Podcasts about pathobiology

This year marks the 50th season of Saturday night live, so today the guys go over their favourite SNL moments from the past half decade (2:37). The guys review their top hosts, top monologues, Top Weekend update anchors, top weekend update correspondents and top 5 SNL skits EVER.    Then the guys discuss how West Nile Virus has been in the news as of late because of Dr. Anthony Fauci's recent battle with this disease (33:44).  Ali asks Asif about what exactly it is and how common it is. Asif goes over the life cycle of the virus and how both birds and mosquitos are involved in transmission. Asif then talks about the symptoms, the limited options for treatment and the prognosis.    The opinions expressed are those of the hosts, and do not reflect those of any other organizations. This podcast and website represents the opinions of the hosts. The content here should not be taken as medical advice. The content here is for entertainment and informational purposes only, and because each person is so unique, please consult your healthcare professional for any medical questions.   Music courtesy of Wataboi and 8er41 from Pixabay   Contact us at doctorvcomedian@gmail.com   Follow us on Social media: Twitter: @doctorvcomedian Instagram: doctorvcomedian   Show Notes: Anthony Fauci: A Mosquito in My Backyard Made Me the Sickest I've Ever Been: https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/07/opinion/fauci-west-nile-virus.html Anthony Fauci: West Nile virus caught from mosquito ‘nearly took me down': https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/oct/08/anthony-fauci-west-nile-virus West Nile Virus: An Update on Pathobiology, Epidemiology, Diagnostics, Control and “One Health” Implications: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7400489/ Transmission of West Nile Virus: https://www.cdc.gov/west-nile-virus/php/transmission/index.html

Remembrance Day: Canada honours veterans' ‘legacy of courage' GUEST: Craig Thomson - President, BC Yukon Command, Royal Canadian Legion Coding for Veterans, a military-focused organization, is celebrating its 5th anniversary. Coding for Veterans will open trading at the TSX on Monday to mark Remembrance Day. Coding for Veterans retrains Canadian military veterans for a second career in cybersecurity.   In that time more than 800 veterans have enrolled in the program.  GUEST: Jeff Musson - Coding for Veterans Executive Director Bird flu: What we know about Canada's 1st human case detected in B.C. GUEST: Allison McGeer - infectious disease specialist in the Sinai Health System, and a professor in the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology at the University of Toronto Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Explore the critical role of specific blood tests in managing PCOS, focusing on fasting insulin, estradiol, DHEA-S, hs-CRP, and leptin. This episode dives deep into how these tests can guide treatments and lifestyle changes for better health outcomes. 5 KEY TAKEAWAYS  1. Fasting Insulin as a Foundation: Understanding insulin's role in PCOS is crucial, as it affects multiple bodily functions and is often elevated in affected individuals.  2. Importance of Estradiol Levels: Monitoring estradiol is essential for managing PCOS, as it influences ovarian function and overall hormonal balance.  3. Role of DHEA-S: Elevated levels can indicate adrenal involvement in PCOS, influencing the body's androgen levels and contributing to symptoms.  4. Significance of hs-CRP: This inflammatory marker can highlight underlying inflammation associated with PCOS and its impact on cardiovascular health.  5. Monitoring Leptin: Addresses leptin resistance often seen in PCOS, impacting appetite regulation and metabolic functions. FEATURED PRODUCT Liver Boost and Berberine are essential in managing PCOS due to their role in supporting liver health and regulating insulin levels. By enhancing liver function and insulin sensitivity, these supplements can mitigate some of the systemic effects of PCOS, aligning with the insights discussed about the importance of managing insulin and inflammation in PCOS. visit www.mswnutition.com for more info TIMESTAMPS  • 00:00 START  • 00:01:00 Introduction to PCOS and importance of proactive lab testing.  • 00:05:00 Detailed discussion on fasting insulin's role in PCOS.  • 00:10:00 The critical impact of estradiol and its management.  • 00:15:00 Exploring DHEA-S and its implications in adrenal health.  • 00:20:00 Understanding hs-CRP and its link to inflammation.  • 00:25:00 Leptin's role in appetite and weight regulation in PCOS.  • 00:30:00 Summary and key actionable advice on managing PCOS through targeted bloodwork. RESOURCES   1. Title: Insulin Resistance and the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Mechanism and Implications for Pathogenesis URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277302/  2. Title: Recent Insights into the Pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Narrative Review URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9832677/  3. Title: Androgen Excess in Women: Experience with Over 1000 Consecutive Patients URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9705998/  4. Title: The Role of Insulin Resistance in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6676075/  5. Title: Estrogen Signaling in the Pathobiology of Ovarian Cancer URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6830311/  6. Title: Estrogen and Cardiovascular Disease: Is Timing Everything? URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29224098/  7. Title: C-Reactive Protein: A Predictive Factor and Marker of Inflammation in Inflammatory Diseases URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6647201/

He has his Ph.D. and is an Associate Professor of Viral Immunology in the Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph. He went viral in the middle of Covid for discovering the vax crossed the blood brain barrier and since has had his life turned upside down. He will be in Alberta June 17th for the An Injection of Truth town hall. Let me know what you think. Text me 587-217-8500 Substack:https://open.substack.com/pub/shaunnewmanpodcast E-transfer here: shaunnewmanpodcast@gmail.com Website: https://silvergoldbull.ca/ Email: SNP@silvergoldbull.com Text: (587) 441-9100 – and be sure to let them know you're an SNP listener. Ticket for Dr. James Lindsay “Parental Rights Tour”: https://brushfire.com/anv

My friend Hannah Russell (married mother of three, PhD, lives in Cincinnati, active Latter-day Saint) joins us to share her story of being asexual out of a desire to help others not feel alone. Hannah starts realizing she is different and falsely concluding “I am not a divine child of Heavenly Parents” because I don't have any sexual interest. Hannah talks about how being asexual is a real thing and there isn't some backstory “confusing” Hannah to falsely make this conclusion. Hannah talks about learning more about herself at BYU and dating. Hannah is very brave—and without shame—in sharing her feelings about not wanting to be sexually intimate. Hannah talks about getting on with her life (after a broken off engagement) and getting her PhD in Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine. Hannah talks about meeting her husband John and opening up to him about being asexual and how they navigated that road together and decided to get married and start a family. Hannah talks about how their marriage—a beautiful love story—is based on communication and consent. I learned so much from Hannah story about how to better understand and support my asexual friends, and principles to create a stronger marriage and family. Thank you, Hannah, for your courage to share your story so others don't feel alone and all are welcome and needed as we create Zion. You are awesome! Links: Hannah's Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/hannah.russell.1428 Facebook Group to Better Support LGBTQ Latter-Day Saints: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1433556613672143

On April 25, 2024, we met with the 5 speakers for this year's Annual Neuroscience Symposium at UTSA to discuss epigenetics and nervous system development. We discussed the best known molecular mechanisms that control patterns of gene expression and current limitations faced in studies of those mechanisms. We also discussed the promise of epigenetics to explain the differentiation of nervous system cell types, mechanisms of developmental, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Guests: Melanie Carless, Associate Professor, Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, UTSA Christine Ladd-Acosta, Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Paulino Ramirez, Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio Alexey Soshnev, Assistant Professor, Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, UTSA Hehuang "David" Xie, Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech Host: Charles Wilson, Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, UTSA Thanks to Jim Tepper for original music

Welcome to our podcast episode on diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers for the treatment of upper GI cancers. In this episode, Dr Brezden-Masley (medical oncologist) and Dr Streutker (pathologist) discuss the latest biomarkers that may inform treatment of upper GI cancer. Our Guests:Dr. Christine Brezden-MasleyDr.  Brezden-Masley is a Medical Oncologist and the Director of the Marvelle Koffler Breast Centre at Mount Sinai Hospital as well as the Medical Director of Cancer Program for Sinai Health System in Toronto, Canada. Dr. Catherine StreutkerDr.  Streutker is a Professor in the Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology at the University of Toronto.This podcast episode was sponsored by Merck Canada.If you enjoy our podcast, please review and subscribe. For more podcasts and other medical education content, visit our website at: https://www.impactmedicom.com 

Ashley Kalinauskas is the Founder and CEO of Torigen Pharmaceuticals ( https://www.torigen.com/ ), a company dedicated to researching and developing novel immuno-oncology products and services specifically for the veterinary market, with a focus on autologous cancer vaccines. Torigen Pharmaceuticals is a start‑up that resulted from Ashley's graduate thesis project at the University of Notre Dame, as she was working on her Masters in Engineering, Science and Technology Entrepreneurship in collaboration with Dr. Mark Suckow ( https://www.research.uky.edu/staff/mark-suckow ). Ashley also received an undergraduate degree in Veterinary Pathology and Pathobiology from University of Connecticut. Support the show

Dr. Amy Durham, Professor and Assistant Dean at the University of Pennsylvania, joins Dr. Andy Roark on the Cone of Shame podcast to discuss PennVet's new active learning and learner centered curriculum. Together they dive into the driving factors behind this decision and what it's meant to students, faculty and the veterinary industry. LINKS PennVet Article on Curriculum: https://www.vet.upenn.edu/about/news-room/bellwether/bellwether-magazine/bellwether-spring-2023/educating-a-21st-century-veterinarian AAHA Article on Curriculum: Penn Vet transitions from discipline-based to fully integrated curriculum (aaha.org) Today's Veterinary Business Article: https://todaysveterinarybusiness.com/penn-vet-curriculum-121823/?oly_enc_id=5467B7086134E1Y Competency-Based Veterinary Education: https://www.aavmc.org/programs/cbve/ Uncharted Veterinary Conference: https://unchartedvet.com/uvc-april-2024/ Uncharted on the Road: https://unchartedvet.com/on-the-road/ Charming the Angry Client Course: https://drandyroark.com/charming-the-angry-client/ Dr. Andy Roark Swag: https://drandyroark.com/store/ ABOUT OUR GUEST Dr. Amy Durham is a Professor of Anatomic Pathology and Assistant Dean for Education at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. She went to Penn for vet school (class of 2005), did a residency in anatomic pathology at Penn, and then have stayed as a faculty member in the Department of Pathobiology. She became the assistant Dean for Education a couple of years ago, and is currently completing an MSEd in medical education.

Mutations in the LRRK2 gene were first linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) risk in 2004. Since then, researchers from around the world have advanced our understanding of the mechanisms through which LRRK2 may contribute to PD, leading to the development of three potential LRRK2-targeted therapies that are now being evaluated in clinical trials. Along with colleagues and collaborators, Dr. Dario Alessi has pioneered new research and approaches that have aided in the development of drugs to inhibit LRRK2 and potentially treat people with Parkinson's disease. In this episode Dario discusses his work developing the LRRK2 kinase assay, LRRK2 Ser935 dephosphorylation assay, and Rab phosphorylation assay, as well as future directions and opportunities in the field. This year, Dario received the 2023 Robert A. Pritzker Prize for Leadership in Parkinson's Research for his substantial research contribution and his commitment to mentoring the next generation of Parkinson's scientists. Dario is the Professor of Signal Transduction and Science Director of the Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit at the University of Dundee.This podcast is geared toward researchers and clinicians. If you live with Parkinson's or have a friend or family member with PD, listen to The Michael J. Fox Foundation Parkinson's Podcast. Hear from scientists, doctors and people with Parkinson's on different aspects of life with the disease as well as research toward treatment breakthroughs at https://www.michaeljfox.org/podcasts.

12 more charges laid against Ontario man accused of aiding suicides Guest: Dr. Tyler Hickey, Assistant Professor, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto and forensic pathologist, Ontario Forensic Pathology Service Poor mental health, violence among threats to children in Canada  Guest: Sara Austin, founder and CEO of Children First Canada BC confirms first Canadian case of new COVID-19 Omicron variant  Guest: Dr. Horacio Bach, a researcher at the Immunity and Infection Research Centre and a clinical assistant professor in the Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases at the University of British Columbia Can the Conservatives translate a surge in the polls to electoral success?  Guest: Ken Boessenkool, founding partner, Meredith Boessenkool Policy Advisors Soccer Canada is a mess ahead of the 2026 World Cup Guest: Alan McDougall, Professor of History, University of Guelph, author of "Contested Fields: A Global History of Modern Football" Wagner chief Yevgeny Prigozhin buried at a St. Petersburg cemetery Guest: Anders Aslund, economist, former economic advisor to Russia, later Ukraine, author of Russia's Crony Capitalism: The Path from Market Economy to Kleptocracy How scientists recreated a famous Pink Floyd song from brain waves Guest: Ludovic Bellier, a computational research scientist at UC Berkeley

In this latest episode of ASTCT Talks, Dr. Tania Jain engages in a conversation with Dr. Richard Jones, the BMT director and co-director of the Hematologic Malignancies Programs at Johns Hopkins University. He shares his journey in the field of oncology and transplantation, reflecting on the life events and experiences that led him to this path. He delves into the groundbreaking development of post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) and its significant impact on transplant procedures. Gain insights into the behind-the-scenes efforts and the role PTCy has played in expanding donor options and improving graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. The episode also highlights Dr. Jones' dedication to mentoring and his commitment to family, emphasizing the importance of work-life balance in this profession. About Dr. Rick Jones Richard J. Jones, M.D. is Professor of Oncology, Medicine, and Pathobiology, Associate Director of the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center for Faculty and Program Development, as well as Director of the Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) and co-Director of the Hematologic Malignancies Programs at Johns Hopkins University. His major area of research interest is normal and malignant stem cell biology, especially the translation of promising findings from the laboratory to the clinic to improve the treatment of malignant and non-malignant blood disorders. Examples of his research accomplishments have been the development of the stem cell marker Aldefluor and high-dose cyclophosphamide for auto- and alloimmunity. The latter has led to the ability to safely perform partially mismatched BMT, allowing now everyone in need access to BMT. He has authored over 300 articles and book chapters on hematopoiesis, hematologic malignancies, and transplantation biology. Dr. Jones is a past Stohlman Memorial Scholar of the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society. About Dr. Tania Jain, MBBS Dr. Jain, MBBS, (@TaniaJain11) is a physician scientist in the hematological malignancies and stem cell transplantation division with Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at the Johns Hopkins. Her academic focus is cellular therapy and transplantation in the treatment of high-risk hematological malignancies especially myeloproliferative neoplasms. Her primary research focus is to develop strategies to improve outcomes and prevent relapse of hematological malignancies following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. She also serves as the Director of the Immune Effector Cell (IEC) Therapy at Johns Hopkins, where they are currently expanding their CAR T program to help patients with advanced hematological malignancies. Her academic interest in this space lies in developing novel IEC strategies and studying aspects of toxicity of CAR T cell therapy with an aim to improve long term outcomes in these patients.

Dr. Jeffrey Bryan earned his D.V.M. from the University of California - Davis in 1993. He worked as an Associate Veterinarian from 1993-1995 and served as Medical Director from 1995-2002 of the Irving Street Veterinary Hospital in San Francisco, CA. Bryan then completed a medical oncology residency, a Masters of Biomedical Sciences, and a PhD in Pathobiology at the University of Missouri. He received certification by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine in Oncology 2005. He is the Director of the Tom and Betty Scott Endowed Program in Veterinary Oncology, the Director of PET Imaging Center of the University of Missouri, Associate Department Chair for Research, and the Associate Director of Comparative Oncology for Ellis Fischel Cancer Center. Dr. Bryan's research focuses on comparative examination of cancers in companion animals to better understand cancers in all species. His particular areas of interest are targeted imaging and therapy, epigenetics, and immunotherapy of cancers. He directs the PET Imaging Center, which seeks to develop novel PET imaging agents for cancer diagnosis, localization, and prognostication. He studies DNA methylation of canine non-Hodgkin lymphoma. He studies immunotherapy in companion dogs including investigating fetal microchimerism. --- What We Do at MIB Agents: PROGRAMS: End-of-Life MISSIONS Gamer Agents Agent Writers Prayer Agents Healing Hearts - Bereaved Parent and Sibling Support Ambassador Agents - Peer Support Warrior Mail Young Adult Survivorship Support Group EDUCATION for physicians, researchers and families: OsteoBites, weekly webinar & podcast with thought leaders and innovators in Osteosarcoma MIB Book: Osteosarcoma: From our Families to Yours RESEARCH: Annual MIB FACTOR Research Conference Funding multiple $100,000 and $50,000 grants annually for OS research MIB Testing & Research Directory The Osteosarcoma Project partner with Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard ... Kids are still dying with 40+ year old treatments. Help us MakeItBetter. https://www.mibagents.org​ Help support MIB Agents, Donate here https://give-usa.keela.co/embed/YAipuSaWxHPJP7RCJ SUBSCRIBE for all the Osteosarcoma Intel

Welcome to our podcast episode on external quality assurance (or eQA) for testing biomarkers in oncology, hosted by Anna Christofides. In this episode,  we discuss with Dr. Emina Torlakovic, the use of eQA to aid in the improvement of biomarker testing in Canada . Our Guest: Dr. Emina Torlakovic is a Professor in Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology at the University of Toronto. She is also a Staff Hematopathologist and Director of Biomarker Development and Quality Assurance at the University Health Network. Dr. Torlakovic is also a founding member of NordiQC, Canadian Immunohistochemistry Quality Control (CIQC), as well as the International Society for Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Morphology. She is Chair of the Canadian Association of Pathologists' National Standards Committee for High Complexity Testing and also co-directs CIQC. This podcast episode was sponsored by Merck, Canada.If you enjoy our podcast, please review and subscribe. For more podcasts and other medical education content, visit our website at: https://www.impactmedicom.com.

From working with electron microscopes to pioneering a career in fertility treatments, this scientist has led an interesting journey. But the biggest challenge still awaits: will the patients he serves be able to bring home a baby at the end of it all? With a world of unknowns ahead, it will take careful control, talented embryologists and a little luck to make it happen. But will it be enough? In this episode of Meet the Mentor with Dr. Bill Dorfman, you will be able to: Discover the critical effects of age and genetics on fertility treatment outcomes. Uncover the latest breakthroughs in assisted reproductive technology and embryo assessment. Comprehend the crucial role of education and training for embryologists in the IVF process. Learn how savvy financial planning can make IVF more accessible and budget-friendly. Grasp the benefits of enhancing patient experience by minimizing stress and discomfort during IVF. Get ready to be inspired by Dr. David Hill, a leading expert in fertility treatments with nearly four decades of experience. With a doctoral degree in Pathobiology from the University of Connecticut, Dr. Hill has dedicated his career to helping countless couples achieve their dream of parenthood. As the Scientific Director for various top-rated reproductive centers in California, he has contributed immensely to the advancements in assisted reproductive technology. Dr. Hill's expertise in the impact of age and genetics on fertility treatment success has made him a sought-after speaker and mentor in the field. Join us as we learn from Dr. Hill's extensive knowledge and fascinating insights into the world of fertility. The resources mentioned in this episode are: Look into the Leap program for high school and college students aged 15-25 to learn entrepreneurship and life skills. Explore assisted reproductive technology options, such as in vitro fertilization, for those struggling with fertility. Consider freezing eggs in the mid-30s if not ready for parenthood but want to preserve future fertility potential. Research pre-implantation genetic evaluation and testing for embryos to screen for potential hereditary disorders before pregnancy. Stay informed on advancements in the reproductive medicine field and how they may impact future fertility treatments and optioms Reasons Behind Infertility According to experts, the trend of starting families later in life may contribute to the increase in infertility problems, along with the prevalence of heritable disorders. As societal norms have shifted, more individuals and couples are waiting to have children until they achieve certain career or financial milestones. Delaying family planning can place couples at a higher risk of experiencing fertility challenges. Additionally, heritable genetic disorders can cause further barriers to conception and healthy pregnancies, making it essential for medical professionals to develop specialized solutions to address these issues. In his interview with Dr. Bill Dorfman, Dr. David Hill confirms that age is a significant factor when it comes to fertility. Dr. Hill also highlights the importance of advancements in assisted reproductive technology in helping a broader range of patients. For individuals who might have genetic markers or pre-existing health conditions impacting their pregnancy outcomes, their options for successful fertility treatments have significantly improved. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This month on Episode 47 of Discover CircRes, host Cynthia St. Hilaire highlights three original research articles featured in the March 31 issue of Circulation Research. We'll also provide an overview of the Compendium on Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Complications in Chronic Kidney Disease published in the April 14 issue. Finally, this episode features an interview with Dr Elizabeth Tarling and Dr Bethan Clifford from UCLA regarding their study, RNF130 Regulates LDLR Availability and Plasma LDL Cholesterol Levels.   Article highlights:   Shi, et al. LncRNAs Regulate SMC Phenotypic Transition   Chen, et al. Bilirubin Stabilizes Atherosclerotic Plaque   Subramaniam, et al. Mapping Non-Obvious cAMP Nanodomains by Proteomics   Compendium on Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Complications in Chronic Kidney Disease   Cindy St. Hilaire:              Hi, and welcome to Discover CircRes, the podcast of the American Heart Association's Journal, Circulation Research. I'm your host, Dr Cindy St. Hilaire, from the Vascular Medicine Institute at the University of Pittsburgh, and today I'm going to share three articles selected from our March 31st issue of Circulation Research and give you a quick summary of our April 14th Compendium. I'm also excited to speak with Dr Elizabeth Tarling and Dr Bethan Clifford from UCLA regarding their study, RNF130 Regulates LDLR Availability and Plasma LDL Cholesterol Levels.   So first the highlights. The first article we're going to discuss is Discovery of Transacting Long Noncoding RNAs that Regulates Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype. This article's coming from Stanford University and the laboratory of Dr Thomas Quertermous. Smooth muscle cells are the major cell type contributing to atherosclerotic plaques. And in plaque pathogenesis, the cells can undergo a phenotypic transition whereby a contractile smooth muscle cell can trans differentiate into other cell types found within the plaque, such as macrophage-like cells, osteoblast-like cells and fibroblast-like cells. These transitions are regulated by a network of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, and these mechanisms govern the risk of disease.   The involvement of long non-coding RNAs, or Lnc RNAs as they're called, has been increasingly identified in cardiovascular disease. However, smooth muscle cell Lnc RNAs have not been comprehensively characterized and the regulatory role in the smooth muscle cell state transition is not thoroughly understood. To address this gap, Shi and colleagues created a discovery pipeline and applied it to deeply strand-specific RNA sequencing from human coronary artery smooth muscle cells that were stressed with different disease related stimuli. Subsequently, the functional relevancy of a few novel Lnc RNAs was verified in vitro.   From this pipeline, they identified over 4,500 known and over 13,000 unknown or previously unknown Lnc RNAs in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. The genomic location of these long noncoding RNAs was enriched near coronary artery disease related transcription factor and genetic loci. They were also found to be gene regulators of smooth muscle cell identity. Two novel Lnc RNAs, ZEB-interacting suppressor or ZIPPOR and TNS1-antisense or TNS1-AS2, were identified by the screen, and this group discovered that the coronary artery disease gene, ZEB2, which is a transcription factor in the TGF beta signaling pathway, is a target for these Lnc RNAs. These data suggest a critical role for long noncoding RNAs in smooth muscle cell phenotypic transition and in human atherosclerotic disease.   Cindy St. Hilaire:              The second article I want to share is titled Destabilization of Atherosclerotic Plaque by Bilirubin Deficiency. This article is coming from the Heart Research Institute and the corresponding author is Roland Stocker. The rupture of atherosclerotic plaque contributes significantly to cardiovascular disease. Plasma concentrations of bilirubin, a byproduct of heme catabolism, is inversely associated with risk of cardiovascular disease, but the link between bilirubin and atherosclerosis is unknown.   Chen et el addressed this gap by crossing a bilirubin knockout mice to a atherosclerosis prone APOe knockout mouse. Chen et el addressed this gap by crossing the bilirubin knockout mouse to the atherosclerosis-prone APOE knockout mouse, and used the tandem stenosis model of plaque instability to address this question. Compared with their litter mate controls, bilirubin-APOE double knockouts showed signs of increased systemic oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, as well as hyperlipidemia. And they had higher atherosclerotic plaque burden.   Hemeatabolism was increased in unstable plaques compared with stable plaques in both of these groups as well as in human coronary arteries. In mice, the bilirubin deletion selectively destabilized unstable plaques and this was characterized by positive arterial remodeling and increased cap thinning, intra plaque hemorrhage, infiltration of neutrophils and MPO activity. Subsequent proteomics analysis confirmed bilirubin deletion enhanced extracellular matrix degradation, recruitment and activation of neutrophils and associated oxidative stress in the unstable plaque. Thus, bilirubin deficiency generates a pro atherogenic phenotype and selectively enhances neutrophil-mediated inflammation and destabilization of unstable plaques, thereby providing a link between bilirubin and cardiovascular disease risk.   Cindy St. Hilaire:              The third article I want to share is titled Integrated Proteomics Unveils Regulation of Cardiac Monocyte Hypertrophic Growth by a Nuclear Cyclic AMP Nano Domain under the Control of PDE3A. This study is coming from the University of Oxford in the lab of Manuela Zaccolo. Cyclic AMP is a critically important secondary messenger downstream from a myriad of signaling receptors on the cell surface. Signaling by cyclic AMP is organized in multiple distinct subcellular nano domains, regulated by cyclic AMP hydrolyzing phosphodiesterases or PDEs.   The cardiac beta adrenergic signaling has served as the prototypical system to elucidate this very complex cyclic AMP compartmentalization. Although studies in cardiac monocytes have provided an understanding of the location and the properties of a handful of these subcellular domains, an overview of the cellular landscape of the cyclic AMP nano domains is missing.   To understand the nanodynamics, Subramanian et al combined an integrated phospho proteomics approach that took advantage of the unique role that individual phosphodiesterases play in the control of local cyclic AMP. They combined this with network analysis to identify previously unrecognized cyclic AMP nano domains associated with beta adrenergic stimulation. They found that indeed this integrated phospho proteomics approach could successfully pinpoint the location of these signaling domains and it provided crucial cues to determine the function of previously unknown cyclic AMP nano domains.   The group characterized one such cellular compartment in detail and they showed that the phosphodiesterase PDE3A2 isoform operates in a nuclear nano domain that involves SMAD4 and HDAC1. Inhibition of PDE3 resulted in an increased HDAC1 phosphorylation, which led to an inhibition of its deacetylase activity, and thus derepression of gene transcription and cardiac monocyte hypertrophic growth. These findings reveal a very unique mechanism that explains the negative long-term consequences observed in patients with heart failure treated with PDE3 inhibitors.   Cindy St. Hilaire:              The April 14th issue is our compendium on Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Complications in Chronic Kidney Disease. Dr Heidi Noels from the University of Aachen is our guest editor of the 11 articles in this issue. Chronic kidney disease is defined by kidney damage or a reduced kidney filtration function. Chronic kidney disease is a highly prevalent condition affecting over 13% of the population worldwide and its progressive nature has devastating effects on patient health. At the end stage of kidney disease, patients depend on dialysis or kidney transplantation for survival. However, less than 1% of CKD patients will reach this end stage of chronic kidney disease. Instead, most of them with moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease will prematurely die and most often they die from cardiovascular disease. And this highlights the extreme cardiovascular burden patients with CKD have.   The titles of the articles in this compendium are the Cardio Kidney Patient Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Therapy by Nicholas Marx, the Innate Immunity System in Patients with Cardiovascular and Kidney Disease by Carmine Zoccali et al. NETs Induced Thrombosis Impacts on Cardiovascular and Chronic Kidney disease by Yvonne Doering et al. Accelerated Vascular Aging and Chronic Kidney Disease, The Potential for Novel Therapies by Peter Stenvinkel et al. Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease by Heidi Noels et al. Cardiovascular Calcification Heterogeneity in Chronic Kidney Disease by Claudia Goettsch et al. Fibrosis in Pathobiology of Heart and Kidney From Deep RNA Sequencing to Novel Molecular Targets by Raphael Kramann et al. Cardiac Metabolism and Heart Failure and Implications for Uremic Cardiomyopathy by P. Christian Schulze et al. Hypertension as Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Chronic Kidney Disease by Michael Burnier et al. Role of the Microbiome in Gut, Heart, Kidney crosstalk by Griet Glorieux et al, and Use of Computation Ecosystems to Analyze the Kidney Heart Crosstalk by Joachim Jankowski et al.   These reviews were written by leading investigators in the field, and the editors of Circulation Research hope that this comprehensive undertaking stimulates further research into the path flow of physiological kidney-heart crosstalk, and on comorbidities and intra organ crosstalk in general.   Cindy St. Hilaire:              So for our interview portion of the episode I have with me Dr Elizabeth Tarling and Dr Bethan Clifford. And Dr Tarling is an associate professor in the Department of Medicine in cardiology at UCLA, and Dr Clifford is a postdoctoral fellow with the Tarling lab. And today we're going to be discussing their manuscript that's titled, RNF130 Regulates LDLR Availability and Plasma LDL Cholesterol Levels. So thank you both so much for joining me today.   Elizabeth Tarling:             Thank you for having us.   Bethan Clifford:               Yeah, thanks for having us. This is exciting.   Cindy St. Hilaire:              I guess first, Liz, how did you get into this line of research? I guess, before we get into that, I should disclose. Liz, we are friends and we've worked together in the ATVB Women's Leadership Committee. So full disclosure here, that being said, the editorial board votes on these articles, so it's not just me picking my friends. But it is great to have you here. So how did you enter this field, I guess, briefly?   Elizabeth Tarling:             Yeah, well briefly, I mean my training right from doing my PhD in the United Kingdom in the University of Nottingham has always been on lipid metabolism, lipoprotein biology with an interest in liver and cardiovascular disease. So broadly we've always been interested in this area and this line of research. And my postdoctoral research was on atherosclerosis and lipoprotein metabolism. And this project came about through a number of different unique avenues, but really because we were looking for regulators of LDL biology and plasma LDL cholesterol, that's sort of where the interest of the lab lies.   Cindy St. Hilaire:              Excellent. And Bethan, you came to UCLA from the UK. Was this a topic you were kind of dabbling in before or was it all new for you?   Bethan Clifford:               It was actually all completely new for me. So yeah, I did my PhD at the same university as Liz and when I started looking for postdocs, I was honestly pretty adamant that I wanted to stay clear away from lipids and lipid strategy. And then it wasn't until I started interviewing and meeting people and I spoke to Liz and she really sort of convinced me of the excitement and that the interest and all the possibilities of working with lipids and well now I won't go back, to be honest.   Cindy St. Hilaire:              And now here you are. Well-   Bethan Clifford:               Exactly.   Cindy St. Hilaire:              ... congrats on a wonderful study. So LDLR, so low density lipoprotein receptor, it's a major determinant of plasmid LDL cholesterol levels. And hopefully most of us know and appreciate that that is really a major contributor and a major risk for the development of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. And I think one thing people may not really appreciate, which your study kind of introduces and talks about nicely, is the role of the liver, right? And the role of receptor mediated endocytosis in regulating plasma cholesterol levels. And so before we kind of chat about the nitty-gritty of your study, could you just give us a brief summary of these key parts between plasma LDL, the LDL receptor and where it goes in your body?   Elizabeth Tarling:             Yeah. So the liver expresses 70% to 80% of the body's LDL receptor. So it's the major determinant of plasma lipoprotein plasma LDL cholesterol levels. And through groundbreaking work by Mike Brown and Joe Goldstein at the University of Texas, they really define this receptor mediated endocytosis by the liver and the LDL receptor by looking at patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. So those patients have mutations in the LDL receptor and they either express one functional copy or no functional copies of the LDL receptor and they have very, very large changes in plasma LDL cholesterol. And they have severe increases in cardiovascular disease risk and occurrence and diseases associated with elevated levels of cholesterol within the blood and within different tissues. And so that's sort of how the liver really controls plasma LDL cholesterol is through this receptor mediated endocytosis of the lipoprotein particle.   Cindy St. Hilaire:              There's several drugs now that can help regulate our cholesterol levels. So there's statins which block that rate limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis, but there's this new generation of therapies, the PCSK9 inhibitors. And can you just give us a summary or a quick rundown of what are those key differences really? What is the key mechanism of action that these therapies are going after and is there room for more improvement?   Bethan Clifford:               Yeah, sure. So I mean I think you've touched on something that's really key about the LDR receptor is that it's regulated at so many different levels. So we have medications available that target the production of cholesterol and then as you mentioned this newer generation of things like PCSK9 inhibitors that sort of try and target LDL at the point of clearance from the plasma.   And in response to your question of is there room for more regulation, I would say that given the sort of continual rate of increased cholesterol in the general population and the huge risks associated with elevated cholesterol, there's always capacity for more to improve that and sort of generally improve the health of the population. And what we sort of found particularly exciting about RNF130 is that it's a distinct pathway from any of these regulatory mechanisms. So it doesn't regulate the level of transcription, it doesn't regulate PCSK9. Or in response to PCSK9, it's a completely independent pathway that could sort of improve or add to changes in cholesterol.   Cindy St. Hilaire:              So your study, it's focusing on the E3 ligase, RNF130. What is an E3 ligase, and why was this particular one of interest to you? How did you come across it?   Elizabeth Tarling:             is predTates Bethan joining the lab. This is, I think, again for the listeners and those people in training, I think it's really important to note this project has been going in the lab for a number of years and has really... Bethan was the one who came in and really took charge and helped us round it out. But it wasn't a quick find or a quick story. It had a lot of nuances to it. But we were interested in looking for new regulators of LDL cholesterol and actually through completely independent pathways we had found the RNF130 locus as being associated with LDL cholesterol in animals. And then it came out in a very specific genome-wide association study in the African American care study, the NHLBI care study. And so really what we started looking at, we didn't even know what it was.   Elizabeth Tarling:             So we asked ourselves, well what is this gene? What is this protein? And it's RNF, so that's ring finger containing protein 130 and ring stands for really interesting new gene. Somebody came up with the glorious name. But proteins that contain this ring domain are very characteristic and they are E3 ubiquitin ligases. And so they conjugate the addition of ubiquitin to a target protein and that signals for that protein to either be internalized and/or degraded through different decorative pathways within the cell. And so we didn't land on it because we were looking at E3 ligases, we really came at it from an LDL cholesterol perspective. And it was something that we hadn't worked on before and the study sort of blossomed from there.   Cindy St. Hilaire:              That's amazing and a beautiful, but also, I'm sure, heartbreaking story because these long projects are just... They're bears. So what does this RNF130 do to LDLR? What'd you guys find?   Bethan Clifford:               As Liz said, this is a long process, but one of the key factors of RNF130 is it's structurally characteristically looked like E3 ligase. So the first thing that Liz did and then I followed up with in the lab is to see is this E3 ligase ubiquitinating in vitro. And if it is going to ubiquitinate, what's it likely to regulate that might cause changes in plasma cholesterol that would explain these human genetic links that we saw published at the same time.   And so because the LDL cholesterol is predominantly regulated by the LDL receptor and the levels of it at the surface of the parasites in the liver, the first question we wanted to see is does RNF130 interact in any way with that pathway? And I'm giving you the brief view here of the LDL receptor. We obviously tested lots of different receptors. We tested lots of different endocytose receptors and lipid regulators, but the LDL receptor is the one that we saw could be ubiquitinated by RNF130 in vitro. And so then we wanted to sort of go on from there and establish, okay, if this E3 ubiquitin ligase, is it regulating LDL receptor? What does that mean in an animal context in terms of regulating LDL cholesterol?   Cindy St. Hilaire:              Yeah, and I guess we should also explain, ubiquitination, in terms of this receptor, and I guess related to Goldstein and Brown and receptor mediated endocytosis, like what does that actually mean for the liver cell and the cholesterol in the LDLR that is binding the receptor?   Bethan Clifford:               So yes, ubiquitination is a really common regulatory mechanism actually across all sorts of different cells, all sorts of different receptors and proteins. And basically what it does is it signals for degradation of a protein. So a ubiquitin molecule is conjugated to its target such as in our case the LDL receptor and that ubiquitin tells the cell that this protein is ready for proteasomal degradation. And that's just one of the many things ubiquitination can do. It can also signal for a trafficking event, it can signal for a protein to protein interaction, but it's most commonly associated with the proteasomal degradation.     Cindy St. Hilaire:              So in terms of... I guess I'm thinking in terms of PCSK9, right? So those drugs are stemming from observations in humans, right? There were humans with gain and loss of function mutations, which caused either more or less of this LDLR receptor internalization. How is this RNF130 pathway different from the PCSK9 activities?   Elizabeth Tarling:             Yeah, so PCSK9 is a secreted protein, so it's made by hepatocyte and actually other cells in the body and it's secreted and it binds to the LDL particle, LDL receptor complex, and signals for its internalization and degradation in the proteasome. So this is not ubiquitination event, this is a completely different trafficking event. And so the RNF130, actually what Bethan showed, is it directly ubiquitinates the LDL receptor itself, signaling for an internalization event and then ultimately degradation of the LDR receptor through a decorative pathway, which we also define in the study.   So these are two unique mechanisms and actually some key studies that we did in the paper were to modulate RNF130 in animals that do not have PCSK9. And so in that system where in the absence of PCSK9 you have a lot of LDR receptor in the liver that's internalizing cholesterol. What happens when you overexpress RNF130? Do you still regulate at the LDL receptor? And you absolutely do. And so that again suggests that they're two distinct mechanisms and two distinct pathways.   Cindy St. Hilaire:              That was one thing I really loved about your paper is every kind of figure or section, the question that would pop up in my head, even ones that didn't pop in my head were beautifully answered with some of these really nice animal models, which is never an easy thing, right? And so one of the things that you brought up was difficulty in making one of the animal models. And so I'm wondering if you could share a little bit for that challenge. I think one thing that we always tend to hide is just science is hard and a lot of what we do doesn't work. And I really think especially for the trainees and really everyone out there, if we kind of share these things more, it's better. So what was one of the most challenging things in this study? And I guess I'm thinking about that floxed animal.   Elizabeth Tarling:             Yeah, so I'll speak a bit about that and then I'll let Bethan address because she was really the one on the ground doing a lot of the struggles. But again, we actually weren't going to include this information in the paper. And upon discussion and actually prompted by the reviewers of the paper and some of the questions that they asked us, we realized, you know what? It's actually really important to show this and show that this happens and that there are ways around it.   And so the first story is before Bethan even arrived in the lab, we had purchased embryonic stem cells that were knockout first condition already. And so this is a knockout strategy in which the exon of interest is flanked with lots of P sites so that you can create a flox animal, but also so you can create a whole body knockout just by the insertion of this knockout first cassette.   Elizabeth Tarling:             And so we got those mice actually in the first year of Bethan joining the lab. We finally got the chimeric mice and we were able to stop reading those mice. And at the same time we tried to generate our flox animals so that we could move on to do tissue-specific studies. And Bethan can talk about the pain associated with this. But over two years of breeding, we never got the right genotypes from the different crosses that you need to do to generate the flox animal.   And it was actually in discussions with Bethan where we decided we need to go back. We need to go back to those ESLs that we purchased five years ago and we need to figure out if all of the elements that the quality control step had told us were in place are actually present. And so Bethan went back and sequenced the whole locus and the cassette to figure out what pieces were present and we found that one of the essential locks P sites that's required for every single cross from the initial animal was absent and therefore we could actually never make the mouse we wanted to make.   And so that's sort of just a lesson for people going down that route and making these tools that we need in the lab to answer these questions is that despite paying extra money and getting all of the sort of QCs that you can get before you receive the ESLs, we should have gone back and done our own housekeeping and sort of a long journey told us when we went back that we didn't have what we thought we had at the beginning. And that was a real sticking point as Bethan can-   Cindy St. Hilaire:              Yeah. And so you know you're not alone. My very first postdoc that I did, I went with a mouse that they had also bought and were guaranteed that it was a knockout and it was not. And it is a painful lesson, but it is critical to... You get over it.   So Bethan, maybe you can also tell us a little bit about what are the other kind of next things you tried? You pivoted and you pivoted beautifully because all the models you used I thought were quite elegant in terms of exactly asking the question you wanted to ask in the right cells. So can you maybe explain some of the in vivo models you used for this study?   Bethan Clifford:               Sure, there are definitely a lot. So I mean I think Liz sort of encapsulated the trouble we have with the knockout really succinctly, but actually I want to just take this moment to sort of shout out to another postdoc in the Tarling lab, Kelsey Jarrett, who was really instrumental in the pivoting to a different model. So for the knockouts when we sort of established we didn't have exactly what we thought we did and then to compound that we also weren't getting the DeLiAn ratios breeding this whole body knockout.   We wanted to sort of look at a more transient knockout model. And that's where Kelsey really stepped in and sort of led the way and she generated AAV-CRISPR for us to target RNF130 specifically in the liver. And that had the added beauty of, one, not requiring breeding to get over this hurdle of the knockout being somewhat detrimental to breeding. But it also allowed us to ask the question of what RNF130 is doing specifically in the liver where the liver regulates LDL receptor and LDL cholesterol.   And so that was one of the key models that really, really helped get this paper over the finish line. But we did a whole barrage of experiments, as you've seen. We wanted to make sure... One of the key facets of the Tarling lab is whenever you do anything, no matter what you show Liz, it will always be, "Okay, you showed it to me one way, now show it to me a different way." Can you get the same result coming at it from different ways? And if you can't, why is that? What is the regulation behind that? And so that's really what the paper is doing is asking the same question in as many ways as we can accurately and appropriately probe what RNF130 does to the LDR receptor.   So we tried gain of function studies without adenovirus overexpression. We tried transient knockdown with antisense oligonucleotides, and then we did, as I said, the AAV-CRISPR knockdown with the help of Kelsey and our whole body knockout. And then we also repeated some of these studies such as the adenovirus and the ASO in specific genetic backgrounds. So in the absence of PCSK9, can we still regulate the LDL receptor? And then we also, just to really confirm this, in the absence of the LDL receptor, do we see a difference? And the answer is no, because this effect was really dependent on that LDL receptor being present. So there was a big combination.   Cindy St. Hilaire:              It was really nice, really a beautiful step-wise progression of how to solidly answer this question. But a lot of, I think, almost all you did was in mice. And so what is the genetic evidence for relevancy in humans? Can you discuss a little bit about those databases that you then went to to investigate, is this relevant in humans?   Bethan Clifford:               I think Liz might be better off answering that question.   Elizabeth Tarling:             And I think this sort of pivots on what Bethan was saying. So when we had struggles in the lab, it was a team environment and a collaboration between people in the lab that allowed us to make that leap and make those next experiments possible to then really answer that question. And to be able to include the antisense oligonucleotides required a collaboration with industry. We were very lucky to have a longstanding collaboration with Ionis, who provided the antisense oligonucleotides.   And for the human genetics side of things, that also was a collaboration with Marcus Seldin, who was a former postdoc with Jake Lusis and is now our PI at UC Irvine. And what he helped us do is dive into those summary level databases and ask from that initial study in the NHLBI care population, do we see associations of RNF130 expression in humans with LDL cholesterol with cardiovascular outcomes. And so one database which I would recommend everybody use, it's publicly available, is the StarNet database. And it's in the paper and the website is there. And that allowed us to search for RNF130.   Elizabeth Tarling:             And what it does is it asks how RNF130 expression in different tissues is associated with cardiometabolic outcomes and actual in CAD cases and controls, so people with and without heart disease. And we found that expression of RNF130 in the liver was extremely strongly correlated with the occurrence of cardiovascular disease in people with CAD. So in cases versus controls. And then we were also able to find many other polymorphisms in the RNF130 locus that were associated with LDL cholesterol in multiple different studies.   And I think the other message from this paper is this, unlike PCSK9 and unlike LDR receptor itself, which are single gene mutations that cause cardiovascular disease, there are many sub genome-wide significant loci that contribute to this multifactorial disease, which is extremely complex. And I think RNF130 falls within that bracket that those sort of just on the borderline of being genome-wide significant still play significant biological roles in regulating these processes. And they don't come up as a single gene hit for a disease, but combinatorialy they are associated with increased risk of disease and they have a molecular mechanism that's associated with the disease. And so that's what Marcus helped us do in terms of the human genetics is really understand that and get down to that level of data.   Cindy St. Hilaire:              Yeah. Yeah, it really makes you want to go back and look at those. Everyone always focuses on that really high peak and those analyses, but what are all those other ones above the noise, right? So it's really important.   Elizabeth Tarling:             I think it's really hard to do that. I think that's one where people... Again, it comes down to team science and the group of people that we brought together allowed us to ask that molecular question about how that signal was associated with the phenotype. I think by ourselves we wouldn't have been able to do it.   Cindy St. Hilaire:              Yeah. So your antisense oligonucleotide experiments, they were really nice. They showed, I think it was a four-week therapy, they showed that when you injected them expression of RNF130 went down by 90%. I think cholesterol in the animals was lowered by 50 points or so. Is this kind of a next viable option? And I guess related to that, cholesterol's extremely important for everything, right? Cell membrane integrity, our neurons, all sorts of things. Is it possible with something that is perhaps really as powerful as this to make cholesterol too low?   Elizabeth Tarling:             I think that what we know from PCSK9 gain and loss of function mutations is that you can drop your plasma cholesterol to very low levels and still be okay because there are people walking around with mutations that do that. I think RNF130 is a little different in that it's clearly regulatory in a homeostatic function in that it's ubiquitously expressed and it has this role in the liver to regulate LDL receptor availability, but there are no homozygous loss of function mutants people walking around, which tells us something else about how important it is in potentially other tissues and in other pathways. And we've only just begun to uncover what those roles might be.   So I think that as a therapy, it has great potential. We need to do a lot more studies to sort of move from rodent models into more preclinical models. But I do think that the human data tell us that it's really important in other places too. And so yeah, we need to think about how best it might work as a therapy. If it's combinatorial, if it's dosed. Those are the types of things that we need to think about.   Cindy St. Hilaire:              Yeah, it's really exciting. Do you know, are there other protein targets of RNF130? Is that related to my next question of what is next?   Elizabeth Tarling:             I mean, so I should point out, so Bethan unfortunately left the lab last year for a position at Amgen where she's working on obesity and metabolic disease. But before she left, she did two very, very cool experiments searching for new targets or additional targets of RNF130. Starting in the liver, but hopefully we'll move those into other tissues. And so she did gain of function RNF130 versus what loss of function we have of RNF130, and she did specific mass spec analysis of proteins that are ubiquitinated in those different conditions. And by overlaying those data sets, we're hoping to carve out new additional targets of RNF130. And there are some, and they're in interesting pathways, which we have yet to completely test, but definitely there are additional pathways, at least when you overexpress and reduce expression. Now, whether they turn out to be, again, bonafide in vivo, actual targets that are biologically meaningful is sort of the next step.   Cindy St. Hilaire:              Yeah. Well, I'm sure with your very rigorous approach, you are going to find out and hopefully we'll see it here in the future. Dr Elizabeth Tarling and Dr Bethan Clifford, thank you so much for joining me today. I really enjoyed this paper. It's a beautiful study. I think it's a beautiful example, especially for trainees about kind of thoroughly and rigorously going through and trying to test your hypothesis. So thanks again.   Elizabeth Tarling:             Thank you.   Bethan Clifford:               Thank you very much.   Cindy St. Hilaire:              That's it for the highlights from the March 31st and April 14th issues of Circulation Research. Thank you for listening. Please check out the Circulation Research Facebook page and follow us on Twitter and Instagram with the handle @CircRes, and #DiscoverCircRes. Thank you to our guests, Dr Liz Tarling and Dr Bethan Clifford.   This podcast is produced by Ishara Ratnayaka, edited by Melissa Stoner, and supported by the editorial team of Circulation Research. I'm your host, Dr Cindy St. Hilaire, and this is Discover CircRes, you're on-the-go source for the most exciting discoveries in basic cardiovascular research.   This program is copyright of the American Heart Association 2022. The opinions expressed by speakers in this podcast are their own, and not necessarily those of the editors or of the American Heart Association. For more information, visit ahajournals.org.  

Lauren Phillips is the Chief Product Officer of BioBox Analytics, a techbio startup company for biological data analysis. Lauren attended Toronto Metropolitan University, where she earned her Bachelor of Science in the Biomedical Science program. With an interest in medicine and research, Lauren became interested in paediatric brain cancer research, which led her to her Master of Science degree at the University of Toronto for Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology. During her master's, Lauren met the co-founders of BioBox and joined the techbio start-up with the mission to help scientists with their biological data. As CPO, Lauren is responsible for designing and testing the software features, as well as communicating with clients' needs and relaying feedback to the BioBox team.   In this conversation, Lauren gives us an inside perspective on what it's like working in a startup. She discusses the many opportunities within the field of biology and how it has led to her current role. Lauren explains what the CPO position entails and how it brings in a diverse skillset from scientific research, design, communications, and even psychology. BioBox Analytics Website: https://biobox.io/BioBox Social Media: @BioboxanalyticsBioTechTO: https://biotechto.com/ Produced by Ment Projects. Follow us on @mentprojects on all social media platforms for updates and more mentorship resources. Visit our website to learn more about our mission and services.  Episode transcript 

We hope you enjoy this conversation between Lesley Moser and previous AASRP Emerging Leader, Mike Pesato. Dr. Pesato is the current chair of the College Liaison Committee for AASRP and an assistant clinical professor in the Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine at Mississippi State University's College of Veterinary Medicine. As you will appreciate, he is a passionate small ruminant practitioner and educator of veterinary students. In this episode, Dr. Pesato tells us more about the AASRP Student Symposium, an exciting opportunity for students to gain insight into small ruminant and camelid practice from clinicians in the private and public sectors. If you have any questions about this episode, the 2023 AASRP Student Symposium, or opportunities to get involved in AASRP, feel free to contact us: AASRP website: aasrp.orgAnn DiPastina, DVMann.dipastina@gmail.comLesley Moser, DVMtrmvetc@gmail.com

In this week's episode we will first review a new clinical trial evidence that for patients with sickle cell anemia in resource limited settings, both low and moderate dose hydroxyurea are effective for secondary stroke prevention. Next, a research article showing how secreted mutant calreticulin functions as a “rogue cytokine” in myeloproliferative neoplasms, acting in a paracrine manner to promote growth of nearby tumor cells. Finally, we'll review new research on the pathobiology of adult and pediatric Burkitt lymphoma. With the help of whole-genome sequencing, investigators unraveled distinct subgroups, which may provide a new framework for epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of these lymphomas.

Dr. Iyad Alnahhas interviews Dr. David Gutmann about the review entitled "T lymphocytes as dynamic regulators of glioma pathobiology", published online in Neuro-Oncology in March 2022.   Read paper

Featuring an interview with Dr Ruben Mesa, including the following topics: Managing myelofibrosis (MF) before the availability of ruxolitinib (0:00) Pathobiology and mutational profile of MF (7:33) Matching treatments to individual patients with MF (13:25) Case: A man in his early 70s with MF and worsening anemia (17:13) Case: A man in his late 60s initially diagnosed with polycythemia vera now with MF requiring therapy (23:15) Case: A woman in her mid 60s with MF that has a suboptimal response to first-line JAK inhibitor therapy (30:25) Efficacy and safety of novel agents and strategies for MF (35:40) CME information and select publications

https://psychiatry.dev/wp-content/uploads/speaker/post-10910.mp3?cb=1669144551.mp3 Playback speed: 0.8x 1x 1.3x 1.6x 2x Download: The Behavioral Mapping of Psychomotor Slowing in Psychosis Demonstrates Heterogeneity Among Patients Suggesting Distinct Pathobiology – Niluja Nadesalingam et al. Schizophrenia Bulletin.Full EntryThe Behavioral Mapping of Psychomotor Slowing in Psychosis Demonstrates Heterogeneity Among Patients Suggesting Distinct Pathobiology –

This week on the show, Petrendologist Charlotte Reed and Michael Fleck, DVM, talk with Heather Zabiecki of Brown Heating & Cooling about the importance of cleaning air ducts and maintaining our HVAC systems; and with Dr. Scott Weese, professor in the Department of Pathobiology at U of G's Ontario Veterinary College (OVC) and the director of the Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses (CPHAZ), about his research on the transmission of COVID-19 between humans and animals.

Drs Vallerie McLaughlin and Paul Forfia discuss the diagnosis of PAH. What are the causes and why does it take so long? Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape.com (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/968546). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertiser. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals. Resources Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/303098-overview The 'Great Wait' for Diagnosis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/resp.13814 Systemic Consequences of Pulmonary Hypertension and Right-Sided Heart Failure https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.022362 Management of Coronary Artery Disease and Chronic Stable Angina https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/881468 What Is Myocardial Ischemia? https://www.medscape.com/answers/352401-192899/what-is-myocardial-ischemia Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/297664-overview Group 4 Pulmonary Hypertension https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500057-overview Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Connective Tissue Disorders: Pathophysiology and Treatment https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6405825 Scleroderma https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/331864-overview Pulmonary Hypertension Phenotypes in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis https://err.ersjournals.com/content/30/161/210053.long Mixed Connective-Tissue Disease (MCTD) https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/335815-overview Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332244-overview Sjogren Syndrome https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332125-overview Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Patients Infected With the Human Immunodeficiency Virus https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0733865121000679?via%3Dihub Portal Hypertension https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/182098-overview Liver Abnormalities in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8544777/ Pulmonary Hypertension in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0733865121000692?via%3Dihub Atrial Septal Defect https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/162914-overview Anorexigens and Pulmonary Hypertension in the United States https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012-3692(15)32749-5 Methamphetamine and the Risk of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6880795/ Echocardiography in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Comprehensive Evaluation and Technical Considerations https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8348437/pdf/jcm-10-03229.pdf Echocardiography https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1820912-overview Echocardiography Can Identify Patients With Increased Pulmonary Vascular Resistance by Assessing Pressure Reflection in the Pulmonary Circulation https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/circimaging.109.913467 Pulmonary Resistance https://reference.medscape.com/calculator/189/pulmonary-resistance Right Heart Adaptation to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Physiology and Pathobiology https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109713058701?via%3Dihub RV Systolic Pressure (TR Jet) https://reference.medscape.com/calculator/200/rv-systolic-pressure-tr-jet Modified Bernoulli Formula https://reference.medscape.com/calculator/150/modified-bernoulli-equation Limitations and Strengths of Doppler/Echo Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure-Right Heart Catheterization Correlations: A Systematic Literature Review https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/echo.12594

This month on Episode 36 of Discover CircRes, host Cynthia St. Hilaire highlights original research articles featured in the April 29 and May 13 issues of Circulation Research. This episode also features a conversation with Dr Patricia Nguyen and Jessica D'Addabbo from Stanford University about their study, Human Coronary Plaque T-cells are Clonal and Cross-React to Virus and Self.   Article highlights:   Zanoli, et al. COVID-19 and Vascular Aging   Wang, et al. JP2NT Gene Therapy in a Mouse Heart Failure Mode   Harraz, et al. Piezo1 Is a Mechanosensor in CNS Capillaries   Zhao, et al. BAT sEVs in Exercise Cardioprotection   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Hi, and welcome to Discover CircRes, the podcast of the American Heart Association's journal, Circulation Research. I'm your host, Dr Cyndy St. Hilaire, from the Vascular Medicine Institute at the University of Pittsburgh. And today, I'll be highlighting the articles from our April 29th and May 13th issues of Circulation Research. I also will speak with Dr Patricia Nguyen and Jessica D'Addabbo from Stanford University about their study, Human Coronary Plaque T-cells are Clonal and Cross-React to Virus and Self.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        The first article I want to share is titled Vascular Dysfunction of COVID 19 Is Partially Reverted in the Long-Term. The first author is Agostino Gaudio and the corresponding author is Luca Zanoli. And they're from the University of Catania. Cardiovascular complications, such as endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, thrombosis and heart disease are common in COVID 19. But how quickly such issues resolve, once the acute phase of the illness has passed, remains unclear. To find out, this group examined aortic and brachial pulse wave velocity, and other measures of arterial stiffness in 90 people who, several months earlier, had been hospitalized with COVID 19. These measurements were compared with data from 180 controls, matched for age, sex, ethnicity and body mass index, whose arterial stiffness had been assessed prior to the pandemic. 41 of the COVID patients were also examined 27 weeks later to assess any changes in arterial stiffness over time. Together, the data showed arterial stiffness was higher in COVID patients than in controls. And though it improved over time, it tended to remain higher than normal for almost a year after COVID.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        This finding could suggest residual structural damage to the arterial walls or possibly, persistent low-grade inflammation in COVID patients. Either way, since arterial stiffness is a predictor of cardiovascular health, its potential longterm effects in COVID patients deserves further longitudinal studies.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        The second article I want to share is titled Gene Therapy with the N-Terminus of Junctophilin-2 Improves Heart Failure in Mice. The first author is Jinxi Wang and the corresponding author is Long-Sheng Song from the University of Iowa. Junctophilin-2 is a protein with a split personality. Normally, it forms part of the heart's excitation contraction coupling machinery. But when the heart is stressed, JP2 literally splits in two, and sends its N-terminal domain, JP2NT, to the nucleus, where it suppresses transcription of genes involved in fibrosis, hypertrophy, inflammation and other heart failure related processes. However, if this stress is severe or sustained, the protective action of JP2NT is insufficient to halt the progressive failure. This group asked. "What if this N-terminal domain could be ramped up using gene therapy to aid a failing mouse heart?"   Cindy St. Hilaire:        To answer this question, they injected adenoviral vectors encoding JP2NT into mice either before or soon after transaortic constriction, or TAC, tack, which is a method of experimentally inducing heart failure. They found, in both cases, that the injected animals fared better than the controls. Animals injected before TAC showed less severe cardiac remodeling than control mice, while those treated soon after TAC exhibited slower loss of heart function with reduced ventricle dilation and fibrosis. These data suggest that supplementing JP2NT, via gene therapy or other means, could be a promising strategy for treating heart failure. And this data provides a basis for future translational studies.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        The third article I want to share is titled Piezo1 Is a Mechanosensor Channel in Central Nervous System Capillaries. The first and corresponding author is Osama Harraz from the University of Vermont. Neurovascular coupling is the process whereby transient activation of neurons leads to an upsurge in local blood flow to accommodate the increased metabolic needs of the cell. It's known that agents released from active neurons trigger changes in local capillaries that prompt vasodilation, but how these hemodynamic changes are sensed and controlled is not entirely clear. This group suspected that the mechanosensory protein Piezo1, a calcium channel that regulates dilation and constriction of other blood vessels, may be involved. But whether Piezo1 is even found in the microcirculation of the CNS was unknown. This group shows that Piezo1 is present in cortical capillaries of the brain and the retina of the mouse, and that it responds to changes in blood pressure and flow.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Ex vivo preparations of mouse retina showed that experimentally induced changes in hemodynamics caused calcium transients and related currents within capillary endothelial cells, and that these were dependent on the presence of Piezo1. While it is not entirely clear how Piezo1 influences cerebral blood flow, its pressure induced activation of CNS capillary endothelial cells suggest a critical role in neurovascular coupling.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        The last article I want to share is titled Small Extracellular Vesicles from Brown Adipose Tissue Mediate Exercise Cardioprotection. The first authors are Hang Zhao and Xiyao Chen. And the corresponding authors are Fuyang Zhang and Ling Tao from the Fourth Military Medical University. Regular aerobic exercise is good for the heart and it increases the body's proportion of brown adipose tissue relative to white adipose tissue. This link has led to the idea that brown fat, possibly via its endocrinal activity, might somehow contribute to exercise related cardioprotection. Zhao and colleagues now show that, indeed, brown fat produces extracellular vesicles that are key to preserving heart health. While mice subjected to four weeks of aerobic exercise were better protected against subsequent heart injury than their sedentary counterparts, blocking the production of EVs prior to exercise significantly impaired this protection. Furthermore, injection of brown fat derived EVs into the hearts of mice lessened the impact of subsequent cardiac injury.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        The team went on to identify micro RNAs within the vesicles responsible for this protection, showing that the micro RNAs suppressed an apoptosis pathway in cardiomyocytes. In identifying mechanisms and molecules involved in exercise related cardio protection, the work will inform the development of exercise mimicking treatments for people at risk of heart disease or who are intolerant to exercise.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Lastly, I want to bring up that the April 29th issue of Circulation Research also contains a short Review Series on pulmonary hypertension, with articles on: The Latest in Animal Models of Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Failure, by Olivier Boucherat; Harnessing Big Data to Advance Treatment and Understanding of Pulmonary Hypertension, by Christopher Rhodes and colleagues; New Mutations and Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Hypertension: Progress and Puzzles in Disease Pathogenesis, by Christophe Guignabert and colleagues; Group 3 Pulmonary Hypertension From Bench to Bedside, by Corey Ventetuolo and colleagues; and Novel Approaches to Imaging the Pulmonary Vasculature and Right Heart, by Sudarshan Rajagopal and colleagues; and Understanding the Pathobiology of Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease, by Jessica Huston and colleagues.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Today, Dr Patricia Nguyen and Jessica D'Addabbo, from Sanford University, are with me to discuss their study, Human Coronary Plaque T-cells are Clonal and Cross-React to Virus and Self. And this article is in our May 13th issue of Circulation Research. So, Trisha and Jessica, thank you so much for joining me today.   Jessica D'Addabbo:    Thank you for having us.   Patricia Nguyen:         Yes. Thank you for inviting us to your podcast. We're very excited to be here.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Yeah. And I know there's lots of authors involved in this study, so unfortunately we can't have everyone join us, but I appreciate you all taking the time.   Patricia Nguyen:         This is like a humongous effort by many people in the group, including Roshni Roy Chowdhury, and Xianxi Huang, as well as Charles Chan and Mark Davis. So, we thank you.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        So atherosclerosis, it stems from lipid deposition in the vascular wall. And that lipid deposition causes a whole bunch of things to happen that lead to a chronic inflammatory state. And there's many cells that can be inflammatory. And this study, your study, is really focusing on the role of T-cells in the atherosclerotic plaque. So, before we get into the nitty gritty details of your study, can you share with us, what is it that a T-cell does normally and what is it doing in a plaque? Or rather, let me rephrase that as, what did we know a T-cell was doing in a plaque before your study?   Patricia Nguyen:         So, T-cells, as you know, are members of the adaptive immune system. They are the master regulators of the entire immune system, secreting cytokines and other proteins to attract immune cells to a diseased portion of the body, for example. T-cells have been characterized in plaque previously, mainly with immunohisto chemistry. And their characterization has also been recently performed using single cell technologies. Those studies have been restricted to mainly mirroring studies, studies in mice in their aortic walls, in addition to human carotid arteries. So, it is well known that T cells are found in plaque and a lot of attention has been given to the macrophage subset as the innate immune D. But let's not forget the T-cell because they're actually composed about... 50% in the plaque are T-cells.   Patricia Nguyen:         And we were particularly interested in the T-cell population because we have a strong collaboration with Dr Mark Davis, who's actually the pioneer of T-cell biology and was the first to describe the T-cell receptor alpha beta receptor in his lab in the 1970s. So, he has developed many techniques to interrogate T-cell biology. And our collaboration with him has allowed us and enabled us to perform many of these single cell technologies. In addition, his colleague, Dr Chen, also was pivotal in helping us with the interrogation and understanding of the T-cells in plaque.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        And I think one of the really neat strengths of your study is that you used human coronary artery plaques. So, could you walk us through? What was that like? I collect a lot of human tissue in my lab. I get a lot of aortic valves from the clinic. And it's a lot of logistics. And a lot of times, we're just fixing them, but you are not just fixing them. So, can you walk us through? What was that experimental process from the patient to the Petri dish? And also, could you tell us a little bit about your patient population that you sampled from?   Jessica D'Addabbo:    So, these were coronary arteries that we got from patients receiving a heart transplant. So, they were getting a heart transplant for various reasons, and we would receive their old heart, and someone would help us dissect out the coronary arteries from these. And then, we would process each of these coronary arteries separately. And this happened at whatever hour the hearts came out of the patient.   Jessica D'Addabbo:    So sometime, I was coming in at 3:00 AM with Dr Nguyen and we would be working on these hearts then, because we wanted the samples to be as fresh as possible. So, we would get the arteries. We would digest out the tissue. And then, we would have certain staining profiles that we wanted to look at so that we could put the cells on fax to be able to sort the cells, and then do all the downstream sequencing from there.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        So, in terms of, I don't know, the time when you get that phone call that a heart's coming in to actually getting those single cells that you can either send a fax or send a sequencing, how long did that take, on a good day? Let's talk only about good days.   Jessica D'Addabbo:    Yeah. A lot of factors went into that, sometimes depending on availability of things. But usually, we were ready with all of the materials in advance. So, I'd say it could be anywhere from six to 12 hours, it would take, to get everything sorted. Then, everything after that would happen. But that was just that critical period of making sure we got the cells fresh.   Patricia Nguyen:         So we have to credit the CT surgeons at Stanford for setting up the program or the structure, infrastructure, that enables us to obtain this precious tissue. That is Jack Boyd and Joseph Woo of CT surgery. So, they have enabled human research on hearts by making these tissues available. Because as you know, a transplant... They can say the transplant's happening at 12:00 AM, but it actually doesn't happen until 4:00 AM. And I think it's very difficult for a lab to make that happen all the time. And I think having their support in this paper was critical. And this has allowed us, enabled us, to interrogate kind of the spectrum of disease, especially focusing on T-cells, which are... They make a portion of the plaque, but the plaque itself has not like a million cells that are immune. A lot of them are not immune. So, enabling us to get the tissue in a timely fashion where they're not out of the body for more than 30 minutes enables us to interrogate these small populations of cells.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        That's actually the perfect segue to my next question, which is, how many cells in a plaque were you able to investigate with the single cell analysis? And what was the percentage again of the T-cells in those plaques or in... I guess you looked at different phases of plaque. So, what was that spectrum for the percentage of T-cells?   Patricia Nguyen:         So, for 10X, for example, you need a minimum of 10,000 captured cells. You could do less, but the utility of the 10X is maximized with 10,000. So, many times before the ability to multiplex these tissues, we were doing like capturing 5,000 for example. And the number of cells follows kind of the disease progression, in the sense that as a disease is more severe, you have more immune cells, in general. And it kind of decreases as it becomes more fibrotic and scarred, like calcified. So, it was a bit challenging to get very early just lipid-only cells. And a lot of those, we captured like 3000 or something like that. And efficiency is like 80% perhaps. So, you kind of capture…   Cindy St. Hilaire:        And also, how many excised hearts are going to have early athero? So, it's...   Patricia Nguyen:         Well, there are... nonischemics will have...   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Oh, okay. Okay.   Patricia Nguyen:         So, the range was nonischemic to ischemic.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Oh great.   Patricia Nguyen:         So, about a portion... I would say one third of the total heart transplants were ischemic. And a lot of them were non ischemic. But as you know, the nonischemic can mix with ischemia. And so, they could have mild to moderate disease in the other arteries, for example, but not severe like 70%/90% obstruction.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Wow. That's so great. That's amazing. Amazing sample size you have. So T-cell, it's kind of an umbrella term, right? There's many different types of T-cells. And when you start to get in the nitty gritty, they really do have distinct functions. So, what types of T-cells did you see and did you focus on in this study?   Jessica D'Addabbo:    So, the two main types of T-cells are CD4 positive T-cells and CD8 positive T-cells. And we looked at both of these T-cells from patients. We usually sorted multiple plates from each. And then, with 10X, we captured both. But our major finding was actually that the CD8 positive t-cell population was more clonally expanded than the CD4 population, which led us to believe that these cells were more important in the coronary artery disease progression and in the study that we were doing because for a cell to be clonally expanded, it means it was previously exposed to an antigen. And so, if we're finding these T-cells that are clonally expanded in our plaques, then we're hypothesizing that they were likely exposed to some sort of antigen, and then expanded, and then settled into the plaque.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        And when you're saying expansion, are you talking about them being exposed to the antigen in the plaque and expanding there? Or do you think they're being triggered in the periphery and then honing in as a more clonal population?   Patricia Nguyen:         So, that's a great question. And unfortunately, I don't have the answer to that. So basically-   Jessica D'Addabbo:    Next paper, next paper.   Patricia Nguyen:         Exactly. So, we... Interesting to expand on Jessica's answer. Predominantly what was found, as you said, was memory T-cells, so memory T-cells expressing specific markers, so memory versus naive. And these were effector T-cells. And memory meaning they were previously expanded by antigen engagement, and just happened to be in the plaque for whatever reason. We do not know why T-cells specifically are attracted to the plaque, but they are obviously there. And they're in a memory state, if you will. And some of them did display activation markers, which suggested that they clonally expanded to an antigen. What that antigen is, is the topic of another paper. But certainly, it is important to understand that these patients that we recruit, because they were transplant patients, they're not actively infected, right? That is a exclusionary criteria for transplants, right?   Patricia Nguyen:         So, that means these T-cells were there for unclear reasons. Why they're there is unclear. Whether they are your resident T-cells also is unclear, because the definition of resident T-cell still remains controversial. And you actually have to do lineage tracking studies to find out, "Okay, where... Did they come from the bone marrow? Did they come from the periphery? How did they get there?" Versus, "Okay. They were already there and they just expanded, for whatever reason, inside the plaque."   Cindy St. Hilaire:        So, your title... It was a great title, with this provocative statement, "T-cells are clonal and cross react to virus and self." So, tell us a little bit more about this react to virus and self bit. What did your data show?   Jessica D'Addabbo:    So, because of the way we sequenced the T-cell receptor, we were able to have paired alpha and beta chains. And because we knew the HLA type of the patients, we were able to put the sequences that we got out after we sequenced these through an algorithm called GLIPH, which allows us to look at the CDR3 region of the T cell receptor, which is the epitope binding region. And there are certain peptide. They're about anywhere from three to four amino acids long. These are mapped to certain binding specificities to known peptides. And so, basically, we were able to look at which epitopes were most common in our plaques. And we found that after comparing these to other epitopes, that these were actually more binding to virus. Patricia Nguyen:         So let me add to what Jessica stated, and kind of emphasize the value of the data set, if you will. So, this is, I believe, the first study that provides the complete TCR repertoire of coronary plaque, and actually any plaque that I know of, which is special because we know that there is specificity of TCR binding. It's more complicated than the antibody that binds directly from B cells to the antigen, because the T-cells bind processed antigen. So, the antigens are processed by antigen presenting cells like Dendritic cells and macrophages. And they have a specific HLA MHC class that they need to present to. And they need both arms, the antigen epitope and the MHC, to activate the T-cell. So unfortunately, it's not very direct to find the antigen that is actually activating the T-cell because we're only given a piece of it. Right?            Patricia Nguyen:         But we have provided a comprehensive map of all the TCRs that we find in the plaque. And these TCRs have a sequence, an immuno acid sequence. And luckily, in the literature, there is a database of all TCR specificities. Okay. So, armed with our TCR repertoire, we can then match our TCR repertoire with an existing database of known TCR specificities. Surprisingly, the matching TCRs are specific to virus, like flu, EBV and CMB. And also, because this was done in the era of COVID, we thought it would be important to look at the coronavirus database. We did find that there were matches to the coronavirus database. Even though our finding is not specific to SARS, it does lend to some potential mechanistic link there as well.   So, because this is all computational, it is important to validate. So, the importance of validation requires us to put the TCR alpha beta chain into a Jurkat cell, which is a T-cell line that does not have alpha beta chains on it, and then expose it to what we think is the cognate antigen epitote, with the corresponding HLA MHC APC. Because you don't have all those pieces, it will not work. Yes. So importantly, we did find that what we predicted to have the specificity of a flu peptide had specificity to a flu peptide.   Patricia Nguyen:         So then, the important question was, "Okay, these patients aren't infected, right? Why are these things here? Is there a potential cross reactivity with self peptides?"   Patricia Nguyen:         So luckily, our collaborator, Dr Charles Chan, was able to connect us with another computational algorithm that he was familiar with, whereby we were able to take the peptide sequences from the flu and match them with peptide sequencing from proteins that are self and ubiquitous. And we demonstrated, again, these T-cells were activated in vitro. That is why we concluded that there's a potential cross reactivity between self and virus that can potentially lead to thrombosis associated with viral infections. Of course, this all needs to be proved in vivo.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Sure, sure.   Patricia Nguyen:         It's that first step for other things.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        The other big immune cell that we know is in atherosclerotic plaques and that's macrophages. And they can help to present antigens and things like that. And they also help to chew up the necrotic bits. And so, do you think that this T-cell component is an earlier, maybe disease driving, process or an adaptive process that goes awry as a secondary event? Patricia Nguyen:         So, I'm a fan of the T-cell. So... I'm with team T cell. I would like to think that it is playing an active role in pathology in this case and not a reactive role, in the sense of just being there. I think that the T-cell is actively communicating with other cells within the plaque, and promoting pro fibrotic and pro inflammatory reactions, depending on the T-cell. So, a subset of this paper was looking at kind of the interactions between the T-cell and other cells within the plaque, like macrophages and smooth muscle cells. And as we know, T-cells are activated and they produce cytokines. Those cytokines then communicate to other cells. And we found that, computationally, when you look at the transcriptome, there is a pro-inflammatory signature of the T-cell that resides in the more complex stage. And then, there's an anti-inflammatory signature that kind of resides in the transition between lipid and fibro atheroma, if you will.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        So, do you know, or is it known, how dynamic these populations are? Obviously, the hearts that you got, the samples you got, didn't have active infections. But do you know perhaps even how long ago they happened, or even how soon after there might be an infection or an antigen presented that you could get this expansion? And could that be a real driver of rupture or thrombosis?   Patricia Nguyen:         So, in theory, you would suppose that T-cells expanding and dividing and producing more and more cytokines would then lead to more macrophages coming, more of their production of proteinases that destroy the plaque. Right? So yes, in theory, yes. I think it's very difficult to kind of map the progression of T cell clonality in the current model that we have, because we're just collecting tissues. However, in the future, as organoids become more in science and kind of a primary tissue, where we can... For example, Mark Davis is making organoids with spleen, and also introducing skin to that.   Patricia Nguyen:         And certainly, we could think of an organoid involving the vasculature with immune cells introduced. And so, I think, in the next phase, project 2.0, we can investigate what... like over time, if you could model atherosclerosis and the immune system contribution, T-cells as well as macrophages and other immune cells, you can then kind of map how it happens in humans. Because obviously, mice are different. We know that mice... Actually, the models of transgenic mice do not rupture. It's very hard to make them rupture. Right?   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Well, if you stop feeding them high fat diet, the plaque goes away.   Patricia Nguyen:         For sure, for sure. So I think.. I mean, Mark Davis is a huge proponent of human based research, like research on human tissue. And as a physician scientist, obviously I'm more inclined to do human based research. And Jessica's going to be a physician someday soon. And I'm sure she's more inclined to do human based research. And certainly, the mouse model and in vitro models are great because you can manipulate them. But ultimately, we are trying to cure human diseases.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Mice are not little humans. That's what we say in my lab. I similarly do a lot of human based stuff and it's amazing how great mice are for certain things, but still how much is not there when we need to really fully recapitulate a disease model.   So, my last question is kind of regarding this autoimmune angle of your findings. And that is, women tend to have more autoimmune diseases than men, but due to the fact that you are getting heart transplants, you've got a whole lot more men in your study than women. I think it was like 31 men to four women. But, I mean, what can you do? It's the nature of heart transplants. But I'm wondering, did you happen to notice...Maybe the sample size perhaps is too small, but were there any differences in the populations of these cells between women and men? And do you think there could be any differences regarding this more prevalence of autoimmune like reactions in women?   Patricia Nguyen:         So, that's an interesting question, but you hit it on the nose when you said "Your sample is defined mainly by men." And in addition, the samples that were women tend to have less disease. And they tend to be nonischemic in etiology. So, I think that kind of restricts our analysis. And perhaps, I guess, future studies could model using female tissues, for example, instead of only male. But the limitation of all human studies is sample availability. And perhaps, human organoid research can be less limited by that. And certainly, mouse research has become more evenly distributed of male and female mice.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        Yeah. Suffice it to say, human research is hard, but you managed to do an amazing and really important study. It was really elegant and well done. Congratulations on what is an epic amount of time. 12-hour experiments are no joke, and really beautiful data. So, thank you so much for joining me today, Dr Nguyen and Miss almost Dr D'Addabbo. Congrats and I'm really looking forward to seeing your future work.   Jessica D'Addabbo:    Thank you so much.   Patricia Nguyen:         Thanks so much.   Jessica D'Addabbo:    Thank you for having us. This is wonderful.   Cindy St. Hilaire:        That's it for the highlights from the April 29th and May 13th issues of Circulation Research. Thank you so much for listening. Please check out the Circ Res Facebook page and follow us on Twitter and Instagram with the handle @Circres and #Discover CircRes. Thank you to our guests: Dr Patricia Nguyen, and soon to be Doctor, Jessica D'Addabbo, from Stanford University.   This podcast was produced by Ishara Ratnayaka, edited by Melissa Stoner, and supported by the editorial team of Circulation Research. Copy text for the highlighted articles was provided by Ruth Williams. I'm your host, Dr Cindy St. Haler. And this is Discover CircRes, you're on the go source for the most exciting discoveries in basic cardiovascular research. This program is copyright of the American Heart Association 2022. The opinions expressed by the speakers of this podcast are their own and not necessarily those of the editors or of the American Heart Association. For more information, visit aha journals.org.  

Our seventh episode of the AMR Action Podcast features Dr. Larissa Matukas, an Associate Professor in the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology at the University of Toronto, Head of the Division of Microbiology and an Infectious Disease Consultant at St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto.  Dr. Matukas speaks about stewardship, surveillance and the use of diagnostic technologies to help combat antimicrobial resistance.

Guest: Tara Moriarty, Associate Professor at the University of Toronto in the Faculty of Dentistry with cross appointment to the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology in the Faculty of Medicine, head of the Moriarity Laboratory

The challenge with ticks and Lyme Disease , Lessons learned from being in the Kremlin's crosshairs for more than a decade,  Marianas Trench lead singer Josh Ramsay & Is Canada doing enough to help Ukrainians hoping to come to this country?   - April 26th, 2022   The challenge with ticks and Lyme Disease   Guest: Tara Moriarty, Associate Professor at the University of Toronto in the Faculty of Dentistry with cross appointment to the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology in the Faculty of Medicine, head of the Moriarity Laboratory   Lessons learned from being in the Kremlin's crosshairs for more than a decade   Guest: Bill Browder, financier and author of Freezing Order:    Marianas Trench lead singer Josh Ramsay  Guest: Josh Ramsay, lead singer of Marianas Trench   Is Canada doing enough to help Ukrainians hoping to come to this country?  Guest: Sean Fraser, Federal Immigration Minister and MP for Central Nova

Guest: Dr. Tara Moriarity, Associate Professor, Faculty of Dentistry with cross appointment to the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto.

Winnipeg braces for April blizzard, Remembering Gilbert Gottfried, The inspiration behind the Pay Gap App & Canada's COVID 6th Wave and what lies ahead  - April 12th, 2022   Winnipeg braces for April blizzard Guest: Richard Cloutier, co-host of The News CJOB   Remembering Gilbert Gottfried and his comedic legacy  Guest: Mark Breslin, co-founder and CEO of Yuk Yuks, comedian, author, and producer   The inspiration behind the Pay Gap App and calling out companies for hypocrisy on gender pay equity   Guest: Francesca Lawson, co-creator of the gender pay gap bot @paygapapp   Canada's COVID 6th Wave and what lies ahead  Guest: Dr. Tara Moriarity, Associate Professor, Faculty of Dentistry with cross appointment to the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto.

Stand Up is a daily podcast. I book,host,edit, post and promote new episodes with brilliant guests every day. Please subscribe now for as little as 5$ and gain access to a community of over 800 awesome, curious, kind, funny, brilliant, generous souls Check out StandUpwithPete.com to learn more  Indeed.com/STANDUP 30 mins Eugene Linden is an award-winning journalist and author on science, nature, and the environment. He is the author of nine books of non-fiction and one novel. His previous book on climate change, Winds of Change, explored the connection between climate change and the rise and fall of civilizations, and was awarded the Grantham Prize Special Award of Merit. His celebrated works on animal intelligence include Apes, Men, and Language, the New York Times “Notable Book” Silent Partners, and the bestselling The Parrot's Lament. For many years, Eugene wrote about nature and global environmental issues for TIME where he garnered several awards including the American Geophysical Union's Walter Sullivan Award. He has also contributed to the New York Times, Foreign Affairs, and National Geographic, among many other publications. 50 mins Dr. Meghan May was appointed in the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the University of New England College of Medicine in 2013. She was previously appointed in the Department of Biological Sciences at Towson University from 2010-2013, and held the Fisher Endowed Chair of Biological Sciences from 2012-2013, and was appointed as a postdoctoral fellow and then a research assistant professor in the Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology at the University of Florida. Dr. May earned her B.S. degree in Microbiology from the University of New Hampshire, and her M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Pathobiology and Bacteriology (respectively) from the University of Connecticut. Her research focus is on the evolution of virulence, not only to determine how new diseases appear and where they come from but also how to predict what new disease might arise next — pathogen forecasting Follow her on Twitter  All things Jon Carroll  Follow and Support Pete Coe Pete on YouTube Pete on Twitter Pete On Instagram Pete Personal FB page Stand Up with Pete FB page

Today my guest is Dr Jennifer Sanders What we discuss with Dr Sanders: How she decided to study cell biology, molecular biology, and biochemistry Her post doctoral fellowship in gastroenterology How she developed her skills in teaching How she became co-director of the pathobiology graduate program Pathobiology and how it differs from pathology Her research in liver transplantation and regeneration Her involvement in the American Society for Investigative Pathology Women In Pathology and her role in this organization The importance of mentorship Links for this episode: Health Podcast Network  LabVine Learning The ConfLab from LabVine Dress A Med scrubs   Dr Jennifer Sanders on Twitter American Society for Investigative Pathology Women In Pathology Pathobiology Graduate Program at Brown University Dr Sanders Publications   People of Pathology Podcast: Website Twitter

Happy Black History Month! Lift Every Voice and Sing, till earth and heaven ring! Happy American Heart Month, as well. In this episode of Scientifically Sound, I'm hanging out with Dre'Von Dobson as we talk about our time as black scientists in our love of Ernest Everett Just and discuss The Bee Gees' hit, Al Green classic, "How Can You Mend A Broken Heart". We are tying this song to Dre'Von's research on fibrinogen, a key protein complex circulating in our cardiovascular system. And oh, Dre'Von has a surprise for you and me. For more information about Dre'Von Dobson, read below.  Dre'Von Dobson is a multi-instrumentalist (specializing in the saxophone, bass, and piano) who studied at North Carolina A&T State University, graduating with a B.S. in Biology and minoring in Music Performance. He is currently a PhD student in the Pathobiology and Translational Sciences Program at UNC Chapel Hill studying hemostasis and thrombosis. His current project is identifying genes that regulate the expression of the coagulation protein, fibrinogen. Dre' is also the co-founder of The Society for Black Biomedical Sciences (SBBS) at UNC, an organization that works to promote and support the recruitment, retention, and success of black biomedical scientist. While pursuing his PhD, Dre' continues to provide live music for weddings, festivals, churches, and private functions across North Carolina. Dre' hopes to use his scientific findings and career to improve the cardiovascular health and scientific literacy in black communities. Dre'Von Dobson Social MediaInstagram: @superfly_bamTwitter: @BloodBiologySong of the Sound : High Blues Pressure by Freddie HubbardFollow Scientifically Sound----Twitter: 4theSci_SoundInstagram: scientificallysoundTikTok: scientificallysoundemail: 4thescientificallysound@gmail.com

Disease prevention is a very important aspect of successful swine management but sometimes, no matter how good your biosecurity is, diseases find a way to infect the herd. This is why it is helpful to have effective plans in place to minimize the damage done. In today's talk Dr. Greiner, Dr. Gustavo Machado discusses how swine disease models work, what they will look like in the future, and how they can be effective to prepare for diseases such as ASF infecting our swine herds. "

This week, we talk with Milton Levin '04 Ph.D., Associate Research Professor in the Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, about his research work, but also about the thing UConn's roughly 90,000 Instagram followers will recognize instantly: his breathtaking pictures of campus locations, especially Horsebarn Hill. Professor Levin tells us how he got interested in photography, what it's like to teach yourself to pilot a drone, and what he looks for when he goes for a walk and brings his camera along.

Nicole Chu from the University of Ottawa speaks with Dr. Annie Huang. Dr. Annie Huang holds a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair and is a Professor of Paediatrics with Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology at the University of Toronto. She is also the Associate Chair of Research of the Department of Paediatrics at The Sickkids Hospital. Dr. Huang founded The Rare Brain Tumor Consortium (RBTC), an international network of physicians and scientists dedicated to improving the survival of children diagnosed with rare brain tumors. Tune in to this episode to learn more about how the RBTC brings families and researchers across the world together, sharing the common goal of making rare brain tumours a curable disease. Learn more: https://lab.research.sickkids.ca/annie-huang/rbtc/

SDG 15: Life on Land, focuses on sustainable management of forests, combatting desertification, halting and reversing land degradation, and halting biodiversity loss. In this episode, Ophelia Michaelides speaks to two researchers that are working towards improving our understanding of zoonotic diseases, or, diseases transmitted between animals and humans. Discussions focus on unpacking what zoonotic diseases are; how social and environmental factors impact their spread; and the actions we can take at individual, national, and global scales to develop more sustainable prevention and mitigation strategies for managing zoonotic disease emergence. Dr. Samira Mubareka is a virologist, medical microbiologist and infectious disease physician at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and in the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology at the University of Toronto.  Samira has been working on SARS-CoV-2 since the outset of the pandemic in North America with a focus on virus biology, bioaerosols and exposure, genomics and diagnostics through close and cross-disciplinary collaborations across engineering, computational biology, molecular virology and animal health. Samira serves on the Chief Science Advisor of Canada, Dr. M. Nemer's COVID-19 Expert Panel, the Implementation Committee of the Genome Canada-led Canadian COVID-19 Genomics Network (CanCOGeN) VirusSeq project, and the Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table.  She is currently focused on understanding the biology and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and on coronavirus zoonotic spillover. Samira holds an MD from Dalhousie University, completed training in Internal Medicine at McGill University, and specialized in Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology at the University of Manitoba. Isha Berry is a PhD Candidate in Epidemiology at the University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health. She is also a Fellow in the Emerging Leaders in Biosecurity Initiative at the Johns Hopkins Centre for Health Security. Isha has expertise in infectious disease epidemiology and mathematical modelling and has experience conducting infectious disease research in low-, middle-, and high-income settings. Her primary area of research is understanding the socio-behavioral drivers of global emerging infectious diseases at the human-animal interface. She holds an MSc in Epidemiology from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and a BSc in Environmental Science from McGill University.CREDITS: This podcast is co-hosted by Dr. Erica Di Ruggiero, Director of the Centre for Global Health, and Ophelia Michaelides, Manager of the Centre for Global Health, at the DLSPH, U of T, and produced by Elizabeth Loftus. Audio editing is by Sylvia Lorico. Music is produced by Julien Fortier and Patrick May. It is made with the support of the School of Cities at U of T. 

Peter is a 5th-year PhD student from the Pathobiology program at Johns Hopkins School of medicine.As part of Dr. Laura D. Wood's lab, his thesis is focused on to understanding new mechanisms of invasion of pancreatic cancer by using patient derived samples in organoid models.The decision to follow the Academic or Industry path has been always in his mind. During his undergrad Peter worked in industry as a chemist and during his PhD, he worked as pro bono consultant at the Johns Hopkins Graduate Consulting Club (JHGCC) as well as participated in consulting competitions.We were happy to hear that he recently accepted a position as Consultant for after his PhD! Join us to hear about how is to work in a cancer research lab in close contact with the hospital and patient samples as well as the journey to pursue a career as a Consultant. Episode hosted by Gustavo Carrizo. We are looking for PhD students from Hopkins, as well as other Institutions in and outside the US!If you are interested in being interviewed for MyPhD please complete the following form and we will get in touch with you: MyPhD podcast application form: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNA8TVvuajm9PeNJT9J0KnOLhOWluCegECALe_XSEWFQBWSQ/viewform?usp=sf_link

Stand Up is a daily podcast. I book,host,edit, post and promote new episodes with brilliant guests every day. Please subscribe now for as little as 5$ and gain access to a community of over 800 awesome, curious, kind, funny, brilliant, generous souls Check out StandUpwithPete.com to learn more I have a great news recap for you on all things Omnicron and more then at 32 minutes my interview with Dr Meghan May starts and I begin with JL Cauvin at 1:05   On today's show I  announced my first Stand Up Comedy date with Ophira Eisenberg and Christian Finnegan for Saturday January 15 2021 in King of Prussia PA   Please support my sponsors  All this month and next I will be promoting GiveWell.org and I hope you will consider sending them a donation. They will match new donors up to $250! Please go to GiveWell.org/StandUp TommyJohn.com/STANDUP  GetQuip.com/STANDUP  Indeed.com/STANDUP Dr. Meghan May was appointed in the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the University of New England College of Medicine in 2013. She was previously appointed in the Department of Biological Sciences at Towson University from 2010-2013, and held the Fisher Endowed Chair of Biological Sciences from 2012-2013, and was appointed as a postdoctoral fellow and then a research assistant professor in the Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology at the University of Florida. Dr. May earned her B.S. degree in Microbiology from the University of New Hampshire, and her M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Pathobiology and Bacteriology (respectively) from the University of Connecticut. Her research focus is on the evolution of virulence, not only to determine how new diseases appear and where they come from but also how to predict what new disease might arise next — pathogen forecasting Follow her on Twitter  JL Cauvin is the best Trump impersonator in the world. He is also a very talented Stand Up Comic with who I have known for a long time. JL has recorded 6 stand up albums! J-L's act is incredibly diverse and has led to six stand up albums: 2006′s Racial Chameleon, 2008′s Diamond Maker, 2012′s Too Big To Fail and 2013′s Keep My Enemies Closer, 2016's Israeli Tortoise, which hit #1 on the iTunes comedy chart and his 2018 double album Thots & Prayers. He has also released two albums as Donald Trump: 2017's Fireside Craps, an entire album as Donald Trump which hit #1 on the iTunes comedy chart and 2020's Fireside Craps: The Deuce which went #1 on both Amazon and iTunes' comedy charts and broke into the Top 40 on iTunes' overall album charts. JL is the host of 2 podcasts "Righteous Prick" and "Making Podcasts Great Again" ----------------- Check out all things Jon Carroll Follow and Support Pete Coe   Pete on YouTube Pete on Twitter Pete On Instagram Pete Personal FB page

Stand Up is a daily podcast. I book,host,edit, post and promote new episodes with brilliant guests every day. Please subscribe now for as little as 5$ and gain access to a community of over 800 awesome, curious, kind, funny, brilliant, generous souls Check out StandUpwithPete.com to learn more 29 minutes Michael A. Cohen is a regular contributor for The Boston Globe on national politics and foreign affairs. He is also the author of “American Maelstrom: The 1968 Election and the Politics of Division.” Michael has written for dozens of news outlets, including as a columnist for the Guardian and Foreign Policy and he is the US Political Correspondent for the London Observer. He previously worked as a speechwriter at the US State Department and has been a lecturer at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs. Stand Up subscribers get a discount on Michael's new newsletter!   1:00 Dr. Meghan May was appointed in the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the University of New England College of Medicine in 2013. She was previously appointed in the Department of Biological Sciences at Towson University from 2010-2013, and held the Fisher Endowed Chair of Biological Sciences from 2012-2013, and was appointed as a postdoctoral fellow and then a research assistant professor in the Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology at the University of Florida. Dr. May earned her B.S. degree in Microbiology from the University of New Hampshire, and her M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Pathobiology and Bacteriology (respectively) from the University of Connecticut. Her research focus is on the evolution of virulence, not only to determine how new diseases appear and where they come from but also how to predict what new disease might arise next — pathogen forecasting Follow her on Twitter  1:26 Dr. Matt Bellace has a PhD in clinical psychology with a subspecialty in clinical neuropsychology, the study of the brain and behavior.  He was twice awarded the Student Intramural Research and Training Award (IRTA) in neuroscience by the National Institutes of Mental Health to study memory in primates.  His clinical training included working with patients at the Comprehensive Epilepsy Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (Philadelphia), treating learning disorders in a pediatric neuropsychology private practice in suburban Philadelphia and performing cognitive behavioral therapy at Drexel University's Student Counseling Center.  Matt completed his clinical internship working with traumatic brain and spinal cord injury patients at The Mount Sinai Medical in New York City.  In 2005, Matt successfully defended his dissertation, “Activation of the Hippocampus During Emotional Learning,” which was later published in the International Journal of Neuroscience. Check out all things Jon Carroll Follow and Support Pete Coe Pete on YouTube Pete on Twitter Pete On Instagram Pete Personal FB page Stand Up with Pete FB page

Dr. Laura Huber, an assistant professor in the Department of Pathobiology at Auburn University in Alabama, and Sarah Gregory discuss antimicrobial use and bacteria resistance in broiler chickens during 2013-2019.

Stand Up is a daily podcast. I book,host,edit, post and promote new episodes with brilliant guests every day. I have one sponsor which is an awesome nonprofit GiveWell.org/StandUp for more but Please subscribe now for as little as 5$ and gain access to a community of over 800 awesome, curious, kind, funny, brilliant, generous souls. I've known Tim Wise for over 10 years and I have tried to showcase his work wherever I go from siriusxm to CNN to this podcast. I always learn so much when I read or talk to him. Today Tim and I talked about his latest writing Get all of his books Tim Wise, whom scholar and philosopher Cornel West calls, “A vanilla brother in the tradition of (abolitionist) John Brown,” is among the nation's most prominent antiracist essayists and educators. He has spent the past 25 years speaking to audiences in all 50 states, on over 1000 college and high school campuses, at hundreds of professional and academic conferences, and to community groups across the nation. He has also lectured internationally in Canada and Bermuda, and has trained corporate, government, law enforcement and medical industry professionals on methods for dismantling racism in their institutions. Wise's antiracism work traces back to his days as a college activist in the 1980s, fighting for divestment from (and economic sanctions against) apartheid South Africa. After graduation, he threw himself into social justice efforts full-time, as a Youth Coordinator and Associate Director of the Louisiana Coalition Against Racism and Nazism: the largest of the many groups organized in the early 1990s to defeat the political candidacies of white supremacist and former Ku Klux Klan leader David Duke. From there, he became a community organizer in New Orleans' public housing, and a policy analyst for a children's advocacy group focused on combatting poverty and economic inequity. He has served as an adjunct professor at the Smith College School of Social Work, in Northampton, MA., and from 1999-2003 was an advisor to the Fisk University Race Relations Institute in Nashville, TN. Wise is the author of seven books, including his highly-acclaimed memoir, White Like Me: Reflections on Race from a Privileged Son, as well as Dear White America: Letter to a New Minority, and Under the Affluence: Shaming the Poor, Praising the Rich and Sacrificing the Future of America. His forthcoming book, White LIES Matter: Race, Crime and the Politics of Fear in America, will be released in 2018. His essays have appeared on Alternet, Salon, Huffington Post, Counterpunch, Black Commentator, BK Nation, Z Magazine and The Root, which recently named Wise one of the “8 Wokest White People We Know.” Wise has been featured in several documentaries, including “The Great White Hoax: Donald Trump and the Politics of Race and Class in America,” and “White Like Me: Race, Racism and White Privilege in America,” both from the Media Education Foundation. He also appeared alongside legendary scholar and activist, Angela Davis, in the 2011 documentary, “Vocabulary of Change.” In this public dialogue between the two activists, Davis and Wise discussed the connections between issues of race, class, gender, sexuality and militarism, as well as inter-generational movement building and the prospects for social change. Wise is also one of five persons—including President Barack Obama—interviewed for a video exhibition on race relations in America, featured at the National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington DC. Additionally, his media presence includes dozens of appearances on CNN, MSNBC and NPR, feature interviews on ABC's 20/20 and CBS's 48 Hours, as well as videos posted on YouTube, Facebook and other social media platforms that have received over 20 million views. His podcast, “Speak Out with Tim Wise,” launched this fall and features weekly interviews with activists, scholars and artists about movement building and strategies for social change. Wise graduated from Tulane University in 1990 and received antiracism training from the People's Institute for Survival and Beyond, in New Orleans. Dr. Meghan May was appointed in the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the University of New England College of Medicine in 2013. She was previously appointed in the Department of Biological Sciences at Towson University from 2010-2013, and held the Fisher Endowed Chair of Biological Sciences from 2012-2013, and was appointed as a postdoctoral fellow and then a research assistant professor in the Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology at the University of Florida. Dr. May earned her B.S. degree in Microbiology from the University of New Hampshire, and her M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Pathobiology and Bacteriology (respectively) from the University of Connecticut. Her research focus is on the evolution of virulence, not only to determine how new diseases appear and where they come from but also how to predict what new disease might arise next — pathogen forecasting Follow her on Twitter  Pete on YouTube Pete on Twitter Pete On Instagram Pete Personal FB page Stand Up with Pete FB page

S. Safeguards Against African Swine Fever Essential Oils and Spices Cattle Research Agricultural News Tips for Dividing Iris   00:01:00 – U.S. Safeguards Against African Swine Fever: African swine fever has been confirmed in the Dominican Republic. The disease has not entered the U.S. and Jorden Gebhardt, an assistant professor in the K-State Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, says that's because the U.S. has a number of safeguards in place 00:12:00 – Essential Oils and Spices Cattle Research: K-State beef specialist Jaymelynn Farney discusses her research on using essential oils and spices for cattle and its effects on gains and usefulness as fly and tick control. So far, she's seeing mixed results on controlling flies and ticks…but positive results on weight gains 00:23:00 – Agricultural News: Jeff Wichman has a look at today's agricultural news headlines, plus this week's Kansas Soybean update   00:31:00 – Tips for Dividing Iris: K-State horticulturist Ward Upham outlines the steps for dividing Iris…something he says can be done now.   Send comments, questions or requests for copies of past programs to ksrenews@ksu.edu. Agriculture Today is a daily program featuring Kansas State University agricultural specialists and other experts examining ag issues facing Kansas and the nation. It is hosted by Eric Atkinson and distributed to radio stations throughout Kansas and as a daily podcast.   K‑State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well‑being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K‑State campus in Manhattan.

Evan Solomon discusses the growing calls to cancel Canada Day and the arguments against it, amid the discoveries of mass and unmarked graves at former residentials schools.  On today's show:   Dr. Ann Cavoukian, former three-term Ontario Privacy Commissioner and executive director of the Global Privacy & Security by Design Centre, discusses concerning online streaming of home security cameras. Tara Moriarty, professor of the faculties of Dentistry, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology at the University of Toronto, shares a new report on excess COVID-19 deaths that were not recorded in Canada.  Senator Yuen Pau Woo explains his comments on China's human rights abuses.  Mary Ellen Turpel-Lafond, director of UBC's Indian Residential School History and Dialogue Centre, discusses the Catholic Church's failure to pay the $25 million settlement to residential school survivors.  Surfside Mayor Charles Burkett shares the latest updates on the condo building collapse in Miami, Florida. 

In this episode, we host Dr. Philip Hardwidge, associate director of the Center on Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in the Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology at Kansas State University. Dr. Hardwidge's research focuses on understanding, treating and preventing diarrheal disease caused by bacterial pathogens. These pathogens represent important threats to food safety, biosecurity and animal health. His research team is tackling the fundamentals of biochemical interactions, leading to a better understanding of mitigation methods.  

Stand Up is a daily podcast. I book,host,edit, post and promote new episodes with brilliant guests every day. I have one sponsor which is an awesome nonprofit GiveWell.org/StandUp for more but Please subscribe now for as little as 5$ and gain access to a community of over 800 awesome, curious, kind, funny, brilliant, generous souls. Today's "LAST 24 News Segment" was all over the place. Were are we on returning to "normal" ? Is Trump going to be indicted for real real? Is John Cena a sellout to China? 1 year since George Floyd was murdered and Rand Paul is a dick. I had great chats with Dr Meghan May and Eric Segall. Meghan and I start at about 29 minutes and Segall and I begin at 1:08 Constitutional Law Scholar, author, professor and now podcaster as well as close personal friend of mine Eric Segall joined me to talk about the remaining challenges to the election outcome by the Trump Campaign and the consequences of the damage already done Buy his books.  Follow him on twitter Listen to his new Podcast Supreme Myths Eric J. Segall graduated from Emory University, Phi Beta Kappa and summa cum laude, and from Vanderbilt Law School, where he was the research editor for the Law Review and member of Order of the Coif. He clerked for the Chief Judge Charles Moye Jr. for the Northern District of Georgia, and Albert J. Henderson of the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals. After his clerkships, Segall worked for Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher and the U.S. Department of Justice, before joining the Georgia State faculty in 1991. Segall teaches federal courts and constitutional law I and II. He is the author of the books Originalism as Faith and Supreme Myths: Why the Supreme Court is not a Court and its Justices are not Judges. His articles on constitutional law have appeared in, among others, the Harvard Law Review Forum, the Stanford Law Review On Line, the UCLA Law Review, the George Washington Law Review, the Washington University Law Review, the University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law, the Northwestern University Law Review Colloquy, and Constitutional Commentary among many others. Segall’s op-eds and essays have appeared in the New York Times, the LA Times, The Atlantic, SLATE, Vox, Salon, and the Daily Beast, among others. He has appeared on CNN, Fox News, MSNBC, and France 24 and all four of Atlanta’s local television stations. He has also appeared on numerous local and national radio shows. Dr. Meghan May was appointed in the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the University of New England College of Medicine in 2013. She was previously appointed in the Department of Biological Sciences at Towson University from 2010-2013, and held the Fisher Endowed Chair of Biological Sciences from 2012-2013, and was appointed as a postdoctoral fellow and then a research assistant professor in the Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology at the University of Florida. Dr. May earned her B.S. degree in Microbiology from the University of New Hampshire, and her M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Pathobiology and Bacteriology (respectively) from the University of Connecticut. Her research focus is on the evolution of virulence, not only to determine how new diseases appear and where they come from but also how to predict what new disease might arise next — pathogen forecasting Follow her on Twitter  Pete Dominick on Twitter Pete On Instagram Pete Personal FB page Stand Up with Pete FB page

In this podcast, we talk with Dr. Justin Kastner, associate professor in the Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology in the College of Veterinary Medicine at Kansas State University. Kastner co-directs the interdisciplinary Frontier program, which is focused on crossing disciplinary borders, and overseeing scholarly activities for several academic units. Since food production, shipping and trade are all managed through regulation and international policy agreements, students in Kastner’s courses benefit from his experience in international trade policy at the World Trade Organization in Geneva.

We sat down with Dr. Byram Bridle, an associate Professor of Viral Immunology, Department of Pathobiology at the University of Guelph.  Here's the article that we discussed: https://theconversation.com/a-year-of-covid-19-lockdown-is-putting-kids-at-risk-of-allergies-asthma-and-autoimmune-diseases-155102

MIB Agents OsteoBites S2 Ep 8: Chand Khanna DVM, PhD, “A Comparative Approach To Metastasis: Biology and Therapy” Guest Information: Chand Khanna DVM, PhD Chief Science Officer, Ethos Veterinary Health President, President of Ethos Discovery Dr. Khanna is a well known osteosarcoma expert and researcher. He is a board-certified diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (Oncology) and an honorary Diplomate of the American College Veterinary Pathology. He received a PhD in Pathobiology from the University of Minnesota and then completed a postdoctoral fellowship in the Pediatric Oncology Branch of the National Cancer Institute where he led a laboratory focused on metastasis drug discovery and was the founding director of the NCI Comparative Oncology Program. Dr. Khanna is Chief Science Officer with Ethos Veterinary Health, and President of Ethos Discovery, a nonprofit incubator of scientific innovation. ... Our panel today includes Amy Woodchecke BS, MHS, PA-C,, a childhood cancer survivor and pediatric oncology Physician's Assistant. I am your host, Ann Graham Executive Director of MIB Agents. ... Coming up in April with OsteoExperts Making It Better including; Jane Yanagawa, MD, Sumit Gupta, MD, PhD, Ines Lohse, PhD and Daniel Prince, MD. ... MIB Agents is a leading pediatric #osteosarcoma nonprofit dedicated to Making It Better for our community of patients, caregivers, doctors, and researchers with the goal of less toxic, more effective treatments and a cure for this aggressive bone cancer. More information at www.mibagents.org ... Register: https://bit.ly/MIBobites Osteosarcoma Resources: www.MIBagents.org/contact Contact Dr. Khanna via Ethos Vet: ckhanna@ethosvet.com or Donna Reis at dreiss@ethosvet.com --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/mibagents/support

In this episode, we welcome Dr. Stephen Higgs, university distinguished professor of diagnostic medicine and pathobiology at Kansas State University. On this episode, Dr. Higgs discusses interdisciplinary biosecurity research programs, agrosecurity and collaborative research. Higgs, who is director of the Biosecurity Research Institute, or BRI, also highlights the role the BRI will play in transitioning work to the National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, adjacent to the K-State campus. Dr. Higgs’ research is focused on mosquito-related viral spread, but through his oversight of the BRI, he has expanded to the areas of food safety and security, plant and animal disease and zoonotic disease. 

Watch out for this kind of “Crypto” Currency: Cryptosporidium is a parasite that causes diarrheal disease in humans.  Cryptosporidiosis is a common cause of waterborne disease in the U.S., and responsible for serious and potentially fatal infections in HIV positive individuals and malnourished infants.  Dr. Boris Striepen is a Professor of Pathobiology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine.   Dr. Striepen studies Cryptosporidium and how it causes disease.  Dr. Striepen talks about how Cryptosporidium multiplies rapidly and has sex inside your intestines, how Cryptosporidium is similar to its cousin the malaria parasite, how genetics can help in the search for new drugs, how someone can catch cryptosporidiosis from a swimming pool or a petting zoo, how bacteria influence the virulence of parasites, and how science beat a career as a harmonica player in a blues band.   The microCase for listeners to solve is about the great, fantabulous, one and only Montana Jones, and his adventure in the Congo that almost led to his demise. Participants: Karl Klose, Ph.D. (UTSA) Boris Striepen, Ph.D. (University of Pennsylvania) Janakiram Seshu, Ph.D. (UTSA) Mylea Echazarreta (UTSA) Huntyr Menezes (UTSA) Michelle Neiner (UTSA)

Stand Up is a daily podcast. I book,host,edit, post and promote new episodes with brilliant guests every day. I have one sponsor which is an awesome nonprofit GiveWell.org/StandUp for more but Please subscribe now for as little as 5$ and gain access to a community of over 800 awesome, curious, kind, funny, brilliant, generous souls. JL Cauvin is the best Trump impersonator in the world. He is also a very talented Stand Up Comic with who I have known for a long time. JL has recorded 6 stand up albums! J-L’s act is incredibly diverse and has led to six stand up albums: 2006′s Racial Chameleon, 2008′s Diamond Maker, 2012′s Too Big To Fail and 2013′s Keep My Enemies Closer, 2016’s Israeli Tortoise, which hit #1 on the iTunes comedy chart and his 2018 double album Thots & Prayers. He has also released two albums as Donald Trump: 2017’s Fireside Craps, an entire album as Donald Trump which hit #1 on the iTunes comedy chart and 2020’s Fireside Craps: The Deuce which went #1 on both Amazon and iTunes’ comedy charts and broke into the Top 40 on iTunes’ overall album charts. JL is the host of 2 podcasts "Righteous Prick" and "Making Podcasts Great Again" Subscribe to his YouTube page  Support JL Fundraiser for Hope for Haiti Dr. May was appointed in the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the University of New England College of Medicine in 2013. She was previously appointed in the Department of Biological Sciences at Towson University from 2010-2013, and held the Fisher Endowed Chair of Biological Sciences from 2012-2013, and was appointed as a postdoctoral fellow and then a research assistant professor in the Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology at the University of Florida. Dr. May earned her B.S. degree in Microbiology from the University of New Hampshire, and her M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Pathobiology and Bacteriology (respectively) from the University of Connecticut. Her research focus is on the evolution of virulence, not only to determine how new diseases appear and where they come from but also how to predict what new disease might arise next — pathogen forecasting Pete Dominick on Twitter Pete On Instagram Pete Personal FB page Stand Up with Pete FB page Please consider a paid subscription to this daily podcast. Everyday I will interview 2 or more expert guests on a wide range of issues. I will continue to be transparent about my life, issues and vulnerabilities in hopes we can relate, connect and grow together. If you want to add something to the show email me StandUpwithPete@gmail.com Join the Stand Up Community

Welcome to The Inspired Women Podcast. In today's episode your host Megan Hall interviews Doreen Szollosi. Doreen Szollosi, Ph.D., earned her B.S. degree in Animal Science in 2002 from the University of Rhode Island and her Ph.D. in Pathobiology from... Read moreCovid 19 Vaccines Featuring Doreen Szollosi

Dr. Paul Hergenrother, PhD is a Professor of Chemistry at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), whose organic chemistry lab characterizes natural products to identify novel cellular targets and formulate treatments for cancer & drug-resistant bacteria. He along with Dr. Martin Burke and other UIUC staff led the effort undertaken at UIUC to develop a COVID-19 saliva test, which was implemented campus-wide to facilitate in-person education and garnered national attention in mid-August 2020 (NPR, Science). Dr. Rebecca Lee Smith, PhD is an Associate Professor of Pathobiology at the UIUC, whose epidemiology lab develops statistical models of disease transmission to control viral spread in real-time. Her work has played an essential role in contact tracing throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and yielded a 0.5-0.7% on-campus infection rate, with zero students hospitalized as of November 2020. In this episode, we discuss the roles they played in constructing UIUC’s SHIELD program and how they managed to scale the operation across the state of Illinois. We also talk about many of the critical features of the program that could be generally applied to testing & tracing programs nationwide and better prepare us for future infectious disease outbreaks. Hosted by Cynthia Steinhardt and Joe Varriale.

A MULTI-SPECIES CONTACT-NETWORK MODEL: BETWEEN-FARM DISEASE SPREADING AMONG BOVINE, SMALL RUMINANTS AND SWINE POPULATIONS.IntroductionMany infectious diseases infect multiple species and persist through a combination of within- and between-species transmission dynamics and processes. Here, we explore the epidemiological impacts of host-specific disease spread dynamics, among farms raising multiple livestock species: cattle, buffalo, pigs, sheep and goat.Materials and methodsWe reconstructed multiscale stochastic susceptible-infected network-based transmission model for within-farm dynamics and between-farm animal movements. A wide range of introduction scenarios was simulated on the empirical network. To mimic an initial stage of an introduced foreign animal disease we generated 100 runs over available 2-year network starting with 1.000 infected farms. Infection was then started randomly in farms with only swine, only cattle, only small ruminants and final scenario it started in farms with all species. The model was used to simulate control actions based on the identification of farms mode likely to be infected by its contact network.ResultsThe largest epidemic had 45% infected swine farms whiten the first six months of simulation. We found that epidemic sizes were governed by which species the index was seeded to. As expected, the swine contact network was the most prone to spread disease, with a simulated prevalence of over 60% at the end of second year of simulation, followed by small ruminants' and cattle with prevalence over 20% and 10% respectively.DiscussionThe size of epidemics initiated in cattle and small ruminants generated a higher amount of infection into other single species farm holdings. This work highlights the relevance of other than cattle farms in the between-farm transmission of possible foreign animal disease, i.e., foot and mouth disease. These results may serve as basic data in the planning of national or regional to designing risk-based targeted surveillance strategies considering a multi-species approach.1N. Cárdenas, 2A. Omar, 3F.P. Nunes Lopes, 2G. Machado1 Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.2 Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.3Secretary of Agriculture, Livestock and Agribusiness of State of Rio Grande do Sul (SEAPA-RS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.EuFMD Open Sessionwww.eufmdvirtual.com

Dr. Jason Johnson is an associate professor of politics and journalism in the School of Global Journalism & Communication and author of the book Political Consultants and Campaigns: One Day to Sell. He focuses on campaign politics, political communication, strategy and popular culture. He is a political analyst for MSNBC, SIRIUS XM Satellite Radio and The Grio. He has previously appeared on CNN, Fox News, Al Jazeera, Current TV and CBS. His work has been featured on The Daily Show with Trevor Noah, The Late Show with Stephen Colbert and on ESPN. He has been quoted by The Guardian, The Washington Post, The Washington Times, The Wallstreet Journal, Buzzfeed, The Hill newspaper, the Cleveland Plain Dealer and the Atlanta Journal Constitution. Dr. Johnson is a University of Virginia alumnus and earned his PhD in Political Science from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. PLEASE SIGN UP FOR A PAID SUBSCRIPTION  Dr. May was appointed in the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the University of New England College of Medicine in 2013. She was previously appointed in the Department of Biological Sciences at Towson University from 2010-2013, and held the Fisher Endowed Chair of Biological Sciences from 2012-2013, and was appointed as a postdoctoral fellow and then a research assistant professor in the Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology at the University of Florida. Dr. May earned her B.S. degree in Microbiology from the University of New Hampshire, and her M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Pathobiology and Bacteriology (respectively) from the University of Connecticut. Her research focus is on the evolution of virulence, not only to determine how new diseases appear and where they come from but also how to predict what new disease might arise next — pathogen forecasting. Dr. Jason Johnson is an associate professor of politics and journalism in the School of Global Journalism & Communication and author of the book Political Consultants and Campaigns: One Day to Sell. He focuses on campaign politics, political communication, strategy and popular culture. He is a political analyst for MSNBC, SIRIUS XM Satellite Radio and Politics Editor for TheRoot.com. He has previously appeared on CNN, Fox News, Al Jazeera, Current TV and CBS. His work has been featured on The Daily Show with Trevor Noah, The Late Show with Stephen Colbert and on ESPN. He has been quoted by The Guardian, The Washington Post, The Washington Times, The Wallstreet Journal, Buzzfeed, The Hill newspaper, the Cleveland Plain Dealer and the Atlanta Journal Constitution. Dr. Johnson is a University of Virginia alumnus and earned his PhD in Political Science from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. PLEASE SIGN UP FOR A PAID SUBSCRIPTION  How To Vote In The 2020 Election In Every State. Everything you need to know about mail-in and early in-person voting in every state in the age of COVID-19, including the first day you can cast your ballot in the 2020 election. (FiveThirtyEight / NBC News / Wall Street Journal)* *Aggregated by What The Fuck Just Happened Today? Pete on Twitter Pete On Instagram Pete Personal FB page Stand Up with Pete FB page

Dr. Williams is a forensic pathologist at the Ontario Forensic Pathology Service's Provincial Forensic Pathology Unit in Toronto and an Assistant Professor in the Department of Laboratory and Pathobiology at the University of Toronto. He completed Medical School at Western University, Anatomical Pathology residency at Dalhousie University, and Forensic Pathology training at the University of Toronto. In addition to his clinical work, he enjoys supervising and teaching medical trainees, lecturing on forensic pathology, and is engaged in research at the national and international level. Show notes available at northernexposurepodcast.ca

Researchers around the world are busy trying to develop a vaccine for COVID-19. How safe is the vaccine research? How many vaccines will we eventually get, and how effective will they be? How will the vaccines be distributed? Three leading scientists from the Pacific Northwest will help us understand the vaccine research and development process. Lucy Savits is Director of the Center for Health Research at Kaiser Permanente Northwest. Corey Casper is CEO of the Infectious Disease Research Institute, and Jacob Estes is Chief of the Pathobiology and Immunology division at OHSU.

Register for the Cultured Meat Symposium at http://cms20.com Tiffany Lee is the director of regulatory and scientific affairs for the North American Meat Institute where she provides informed scientific analysis to its members on many issues, including food safety, food processing, food quality, diet and health, nutrition, public health initiatives, biotechnology, new technologies, research priorities, and animal health. Lee earned her Doctor of Veterinary Medicine and Master of Science degrees from Kansas State University in 2012. After practicing in a mixed animal clinic in Limon, Colorado, she returned to Kansas State University to pursue a PhD degree in Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology. --- This episode is sponsored by · Charity Promotion: Democracy Works: This advertisement is part of a charitable initiative in partnership with Democracy Works. howto.vote Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/futurefoodshow/support

The application of the study of genetics and the use of big data to identify patterns of inheritance as well as de novo mutations has had a dramatic impact on the field of Autism Spectrum Disorder research, and it offers pathways to a greater understanding of biological mechanisms, even potentially treatments. Matthew State, chair of the department of psychiatry at University of California San Francisco, and his colleagues wrote a review paper in the journal Neuropsychopharmacology, called “Leveraging large genomic datasets to illuminate the pathobiology of autism spectrum disorders.” Have a listen to learn more! See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of hematopoietic stem cell diseases characterized by the excessive production of one or more... The post The MPN Sessions: pathobiology, therapeutic strategies & clinical trials appeared first on VJHemOnc.

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of hematopoietic stem cell diseases characterized by the excessive production of one or more... The post The MPN Sessions: pathobiology, therapeutic strategies & clinical trials appeared first on VJHemOnc.

Your favourite medical science podcast is making the most of ‘the new normal’ - this year’s Raw Talk Live event was broadcast entirely on YouTube! Over 8 weeks, we spoke to researchers all across Canada about all things COVID-19. Our 6th instalment focuses on COVID-19 testing – what the tests tell us and how they work, how testing has changed the course of the pandemic, and what we can expect from them in terms of epidemiological surveillance and recovery as we move forward. Dr. Adeli is a senior scientist and clinical biochemist with over 30 years of experience in clinical chemistry service, education, and research. He is currently the Head of Clinical Biochemistry at the Hospital for Sick Children and Full Professor in the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Biochemistry, and Physiology at the University of Toronto. Dr. Adeli also serves as the President of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) and the current Editor-in-Chief of Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences. Mary Kathryn Bohn is a PhD candidate in the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology at the University of Toronto. She earned her Bachelor’s degree in Biochemistry at McMaster University in 2018 and is now a trainee with the Canadian Laboratory Initiative on Paediatric Reference Intervals (CALIPER) under the supervision of Dr. Khosrow Adeli at The Hospital for Sick Children. Guest - Dr Khosrow Adeli Guest - Mary Kathryn Bohn Watch this stream on YouTube U of T Alumni Offers from our sponsors TD Insurance & MBNA COVID Decoded Feedback survey

Your favourite medical science podcast is making the most of ‘the new normal’ - this year’s Raw Talk Live event was broadcast entirely on YouTube! Over 8 weeks, we spoke to researchers all across Canada about all things COVID-19. Our 6th instalment focuses on COVID-19 testing – what the tests tell us and how they work, how testing has changed the course of the pandemic, and what we can expect from them in terms of epidemiological surveillance and recovery as we move forward. Dr. Adeli is a senior scientist and clinical biochemist with over 30 years of experience in clinical chemistry service, education, and research. He is currently the Head of Clinical Biochemistry at the Hospital for Sick Children and Full Professor in the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Biochemistry, and Physiology at the University of Toronto. Dr. Adeli also serves as the President of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) and the current Editor-in-Chief of Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences. Mary Kathryn Bohn is a PhD candidate in the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology at the University of Toronto. She earned her Bachelor’s degree in Biochemistry at McMaster University in 2018 and is now a trainee with the Canadian Laboratory Initiative on Paediatric Reference Intervals (CALIPER) under the supervision of Dr. Khosrow Adeli at The Hospital for Sick Children. Guest - Dr Khosrow Adeli Guest - Mary Kathryn Bohn Watch this stream on YouTube U of T Alumni Offers from our sponsors TD Insurance & MBNA COVID Decoded Feedback survey

​Alexis Stutzman, BIG Founder PhD Candidate, Genetics and Molecular Biology Curriculum at UNC Chapel Hill UNC-IMSD Genetics Diversity Excellence Fellow, B.S. Univ of Chicago ‘18 Alex studies molecular determinants of 3D genome architectural changes during fruit fly wing development. Markia Smith, BIG Co-organizer PhD Student in Pathobiology and Translational Science at the UNC Chapel Hill B.S. University of Delaware Markia uses integrative genomic approaches to study tumor biology, including genetic and environmental determinants, that cause racial/ethnic disparities.

A team at the University of Guelph is working on potential vaccine for the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19.Guest: Associate Professor with the Byram Bridle, of the Department of Pathobiology at University Guelph

This week we present two stories about people who sprung to action to help a dad. Part 1: To cheer up her ailing father, Victoria Ruiz decides to smuggle a turtle into his hospital room. Part 2: Stacey Bader Curry finally meets a nice guy -- the only catch is, he needs a liver. Dr. Victoria Ruiz is an Assistant Professor in Biology at St. Francis College and Adjunct Assistant Professor at NYU Langone medical center. She obtained her PhD in Pathobiology from Brown University, and she completed her postdoctoral work at New York University Langone Medical Center. Her primary research focuses on the effects of environmental perturbations of microbial communities on host immunity. In addition to research, she is passionate about increasing equity and inclusion in STEM and developing new and innovative pedagogical strategies to improve learning outcomes for undergraduate students interested in pursuing STEM fields. Stacey Bader Curry has a BA in art history and political science from Rutgers University. Naturally, she began her career by selling laboratory equipment at Weill Cornell Medical College. She now sells apartments but can still get you a good deal on a centrifuge. Stacey is also a writer and storyteller and has appeared on PBS’ Stories From the Stage, Yum’s the Word with Mo Rocca, and has won several Moth slams, including a Grand Slam. Stacey lives in Manhattan with her four children, husband, a dog named Pip, and cases of powder-free nitrile gloves. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We chat with Professor Byram Bridle, Associate Professor of Viral Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, about where we stand with a COVID-19 vaccine. 

Where did cinchona, the first medication to cure malaria, come from? This episode explores the murky history of the bark of the fever tree and its derivative chloroquine with mysterious pre-Columbian Pacific crossings of the plasmodium parasite, Jesuit priests and Inca healers, a Chinese Emperor performing a clinical trial to treat his fever, chemistry leading to the first modern pharmaceuticals, and imperialism on a global scale. This episode is the first of a multi-part series exploring how hydroxychloroquine became the great hope for treating COVID-19.   Sources: Jaramillo‐Arango, J. A Critical Review of the Basic Facts in the History of Cinchona. J Linn Soc Lond Botany 53, 272–311 (1949). Smith, N. K. A Cure for Ague. J Roy Soc Med 90, 589–590 (1997). Potter, C. W. A history of influenza. J Appl Microbiol 91, 572–579 (2001). Cunha, C. B. & Cunha, B. A. Brief history of the clinical diagnosis of malaria: from Hippocrates to Osler. J Vector Dis 45, 194–9 (2008). Goss, A. Building the world’s supply of quinine: Dutch colonialism and the origins of a global pharmaceutical industry. Endeavour 38, 8–18 (2014). Al-Bari, Md. A. A. Chloroquine analogues in drug discovery: new directions of uses, mechanisms of actions and toxic manifestations from malaria to multifarious diseases. J Antimicrob Chemoth 70, 1608–1621 (2015). Guastalegname, M. & Vallone, A. Could chloroquine /hydroxychloroquine be harmful in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment? Clin Infect Dis (2020) doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa321. Alia, E. & Grant-Kels, J. M. Does Hydroxychloroquine Combat COVID-19? A Timeline of Evidence. J Am Acad Dermatol (2020) doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.031. Seeler, A. O., Graessle, O. & Ott, W. H. Effect of Quinine on Influenza Virus Infections in Mice. J Infect Dis 79, 156–158 (1946). Savarino, A., Boelaert, J. R., Cassone, A., Majori, G. & Cauda, R. Effects of chloroquine on viral infections: an old drug against today’s diseases. Lancet Infect Dis 3, 722–727 (2003). Chakrabarti, P. Empire and Alternatives: Swietenia febrifuga and the Cinchona Substitutes. Med Hist 54, 75–94 (2010). Lonie, I. M. Fever pathology in the sixteenth century: tradition and innovation. Med Hist 25, 19–44 (1981). Luke, T. C. et al. Hark back: Passive immunotherapy for influenza and other serious infections. Crit Care Med 38, e66–e73 (2010). Shanks, G. D. Historical Review: Problematic Malaria Prophylaxis with Quinine. Am J Tropical Medicine Hyg 95, 269–272 (2016). Harrison, N. In celebration of the Jesuit’s powder: a history of malaria treatment. Lancet Infect Dis 15, 1143 (2015). Gerszten, E., Allison, M. J. & Maguire, B. Paleopathology in South American Mummies: A Review and New Findings. Pathobiology 79, 247–256 (2012). Haas, L. F. Pierre Joseph Pelletier (1788-1842) and Jean Bienaime Caventou (1795-1887). J Neurology Neurosurg Psychiatry 57, 1333 (1994). PROPHYLACTIC QUININE IN INFLUENZA. Lancet 204, 1152 (1924). Gensini, G. F. & Conti, A. A. The evolution of the concept of ‘fever’ in the history of medicine: from pathological picture per se to clinical epiphenomenon (and vice versa). J Infection 49, 85–87 (2004). Bergman, G. J. The history and importance of cinchona bark as an anti‐malarial febrifuge. Sci Educ 32, 93–103 (1948). Thompson, C. & MBE. The History and Lore of Cinchona. (n.d.). THE HUXLEY MEMORIAL. Lancet 146, 1381 (1895). Urdang, G. The Legend on Cinchona. (n.d.). Castro, M. C. de & Singer, B. H. Was malaria present in the Amazon before the European conquest? Available evidence and future research agenda. J Archaeol Sci 32, 337–340 (2005). Kummu M et al, How Close Do We Live to Water? A Global Analysis of Population Distance to Freshwater Bodies. PLoS One. 2011; 6(6): e20578. Dawson WT et al, IDIOSYNCRASY TO QUININE, CINCHONIDINE AND ETHYLHYDROCUPREINEv AND OTHER LEVOROTATORY ALKALOIDS OF THE CINCHONA SERIES: PRELIMINARY REPORT. JAMA 8 Mar 1930. Bynum WF, Cullen and the study of fevers in Bitain, 1760-1820. Medical History, supplement no 1, 1981.   Rodrigues PT et al, Human migration and the spread of malaria parasites to the New World. Nature, 31 January 2018.  Achan J et al, Quinine, an old anti-malarial drug in a modern world: role in the treatment of malaria. Malar J. 2011; 10: 144. Norn PH, On the history of Cinchona bark in the treatment of Malaria.Dansk Medicinhistorisk Arbog, 31 Dec 2015, 44:9-30. Cook H (2010). Testing the effects of Jesuit’s bark in the Chinese Emperor’s court. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation (https://www.jameslindlibrary.org/articles/testing-the-effects-of-jesuits-bark-in-the-chinese-emperors-court/)

We are featuring Dr. Jorge Simroth, a Feedlot Nutritional and Production Consultant at Feedlot Health Management Services in Okotoks, Alberta, Canada, who will talk about the current challenges that are faced by both the beef industry and the meat industry in North America. He obtained his B.S. in Agriculture at Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon. He then received his M.S. in Ruminant Nutrition from West Texas A&M University. Upon the completion of his M.S., he returned to Mexico to work as an animal Nutrition Consultant and Technical Services representative. In 2018, he graduated with his Ph.D. in Pathobiology from Kansas State University. In this bonus episode we will learn about: -The impact of the current pandemic on the meat industry in North America -The challenges in the beef industry during the Covid-19 pandemic -The negative impact on cattle prices -Government subsidies to help beef producers And a lot more.

This week Bobbi Conner talks with Dr. Besim Ogretmen about the development of a clinical research trial to see if T cells from patients who have recovered from COVID-19 can be used to help critically ill COVID-19 patients recover. Dr. Ogretmen is the Director for the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Lipidomics and Pathobiology at Hollings Cancer Center at MUSC.

Dr. Oriol Sunyer, Professor of Immunology and Pathobiology at University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, joins hosts Reuben Advani and Emily Advani to provide insight on the science behind the COVID-19 pandemic and weigh in on the continuing economic implications of the health crisis.

What's safe? What's not? On this episode of the show, Mark talks with Dr. Anne Matlow about playing pickleball in the time of COVID-19. She's Professor of Medicine, Paediatrics, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology at the University of Toronto. She is a retired infectious disease physician who was on Ontario's provincial advisory committee during the SARS outbreak of 2003.   Also mentioned: Jigsaw Health Selkirk Sport

  Dr. Crystal Icenhour is the founding CEO of Aperiomix, a precision infection testing company at the intersection of high tech and biotech. Aperiomics is a service company identifying every known bacteria, DNA virus, parasite, and fungus in one test. This technology is a novel combination of genomics and informatics transforming infectious disease diagnostics and saving lives. Dr. Icenhour is also the Principal of Icenhour Biotech, a consulting firm focused on providing support to the biotechnology community in the areas of leadership, innovation, and commercialization. Her professional goal is to bridge the translational gap between the worlds of business and science. She’s committed to improving patient health through better infectious disease testing. Dr. Icenhour earned her Ph.D., Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine in 2002 from the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine. She served as a senior postdoctoral fellow at Duke University Health System and a research fellow at the Mayo Clinic. She also attended the University of Tulsa where she earned her Bachelor’s Degree in Biology. What You’ll Hear On This Episode of When Science Speaks [01:00] Mark introduces his guest, Dr. Crystal Icenhour [02:51] Dr. Icenhour explains about why scientist struggle to commercialize their work [05:03] What made Dr. Icenhour interested in innovating pathogen diagnostic and gin fighting infection [07:27] Dr. Icenhour talks about why she’s interested in many different fields [11:03] Dr. Icenhour’s three-piece advice for people who want to start or join a science-based company [13:33] Dr. Icenhour shares how you can build a good network through conversations that connect people to you at a personal level [17:14] Dr. Icenhour describes the biotech industry in Virginia and where she can see it heading [22:18] Dr. Icenhourl talks about her career highlights and the challenges she faced along the way Connect with Crystal Icenhour Aperiomics Crystal’s Linkedin The Struggle to Commercialize Science There is a fundamental difference between the scientific work that is done in an academic setting and one that can be used for purposes of business and entrepreneurship. While the ultimate goal of academic scientific research is the pursuit of knowledge, it’s quite a different ball game when you put science in the world of business. Because science in business means serving the needs and wants of the market. According to Dr. Crystal Icenhour the transition of turning scientific research into a viable market product can be a struggle for the many scientists who are able to make breakthroughs but lack funding and support. Dr. Icenhour is passionate about bridging the translational gap between science and business and her scientific accomplishments and entrepreneurial milestones offer a unique success story of the transition from the discovery of knowledge into application for profits in business. Balancing your time, identifying your skills and your strengths are crucial in making it work but when you do get the work going, the business will start growing. Gaining confidence to make the transition from academics to corporate The idea of transitioning from the space of academic and research science to using science for entrepreneurial purposes can be daunting. But with the right network and support, you can make an easy transition and find a way to meld them together to create a unique space for innovations that can help a lot of people. And one of the key elements to building that network is by opening yourself up to the prospect of meeting new people who will resound with the vision you have in mind. Networking can be difficult for introverts but it’s not impossible. In fact, introverts have the unique capacity of holding key leadership roles because they have the ability to listen well and to empathize with people which is very important when you want to bring people into your fold. Build your network by creating conversations that bring a more personal side of you that encourages connections and flavor discussions with just the right amount of information that will keep the person interested in making the conversation last longer. The Outlook of The Biotech Industry in Virginia  STEM professionals will be pleasantly surprised that the biotech industry in Virginina is more robust than what people perceive it to be. There is so much room for growth and innovations in biotechnology, particularly in pharmaceutical innovations and in addressing veteran medical concerns. There is so much that can be done in Virginia and the industry there is looking to expand more to get under the radar of investors who can help make the industry flourish even more. Learn more about Dr. Crystal Icenhour’s experiences, expertise, and passion in this week’s episode of When Science Speaks. Connect With Mark and When Science Speaks http://WhenScienceSpeaks.com https://bayerstrategic.com/ On Twitter: https://twitter.com/BayerStrategic On Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Bayer-Strategic-Consulting-206102993131329 On YouTube: http://bit.ly/BSConTV On LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/markdanielbayer/ On Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/bayerstrategic/ On Medium: https://medium.com/@markbayer17 Subscribe to When Science Speaks on Apple Podcasts or Stitcher

For the final podcast of the year, we have managed to have a few consecutive ones, hopefully a good omen for the New Year. We are delighted to have Professor Ken Smith, Head of the Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences here at the RVC. He is Professor of companion animal pathology and could speak about a great many things from Tasmanian devil facial tumour disease to theatre. Though we thought we’d ask Ken more about what anatomical pathologists do for us, and also how we can help them in achieving that. We hope that you enjoy and Happy New Year.     Some articles of interest: https://www.rvc.ac.uk/Media/Default/Pathology%20and%20Diagnostic%20Laboratories/Documents/rvc-labs-services-pricelist-2020.pdf https://www.rcpath.org/discover-pathology/careers-in-pathology/careers-in-medicine/become-a-veterinary-pathologist.html https://www.msdvetmanual.com/clinical-pathology-and-procedures/collection-and-submission-of-laboratory-samples/collection-and-submission-of-laboratory-samples-from-animals http://apha.defra.gov.uk/External_OV_Instructions/Essential_Skills_for_Official_Veterinarians/Notifiable_Diseases/index.htm http://apha.defra.gov.uk/apha-scientific/services/lab/index.htm If you have any comments about this podcast, plese get in touch: email dbarfield@rvc.ac.uk; tweet @dombarfield. We would greatly appreciate your time to rate us on Apple podcast or Acast and kindly write us a review.

For the final podcast of the year, we have managed to have a few consecutive ones, hopefully a good omen for the New Year. We are delighted to have Professor Ken Smith, Head of the Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences here at the RVC. He is Professor of companion animal pathology and could speak about a great many things from Tasmanian devil facial tumour disease to theatre. Though we thought we’d ask Ken more about what anatomical pathologists do for us, and also how we can help them in achieving that. We hope that you enjoy and Happy New Year.     Some articles of interest: https://www.rvc.ac.uk/Media/Default/Pathology%20and%20Diagnostic%20Laboratories/Documents/rvc-labs-services-pricelist-2020.pdf https://www.rcpath.org/discover-pathology/careers-in-pathology/careers-in-medicine/become-a-veterinary-pathologist.html https://www.msdvetmanual.com/clinical-pathology-and-procedures/collection-and-submission-of-laboratory-samples/collection-and-submission-of-laboratory-samples-from-animals http://apha.defra.gov.uk/External_OV_Instructions/Essential_Skills_for_Official_Veterinarians/Notifiable_Diseases/index.htm http://apha.defra.gov.uk/apha-scientific/services/lab/index.htm If you have any comments about this podcast, plese get in touch: email dbarfield@rvc.ac.uk; tweet @dombarfield. We would greatly appreciate your time to rate us on Apple podcast or Acast and kindly write us a review.

Imagine a world where doctors could screen for or diagnose Alzheimer's with a simple blood or saliva test; identifying specific extracellular vesicles may be a key area of research to get us there. Dr. Kenneth Witwer, associate professor of molecular and comparative pathobiology and neurology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, discusses extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are small signaling particles that cells use to communicate with one another.  Dr. Witwer's research interests include: extracellular vesicles, RNA-mediated regulation, biomarker discovery, and therapeutic modulation of intrinsic and innate defenses. Tune in to discover how Dr. Witwer is integrating these areas of research into diagnostic tools and potential treatments for Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. In this episode, you will discover: · How viruses such as HIV utilize EVs to infect, invade, and integrate themselves into host cells · What role EVs have in cell-to-cell signaling in health and pathology · How EVs may someday help doctors obtain accurate diagnoses of diseases that are difficult to detect with current diagnostic tools For more information visit the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (www.isev.org/) – This website includes information on extracellular vesicles, including two free courses on function of EVs in health and disease. The latest research on EVs is also published in the Journal of Extracellular Vesicles (JEV).

On this episode of the FAAST podcast, we chat with Dr. Andrew Peregrine, a veterinarian and professor at the Ontario Veterinary College's Department of Pathobiology. Our conversations revolve around his perspectives on antimicrobial use in dairy production, the practice of antimicrobial stewardship, and best practices for managing dairy cattle health. This podcast series is brought to you by the Farmed Animal Antimicrobial Stewardship Initiative (FAAST). Drop us a line at info@amstewardship.ca or visit us at www.amstewardship.ca.

Associate Professor Corrina Ross, Ph.D. One of the biggest risk factors for disease and death is – of course – aging. What if there were common medications for sick people that could be given to otherwise healthy people to help them stay healthier longer? That’s the idea behind a new study looking at the effects of two diabetes drugs on the aging? Marmoset Photo Courtesy Kathy West Studios Texas Biomedical Research Institute Associate Professor Corinna Ross, Ph.D., is using marmosets to study the impact of Metformin and Acarbose. The study was published in the journal Pathobiology of Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Local grant money from the Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center helped fund this important pilot project. Dr. Ross says community financial support for biomedical research is crucial.

Jane Ferguson:                Hello, and welcome to Getting Personal, Omics of the Heart, your monthly podcast from Circulation: Genomic and Precision Medicine. I'm Jane Ferguson. It is August, 2019, and this is episode 31. Let's get started.                                            Our first paper comes from Freyja van Lint and Cynthia James, from University Medical Center Utrecht, and is entitled Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy-Associated Desmosomal Variants Are Rarely De Novo, Segregation and Haplotype Analysis of a Multinational Cohort. In this study, the team was interested in exploring variants that are associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy or ARVC. ARVC is often attributable to pathogenic variants in genes encoding cardiac desmosomal proteins, but the origin of these variants had not been comprehensively studied.                                            The investigators identified ARVC probands meeting 2010 task force criteria from three ARVC registries in the United States and Europe and who had undergone sequencing of desmosomal genes. All 501 probands, 322 of them, or over 64%, carried a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in the desmosomal genes PKP2, DSP DSG2, DSC2, and JUP. The majority of these, over 75%, we're not unique with these variants occurring in more than one proband.                                            The team performed cascade screening and were able to identify the parental origin of almost all of the variants. However, they identified three de novo variants, including two whole gene deletions. They conducted haplotype analysis for 24 PKP2 variants across 183 seemingly unrelated families and concluded that all of these variants originated from common founders.                                            This analysis sheds light on the origin of variants in desmosomal genes and suggests that the vast majority of these ARVC variants originate from ancient founders with only a very small proportion of de novo variants. These data can inform clinical care particularly concerning genetic counseling and cascade screening of relatives.                                            The next paper continues a theme of cardiomyopathy and comes from Derk Frank, Ashraf Yusuf Rangrez, Corinna Friedrich, Sven Dittmann, Norbert Frey, Eric Schulze-Bahr and colleagues from University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein. In this paper, Cardiac α-Actin Gene Mutation Causes Atrial-Septal Defects Associated with Late-Onset Dilated Cardiomyopathy, the team was interested in understanding the genetics of familial atrial-septal defect. They studied large multi-generational family with 78 family members and mapped a causal variant on chromosome 15q14, which caused nonsynonymous change in exon 5 of the ACTC1 gene.                                            In silico tools predicted this variant to be deleterious. Analysis of myocardial tissue from an affected individual revealed sarcomeric disarray, myofibrillar degeneration, and increased apoptosis. Proteomic analysis highlighted extracellular matrix proteins as being affected. The team over-expressed the mutation in rats and found structural defects and increased apoptosis in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes and confirmed defects in actin polymerization and turnover which affected contractility. These data implicate the variant in ACTC1 as causing atrial-septal defects and late-onset cardiomyopathy in this family and revealed the underlying molecular mechanisms affecting development and contractility.                                            The next paper is entitled Characterization of the CACNA1C-R518C Missense Mutation in the Pathobiology of Long-QT Syndrome Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Cardiomyocytes Shows Action Potential Prolongation and L-Type Calcium Channel Perturbation, and it comes from Steven Estes, Michael Ackerman and colleagues at the Mayo Clinic. They set out to use patient-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells to understand the pathogenicity of a variant in the CACNA1C gene in Long-QT Syndrome.                                            They obtained cells from dermal punch biopsy from an individual with long-QT and a family history of sudden cardiac death who carried an R518C missense mutation in CACNA1C. Starting with fibroblasts, they reprogrammed the cells into iPSCs and then differentiated these into cardiomyocytes. They corrected the mutation back to wild type using CRISPR/Cas9 and then compared the cardiomyocytes carrying the original patient mutation with isogenic corrected cardiomyocyte controls. They found significant differences in action, potential duration, and in calcium handling.                                            Patch clamp analysis revealed increased L-type calcium channel window current in the original mutation-carrying cells in addition to slow decay time and increased late calcium current compared with the isogenic corrected control human iPSC cardiomyocytes. These data strongly suggest that CACNA1C is a long-QT susceptibility gene and demonstrate the potential in using patient-derived iPSCs and CRISPR/Cas9 to understand underlying mechanisms linking variants to disease.                                            The final paper this month is Blood Pressure-Associated Genetic Variants in the Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-1 Gene Modulate Guanylate Cyclase Activity and comes from Sara Vandenwijngaert, Chris Newton-Cheh and colleagues on behalf of the CHARGE+ Exome Chip Blood Pressure Consortium, the CHD Exome+ Consortium, the Exome BP Consortium, the GoT2D Consortium, the T2D-GENES Consortium, and the UK Biobank CardioMetabolic Consortium Blood Pressure Working Group.                                            This team wanted to understand how variants in the NPR-1 gene affect the function of the atrial natriuretic peptide receptor-1. They performed a meta-analysis across over 491,000 unrelated individuals, including both low frequency and rare variants in NPR-1 to identify their association with blood pressure. They identified three nonsynonymous variants associated with altered blood pressure at genome-wide significance and examined the function of these variants in vitro.                                            Using cells expressing either wild type NPR-1 or one of the three identified variants, they explored the impact of the variants on the ability of cells to catalyzes the conversion of guanosine triphosphate to cyclic 3′,5′-guanosine monophosphate in response to binding of atrial or brain natriuretic peptide. Increased levels of cyclic GMP are known to decrease blood pressure by inducing by natriuresis, diuresis, and vasodilation.                                            Two variants which associated with high blood pressure in the population meta-analysis were associated with decreased cyclic GMP in response to ANP or BNP in vitro, while one variant which associated with lower blood pressure in humans was associated with higher cyclic GMP production in vitro. These data show that variants affecting loss or gain of function in guanylate cyclase activity could have downstream effects on blood pressure at the population level.                                            That's it for this month. Thank you for listening. We will be back with more next month. This podcast was brought to you by Circulation: Genomic and Precision Medicine and the American Heart Association Council on Genomic and Precision Medicine. This program is copyright American Heart Association 2019.  

Michael Sanderson is a Professor of Professor of Epidemiology in the Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University. Michael sat down with us in Borgo Egnazia, Puglia, Italy during the 2018 Open Session of the European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease. The theme of the session was based around 'Global Vaccine Security'Earlier in the day, Michael gave an insightful presentation on beef supply in the US and the percieved consequences of FMD outbreak. Michael talked to us about the economic barriers to sustained supply of quality vaccine in the United States of America.

Fabio DEL PIERO, Professor of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Baton Rouge - Louisiana, USA speaks on "Comparative Pathobiology as Diagnostic and Research Tool for Advancements in Animal and Human Health". This seminar has been recorded by ICGEB Trieste.

Today we are very fortunate to welcome Franco Rafael D’Alessio MD, assistant professor of medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine with a specialty on critical care medicine. If there is one thing that Dr. D’allasio knows, it is sepsis. In fact over the last several years he has published numerous papers on the immunology of lung disease, focusing on T cell use, macrophage response, and the changes to inflammation that occur with aging. Today he focuses his brilliance to a 45 minute talk that is essential if you ever want to truly understand what sepsis does to your patients!

WSP - P Fineman, J Pulmonary Hypertensive Vascular Disease - Pathobiology And Treatment by OPENPediatrics

In this podcast we bring you an interview with Dr. Darren Wood of the Ontario Veterinary College at the University of Guelph. Dr. Wood is an Associate Professor of Pathobiology and a Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists. In this podcast Dr. Wood discusses his CHF-funded research which focuses on immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA).   This podcast was made possible thanks to the generous support of the Kenneth A. Scott Charitable Trust, a KeyBank Trust.

In this edition of Genome Barks we hear from Dr. Nicola Mason, Assistant Professor of Medicine and Pathobiology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. Dr. Mason discusses her research of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and shares how the strides made in treating dogs with this type of lymphoma are impacting the treatment of lymphoma in people. This podcast was made possible thanks to the generous support of the Kenneth A. Scott Charitable Trust, a KeyBank Trust.

Interview with Prof. Mario Cazzola, Prof of Hematology at the University of Pavia. Prof Cazzola gives Molecular insights into the pathobiology of RA with ringed sideroblasts. The interview is led by Shaun McCann, Chair of EHATol Unit, Member of EHA Education Committee.

Interview with Prof. Mario Cazzola, Prof of Hematology at the University of Pavia. Prof Cazzola gives Molecular insights into the pathobiology of RA with ringed sideroblasts. The interview is led by Shaun McCann, Chair of EHATol Unit, Member of EHA Education Committee.

Neal Weintraub, MD, discusses his research on oxidative stress locally increased in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Disease and the possibility that Taurine might be a safe mode of therapy for humans. (September 4, 2008)

Guest: Mark Carvlin, PhD Host: Larry Kaskel, MD Medical Imaging to diagnose and manage cardiovascular disease

The latest outbreaks of avian influenza have raised concerns for the poultry industry. We already know a lot about influenza, so what are we missing? Are we prepared to deal with an endemic outbreak in the United States? What aspects should be taken into account when designing avian influenza control and mitigation strategies? In this episode, I talk to Dr. Giambrone about all of these issues, including the current situation of avian influenza in the United States and around the world, and possible strategies to handle it. "In case of a new avian influenza outbreak, I think the US will wait and see how these other countries vaccinate and control it to know how best to respond themselves." - Dr. Joseph Giambrone