Podcasts about human immunodeficiency virus

In this episode, Tzu-Hao (Howard) Lee, MD; Tatyana Kushner, MD, MSCE; and patient advocate Andrew Reynolds discuss hepatitis C virus (HCV) care in men who have sex with men and pregnant people, including:HCV disease burden in the United StatesScreening recommendations Strategies to overcome barriers to HCV screeningTreatment recommendations, including simplified treatment guidance and considerations for pregnant peopleStrategies to improve treatment uptakePresenters:Tzu-Hao (Howard) Lee, MDAssistant ProfessorSection of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of MedicineDivision of Abdominal Transplant, Department of SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineHouston, TexasTatyana Kushner, MD, MSCEAssociate ProfessorDivision of Gastroenterology/HepatologyDepartment of Obstetrics & GynecologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew York, New YorkAndrew ReynoldsDirector, Health of People Who Use DrugsSan Francisco AIDS FoundationSan Francisco, CaliforniaTo access all of our new podcast episodes, subscribe to the CCO Infectious Disease Podcast on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, or Spotify. Link to full program:https://bit.ly/4j973TNDownloadable slides: https://bit.ly/4gXuBcu

In this episode, Jean-Michel Molina, MD, PhD, and Joseph J. Eron, Jr., MD, discuss results from key clinical trials on HIV prevention and treatment as well as sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention presented at IDWeek and Glasgow 2024, including:PURPOSE 1 and 2 comparing lenacapavir injection vs oral TDF/FTCTRIO Health Cohort and OPERA examining long-acting cabotegravir as PrEPDOLCE comparing DTG/3TC as first-line therapy in treatment-naive patients with HIVPRIDOX evaluating the use of DoxyPEP on STI incidence in men who have sex with men on PrEPPresenters:Jean-Michel Molina, MD, PhDProfessor of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of Paris CitéHead of the Department of Infectious DiseasesHospital Saint-Louis and lariboisièreParis, FranceJoseph J. Eron, Jr., MDProfessor of Medicine, School of MedicineHerman and Louise Smith Distinguished ProfessorChief, Division of Infectious DiseasesDirector, Clinical Core, UNC Center for AIDS ResearchAdjunct Professor of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, North CarolinaLink to full program: https://bit.ly/3BBaZvJ

In this rapid webinar, Meredith E. Clement, MD, and Linda-Gail Bekker, MBChB, DTMH, DCH, FCP(SA), PhD, provide an overview of important topics and studies presented at HIVR4P 2024, including:Expanding PrEP options based on results from PURPOSE 2, IMPOWER-22, IMPOWER-24, IPM 054, MTN-025/HOPE OLE, CATALYST, and the HPTN 084 substudyImplementing injectable PrEP based on results from PEPFAR, the USAID DISCOVER-Health LA CAB Demonstration Project in Zambia, and the LA CAB PrEP Rapid Start Model in Public Health ClinicsImproving PrEP uptake based on results from SPrEP and HPTN 091  Presenters:Meredith E. Clement, MDAssociate ProfessorInfectious DiseasesLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew Orleans, LouisianaLinda-Gail Bekker, MBChB, DTMH, DCH, FCP(SA), PhDDirector and Professor, The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, UCTCEO, The Desmond Tutu Health FoundationCape Town, South AfricaTo access all of our new podcast episodes, subscribe to the CCO Infectious Disease Podcast on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, or Spotify. Link to full program: https://bit.ly/3NJIDSA

In this rapid webinar, Meredith E. Clement, MD, and Linda-Gail Bekker, MBChB, DTMH, DCH, FCP(SA), PhD, provide an overview of important topics and studies presented at HIVR4P 2024, including:Expanding PrEP options based on results from PURPOSE 2, IMPOWER-22, IMPOWER-24, IPM 054, MTN-025/HOPE OLE, CATALYST, and the HPTN 084 substudyImplementing injectable PrEP based on results from PEPFAR, the USAID DISCOVER-Health LA CAB Demonstration Project in Zambia, and the LA CAB PrEP Rapid Start Model in Public Health ClinicsImproving PrEP uptake based on results from SPrEP and HPTN 091 Presenters:Meredith E. Clement, MDAssociate ProfessorInfectious DiseasesLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew Orleans, LouisianaLinda-Gail Bekker, MBChB, DTMH, DCH, FCP(SA), PhDDirector and Professor, The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, UCTCEO, The Desmond Tutu Health FoundationCape Town, South AfricaTo access all of our new podcast episodes, subscribe to the CCO Infectious Disease Podcast on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, or Spotify. Link to full program: https://bit.ly/3NJIDSA

The Beast Chastens Apostasy  (audio) David Eells 10/16/24  The Ignorance of Apostasy  Kaile H. - 05/22/2007 (David's notes in red)   I was visiting the old church I went to when I lived in Texas. The church building was a lot larger than I remember. On this day, the church was having a large conference of some kind and all the age groups were broken up. I decided that morning I wanted to help with the children's activities and everything that had to do with the children.  After I began helping with the children, I noticed that there was a group in the auditorium that was kind of in their own section, not surrounded by any other group of children. I thought that was a little strange. I asked a few of the other volunteers/friends and they very quietly, in almost a whisper, told me “that those children had HIV and no one really knows about them other than the church staff and those who volunteer with the children; most of the other children don't even know. Those who have found out have left the church”. (The children here represent the people in the church who are spiritually immature. 1Co 14:20 Brethren, be not children in mind: yet in malice be ye babes, but in mind be men (Greek: of full age). In the natural HIV is Human Immunodeficiency Virus, which weakens the body's immune system until it can no longer fight off its enemies. This leads to AIDS, which is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, and death shortly thereafter. The interpretation is one who is spiritually immature cannot fight off their enemies of sin and its curse and is ultimately conquered and spiritually dies even though they still occupy a pew. Those who find out that their church is in this state generally leave as the ones who left shows.)  When she told me this I was alarmed that no one truly cared to help these children and had been keeping this very serious matter a secret to most of the congregation. Nonetheless, I continued working with the children. (Most of the spiritually immature do not know that there is spiritual HIV in their own congregations.)  At the end of the conference, all of the families left and then all of the church staff and volunteers began to leave. When I started walking out, I saw my father and a few of my friends. I ran up to them and asked, “Did you know that there is a large group of children who have HIV in this church?”  They all agreed that they in fact knew that there were children with that ailment and didn't seem to care. (This spiritual state is so common that it is not looked on as the great danger that it is.) Then I asked them, “How did the children get HIV? Why haven't you guys left the church like the others?” (Physically, The DS created HIV so it comes from the Beast. In the natural, children generally get HIV from their mother at birth and the mother gets it from the father. The fathers are the spiritual leaders of the church. Paul said, “You have not many fathers, I begat you through the gospel.” So spiritually, the fathers, or pastors, are the ones who sow the diseased seed from their beastly nature, which destroys the immune system of the church who is the mother of the individual members. The seed that is sown in most of the church makes perpetual children out of its members, who have no real defense against the principalities and powers who administer the curse. “Come out from among them and be ye separate”.)  My dad told me, “I'm not really sure how the children got HIV but I do know the church leaders know. Maybe you should ask them. (The pastors know how the children got in this weak state because they sowed the seed of powerless dead religion in them.) I haven't left the church because this is my church and I'm not leaving just because there is a disease here”. (Those who will not leave when they see this state in the church don't because they are in gross idolatry with their dead religion.)  I couldn't understand how and why the church was so secretive about this issue that they had in their church. I thought all of the people who had stayed, including my father and friends, were extremely ignorant. I knew that I would not stand for a church that covered up something. I left the parking lot of that church very disturbed at how much it had changed and knew I was never going back. (Amen!)  As soon as I woke up the Lord revealed to me what this dream meant:  He was showing me how prevalent the apostate church is in America. The children with HIV represent a disease in the church that the church members and leaders knowingly ignore. Instead of coming out of the church many stay knowing it is not what the Lord desires for them. Shouldn't those children be healed of their ailment since by His stripes they were healed? (But generally the ignorant don't know this or the power of God to save from sin and its curse of death.) I believe this is a warning to those who the Lord has revealed the apostate church to but have ignored His revelation and continued to walk in their ignorance.  Since my earthly father was in this group of people, I knew the Lord was confirming to me that He was in fact talking about the ignorant children who have seen the apostasy but didn't turn back to Him. For many years, my father has ignored many of the revelations that the Lord has given me that I have shared with him and has decided to ignore them.  The Lord's children need to turn back to Him if they have seen the apostasy and have ignored it. If He has not yet revealed the apostasy to them, let this be a testament to His love for them to show them what is going on in our churches and come back to Him.  (Hos.4:6 My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge: because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will also reject thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me: seeing thou hast forgotten the law of thy God, I also will forget thy children. 7 As they were multiplied, so they sinned against me: I will change their glory into shame. 8 They feed on the sin of my people, and set their heart on their iniquity. 9 And it shall be, like people, like priest; and I will punish them for their ways, and will requite them their doings. 10 And they shall eat, and not have enough; they shall play the harlot, and shall not increase; because they have left off taking heed to Jehovah. 11 Whoredom and wine and new wine take away the understanding. 12 My people ask counsel at their stock, and their staff declareth unto them; for the spirit of whoredom hath caused them to err, and they have played the harlot, [departing] from under their God.)      The Fall of Babylonian Religion David Eells  Our Father is raising up a Beast kingdom as a demolition crew to tear down or burn down all the wood, hay and stubble built on the foundation of Christ. You can be sure that everything built on the shifting sands of this world will go too, for everything that can be shaken will be.   In a vision, I was standing on a mountain and looking down the mountainside. I saw a construction crew coming up the mountainside putting up the big metal power poles for high voltage power lines. Then I looked down beside me on the ground and noticed a very old, emaciated cow lying there. It looked as though it was about to die. Next to it was a very large baby boy that I knew had been born from that cow. Next, I saw a front-end loader come and scoop up the cow and carry it away. I picked up the baby and walked over and got on an escalator. As we were going up, I noticed a woman next to me with a normal-sized baby. Looking at my baby, she said, “That looks like a real baby boy”. Watching the front-end loader carry away the cow, I said, “Yeah, I wonder how that's possible”.  It's possible because a remnant people in this trap of dead religion which has not power from God to save, heal and deliver realize this and are birthed from the old cow which doesn't even feed good milk. Then the scene changed, and I was walking into a ministers' conference. All the famous religious leaders of the U.S. were there. A famous minister who everyone knows and who I felt represented a generation of ministers, walked over and handed me some papers. Then the Lord said to me, “This is his propaganda about what he has accomplished”. (If we have accomplished anything, it is by God's power, will, and grace for “a man can receive nothing except it come from heaven”.) God gave me the interpretation in my spirit. The power lines are the power of God coming to faithful Christians in the Kingdom, symbolized by the mountain. The power will not come until the old cow, the Babylonish religious systems of men, are moved out of the way just as new wine cannot be put in old wineskins. I was told that the old cow was the golden calf, now come to full age and passing away.   We read in Exo 32:4 And he received it at their hand, and fashioned it with a graving tool, and made it a molten calf: and they said, These are thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. They were speaking of the golden calf, they said in Hebrew, “This is thy God”. God here in the literal is Elohim just as it is in verse 11 And Moses besought Jehovah his God, and said, Jehovah, why doth thy wrath wax hot against thy people, that thou hast brought forth out of the land of Egypt with great power and with a mighty hand?   And it says in verse 5 And when Aaron saw this, he built an altar before it; and Aaron made proclamation, and said, To-morrow shall be a feast to Jehovah. Lord here in the literal is YHWH, the name of our God. In other words, they were calling the golden calf Elohim and YHWH. They were giving God's name to a false god. If you have been sold on a Jesus that looks different from the Jesus of the Bible, guess what, you are worshiping the golden calf, the old cow. The old cow is “another Jesus” as Paul called it in 2Co 11:4 For if he that cometh preacheth another Jesus, whom we did not preach, or [if] ye receive a different spirit, which ye did not receive, or a different gospel, which ye did not accept, ye do well to bear with [him].  He was the Egyptian Baal; the false virgin birthed son of God from Babel. You will take on the image of the Jesus you follow. Hence, the old cow represents those who have taken on the image of a false Jesus. As this old cow is being moved out of the Kingdom the greater works will be manifest through the true disciples of Christ. We want only the true image of Jesus as it says in 2Co 3:18 But we all, with unveiled face beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, are transformed into the same image from glory to glory, even as from the Lord the Spirit.  The greatest beast army the world has ever known is about to come against what is thought to be the Kingdom of God. They are the construction crew that will move the Babylonish cow out of the way. A remnant baby will come out of this cow and come to maturity which is Zion. Jer 50:3-12 For out of the north there cometh up a nation against her, which shall make her land desolate, and none shall dwell therein: they are fled, they are gone, both man and beast. 4 In those days, and in that time, saith Jehovah, the children of Israel shall come, they and the children of Judah together; they shall go on their way weeping, and shall seek Jehovah their God. 5 They shall inquire concerning Zion with their faces thitherward, saying, Come ye, and join yourselves to Jehovah in an everlasting covenant that shall not be forgotten.  (The apostates have forgotten that those who add to or take away from the word are under the curses of the Bible as the last verses of the Bible warn.) 6 My people have been lost sheep: their shepherds have caused them to go astray; they have turned them away on the mountains; they have gone from mountain to hill; they have forgotten their resting-place. 7 All that found them have devoured them; and their adversaries said, We are not guilty, because they have sinned against Jehovah, the habitation of righteousness, even Jehovah, the hope of their fathers. 8 Flee out of the midst of Babylon, and go forth out of the land of the Chaldeans, and be as the he-goats before the flocks.   9 For, lo, I will stir up and cause to come up against Babylon a company of great nations from the north country; and they shall set themselves in array against her; from thence she shall be taken: their arrows shall be as of an expert mighty man; none shall return in vain. (This is happening now to political and spiritual Babylon.) 10 And Chaldea (Babylon) shall be a prey: all that prey upon her shall be satisfied, saith Jehovah. 11 Because ye are glad, because ye rejoice, O ye that plunder my heritage, because ye are wanton as a heifer that treadeth out the grain, and neigh as strong horses; 12 your mother (Babylon) shall be utterly put to shame; she that bare you shall be confounded: behold, she shall be the hindermost of the nations, a wilderness, a dry land, and a desert.   The escalator represents the rest, the ceasing from our own works, which is like climbing steps, which we're told in Heb 4:10-11 For he that is entered into his rest hath himself also rested from his works, as God did from his. (The rest is the escalator.) 11 Let us therefore give diligence to enter into that rest, that no man fall after the same example of disobedience. We do this through faith in the promises as it says in Heb 4:1-3 Let us fear therefore, lest haply, a promise being left of entering into his rest, any one of you should seem to have come short of it. 2 For indeed we have had good tidings preached unto us, even as also they: but the word of hearing did not profit them, because it was not united by faith with them that heard. 3 For we who have believed do enter into that rest; even as he hath said, As I sware in my wrath, They shall not enter into my rest: although the works were finished from the foundation of the world.   You do not walk upon an escalator; you just rest. God's land of rest is standing on the promises as God told Joshua in Jos 1:3 Every place that the sole of your foot shall tread upon, to you have I given it, as I spake unto Moses.  And Jesus taught us in Mar 11:24 (NENT) Therefore I say unto you, All things whatsoever ye pray and ask for, believe that ye received them, and ye shall have them. If you believe that you have received, you will cease from your struggles, self-works, and anxiety to bring it to pass. And we're told in 1Jn 5:14-15 And this is the boldness which we have toward him, that, if we ask anything according to his will, he heareth us: 15 and if we know that he heareth us whatsoever we ask, we know that we have the petitions which we have asked of him. For we who have believed do enter into that rest… in ceasing from our works, because the works are already accomplished by God in Heb.4:3.   For instance, if we ask God to deliver us from some sin or sickness (1Pe 2:24 who his own self bare our sins in his body upon the tree, that we, having died unto sins, might live unto righteousness; by whose stripes ye were healed.) or some other curse (Gal 3:13 Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us; for it is written, Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree:), we must believe we have received since these promises are all past tense. (Notice it says “bare our sins”, and “were healed”, and “redeemed us from the curse”)   In Eph 2:8 in the original Greek it says, for by grace have ye been saved through faith; and this not of yourselves, it is the gift of God. If you have been saved, then you are saved. The word saved here is the Greek word, sozo and is translated “made thee whole” in some other scriptures including Luk 8:48 And he said unto her, Daughter, thy faith hath made thee whole; go in peace. Obviously, being healed is part of being saved from the curse of sin.   The word “saved” also means saved in circumstances in Mat 8:25 And they came to him, and awoke him, saying, Save, Lord; we perish. And it means deliverance in Luk 8:36 And they that saw it told them how he that was possessed with demons was made whole. So, “saved” covers deliverance from sin and its curses; and remember, you have been saved at the cross where Jesus said in Joh 19:30 …, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up his spirit. He also said in Joh 16:33 These things have I spoken unto you, that in me ye may have peace. In the world ye have tribulation: but be of good cheer; I have overcome the world.  By this rest, the baby will come nearer and nearer to God (like going up the escalator) and be protected and provided for in the days to come by the awesome promises we claim in:  Psa 91:1 He that dwelleth in the secret place of the Most High Shall abide under the shadow of the Almighty. 2 I will say of Jehovah, He is my refuge and my fortress; My God, in whom I trust. 3 For he will deliver thee from the snare of the fowler, And from the deadly pestilence. 4 He will cover thee with his pinions, And under his wings shalt thou take refuge: His truth is a shield and a buckler.   5 Thou shalt not be afraid for the terror by night, Nor for the arrow that flieth by day; 6 For the pestilence that walketh in darkness, Nor for the destruction that wasteth at noonday. 7 A thousand shall fall at thy side, And ten thousand at thy right hand; But it shall not come nigh thee. 8 Only with thine eyes shalt thou behold, And see the reward of the wicked.   9 For thou, O Jehovah, art my refuge! Thou hast made the Most High thy habitation; 10 There shall no evil befall thee, Neither shall any plague come nigh thy tent. 11 For he will give his angels charge over thee, To keep thee in all thy ways. 12 They shall bear thee up in their hands, Lest thou dash thy foot against a stone. 13 Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder: The young lion and the serpent shalt thou trample under foot.   14 Because he hath set his love upon me, therefore will I deliver him: I will set him on high, because he hath known my name. 15 He shall call upon me, and I will answer him; I will be with him in trouble: I will deliver him, and honor him. 16 With long life will I satisfy him, And show him my salvation.  Psa 125:1 They that trust in Jehovah Are as mount Zion, which cannot be moved, but abideth forever. 2 As the mountains are round about Jerusalem, So Jehovah is round about his people From this time forth and for evermore. 3 For the sceptre of wickedness shall not rest upon the lot of the righteous; That the righteous put not forth their hands unto iniquity. 4 Do good, O Jehovah, unto those that are good, And to them that are upright in their hearts. 5 But as for such as turn aside unto their crooked ways (Like dead religion), Jehovah will lead them forth with the workers of iniquity. Peace be upon Israel.  The cow does not even believe in the protection and blessing of the secret place of the Most High, which we just read in Psalm 91. The cow eats grass, which Peter said was flesh in 1Pe 1:24 For, All flesh is as grass, And all the glory thereof as the flower of grass. The grass withereth, and the flower falleth.. And this represents a fleshly understanding of the Word. The cow only feeds milk, and we're told in Heb 5:13 For every one that partaketh of milk is without experience of the word of righteousness; for he is a babe. (We are back to the immature) 14 But solid food is for fullgrown men, even those who by reason of use have their senses exercised to discern good and evil. So they are still “babes” without experience of the Word of righteousness and it represents being without spiritual senses. Born-again people have born-again senses to know and understand good and evil. As spiritual men, we must have spiritual senses. Our carnal senses trap and rule over us and our land when we live according to what we see, hear and feel as the old man and the world does.   God showed me concerning the ministers' conference that they were the bulls of Basham who had been sowing their seed in the cow. Psalms 22:12,13 is a prophecy of the religious leadership (bulls) in Jesus' day who hindered Him. Psa 22:12 Many bulls have compassed me; Strong bulls of Bashan have beset me round. 13 They gape upon me with their mouth, As a ravening and a roaring lion.  And in verse 1,16,18 are those who opposed His leadership. Psa 22:1 My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? Why art thou so far from helping me, and from the words of my groaning? Psa 22:16 For dogs have compassed me: A company of evil-doers have enclosed me; They pierced my hands and my feet. 18 They part my garments among them, And upon my vesture do they cast lots.  The disciples were the new church leadership. The true disciples are going to be given a new leadership like those who followed Jesus out of Babylonish Judaism. Isa 1:26 and I will restore thy judges as at the first, and thy counsellors as at the beginning: afterward thou shalt be called The city of righteousness, a faithful town.  God gave the Old Covenant but at the time of Jesus they had corrupted it into a respect for men and traditions instead of the word. Christianity has repeated this history. Jesus came to make disciples (Greek: methetes -which means learners and followers) of the Word and lead them out. True disciples will hear no other voice but His as it says in Joh 10:3-5 To him the porter openeth; and the sheep hear his voice: and he calleth his own sheep by name, and leadeth them out. 4 When he hath put forth all his own, he goeth before them, and the sheep follow him: for they know his voice. 5 And a stranger will they not follow, but will flee from him: for they know not the voice of strangers.  You might say, “I would like to bring healing to this old corrupt religious cow”. Have you read Jeremiah 51:9? It says, We would have healed Babylon, but she is not healed: forsake her, and let us go every one into his own country; for her judgment reacheth unto heaven, and is lifted up even to the skies. Forsake her, brothers and sisters, and dwell in the promised land; meaning, live on His promises. And receive a kingdom that cannot be shaken as Paul writes in Heb 12:28-29 Wherefore, receiving a kingdom that cannot be shaken, let us have grace, whereby we may offer service well-pleasing to God with reverence and awe: 29 for our God is a consuming fire.  We are commanded to “Come out from among them and be ye separate.” 2Co 6:14-18 Be not unequally yoked with unbelievers: for what fellowship have righteousness and iniquity? or what communion hath light with darkness? 15 And what concord hath Christ with Belial? or what portion hath a believer with an unbeliever? 16 And what agreement hath a temple of God with idols? for we are a temple of the living God; even as God said, I will dwell in them, and walk in them; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people. 17 Wherefore Come ye out from among them, and be ye separate, saith the Lord, And touch no unclean thing; And I will receive you, 18 And will be to you a Father, And ye shall be to me sons and daughters, saith the Lord Almighty.  Rev 18:4-5 And I heard another voice from heaven, saying, Come forth, my people, out of her, that ye have no fellowship with her sins, and that ye receive not of her plagues: 5 for her sins have reached even unto heaven, and God hath remembered her iniquities. Isa 52:11 Depart ye, depart ye, go ye out from thence, touch no unclean thing; go ye out of the midst of her; cleanse yourselves, ye that bear the vessels of Jehovah.  Jer 51:6 Flee out of the midst of Babylon, and save every man his life; be not cut off in her iniquity: for it is the time of Jehovah's vengeance; he will render unto her a recompense. 45 My people, go ye out of the midst of her, and save yourselves every man from the fierce anger of Jehovah.  Jer 50:6-8 My people have been lost sheep: their shepherds have caused them to go astray; they have turned them away on the mountains; they have gone from mountain to hill; they have forgotten their resting-place. 7 All that found them have devoured them; and their adversaries said, We are not guilty, because they have sinned against Jehovah, the habitation of righteousness, even Jehovah, the hope of their fathers. 8 Flee out of the midst of Babylon, and go forth out of the land of the Chaldeans, and be as the he-goats before the flocks.    Leaven, Truth and the Bride  In the Church of my youth, I always felt the Spirit and joy in worship and fellowship, which was good and God did not condemn us for that. All denominations have a piece of the Lord; they just reject one another's piece. That is what makes them a denomination or sect or division; all of which Galatians calls, a work of the flesh. But the doctrine of my Church was leavened, just as in all Churches that don't teach and act on the pure Word. As it was then with me, you will need to outgrow all that to be birthed to the next level. This is the way to the Bride. She sits on the highest level of heavenly Jerusalem and includes the man-child in her body. Those who don't outgrow sects to be “one” with the holy elect, as the Shulamite (Hebrew: meaning, perfect) Bride was called in Song of Solomon, will never be in the Bride and instead will be relegated to the queens, concubines and virgins.  Son 6:8 There are threescore queens, and fourscore concubines, And virgins without number. 9 My dove, my undefiled, is [but] one; She is the only one of her mother; She is the choice one of her that bare her. The daughters saw her, and called her blessed; [Yea], the queens and the concubines, and they praised her.  The Bride will be taken into the house of the King on spiritual Mt. Zion. The queens, concubines and virgins will cry to look again at that which was pleasing to the Lord, which before they had not fully desired to be. 13 Return, return, O Shulammite; Return, return, that we may look upon thee. Why will ye look upon the Shulammite, As upon the dance of Mahanaim?  The thing that causes us to outgrow the immature churches is a respect for the Word above all else, including the idolatry that Christians have with these false institutions. The Word has to be respected above even dreams and visions which the religious spirits are well able to perform with God's permission so that we may be tried.  Our protection from this deception is always a love for truth and hatred for the leaven of lies. 2Th 2:9 [even he], whose coming is according to the working of Satan with all power and signs and lying wonders, 10 and with all deceit of unrighteousness for them that perish; because they received not the love of the truth, that they might be saved. 11 And for this cause God sendeth them a working of error, that they should believe a lie: 12 that they all might be judged who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness.  The constant feeding on lies and false spirits must be departed from before the seven years or one will miss the Bride who is chosen before the seven day/year marriage feast. Exo 12:15 Seven days shall ye eat unleavened bread; even the first day ye shall put away leaven out of your houses: for whosoever eateth leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that soul shall be cut off from Israel.  When there is idolatry with the institutions of men, which holds fellowship and submission to them higher than fellowship and submission to the Word and the more righteous, we open ourselves up to deception that comes from the Lord Himself. The denominations of Israel were deceived in this way and the Church has followed the pattern.  Eze 14:1 Then came certain of the elders of Israel unto me, and sat before me. 2 And the word of Jehovah came unto me, saying, 3 Son of man, these men have taken their idols into their heart, and put the stumblingblock of their iniquity before their face: should I be inquired of at all by them? 4 Therefore speak unto them, and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord Jehovah: Every man of the house of Israel that taketh his idols into his heart, and putteth the stumblingblock of his iniquity before his face, and cometh to the prophet; I Jehovah will answer him therein according to the multitude of his idols; 5 that I may take the house of Israel in their own heart, because they are all estranged from me through their idols.  6 Therefore say unto the house of Israel, Thus saith the Lord Jehovah: Return ye, and turn yourselves from your idols; and turn away your faces from all your abominations. 7 For every one of the house of Israel, or of the strangers that sojourn in Israel, that separateth himself from me, and taketh his idols into his heart, and putteth the stumblingblock of his iniquity before his face, and cometh to the prophet to inquire for himself of me; I Jehovah will answer him by myself: 8 and I will set my face against that man, and will make him an astonishment, for a sign and a proverb, and I will cut him off from the midst of my people; and ye shall know that I am Jehovah. 9 And if the prophet be deceived and speak a word, I, Jehovah, have deceived that prophet, and I will stretch out my hand upon him, and will destroy him from the midst of my people Israel.  With the scriptures above I only scratch the surface of the problem but I have great hopes for you to outgrow religion and “follow the Lamb whithersoever He goeth”. (Rev 14:4)  God bless you dear friend. I will leave you to your decision and pray for you. I hope you will be in the Bride.  

In this episode, Alexander Wong, MD, FRCPC, discusses how to optimize treatment and engagement in care for individuals with HIV and substance use disorder, including: Barriers to care for persons with substance use disorder Colocating HIV and other services (eg, addiction care medicine, social services) Leveraging a multidisciplinary approach to care Integrating a low-barrier model to foster an environment of open discussion Best practices for opioid agonist therapy implementationConsiderations for cultural dynamics to provide personalized treatment plansImportance of supporting his team members PresenterAlexander Wong, MD, FRCPCAssociate ProfessorDivision of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanRegina, Saskatchewan, Canada Link to full program:https://bit.ly/3xicSeFGet access to all of our new podcasts by subscribing to the CCO Infectious Disease Podcast on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, or Spotify.

In this episode featuring faculty from the United States and Europe, Aadia I. Rana, MD, and Laurence Slama, MD, PhD, discuss the subtleties of deciding among HIV treatment options in people with adherence challenges.Listen as they debate the potential risks and benefits of long-acting ART in this population, considerations for people with viremia or resistance, recommendations concerning proviral DNA genotyping, and how to interpret guidelines and provide truly patient-centered care. PresentersAadia I. Rana, MD​Professor of Medicine​Division of Infectious Diseases​University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine​Birmingham, AlabamaLaurence Slama, MD, PhD​Doctor​Department of Infectious Diseases​Hôtel Dieu University Hospital​University Paris Cité​Paris, FranceSee the full program here.https://bit.ly/450Ql2xGet access to all of our new podcasts by subscribing to the CCO Infectious Disease Podcast channel on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, or Spotify.

Content Warning: On How I Made It In Marketing, we delve beneath the buzzwords of our industry to uncover the biggest lessons from successful careers. Our guests share detailed, hard-fought, in-the-trenches stories of how they learned these lessons and put them into practice.Today's guest has spent a significant part of her career selling condoms. As a result, our in-depth conversation may involve frank discussions about sexual topics. If you are uncomfortable with this subject matter, you should not listen to this episode. You can explore our 107 other episodes [https://www.marketingsherpa.com/podcast].Marketing can be perceived as a devious force, tricking people into buying things they don't need and using services that exploit them. Ouch. I don't want my life's work to be that.In a society of choice, marketing can also connect people with things that bring them utility and joy. That's a better place to be.Even better, I believe the highest and best use of marketing is to nudge people towards choices that benefit them in the long term, even if they're less appealing in the short term, like healthy eating and exercise.Our next guest markets a product that helps reduce health risks, even though it's often more fun not to use it. Adding to the challenge, it's a taboo topic. The product is condoms.To hear lessons and stories from her experience marketing this product, I talked to Milla Impola, Director of Marketing & Communications, Global Protection Corporation [https://globalprotection.com/].Global Protection Corporation is owned by Karex Berhad. Karex is a publicly traded company on Bursa Malaysia. It reported 532 million Malaysian Ringgit in revenue in 2023, equal to approximately $117 million Impola manages a marketing team of 10 along with 50 contractors.Here are some lessons from Impola that emerged in our discussion:Force yourself to practice public speakingThe best way to learn your customers is to talk to themDon't just think outside the box. Throw that box away and reimagine it as a glitter-covered bean bag.Mentorship is so rewarding and impactfulFind a job you loveFind research-focused reportersDiscussed in this episodeOur team has made 41 updates to MeclabsAI [https://meclabsai.com/] since the official launch of the full-featured version, including:Shareable conversationsVoice to textImage generationThe ability to create and link prompts directly from the dashboard (when you build your custom experts and apps)MeclabsAI is the parent organization of MarketingSherpa.Marketing Pragmatism: Embrace ‘hand-grenade math' over false precision (podcast episode #101) [https://www.marketingsherpa.com/article/interview/marketing-pragmatism]Top HARO (Help A Reporter Out) Alternatives: How to find primary sources for business journalism and content marketing [https://sherpablog.marketingsherpa.com/content-marketing-2/haro-alternatives/]Get more episodesSubscribe to the MarketingSherpa email newsletter [https://www.marketingsherpa.com/newsletters] to get more insights from your fellow marketersApply to be a guestIf you would like to apply to be a guest on How I Made It In Marketing, here is the podcast guest application – https://www.marketingsherpa.com/page/podcast-guest-application

In this episode, Yvonne Gilleece, MB BCh, BAO, FRCP, uses a case study to illustrate why giving people space and time to engage in HIV care on their terms is key to overcoming potential shame and stigma.She discusses how people can be very vulnerable when engaging in HIV care, and trauma-informed care can help address these vulnerabilities in a safe, respectful way. Listen as she gives her perspectives on:Trauma-informed careOvercoming stigma and shameStaying in care Presenter:Yvonne Gilleece, MB BCh, BAO, FRCPHonorary Clinical Professor and Consultant in HIV Medicine & Sexual HealthBrighton & Sussex Medical School and University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation TrustChair of the British HIV AssociationLead for HIV & WomenLead for HIV & HepatitisBrighton, United KingdomContent based on an online CME program supported by an educational grant from Gilead Sciences, Inc.Link to full program:https://bit.ly/3xicSeFGet access to all of our new podcasts by subscribing to the CCO Infectious Disease Podcast on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, or Spotify.

In this episode, Gregory Huhn, MD, MPHTM, presents a case study of a person with a long HIV treatment history, exploring when and how to consider agents with novel mechanisms of action.Listen as he discusses:The importance of engaging with patients to understand their perspectives and improve their satisfaction with their HIV careOptions in people with multiclass resistanceStudies of agents with novel mechanisms of action:BRIGHTE (fostemsavir)TMB-301/-311 (ibalizumab)CAPELLA (lenacapavir) Faculty​​Gregory Huhn, MD, MPHTM,Interim Chief, Division of Infectious DiseasesSenior Director of HIV ServicesCook County HIV Integrated ProgramsInterim Medical Director, The RMR CORE CenterProfessor, Division of Infectious DiseasesRush University Medical CenterChicago, IllinoisFollow along with the slides.https://bit.ly/4fHmxg5Get access to all of our new podcast episodes. Subscribe to the CCO Infectious Disease podcast on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, or Spotify.    

In this episode, Gregory Huhn, MD, presents a case study exploring how to optimize oral ART for a person with a long history of different ART regimens.Listen as he discusses:Reasons to consider regimen optimization in the setting of viral suppressionEvidence for INSTIs in the setting of resistanceData on when 2-drug regimens and long-acting regimens may or may not be good optionsFaculty​Gregory Huhn, MDInterim Chief, Division of Infectious DiseasesSenior Director of HIV ServicesCook County HIV Integrated ProgramsInterim Medical Director, The RMR CORE CenterProfessor, Division of Infectious DiseasesRush University Medical CenterChicago, ILFollow along with the slides. https://bit.ly/4fHmxg5Get access to all of our new podcast episodes, subscribe to the CCO Infectious Disease podcast on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, or Spotify.

In this episode, Linda-Gail Bekker, MBChB, DTM&H, DCH, FCP(SA), PhD, uses a case study to illustrate why patients living with HIV may disengage with their care and how best to reengage them once they present at the clinic, including discussion of:The valid reasons patients have for disengaging with their HIV careWhy the return to care should be celebratedHow to support people living with HIV as they reengage in careHow to prevent future loss to follow-upPresenter:Linda-Gail Bekker, MBChB, DTM&H, DCH, FCP(SA), PhDCEO, Desmond Tutu Health FoundationDirector, Desmond Tutu HIV CentreProfessor of MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape Town, South AfricaContent based on an online CME program supported by an educational grant from Gilead Sciences, Inc.Link to full program:https://bit.ly/3xicSeFGet access to all of our new podcasts by subscribing to the CCO Infectious Disease Podcast on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts or Spotify.

In this episode, Tristan J. Barber, MA, MD, FRCP, and Roger Bedimo, MD, MS, FACP, help you decide whether and how to modify ART in virologically suppressed individuals by critically appraising whether using newer agents may improve their treatment satisfaction.Listen to their conversation about their own approaches to evaluating whether each person living with HIV is taking the best ART regimen for them, as well as ways to proactively assess challenges people may be facing with their HIV ART. PresentersTristan J. Barber, MA, MD, FRCP​Consultant in HIV Medicine​Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust​Honorary Associate Professor​Institute for Global Health​University College London​London, United KingdomRoger Bedimo, MD, MS, FACP​Professor of Medicine​Interim Director, Office of Global Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center​Chief, Infectious Diseases Section, ​VA North Texas Health Care System​Dallas, TexasFollow along with the slides here. https://bit.ly/44N2w2QSee the full program here.https://bit.ly/450Ql2xGet access to all of our new podcasts by subscribing to the CCO Infectious Disease Podcast on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, or Spotify.

Dr. Jamie Morano, Professor of Medicine at the Division of Infectious Diseases, USF Morsani College of Medicine, reviews the epidemiology of Tuberculosis and its relationship to Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection. Topics discussed include TB trends in the US, factors contributing to an increase in TB morbidity, tuberculosis transmission, TB screening, and progression to active disease. Next, Dr. Morano outlines the relationship between tuberculosis and HIV infection. She also presents pearls on the use of antiretrovirals in active TB treatment and how to utilize TB meds in patients who are on antiretrovirals.

In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠from the Immunology section. Follow ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Medbullets⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ on social media: Facebook: www.facebook.com/medbullets Instagram: www.instagram.com/medbulletsofficial Twitter: www.twitter.com/medbullets --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/medbulletsstep1/message

On This episode of MinorityPlus1 Podcast , We have a brief Special guest Veronica P. Where she shares her Speed dating experience & has some laughs with the crew. Grab your microphone—or hairbrush—and sing along as we recount karaoke chaos and the everyday adventures of gas stations and nail appointments. The "Guess What Friend It Is" segment will get you guessing and possibly strolling down memory lane with us. And for those who've endured the agony of customer service calamities, we're right there with you, swapping tales that'll make you cringe and chuckle in equal measure.Then, we pivot to the profound, threading humor with heartfelt discourse. We pay homage to the indelible mark left by late HIV/AIDS activist Hydeia Broadbent and grapple with the grim realities of child abuse and accountability. As if that weren't enough, we dissect the scandal ensnaring family influencer Ruby Frank of 'Eight Passengers' and the ethics of online family life. So, join us on this rollercoaster ride of emotions, debate, and a dash of the downright bizarre—you won't just listen; you'll be part of the conversation.

In this episode, David Saunders discusses the value of nonstigmatizing discussions between people using HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and healthcare professionals, including: Encouraging accountability to individualize adherence strategies and improve persistence to PrEPReducing stigma, discrimination, and prejudice in healthcare settings to foster PrEP persistence Faculty: David SaundersPrEP User and AdvocateLink to full program:https://bit.ly/3ZlICsLTo automatically get new episodes as soon as they launch, subscribe to the CCO Infectious Disease podcast.

In this podcast episode, Mark Brennan-Ing, PhD, and Nina I. Martinez discuss mental health challenges in people living with HIV and much-needed strategies to overcome these challenges to optimize engagement in HIV care, including:The increased rates of mental health disorders and substance use among people living with HIVHow mental health disorders contribute to challenges with adherence to HIV treatment and engagement in careHow social isolation and stigma can affect outcomes despite access to HIV care and ARTThe importance of mental health screenings as part of HIV careIntegrating mental health services into HIV care as a strategy to overcome mental health challenges being a barrier to carePresenter:Mark Brennan-Ing, PhDDirector of Research and EvaluationBrookdale Center for Healthy AgingHunter CollegeThe City University of New YorkNew York, New YorkNina I. MartinezPublic Health ConsultantLink to full program: https://bit.ly/3TqVnl1

In this podcast episode, Babafemi Taiwo, MBBS, and Vincent Crisostomo discuss the evolving treatment landscape for aging people living with HIV, encompassing the clinical and external resources necessary to support physical and psychosocial health. The topics discussed include:• Mindful prescribing and understanding the impact an HIV diagnosis can have on one's mental health, including social isolation• How to address patients' needs and establish a trusting relationship within the confines of a 15-minute clinic visit• How research is helping healthcare professionals better understand this clinical situation and discover opportunities to equalize metrics• The critical role of social workers and community organizations in patients' overall care• Accessing federal HIV disability resources• Informed patient–provider discussion and counseling on medical decision-making regarding ART• How healthcare professionals can move toward clinical practice that leaves no one behindPresenter:Babafemi Taiwo, MBBSGene Stollerman Professor of MedicineChiefDivision of Infectious DiseasesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IllinoisVincent CrisostomoDirectorAging ServicesSan Francisco AIDS FoundationSan Francisco, CaliforniaLink to full program:https://bit.ly/3TqVnl1 

In this episode, Martin Rios discusses how pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) persistence depends on healthcare professional knowledge, including:Their own experiences with the various PrEP providers they have seenThe relief that has come with seeing PrEP providers who are supportive and knowledgeable about the different PrEP optionsThe challenges that have come with seeing PrEP providers who are unwilling to prescribe PrEP altogether or who will prescribe PrEP when asked but are not knowledgeable about the optionsFaculty: Martin RiosPrEP User and AdvocatePhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaLink to full program:https://bit.ly/3ZlICsL

Welcome to Cancer in our Community, where we're having conversations about Black health equity. Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV is a virus that attacks the body's immune system and, if left untreated, can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). While there is no cure, treatments mean that people with HIV can live long and fulfilling lives. But if this is a podcast about cancer, why are we talking about HIV?  Join our guests: Dr. Jessica Islam; an epidemiologist at Moffitt Cancer Center, and Precshard Williams; an advocate and educator at CAN Community Health. Learn more about the important links between HIV and cancer, meeting the community where they are, and the value of screening.   Find out more about our guests and their work: Dr. Jessica IslamJessica's twitter/X handle @JessicaYIslam Learn more about our host Dr. Brandon Blue. This podcast is produced by: The Office of Community Outreach, Engagement, and Equity at Moffitt Cancer Center. Artha Science Media. Follow COEE: https://www.linkedin.com/in/coee-at-mcc Track: Sunlight Cascading Through the Clouds — Artificial.Music [Audio Library Release] Music provided by Audio Library Plus Watch: https://youtu.be/mtONh3v8-mw Free Download / Stream: https://alplus.io/sunlight-cascading  

HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a serious and complex virus that affects millions of people worldwide. It's important to have accurate and up-to-date information about HIV, its transmission, prevention, and treatment. Here's some comprehensive content about HIV.In one of this week's episodes on Weekly Dose with Dr. Ude, we have a special guest who give information about this week's topic.Dr. Tanyaporn Wansom  is an infectious diseases physician researcher (MD, PhD) and founder of Catalyzing Clarity, an independent global health consultancy and coaching practice. Her medical work aims to increase access to life-saving diagnostics, treatment, and research for diseases including HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and sexually transmitted infections in marginalized communities. She currently coaches around career transitions , nontraditional careers, and managing the mindset behind a big change. Finally, she also hosts her own Youtube Channel, where she discusses how to apply coaching tools to make it easier to navigate everyday life. Dr. Tanya graduated from University of Michigan Medical School, completed internal medicine and infectious diseases training at Johns Hopkins, and received her PhD in clinical research at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. She is based in Bangkok, Thailand, where she lives with her husband and two sons.  Let's hear this helpful episode this week!Here are the social media link of Dr. Tanya WansomLinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/tanyaporn-wansom-md-phd-mpp-6736561Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@catalyzingclarityLooking a quality primary-care physician?

This week we talk about HIV, AIDS, and ART.We also discuss HAART, the Berlin Patient, and potential future cures.Recommended Book: Allergic by Theresa MacPhailShow Notes* https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet* https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-treatment-basics* https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/glossary/antiretroviral-therapy-art* https://www.paho.org/en/topics/antiretroviral-therapy* https://journals.lww.com/jaids/fulltext/2010/01010/declines_in_mortality_rates_and_changes_in_causes.13.aspx* https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13181-013-0325-8* https://academic.oup.com/jac/article/73/11/3148/5055837?login=false* https://journals.lww.com/jaids/fulltext/2016/09010/narrowing_the_gap_in_life_expectancy_between.6.aspx* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenofovir_disoproxil* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_HIV/AIDS* https://www.verywellhealth.com/cart-hiv-combination-antiretroviral-therapy-48921* https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/art/index.html* https://www.freethink.com/health/cured-of-hiv* https://www.jstor.org/stable/3397566?origin=crossref* https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/11/science/new-homosexual-disorder-worries-health-officials.html* https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23444290/* https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4251-hiv-aids* https://web.archive.org/web/20080527201701/http://data.unaids.org/pub/EPISlides/2007/2007_epiupdate_en.pdf* https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhiv/article/PIIS2352-3018(23)00028-0/fulltextTranscriptIn mid-May of 1981, the queer community-focused newspaper, the New York Native, published what would become the first-ever article on a strange disease that seemed to be afflicting community members in the city.What eventually became known as AIDS, but which was at the time discussed by medical professionals primarily in terms of its associated diseases, was clinically reported upon for the first time less than a month later, five official cases having been documented in an interconnected group of gay men and users of injectable drugs, who came to the attention of doctors for not being inherently immunocompromised, but still somehow contracting a rare type of pneumonia that only really impacted folks with severely impaired immune systems.In subsequent years, doctors started using a range of different terms for HIV and AIDS, calling them at different times and in different contexts the lymphotophic retrovirus, Kaposi's sarcoma and opportunistic infections, and the 4H disease, referring to heroine users, hemophiliacs, homosexuals, and Haitians, the four groups that seemed to make up almost all of the confirmed afflicted patients.The acronym GRID, for gay-related immune deficiency was also used for a time, but that one was fairly rapidly phased out when it became clear that this condition wasn't limited to the gay community—though those earlier assumptions and the terminology associated with them did manage to lock that bias into mainstream conversation and understanding of AIDS and HIV for a long time, and in some cases and in some locations, to this day.By the mid-80s, two research groups had identified different viruses that seemed to be associated with or responsible for cases of this mysterious condition, and it was eventually determined (in 1986) that they were actually the same virus, and that virus was designated HIV.HIV, short for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a retrovirus that, if left untreated, leads to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, or AIDS, in about 50% of patients within ten years of infection.So HIV is the virus, AIDS is a condition someone with HIV can develop after their immune system is severely damaged by the infection, and there are a bunch of diagnostic differentiations that determine when someone has transitioned from one category to the other, but in general folks with HIV will experience moderate flu- or mono-like symptoms, alongside swollen lymph nodes and rashes and throat problems and sores across their bodies in the early stages of infection, and as things progress, they develop opportunistic infections of the kind that can only really latch onto a human when their immune system is weakened or shut down. While AIDS, arriving after the immune system is well and truly damaged, brings with it a slew of opportunistic infections and associated issues, the afflicted person potentially developing all sorts of cancers, sarcomas, persistent infections, and extreme versions of the flu-like, mono-like symptoms they may have suffered earlier on.We don't know for certain how and where HIV originated—and that's true of both kinds, as there's an HIV-1 and HIV-2 virus, the former of which accounts for most infections, the latter of which is less common, and less overall infectious—but both HIV types seem to have been transmitted to humans from non-human primates somewhere in West-central Africa in the early 20th century, possibly from chimpanzees in southern Cameroon, but that's pretty speculative, and there's some evidence that these diseases may have made the leap several times; so while there's a pretty good chance, based on what we know now, that the disease made it into humans and mutated approximately somewhere in that vicinity, sometime in the early 20th century, possibly via chimps hunted and eaten by locals as bushmeat, we really don't know for certain.There are reports of what were probably HIV as far back as 1959 in the Belgian Congo, but that's a bit speculative, too, and based on imperfect notes from the time.Back then, though, and through the 1980s, folks who contracted HIV and who were not treated would typically die within 11 years of being infected, and more than half of those diagnosed with AIDS in the US from 1981 through 1992 died within 2 years of their diagnosis; such a diagnosis was a death sentence, basically; it was a really horrible and scary time.Today, the outlook for folks who contract HIV is substantially better: the life expectancy of someone who contracts the virus and who is able to get treatment is about the same as someone who is not infected; the disease isn't cured, but the level of HIV virus in the blood of a person receiving treatment is so small that it's no longer transmissible, or even detectable.What I'd like to talk about today is a new therapy that's making those sorts of outcomes possible, how some few people have now been cured of HIV entirely, and what's on the horizon in this space.—Antiretroviral therapy, or ART, typically consists of a combination of drugs based on those that were originally combined in this way in 1996 by researchers who announced their findings at the International AIDS Conference in Vancouver—they called their approach highly active antiretroviral therapy, or HAART, and this combo was based on findings from earlier drugs that addressed one of HIV's seven stages of development—but because they all hit that same, single stage, the virus was rapidly developing an immunity to them, and they were universally pretty toxic, with horrible side-effects.What's more, this drug cocktail increased patients' life expectancy by about 24 months, on average—which is a lot, about two years, but considering all those side effects, which included severe liver problems and anemia, the extra months of life generally weren't very pleasant extra months.In 1995, a class of drugs called protease inhibitors were introduced, which prevented HIV from making copies of itself using the body's structural proteins.That, combined with the effects of other, existing retrovirals, which hindered the virus's ability to hijack the body's cells to make more of itself, turned out to be a substantial improvement over just one or the other approach.The announcement in 1996 was notable because the researchers involved were able to knock the viral load in their patients down to an undetectable level, and then keep it there, by using three drugs from each of those two antiviral classes, those two different approaches.So HAART was a major improvement over what came before, but it was still imperfect; deaths tied to HIV plummeted by 50% in the US and Europe in just three years, but the life expectancy of folks using this therapy was still low compared to other people; someone who contracted HIV in their 20s and went on this therapy was still only expected to live till their early 50s; way better than a two-year increase, but still plenty of room for improvement.In addition to that lifespan duration limitation, the HAART bundle of therapies was just really difficult to maintain.Some people experienced a dramatic redistribution of body fat, some developed heart arrhythmias or insulin resistance or peripheral neuropathy or lactic acidosis—which is basically a toxic buildup of the acid that results from metabolism, which is usually cleared naturally, but when it doesn't, it's potentially deadly.Anything less than absolutely perfect adherence to the treatment schedule was also potentially deleterious to the desired outcomes; it wasn't a forgiving regimen, with some of the drugs requiring three capsules be taken every 8 hours, and there was a chance that if a portion of a dose of one drug was missed, or not administered on time, the virus could develop an immunity to it and the whole thing would fall apart.Consequently, the HAART regimen was generally reserved until things got really bad, and that meant it didn't have a very large effect on the infected population, and those who did benefit from it suffered consequences, alongside those benefits.The change in terminology from HAART to ART arrived in 2001 when a drug called Viread, the brand name for tenofovir disoproxil, was released and added into the mix, replacing some of the most toxic and cumbersome of the previous therapies with a single pill per day, and one that came with far fewer, and far less extreme, side effects.In 2005 it was finally demonstrable, with a bunch of data, that beginning this type of therapy early rather than waiting until things get really bad was worth the trade-offs—researchers showed that if folks received access to ART upon diagnosis, severe HIV associated and non HIV associated illnesses  were reduced by 61%.As of 2016 there was still an average life expectancy gap between folks with HIV who received early care and people who were not infected of about 8 years, but that gap has been steadily closing with the introduction of new, easier to use, less side effect prone drugs—drugs that tend to attack the virus at different stages, and which take different approaches to hindering and blocking it—alongside innovations in how the drugs are delivered, like introducing substances that are converted by the body into the desired drug, which massively cuts the requisite dosage, in turn lessening the strain on the body's organs and the potential side effects associated with taking a higher dose of the drug, itself.We've also seen the advent of fixed-dose combination drugs, which are exactly what they sound like: a single pill containing the entire combination of drugs one must take each day, which makes a combination therapy much easier to administration and stick with, which in turn has substantially reduced the risk of severe side effects, and prevented mutations that might otherwise make a patient's virus more immune to some component of the drug cocktail.Some newer options just use two drugs, too, compared to the previous three-or-more, and most of these have been shown to be just as effective as the earlier, more bodily stressful combinations, and a recent, 2021 drug is injectable, rather than deliverable in pill-form, and can be administered just once a month—though a version of this drug, sold under the name Cabenuva, has been approved for administration every other month.So things in this corner of the medical world are looking pretty good, due new approaches and innovations to existing therapy models.These models remain imperfect, but they're getting better every year, and contracting HIV is no longer a death sentence, nor does it mean you'll always be infectious, or even detectably infected: the amount of HIV virus in one's blood can be kept undetectably low for essentially one's entire life, so long as one is able to get on the right therapy or combination of therapies and stick with it.That said, the global HIV pandemic is far from over, and access to these drugs–many of which are pricy, if you don't have insurance that will cover them—is not equally distributed.As of late-2022, the UN's official numbers indicate that about 39 million people, globally, have HIV, about 1.3 million were infected in 2022, and about 630,000 died from AIDS-related illnesses that year.That said, of those 39 million or so who are infected, nearly 30 million are receiving some kind of antiretroviral therapy, and about 86% of people who are estimated to be infected know their status, so they can seek such therapies, and/or take other precautious to protect themselves and others; though that also means about 5.5 million people, globally, have HIV and don't realize it.Here's a really remarkable figure, though: among people who are infected and know they are infected, about 93% of them were virally suppressed as of 2022.That's astonishing; 93% of people who have HIV and are aware of it are on some kind of therapy that has allowed them to suppress the virus so that it's nearly undetectable—the difference between the two, by the way, is that suppressed means 200 copies of the HIV virus per milliliter of blood, while undetectable is generally considered to be less than 50 copies per milliliter.So huge leaps in a relatively short period of time, and a massive improvement in both duration and quality of life for folks who might otherwise suffer mightily, and then die early, because of this virus and its associated symptoms.That said, there are some interesting, new approaches to dealing with HIV on the horizon, and some of them might prove to be even more impactful than this current batch of incredibly impactful ART options.As of September 2023, five people have been confirmed cured of HIV; not suppressed and not with viral loads at undetectable levels: cured.The first of these cured people, often referred to as the Berlin Patient, received a stem cell transplant from a bone marrow donation database that contained a genetic mutation called CCR5 Delta 32, which makes those who have it essentially immune to HIV infection.Three months after he received the transplant and stopped taking ART, doctors were unable to find any trace of the virus in his blood.He died from cancer in 2020, but there didn't seem to be any HIV in his blood from when he received the stem cell transplant, onward, and that happened in the early 2000s, and was formally announced to the medical community in 2008.At least two other people—two that we know about, anyway—have been cured of HIV using the same method; though at the moment at least, this option is severely limited as it requires that patients have a bone marrow match in donor databases, and that one of those donors have that specific, relatively rare mutation; so with existing science and techniques, at least, this is unlikely to be a widespread solution to this problem—though a 2017 experiment used stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood from a baby with that mutation to treat a woman' leukemia and cure her HIV, so there's a chance other approaches that make use of the same basic concept might be developed, opening this up to more people.Cancer drugs may also help some people with HIV: a drug that's been approved to treat several cancers called Venetoclax seems to also bind to a protein that helps HIV-infected T cells dodge the body's immune system and survive, and that realization has led to a series of experiments that showed HIV was suppressed in mice receiving this drug—though it bounced back a week later, and two weeks later in mice receiving both this drug and ART.This is unlikely to be a solution unto itself, then, but there's a chance either an adjusted version of this drug, or this drug in combination with other therapies, might be effective; and there's a clinical trial testing the efficacy of Venetoclax in human HIV patients at the end of this year, and another in 2024, so we may soon know if its safe and desirable to use this drug alongside ART, and that may, in turn, lead to a better understanding of how to amplify the drug's effects, or apply this method of hindering HIV from a different angle.CRISPR, the gene-editing technology borrowed from bacteria that allows for the cutting and removing and adding of genetic information, has enabled the development of several new potential HIV cures, one of which, called EBT-101, basically enters the body, finds helper T cells, and then cuts out chunks of the HIV virus's DNA, which prevents it from being able to replicate itself or hide away, reemerging later after another treatment has suppressed it.The benefit of this approach is that it could kill the viral reservoirs that otherwise allow HIV to persist in people who have undergone treatments, and a version of it that targets SIV, which is similar to HIV, but found in non-human primates—performed exactly as they hoped it would, finding and editing the targeted DNA, raising hopes than an HIV-targeting variation may manage similar wonders in human patients.This would be great if it ends up working, as one injection would theoretically clear all HIV from a person's system in relatively short-order, but the trials done so far have been small and on monkeys, and because of the nature of the research, it's not clear the monkeys were cured of HIV—just that the treatment got where it was supposed to go and made some DNA edits.A human trial of EBT-101 will finish up in March of 2025, though the researchers plan to follow up with their subjects for up to 15 years following the trial, to assess any long-term effects from their treatment, since CRISPR and this approach to messing with genes is still such a new thing.So while this may be a solution at some point, there's a good chance it won't be a real-deal, available option for another decade, minimum.So we've come a long way in a very short period of time with HIV and AIDS treatments, and the future is looking pretty good, with even more options and approaches on the horizon, including some actual cures, alongside high-quality, actually useable treatments.But there's still room to grow in terms of infection awareness, there are still distribution issues for some of these drugs, and there's still a fair bit of prejudice, the consequence of ignorance and historical misunderstandings and biases, keeping folks and institutions from doing as much as they otherwise could in many parts of the world; so a lot to be proud of, a lot to look forward to, but still plenty of room for improvement across the board. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit letsknowthings.substack.com/subscribe

In this episode, Brooke Bates, PharmD, BCPS, AAHIVP, and Neha Sheth Pandit, PharmD, AAHIVP, BCPS, discuss the most clinically relevant studies on HIV adverse events presented at IAS 2023, including: REPRIEVE study of pitavastatin for cardiovascular prevention in people living with HIV at low to moderate cardiovascular riskData on weight change with switch from integrase inhibitor–based ART to doravirine/islatravir in the P017 and P018 studiesDEFINE study evaluating weight change after a switch to DRV/COBI/FTC/TAF in people living with HIV who experienced weight gain with integrase inhibitor–based ARTFaculty: Brooke Bates, PharmD, BCPS, AAHIVPSpecialty Pharmacy Clinical Manager Pediatric HIV Clinical PharmacistIndiana University HealthIndianapolis, IndianaNeha Sheth Pandit, PharmD, AAHIVP, BCPSProfessorVice Chair for Research and ScholarshipDepartment of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Maryland Clinical PharmacistTHRIVE ProgramBaltimore, MarylandLink to full program: https://bit.ly/3ZjSFhg

In this episode, Tony Brown, MPH, discusses the importance of effective patient‒provider communication in supporting PrEP persistence including: His own experience with PrEP and reasons for fluctuations in adherence over the years The importance of open, honest, and judgement-free conversations about sexual health Engaging patients in conversations about PrEP effectiveness, adverse effects, and changing life circumstances Working together to find the most effective PrEP option for each individual patient that will help them to persist on PrEP long term Faculty: Tony Brown, MPH PrEP User and Advocate Doctoral Candidate Health Services Policy and Management University of South Carolina Columbia, South Carolina Link to full program: https://bit.ly/3ZlICsL

Commentary by Dr. Valentin Fuster

KILAS KABAR NUSANTARA. Sejumlah peristiwa penting yang telah kami rangkum pada hari Selasa, 14 Maret 2023. SOLO (00:18) Sebuah rumah pembuatan kasur di Klaten hangus terbakar di lahap api karena banyak bahan yang mudah terbakar api dengan mudah menyebar dan malahap dengan cepat, tidak ada korban dari peristiwa ini namun kerugian yang yang di peroleh mencapai ratusan juta rupiah. SURABAYA (00:51) Berdasarkan data Dinkes Kota Surabaya, temuan kasus Human Immunodeficiency Virus atau HIV yang tercatat sampai dengan tahun 2022 ada 136 orang anak yang terdiri dari warga ber-KTP Surabaya 55 kasus dan KTP non Surabaya sebanyak 81 kasus dengan rentang usia anak sekitar 1-14 tahun. MAKASSAR (01:37) Pemprov Sulsel dalam hal ini Dinas Perdagangan dan Dinas Ketahanan Pangan bersama Bulog Sulselbar serta Komisi B DRPD Sulsel melakukan peninjauan harga pahan pokok di Pasar Terong Makassar. Kontributor: Ria FM Solo - Wahyu Prayitno Sonora Surabaya - Budi Smart Makassar - News Anchor - Deddy Detars ll Reporter: Muh Said Saran dan kolaborasi: podcast@kgmedia.id

Episode #48: Illness from Human Immunodeficiency Virus commonly called HIV and AIDS, has largely been overshadowed and forgotten despite the fact that over 1.1 million Americans are living with the disease. While it is now a chronic, manageable condition, there is still stigma, discrimination, and misunderstanding that can have a significant impact on the mental health of those living with it. In this episode, we discuss the mental health issues related to living and aging with HIV. Join our guest host psychotherapist Kaleo Kaluhiwa as he talks with Jim Schultz about testing positive for HIV in the early 1980s, before the disease was well understood, and about his experience learning to live with and manage HIV for over 30 years. We're also joined by mental health counselor Bryan Golson, LAPC who identifies the unique and complex needs of people living with HIV due to the intersection of discrimination, social dislocation, disability, trauma, substance use disorders, diseases of aging, and managing the side effects of multi-pharmaceutical treatments. Broadcasts 11/06/22 & 11/14/22 Special thanks  to Jeanne Baldzikowski for audio production, Jennifer Young for underwriting outreach, Lisa Herendeen for advance research and Leslie Nielsen for “In Your Voice” Coordination. And thanks to acoustic guitarist Adrian Legg for composing, performing, and donating the use of our theme music. LISTEN ANYTIME or subscribe to get new or past episodes delivered to your listening device: Apple Podcasts / Google Podcasts / Spotify / Stitcher  / TuneIn JOIN EMAIL LIST Want to know our interesting topic each month? Simply  SIGN UP for our email list! FOLLOW US Facebook  @stateofmindksqd Instagram @state_of_mind.radio SUGGEST A TOPIC If you or someone you know has topic ideas for future shows or a story of mental health recovery to share, please email debra.stateofmind@ksqd.org SHARE YOUR STORY In Your Voice are short segments on the show where a listener gets to share their experience of the topic we are discussing. You can call us at 831- 824-4324 and leave a 1-3 minute message about: a mental health experience you've had, something that has contributed to your mental health recovery journey, or share a resource that has helped you. Alternatively, you can make a 1-3 minute audio recording right on your phone and email that file to debra.stateofmind@ksqd.org. Your voice may just become part of one of our future shows! SUPPORT OR UNDERWRITE If you like what you're hearing here on KSQD, also affectionately called K– Squid, you can become a “Philanthropod on the Squid Squad” by becoming a supporting member  and help keep KSQD surfing the air waves! Consider underwriting your business or agency and showing our listeners your support for State of Mind. RESOURCES * Indicates Santa Cruz Local Support Services *Santa Cruz AIDS Project — provides services to people living with HIV/AIDS to support healthy living with their infection. Services offered include: Case ManagementCase Managers provide emotional support, service plan development, referrals to providers in the community, and oversee or provide the following support services. Benefits AdvocacyPeople living with HIV/AIDS may qualify for benefits offered at the county, state and federal level. These benefits may include: Social Security, Medi-Cal, MediCare, AIDS Drug assistance Program (ADAP), State Disability, Cal-Works, General Assistance and more. SCAP Case Managers will assist clients towards receiving, maintaining, or reinstating their benefits. Financial AssistanceHOPWA (Housing Opportunities for Persons living With AIDS) - is financial assistance specifically designated for people living with HIV/AIDS. Clients who are eligible may receive assistance with their rent, mortgage, and/or utilities. MAF (Medical Assistance Fund) is funded through the Ryan White Care Act/ Part B. Clients may request financial assistance to help them pay for uncovered medical costs, vitamins/supplements, and prescription reimbursement. * Santa Cruz Integrated Care Team — Offers case management, social service resources, HIV medical clinic. Phone: 831-454-4730 San Francisco AIDS Foundation — Working to promote health, wellness, and social justice for communities most impacted by HIV, through sexual health and substance use services, advocacy, and community partnerships. All services are free. Phone: 415-487-3000 Services include: Sexual health care, testing, anal health services, PrEP and other health and wellness services. Counseling for gay, bisexual, queer & trans men interested in changing their relationship to drugs & alcohol. Safer injection and substance use supplies that prevent the transmission of HIV and improve the health of people who use drugs. Provides structured community, counseling, referrals and support for including gay, bi and trans men and other men who have sex with men, and trans women interested in addressing their use of meth or cocaine. Black Brothers Esteem supports and empowers African American men living with HIV or those at risk of transmission through community events and social support. Links African Americans with HIV to care, groups, medical case management and more. A social support network for gay, bisexual, and trans men age 50 and older, inclusive of people who are HIV-negative and living with HIV. Group support and events for trans women, trans men, non-binary folks and genderqueer individuals AIDS Project Los Angeles — Providing LGBTQ+  medical and mental health care, HIV specialty care, sexual health services, support services-benefits, food, housing, HIVE (HIV=Elders) for queer men of all ethnicities 50+ living with HIV designed to improve the health and well being of this growing population. Phone: 213-201-1600 U.S.Department of Health and Human Services Website with: HIV SERVICES LOCATOR – helps users find service providers offering Ryan White HIV care, STI care, Health Centers, PREP, Mental Health, Substance Abuse Care, Housing Assistance, and Family Planning. Shanti Project — A nonprofit that builds human connections to reduce isolation, enhance health and well-being, and improve quality of life. Their holistic services aim to support the needs of individuals facing systemic inequities and barriers to care. Key services include care navigation, case management, client advocacy, emotional and practical support, health and wellness activities, one-on-one volunteer support, and community-building events and activities. Positive Impact Health Centers – Provides Client-centered care for the HIV community to have a life worth loving in the state of Georgia. Comprehensive services are available at the Duluth, Decatur and Marietta Centers for those individuals living with HIV.  Grant funding enables most services to be provided on a sliding fee basis. Providing Medical Services, Counseling Services, Testing & Preventions Services, Client Services, Subtance Abuse Services, Communit & Patient Resources & Pharmacy Services. Community Resources Patient Resources Information U.S.Department of Health and Human Services Web Site Providing information about Aging with HIV Resources for HIV/AIDS and Aging Awareness Day Sept 18, 2022 Addressing the Health Care and Social Support Needs of People Aging with HIV - The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) HIV/AIDS Bureau (HAB) convened a Technical Expert Panel in November 2020 to explore the health care and social support needs of RWHAP's aging population, with a focus on the barriers to and strategies for providing services. This is a summary of those discussions. Gilead Pharmaceuticals: “HIV Age Positively” aims to support programs focused on improving the quality of life and health for those who are aging” with HIV. HIV Age Positively A list of community programs sponsored by HIV Age Positively: Alternative Health *Dakota Health Center — Taking an integrative and preventative approach to health recovery and management. Services include: Chiropractic Health Acupuncture treatment Prevention & Wellness Consultations Herbalism Dietary Guidance Life Enrichment *Cabrillo College —  A community college in Aptos, California working to empower students to be effective communicators, critical thinkers, and responsible world citizens. With a commitment to quality and equity, learners are connected to pathways that propel them from where they are to where they aspire to be, including: academic, personal, and career growth The Last Laugh —A comedy show video with Ric Iverson and Santa Cruz Aid's Project volunteers that aired on PBS in 1990. Contact Guests *Jim Schultz is available to anyone with questions. Confidentiality respected. Email: jimschultz@calcentral.com

Commentary by Dr. Valentin Fuster

Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is still prevalent worldwide, life-saving antiretroviral drugs can now prevent an infection from progressing into acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Nevertheless, people who are HIV-positive are still at increased risk of developing neurological disorders and cardiovascular diseases, known as co-morbidities. Professor Michael Bukrinsky from the George Washington University in Washington DC works to understand the underlying biological mechanisms that lead to these disorders. His research has produced interesting results that demonstrate the role of altered lipid (cholesterol) homeostasis in HIV-infected cells and how this comes to pass.

This episode covers HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus).Written notes can be found at https://zerotofinals.com/obgyn/gum/hiv/ or in the genitourinary medicine section of the Zero to Finals obstetrics and gynaecology book.The audio in the episode was expertly edited by Harry Watchman.

This feasibility study aims to determine the requirements for a large descriptive cohort, to adequately describe the functional outcome of stroke patients with varying HIV status.

Drs Vallerie McLaughlin and Paul Forfia discuss the diagnosis of PAH. What are the causes and why does it take so long? Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape.com (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/968546). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertiser. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals. Resources Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/303098-overview The 'Great Wait' for Diagnosis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/resp.13814 Systemic Consequences of Pulmonary Hypertension and Right-Sided Heart Failure https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.022362 Management of Coronary Artery Disease and Chronic Stable Angina https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/881468 What Is Myocardial Ischemia? https://www.medscape.com/answers/352401-192899/what-is-myocardial-ischemia Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/297664-overview Group 4 Pulmonary Hypertension https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500057-overview Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Connective Tissue Disorders: Pathophysiology and Treatment https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6405825 Scleroderma https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/331864-overview Pulmonary Hypertension Phenotypes in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis https://err.ersjournals.com/content/30/161/210053.long Mixed Connective-Tissue Disease (MCTD) https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/335815-overview Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332244-overview Sjogren Syndrome https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332125-overview Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Patients Infected With the Human Immunodeficiency Virus https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0733865121000679?via%3Dihub Portal Hypertension https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/182098-overview Liver Abnormalities in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8544777/ Pulmonary Hypertension in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0733865121000692?via%3Dihub Atrial Septal Defect https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/162914-overview Anorexigens and Pulmonary Hypertension in the United States https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012-3692(15)32749-5 Methamphetamine and the Risk of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6880795/ Echocardiography in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Comprehensive Evaluation and Technical Considerations https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8348437/pdf/jcm-10-03229.pdf Echocardiography https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1820912-overview Echocardiography Can Identify Patients With Increased Pulmonary Vascular Resistance by Assessing Pressure Reflection in the Pulmonary Circulation https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/circimaging.109.913467 Pulmonary Resistance https://reference.medscape.com/calculator/189/pulmonary-resistance Right Heart Adaptation to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Physiology and Pathobiology https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109713058701?via%3Dihub RV Systolic Pressure (TR Jet) https://reference.medscape.com/calculator/200/rv-systolic-pressure-tr-jet Modified Bernoulli Formula https://reference.medscape.com/calculator/150/modified-bernoulli-equation Limitations and Strengths of Doppler/Echo Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure-Right Heart Catheterization Correlations: A Systematic Literature Review https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/echo.12594

Natural & Iatrogenic Factors in Human Immunodeficiency Virus => https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11405945/ PLEASE follow me to my New Podcast Location => https://collapsepodcast.substack.com/ => If You Wish to Support my Work, thanks in Advance!! CashApp $CPodcast --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/collapsepodcast/message

Welcome to the emDOCs.net podcast! Join us as we review our high-yield posts from our website emDOCs.net. Today on the emDOCs cast with Brit Long, MD (@long_brit), we cover human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To continue to make this a worthwhile podcast for you to listen to, we appreciate any feedback and comments you may have for us. Please let us know!Subscribe to the podcast on one of the many platforms below:Apple iTunesSpotifyGoogle Play

Céline Gounder is Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine at New York University School of Medicine and Attending Physician at Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, USA. She hosts the podcasts “American Diagnosis” and “Epidemic” and is CEO and Founder of Just Human Productions. She can be found on Twitter at @celinegounder.Michael Shurin is Director of the Division of Clinical Immunopathology and Associate Professor of Pathology and Immunology at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. 

Bryan shares with Hoadley his love for the Chicago Cubs, Harry Caray, WGN Radio and The 7th Inning Stretch. tHen he shares his disdain for Conor McGregor's slaughter of the Wrigley Tradition of singing Take Me Out! Finally, the gang reviews a government produced movie from the 1940's warning soldiers of STD's, loose women and the danger of unclean sex. It's an eye-opening film that shows the backwards attitudes toward women, sex and movie making! LINKS:Want a TCB limited edition collectible sticker? Each series sticker is limited and first come, first serve. Click HERE to find out how!Or send a text or voicemail to 661-Best-2-Yo (1.661.237.8296)Watch this episode on YoutubeTCBTV-minusSponsorStreamlight Lending By SunTrust Bank (Use Code TCB for additional interest savings)DBSAlliance For Mental Health HelpMagic Spoon (Use Code TCB)FUM (Use Code TCB) Smokeless Pipe for Smoking SesationMEMPHO Music Fest (Oct 1st-3rd 2021)Castbox is the TCB partner for the Mempho Fest showsSubscribe to The Commercial Break Podcast Youtube ChannelNew Episodes on Tuesdays and now Fridays everywhere!Text or leave us a message: 1-(661)-BEST-2-YO  |  (1-661-237-8296)

For more than a year now, COVID has been society's focus—and rightly so. But today we turn our attention to another virus—HIV. After 40 years, there is still no cure or a vaccine for the disease. In this episode, we hear from Dr. Anthony Fauci and CEO of innovative company American Gene Technologies, Jeff Galvin, about the past, present, and future of HIV treatments and medications. Is there a cure on the horizon?   Guests:Jeffrey Galvin, American Gene Technologies  Anthony Fauci, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

The Lobang Boys take a deep dive into the hot soup of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus a.k.a HIV, from the discovery of the virus to the controversies surrounding the science of virus isolation to media propaganda. For additional content and to support the channel: www.patreon.com/lordsoflobang Links: The Perth Group - Why HIV has never been discovered - YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xmBsuEb4PUY&ab_channel=DeletedProgramming

Raymond Schinazi has been fighting viruses his whole career, with some mighty wins against these molecular mischief makers. Can we learn from the past to treat this coronavirus?

Beyond vaccines, can history help us quash this coronavirus?

Earlier this month, a downtown Buffalo clinic began administering a treatment for Human Immunodeficiency Virus that replaces a daily diet of pills with a monthly pair of injections. Cabenuva's path to approval by the Food and Drug Administration earlier this year passed through Buffalo.

The National Agency for the Control of AIDS says it is working to ensure that all patients of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus are given a priority in the ongoing COVID-19 vaccination in the country.The Director-General of the NACA, Dr Gambo Aliyu noted that the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines were safe and would go a long way in boosting the immune system of HIV patients.He says the Astra-Zeneca vaccine is safe for everyone, including those with HIV-AIDs, and we are collaborating with the Federal Ministry of Health and the National Primary Health Care Development Agency, to ensure that victims of HIV are prioritised in the vaccination across the country.He explained that the beneficiaries are trained HIV/AIDS people in Jigawa state that were grilled on six income-generating trades to become self-reliant.

In 1959, the first case of immunodeficiency virus to infect a human was documented in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Scientists would go on to theorize that the man contracted what became known as HIV-1 from a West African chimpanzee infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), probably from coming into contact with the chimp's blood while hunting and killing it for meat. Over the next couple of decades, the virus spread through Africa and to other parts of the world, including the United States by the late 1970s. That's when Kaposi sarcoma and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, rare illnesses that do not normally occur in people with healthy immune systems, began occurring in men who have sex with men (MSM) and intravenous (IV) drug users. In 1982, public health officials adopted the term acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS, to describe these opportunistic infections. A year later, the virus that causes AIDS was discovered and named human T-cell lymphotropic virus-type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). This unwieldy tongue-twister was later changed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV is a retrovirus, which means that it converts its RNA into DNA for integration into a host genome. HIV interrupts the body's immune system. It is spread through blood and blood products, as well as through sexual contact, and can cause AIDS. After listening to this AudioBrick, you should be able to: Define HIV infection and AIDS, and discuss the epidemiology.1 Describe the replication and life cycle of a retrovirus, and describe how HIV infection leads to immune deficiency.2 Describe the presentation of a patient with HIV infection, with and without AIDS, and list common opportunistic infections seen in patients with AIDS.3 Describe the diagnosis of HIV and AIDS.4 Outline therapeutic and preventive approaches to HIV/AIDS. You can also check out the original brick from our Reproductive collection, which is available for free. Learn more about Rx Bricks by signing up for a free USMLE-Rx account: www.usmle-rx.com You will get 5 days of full access to our Rx360+ program, including nearly 800 Rx Bricks.  After the 5-day period, you will still be able to access over 150 free bricks, including the entire collections for General Microbiology and Cellular and Molecular Biology. *** If you enjoyed this episode, we'd love for you to leave a review on Apple Podcasts.  It helps with our visibility, and the more med students (or future med students) listen to the podcast, the more we can provide to the future physicians of the world. Follow USMLE-Rx at: Facebook: www.facebook.com/usmlerx Blog: www.firstaidteam.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/firstaidteam Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/firstaidteam/ YouTube: www.youtube.com/USMLERX Learn how you can access over 150 of our bricks for FREE: https://usmlerx.wpengine.com/free-bricks/

Folge 15 von Mildly Interesting beschäftigt sich mit zwei Themen, die unterschiedlicher nicht sein können. Sam redet über eine der fatalsten Krisen in den letzten Jahrzehnten, während Caro euch von einem der stichhaltigsten Beweise für den Urknall erzählt. Quellen: AIDS: IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Biological Agents. Lyon (FR): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2012. (IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, No. 100B.) HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-1. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK304351/ (1987) Wollen Wir den Aids Staat?. Der Spiegel. Retrieved from: https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13520785.html Stroh K. (2012) Als die CSU in den Krieg gegen Aids zog. Stuttgarter Zeitung. Retroeved From: https://www.sueddeutsche.de/bayern/massnahmenkatalog-gegen-hiv-als-die-csu-in-den-krieg-gegen-aids-zog-1.1292107 (2020) Global HIV & AIDS statistics — 2020 fact sheet. UNAIDS. Retrieved From: https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet CBM: Jogalekar, A. (2015, November 06). Pigeon waste, cosmic melodies and noise in scientific communication. Retrieved December 03, 2020, from https://www.lindau-nobel.org/pigeon-waste-cosmic-melodies-and-noise-in-scientific-communication/ Reichert, U. (2014, June 13). Kosmologie: 50 Jahre kosmische Hintergrundstrahlung. Retrieved December 03, 2020, from https://www.spektrum.de/news/kosmische-hintergrundstrahlung/1295435 Schwarzer Körper. (n.d.). Retrieved December 03, 2020, from https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/physik/schwarzer-koerper/12976 Vorlesungen von Chad Ellington, Maastricht Science Programme.

Corona virus is keeping the world on its toes. But what about HIV? The Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV, might not be in the headlines as much as in the 80s and 90s anymore but it's still very much alive and kicking. Cat chats with UNSW Specialist and Researcher Dr Nicholas Medland about the state of knowledge, research and treatment of this once deeply feared of all viruses. Get your update on HIV in Australia… [...]Read More... from HIV special – An (almost) forgotten virus

Corona virus is keeping the world on its toes. But what about HIV? The Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV, might not be in the headlines as much as in the 80s and 90s anymore but it’s still very much alive and kicking. Cat chats with UNSW Specialist and Researcher Dr Nicholas Medland about the state of knowledge, research and treatment of this once deeply feared of all viruses. Get your update on HIV in Australia…

https://www.hrc.org/resources/debunking-common-myths-about-hiv https://www.avert.org/hiv-transmission-prevention/myths https://www.avert.org/living-with-hiv/health-wellbeing/taking-care-of-yourself#:~:text=Eating%20healthily,and%20fight%20off%20everyday%20infections. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/antonio-myers4/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/antonio-myers4/support

Even though great progress has been made addressing the spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and in treating those who have been infected with it, thousands are still being infected each year and people are still dying from it. To bring us up to date on this disease and issues related to it, such as Hepatitis C and Opioid addiction, and to learn how we, as Christians, can join with those who have or are effected in some way by the disease to do ministry, I have turned to Wayne Smith. Wayne is the founder of Samaritan Ministry, which is a ministry out of Central Baptist Bearden in Knoxville, TN. You can learn more about Wayne and Samaritan Ministry at the excellent resource: samaritancentral.org. Other important resources Wayne mentions in the interview are: aidsvu.org hiv.gov Burden of a Secret: The Story of Truth and Mercy in the Face of AIDS by Jimmy Allen Breaking the Conspiracy of Silence: Christian Churches and the Global AIDS Crisis by Donald E. Messer This I Know: A Simple Biblical Defense for LGBTQ Christians by Jim Dant Changing Our Mind: Definitive 3rd of the Landmark Call for Inclusion of LGBTQ Christians with Response to Critics by David P. Gushee The music for this episode is from a clip of a song called 'Father Let Your Kingdom Come' which is found on The Porter's Gate Worship Project Work Songs album and is used by permission by The Porter's Gate Worship Project. You can learn more about the album and the Worship Project at theportersgate.com.    

In this podcast, Nomazulu Dlamini discusses her paper 'Stroke transcranial Doppler in children with human immunodeficiency virus'. The paper is available here: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/dmcn.14439 ___ DMCN Journal: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology (DMCN) has defined the field of paediatric neurology and childhood-onset neurodisability for over 60 years. DMCN disseminates the latest clinical research results globally to enhance the care and improve the lives of disabled children and their families.   DMCN Journal - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14698749 ___   Watch DMCN videos on our YouTube channel: https://bit.ly/2ONCYiC   Find us on Twitter! @mackeithpress - https://twitter.com/mackeithpress

To Your Health With Dr. Jim Morrow: Episode 29: Coronavirus Update and Human Viral Infections Beyond the coronavirus, a number of human viral infections affect our health. Dr Jim Morrow discusses these viruses in this episode of “To Your Health.” In addition, he offers an update on the coronavirus pandemic and discusses the new telemedicine […] The post To Your Health With Dr. Jim Morrow: Episode 29, Coronavirus Update and Human Viral Infections appeared first on Business RadioX ®.

Welcome to The Whole Phil podcast, I am your host, Phil Reese, the DJ, that's my Facebook name, Really Phil Reese, that's my Twitter, Phillip J Reese, that's my Instagram, my dot com and my real life. Tweet me right now, hashtag #getyourwholephil and tell me about yourself. I am a loving, lovable, chubby, queer, sober, spiritual, vegetarian, feminist radical leftist web developer, and deejay in DC. This is the podcast where you get your whole Phil. I talk about whatever I want, with whomever I want, and do whatever I want, because there's no rules, no format, and no fucking censors. Let's start the show. Today is Saturday, January 18, and we're talking about PrEP. No, not getting ready for a big test, I'm talking about the big blue HIV preventing pill, Truvada. You probably know the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV, attacks your immune system turning your immune cells into factories for more virus cells, and leaving you open to suffering from all sorts of diseases your body normally easily fights off. HIV is an insidious virus that even creates reservoirs of dormant virus in your body that reactivate later even if your body has fought off a previous wave of infection. HIV infection was once very fatal, but over the years, drug treatments have made it possible for most people infected with HIV to live full normal lives, as long as they maintain their daily drug regimens religiously. Early antiretrovirals had wicked side effects. Over time, though, new drugs were developed to try to minimize and even eliminate those side effects. Though there is no cure for HIV, after the invention of protease inhibitors in 1996, it became possible for drug regimens to destroy the live viral load in a person with HIV, which means their immune systems function normally and over time, in most cases, those sticking to these drug regimens are unable to transmit the virus to others. Undetectable means untransmittable.PrEP is an acronym for pre-exposure prophylaxis. It is an HIV drug that HIV-negative people take daily to prevent HIV infection. If a person on PrEP is exposed to HIV, the chemicals in their body from PrEP kill the HIV virus and prevent it from replicating and creating reservoirs in the uninfected person. It's like the 80s Star Wars defense system for HIV in your body. If HIV tries to get in, it's obliterated before it can do anything.This episode is in no way sponsored by the pharmaceutical company, Gilead, who have the patent on the brand Truvada. And while this is a pro-prep episode, Gilead isn't going to love everything I say here. Truvada is the name brand of em-tri-citi-bine/teno-fo-vir, a groundbreaking HIV and Hepatitis-B medication that came out in 2004, combining two antiretroviral HIV/Hep-B medicines. It was very successful in eliminating HIV viral loads in patients that took it; so successful folks started to wonder if it could even be used to prevent new infections. It also showed, long term, to have very few serious side effects in many of the patients who were on it, though some patients saw kidney and liver issues crop up from long term use. In 2007, the four year iPrEx study began in Peru and Ecuador, exploring whether or not those uninfected but high risk for HIV infections taking Truvada would remain uninfected long term. Truvada was selected because of it's effectiveness in knocking out viral load, and it's low instance of serious side effects. In 2008, the US, Brazil, South Africa and Thailand jumped in on the study. The results published in 2011 were significant. Not everyone who stayed in the study had stuck to taking it daily, and among those who stopped taking it altogether or took it very sporadically, there were infections. But among the study participants who maintained the recommended daily dose, there were zero new infections. That was huge.It was like a big giant triple locked steel door got kicked in for the HIV prevention community. In 2012, the FDA approved Truvada to be taken for prophylactic purposes. In 2013, as soon as my insurance would cover it, I got myself on PrEP. Despite all the hopeful data about PrEP, however, there was a huge backlash against those taking and promoting PrEP, and it sadly came from a very unexpected source: inside the LGBTQ community itself.We'll be right back. I want to pause for a moment to encourage you to keep this discussion going. If you like what you hear here, please share my podcast on social media or text the link bit.ly/findwholephil to your friends. We can keep this conversation going on Twitter, I'm @reallyphilreese, use the hashtag #getyourwholephil. If you're new, subscribe at the bitly link I just mentioned, and give me a rating wherever you subscribe. Thanks, fam. Now on with the show.Despite the fact that since the creation of protease inhibitor drugs, we've seen people living with HIV taking these drugs consistently maintain a viral load of zero, stigma of those living with and treating their HIV remained very high in the queer community. Despite all our best efforts at education, ignorance prevailed. Illogical fear and discrimination reigned. People did the wrong things to try to protect themselves based on this bad information, and HIV transmission remained high in our community. One in four HIV infected people did not know their status. That ignorance and stigma was extended to any discussion of PrEP. In the early days, like most people promoting PrEP, I was attacked online constantly and vociferously by people who I had previously respected. I was told I was encouraging bad behavior and irresponsibility, and that people on PrEP were going to create a supervirus that no HIV medicines would be able to treat. I was told by several people that their friends that had died from HIV related illness would be disappointed in me, and one said his friends were rolling over in their graves because of me.But even more shocking, Michael Weinstein, the founder and leader of the AIDS Healthcare Foundation, started a massive and well funded disinformation campaign to sew fear in anyone considering getting on PrEP and shaming those promoting it. One of the biggest and most well funded HIV healthcare advocacy groups went to war with people trying to prevent new infections. It was gross and sad.But it looked like PrEP wouldn't be stopped. Aside from Weinstein and the uneducated people loudly protesting online, most voices in the HIV healthcare community began loudly banging the PrEP drum. Even the Human Rights Campaign started to promote PrEP, and I was featured as part of a social media campaign they did, proudly holding my big blue pill up in a picture, despite the public shaming I was still receiving. PrEP use grew, and despite detractors sensationalizing doomsday predictions, the numbers didn't lie. Since PrEP has become a cornerstone of HIV prevention strategies, new HIV transmissions have gone down 68% in New York City, 50% in San Francisco, 50% in DC, 44% in Australia, 32% in New Orleans, 19% in Chicago, 18% nationwide in the US and most starkly, more than 70% down in the UK.PrEP prevalence also reduces the stigmatization of HIV infected individuals, helping them be treated like everyone else in the community.Truvada is expensive, through, at nearly $12,000 a year. Gilead holds the patent on the drug in nearly every country it's approved for PrEP use. There is no hope for a generic anytime soon. The FDA recently approved another drug, Descovy, for PrEP. Guess who owns that one too.If you are insured, your insurance may cover large portions of the cost for PrEP. And Gilead has a copay assistance program that covers the copay up to $200 a month. If you're not insured, and you meet other eligibility requirements, Gilead may pay for a big portion of your annual bill for the drug. Still, people with shitty or no insurance can't afford to keep up with the daily efficacy that's required for PrEP to actually be effective.When HIV is properly treated, an infected person can live a long, healthy life. But you have to catch the infection before it ravages your immune system, and you have to have the money to afford that treatment. And again, HIV is incurable. If you can't continue to treat it or don't catch it, it can still be fatal. PrEP, is therefore for many at risk people, a LIFE SAVING NECESSITY. Drug patents can be diabolical. Look no further than Valiant Pharmaceuticals or Martin Shkreli to see recent stories of drug companies abusing their patients and using drug patents to fuck people over.Drugs like HIV drugs should have their patents broken, and generics should be available to all. At risk people should be able to get PrEP free without a hassle. If we're serious about actually ending new HIV infections, PrEP needs to be free.Until we can break the patents, though, on these life-saving drugs, you should do whatever you can to make daily adherence to PrEP a reality for you. Talk to your doctor and visit the Advocate article I've put at bit.ly/affordprep to start researching how to make it affordable to you. Then sign up at breakthepatent.org to find out how you can help us break the patent and make prep free for everyone. That's it for today. I hope you're enjoying the show. If you like what you hear, please subscribe wherever you listen to podcasts, just search Whole Phil or go to bit.ly/findwholephil, and please drop me a rating. Tweet me at @reallyphilreese with topic ideas you think I should cover. [DJ GIGS] Learn more about my upcoming DJ gigs at my website phillipjreese.com. And remember, be good to yourself, love yourself, and we're all in this together.Support Whole Phil by donating to their Tip Jar: https://tips.pinecast.com/jar/whole-philFind out more at https://whole-phil.pinecast.coThis podcast is powered by Pinecast.

Human Immunodeficiency virus is a virus that functions within the cell differently than any virus we’ve discussed before. HIV has led to Nobel prizes, societal discussion and discrimination, and significant morbidity and mortality, and was only first named in 1986. Today we’ll discuss HIV and the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Let’s learn to be scientifically conversational. For all references and supplemental information, you can navigate to ascienceshow.com.

HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus - - so many misconceptions and so much that is poorly understood. The Word on Medicine will change that with this enlightening program which covers everything from how this virus is transmitted, to how common it is in Wisconsin (and this country), including the many advances in diagnosis and treatment. Did you realize that HIV can be detected with a simple blood test, treatment is virtually 100% effective and that treatment is a pill taken daily! Yes, tremendous progress in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease that you will hear from the experts at MCW!

HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus - - so many misconceptions and so much that is poorly understood. The Word on Medicine will change that with this enlightening program which covers everything from how this virus is transmitted, to how common it is in Wisconsin (and this country), including the many advances in diagnosis and treatment. Did you realize that HIV can be detected with a simple blood test, treatment is virtually 100% effective and that treatment is a pill taken daily! Yes, tremendous progress in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease that you will hear from the experts at MCW!

Worldwide, nearly 40 million people are infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Here's the Quick Fire Science, with Phil Sansom... HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus, and around one in 650 people have it in the UK. Often the only symptom is a short flu-like illness a few weeks after infection, which lasts for a week or two. However, long after this symptom disappears, HIV is infecting and damaging vital cells in your immune system. This can lead to AIDS, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.If you have AIDS, your immune system has been severely damaged by HIV. You become... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

Although we've had great breakthroughs in pharmaceutical treatments for HIV, the virus remains one of the scariest diseases out there, because as of yet, there is no surefire cure. But as of this month,we have found a cure... for exactly 2 people in the history of the world. Can the experimental treatment used on the 2 patients who have had the virus wiped from their system be used to help the 37 million people living with the disease today? Should it be? In Part 1, K+K discussed how HIV infiltrates your body, and why its so hard to get rid of. In today's episode, K+K examine the London Patient, and how doctors used the patient's immune system against itself to eradicate the virus. They also look at the recent birth of the first person to be genetically modified with an immunity to HIV, and discuss if this will be and should be the future of medicine. Disclaimer: the Human Immunodeficiency Virus is not actually a cartoon. 

The National Institutes of Health awarded $7.5 million in grants to eight different research teams to study how to slow the spread of HIV in eight countries. The study is called Prevention and Treatment through a Comprehensive Care Continuum for HIV-affected Adolescents in Resource Constrained Settings (PATC3H). Bill Kapogiannis, an infectious disease physician at NIH's National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, joined Federal Drive with Tom Temin on Federal News Radio to talk about the team's development strategies for combating the virus in "high risk" populations.

Authors: Alison L Mittelsteadt, MS, RD, LD; Corrilynn O Hileman, MD; Stephanie R Harris, PhD, RD, LD; Kelly M Payne, MS, RD, LD; Barbara M Gripshover, MD; and Grace A McComsey, MD, FIDSA. Interview: Alison L Mittelsteadt and Stephanie R Harris provide insights on the first study to show that HIV-infected women experience elevated resting energy expenditure (REE). Their bodies use more kilocalories for basic functions including circulation, body temperature, and breathing. Investigators determined that REE continues to be elevated regardless of virologic suppression. This should be considered during nutrition assessment and counseling of HIV-infected women. April 16, 2013 (DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.02.005).

Pour ce 5ème épisode je vous parle de "Come out and play" de The Offspring Les liens vers les différentes versions de ce numéro : Le nom de la thèse : "Identification of Human MicroRNA-Like Sequences Embedded within the Protein-Encoding Genes of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus" Un lien si vous voulez la lire! ( c'est en Anglais ) Version originale de 1994 sur l'album "Smash" La version de Hyades en 2009 Version Jazz de Richard Cheese de 2000 Version UkulelebOboys de 2016 Version "retro-gaming" de 8 Bit Universe en 2015 La version Live acoustique de fin d'épisode, en 2012 sur Oui Fm Bande Annonce du film "The Warriors" Et l'extrait utilisé Toujours un très grand MERCI à tous pour les retours, les partages, les conseils etc... Vous retrouvez le podcast sur Podcloud.fr Sur iTunes ! Sur Youtube aussi Pour me contacter sur Twitter c'est @yannickdoc et @82bpmpodcastOu par mail : 82bpmpodcast@gmail.com Crédit du Générique : Boogie Belgique - Once Have I de l'album Blueberry Hill

AIDS was a terrifying new disease that first appeared in 1981, and then exploded into a global epidemic that killed its victims very rapidly. A cure and vaccine have not yet been found. Health care professionals quickly pinpointed a retrovirus called "Human Immunodeficiency Virus" and the American Food and Drug Administration approved a blood test to identify the presence of the virus. Then AZT, a chemotherapy drug designed in the 1960's, was approved as a treatment to try to prevent HIV from developing into AIDS. Unfortunately, the drug was very expensive. And it produced harsh health effects of its own. Fortunately, the illness began to decline in most areas of the world by the mid-90's ...however, sub-Saharan Africa still lists AIDS as its number one killer. This makes AIDS the 4th leading cause of death worldwide and it's still an enormous health emergency. The solution is elusive, because HIV is elusive. The virus has never been isolated. The HIV test only measures antibodies against proteins which are believed to be part of HIV. The progression of AIDS remains poorly understood. Nobody knows how the virus makes one person get one symptom and another person get another symptom ...or why some people never get any symptoms at all. Or why people can have AIDS symptoms and but test negative for HIV. Or why people can have HIV and even AIDS ...and then test negative or overcome their symptoms. Why all the questions? Because HIV-AIDS was always handled as a medical emergency, and so the response was technological. The SCIENTIFIC response has only just begun. Listen to Episode 8 of the Mind Over Symptom Podcast, "HIV Positive? Your Biggest Threat (and What You Can Do About It) to take a refreshing look at what AIDS is really about, why it happens, and how it's possible to resolve this collection of symptoms right at the source. HIV-AIDS timeline: https://www.aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids-101/aids-timeline/   How AZT works, and side effects: https://www.drugs.com/sfx/zidovudine-side-effects.html#refs   “Out Of Control: AIDS and the corruption of medical science” published in Harper magazine, 2006, by Celia Farber http://www.duesberg.com/articles/2006%20Harper's,%20Farber%20on%20AIDS%20&%20cancer.pdf   Does HIV cause AIDS? http://consciousdr.com/the-documentation/why-hiv-was-never-discovered/   About Amyl/Butyl Nitrite, or “poppers” - http://poppersguide.com   About the ELISA test - http://www.healthline.com/health/elisa#Overview1   Get your (free) Mind Over Symptom Training or book a session: http://mindtreehealth.net/services/   Rate/Review this podcast in iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/ca/podcast/mind-over-symptom/id1135291574?mt=2  

Interview with Edgar P. Simard, PhD, MPH, author of The Influence of Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Educational Attainment on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Death Rates Among Adults, 1993-2007 and William Cunningham, MD, MPH, author of HIV Racial Disparities: Time to Close the Gaps

Mosquitoes can transmit deadly diseases like malaria.But could they pass on HIV if they drank from an infected person?Find out with the Naked Science Scrapbook!

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) goes under the microscope this week. We find out how the virus hijacks cells to construct new HIV particles and hear how close scientists are to developing a vaccine to block infection. In the news, we learn how bitter taste receptors in the lungs could lead to new asthma treatments, how our ancestors enjoyed some veg with their meat and how gene therapy could offer a way out of depression. Plus, how Lego is helping university students build a creative career in the world of engineering... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) goes under the microscope this week. We find out how the virus hijacks cells to construct new HIV particles and hear how close scientists are to developing a vaccine to block infection. In the news, we learn how bitter taste receptors in the lungs could lead to new asthma treatments, how our ancestors enjoyed some veg with their meat and how gene therapy could offer a way out of depression. Plus, how Lego is helping university students build a creative career in the world of engineering... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

But what of their deeper origins? Each STD, be it a virus, bacteria or protozoan, has taken a different evolutionary path to its present day existence. Many were likely present in other animals first, later mutating to survive in humans. Once the trans-species leap was made, the proliferation of each disease became tied to a complex array of factors including the movement of people – facilitated by ships, roads, airplanes, urbanization and globalization – and the sexual practices they brought with them, to name only a few. For a glimpse into the development of a new STD with worldwide implications, we need only look back as far as 1981, when the Centers for Disease Control first reported what would later be known as the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV. Today, there are approximately 40 million people infected with HIV worldwide, a staggering number considering the first human case probably occurred as recently as 1930, when a hunter in the Belgian Congo may have come into contact with blood infected with the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, the chimpanzee forebearer of HIV.

Die hohe genetische Variabilität von HIV stellt ein großes biologisches Hindernis für die Entwicklung erfolgreicher Medikamente und Impfstoffe dar. Im Laufe seiner Evolution hat HIV eine Vielzahl von Untergruppen und Subtypen entwickelt, die in unterschiedlichen geographischen Regionen und Bevölkerungsgruppen eigenständige Epidemien geschaffen haben, aus denen sich die weltweite Pandemie zusammensetzt. Die hohe Evolutionsrate von HIV wird verursacht durch seine Fähigkeit, schnell zu mutieren, zu rekombinieren und sich mit einer sehr kurzen Generationszeit zu replizieren. Während die kontinuierliche Akkumulation von Punktmutationen eher zu allmählichen Veränderungen der biologischen Eigenschaften des Virus führt, können durch Rekombinationsereignisse zwischen verschiedenen Virusisolaten plötzlich größere Genomabschnitte ausgetauscht und damit eventuell fittere Varianten generiert und selektiert werden. Eine rasche Bildung von Fluchtmutanten oder Resistenzen gegen antiretrovirale Therapie sind die Konsequenz. Voraussetzung für die Bildung derartiger Mosaikgenome ist zum einen die zeitgleiche Infektion einer Zielzelle mit mehreren Virionen und zum anderen die Koinfektion eines Individuums mit mehr als einer HIV-Variante. Koinfektionen und Rekombinationen mit verschiedenen HIV-1 Subtypen sind besonders wahrscheinlich in Regionen, in denen mehrere Virusvarianten kozirkulieren, wie in Tansania, wo man die HIV-1 Subtypen A, C und D nebeneinander findet. Zur Untersuchung der genauen Subtypenverteilung mit besonderem Fokus auf rekombinante Formen und Mehrfachinfektionen wurde in der Region Mbeya im Südwesten Tansanias eine Hochrisikokohorte von 600 Barfrauen gebildet, die alle drei Monate über einen Zeitraum von vier Jahren nachuntersucht wurden (HISIS-Studie). Die initiale HIV-1 Prävalenz in dieser Kohorte betrug 67,8%. 75 zufällig aus dieser Studie ausgewählte HIV-1 positive Frauen wurden in dreimonatigen Intervallen mit dem Multiregion-Hybridisation-Assay (MHAACD) auf ihren HIV-1 Subtyp hin getestet. Dieser sensitive und durchsatzstarke Subtypisierungstest beruht auf dem Prinzip einer real-time PCR mit subtypenspezifischen Hybridisierungssonden, die an die HIV-DNA in fünf Genomregionen binden. Neben reinen Subtypen kann der MHAACD auch rekombinante Viren und Doppelinfektionen mit hoher Vorhersagekraft nachweisen. Die Verteilung der reinen (nichtrekombinanten) Subtypen zu Beginn der Studie wurde dominiert von C mit 34%, gefolgt von A mit 9% bzw. D mit nur 5%. Damit wird der größere Einfluß der südlichen Nachbarn, in denen ebenfalls der Subtyp C überwiegt, auf die Region Mbeya im Vergleich zu den nördlich angrenzenden vor allem von Sutyp A und D dominierten Staaten deutlich. 52% aller Infektionen sind entweder verursacht durch rekombinante Viren (32%) oder Mehrfachinfektionen mit Beteiligung von Rekombinanten (20%). Dieser Prozentsatz liegt sehr viel höher als in der Allgemeinbevölkerung dieser Region und impliziert daher eine Korrelation zwischen dem Risikoverhalten der Infizierten und der Wahrscheinlichkeit einer HIV-1 Mehrfachinfektion und dem Auftreten von rekombinanten Formen. Die Mehrheit der Koinfektionen schienen nicht auf einer simultanen, sondern einer sequentiellen (Superinfektion) Transmission verschiedener Virusvarianten zu beruhen, was durch den Vergleich zweier Gruppen von Barfrauen belegt wird. Erstere befanden sich in einem mittleren Infektionsstadium der HIV-1 Infektion und wiesen eine signifikant geringere Prävalenz an Mehrfachinfektionen (9%) auf als die zweite Gruppe der Teilnehmerinnen, die sich zu Beginn der Studie schon in einem Spätstadium bzw. im AIDS-Stadium befand und mit 30% einen deutlich höheren Anteil an Mehrfachinfektionen zeigte. Aus den durch den MHAACD detektierten Mehrfachinfektionen wurde eine Studienteilnehmerin mit einer fortgeschrittenen HIV-1 Infektion zur detaillierten Analyse der viralen Populationen ausgewählt. Sie entwickelte innerhalb von 12 Monaten nach Eintritt in die Studie AIDS definierende Symptome und verstarb kurz darauf an den Folgen der Immunschwäche. Der an fünf aufeinanderfolgenden Zeitpunkten (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 Monate) durchgeführte MHAACD-Test enthüllte eine AC-Doppelinfektion in der vpu-Region. Diese konnte durch die Amplifikation, Klonierung und Sequenzierung von drei Genomfragmenten (gag/pol, vpu/GP120, GP41/nef) bestätigt werden. Eine detaillierte phylogenetische Sequenzanalyse der Region 2 (vpu/GP120) enthüllte eine zweite A-Variante, weshalb von einer Dreifachinfektion der Patientin ausgegangen werden kann. Zusätzlich wurden in allen drei untersuchten Genomregionen eine Reihe von aus den Elternformen gebildeten rekombinanten Viren identifiziert. Die komplexeste virale quasispecies mit mindestens acht verschiedenen molekularen Formen wurde in der Region 2 (vpu/GP120) gefunden. Die Anteile der verschiedenen viralen Varianten in den analysierten Regionen fluktierten sehr stark über den Untersuchungszeitraum von einem Jahr, weshalb eine longitudinale einer cross-sektionalen Analyse zur zuverlässigen Detektion von Koinfektionen vorzuziehen ist. Eine eindeutige Tendenz zu stärkerer Homogenisierung bzw. Diversifizierung der quasispecies mit der Manifestierung von AIDS und damit sinkendem Immundruck konnte nicht festgestellt werden. Für die Amplifikation der drei untersuchten Genomfragmente im Rahmen einer verschachtelten PCR wurden jeweils vier verschiedene Primerkombinationen verwendet. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Einsatz multipler Primerpaare eine Selektion bestimmter Virusvarianten während der PCR verringern und damit die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Detektion einer Mehrfachinfektion im Vergleich zu einer konventionellen PCR erhöhen kann. Eine weitere Sensitivitätssteigerung der Methodik wäre zukünftig durch zusätzliche Primerpaare denkbar. Die detaillierte Untersuchung der viralen Formen spielt eine bedeutende Rolle vor allem im Hinblick auf zukünftige Studien zur Evaluierung von HIV-Vakzinen, wie sie unter anderem in der Region Mbeya in Tansania stattfinden werden. Ein unvollständiges Bild der zirkulierenden HIV-Varianten kann zu einer falschen Interpretation der Ergebnisse solcher Studien und in der Folge zu einer falschen Einschätzung der Wirksamkeit von Impfstoffkandidaten führen.

Wed, 1 Dec 1993 12:00:00 +0100 https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8185/1/Bogner_Johannes_8185.pdf Goebel, Frank-Detlef; Einhäupl, Karl Max; Hammel, Gertrud; Bogner, Johannes R.; Sadri, Ifna; Tatsch, Klaus; Schielke, Eva; Geier, Stephan A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis fehlt.

The peculiar tropism of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for T helper lymphocytes can be explained by a specific interaction between the virus and the CD4 molecule on these cells (1, 2). The tropism for T lymphocytes, however, can hardly account for the early brain infection observed in some AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) patients (3, 4). Since CD4 is also expressed on virus-susceptible non-T cell lines we wondered whether an additional expression site of CD4 could be demonstrated in neural tissue (5). To this end, CD4 expression in brain was analyzed with several different anti-CD4 mAbs, and using a CD4-specific cDNA probe in Northern blot analyses . CD4' cells and CD4-specific mRNA were found in the cerebellum, thalamus, and pons. The reactive cells could be identified as neurons as well as glial cells.