it was burning well and bright.  Indeed it was. It took him a little time for his eyes to adjust again to the darkness, but now, sure enough, he saw the torches coming—and not just one, many of them, and he could now hear the faint metallic clank of metal on metal.  He then heard a faint sound like a tight rope being suddenly plucked.  It only just started to dawn on him what was happening when the first arrows started to rain down on his position. They were under attack!   Welcome back.  This episode we are continuing with our coverage of the Jinshin no Ran—the Jinshin War of 672—and if you haven't already, I highly recommend you start with episode 129, where we talk about some of the background for what was happening.  That said, let's do a quick recap to bring us up to speed on where we are.  And then we'll dive into an account of an absolutely unbelievable journey, which is impressive for multiple reasons, but mostly for the speed at which it was able to take place. So as you may recall, Naka no Oe, aka Tenji Tennou, passed away at the end of 671 after months of illness.  After falling ill, the Chronicles tell us that he offered the state to his younger brother, the Crown Prince, Prince Ohoama, but Ohoama was warned that it was a trap, and as such, he turned down the offer.  Instead, he retired from his position to become a monk, and left for Yoshino, taking half of his household with him.  With Ohoama retired, Naka no Oe's son, the 23 year old Prince Ohotomo, took the throne. After Naka no Oe's death, Ohotomo effectively ruled Yamato from the Ohotsu palace in Afumi, running things along with the ministers of the left and right, Soga no Akaye and Nakatomi no Kane, and other high ministers.  Though the Nihon Shoki does not acknowledge it, Ohotomo is thought to have been a formal sovereign, in deed if not in name, at this point.  Much later, he would be given the posthumous name of “Koubun Tennou”. It would seem that Ohotomo and the Afumi court had misgivings about Prince Ohoama's promise to retire from the world and not challenge the throne.  The Nihon Shoki recounts that they began to make subtle preparations for a conflict, including levying men to build Naka no Oe's tomb, but issuing them weapons instead of tools.  They also set up checkpoints along the road from the court in Ohotsu down to Asuka—the main route to where Ohoama was residing in Yoshino.  And then, finally, someone told Ohoama that they were no longer allowing Prince Ohoama's people to cross the Uji bridge to bring him and his household supplies. Prince Ohoama was not going to sit idly by while the Afumi court gathered up enough forces to claim he was doing something treasonous and then march on him in Yoshino.  And so he sent one of his trusted vassals to the east to seek support.  Meanwhile, he himself was making ready to move.  There was just one more thing before setting out:  seeing if he could get posting bells.  This was sparked by the words of one of his advisors, who suggested that they should be careful.  They did not have many soldiers in Yoshino, and they had already sent out a general like Woyori to start raising troops in the East.  At the same time, if the Afumi Court was also maneuvering, it was likely that they would have sent words to the various post stations to bar the roads and prevent any movement. As such, Prince Ohoama decided to send several messengers to ask for Posting Bells, so that Ohoama and his men could make use of the official horses at the various post stations, allowing them to travel much more quickly and freely.  However, it was not clear if such orders had come and, if they had, where the local government officiallys might place their loyalty. Of particular importance was the case of Prince Takasaka, who was in charge of the Okamoto Palace, and thus the governance of the ancient capital. He would be the one to grant posting bells if they were to receive them.  If he provided the bells, then Ohoama and his party could assume they would have little to no trouble making their way East. And so Prince Ohoama sent his evnoys to the Okamoto palace.The messengers requested posting bells, but Prince Takasaka refused to issue them.  This sent a clear message to Prince Ohoama:  the Afumi court had no intention of letting him and his household have free access to the roads, and the local officials in Asuka were not going to provide any support.  In fact, Prince Takasaka now knew that Ohoama planned to travel, and if he wanted to, Takasaka could likely raise troops to try and stop Ohoama from leaving.  At the very least he would no doubt be sending a swift horse to Ohotsu to inform the Afumi court.  Ohoama and his followers would have to hurry if they wanted to do anything. And so, on the 24th of the 6th month, the same day that he got word back about the posting bells,  Prince Ohoama made the decision to move.  He and his entourage left quickly—he didn't even let anyone saddle a horse for him or prepare his carriage.  He just started to head out on foot on a journey to the East – and keep in mind that everything I'm going to describe in the next few minutes happened over the course of one night, truly an epic journey for Ohoama and all of those with him..  The Chronicles lists about 20 men and over ten women who originally set out with Ohoama from Yoshino, including his wife, the Royal Princess Uno no Sarara, daughter of Naka no Oe.  She wasn't walking, however—she followed a little behind in a palanquin, or litter, carried on poles.  I do wonder if those carrying the palanquin are among those mentioned, or were they servants or even enslaved persons who weren't considered worthy of note. The path they traveled wound its way through the mountains.  Streams and rivers had carved channels and valleys into these mountains.  People had settled these areas, and created paths through the wilderness.  Now, the valleys were fairly well populated, with roads connecting the communities that had grown up in the nooks and hollers. These facilitated trade through the mountain communities and between the eastern and western sides of the Kii peninsula, but even still, it was difficult terrain.  Unlike roads in the flat plains, the width of the roads in the mountains would have been constrained by steep mountainsides and the natural twists and turns of the valleys.  There may have been rope or wooden bridges that they had to cross, as streams constantly flow down the hill sides to the river below.  This route would make it much easier to avoid any official Afumi forces that might have been sent out, as those would likely be sticking to the main roads, but there were still government outposts along the way.  If these outposts proved loyal to the Afumi court, they could raise the alarm and send a messenger on horseback, who could likely flee much more quickly than Ohoama's men could follow.  And if Afumi learned that Ohoama was on the move, they could quickly mobilize their forces, secure key strategic points, and Ohoama's mad rush would be for naught.   The path Ohoama chose would lead from Yoshino, through the valleys, up through Iga, and then over to Suzuka, in Ise—modern Mie prefecture.  The journey was long and it wasn't going to be easy, but they needed to move quickly. Speaking of which, since Ohoama was traveling on foot, one of his men, Agata no Inukahi no Ohotomo, gave Prince Ohoama his own horse to ride.  Oh, and in case you are wondering: There are a lot of people named “Ohotomo” in the narrative, not just the Prince, Ohoama's nephew and rival for the throne.  Sorry, it was apparently a somewhat popular name AND it was also a clan, or uji, name as well.  I'll try to distinguish some of them in the podcast blog page. The party hadn't traveled far when Ohoama's own carriage—or possibly a palanquin, like his wife's—showed up for him, so I assume Ohotomo got his horse back, but they were still constrained to the speed of their slowest member, and I doubt that the mountain roads were all that wide and flat—most likely just the opposite. The group journeyed upstream along the Tsuburo river and eventually made it to Aki, in the area of Uda, due east of Sakurai and Mt. Miwa.  Here they were overtaken by two men, known as Ohotomo no Muraji no Makuda and Kibumi no Muraji no Ohotomo, both hurrying on from the Yoshino Palace. Makuda had been at the Afumi court, but word was starting to spread there that there was going to be some kind of move against Prince Ohoama, so he and his brother, Ohotomo no Fukei, had feigned illness and returned to their home in the Asuka region.  Once there, Makuda had made straightaway for Yoshino, only to find that Ohoama was already on the move.  Ohotomo no Fukei, on the other hand, chose to stay in the area of Asuka and see what he could do there.  He was looking to see what kind of forces he could raise in the ancient capital region.  We'll learn more about him, later. It was also in Aki, apparently, where they met Hashi no Muraji no Mate, who was from the Department of the official rice fields.  Even though he was a government official, he was a supporter of Ohoama and his cause, and so he supplied Ohoama and his people with food for their journey. Just north of the Aki fields they came upon Kammura—thought to be near modern Kaguraoka—where the Yoshino forces conscripted 20 hunters into service, almost doubling their numbers, and now they at least had some weapons with them.  Prince Mino, and presumably his men, also joined forces with Ohoama and his party—their ranks were starting to grow. In Uda, they were no doubt glad of any assistance, and at the government offices in the village of Uda itself, they were also warmly welcomed.  There they found 50 pack-horses that were laden down with rice meant for the hot baths at Ise.  The rice was discarded and Ohoama commandeered the pack animals so that his forces could ride, rather than walk.  Nonetheless, it was still a long way to go.  Indeed, night was approaching by the time they reached Ohono—likely the modern area of Muro-ohono and Ohonoji, along the Uda river.  They didn't want to stop, but it could be treacherous trying to navigate in the mountains in the dark.  What they needed was a light source.  And so we are told that they pulled down some of the fences of nearby houses and created makeshift torches to light their way.  Thus they were able to continue on until they reached the town of Nabari at approximately midnight. Nabari was not quite so friendly.  It was the home of a post-station, which had a duty to report things to the Afumi court.  Ohoama and his men arrived with their torches and in the middle of the night they attacked and set fire to the post station.  One can only imagine how surprised those manning the station must have been.  Presumably Ohoama's party took any horses and provisions, both for their own use and so that they couldn't be used against them.  To those members of the village that were woken up and who came out to see what was going on, Ohoama's entourage proclaimed that Prince Ohoama was heading east and that people should join them.  More specifically we are told that he said that the “Sumera no Mikoto” was on his way to the East Country. I want to pause here a moment, because there are some that say that this was the first use of the term “Sumera no Mikoto”, or, as we more commonly read the characters today, “Tennou”.  At the very least we believe that the term “Tennou” may have first used in this time period—though I do wonder about it being used in this particular instance.  I'll come back to this at the end, but for now, let's get back to the story.  So Ohoama announced to the people that he, the sovereign—for he had declared himself as such—was heading to the Eastern lands, and he invited anyone who wished to join him.  Nobody took him up on his offer, however.  It must have sounded crazy.  Ohoama had swept in at midnight, his forces carrying torches, and had attacked the post station, the symbol of the government in their midst.  I imagine that the people wanted little to nothing to do with any further conflict if they could help it. Continuing on in the darkness, Ohoama and his party came to a river—probably the Nabari River.  The Chronicle refers to it as “Yokokawa”, a term that shows up multiple times, and means something like “side river” and I suspect it was just the name for a river that ran alongside the fields or something similar.  As they were crossing, a dark cloud spread across the night sky for over 10 rods—about 100 feet.  Ohoama kindled a light and took a look at a geomantic rule to determine what it could mean.  This “rule” was possibly a type of stick or even a kind of compass-like device with a square bottom and round top, indicating the heavens and the earth.  He announced to everyone that the cloud was an omen that the country would be divided into two parts but, ultimately, their side would win out. One can only imagine how tired and worn out everyone was at this point, but apparently this urged them onward.  They reached Iga, where once again, they attacked and set fire to the posting station. Now getting through Iga must have had Ohoama's head on a swivel.  After all, Prince Ohotomo's mother was apparently from that region – he was the Iga Royal Prince, after all - so it would be understandable if people were loyal to him.  Fortunately, for Ohoama, he had his local supporters as well.  In fact, Joan Piggot points out in “The Emergence of Japanese Kingship” that Ohoama may have had a surprising amount of support from the various local elites.  Remember that the policies that Naka no Oe and the court had put into place had given power to court appointed officials at the expense of the traditional local elites.  So it may have been that those traditional local elites were more inclined to assist Ohoama against the Afumi Court, while those appointed officials, such as those who were managing the post stations, were more likely to swing the other way, since their positions and their stipends were directly reliant on the court's good graces.  This seems to have been the case in this instance, around Nakayama, in Iga, where we are told that they met with local district governors who had heard that Ohoama was on the move and who had raised several hundred men in support of his cause.  Now their ranks really had grown—compared with the relatively small group that had first set out from Yoshino the previous day, there were now hundreds of men on the march. Ohoama's forces finally arrived at the plain of Tara, or Tarano, by dawn, and with the sun coming over the mountains they briefly stopped for a moment to catch their breath and eat something.  They had just marched through the night—a distance of approximately 70 kilometers, or 43 and a half miles.  That included stops to attack and set fire to two post stations along the way, and much of the journey early on was done on foot.  During that march, their ranks had grown tremendously.  This is an incredible feat, especially with much of it being accomplished at night. Let's also quickly discuss those extra troops that had come to his banner.  Remember that prior to this, Prince Ohoama had sent messengers ahead to Mino and Owari to try and raise forces in those areas.  They had likely traveled these same roadways, and told  any allies they had to prepare.  So while the forces were raised quickly, there were no doubt some logistics that went into it. After a brief rest, the army was back on their feet, heading to Yamaguchi—modern Tsuge city.  Here Ohoama was greeted by his son, Prince Takechi, who had come from Afumi down through Kafuka—modern Kouka, aka Kouga.  He had brought several other men of his own, and presumably soldiers as well. The entire party crossed Mt. Miyama and into Suzuka, in Ise, where they were joined by the provincial governor, Miyake no Muraji no Iwatoko; Deputy Governor, Miwa no Kimi no Kobuto, and the magistrate of the famous hot baths, Tanaka no Omi no Tarumaro, among others.  That same morning, they set a troop of 500 soldiers to guard the pass.  After all, it would do them no good to have a government force suddenly appear behind them.  Also, you may recall that Ohoama's request to his allies in Mino was to take the Fuwa pass, in the north—the area more popularly known today as Sekigahara.  So now, with both the Suzuka and Fuwa passes under Ohoama's control, his forces controlled access to the Eastern countries.  The only other viable route, at least if you didn't want to get lost in the mountains, was to take the road to the north, through Koshi, and that was going to be a slog around or over the Japan Alps. So a garrison was left as a rear guard, but the troops who were not staying to guard the pass continued, turning northwards.  By sunset on the 25th day of the 6th month of 672, they had reached the foot of Kahawa Hill.  Here, Ohoama's consort, Princess Uno no Sarara, asked if they could take a break.  She was not exactly used to this kind of travel, and even riding on a palanquin, she was exhausted and fatigued.  As they looked to the sky, though, it was clear that dark clouds were gathering.  So they cut their rest short and pushed on, hoping to make it to the government offices at Mie—likely meaning modern day Yokkaichi city. Sure enough, as they continued to march, the heavens opened with a thunderstorm pouring down on them.  The entire army was soaked to the bone.  Cold and wet, when they did get to the government center or Mie district, they deliberately set fire to an entire building just so that the troops could try to warm themselves a bit.  Those who had set out from Yoshino had marched over 122km, or 75 miles, including over 700 meters of elevation up and 800 meters down.  Checking a map of the route, it suggests that a person walking it, today, without any breaks, would take around 28 hours to complete the trip, and indeed, Ohoama's took roughly one and a half days.  That includes time for their assaults on the various post stations, and a brief rest at the Tara fields.  Now, granted, they had procured horses for parts of that, and many of the soldiers had not necessarily been there since the beginning, but it is still an incredible feat, when you think about it.  I'm honestly surprised that it doesn't get more of a mention in various historical contexts.  Then again, we are still well before the age of the Samurai, which is the period most martial historians typically examine. So that night, as they were settling in at the Mie government center following their amazing dash across the mountains, word came from forces at Suzuka:  Prince Yamabe and Prince Ishikawa had apparently come to offer their allegiance to Ohoama.  However, as they weren't known to the men, they were held at the Suzuka barrier until someone could verify.  Ohoama sent Michi no Atahe no Masubito to go fetch them and bring them to him. The following morning, Ohoama worshipped towards Amaterasu on the banks of a river in the district of Asake.  Thinking about it, I'm not sure if they meant that he worshipped south, in the direction of Ise Shrine, or if he worshipped east, the direction of the rising sun.  The exact direction doesn't entirely matter, but I think we will come back to this, as it would have consequences later on. Later, Masubito returned from his errand, catching back up to the army, which was continuing on its way.  It turns out that it was not Princes Yamabe and Ishikawa that Masubito had found at Suzuka, but instead  Ohoama's own son, Ohotsu, who had come along to join his father.  I presume he had been traveling under a false name in case he ran into men loyal to the Afumi court.  He was followed by a number of others, including a list of names which I am not going to go over here because it wouldn't mean all that much.  Suffice it to say that the Chroniclers were doing their best to make sure that various families were remembered for what they did. Now just as Prince Ohotsu was joining the main force, Murakami no Woyori arrived with word that 3,000 Mino troops were mobilized and currently blocking the Fuwa Road.  You may recall that Woyori was the one that Ohoama had sent to Mino for just that purpose, scouting out the lay of the land. Ohoama sent Prince Takechi ahead to Fuwa to organize the forces there.  Then he sent two others to mobilize troops along the Tokaido region, and two others were sent into the mountains to levy soldiers from the Tousando region.  As a quick reminder: the Tokaido was the eastern sea highway, while the Tousando, the Eastern Mountain Road, went through the middle of eastern Honshu, through the more mountainous regions.  Together, these two routes would have pulled from the most populous regions of the east. As for Ohoama, he took up residence at the government center in Kuwana, where he spent some time resting for a bit. Now just as Ohoama was building up his forces, so, too, was the Afumi court.  As soon as word made it to the capital that Ohoama was on the move, chaos ensued.  Many people fled the capital, some heading to the East, perhaps to join Ohoama, while others went to hide in the mountains and marshes until all the chaos was over and the dust settled.  The young Prince Ohotomo asked the ministers what he should do, and they recommended that he immediately set out with cavalry to pursue Ohoama and catch him before he could assemble too many troops.  However, he decided not to heed their advice, instead opting to assemble an army of his own, to add to the soldiers that had already been levied.  He sent Ina no Iwasuki, Fumi no Kusuri, and Wosaka no Ohomaro to the East country, while Hodzumi no Momotari, his younger brother, Ihoye, and Mononobe no Hiuga headed to the Yamato capital—which is to say Asuka.  Ohotomo also sent Saheki no Wotoko to Tsukushi and Kusu no Iwate to Kibi, all with orders to levy troops.  He gave Wotoko and Iwate special instructions, since there was some concern that neither Tsukushi nor Kibi would be compliant, as they both had been supported by Ohoama and may feel ties to him.  So if the leaders of either of those areas were to resist, Wotoko and Iwate were authorized to execute them for treason. As Iwasuki, Kusuri, and Ohomaro headed east, they traveled around Lake Biwa and were headed to the Fuwa pass, not knowing that it was already controlled by Ohoama's forces.  Iwasuki, however, was cautious.  He realized that they might be ambushed, and so he held back from the main group.  Sure enough, he was right:  Kusuri and Ohomaro were ambushed and captured, at which point Iwasuki fled, barely escaping. The following day, Prince Takechi sent a note to his father asking him to move closer to Fuwa, so that they could better communicate with the front line.  Ohoama headed out, but left Princess Uno in Kuwana, which was well situated between Fuwa and Suzuka, and was likely far enough from the front lines to ensure that it wouldn't be disrupted by skirmishes at the passes.  As Ohoama then traveled through Wohari, the governor, Chihisakobe no Muraji no Sabichi, also joined him with a force of 20,000 men.  Ohoama had them divided up and set them on roads to various places as needed. Ohoama finally reached Nogami, just on the eastern edge of modern Sekigahara.  This is near where Tokugawa Ieyasu would eventually make his first camp as well, at his fateful battle here just under a thousand years later.  At Nogami, Ohoama would set up his headquarters, Nogami no Miya, or the Nogami Palace.  Meanwhile, Prince Takechi would handle the troops in the main part of the area near the pass, known as Wazami.  As Ohoama reached Nogami, Takechi came to conference with him.  He noted that there had already been an altercation—they had taken prisoners, who claimed that they were actually headed east to raise troops for Ohoama, but given that they didn't know who they were AND that Iwasuki had fled back towards Ohotsu-kyo suggested that this was not exactly the case. Following that incident, and a fair amount of speechifying, Ohoama eventually placed Prince Takechi formally in charge of the army, presenting him the gift of a saddle-horse.  Takechi went back to his camp at Wazami.  That night, a severe thunderstorm broke out.  Ohoama prayed that if the kami favored his case, they would make the storm abate, and immediately the thunder and lightning stopped. The next day, on the 28th, Ohoama traveled over to Wazami to review the troops and check on the military arrangements, before returning back to Nogami.  He likewise went out the following day, issuing commands through Prince Takechi, and then returned again to Nogami. At this point, soldiers were likely on their way from the Eastern provinces and elsewhere.  On the one hand, they wanted to wait and make sure that they had all the troops they needed.  But on the other hand, they didn't want to wait too long.  The Afumi court was likewise building up its forces, and the longer they waited, the greater the chance that they could dig in and entrench themselves.  Something would have to happen, soon. But that something will have to wait for the next episode.    Before we finish, though, I do want to come back to something:  the title “Tenno”, or “Sumera no Mikoto”.  Up to this point, evidence suggests that the term used for the sovereign of Yamato was not “Tennou” as we know it today, but instead was the term “Oho-kimi”.  “Oho-kimi”, or basically the “Big Kimi”—something like the primary lord—was the one lord of lords of Yamato.  But that was probably something based on local concepts of governance.  With the introduction of new ideas of governance, many based on the Han and Tang dynasty models, we see a shift in the terminology. There are poems that come from the era of Naka no Oe—Tenji Tennou—that use terms like “Huang” (皇) and “Di” (帝)—“Kou” and “Tei” in Japanese.  These are imperial terms from the continent.  At some point, however, we see that they use “Tian” (天) and “Huang” (皇).  “Tianhuang” becomes “Tennou” (天皇) when read in Japanese, and it critically utilizes the character “Tian” for Heaven.  Interestingly, this does not appear to be a term that was ever commonly used for rulers in the area of modern China.  I seem to recall that it was used here and there, but not with any frequency.  There is some thought that it may have been pulled from a term for the north star, or pole star, which sometimes used the term, I suspect referring to that star as the Heavenly Ruler—the star that the heavens themselves were focused on. For a variety of reasons, we see a particular emphasis on Heaven, and on Amaterasu, in the decades following 672, and it is thought that this is all connected.  And so it is generally from some time here, in the late 7th century, that we can probably start to refer to the sovereigns as “Tennou”. Although, it is unclear to me if the authors of the Nihon Shoki pronounced it like this or not, later glosses given for the characters in Japanese is “Sumera no Mikoto”, the kun'yomi, or Japanese reading.  The problem is that the Nihon Shoki projects this term back to the very beginning of the narrative, with “Jimmu Tennou” being the first.  However, we have some evidence that the earlier term was, as as I said before, “Ohokimi”.  For many years, there was an idea that the term “Sumera no Mikoto” first appeared in the era of Toyomike Kashikiya Hime, aka Suiko Tennou, probably because that is when Buddhism and continental studies really seem to kick off.  However, there really is no evidence of its use then, and it seems that more scholars today place its use in the late 7th or early 8th century. So there is the possibility that this title was first used by Ohoama, as some claim, when he declared that the “Sumera no Mikoto” or “Tennou” was heading to the Eastern countries.  Of course, that could also just be dramatic license by the Chroniclers, who were less concerned with what, exactly, he said and more concerned with the meaning of it all.  We've also known them to swap out older terms for those in use in the 8th century, updating the narrative. Regardless, I think that about this time we can start to refer to the sovereigns of Yamato—and eventually Japan, or Nihon, another somewhat controversial term—as “Tennou”, or “Sumera no Mikoto”, from about this period.  I'll probably still use the term “sovereign” in general, and I'll try to avoid the term “imperial” for anything prior to the 19th century, when it became a standard English translation.  After all, Empires were the rage—Chinese, Ottoman, British, Austrian, French, Spanish, you name it.  Everyone had an empire, and so Japan, following that model, must also have been an “empire”.  Even today, it is officially the “Imperial Household” and that is the official translation. However, I want to be cautious about using that translation too early, however.  The institution of “Tennou”, while modeled on the Tang dynasty, took on its own character.  As such, I think that it is best to avoid the term for now, because it really was its own thing, and I don't want to conflate too many foreign concepts of “emperor” with the idea of the Japanese ruler. As for the term “Sumera no Mikoto”—it does not appear to me that the etymology of this term is clearly known.  One explanation is that “Sumera” is related to the word “Suberu”, to rule.  “Sumera” is also defined as meaning something precious, though I'm not sure if that meaning existed before its use to refer to the sovereign.  “Mikoto” is simply an honorific referring to the sovereign, meaning “royal” or “imperial”.  I suspect that the term “Tennou” came over first, and later it became glossed as “Sumera no Mikoto”, which may have been an earlier term, but we don't have any clear evidence.  Variations do appear in the Man'yoshu, the collection of ancient poems, so the concept was clearly around by the 8th century. Anyway, I think that's enough.  We'll probably talk about it more when we get to the rise of the worship of Amaterasu.  Until then, let's continue with our series on the Jinshin War. Next episode we will kick off with some of the actual fighting and campaigns in Afumi, Iga, and in Yamato.  Until then, thank you once again for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.

    NYC NOW
    Evening Roundup: Officials Break Ground on Affordable Housing in East NY, Hochul's Response to Severe Weather Events, and Trump's Tax Bill Guts NYC's Healthy Eating Program

    NYC NOW

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 16, 2025 8:20


    New York City and state officials are turning parts of the Christian Cultural Center's campus into a housing development. Plus, New York State has a dedicated team to push information about severe weather to emergency managers. And finally, the Trump administration's tax bill will slash a $29 million program that helps some New Yorkers eat healthy on a budget.

    Religion Unplugged
    Understanding The Turban: Interview with Chris Filstrup

    Religion Unplugged

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 16, 2025 30:30


    How did the turban become so ubiquitous? Matthew Peterson speaks with Chris Filstrup about his and Jane Merrill's recent book, “The Turban: A History from East to West,” to investigate the origins and legacy of the headgear. The Turban: A History from East to West: https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/T/bo248107952.html

    The Dice Tower
    At The Table with The Dice Tower - Going East 2025

    The Dice Tower

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 15, 2025 60:53


    It's time to recap our adventures at Dice Tower East 2025. We discuss the games we played and events we ran, and you also get to hear what Eric and Julie got up to when working at the Dice Tower Booth, which includes brainstorming ways to get Tom to remember the difference between Roses, Thorns, and Hula Hoops. 00:46 - We Didn't See Each Other 01:45 - Gen Con is Around The Corner 03:26 - Dice Tower East: New Space 05:40 - Eric and Julie: How Do You Spend Small Amounts of Free Time? 09:28 - Library Checkouts: My Father's Work, Hot Streak, Bomb Busters, So Clover, Cretaceous Rails, Fromage, River Valley Glassworks, Lord of the Rings Duel, Toy Battle, Castle Combo, Sky Team, SETI, Galactic Cruise 16:26 - Eric and Julie: Favorite Old Game To Teach? - Fearsome Floors, Ra 19:05 - Variety of Games Played: Space Base, Ready Set Bet, My Father's Work (again), Merchant of Venus, Cosmic Encounter 25:33 - Missing Deep Regrets 26:16 - Eric and Julie: Game To Make Tom Play? 28:34 - Events: Parsely, Andrew Bosley Can't Draw, The Hobby 33:28 - Dexterity and Pitchcar 35:51 - Eric and Julie: Helping Tom Remember 37:59 - Giant Jenga and Thank Yous 41:06 - Positano 44:32 - Diatoms 46:41 - Horrified: World of Monsters 50:24 - Peaks 53:02 - Radioactive Bees 55:50 - 13 Leaves Questions? Tales of Horror? tom@dicetower.com

    The Jump
    Sixers Speculation?

    The Jump

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 15, 2025 50:44


    Shams has the latest on Paul George's knee surgery. With this development, can the East still run through the city of Brotherly Love? It might've been the dunk of the summer and one of the nastiest posters we've seen in years. So we're celebrating with the Biggest 5 poster dunks ever. Mavs GM Nico Harrison gives an update on Kyrie Irving's status that could have major implications for the Mavs 2025 season. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

    Okie Bookcast
    Behind the Rain: An Audio Anthology of Oklahoma Poetry, Volume 13

    Okie Bookcast

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 15, 2025 45:29


    Text the Bookcast and say "hi"!Welcome to Volume 13 - our Year 3 Celebration! You can check out previous volumes at okiebookcast.com/behindtherainHere's the Lineup:After an Open Mic, Someone Tells Me I Really Captured the Backwardness of Oklahoma - Seth CopelandIG: @sethtcopeSite: https://neutralspaces.co/seth_t_copeland/One Horse OK Celebrates the 4th of July - Benjamin MyersX: @BenMyersPoet        Site: Benjaminmyerspoetry.comCrumbs of Body: A Psalm of Siblinghood and What I Would Say to the Girl in the Hand-Me-Down Sadie Oxford Shoes - Lydia RenfroIG: @lyd.froSite: https://lydiarenfro.com/East is the Beast - Michelle LarkIG: @fairylarksCry Baby - MAC WoodsIG: @mac_since1985Exceeding Idioms and My Nana - Ruth KeyIG: @ruthkeypoetrySnowman in Roland - Uriah Maravilla GreerIG: @uriahwritesSomewhere - Nichole YatesIG: @nicholeyatesDisruption - Andrew Morris GilmanIG: @andrewmorrisgilmanWhen the Sun Sits Down - Brand RackleyIG: @brandrackley Whipping Boy - Alicia DaggsIG: @solatidontWhat's in a Name - Ky GeorgeIG: @kygeorgewritesZoo Owl - David JenningsFB: @DJennPhotosSite: davidjenningsartinphotographyandpoetry.comA Quarter Century - Shy NortonIG: @shylascribblesartFrolic and Prance - Jake SpannFB: @jake.spann.9Heat - Cassie GrimmIG: @cassandrie_After Mt. Moriah - Paul JuhaszIG: @paul_juhasz_author_poetFresh Air - Alice VileIG: @alice.a.vileLast Word - J HallIG: @okiebookcastVagabond Hearts - Rob SturmaIG: @ratpack_slimConnect with J: website | TikTok | Twitter | Instagram | FacebookShop the Bookcast on Bookshop.orgMusic by JuliusH

    SeventySix Capital Leadership Series
    Lenny Currier, Assist. AD for Sports Medicine, Villanova & Former Trainer, Philadelphia 76ers - SeventySix Capital Sports Leadership Show

    SeventySix Capital Leadership Series

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 15, 2025 41:01


    On this episode of the SeventySix Capital Sports Leadership Show, Wayne Kimmel interviewed the Assistant AD for Sports Medicine at Villanova University & Former Trainer for the Philadelphia 76ers, Lenny Currier.Currier, who came to Villanova in 2003, serves as an Assistant Athletics Director for Sports Medicine. In this position, he is responsible for oversight of the Athletic Training staff that serves Villanova's 24 varsity sports. He was elevated to his current position in 2019 after serving as the Director of Sports Medicine from 2003-19. Currier also serves as the athletic trainer for the Villanova Men's Lacrosse team. Prior to coming to Villanova in 2003, Currier spent 14 years as an athletic trainer with two National Basketball Association franchises. From 1997-2003, he served as Head Athletic Trainer for the Philadelphia 76ers. He also served as the Head Athletic Trainer for the Orlando Magic from 1989-97. During his time in professional basketball, he twice served as an athletic trainer for the East at the NBA All-Star Game (1992 and 2002). In addition, Currier spent two summers as an athletic trainer with USA Basketball (1998-99) as pre-qualification for the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. From 1985-88 he served as an athletic trainer in Albuquerque, N.M. with the Triple A affiliate of the Los Angeles Dodgers. Currier is a native of Newburyport, Mass., who received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Arizona State University and a Master of Science degree from the University of Arizona. He is a veteran of the United States Air Force who served a tour of duty in Vietnam. He makes his home in Philadelphia with his wife Lori and twin children, Brendan and Olivia.

    NGI's Hub & Flow
    Where Are Midwest, East Natural Gas Prices Headed? Veteran Analyst Andy Huenefeld Has Answers

    NGI's Hub & Flow

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 15, 2025 18:42


    NGI's managing editor of markets, Kevin Dobbs, interviews Pinebrook Energy Advisors' Andy Huenefeld, managing partner. They delve into supplies in storage, production, weather-driven demand and export activity – with a special focus on prices in the Midwest and East. The latest U.S. Energy Information storage report showed overall inventories were 6% above the five-year average, but surpluses in the Midwest and East were notably leaner after June heat waves in those regions.  While the winter heating season is far off, natural gas storage is in a markedly different situation than last year. There are likely to be ample supplies stocked for next season, but with producers able to fast respond to cash market price signals and LNG feed gas demand bumping as export facilities ramp, Huenefeld details a dynamic season ahead.

    Impact Theory with Tom Bilyeu
    Should Billionaires Exist? The Brutal Truth About Money Printing, Inflation & the Rigged System | Tom Bilyeu Deep Dive

    Impact Theory with Tom Bilyeu

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 14, 2025 40:39


    Today, I am diving deep into a question that's on everybody's mind right now—should billionaires even exist? In this solo episode, I'm pulling back the curtain on the wealth gap, social mobility, and the hidden mechanics that are driving massive inequality in our world. I'll walk you through the shocking numbers, break down how our financial system is really rigged, and reveal how asset ownership and inflation are tilting the game in favor of the ultra-wealthy—without you even realizing it. If you've ever wondered why it feels impossible to get ahead, or if you're looking for real answers about how to protect yourself and build true wealth, this episode is for you. We're talking about the roots of capitalism, how government policy and money printing drive inequality, and why trying to fix things with short-term, top-down solutions just makes it worse. My promise: By the end of this episode, you'll understand not just how billionaires are made—but what you can actually do to turn the odds in your favor. This is the episode I wish someone handed me years ago. SHOWNOTES 00:00 Billionaires: Capitalism's Symptom or Cause? 05:44 "Modern Monetary Theory: A Third Way?" 08:54 Financialization and Its Hidden Costs 12:59 Asset Ownership Determines Economic Mobility 15:28 "America's Decline in Social Mobility" 18:40 Inflation's Hidden Tax and Wealth Gap 23:17 East vs. West Germany Innovation Gap 24:54 "Flaws of Top-Down Wealth Control" 28:49 Root Causes of Inequality 31:43 "Inequality's Unrest: A Rigged System" CHECK OUT OUR SPONSORS Vital Proteins: Get 20% off by going to https://www.vitalproteins.com and entering promo code IMPACT at check out Allio Capital: Macro investing for people who want to understand the big picture. Download their app in the App Store or at Google Play, or text my name “TOM” to 511511. iTrust Capital: Use code IMPACTGO when you sign up and fund your account to get a $100 bonus at https://www.itrustcapital.com/tombilyeu  SleepMe: Visit https://sleep.me/impact to get your Chilipad and save 20% with code IMPACT. Try it risk-free with their 30-night sleep trial and free shipping. Jerry: Stop needlessly overpaying for car insurance - download the Jerry app or head to https://jerry.ai/impact Shopify: Sign up for your one-dollar-per-month trial period at https://shopify.com/impact What's up, everybody? It's Tom Bilyeu here: If you want my help... STARTING a business: join me here at ZERO TO FOUNDER SCALING a business: see if you qualify here. Get my battle-tested strategies and insights delivered weekly to your inbox: sign up here. ********************************************************************** If you're serious about leveling up your life, I urge you to check out my new podcast, Tom Bilyeu's Mindset Playbook —a goldmine of my most impactful episodes on mindset, business, and health. Trust me, your future self will thank you. ********************************************************************** LISTEN TO IMPACT THEORY AD FREE + BONUS EPISODES on APPLE PODCASTS: apple.co/impacttheory ********************************************************************** FOLLOW TOM: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/tombilyeu/ Tik Tok: https://www.tiktok.com/@tombilyeu?lang=en Twitter: https://twitter.com/tombilyeu YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@TomBilyeu Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

    Straight Outta Vegas AM
    SoV Football Preview: East

    Straight Outta Vegas AM

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 14, 2025 24:01


    It's Football Preview Week on Straight Outta Vegas AM!. Scott Seidenberg and Steve Fezzik preview the AFC and NFC East. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

    Evil Thoughts
    ICE AGE

    Evil Thoughts

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 14, 2025 18:20


    California is essentially at war with the Feds & using taxpayer money to do so. On the East coast, Lefty politicians like disgraced former DNC Chair, Debbie Wasserman Schultz "inspect" Alligator Alcatraz & regurgitate misleading talking points. It's business as usual... and then there's the Epstein files! Debbie's not Ready for Rain. Are you? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NWD-x3GIUFA&list=RDNWD-x3GIUFA&start_radio=1

    Winning Cures Everything
    SEC 2025 Preview: Picks, Win Totals & Title Odds for Every Team

    Winning Cures Everything

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 14, 2025 44:33


    The Southeastern Conference's 2025 football season promises to be one of the most compelling in recent memory, blending established powers with emerging challengers across the league's East and West divisions. At the top of the hierarchy, Alabama enters Year Two under Kalen DeBoer with a revamped offense led by rising junior quarterback Ty Simpson and a receiving corps dotted with true freshman stars. The Tide's veteran secondary—anchored by Domani Jackson and Keon Sabb—should generate turnovers, but Alabama's ability to replace departed playmakers like Jalen Milroe and Justice Haynes will be tested in hostile environments such as Florida State and Wisconsin. Meanwhile, reigning East champion Georgia faces its own transition, having lost a quartet of first-round defensive picks and quarterback Carson Beck, thrusting Gunner Stockton into the spotlight. If Georgia's offensive line coalesces quickly and their rebuilt front seven can replicate past dominance, the Bulldogs remain a threat to run the table and return to the College Football Playoff.Elsewhere in the East, Florida's Billy Napier looks to leverage a healthy DJ Lagway and a power-running duo in Jadan Baugh and Ja'Kobi Jackson to vault the Gators back into SEC contention, while Tennessee reloads rather than rebuilds under Josh Heupel, fielding a new QB battle and a defense hungry to sustain its recent success. South Carolina and Missouri lurk as potential dark horses—the Gamecocks with a ferocious “bend-but-take” defense under Clayton White, and the Tigers riding momentum from consecutive double-digit win seasons under Eliah Drinkwitz. In the West, LSU's Garrett Nussmeier returns after a Heisman-caliber campaign, but must navigate early road tests at Clemson and Ole Miss behind a retooled offensive line. Ole Miss itself, guided by Lane Kiffin, seeks to replace NFL-bound stars with redshirt sophomore Austin Simmons and a dynamic downfield attack. Auburn's Hugh Freeze, Arkansas's Sam Pittman, and Texas A&M's Mike Elko each believe veteran leadership and portal acquisitions can push their programs into the upper echelon of the West, while Kentucky and Mississippi State chase incremental gains to break long-standing slumps.As win totals hover between 7.5 and 9.5 games for the conference's marquee programs, bettors and fans alike will be poring over the odds: Alabama at 9.5, Georgia at 9.5, LSU at 8.5, and Texas A&M at 7.5, with futures on the SEC Championship ranging from +390 for Georgia to +5,000 for Missouri. Sleeper picks like South Carolina (+1,800) and Arkansas (+12,000) could reward those willing to roll the dice, while dark-horse narratives are abundant in Columbia, Fayetteville, and College Station. From the Iron Bowl and Egg Bowl to marquee non-conference clashes, every week carries playoff implications and bets on win totals, record projections, and conference-championship futures. Whether you're drafting your pick'em bracket, targeting over/unders, or simply seeking expert analysis, the SEC's 2025 slate offers drama, storylines, and betting angles that will keep college football junkies glued to their screens from Week 1 through the SEC Championship Game.

    eCommerce MasterPlan
    AI Chatbot Strategy that Delivers with Parts Town's Paul Hancox

    eCommerce MasterPlan

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 14, 2025 36:53


    Paul Hancox, SVP of eCommerce at Parts Town, a leading distributor of OEM foodservice, HVAC, and residential appliance parts. A predominantly B2B eCommerce business, selling via their custom website, and mobile app. Parts Town are based in the USA, distribute spare parts to over 140 counties, and the parent company Parts Town Unlimited had annual revenue of $2.5billion in 2024, with 55% growth in HVAC alone! We've lots to learn from Parts Town's Paul Hancox, including how they've been leveraging AI chatbots to improve customer experience, sales, and the team's efficiency. Hit PLAY to hear: Why treating your website like a product could unlock massive growth The one change that boosted Parts Town's chat agent efficiency by 60%+ ⚡ How Paul's team ships 400,000+ orders per quarter — and what powers it The secret link between site speed and conversion most brands ignore

    The Radical Christian Life with Doug and Paula
    EP 223 Parenting Series - Do All in Love!

    The Radical Christian Life with Doug and Paula

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 14, 2025 39:49


    With this last episode in their parenting series, Doug & Paula present the most important of the Five Principles. These principles are learned by studying how God the Father parented Adam & Eve in the Garden of East. It's a good listen!-Feel free to email us with any questions at info@servingbb.org or for more information check out our website at https://servingbeyondborders.org-Follow us on:Instagram - @servingbeyondbordersYouTube - Serving Beyond BordersFacebook - Serving Beyond Borders-"For even the Son of Man did not come to be served but to serve. . ." Mark 10:45-TUNE IN: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-radical-christian-life-with-doug-and-paula/id1562355832#podcast #podcasting #podcasts #spotify #applepodcast #podcaster #interview #newpodcast #spotifypodcast #missions #jesus #god #love #bible #faith #jesuschrist #christian #church #christ #gospel #holyspirit #prayer #christianity #pray #theradicalchristianlife

    Light of the East
    Light of the East 1086R The Catholic Church Breathes with Both Lungs

    Light of the East

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 14, 2025 27:29


    Pope St. John Paul II reminds us that the Catholic "breathes with both lungs east and west." There are actually 21 different, ancient and venerable ways to be Catholic

    Bri The Sports Guy
    864: Bucks picked 6th in East in NBA Power Rank; Brewers sweep Dodgers behind elite pitching; Kershaw and Machado reach milestones and Wimbledon Men's semi finals look epic

    Bri The Sports Guy

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 14, 2025 25:34


    Bucks picked 6th in East in NBA Power Rank; Brewers sweep Dodgers behind elite pitching; Kershaw and Machado reach milestones and Wimbledon Men's semi finals look epic

    The Ringer NBA Show
    Buy the Hype or Bet the Under? Real Ones Team Totals for the 2025-26 Season

    The Ringer NBA Show

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 12, 2025 85:21


    Logan and Howard play expert gamblers in predicting which teams will hit their over/unders for the 2025-26 season. Will the Hawks be soaring over 46.5 wins with their new additions and the East being seemingly wide open? Can Denver get back into title contention with 53.5 wins? What will it take for the Lakers to hit their o/u 48.5? Can Philly add 20 more wins for their abysmal 24-25 injury-filled campaign, assuming their stars are healthy? 0:00: Intro 0:30 Show Start 6:22 NBA Futures Over/Under Start Hosts: Logan Murdock and Howard Beck Video Producer: Victoria Valencia Hit the mailbag! ⁠realonesmailbag@gmail.com⁠ The Ringer is committed to responsible gaming. Please visit ⁠www.rg-help.com⁠ to learn more about the resources and helplines available. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

    Amateur Traveler Travel Podcast
    AT#833 - Travel to the Peloponnese, Greece (Repeat)

    Amateur Traveler Travel Podcast

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 12, 2025 72:10


    Hear about travel to the Peloponnese Peninsula in Greece as the Amateur Traveler talks to travel writer Sally Jane Smith about a great alternative to visiting the Greek Islands. Sally Jane says, “The thing is that most visitors go to Greece. They go to Athens, and then they tend to go straight to the islands. And Greece has hundreds of islands. The ones that most visitors go to are the resort-style islands of Santorini and Mykonos. Don't get me wrong, these are incredible places, but they tend to be crowded and they tend to be expensive. Whereas if you go to the Peloponnese and the Saronic Islands, which are just off the coast of the Peloponnese, you get that perfect balance. There are enough travelers visiting the area that they have all the facilities that you might need, but it also feels like you're exploring the real Greece rather than having a resort holiday. And it's gorgeous. There are striking landscapes. There are incredibly strong connections to history and to legend. There are five world heritage sites just on the Peloponnese Peninsula itself.” After starting in Athens which we covered in Athens Greece – Episode 832, we head down to the Peloponnese past the amazing Corinth Canal to the rocky island of Monemvasia. Monemvasia was founded in the sixth century and is a fortified city that has been nicknamed “the Gibraltar of the East”. It is a pedestrian-only town. You can hike the many many steps up the rock to the ruins of the old fortress with a great view of the old town. Bring your walking shoes for this and many of our other stops. ... https://amateurtraveler.com/travel-to-the-peloponnese-greece/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

    You're Dead To Me
    Marco Polo (Radio Edit)

    You're Dead To Me

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 11, 2025 28:04


    Greg Jenner is joined in 13th-Century Venice by Professor Sharon Kinoshita and comedian Ria Lina to learn all about medieval traveller Marco Polo and his adventures in China.Born into a family of merchants, in 1271 a teenage Marco set out for the court of the Mongol emperor Qubilai Khan with his father and uncle. They would not return to Italy for nearly a quarter of a century. In the service of the emperor, the Polos saw all manner of extraordinary things – including the Mongols' amazing imperial postal service and diamond-hunting eagles in India.Imprisoned by the Genoese on his eventual return, Polo spent his time in prison writing his Description of the World with the Arthurian romance author Rustichello, a travelogue describing his exploits in the East and the wonders he had seen. This episode explores Polo's extraordinary life, the decades he spent travelling in China and beyond, and the fascinating account he wrote on his return.This is a radio edit of the original podcast episode. For the full-length version, please look further back in the feed.Hosted by: Greg Jenner Research by: Hannah Cusworth Written by: Hannah Cusworth, Emmie Rose Price-Goodfellow, Emma Nagouse, and Greg Jenner Produced by: Emmie Rose Price-Goodfellow and Greg Jenner Audio Producer: Steve Hankey Production Coordinator: Ben Hollands Senior Producer: Emma Nagouse Executive Editor: Philip Sellars

    First Take
    Hour 2: Summer Breeze

    First Take

    Play Episode Listen Later Jul 10, 2025 48:37


    First Take continues this Thursday as the crew prepares you for a premier Summer League Showdown between the Lakers and Mavs! Plus, who will come out of the East next year in the NBA? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices