Podcasts about South America

Wall Street is selling beer, beaches, and barbecue. Want to invest? We also dove into the concerns about the reliability of government data. Investors should focus less on headline data and more on long-term directional trends, since recessions matter less to portfolios than actual corporate performance. We also talk labor markets, employment revisions, and rate-cut predictions, highlighting inconsistencies and the limited value of forecasts. Debt structures like extended auto loans and creative mortgages stress the importance of cash flow flexibility and smart loan structuring rather than simply chasing the lowest rate. Kirk also shares his experience getting an offer accepted on a home during a time of market peaks. We discuss...  Corporate earnings compared to government data; how companies manage expectations to appear consistently successful. Investors should focus on long-term directional trends rather than short-term or inaccurate data points. Whether recessions truly matter for investors compared to corporate earnings growth. Labor market data showed employment revisions and a slowdown in job gains, raising concerns about real job strength. Predictions of interest rate cuts are inconsistent and unreliable. Consumer behavior trends, including retail and food service spending, suggested tightening conditions. Rising delinquency rates in student loans and credit cards signaled growing consumer financial strain. Mortgages and auto loans showed fewer delinquencies since they are collateralized and prioritized by borrowers. There is importance in structuring debt with maximum flexibility and focusing on cash flow management. A home should be viewed as a personal expense rather than an investment. Housing markets are peaking in many areas, with Massachusetts showing declining rents and prices. Mortgage strategies discussed include recasting loans and making lump-sum payments to reduce monthly payments or shorten maturity. Using a home equity line of credit strategically can accelerate mortgage payoff and improve cash flow. Globally, fertility rates in developed countries are below replacement level, indicating shrinking populations. Growth in population is concentrated in parts of Africa, South America, and select Asian regions. Macro trends impacting markets include protectionism, geopolitical tensions, and reserve currency diversification. Policy rewrites under Trump are shaking up traditional approaches, sometimes positively by encouraging change. Many U.S. housing markets are seeing declining sales as buyers and sellers are unwilling to compromise. Tariffs, especially on metals, could spike short-term costs across industries but are expected to normalize over the long term. Unexpected macroeconomic events, such as new technologies or policy changes, can disrupt markets before adjustments occur. Today's Panelists: Kirk Chisholm | Innovative Wealth Douglas Heagren | Mergent College Advisors Follow on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/moneytreepodcast Follow LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/money-tree-investing-podcast Follow on Twitter/X: https://x.com/MTIPodcast For more information, visit the show notes at https://moneytreepodcast.com/wall-street-is-selling-beer-743   

President Donald Trump announced Tuesday that the U.S. Space Command headquarters will move from Colorado Springs to Huntsville, Alabama, citing mail-in voting as one of the reasons for the decision.The president also said he'll follow through with sending National Guard troops to combat crime in Chicago, amid opposition from state and local officials. His comments come shortly after a federal judge in San Francisco ruled that the Trump administration broke the law when it deployed the National Guard in Los Angeles during the June immigration protests.Secretary of State Marco Rubio is heading to South America. He announced that the United States carried out “a lethal strike” against an alleged drug vessel coming from Venezuela.

Di Westaway is the founder of Coastrek and Wild Women on Top, and she has had the most fabulous career building up these businesses - topped off with many well-deserved accolades like an Order of Australia medal for services to women's health, fitness and charity services. It was so much fun to chat with Di about how her impulsive decision to attempt to climb South America's highest peak, Mount Aconcagua, even when she'd never done anything remotely like it before, set off a chain reaction leading to decades of fascinating travels and influencing and inspiring countless people to look after themselves more and take on new challenges. During our chat we move from the "big fail" of Mount Aconcagua through some other favourite hiking trips around the world, Di's world record for the highest handstand, a scary night on Mount Rinjani in Indonesia (and a story she said she's never told anyone publicly!!!), and through to the success of Coastrek today in getting thousands of people out there hiking the most beautiful parts of Australia and raising millions of dollars for worthwhile charities like Beyond Blue and the Fred Hollows Foundation. Links: Coastrek - https://www.coastrek.com.au/ Wild Women on Top - https://www.wildwomenontop.com/ My blog post including the microlight flight - https://www.notaballerina.com/2016/10/australias-coral-coast-stretched-comfort-zone.html Di Westaway on Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/diwestaway/ Join our Facebook group for Thoughtful Travellers - https://www.facebook.com/groups/thoughtfultravellers Join our LinkedIn group for Thoughtful Travellers - https://notaballerina.com/linkedin Sign up for the Thoughtful Travellers newsletter at Substack - https://thoughtfultravel.substack.com Show notes: https://notaballerina.com/363 Support the show: https://thoughtfultravel.substack.com/See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Albanese Labor government announces our permanent migration intake will remain at the same level for next year. Plus, the three Scottish brothers who rowed from South America to Australia join the show. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The US Navy sets sail for Venezuela. What does president Trump hope to accomplish with this gunboat diplomacy? How has president Maduro clung to power and will the US ever leave South America alone?See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Listen to the SF Daily podcast for today, September 01, 2025, with host Lorrie Boyer. These quick and informative episodes cover the commodity markets, weather, and the big things happening in agriculture each morning. Friday was the end of the old crop marketing year for corn and soybeans, with the livestock complex mixed but lower due to profit-taking and overbought technical levels. Concerns include the lack of Chinese new crop demand for U.S. soybeans, with 7.2 million metric tons sold but none to China. China has booked 16.3 million metric tons of soybeans, primarily from South America and Australia. Canadian wheat production is down 1.1% to 35.49 million metric tons, with a 14.3% increase in winter wheat and a 3.6% rise in canola. Corn production is up 1.4% to 15.55 million metric tons, while soybean production is down 7% to 7 million metric tons. Weather notes highlighted potential heavy rain in the Mississippi River Valley. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

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Today,we want to continue in Ephesians 1. Now remember the chapter starts with twolong sentences. The first long sentence begins in verse 2 through verse 6, andtells us how God our Father has given us a great spiritual blessing in the factthat He has chosen us, He has adopted us, and He has accepted us in Christ. Allbecause of what His Son Jesus Christ has done for us. We are a blessed people.We're rich in Christ. That's the theme of the book.  Thenin verses 7-10, we have another long sentence. And this is what Jesus Christthe Son is continuing to do for us even today. We have redemption through Hisblood. We have forgiveness of sins according to the riches of His grace. Yesterdaywe talked about how through His grace He made to abound toward us in all wisdomand prudence. We have the wisdom of God and the discernment of God to do what'sright to please Him.  Todaywe are looking specifically at verses 9-10: ”Having made known to us themystery of His will according to His good pleasure, which He purposed inHimself, that in the dispensation of the fullness of times, He might gathertogether in one all things in Christ, both which are in heaven and which are inearth in Him”. And that's the last part of this big sentence. What we findout here is that not only has He redeemed and forgiven us, He has also madeknown to us “the mystery of His will”.  Thisletter has much to say about God's plan for His people. A plan that was noteven fully known even in Paul's day. The word mystery that we read here, and isused several times in the book, has nothing to do with something eerie. Itactually means in the Scripture a “sacred secret” once hidden but now revealedto God's people. We believers are part of God's inner circle. We are able toshare in the secret that God one day will unite everything in Christ. Eversince sin came into the world, things have been falling apart, as you well know.First man was separated from God (Genesis 3). Then man was separated from manas Cain killed Abel (Genesis 4). People tried to maintain some kind of unity bybuilding the tower of Babel in Genesis 11. But God judged them and scatteredthem across the world.  Godcalled Abraham and put a difference between the Jew and the Gentile. Adifference that was maintained until Christ's death on the cross. Sin istearing everything apart. But in Christ, God will gather everything together inthe accumulation of the ages. We are a part as His church, even as Gentiles ofHis eternal program. He unites all things in Christ. What a blessing that themystery of God's will, bringing everything back together in Christ will befulfilled one day when Jesus Christ comes back again and sets up His kingdom.  That'sGod's plan for the ages. Oneness in Jesus Christ. No matter who we are, rich orpoor, educated, uneducated, no matter our language, our culture, we are allrich in Christ. And one day we will experience that final unity. But even now,we can have that unity because we're in Christ. It doesn't matter whether we'refrom India or China or America or Africa or South America. It doesn't matter. AsI go to different places in the world, there is this oneness despite ourlanguage barriers in Christ.  Thisis the will of God that we can have this unity in Christ. This is the will ofGod that we can be saved from the sin that separates us. God is not willingthat any should perish, but that all should come to repentance (2 Peter 3:9).  Myfriend, what a great blessing we have in Christ today. And we ought to enjoythis blessing of unity, knowing the will and plan of God for the ages. Amystery that was hidden but now is made known to us in Christ.  Godbless!

 1 Then shall the kingdom of heaven be like to ten virgins, who taking their lamps went out to meet the bridegroom and the bride.Tunc simile erit regnum caelorum decem virginibus : quae accipientes lampades suas exierunt obviam sponso et sponsae. 2 And five of them were foolish, and five wise.Quinque autem ex eis erant fatuae, et quinque prudentes : 3 But the five foolish, having taken their lamps, did not take oil with them:sed quinque fatuae, acceptis lampadibus, non sumpserunt oleum secum : 4 But the wise took oil in their vessels with the lamps.prudentes vero acceperunt oleum in vasis suis cum lampadibus. 5 And the bridegroom tarrying, they all slumbered and slept.Moram autem faciente sponso, dormitaverunt omnes et dormierunt. 6 And at midnight there was a cry made: Behold the bridegroom cometh, go ye forth to meet him.Media autem nocte clamor factus est : Ecce sponsus venit, exite obviam ei. 7 Then all those virgins arose and trimmed their lamps.Tunc surrexerunt omnes virgines illae, et ornaverunt lampades suas. 8 And the foolish said to the wise: Give us of your oil, for our lamps are gone out.Fatuae autem sapientibus dixerunt : Date nobis de oleo vestro, quia lampades nostrae extinguuntur. 9 The wise answered, saying: Lest perhaps there be not enough for us and for you, go ye rather to them that sell, and buy for yourselves.Responderunt prudentes, dicentes : Ne forte non sufficiat nobis, et vobis, ite potius ad vendentes, et emite vobis. 10 Now whilst they went to buy, the bridegroom came: and they that were ready, went in with him to the marriage, and the door was shut.Dum autem irent emere, venit sponsus : et quae paratae erant, intraverunt cum eo ad nuptias, et clausa est janua. 11 But at last come also the other virgins, saying: Lord, Lord, open to us.Novissime vero veniunt et reliquae virgines, dicentes : Domine, domine, aperi nobis. 12 But he answering said: Amen I say to you, I know you not.At ille respondens, ait : Amen dico vobis, nescio vos. 13 Watch ye therefore, because you know not the day nor the hour.Vigilate itaque, quia nescitis diem, neque horamSt Rose was the first flower of holiness which bloomed in South America. She was born at Lima in Peru. Too feeble for the monastic life, she lived a life of severe mortification as a Tertiary of St Dominic and died at the age of thirty years. A.D. 1617.

Welcome to BCI Cattle Chat! In this week's episode of Cattle Chat, the crew is joined by BCI student Rebecca Bigelow who talks about her research on liver abscesses. Next, the team discuss preventing calves from losing weight when they go to the sale. Finally, Brad brings an article which looks at the cattle industry… Continue reading Research Update, Shrinkage, South America

Well-being and Leadership in times of change and complexity. About Kristen MacConnell Kristen MacConnell, Ph.D is a seasoned international school leader and lifelong educator dedicated to cultivating future-ready learners through joy, curiosity, and inclusion. Currently serving as the Elementary Principal at the American School of Barcelona, she brings decades of experience supporting educators and schools around the world. Kristen's work has spanned leadership development, curriculum design, and instructional coaching, always grounded in the belief that every learner belongs and has something meaningful to contribute. With a deep commitment to generosity, authenticity, and continuous growth, Kristen helps teams build cultures where both adults and children thrive. LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kristen-macconnell-ph-d-08751231/  About Dan Kerr Dan Kerr is a passionate international school leader with over two decades of experience in education across Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and South America. Currently the Middle School Principal at Saigon South International School and an Adjunct Professor at Endicott College, Dan brings a deep commitment to building joyful, inclusive school communities. Known for his relational leadership and belief in the power of positive school culture, Dan's work is grounded in connection, care, and a deep belief in every learner's potential. His leadership journey has been shaped by a dedication to student voice, teacher growth, and the magic that happens when schools are built on trust and shared purpose. LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dan-kerr-b0a82520/  Resources The Shifting Landscape of Professional Learning Getting Better Together The Art of Community- Seven Principles for Belonging The Blueprint: 6 Practical Steps to Lift Your Leadership to New Heights Enacting resilience: Adventure racing as a microcosm of resilience organizing Transformative Wellbeing Leadership Certificate Blue Skies Leadership Podcast Thoughts On Education From An International School Perspective  http://www.tieonline.com/ TEDx Talk - Living a Life Well Lived  John Mikton on Social Media LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jmikton/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/jmikton Web: beyonddigital.org Dan Taylor on social media: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/appsevents  Twitter: https://twitter.com/appdkt  Web: www.appsevents.com Listen on: iTunes / Podbean / Stitcher / Spotify / YouTube Would you like to have a free 1 month trial of the new Google Workspace Plus (formerly G Suite Enterprise for Education)? Just fill out this form and we'll get you set up bit.ly/GSEFE-Trial

Forest have added a new goalkeeper with the signing of Brazilian John Victor from Botafogo! Check out FFTV Merch! Click Here: https://forestfantv.com/ Welcome to the latest transfer update on Forest Fan TV, where transfer guru Fabrizio Romano has confirmed that Nottingham Forest are a "here we go" on goalkeeper John Victor from Botafogo, marking another exciting deal between the two clubs! This move follows the recent transfers of Igor Jesus and Jair Cunha from the Brazilian side, with John Victor set to provide competition for Matz Sels as Forest prepare for their Europa League campaign. Wolfie dives into the details of this potential €10m deal, exploring how the 26-year-old shot-stopper's experience in South America could bolster the Reds' goalkeeping options under Nuno Espírito Santo. Adding to the transfer buzz, another signing is nearing completion as Juventus' Nicolo Savona has reportedly begun his medical at Forest, signaling the imminent arrival of the 22-year-old right-back for a fee around €15m. This move addresses the need for cover behind Ola Aina and Neco Williams, and Wolfie will break down whether Savona's versatility and Serie A experience make him a smart addition. On a positive note, Callum Hudson-Odoi has signed a new contract, tying the winger to the club until 2029 after his stellar performances, including five goals last season, cementing his value at the City Ground. Jump into the comments and share your thoughts with Wolfie! Are you excited about John Victor and Savona joining the squad, or do you have concerns about the outlay? What do you think Hudson-Odoi's new deal means for Forest's ambitions in Europe and the Premier League? Let us know your take on these developments as the transfer window heats up. Don't forget to like, subscribe, and hit the bell for more Forest Fan TV updates! #nffc #botafogo #transfernews Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Join an active community of RE investors here: https://linktr.ee/gabepetersenBUILDING WEALTH WHILE LIVING ABROAD

GOLTV's Nino Torres comes Fully Loaded on a Thursday for SDH AMWe look at the early seasons in Portugal and South America- plus the chais on Peru's first divisionWe also look at Manchester United and their problems getting slapped by fish and we also find out when it's okay not to be okay and the nature of release clauses in contracts

It's a full Thursday Thoughts on SDH AMThe Ball Watching duo of Jake and Justin look at the situation in St. Louis after the dismissal of Lutz PfannenstielMaddie drops by from the Childrens Healthcare of Atlanta Training Ground on ATLUTD preps and a big win for the 2'sThe Power Hour in Hour 2 has GOLTV's Nino Torres on South America and Portugal andSounder at Heart/Pulso Sports Niko Moreno on Leagues Cup and MLS 

In this episode of Money Tales, our guest is John Dinsmore, PhD. Fear of failure can be a powerful motivator. John never intended to become a marketing expert. During college and beyond John was in a rock band called "Fried Moose." He tells us that, at the time, he was so afraid of letting his bandmates and family members down as he pursued a career in music that he threw himself into band promotion and merchandising. That fear-driven hustle accidentally built the exact skills that would later land John his first marketing job and eventually make him a professor who is focused on financial decision-making. John Dinsmore is a Professor of Marketing at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio and author of The Marketing of Debt: How They Get You. He is regularly featured in publications such as Forbes, CIO, CBS Marketwatch and US News & World Report for his market commentary and is a frequent conference speaker at organizations such as the American Marketing Association and the Association for Consumer Research. At Wright State, Professor Dinsmore teaches a variety of courses including Digital Marketing, Strategy and Creativity & Problem-Solving, garnering multiple teaching awards. He has provided executive training services to the United States Air Force and Speedway Corporation. His academic research primarily focuses on financial decision-making, methods of payment, and mobile applications, having been published in academic journals including Psychology & Marketing, Journal of Business Research and International Journal of Research in Marketing.  He also recently wrote a chapter for the Handbook of Experimental Finance. Dinsmore has published business cases designated at “Best Sellers” by Harvard Publishing focusing on strategy and analytics. These cases are taught in MBA programs across North America, Europe, Asia, and South America at institutions such as University of Chicago, Peking University, and King's College. This Fall, he will be a featured speaker at TEDx-Dayton to discuss his research on financial decision-making. Prior to earning his PhD, John Dinsmore worked in the marketing industry for 14 years in various roles. Dinsmore holds a BA in Political Science from James Madison University, an MBA in Marketing & Finance from University of Georgia, and a PhD in Marketing from University of Cincinnati. He lives in Dayton, Ohio with his wife, two sons, and a gigantic bulldog named Creed.

Today we speak with Michael J. Parr, the president of the American Bird Conservancy, about his new book, Birds of the Tropical Andes. Together with co-author and photographer Owen Deutsch, Michael writes about the incredible biodiversity of the Andes and gives us some great trips for traveling to South America to watch birds. Join Catherine Greenleaf, a certified wildlife rehabilitator with 20 years of experience rescuing and rehabilitating injured birds, for twice-monthly discussions about restoring native habitat and helping the birds in your backyard. Access the BIRD HUGGER Newsletter here: www.birdhuggerpodcast.com. Send your questions about birds and native gardening to birdhuggerpodcast@gmail.com. (PG-13) St. Dymphna Press, LLC.

The Inca Empire in South America was one of the most powerful pre-Columbian societies. It was known for the architecture of Machu Picchu, an extensive road network and a system of terraces for agriculture. The society also kept records known as khipu, which involved a system of tying knots to encode sophisticated information.Literacy in this form of writing was assumed to be something that only the highest levels of Inca society could do. But NPR science correspondent Nell Greenfieldboyce shares how a new analysis of a cord made out of human hair may change that assumption. Curious about science history? Email us at shortwave@npr.org.Listen to every episode of Short Wave sponsor-free and support our work at NPR by signing up for Short Wave+ at plus.npr.org/shortwave.Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoicesNPR Privacy Policy

The National Security Hour with Col. Mike and Dr. Mike – The territory of both Venezuela and Colombia lends itself to guerrilla wars, and, as is well known from Afghanistan and Iraq, the U.S. military has not covered itself in glory when fighting guerrilla wars. The administration should not make the mistake it made in Yemen and Iran, and assume that South America's military and guerrilla forces cannot adapt to...

“Theme parks and national parks may seem different, but they are both in the people business. Each offers a chance to step away from stress and into something extraordinary.” Notable Moments 1:03 – Why Glacier and Yellowstone hold such unique places in my heart 2:22 – How a behind-the-scenes safari ride shifted my perspective 4:17 – The slow realization of connecting ranger life with Disney lessons 7:18 – The surprising way I first connected with Lee Cockerell 9:58 – A recent trip to Chile that opened up new horizons for exploration 13:17 – How early mistakes in parks helped shape better practices worldwide 15:35 – The joy of lecturing on Alaska cruises and engaging with travelers Jody Maberry reflects on the surprising ways his passions for national parks and theme parks connect. From Glacier to Disney, and even adventures in South America, he shares stories that highlight the overlap between nature, storytelling, and service. Read the blog for more from this episode. Connect with Jody www.jodymaberry.com About Jody - https://jodymaberry.com/about-jody-maberry/ Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/sugarjmaberry LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/jodymaberry/

The Queenship of Mary: Mary's Role in Our Salvation and Peace Today's Homily celebrates the octave of the Feast of the Assumption and . . . . . . the 50th anniversary of the Shrine, reflecting on Mary as Queen of Heaven, Earth, Peace, and All Hearts. Her queenship is not merely an honorific but a real authority rooted in her “yes” to God at the Annunciation, when she freely accepted to bear Christ, changing the universe forever. Her dignity, beauty, and authority exist not for herself but for our salvation, showing her humility as the “handmaid of the Lord.” Mary's queenship continues in her intercession, especially as Queen of Peace, and Queen of All Hearts, bringing grace to human hearts scarred by violence. The faithful are encouraged to entrust themselves to her through acts of consecration, imitating her faith and service so that Christ may be more fully received in their lives and in the world. At the end of the Homily members who have been preparing for the Act of Total Consecration were invited to the altar for a special prayer. Hear more within this Meditation Media. The Queenship of Mary: Mary's Role in Our Salvation and Peace ------------------------------------------------------ Statue of Our Lady at the Shrine of Our Lady of the Island The statue was recently restored and originally came from South America to the Shrine about ten years ago. The statue is approximately a hundred years old. ------------------------------------------------------ Gospel: Matthew 22: 34-40 First Reading: Ruth 1: 1, 3-6, 14b-16, 22

The National Security Hour with Col. Mike and Dr. Mike – The territory of both Venezuela and Colombia lends itself to guerrilla wars, and, as is well known from Afghanistan and Iraq, the U.S. military has not covered itself in glory when fighting guerrilla wars. The administration should not make the mistake it made in Yemen and Iran, and assume that South America's military and guerrilla forces cannot adapt to...

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Pat Barrett shares tales from his South American adventure. In May 1982 three young kiwi travellers set out to explore South America on their own terms with no other knowledge of this wild and mysterious continent than that gleaned from the travel 'bible' of the day - The South American Handbook. Unbeknownst to them, their adventure began in a time that has now been lost to the annals of travel history: a world with no internet and no instant communication.

Nicolás Maduro rallies millions of militias in Venezuela as US warships and troops arrive in the Caribbean. The PBD Podcast breaks down the record $50 million bounty, cocaine cartel ties, Chevron oil deals, and the collapse of one of South America's richest nations into a socialist dictatorship.

"On the centenary of the Russian Revolution, Jonathan Daly and Leonid Trofimov have reinvigorated the study of a turning point in world history. Instead of rehashing the internal dynamics of the Bolshevik takeover, the authors have carefully juxtaposed the international ambitions of the Bolsheviks with the Revolution's reception around the world. Daly and Trofimov pair their lucid introductory essay with documents from Soviet officials, intellectuals in South America, W. E. B. Du Bois in the United States, and others, so readers will quickly realize how revolutionary ideas cross oceans and transcend geopolitical boundaries. The Russian Revolution and Its Global Impact: A Short History with Documents (Hackett Publishing, 2017) thus takes a topic once reserved for students of Russian history and places it in a world historical perspective; those interested in global history, European history, and, of course, those fascinated by events in Petrograd and Moscow will find ample sources of inspiration in this text. As the Russian Federation is now exerting its influence on a global scale, the time is ripe to consider the Russian Revolution in such broad terms." ―Nigel Raab, Loyola Marymount University Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Cattle futures rebounded and gained on bullish fundamentals Tuesday, following the previous session's volatility tied to news of New World screwworm confirmed in a U.S. resident, who was infected while traveling in South America. Toward the close, Live cattle futures were an average of $1.57 higher. Feeder Cattle futures were an average of $2.81 [...]

"On the centenary of the Russian Revolution, Jonathan Daly and Leonid Trofimov have reinvigorated the study of a turning point in world history. Instead of rehashing the internal dynamics of the Bolshevik takeover, the authors have carefully juxtaposed the international ambitions of the Bolsheviks with the Revolution's reception around the world. Daly and Trofimov pair their lucid introductory essay with documents from Soviet officials, intellectuals in South America, W. E. B. Du Bois in the United States, and others, so readers will quickly realize how revolutionary ideas cross oceans and transcend geopolitical boundaries. The Russian Revolution and Its Global Impact: A Short History with Documents (Hackett Publishing, 2017) thus takes a topic once reserved for students of Russian history and places it in a world historical perspective; those interested in global history, European history, and, of course, those fascinated by events in Petrograd and Moscow will find ample sources of inspiration in this text. As the Russian Federation is now exerting its influence on a global scale, the time is ripe to consider the Russian Revolution in such broad terms." ―Nigel Raab, Loyola Marymount University Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/world-affairs

"On the centenary of the Russian Revolution, Jonathan Daly and Leonid Trofimov have reinvigorated the study of a turning point in world history. Instead of rehashing the internal dynamics of the Bolshevik takeover, the authors have carefully juxtaposed the international ambitions of the Bolsheviks with the Revolution's reception around the world. Daly and Trofimov pair their lucid introductory essay with documents from Soviet officials, intellectuals in South America, W. E. B. Du Bois in the United States, and others, so readers will quickly realize how revolutionary ideas cross oceans and transcend geopolitical boundaries. The Russian Revolution and Its Global Impact: A Short History with Documents (Hackett Publishing, 2017) thus takes a topic once reserved for students of Russian history and places it in a world historical perspective; those interested in global history, European history, and, of course, those fascinated by events in Petrograd and Moscow will find ample sources of inspiration in this text. As the Russian Federation is now exerting its influence on a global scale, the time is ripe to consider the Russian Revolution in such broad terms." ―Nigel Raab, Loyola Marymount University Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/russian-studies

"On the centenary of the Russian Revolution, Jonathan Daly and Leonid Trofimov have reinvigorated the study of a turning point in world history. Instead of rehashing the internal dynamics of the Bolshevik takeover, the authors have carefully juxtaposed the international ambitions of the Bolsheviks with the Revolution's reception around the world. Daly and Trofimov pair their lucid introductory essay with documents from Soviet officials, intellectuals in South America, W. E. B. Du Bois in the United States, and others, so readers will quickly realize how revolutionary ideas cross oceans and transcend geopolitical boundaries. The Russian Revolution and Its Global Impact: A Short History with Documents (Hackett Publishing, 2017) thus takes a topic once reserved for students of Russian history and places it in a world historical perspective; those interested in global history, European history, and, of course, those fascinated by events in Petrograd and Moscow will find ample sources of inspiration in this text. As the Russian Federation is now exerting its influence on a global scale, the time is ripe to consider the Russian Revolution in such broad terms." ―Nigel Raab, Loyola Marymount University Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/european-studies

"On the centenary of the Russian Revolution, Jonathan Daly and Leonid Trofimov have reinvigorated the study of a turning point in world history. Instead of rehashing the internal dynamics of the Bolshevik takeover, the authors have carefully juxtaposed the international ambitions of the Bolsheviks with the Revolution's reception around the world. Daly and Trofimov pair their lucid introductory essay with documents from Soviet officials, intellectuals in South America, W. E. B. Du Bois in the United States, and others, so readers will quickly realize how revolutionary ideas cross oceans and transcend geopolitical boundaries. The Russian Revolution and Its Global Impact: A Short History with Documents (Hackett Publishing, 2017) thus takes a topic once reserved for students of Russian history and places it in a world historical perspective; those interested in global history, European history, and, of course, those fascinated by events in Petrograd and Moscow will find ample sources of inspiration in this text. As the Russian Federation is now exerting its influence on a global scale, the time is ripe to consider the Russian Revolution in such broad terms." ―Nigel Raab, Loyola Marymount University Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/eastern-european-studies

Thanks to Mila for suggesting one of our topics today! Further reading: The mystery of the ‘missing' giant millipede Never-before-seen head of prehistoric, car-size 'millipede' solves evolutionary mystery A centipede compared to a millipede: Show transcript: Welcome to Strange Animals Podcast. I'm your host, Kate Shaw. Let's finish invertebrate August this year with two arthropods. One is a suggestion from Mila and the other is a scientific mystery that was solved by a recent discovery, at least partially. Mila suggested we learn about centipedes, and the last time we talked about those animals was in episode 100. That's because centipedes are supposed to have 100 legs. But do centipedes actually have 100 legs? They don't. Different species of centipede have different numbers of legs, from only 30 to something like 300. Like other arthropods, the centipede has to molt its exoskeleton to grow larger. When it does, some species grow more segments and legs. Others hatch with all the segments and legs they'll ever have. A centipede's body is flattened and made up of segments, a different number of segments depending on the centipede's species, but at least 15. Each segment has a pair of legs except for the last two, which have no legs. The first segment's legs project forward and end in sharp claws with venom glands. These legs are called forcipules, and they actually look like pincers. No other animal has forcipules, only centipedes. The centipede uses its forcipules to capture and hold prey, and to defend itself from potential predators. A centipede pinch can be painful but not dangerous unless you're also allergic to bees, in which case you might have an allergic reaction to a big centipede's venom. Small centipedes can't pinch hard enough to break a human's skin. A centipede's last pair of legs points backwards and sometimes look like tail stingers, but they're just modified legs that act as sensory antennae. Each pair of a centipede's legs is a little longer than the pair in front of it, which helps keep the legs from bumping into each other when the centipede walks. The centipede lives throughout the world, even in the Arctic and in deserts, but it needs a moist environment so it won't dry out. It likes rotten wood, leaf litter, soil, especially soil under stones, and basements. Some centipedes have no eyes at all, many have eyes that can only sense light and dark, and some have relatively sophisticated compound eyes. Most centipedes are nocturnal. The largest centipedes alive today belong to the genus Scolopendra. This genus includes the Amazonian giant centipede, which can grow over a foot long, or 30 cm. It's reddish or black with yellow bands on the legs, and lives in parts of South America and the Caribbean. It eats insects, spiders--including tarantulas, frogs and other amphibians, small snakes and lizards, birds, and small mammals like mice. It's even been known to catch bats in midair by hanging down from cave ceilings and grabbing the bat as it flies by. Some people think that the Amazonian giant centipede is the longest in the world, but this isn't actually the case. Its close relation, the Galapagos centipede, can grow 17 inches long, or 43 cm, and is black with red legs. But if you think that's big, wait until you hear about the other animal we're discussing today. It's called Arthropleura and it lived in what is now Europe and North America between about 344 and 292 million years ago. Before we talk about it, though, we need to learn a little about the millipede. Millipedes are related to centipedes and share a lot of physical characteristics, like a segmented body and a lot of legs. The word millipede means one thousand feet, but millipedes can have anywhere from 36 to 1,306 legs. That is a lot of legs. It's probably too many legs. The millipede with 1,306 legs is Eumillipes persephone, found in western Australia and only described in 2021.

Kelly Young has made a career out of pursuing her passion for travel and fishing. The Florida native enjoys documenting those experiences and sharing them with her growing audience of  600,000 Youtube subscribers. Highlights from today's conversation (and Kelly's first ever appearance on a podcast) include: Growing up lobster diving with dad Keeping it classy [...]

Howard Hamilton, the man behind Soccermetrics, breaks down the results from the second legs last time around and takes a look at the quarterfinals matchups in the Copa Libertadores

Ever wonder what it's like to cycle 60,000 kilometers across continents with nothing but a shoestring budget and a love for simplicity? Isaak Vanthomme takes us on a five-year journey from icy Canadian roads to the jungles and highlands of Central and South America—facing challenges, embracing minimalism, and forging unforgettable connections along the way.Packed with stories of adventure, companionship, and sustainability, this episode shows how traveling by bike opens doors to local communities, unexpected friendships, and a deeper connection with the world around you. Whether you're a traveler, a cyclist, or simply curious about living fully with less, this episode will inspire you to slow down, adapt, and embrace the journey.Catch up with Isaak at @worldofjacky on Instagram, YouTube, and Facebook.Join our community at Warmshowers.org, follow us on Instagram @Warmshowers_org, and visit us on Facebook. You can also contact Tahverlee directly at Tahverlee@Warmshowers.org.Special thanks to our sponsor, Bikeflights – the best in bicycle shipping service and boxes, guaranteed.Theme Music by Les Konley | Produced by Les KonleyHappy riding and hosting!

The NBA may be in the U.S., but some of its brightest stars are starting their journeys down under. In this episode of Hoopsology, we're joined by Liam Santamaria, General Manager of the NBL's Next Stars recruitment program and ESPN analyst for the NBL. Liam gives us a front-row seat into how the Australian NBL is quietly becoming one of the NBA's top global pipelines. We dive into:

The Food and Drug Administration or FDA regulates roughly 78% of the US food supply. This includes packaged products, food additives, infant formula, ultra-processed foods, and lots more. However, an analysis by the Environmental Working Group found that 99% of new food ingredients enter our food supply through a legal loophole that skirts FDA oversight and seems, to me at least, to be incredibly risky. Today we're speaking with two authors of a recent legal and policy analysis published in the Journal Health Affairs. They explain what this loophole is and its risks and suggest a new user fee program to both strengthen the FDA's ability to regulate food ingredients and address growing concerns about food safety. Our guests are Jennifer Pomeranz Associate Professor of Public Health Policy and Management at New York University School of Global Public Health and Emily Broad, director of Harvard Law School Center for Health Law and Policy Innovation. Interview Summary So Jennifer, let's start with you, help our listeners understand the current situation with food ingredient oversight. And what is this legal loophole that allows food companies to add new ingredients without safety reviews. Sure. So, Congress passed the Food Additives Amendment in 1958, and the idea was to divide food additives and generally recognized as safe ingredients into two different categories. That's where the GRAS term comes from generally recognized as safe? ‘Generally Recognized As Safe' is GRAS. But it circularly defines food additives as something that's not GRAS. So, there's not actually a definition of these two different types of substances. But the idea was that the food industry would be required to submit a pre-market, that means before it puts the ingredient into the marketplace, a pre-market petition to the FDA to review the safety. And then the FDA promulgates a regulation for safe use of a food additive. GRAS ingredients on the other hand, initially thought of as salt, pepper, vinegar, are things like that would just be allowed to enter the food supply without that pre-market petition. The problem is the food industry is the entity that decides which category to place each ingredient. There's no FDA guidance on which category they're supposed to ascribe to these ingredients. What has happened is that the food industry has now entered into the food supply an enormous amount of ingredients under what we call the GRAS loophole, which is allowing it to just bring it to the market without any FDA oversight or even knowledge of the ingredient. So, in essence, what we're having now is that the food industry polices itself on whether to submit this pre-market petition for a food additive or just include it in its products without any FDA knowledge. When you said ‘enormous number of such things,' are we talking dozens, hundreds, thousands? Nobody knows, but the environmental working group did find that 99% of new ingredients are added through this loophole. And that's the concerning part. Well, you can look at some ultra-processed foods and they can have 30 or 40 ingredients on them. That's just one food. You can imagine that at across the food supply, how many things there are. And there are these chemicals that nobody can pronounce. You don't know what's going on, what they are, what they're all about. So, what you're saying is that the food industry decides to put these things in foods. There's some processing reason for putting them in. It's important that the public be protected against harmful ingredients. But the food industry decides what's okay to put in and what's not. Are they required to do any testing? Are there criteria for that kind of testing? Is there any sense that letting the industry police itself amounts to anything that protects the public good? Well, the criteria are supposed to be the same for GRAS or food additives. They're supposed to be meeting certain scientific criteria. But the problem with this is that for GRAS ingredients, they don't have to use published data and they can hold that scientific data to themselves. And you mentioned food labels, the ingredient list, right? That doesn't necessarily capture these ingredients. They use generic terms, corn oil, color additive, food additive whatever. And so, the actual ingredient itself is not necessarily listed on the ingredient list. There is no way to identify them and it's unknown whether they're actually doing the studies. They can engage in these, what are called GRAS panels, which are supposed to be experts that evaluate the science. But the problem is other studies have found that 100% of the people on these GRAS panels have financial conflicts of interest. Okay, so let me see if I have this right. I'm a food company. I develop a new additive to provide color or flavor or fragrance, or it's an emulsifier or something like that. I develop a chemical concoction that hasn't really been tested for human safety. I declare it safe. And the criteria I use for declaring it set safe is putting together a panel of people that I pay, who then in a hundred percent of cases say things are. That's how it works? I can't say that in a hundred percent of cases they say it's safe, but a hundred percent of the people have financial conflicts of interest. That's one of the major concerns there. Well, one can't imagine they would continue to be paid... Exactly. This sounds like a pretty shaky system to be sure. Emily: I wanted to add a couple other really quick things on the last discussion. You were saying, Kelly, like they're using a panel of experts, which indeed are paid by them. That would be best case in some cases. They're just having their own staff say, we think this is generally recognized as safe. And I think there's some examples we can give where there isn't even evidence that they went to even any outside people, even within industry. I think that the takeaway from all of that is that there's really the ability for companies to call all the shots. Make all the rules. Not tell FDA what they're doing. And then as we talked about, not even have anything on the label because it's not a required ingredient if it's, used as part of a processing agent that's not a substance on there. So I was feeling pretty bad when Jennifer is talking about these panels and the heavy conflict... Even worse. Of interest, now I feel worse because that's the best case. Totally. And one other thing too is just you kind of warmed this up by talking about this loophole. When we put an earlier article out that we wrote that was about just this generally recognized as safe, the feedback we got from FDA was this isn't a loophole. Why are you calling this a loophole? And it's pretty clear that it's a loophole, you know? It's big enough to drive thousands of ingredients through. Yes, totally. Emily, you've written about things like partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, trans fats, and red dye number three in particular. Both of which FDA has now prohibited in food. Can you walk us through those cases? You asked about partially hydrogenated oils or trans-fat, and then red dye three, which are two examples that we talk about a little bit in our piece. Actually, one of those, the partially hydrogenated oils was allowed in food through the generally recognized as safe definition. And the other was not. But they are both really good examples of another real issue that FDA has, which is that not only are they not doing a good job of policing substances going into food on the front end, but they do an even worse job of getting things out of food on the backend, post-market once they know that those substances are really raising red flags. And you raised two of the prime examples we've been talking about. With partially hydrogenated oils these are now banned in foods, but it took an extremely long time. Like the first evidence of harm was in the mid-nineties. By 2005, the Institute of Medicine, which is now the National Academies, said that intake of trans fat, of partially hydrogenated oils, should be as low as possible. And there was data from right around that time that found that 72,000 to 228,000 heart attacks in the US each year were caused by these partially hydrogenated oils. And on FDA's end, they started in early 2000s to require labeling. But it wasn't until 2015 that they passed a final rule saying that these substances were not generally recognized as safe. And then they kept delaying implementation until 2023. It was basically more than 20 years from when there was really clear evidence of harm including from respected national agencies to when FDA actually fully removed them from food. And red dye number three is another good example where there were studies from the 1980s that raised concerns about this red dye. And it was banned from cosmetics in 1990. But they still allowed it to be added to food. And didn't ban it from food until early this year. So early 2025. In large part because one of the other things happening is states are now taking action on some of these substances where they feel like we really need to protect consumers in our states. And FDA has been doing a really poor job. California banned red dye about 18 months before that and really spurred FDA to action. So that 20-year delay with between 72,000 and 228,000 heart attack deaths attributable to the trans fats is the cost of delay and inaction and I don't know, conflicts of interest, and all kinds of other stuff that happened in FDA. So we're not talking about something trivial by any means. These are life and death things are occurring. Yes. Give us another example, if you would, about something that entered the food supply and caused harm but made it through that GRAS loophole. The example that I've talked about both in some of the work we've done together and also in a perspective piece in the New England Journal of Medicine that really focused on why this is an issue. There was this substance added to food called tara flour. It came on the scene in 2022. It was in food prepared by Daily Harvest as like a protein alternative. And they were using it from a manufacturer in South America who said we have deemed this generally recognized as safe. Everything about that is completely legal. They deemed it generally recognized as safe. A company put it into food, and they sold that. Up until that point, that's all legal. What happened was very quickly people started getting really sick from this. And so there were, I think, about 400 people across 39 states got sick. Nearly 200 people ended up in the hospital, some of them with liver failure because of this toxicity of tara flour. And so FDA followed the thread they did help work with the company to do a voluntary recall, but it then took them two years, until May, 2024, to declare tara flour not generally recognized as safe. So I think, in some ways, this is a great example because it shows how it's so immediate, the impact of this substance that, again, was legally added to food with no oversight. In some ways it's a misleading example because I think so many of the substances in food, it's not going to be so clear and so immediate. It's going to be year over year, decade over decade as part of a full diet that these are causing cardiovascular risk, thyroid disease, cancer risk, those kinds of things. I'd love to hear from either of you about this. Why is FDA falling down on the job so badly? Is it that they don't have the money to do the necessary testing? Do they not have the authority? Is there not the political will to do this? Is there complete caving into the food industry? Just let them do what they want and we're going let it go? Jennifer: All of the above? Everything you just said? It's all of the above. Emily: Jen, do you wanna talk about the money side? Because that sort of gets to the genesis of the article we worked on, which was like maybe there's a creative solution to that piece. Yes, I'd love to hear about that because I thought that was a very creative thing that you guys wrote about in your paper. That there would be an industry user fee to help produce this oversight. Tell us what you had in mind with that. And then then convince me that FDA would appropriately use this oversight and do its job. So, the idea in the paper was proposing a comprehensive user fee program for the food branch of the FDA. The FDA currently collects user fees for all of human drugs, animal drugs, medical devices, etc. With Tobacco, it's a hundred percent funded by user fees. But food, it only gets 1% of its funding through user fees. And it's important to note user fees fund processes. They don't fund outcomes. It's not like a bribe. And the idea behind user fees and why industry sometimes supports them is actually to bring predictability to the regulatory state. It brings efficiency to reviews. And then this all allows the industry to anticipate timelines so they can bring products to market and know when they're going be able to do it. In the food context, for example, the FDA is required to respond to those food additives petitions that we talked about within 180 days. But they can't respond in time. And they have a lot of timelines that are required of them in the food context that they can't meet. They can't meet their timelines because they're so underfunded. So, we proposed a comprehensive user fee. But one of the main reasons that we think a user fee is important is to address the pre-market issues that I talked about and the post-market issues that Emily talked about. In order to close that GRAS loophole, first of all, FDA needs to either reevaluate its authorities or Congress needs to change its authorities. But it would need resources to be able to do something pre-market. Some of the ideas we had was that the user fee would fund some type of either pre-market review, pre-market notification, or even just a pre-market system where the FDA determines whether a proposed ingredient should go through the GRAS avenue, or through food additive petition. So at least that there will be some type of pre-market oversight over all the ingredients in the food supply. And then also the FDA is so severely lacking in any type of comprehensive post-market into play, they would have the resources to engage in a more comprehensive post-market review for all the ingredients. Could you see a time, and I bring this up because of lawsuits against the food industry for some of these additives that are going on now. The state attorney's generals are starting to get involved, and as you said, Emily, the some states are taking legislative action to ban certain things in the food supply. Do you think there could come a time when the industry will come to government pleading to have a user fee like this? To provide some standardization across jurisdictions, let's say? So, there's two things. The first is Congress has to pass the user fee, and historically, actually, industry has done exactly what you said. They have gone to Congress and said, you know what? We want user fees because we want a streamlined system, and we want to be able to know when we're bringing products to market. The problem in the context of food for the issues we're talking about is that right now they can use the GRAS loophole. So, they have very little incentive to ask for user fees if they can bring all their ingredients into the market through the GRAS loophole. There are other areas where a user fee is very relevant, such as the infant formula 90 day pre-market notification, or for different claims like health claims. They might want user fees to speed those things up, but in terms of the ingredients, unless we close the GRAS loophole, they'd have little incentive to actually come to the table. But wouldn't legal liability change that? Let's say that some of these lawsuits are successful and they start having to pay large settlements or have the State Attorneys General, for example, come down on them for these kinds of things. If they're legally liable for harm, they're causing, they need cover. And wouldn't this be worth the user fee to provide them cover for what they put in the food supply? Yes, it's great to have the flexibility to have all these things get through the loophole, but it'd be great as well to have some cover so you wouldn't have so much legal exposure. But you guys are the lawyers, so I'm not sure it makes sense. I think you're right that there are forces combining out in the world that are pushing for change here. And I think it's hard to disentangle how much is it that industry's pushing for user fees versus right now I think more willing to consider federal regulatory changes by either FDA or by Congress. At the state level this is huge. There's now becoming a patchwork across states, and I think that is really difficult for industry. We were tracking this year 93 bills in 35 states that either banned an additive in the general public, banned it in schools. Banned ultra-processed foods, which most of the states, interestingly, have all defined differently. But where they have had a definition, it's been tied to various different combinations of additives. So that's going on. And then I think you're right, that the legal cases moving along will push industry to really want clear and better standards. I think there's a good question right now around like how successful will some of these efforts be? But  what we are seeing is real movement, both in FDA and in Congress, in taking action on this. So interestingly, the Health Affairs piece that we worked on was out this spring. But we had this other piece that came out last fall and felt like we were screaming into the void about this is a problem generally recognized as safe as a really big issue. And suddenly that has really changed. And so, you know, in March FDA said they were directed by RFK (Robert F. Kennedy), by HHS (Health and Human Services) to really look into changing their rule on generally recognized as safe. So, I know that's underway. And then in Congress, multiple bills have been introduced. And I know there are several in the works that would address additives and specifically, generally recognized as safe. There's this one piece going on, which is there's forces coalescing around some better method of regulation. I think the question's really going to also be like, will Congress give adequate resources? Because there is also another scenario that I'm worried about that even if FDA said we're going now require at least notification for every substance that's generally recognized as safe. It's a flood of substances. And they just, without more resources, without more staff devoted to this, there's no way that they're going to be able to wade through that. So, I think that either the resources need to come from user fees, or at least partially from user fees, from more appropriations and I think, In my opinion, they are able to do that on their own. Even given where current administrative law stands. Because I think it's very clear that the gist of the statute is that FDA should be overseeing additives. And I think a court would say this is allowing everything to instead go through this alternative pathway. But I really think FDA's going to need resources to manage this. And perhaps more of a push from Congress to make sure that they really do it to the best of their ability. I was going to say there's also an alternative world where we don't end up spending any of these resources, and they require the industry just to disclose all the ingredients they've added to food and put it on a database. This is like low hanging fruit, not very expensive, doesn't require funding. And then the NGOs, I hope, would go to work and say, look at this. There is no safety data for these ingredients. You know, because right now we just can't rely on FDA to do anything unless they get more funding to do something. So, if FDA doesn't get funding, then maybe this database where houses every ingredient that's in the food supply as a requirement could be a low resource solution. Jennifer, I'll come back to you in a minute because I'd like to ask how worried should we be about all this stuff that's going into food. But Emily, let me ask you first, does FDA have the authority to do what it needs to do? Let's say all of a sudden that your wish was granted and there were user fees would it then be able to do what needs to be done? I think certainly to be able to charge these user fees in almost all areas, it right now doesn't have that authority, and Congress would need to act. There's one small area which is within the Food Safety Modernization Act for certain types of like repeat inspections or recalls or there's a couple other. FDA isn't charging fees right now because they haven't taken this one step that they need to take. But they do have the authority if they just take those steps. But for everything else, Congress has to act. I think the real question to me is because we now know so many of these substances are going through this GRAS pathway, the question is really can they do everything they need to do on their own to close that loophole? And again, my opinion is Congress could make it clear and if Congress were to act, it would be better. Like they could redefine it in a way that was much more clear that we are drawing a real line. And most things actually should be on the additive side of the line rather than the generally recognized as safe side of the line. But even with their current authority, with the current definition, I think FDA could at least require notification because they're still drawing a line between what's required for additives, which is a very lengthy pre-market process with, you know, a notice and comment procedure and all of these things. My take is FDA do what you can do now. Let's get the show on the road. Let's take steps here to close up the loophole. And then Congress takes time. But they definitely can even strengthen this and give a little more, I think, directives to FDA as to how to make sure that this loophole doesn't recur down the line. In talks that I've given recently, I've shown an ingredient list from a food that people will recognize. And I ask people to try to guess what that food is from its ingredient list. This particular food has 35 ingredients. You know, a bunch of them that are very hard to pronounce. Very few people would even have any idea at all what those ingredients do. There's no sense at all about how ingredient number 17 would interact with ingredient 31, etc. And it just seems like it's complete chaos. And I don't want to take you guys outside your comfort zone because your backgrounds are law. But Jennifer, let me ask you this. You have a background in public health as well. There are all kinds of reasons to be worried about this, aren't there? There are the concerns about the safety of these things, but then there's a concern about what these ultra-processed ingredients do to your metabolism, your ability to control your weight, to regulate your hunger and things like that. It sounds this is a really important thing. And it's affecting almost everybody in the country. The percentage of calories that are now coming from ultra-processed foods is over 50% in both children and adults. So it sounds like there's really reason to worry. Would you agree? Yes. And also, the FDA is supposed to be overseeing the cumulative effects of the ingredients and it doesn't actually enforce that regulation. Its own regulation that it's supposed to evaluate the cumulative effects. It doesn't actually enforce this. So by cumulative effects do you mean the chronic effects of long term use? And, having these ingredients across multiple products within one person's consumption. Also, the FDA doesn't look at things like the effect on the gut microbiome, neurotoxicity, even cancer risk, even though they're supposed to, they say that if something is GRAS, they don't need to look at it because cancer risk is relegated only to food additives. So here we're at a real issue, right? Because if everything's entering through the GRAS loophole, then they're not looking at carcinogen effects. So, I think there is a big risk and as Emily had said earlier, that these are sometimes long-term risks versus that acute example of tara flour that we don't know. And we do know from the science, both older and emerging science, that ultra-processed food has definite impact on not only consumption, increased consumption, but also on diet related diseases and other health effects. And by definition what we're talking about here are ultra-processed foods. These ingredients are only found in ultra-processed foods. So, we do know that there is cause for concern. It's interesting that you mentioned the microbiome because we've recorded a cluster of podcasts on the microbiome and another cluster of podcasts on artificial sweeteners. Those two universes overlap a good bit because the impact of the artificial sweeteners on some of them, at least on the microbiome, is really pretty negative. And that's just one thing that goes into these foods. It really is pretty important. By the way, that food with 35 ingredients that I mentioned is a strawberry poptart. Jennifer: I know that answer! Emily: How do you know that? Jennifer: Because I've seen Kelly give a million talks. Yes, she has. Emily: I was wondering, I was like, are we never going to find out? So the suspense is lifted. Let me end with this. This has been highly instructive, and I really appreciate you both weighing in on this. So let me ask each of you, is there reason to be optimistic that things could improve. Emily, I'll start with you. So, I've been giving this talk the past few months that's called basically like Chronic Disease, Food Additives and MAHA, like What Could Go Right and What Could Go Wrong. And so, I'm going give you a very lawyerly answer, which is, I feel optimistic because there's attention on the issue. I think states are taking action and there's more attention to this across the political spectrum, which both means things are happening and means that the narrative changing, like people are getting more aware and calling for change in a way that we weren't seeing. On the flip side, I think there's a lot that could go wrong. You know, I think some of the state bills are great and some of them are maybe not so great. And then I think this administration, you have an HHS and FDA saying, they're going to take action on this in the midst of an administration that's otherwise very deregulatory. In particular, they're not supposed to put out new regulations if they can get rid of 10 existing ones. There are some things you can do through guidance and signaling, but I don't think you can really fix these issues without like real durable legislative change. So, I'm sorry to be one of the lawyers here. I think the signals are going in the right direction, but jury is out a little bit on how well we'll actually do. And I hope we can do well given the momentum. What do you think, Jennifer? I agree that the national attention is very promising to these issues. The states are passing laws that are shocking to me. That Texas passing a warning label law, I would never have thought in the history of the world, that Texas would be the one to pass a warning label law. They're doing great things and I actually have hope that something can come of this. But I am concerned at the federal level of the focus on deregulation may make it impossible. User fees is an example of where they won't have to regulate, but they could provide funding to the FDA to actually act in areas that it has the authority to act. That is one solution that could actually work under this administration if they were amenable to it. But I also think in some ways the states could save us. I worry, you know, Emily brought up the patchwork, which is the key term the industry uses to try to get preemption. I do worry about federal preemption of state actions. But the states right now are the ones saving us. California is the first to save the whole nation. The food industry isn't going to create new food supply for California and then the rest of the country. And then it's the same with other states. So, the states might be the ones that actually can make some real meaningful changes and get some of the most unsafe ingredients out of the food supply, which some of the states have now successfully done. Bios Emily Broad Leib is a Clinical Professor of Law, Director of Harvard Law School Center for Health Law and Policy Innovation, and Founding Director of the Harvard Law School Food Law and Policy Clinic, the nation's first law school clinic devoted to providing legal and policy solutions to the health, economic, and environmental challenges facing our food system. Working directly with clients and communities, Broad Leib champions community-led food system change, reduction in food waste, food access and food is medicine interventions, and equity and sustainability in food production. Her scholarly work has been published in the California Law Review, Wisconsin Law Review, Harvard Law & Policy Review, Food & Drug Law Journal, and Journal of Food Law & Policy, among others. Professor Jennifer Pomeranz is a public health lawyer who researches policy and legal options to address the food environment, obesity, products that cause public harm, and social injustice that lead to health disparities. Prior to joining the NYU faculty, Professor Pomeranz was an Assistant Professor at the School of Public Health at Temple University and in the Center for Obesity Research and Education at Temple. She was previously the Director of Legal Initiatives at the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale University. She has also authored numerous peer-reviewed and law review journal articles and a book, Food Law for Public Health, published by Oxford University Press in 2016. Professor Pomeranz leads the Public Health Policy Research Lab and regularly teaches Public Health Law and Food Policy for Public Health.

  Hi there. I'm Dr. Mary Travelbest, coming to you from a recent trip, on a 90-day solo journey around the world.   Listener Story Spotlight   Alina, whom I met in Toronto and who hosted me for my final four nights, is trying to travel to Seattle this week, but she's been affected by the Air Canada airline strike. She's a great traveler who has visited Japan, Spain, and many European countries. She was an excellent Servas host. Look up Servas if you want to encourage world peace with cultural exchange.   Quick-fire FAQ:   The FAQ for today is: What was my favorite place during my 90-day journey? It's what I get asked nearly every day. I don't want to leave anyone out, so I usually say, 'Right here is my favorite place.' Right now, I'm home, so that's my favorite place. It's usually the NEXT trip that I'll be taking. My next trip is for work, to Las Vegas, so that's not a favorite. I can stay here for up to two nights, and then I need to get out. However, after that, it's off to Chicago soon. That will be a favorite this fall.   60-second Travelbest confidence challenge   Walk outside. Close your eyes and stop where you are. Listen to the sounds you hear. Did you catch every sound? Make a list in your mind. Continue walking and focus on what you hear. The sounds of nature or the city are there, but maybe you haven't been listening. Go ahead and do this once a week. That's your challenge. If you like today's Confidence Challenge, Chapter 1 of my 5 Steps series book A dives deeper—link in description.”   See Book A for addressing all of these items. https://www.5stepstosolotravel.com/   Destination Deep‑Dive Today's special destination is:  A summary of my 90-day trip. Part One  I began my trip in South America on May 13, 2025. I charted a course to go around the world from north to south. I flew to Chicago to begin my trip and then went to Bogota, Colombia, Cartagena, and finally Medellin. I spent a total of four weeks in South America, traveling through four countries, each for one week. Some of the highlights of South America would include fantastic artwork in downtown Medellin and riding on their very sophisticated tram system. In Cartagena, I had the opportunity to explore the old town and the city walls, as well as spend a day at Isla Blanca, a resort. My second week was spent in Ecuador, where I spent several days on the island of Isabela in the Galapagos. I saw many natural wonders here on this small island. I explored the tunnels and had the opportunity to swim with sea turtles during this trip. I also saw many lizards and other unusual creatures. After arriving in Peru, I landed in Lima and then traveled to Cusco by plane, where I spent a few days acclimating to the high altitude. I spent one 19-hour day in Machu Picchu, leaving at 3 AM and arriving at about 11 PM. That was quite an adventure, and it was a beautiful day at that. I felt that I got to know the city of Lima after visiting it for the second time at the end of May, when I spent a week in Brazil. I first arrived in Rio de Janeiro and visited the Christ the Redeemer statue.   I then spent several days exploring the city before heading to the sister city across the bay in Nero, where I enjoyed the locals and the beaches. I then flew to São Paulo. I explored this vast metropolis, one of the largest cities I've ever seen. From there I flew to South Africa via Angola, and when I arrived in Cape Town, I rented a car and drove on the left side of the road for the first time. I explored the Garden Route for several days before returning to Cape Town, situated at the southernmost tip of Africa. After Cape Town, I flew to Johannesburg on another airline. I was fortunate to visit the Apartheid Museum and the homes of two Nobel Peace Prize winners, all in the same neighborhood. This is my second trip to Africa, so I was glad to see a different part of it this time. I'll finish up my summary in the next episode, so stay tuned.  Smart Move and Slip-up pairings  One of my slip-ups on this trip was losing my phone. I lost it while I was entering the CN Tower in Toronto, one of the city's most popular tourist attractions. I was going through the X-ray machine, and they asked me to take off my vest. They also asked me to remove items from the pockets in the vest. They removed my phone from my pocket and dropped it in the basket when I was collecting my vest. I forgot to put the phone back in my pocket and proceeded to enter the exhibit for about five minutes. When I went to take a photo of an item on the tour, I couldn't find my phone I knew where it was so I turned around retrace my steps, made sure that they were gonna give me a reentry went into their highly secure staffing room and retrieved my phone immediately so don't slip up like I did and leave your phone behind when you're going through security, even if you seem to be a little bit nervous when you're going through there take a minute and make sure you have all your things. The smart move is to take a breath whenever you are going through a security situation. 60-second confidence challenge   Here's my challenge for you. Can you pack all of your toiletries and one small cube that will help build your confidence in many ways? Don't forget to zip up any items that could leak, especially if you have bug or mosquito protection, such as DEET, which should be double-bagged.   Resources Roundup   One of the good places to find resources is with your government agencies, such as the US consulate. Don't hesitate to check those out before you take a big trip.   Take away mantra and goodbye.   My takeaway for today is that traveling in one direction means that you don't have to double back and return to the same destination. Making a loop is a more efficient way to travel, draw a circle, and see where you can go on that journey, instead of just coming back.      

Imagine what your bucket list trip looks like, then imagine the excitement of doing that on your own terms solo.. awesome right !! On this episode, guest host Alex Roy interviews Josh Smith about a recent trip to Rio Marie, and the Pirarcu Lodge in Brazil, South America. A cool story of massive Peacock Bass, Arapaima and various other ooglies and he's (Josh) the only one who speaks English. What an adventure !! How do you say Heck Yeah in Portuguese ?  This show presented by Power Pole, Beast Brushes, Nervous Water, Kettafly Apparel and Flats Craft 

Thinking about escaping the cold this winter? Look south! In this episode of the 10Adventures Podcast, Richard is joined by Nadine — fresh back from maternity leave — to count down the 10 best treks in South America. These are the adventures most loved and most booked on Ten Adventures, mixed with a few insider favorites that pack an unforgettable punch. From the rugged peaks of Patagonia to the cultural wonders of Peru and the hidden gems of Bolivia and Colombia, this episode is full of inspiration for your next big adventure. Whether you're looking for a guided trek, a challenging circuit, or a once-in-a-lifetime view of Machu Picchu, there's something here for every hiker.  

Full Text of ReadingsSaturday of the Twentieth Week in Ordinary Time Lectionary: 424The Saint of the day is Saint Rose of LimaSaint Rose of Lima’s Story The first canonized saint of the New World has one characteristic of all saints—the suffering of opposition—and another characteristic which is more for admiration than for imitation—excessive practice of mortification. She was born to parents of Spanish descent in Lima, Peru, at a time when South America was in its first century of evangelization. She seems to have taken Catherine of Siena as a model, in spite of the objections and ridicule of parents and friends. The saints have so great a love of God that what seems bizarre to us, and is indeed sometimes imprudent, is simply a logical carrying out of a conviction that anything that might endanger a loving relationship with God must be rooted out. So, because her beauty was so often admired, Rose used to rub her face with pepper to produce disfiguring blotches. Later, she wore a thick circlet of silver on her head, studded on the inside, like a crown of thorns. When her parents fell into financial trouble, she worked in the garden all day and sewed at night. Ten years of struggle against her parents began when they tried to make Rose marry. They refused to let her enter a convent, and out of obedience she continued her life of penance and solitude at home as a member of the Third Order of Saint Dominic. So deep was her desire to live the life of Christ that she spent most of her time at home in solitude. During the last few years of her life, Rose set up a room in the house where she cared for homeless children, the elderly, and the sick. This was a beginning of social services in Peru. Though secluded in life and activity, she was brought to the attention of Inquisition interrogators, who could only say that she was influenced by grace. What might have been a merely eccentric life was transfigured from the inside. If we remember some unusual penances, we should also remember the greatest thing about Rose: a love of God so ardent that it withstood ridicule from without, violent temptation, and lengthy periods of sickness. When she died at 31, the city turned out for her funeral. Prominent men took turns carrying her coffin. Reflection It is easy to dismiss excessive penances of the saints as the expression of a certain culture or temperament. But a woman wearing a crown of thorns may at least prod our consciences. We enjoy the most comfort-oriented life in human history. We eat too much, drink too much, use a million gadgets, fill our eyes and ears with everything imaginable. Commerce thrives on creating useless needs on which to spend our money. It seems that when we have become most like slaves, there is the greatest talk of “freedom.” Are we willing to discipline ourselves in such an atmosphere? Saint Rose of Lima is the Patron Saint of: AmericasFloristsLatin AmericaPeruPhilippinesSouth America Saint of the Day, Copyright Franciscan Media

D.D. Finder is a former Flight and ICU Nurse, EMT-Basic, Returned Peace Corps Volunteer, and author with more than 20 years of healthcare experience. Throughout his career, he has earned multiple awards for excellence in patient care, both in-flight and in the hospital. Finder lives in Colorado with his wife and continues to serve as an RN. He is the author of Ready Left, Ready Right, a powerful novel that explores resilience and courage in the world of helicopter EMS. His deep respect for first responders and nurses fuels his writing, where he highlights their intelligence, dedication, sacrifice, and compassion. A dedicated medical professional, and returned Peace Corps volunteer, Finder has built his life around service and the pursuit of human potential. Beyond medicine, he is a challenge seeker who has participated in a world record attempt and recently hiked the Grand Canyon rim-to-rim in a single day. He has lived in underserved and remote communities throughout Central and South America, working on the front lines in some of the most isolated areas. His mission is to inspire and support first responders and nurses by sharing hard-earned lessons and giving back to a profession that has both shaped and tested him.www.TheMountainSidePodcast.comAffiliates LinksSponsor Linkswww.BulletProof.comMountain Side listeners Use Discounts code: MOUNTAINSIDE to receive 20% off all Bulletproof products!www.SABObroadheads.comMountain Side listeners receive $10 off & Free Shipping on all SABO Broadheads!www.Knicpouches.comMountain Side listeners Use Discounts code: MOUNTAINSIDE15 to receive 15% off all K-Nic products!

Chocolate may fill grocery store shelves around the world, but the raw product that powers chocolate is far more selective. The majority of chocolate farms are found in West Africa and South America – just 20 degrees north or south of the equator. Each farm produces chocolate of a different flavor. Some cocoa tastes fruitier; others, more floral. Nutty. Earthy. Spicy. But what drives these different flavor profiles? And can it be recreated in a lab? A team led by scientists at the University of Nottingham in the UK sought to find out and published their results in the journal Nature Microbiology this week. Curious about other ways science intersects with food? Email us at shortwave@npr.org.Listen to every episode of Short Wave sponsor-free and support our work at NPR by signing up for Short Wave+ at plus.npr.org/shortwave.Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoicesNPR Privacy Policy

The Philippines just introduced a landmark bill to build a 10,000 BTC strategic reserve, acquired at 2,000 BTC per year and locked away for 20 years. If passed, this would propel the Philippines into the top tier of sovereign Bitcoin holders, joining El Salvador and Bhutan in the nation-state arms race. BREAKING: Brazil has now entered the game. On August 20th, Brazil's Chamber of Deputies held the first public hearing on Bill 4501/24, which proposes allocating up to 5% of international reserves (~$19B) into Bitcoin. This would be one of the largest sovereign Bitcoin buys in history. As Asia and South America step onto the battlefield, the BTC Arms Race is accelerating. Nation-states are moving fast to secure Bitcoin before the supply shock hits. Hyperbitcoinization isn't a question of if - it's a countdown. For the full premium livestream experience with video, visit our Rumble at http://BitcoinNewsAlerts.net

GOLTV's Nino Torres goes Fully Loaded on the events at the AvellanedaWe look at the shocking events between Universidad de Chile and Independiente- adding some understanding of the culture in South America, looking at the response of the home club, and what could be done by CONMEBOL 

Established in 1852, Devil's Island, one of six penal colonies in French Guiana, was finally closed on 22nd August, 1953. Nicknamed the ‘Green Hell' and the ‘Dry Guillotine', it earned a reputation as ‘The Alcatraz of South America': the world's most brutal prison. Established by Emperor Napoleon III to remove political opponents and jumpstart France's programme of colonisation, the horrors of the islands became more understood in France following the publication of memoirs by René Belbenoît and Henri ‘Papillon' Charrière. In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly explain why a spell on Devil's Island was potentially preferable to elsewhere in Guiana; reveal what the guards did with rebellious prisoners and their cadavers; and check out some contemporary perspectives - on TripAdvisor… Further Reading: • Why Devil's Island Was The World's Most Feared Prison (All Thats Interesting, 2021): https://allthatsinteresting.com/devils-island • ‘Notorious French Prison Turns Into a No-Man's Land' (LA Times, 2002): https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-dec-15-adfg-devilisle15-story.html • ‘Devil's Island Prison Colony' (British Pathé, 1947): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_xCHbpkDss This episode first aired in 2023 Love the show? Support us!  Join 

Dr. Nick Holton's work focuses on helping individuals, teams, businesses and organizations become better versions of themselves through the application of the cutting-edge science of human flourishing – a synergistic development of both peak performance and overall well-being and fulfillment. Nick currently serves as a private coach and consultant, working with individuals and groups ranging from professional athletes, NCAA programs, educational institutions, and Fortune 500 businesses. He also runs a podcast alongside the Human Flourishing Program at Harvard. The show – FlourishFM – focuses on research to help individuals better understand how to live well. Nick has also directed multiple large scale implementation projects oriented toward human flourishing for schools and organizations around the globe, and has delivered talks and trainings across the US, Europe, India, Hong Kong, Australia, Uganda, Singapore, Mexico, and South America. Dr Adam Wright is a high-performance and executive coach, consultant, and educator who supports a broad range of elite performers whose craft demands their absolute best in volatile, high-stakes environments. Adam's clients range from elite high school, collegiate, and professional athletes to Fortune 100 corporate leaders, professionals in military and law enforcement, and creatives from the entertainment world. He consults with clients in such disparate performance arenas as the front office of the NFL, MLB, the European PGA, MLS, Hollywood, and Wall Street. As a practitioner-scientist, Adam draws from decades of practical experience as a coach and athlete, as well as lessons learned as a researcher and professor. Adam currently serves as Major League Mental Performance Consultant for the Washington Nationals and as an advisor and educational board member for several institutions. Connect with Nick and Adam at www.TheAntifragileAcademy.com BOOK A SPEAKER: Interested in having John or one of our speaking team come to your school, club or coaching event? We are booking November and December 2025 and Winter/Spring 2026 events, please email John@ChangingTheGameProject.com to set up an introductory call. PUT IN YOUR BULK BOOK ORDERS FOR OUR BESTSELLING BOOKS, AND JOIN 2025 CHAMPIONSHIP TEAMS FROM SYRACUSE MENS LAX, UNC AND NAVY WOMENS LAX, AND MCLAREN F1! These are just the most recent championship teams using THE CHAMPION TEAMMATE book with their athletes and support teams. Many of these coaches are also getting THE CHAMPION SPORTS PARENT so their team parents can be part of a successful culture. Schools and clubs are using EVERY MOMENT MATTERS for staff development and book clubs. Are you?  We have been fulfilling numerous bulk orders for some of the top high school and collegiate sports programs in the country, will your team be next? Click here to visit John's author page on Amazon Click here to visit Jerry's author page on Amazon Please email John@ChangingTheGameProject.com if you want discounted pricing on 10 or more books on any of our books. Thanks everyone. This week's podcast is brought to you by our friends at Sprocket Sports.  Sprocket Sports is a new software platform for youth sports clubs.  Yeah, there are a lot of these systems out there, but Sprocket provides the full enchilada. They give you all the cool front-end stuff to make your club look good– like websites and marketing tools – AND all the back-end transactions and services to run your business better so you can focus on what really matters – your players and your teams. Sprocket is built for those clubs looking to thrive, not just survive, in the competitive world of youth sports clubs.  So if you've been looking for a true business partner – not just another app – check them out today at https://sprocketsports.me/CTG. BECOME A PREMIUM MEMBER OF CHANGING THE GAME PROJECT TO SUPPORT THE PODCAST If you or your club/school is looking for all of our best content, from online courses to blog posts to interviews organized for coaches, parents and athletes, then become a premium member of Changing the Game Project today. For over a decade we have been creating materials to help change the game. and it has become a bit overwhelming to find old podcasts, blog posts and more. Now, we have organized it all for you, with areas for coaches, parents and even athletes to find materials to help compete better, and put some more play back in playing ball. Clubs please email John@ChangingTheGameProject.com for pricing.  Become a Podcast Champion! This weeks podcast is also sponsored by our Patreon Podcast Champions. Help Support the Podcast and get FREE access to our Premium Membership, with well over $1000 of courses and materials. If you love the podcast, we would love for you to become a Podcast Champion, (https://www.patreon.com/wayofchampions) for as little as a cup of coffee per month (OK, its a Venti Mocha), to help us up the ante and provide even better interviews, better sound, and an overall enhanced experience. Plus, as a $10 per month Podcast Super-Champion, you will be granted a Premium Changing the Game Project Membership, where you will have access to every course, interview and blog post we have created organized by topic from coaches to parents to athletes. Thank you for all your support these past eight years, and a special big thank you to all of you who become part of our inner circle, our patrons, who will enable us to take our podcast to the next level. https://www.patreon.com/wayofchampions

Headlines: – Welcome to Mo News + National Bacon Lovers Day (02:00) – Texas Set To Pass New Congressional Map Amid Mid-Decade Redistricting Push (06:20) – Texas Effect: Democratic and More Republican States Now Consider Redistricting As Well (09:20) – Justice Department Investigating D.C. Police Over Alleged Fake Crime Data (15:40)– Trump Says Putin Has Agreed To Meet Zelensky – What Does Russia Say? (20:45) – Bolivia Rejects Socialism As Left On Decline In South America (25:20) – Sam Altman On GPT-6: ‘People Want Memory' (28:10) – Taylor Swift & Bruce Springsteen Tickets Scandal Sees FTC Sue Reseller (31:20) – Florida Neighborhood Dethrones California's Beverly Hills as America's Priciest Community (33:45) – On This Day In History (35:50) Thanks To Our Sponsors:  – ⁠LMNT⁠ - Free Sample Pack with any LMNT drink mix purchase –⁠ Industrious⁠ - Coworking office. 50% off day pass | Promo Code: MONEWS50 – Incogni - 60% off an annual plan| Promo Code: MONEWS – Leesa – 30% off mattress, plus extra $50 off | Promo Code: MONEWS – ⁠Boll & Branch⁠ – 15% off, plus free shipping on your first set of sheets

Imagine, you're a toxic toad hanging around South America. No other animals are gonna mess with you, right? After all, you're ~toxic~! So if anyone tries to eat you, they'll be exposed to something called a cardiotonic steroid — and may die of a heart attack. Well, unfortunately, for you, some animals have developed adaptations to these toxic steroids. Evolutionary biologist Shabnam Mohammadi has spent her career studying how these adaptations work — and says even humans have used these toxins to their advantage since ancient Egypt. So today on Short Wave, we get a little… toxic (cue Brittney Spears). Host Regina G. Barber talks to Shabnam about how some predators can get away with eating toxic prey. Curious about biology? Email us at shortwave@npr.org.Listen to every episode of Short Wave sponsor-free and support our work at NPR by signing up for Short Wave+ at plus.npr.org/shortwave. Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoicesNPR Privacy Policy

The tomato is Gastropod's favorite flavor of summer, and we're not alone: today, it's the most popular vegetable on the planet, despite the fact that it's technically a fruit. But, until a couple of hundred years ago, the tomato wasn't really anyone's favorite. In South America, where the tomato originates, no one even bothered to domesticate it; in Mexico, the Aztecs seem to have preferred tomatillos; Renaissance Europeans thought this member of the nightshade family was practically poisonous; and, until the 1830s, most Americans considered them an “acquired taste.” Even in Italy, where the culinary mainstays of pizza and pasta now depend on red sauce, it took centuries to catch on. So why was the tomato so unloved—and how did it end up converting the haters on its rise to glory? Listen in this episode for the story of how Italian block parties, snake oil pills, and the state of Florida played in a role in the tomato's journey to global domination—as well as the epic tale of one man's quest to make the industrial tomato taste great again. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices