Podcasts about glut4

This podcast from the "Metabolism Made Easy" channel **describes the body's response to food intake**, focusing on **how blood glucose and insulin levels interact**. After a meal, **blood glucose rises, prompting the pancreas to release insulin**. Insulin then **facilitates glucose uptake into muscle and fat cells** and **promotes glucose storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles**, ultimately **lowering blood glucose**. The video explains that **insulin increases glucose transporters (GLUT4) on muscle and adipose tissue**, enabling efficient glucose absorption by those tissues specifically. Furthermore, it highlights how **moderate exercise can enhance muscle glucose consumption**, suggesting that **combining insulin's effects with physical activity helps prevent post-meal blood glucose spikes** and **maintains stable blood sugar levels**.

Episode 189: Intermittent Fasting (Religious and Sports)Future Doctors Carlisle and Kim give recommendations about patients who are fasting for religious reasons, such as Ramadan. They also explain the benefits and risks of fasting for athletes and also debunked some myths about fasting. Dr. Arreaza add input about the side effects of fasting and ways to address them.    Written by Cameron Carlisle, MSIV (RUSM) and Kyung Kim, MSIV (AUC). Editing by Hector Arreaza, MD.You are listening to Rio Bravo qWeek Podcast, your weekly dose of knowledge brought to you by the Rio Bravo Family Medicine Residency Program from Bakersfield, California, a UCLA-affiliated program sponsored by Clinica Sierra Vista, Let Us Be Your Healthcare Home. This podcast was created for educational purposes only. Visit your primary care provider for additional medical advice.Introduction: In the last episode on fasting (#179), we explored how intermittent fasting (IF) can help manage type 2 diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity, promoting weight loss, and lowering inflammation. We discussed the benefits of methods like 16:8 time-restricted eating and the 5:2 meal plan, and even compared IF to medications like metformin. Today, we're bringing that science into real life. We'll talk about how people fast for religious reasons, like during Ramadan, how athletes use IF to stay in shape, and how we can use IF as a tool in family medicine to support community health and A1c control.Intermittent Fasting in Religious PracticeRamadan just ended on 3/30/25, but this is a great time to talk about the broader role of fasting in religion and health. Many faiths incorporate fasting into spiritual practice and understanding this can help us better support our patients.Islam (Ramadan): Ramadan is a month where Muslims fast from dawn to sunset, focusing on spiritual reflection and self-control. No food or drink is consumed during daylight hours. Despite this, studies have shown that with good planning, fasting during Ramadan does not significantly impair physical performance or metabolic health.Key health tips for patients observing Ramadan:Hydrate well between iftar (sunset) and suhoor (pre-dawn).Break the fast with dates and water to gently replenish energy and electrolytes.Eat balanced meals with complex carbs, protein, and healthy fatsAvoid greasy, heavy foods right after fastingLight exercise (such as a walk) after iftar is beneficialReview medications with a healthcare provider, especially for those on insulin or sulfonylureas.For example: Metformin should be taken when you break your fast and then again before dawn. If its an extended-release metformin, take it at night. Metformin does not cause significant hypoglycemia and can be continued during Ramadan. Basal insulin is advised to be given at Iftar, and the dose should be reduced by 25-35% if the patient is not well managed. And regarding the fast-acting insulin, it requires a little more reading, so you can look it up and learn about it. Judaism: In Judaism, fasting is practiced on days like Yom Kippur and Tisha B'Av, typically lasting 25 hours without food or water. These fasts are spiritual and reflective, and patients with medical conditions may seek guidance on how to participate safely.Christianity: Many Christians fast during Lent, either by abstaining from certain foods or limiting meal frequency. Some practice partial-day fasts or water-only fasts for spiritual renewal.A branch of Christianity known as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saintsoften observe a 24-hour fast on the first Sunday of each month, known as Fast Sunday, where they abstain from food and drink and donate the cost of meals to charity. This practice is both spiritual and communal.Cameron: Fasting for religious reasons, when done safely, can align with IF protocols and be culturally sensitive for diverse patients in family medicine.IF in Athletes and PerformanceIntermittent fasting is gaining popularity in the sports world. Athletes are using IF to improve body composition, increase fat oxidation, and enhance metabolic flexibility. A recent study, known as the DRIFT trial and published in Annals of Internal Medicine, found that fasting three non-consecutive days a week led to more weight loss than daily calorie restriction. Participants lost an average of 6.37 pounds more over 12 months.Why? Better adherence. People found the 3-day fasting schedule easier to stick to than counting calories every day.Benefits of IF for athletes:Encourages fat burning (via AMPK activation and GLUT4 upregulation, listen to ep. 179).Helps maintain lean muscle while reducing fat.No major drop in performance when meals and workouts are timed properly.What are some practical tips?Schedule workouts during or just before eating windows.Eat protein-rich meals post-workout.Avoid intense training during long fasts unless adapted.Stay hydrated, especially in hot environments or endurance sports.Broader Applications and Myths Around IFHormonal Effects of IF: In addition to improving insulin sensitivity, IF also affects hormones such as ghrelin (which stimulates hunger, remember it as growling) and leptin (which signals fullness). Over time, IF may help the body regulate appetite better and reduce cravings. IF can also decrease morning cortisol levels, the stress hormone. That's why it's important to monitor sleep, hydration, and stress levels when recommending IF.Circadian Rhythm Alignment: Emerging research shows that aligning eating times with natural light/dark cycles—eating during the day and fasting at night—can improve metabolic outcomes. This practice, known as early time-restricted eating (eTRE), has been shown to lower blood glucose, reduce insulin levels, and improve energy use. Patients who eat earlier in the day tend to have better results than those who eat late at night.Myths and Clarifications on IF:-“Fasting slows metabolism” In fact, short-term fasting may boost metabolism slightly due to increased norepinephrine. -“You can't exercise while fasting.” Many people can safely train during fasted states, especially for moderate cardio or strength training. -“Skipping breakfast is bad.” For some, skipping breakfast is a useful IF strategy—as long as total nutrition is maintained. You can break your fast at 2:00 pm, it does have to be at 7:00 AM.What to Eat When Breaking a FastBreaking a fast properly is just as important as fasting itself. Whether it's after a Ramadan fast or a 16-hour fast, the goal is to replenish energy gently and restore nutrients.Ideal foods to break a fast:Dates and water: provide quick energy, potassium, and fiberSoups: lentil or broth-based soups are gentle on digestionComplex carbs: whole grains like brown rice or oatsLean proteins: chicken, fish, eggs, legumesFruits and vegetables: hydrate and provide fiberHealthy fats: nuts, avocado, olive oilProbiotics: yogurt or kefir for gut supportBalanced meals with carbs, protein, and healthy fats help the body transition smoothly back to a fed state.Using IF in Family Medicine and Community HealthIntermittent fasting can be a practical, cost-effective strategy in family medicine. In areas with high rates of obesity and diabetes, like Kern County, IF offers a lifestyle-based tool to improve metabolic health, especially in underserved populations. IF is free!How IF can help in family medicine:Lower A1c levels: improves insulin sensitivity and glucose controlPromote weight loss: decreases insulin resistance and inflammationReduce medication dependence: fewer meds needed over time for some patientsEncourage patient engagement: flexible and easier to follow than strict calorie countingFit diverse lifestyles: aligns with religious and cultural practicesAddress food insecurity: structured eating windows can help patients stretch limited food resourcesHow to apply IF in clinic:Start the conversation by asking if the patient has heard of IFRecommend simple starting points: 12:12 or 14:10Emphasize hydration and nutrient-dense mealsMonitor labs and symptoms, especially in diabetic patientsAdjust medications to avoid hypoglycemiaProvide follow-up and patient education handouts if possibleWhat if a patient isn't ready to try fasting?For those not ready to commit to intermittent fasting, one effective alternative is walking after meals. A simple 10–20 minute walk post-meal can help stimulate GLUT4 receptors in skeletal muscle, promoting glucose uptake independent of insulin. This reduces the demand on pancreatic beta cells and may help improve blood sugar control over time. This strategy is particularly useful for patients with insulin resistance or early-stage type 2 diabetes.Conclusion: Intermittent fasting is not one-size-fits-all, but it can be a powerful tool for both individual and community health. From Ramadan to race day, IF has a place in family medicine when used thoughtfully. Encourage patients to work with their healthcare providers to find an approach that fits their lifestyle, medical needs, and personal values. IF is a cost-effective toolEven without trying, every night you go to bed a little wiser. Thanks for listening to Rio Bravo qWeek Podcast. We want to hear from you, send us an email at RioBravoqWeek@clinicasierravista.org, or visit our website riobravofmrp.org/qweek. See you next week! _____________________References:American Academy of Family Physicians. (2022). "Intermittent Fasting: A Promising Treatment for Diabetes." AAFP Community Blog. https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/afp-community-blog/entry/intermittent-fasting-a-promising-treatment-for-diabetes.htmlHealthline. (2023). "What Breaks a Fast? Foods, Drinks, and Supplements." https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/what-breaks-a-fast.Sarri KO, Tzanakis NE, Linardakis MK, Mamalakis GD, Kafatos AG. Effects of Greek Orthodox Christian Church fasting on serum lipids and obesity. BMC Public Health. 2003 May 16;3:16. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-3-16. PMID: 12753698; PMCID: PMC156653. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC156653/.Shang, Y., et al. (2024). "Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Obesity-Related Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review." eClinicalMedicine.https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(24)00098-1.Abaïdia AE, Daab W, Bouzid MA. Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Physical Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2020 May;50(5):1009-1026. doi: 10.1007/s40279-020-01257-0. PMID: 31960369. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31960369/.Theme song, Works All The Time by Dominik Schwarzer, YouTube ID: CUBDNERZU8HXUHBS, purchased from https://www.premiumbeat.com/.

Send us a textIn this solo episode, I'm diving deep into one of my favorite metabolic hacks: the humble postprandial stroll. As a physiologist and health coach, I've seen firsthand how this 10-15 minute habit can outsize its effort—slashing blood sugar spikes, turbocharging GLUT4 transporters, and unlocking the soleus muscle's “secret” glucose-burning superpowers. With metabolic chaos everywhere, I'll break down why moving after meals isn't just about steps—it's about reclaiming energy, mood, and longevity through a lens of modern physiology.I'll geek out on studies to show why timing your walk matters more than duration, how calf raises can save the day when you're stuck at a desk, and why chewing your food like an Ayurvedic pro pairs perfectly with post-meal movement. Spoiler: Big Pharma's GLP-1 agonists? We can boost those naturally. I'll also share why dinner timing + a stroll might be your sleep's new best friend, and how skipping this habit keeps you on the blood sugar rollercoaster. This episode is for anyone tired of post-meal slumps, brain fog, or fearing carbs. I'm handing you the science to transform walking (or calf raises!) into a “micro-dose” of metabolic magic. Whether you're optimizing for performance, longevity, or just want to feel lighter after meals, let's make postprandial strolls your non-negotiable. Ready to move with your metabolism—not against it? Let's stroll.Looking to discover your science and optimize your life?APPLY FOR HEALTH OPTIMIZATION COACHINGhttps://coaching.knowyourphysio.org/Episode Overview: Health, Longevity, and High Performance. [00:00:11]Benefits of Postprandial Strolls. [00:02:12]Key Definitions: Postprandial Metabolism. [00:02:34]Key Definitions: Blood Glucose and Insulin. [00:03:27]Key Definitions: GLUT4 Transporters. [00:04:07]Key Definitions: GLP-1. [00:05:01]Key Definitions: Soleus Muscle. [00:05:55]Influence on Digestion and Gut Health. [00:07:33]Benefits of Calf Raises. [00:10:04]Energy, Mood, and Longevity Benefits. [00:10:58]Actionable Steps and Tips. [00:16:00]Conclusion. [00:16:33]Listen to Weight Management and Obesity Medication Podcast EpisodeImportant Links:Chen et al. (2022): Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with Intermittent Walking Increases Postprandial Gut Hormone ResponsesHamilton et al. (2022) A potent physiological method to magnify and sustain soleus oxidative metabolism improves glucose and lipid regulationEngeroff et al. (2023): After Dinner Rest a While, After Supper Walk a Mile?Lipp et al. (2000): Effects of postprandial walking on delayed gastric emptying and intragastric meal distribution in longstanding diabeticsSupport the show

Discover the hidden power of exercise in transforming your health and longevity in this illuminating conversation with Dr. Sims, a leading expert in physiology and performance. This eye-opening episode explores the brain-boosting effects of physical activity and uncovers the alarming trend of early-onset muscle loss, and the myriad of health implications of losing muscle as we age. Dr Sims then outlines what training we should all be doing, and highlights important differences for peri and postmenopausal females from the rest of the population, exploring  the role of maternal health in offspring development to the unique challenges of menopause, Dr. Sims provides actionable insights to optimise your wellbeing at any age. Tune in for a blend of cutting-edge science and practical tips that could revolutionise your approach to health and fitness. Key Topics: Exercise and ageing: The broad impact of physical activity on various aspects of the body's ageing process Gender bias in medical research: Historical focus on male subjects and its implications for AI in healthcare Myokines: Understanding these muscle-derived signalling proteins and their effects on metabolism and health GLUT4 and insulin sensitivity: The role of glucose transporters in metabolic health, particularly for women during menopause Brain health and exercise: The critical relationship between physical activity and cognitive function, including the importance of BDN Sarcopenia: The alarming trend of early-onset muscle loss and its long-term health consequences Maternal obesity: Its potential links to neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring, such as autism spectrum disorder and ADHD Memorable Quotes: “when we're doing intensity or even study state with some lactate production, because it does happen. seeing the brain using its preferred” “when people are severely depressed and then they get put into either resistance training or high intensity work very much. It brings them out of depression, keeps them out of there.” “As an exercise physiologist, you know, we need to teach people to train well while they're on it.” “the more muscle you have, the stronger you are and the better metabolism you have” “Osteoporosis is not just a woman's disease. We're seeing significant increase in men, younger men at that too.” Actionable Takeaways: Do regular exercise and physical activities to help improve brain health and metabolic function, and combat ageing. Be aware of gender bias in health information: Recognise that historical medical research has often focused on men, which may affect the accuracy of AI-generated health advice for women. Focus on building and maintaining muscle mass and take steps to prevent sarcopenia (muscle loss) early Especially for women approaching menopause, understand the role of GLUT4 in glucose metabolism and take measures to maintain insulin sensitivity. Engage in activities that increase Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, often described as 'miracle grow' for the brain, to support cognitive function. Consider the intensity of your workouts as it plays a crucial role in health benefits Maintain a healthy weight during pregnancy Resources Mentioned: https://www.drstacysims.com/ Connect with Dr Stacy Sims:Learn more about Dr Stacy Sims Dr Stacy Sims on LinkedInDr Stacy Sims on FacebookDr Stacy Sims on Instagram Dr Stacy Sims on YouTube  Connect with Paul Taylor:Learn more about Paul TaylorPaul Taylor on LinkedIn Paul Taylor on Instagram Paul Taylor on YouTube  Support the Podcast:If you found this episode valuable, please consider subscribing, rating, and leaving a review on your preferred podcast platform. Your support helps us reach more people with important conversations like this one. Share this episode with someone who might benefit from hearing it—emotional eating is more common than we think, and this conversation could make a difference in someone's life.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode of The Metabolic Classroom, Dr. Ben Bikman explores the metabolic effects of estrogens, particularly their role in glucose metabolism.Estrogens, mainly produced in the gonads, play a crucial role in regulating blood glucose by enhancing insulin sensitivity. Dr. Bikman explained that estrogens improve insulin signaling through pathways such as PI3 kinase and AKT, which are essential for glucose uptake in muscle and fat tissues. Additionally, estrogens activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), further promoting glucose uptake and maintaining healthy blood glucose levels.Estrogens also suppress glucose production in the liver by inhibiting key enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis, helping to prevent excess glucose release into the bloodstream. In contrast, progesterone decreases insulin sensitivity and promotes insulin resistance, counteracting some of estrogen's beneficial effects. This hormonal interplay affects glucose metabolism during the ovarian cycle, with estrogen-dominant phases being more favorable for glucose control.During menopause, the significant drop in estrogen levels leads to increased insulin resistance and shifts in fat storage, often resulting in more central fat accumulation. While hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can mitigate some of these changes, it comes with risks that need careful consideration. Ben emphasizes the significant role of estrogens in glucose metabolism and their broader impact on metabolic health, especially in women.https://www.insuliniq.com 01:19 - Overview of Estrogens and Progesterone02:20 - Cholesterol as the Precursor to Sex Hormones03:34 - The Role of Aromatase in Estrogen Production04:32 - Understanding the Family of Estrogens05:56 - Estrogens and Glucose Metabolism: Key Signaling Pathways06:54 - Insulin Signaling Pathway Overview08:57 - How Estrogens Enhance Insulin Sensitivity10:04 - The Role of AMPK in Glucose Uptake12:11 - Estrogens' Dual Mechanism in Regulating Glucose Levels13:18 - The Impact of Estrogens on Liver Glucose Production15:33 - Estrogens' Role in Suppressing Gluconeogenesis17:07 - Why Women Have Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes19:28 - Metabolic Effects During the Ovarian Cycle21:54 - Progesterone's Influence on Insulin Resistance and Fat Storage25:16 - The Shift in Fat Storage Patterns Post-Menopause26:16 - Hormone Replacement Therapy: Metabolic ConsiderationsPI3K activation leads to the phosphorylation of Akt, a key protein in glucose metabolism, which promotes the translocation of GLUT4 (glucose transporter type 4) to the cell membrane, facilitating glucose uptake into muscle and adipose tissue: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S155041311930138X?via%3Dihub AMPK acts as an energy sensor and helps maintain cellular energy balance, which is crucial in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12013-015-0521-z Progesterone increases blood glucose levels by enhancing hepatic gluconeogenesis. This effect is mediated by the progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) in the liver, which activates gluconeogenesis pathways, leading to increased glucose production, especially under conditions of insulin resistance: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-73330-7 Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

CardioNerds (Drs. Gurleen Kaur and Richard Ferraro) and episode FIT Lead Dr. Saahil Jumkhawala (Cardiology Fellow at the University of Miami) discuss SGLT inhibitors, focusing on the biology of SGLT and its inhibition, with Dr. Katherine Tuttle (Executive Director for Research at Providence Healthcare, Co-Principal Investigator of the Institute of Translational Health Sciences, and Professor of Medicine at the University of Washington).  Show notes were drafted by Dr. Saahil Jumkhawala. The episode audio was engineered by CardioNerds intern Christiana Dangas. This episode was produced in collaboration with the American Society of Preventive Cardiology (ASPC) with independent medical education grant support from Lexicon Pharmaceuticals. CardioNerds Prevention PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademyCardionerds Healy Honor Roll CardioNerds Journal ClubSubscribe to The Heartbeat Newsletter!Check out CardioNerds SWAG!Become a CardioNerds Patron! Pearls - The Biology of SGLT Inhibition with Dr. Katherine Tuttle SGLT inhibitors, while initially developed as antidiabetic medications, have been shown to be beneficial for cardiovascular and renal outcomes. These benefits result from their on-target glucosuric effects and additional off-target effects. The side effect profiles of SGLTis are primarily mediated by glucose reabsorption in their target tissues. The side effect profile of SGLTis must be considered when prescribing these medications and is generally favorable for SGLT2is versus SGLT1is. Once SGLTis are prescribed, patients should be given specific attention to their eGFR, serum potassium, and clinical evaluations of volume status and blood pressure. Strategies to increase implementation of and reduce clinical inertia for these important class of medication remain an area of active investigation Show notes - The Biology of SGLT Inhibition with Dr. Katherine Tuttle What should prompt consideration of starting an SGLT inhibitor? Considerations for SGLT inhibitor initiation are based on a history of heart failure, kidney disease, and diabetes status. In the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, empagliflozin improved cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in those with low GFR (regardless of level of albuminuria). What is the mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors? SGLT2 inhibitors improve glycemic control by blocking SGLT2 receptor-mediated reabsorption of glucose in the proximal convoluted tubule, where 80-90% of this reuptake occurs, and increased downstream excretion of glucose and sodium chloride. SGLT2 inhibitors provide only a modest glucose-lowering effect, particularly for patients with GFR

The longevity research world is exploding right now, it's so exciting and the technology is advancing in leaps and bounds and we are able now to discover faster than ever before thanks to AI and co to test more molecules that can impact human health than ever before in the history of mankind. What would have taken years now takes weeks or months. In this episode I talk to Michael Antonelli CEO and founder of Healthgevity. Michael is a master formulator who has spent decades in the anti-ageing and longevity space learning at the feet of many masters and who is at the forefront of working with companies at the cutting edge in peptide and bioactive ingredient development. All his formulations are science backed with clinical research and I was excited to learn about something of these novel molecules Introduction to Healthgevity and its CEO, Michael Antonelli Overview of Healthgevity's approach: merging clinical research, AI, and medical expertise Exploring the importance of longevity in today's society Michael Antonelli's journey and motivation behind founding Healthgevity The role of cutting-edge science in developing longevity supplements How Healthgevity collaborates with clinical practitioners and doctors Deep dive into Healthgevity's science-backed formulations Examples of specific ingredients and their benefits in promoting longevity The impact of AI in optimizing formulations and personalizing supplementation Addressing common misconceptions about longevity supplements Future prospects and advancements in the longevity industry   BIO   Throughout a career spanning over 17 years, Michael passionately devoted himself to pioneering methods aimed at enhancing longevity, optimizing healthspan, and elevating overall quality of life. His focus revolves around collaborating with leading healthcare professionals, researchers, and other likeminded healthcare leaders to create natural solutions that elevate patient outcomes. Michael utilizes his past experiences that integrates a diverse range of therapies and services, spanning from precision diagnostics to practice management strategies, hormone optimization, nutritional supplements, and leveraging peptides. Previous roles included Chief Innovation Officer, Executive Director, and Business Development for leading companies within the healthcare industry before founding Healthgevity. His expertise extends beyond conventional approaches, emphasizing holistic well-being and personalized care as essential components to any successful medical practice. By championing novel methodologies and innovative technologies, Michal facilitates transformative changes within the healthcare landscape, fostering advancements that positively impact both practitioners and the individuals they serve.  Michael continues to remain dedicated to the pursuit of innovative strategies that enhance health and vitality while reshaping the paradigms of healthcare.   Some of the products mentioned in this podcast:   CARDIO NAD+ Vascular health and aging are the most important health care problem in the world today. Healthy aging requires healthy arteries and a healthy heart. Cardio NAD+ is a state-of-the-art solution which uses the most novel ingredients available to help optimize cardiovascular health. As one of the most important systems in your body, we have designed this combination to be synergistic to the many different areas of cardiovascular health while demonstrating cardioprotective effects including the emerging connection between NAD+ and heart health. Featured Supportive Benefits: Improves net NAD+ status by supporting both its synthesis and limiting its degradation Supports healthy blood pressure Improves vascular aging and endothelial function Supports healthy fibrinolytic activity and clotting function Promotes healthy circulation and blood flow Inhibits platelet & red blood cell aggregation Decreases blood viscosity Supports clinical measures of inflammation Supports healthy blood sugar and insulin levels Inhibits lipid peroxidation Supports healthy lipid metabolism Demonstrated reduction in various independent cardiovascular risk factors   Resolve+ Resolve+ contains numerous compounds that have been found to reduce the inflammatory response by targeting a variety of mechanisms.  Acmella oleracea ("jambu") is sourced from Sardinia, Italy and rich in alkylamides mainly represented by spilanthol. Its flowers are widely used in folk medicine to treat toothache due to tingling, numbness, and local anesthesia caused in the mouth.  Acmella oleracea has been shown to be active in fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibition the enzyme responsible for the degradation of fatty acid amides and cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) activation.  There are almost 100 studies suggesting the supportive potential for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic effects of Acmella. Studies reported in this review confirmed activities of Acmella, postulating that transcription factors of the nuclear factor-κB family (NF-κB) trigger the transcription iNOS and COX-2 and several other pro-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), has been well documented to exhibit various health benefits. There have been many claims on the health benefits of curcumin on neurological, cardiovascular, lung, metabolic, and liver function, mainly through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Despite its promising potential, the clinical application of curcumin has been limited due to its low bioavailability. To enhance curcumin absorption, we are the first to feature Theracurmin Super® 85X, a proprietary curcumin utilizing the latest technology that transforms standard curcumin into an amorphous structure. Theracurmin Super® 85X uses the latest technology to transform regular curcumin particles into a more bioavailable structure. This is done by splitting curcumin particles' crystal structure amorphous, therefore, making it easily absorbed and bioavailable to maximize its supportive potential. Tetrahydrocurcumin (4-HC) is the key bioactive derivative of curcumin, it's also given credibility as the engine behind all that curcumin brings to the table. With a newfound ability to extract and isolate the compound, research has even seen tetrahydrocurcumin outperform its parent compound in several tests of its capabilities. Researchers have also confirmed that 4-HC attenuated pro-inflammatory indicators like interleukin-1, interleukin-6, TNF-⍺, and prostaglandin E2.  After reviewing the data, we found many advantages to infuse tetrahydrocurcumin as CurcuPrime® stacked with Theracurmin Super® 85X into Resolve+. Quercetin is a well-known studied dietary flavonoid ubiquitously present in various vegetables. Quercetin is known for its antioxidant activity in radical scavenging and anti-allergic properties characterized by stimulation of immune system, antiviral activity, inhibition of histamine release, decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines, leukotrienes creation, and suppresses interleukin IL-4 production.  Multiple studies have confirmed its supportive potential as an immune modulator and its ability to support a healthy inflammatory response. It can improve the Th1/Th2 balance, and restrain antigen specific IgE antibody formation However, chemical instability, poor water solubility and low bioavailability of quercetin greatly limit its applications which is why a phytosome technology which we feature in resolve is the preferred delivery system to overcome these limitations.  This enhanced form of quercetin has been shown to be as much as 20 times better absorbed than other quercetin options.  Casperome®  boswellia phytosome is a potent extract made from the resin of Boswellia serrata trees and is also referred as Indian frankincense. Boswellia extracts have been demonstrated to be effective in the management of various inflammatory response functions including those that occur in the bowel, joints, bones, respiratory airways and in the brain. The mechanism of action that involves the modulation of the natural inflammatory response both acting on prostanoid synthesis (mPGE2S) and protein degradation (caspases), and transcription factors (Nf-κB).  We have selected Casperome® which is a highly standardized in boswellic acids to match the natural composition of boswellia, formulated with phytosome technology to achieve optimized absorption and has been validated by over 10 human studies. Perilla frutescens is an annual herb belonging to the mint family (Lamiaceae). It is mainly produced in countries like China, Japan, India, Thailand and Korea. Recently, Perilla is gaining more attention because of its medicinal benefits and phytochemical contents. The functional compounds of Perilla Seed Extract are flavonoid Aglycons – polyphenols such as Luteolin, Apigenin, Chrysoeriol, and Rosemarinic Acid. Studies have shown that Perilla seed polyphenols regulate allergic and inflammatory response due to its 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity and suppression potential of histamine release from mast cells. AstraGin® is a natural compound derived from the roots of two traditional Chinese herbs: Panax notoginseng and Astragalus membranaceous which contain astragaloside I, II, IV and ginsenoside Rb1. AstraGin® has been shown to provide full-spectrum gut support through enhanced absorption, microbiota and immune cell viability, and supporting a health. AstraGin® has been shown in numerous studies to increase the absorption of peptides, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and phytonutrients by up regulating the absorption specific mRNA and transporters, such as SGLT1, CAT1, and GLUT4. Additionally, AstraGin® was shown to reduce intestinal inflammatory biomarker MPO, the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17, and IL-1β in ulcerative colitis patients. Prime Gut Health Prime Gut Health was created because the digestive system is the foundation of getting and staying healthy. There are many benefits to an optimal digestive system such as a healthy immune system and the protection against harmful viruses, bacteria, fungi, and yeast. The ingredients selected in Prime Gut Health work together to help restore gut homeostasis and GI barrier function.    There are many benefits to taking Prime Gut Health, including:  Supports healthy GI barrier function*   Helps restore gut homeostasis* Binds and neutralizes bacterial toxins in the gut*  Promotes a healthy immune system and respiratory health* Supports digestive health and gut discomfort*  Increased nutrient absorption*  Supports gut inflammation especially within the intestinal wall*  Promotes a healthier GI environment* Promoted regularity and healthy bowel function*    WHAT MAKES PRIME GUT HEALTH SO IMPACTFUL? ImmunoLin® is the branded ingredient serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) with over 40 human studies demonstrating its clinical efficacy in digestive and immune health.   SBI has been shown to be a broad-spectrum modulator of the immune system by targeting excessive or imbalanced immunity.* In addition, ImmunoLin® works by binding, neutralizing, and removing pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and other gut irritants that can lead to inflammation.* It also helps to repair the gut lining and restore gut homeostasis.*   Tributyrin (as CoreBiome®) is a postbiotic and the most important short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) for supporting digestive, gut, immune and gastrointestinal health. CoreBiome® is a unique butyrate formula intended to pass intact through the stomach and small intestine to deliver butyrate right where it's needed—the colon.  CoreBiome® supports: Delivery of butyrate to the colon where it helps maintain the integrity of your intestinal lining* Helps repair the gut lining and restore gut homeostasis*  Tight junctures in the intestinal lining*  Regularity and regulation of a normal inflammatory response* Sporebiotics:  Soil-based probiotics have been touted for their stability, ability to improve digestion, stimulate the immune system, and help maintain a healthy gut microbiota. Bacillus coagulans SNZ 1969®, Bacillus subtilis SNZ 1972 and Bacillus clausii SNZ 1971 are supported with an over 50 year history of use and over 30 human studies covering gut health, gastrointestinal discomfort, immunity against GI tract pathogens, inhibition of food borne pathogens, inhibition of bacteria causing dental carries and gingivitis along with bacterial vaginosis. AstraGin® is a 100% natural compound derived from the roots of two traditional Chinese herbs: Panax notoginseng and Astragalus membranaceous,  containing astragaloside I, II, IV and ginsenoside Rb1. AstraGin® enhances nutrient absorption by up-regulating nutrient transporters, such as CAT1, SGLT1, and FR. AstraGin® restores gut wall integrity by triggering an anti-inflammatory response and activating the mTOR pathway for rapid intestinal stem cell migration and differentiation in the inflamed intestinal mucosal barrier (epithelial cell and tight junction). AstraGin® promotes gut ecosystem homeostasis by the symbiotic effect of restoring gut wall integrity and increasing microbiota-immunity communication.  AstraGin® activates the immune system through the symbiotic effect of improved gut wall integrity and enhanced microbiota-immunity communication. AstraGin® demonstrated in a recent published human clinical trial, to improve upon a number of measurable factors relating to gut health making it an ideal addition into Prime Gut Health.  PrimeTime  Prime Time is a comprehensive blend of 12 key natural ingredients shown to have a role in supporting age management powered by industry leading 10mg's of spermidine per serving.  Prime Time has been formulated with ingredients to mimic fasting and catalyze your body's natural ability to rid itself of aged cells.  Various publications demonstrate the potential this formula will have in your longevity protocols as Prime Time was formulated to support:   Epigenetic aging*  Boosting autophagy and promote cellular renewal*  Fasting* Memory, cognition, and brain health* Cardiovascular health* Beauty from within* Mitochondria*  WHAT MAKES PRIME TIME SO IMPACTFUL? Spermidine Spermidine, a natural polyamine, plays a critical role in molecular and cellular interactions involved in various physiological and functional processes. Spermidine has been shown to modulate aging, suppress the occurrence and severity of age-related diseases, and prolong lifespan.  The concentration of spermidine declines with age, and exogenous spermidine supplementation reverses age- associated adverse changes and supports health span. Given that it interacts with various molecules, spermidine influences aging through diverse mechanisms.  Autophagy is the body's way of cleaning out damaged cells, to regenerate newer, healthier cells and is the main mechanism of spermidine. In addition, spermidine exerts its effects through other mechanisms, including anti-inflammation, histone acetylation reduction, lipid metabolism and regulation of cell growth and signaling pathways. Nicotinamide mononucleotide  Nicotinamide mononucleotide, a naturally occurring molecule present in all species.  NMN is rapidly absorbed and converted to NAD+, which evidence shows declines as we age.  In numerous studies, supplementation has increased NAD+ biosynthesis, suppressed age-related adipose tissue inflammation, enhanced insulin secretion and insulin action, improved mitochondrial function, and improves neuronal function in the brain among much more. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)  Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the major catechin in green tea.  There is consistency in the literature about the beneficial role of green tea on senescence-related mechanisms, thanks to its scavenging properties against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and its ability to stimulate autophagy  Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is a molecule involved in several metabolic and cellular pathways that declines with age. It works as an energy donor, a precursor in amino acid production, and a cellular signaling molecule, and it is a regulator of epigenetic processes.  Dihydroquercetin (Taxifolin)  Dihydroquercetin is a powerful antioxidant of plant origin that can protect cells from the harmful effects of free radicals and protect cell membranes against damage Apigenin Apigenin is a natural bioactive plant polyphenol with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune system boosting properties.  It also helps to support against oxidative stress for better cellular function. Studies have shown that apigenin prevents excessive loss of NAD+ by reducing the amount of circulating CD38, allowing NAD+ stores to remain at higher, more youthful levels. Luteolin Luteolin is a flavonoid naturally found in plants. Flavonoids like luteolin have been found to have beneficial effects on human health by reducing oxidative stress.   Trimethylglycine (TMG) Trimethylglycine (TMG) is an amino acid derivative that occurs in plants and has been shown to support methylation which, in turn, supports the homocysteine levels. Taking TMG along with NMN provides the ideal balance for NAD+ production in the body.  Resveratrol  Resveratrol is part of a group of compounds called polyphenols, which act as antioxidants to protect the body against age-related conditions.The anti-aging mechanisms of resveratrol are mainly modulating oxidative stress, relieving inflammatory reaction, improving mitochondrial function, and regulating apoptosis. Resveratrol is considered for the prevention and support of aging and age-related diseases as it mimics the effects of calorie restriction.  Pterostilbene Pterostilbene is a phenolic compound in the same family as resveratrol and is present in small amounts in a large variety of foods and beverages like blueberries or red wine. Multiple studies confirm pterostilbene's remarkable anti-aging effects. Cell and animal studies have shown that pterostilbene can extend the lifespan of various animal models of human longevity by regulating three major pathways linked to longevity: mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and sirtuins Bergamot Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) is a type of citrus fruit native to Italy. It has been shown that bergamot juice exerts antioxidant, cardioprotective properties and antisenescence effects.  AstraGin®  AstraGin® is a natural compound derived from the roots of two traditional Chinese herbs: Panax notoginseng and Astragalus membranaceous. AstraGin® increases the absorption of peptides, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and phytonutrients by up-regulating absorption-specific m RNA and transporters such as SGLT1, CAT1, and GLUT4. Check out all the healthgevity products in our shop.    Personalised Health Optimisation Consulting with Lisa Tamati Lisa offers solution focused coaching sessions to help you find the right answers to your challenges. Topics Lisa can help with:  Lisa is a Genetics Practitioner, Health Optimisation Coach, High Performance and Mindset Coach. She is a qualified Ph360 Epigenetics coach and a clinician with The DNA Company and has done years of research into brain rehabilitation, neurodegenerative diseases and biohacking. She has extensive knowledge on such therapies as hyperbaric oxygen,  intravenous vitamin C, sports performance, functional genomics, Thyroid, Hormones, Cancer and much more. She can assist with all functional medicine testing. Testing Options Comprehensive Thyroid testing DUTCH Hormone testing Adrenal Testing Organic Acid Testing Microbiome Testing Cell Blueprint Testing Epigenetics Testing DNA testing Basic Blood Test analysis Heavy Metals  Nutristat Omega 3 to 6 status and more  Lisa and her functional medicine colleagues in the practice can help you navigate the confusing world of health and medicine . She can also advise on the latest research and where to get help if mainstream medicine hasn't got the answers you are searching for whatever the  challenge you are facing from cancer to gut issues, from depression and anxiety, weight loss issues, from head injuries to burn out to hormone optimisation to the latest in longevity science. Book your consultation with Lisa    Join our Patron program and support the show Pushing the Limits' has been free to air for over 8 years. Providing leading edge information to anyone who needs it. But we need help on our mission.  Please join our patron community and get exclusive member benefits (more to roll out later this year) and support this educational platform for the price of a coffee or two You can join by going to  Lisa's Patron Community Or if you just want to support Lisa with a "coffee" go to  https://www.buymeacoffee.com/LisaT to donate $3   Lisa's Anti-Aging and Longevity Supplements  Lisa has spent years curating a very specialized range of exclusive longevity, health optimizing supplements from leading scientists, researchers and companies all around the world.  This is an unprecedented collection. The stuff Lisa wanted for her family but couldn't get in NZ that's what it's in her range. Lisa is constantly researching and interviewing the top scientists and researchers in the world to get you the best cutting edge supplements to optimize your life.   Subscribe to our popular Youtube channel  with over 600 videos, millions of views, a number of full length documentaries, and much more. You don't want to miss out on all the great content on our Lisa's youtube channel. Youtube   Order Lisa's Books Lisa has published 5 books: Running Hot, Running to Extremes, Relentless, What your oncologist isn't telling you and her latest "Thriving on the Edge"  Check them all out at  https://shop.lisatamati.com/collections/books   Perfect Amino Supplement by Dr David Minkoff Introducing PerfectAmino PerfectAmino is an amino acid supplement that is 99% utilized by the body to make protein. PerfectAmino is 3-6x the protein of other sources with almost no calories. 100% vegan and non-GMO. The coated PerfectAmino tablets are a slightly different shape and have a natural, non-GMO, certified organic vegan coating on them so they will glide down your throat easily. Fully absorbed within 20-30 minutes! No other form of protein comes close to PerfectAminos Listen to the episode with Dr Minkoff here:    Use code "tamati" at checkout to get a 10% discount on any of their devices.   Red Light Therapy: Lisa is a huge fan of Red Light Therapy and runs a Hyperbaric and Red Light Therapy clinic. If you are wanting to get the best products try Flexbeam: A wearable Red Light Device https://recharge.health/product/flexbeam-aff/?ref=A9svb6YLz79r38   Or Try Vielights' advanced Photobiomodulation Devices Vielight brain photobiomodulation devices combine electrical engineering and neuroscience. To find out more about photobiomodulation, current studies underway and already completed and for the devices mentioned in this video go to www.vielight.com and use code “tamati” to get 10% off     Enjoyed This Podcast? If you did, subscribe and share it with your friends! If you enjoyed tuning in, then leave us a review and share this with your family and friends. Have any questions? You can contact my team through email (support@lisatamati.com) or find me on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube. For more episode updates, visit my website. You may also tune in on Apple Podcasts.  To pushing the limits, Lisa and team

BUFFALO, NY- April 9, 2024 – A new #researchpaper was #published in Aging (listed by MEDLINE/PubMed as "Aging (Albany NY)" and "Aging-US" by Web of Science) Volume 16, Issue 6, entitled, “CMS121: a novel approach to mitigate aging-related obesity and metabolic dysfunction.” Modulated by differences in genetic and environmental factors, laboratory mice often show progressive weight gain, eventually leading to obesity and metabolic dyshomeostasis. The geroneuroprotector CMS121 has a positive effect on energy metabolism in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. In this new study, researchers Alcir L. Dafre, Saadia Zahid, Jessica Jorge Probst, Antonio Currais, Jingting Yu, David Schubert, and Pamela Maher from Salk Institute for Biological Studies, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) and Federal University of Santa Catarina investigated the potential of CMS121 to counteract the metabolic changes observed during the ageing process of wild type mice. “This comprehensive analysis aimed to further understand how CMS121 influences the metabolic landscape, paving the way for potential therapeutic applications beyond its established geroneuroprotective benefits.” Control or CMS121-containing diets were supplied ad libitum for 6 months, and mice were sacrificed at the age of 7 months. Blood, adipose tissue, and liver were analyzed for glucose, lipids, and protein markers of energy metabolism. The CMS121 diet induced a 40% decrease in body weight gain and improved both glucose and lipid indexes. Lower levels of hepatic caspase 1, caspase 3, and NOX4 were observed with CMS121 indicating a lower liver inflammatory status. Adipose tissue from CMS121-treated mice showed increased levels of the transcription factors Nrf1 and TFAM, as well as markers of mitochondrial electron transport complexes, levels of GLUT4 and a higher resting metabolic rate. Metabolomic analysis revealed elevated plasma concentrations of short chain acylcarnitines and butyrate metabolites in mice treated with CMS121. “The diminished de novo lipogenesis, which is associated with increased acetyl-CoA, acylcarnitine, and butyrate metabolite levels, could contribute to safeguarding not only the peripheral system but also the aging brain. By mimicking the effects of ketogenic diets, CMS121 holds promise for metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, since these diets are hard to follow over the long term.” DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.205673 Corresponding authors - Pamela Maher - pmaher@salk.edu and Alcir L. Dafre - alcir.dafre@ufsc.br Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article - https://aging.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Faging.205673 Subscribe for free publication alerts from Aging - https://www.aging-us.com/subscribe-to-toc-alerts About Aging-US Aging publishes research papers in all fields of aging research including but not limited, aging from yeast to mammals, cellular senescence, age-related diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's diseases and their prevention and treatment, anti-aging strategies and drug development and especially the role of signal transduction pathways such as mTOR in aging and potential approaches to modulate these signaling pathways to extend lifespan. The journal aims to promote treatment of age-related diseases by slowing down aging, validation of anti-aging drugs by treating age-related diseases, prevention of cancer by inhibiting aging. Cancer and COVID-19 are age-related diseases. Please visit our website at https://www.Aging-US.com​​ and connect with us: Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/AgingUS/ X - https://twitter.com/AgingJrnl Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/agingjrnl/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@AgingJournal LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/aging/ Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/AgingUS/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/1X4HQQgegjReaf6Mozn6Mc MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM

In today's episode, we are diving into NAD+ and exploring how it is a critical component for breaking down fuel, such as glucose, and ultimately converting that fuel to ATP. We will explore various factors that deplete NAD+ or decrease the NAD+/NADH ratio as well as 6 proven strategies to increase NAD+ within the body. Lastly, we wrap up the episode with a conversation pertaining to the use of NAD+ therapy for CIRS/Biotoxin illness, specifically Mold Illness. Thanks so much for tuning it! Topics: 1. Understanding NAD+ and Its Role - Definition of NAD+ and NADH - Explanation of coenzymes in chemical reactions - NAD+ and NADH as coenzymes for electron transfer - Role in glucose metabolism and energy production - Importance of NAD+ for various cellular functions 2. Glycolysis and NAD+ - Illustration of glucose metabolism and insulin release - Role of GLUT4 transporters in glucose entry into cells - Introduction to glycolysis and its steps - Role of NAD+ as a coenzyme in glycolysis - Generation of NADH during glycolysis 3. TCA (Krebs) Cycle and NAD+ - Transition of pyruvate to acetyl-coA - Overview of the krebs cycle and its steps - NAD+ as a coenzyme in the krebs cycle - Accumulation of NADH during the cycle 4. Electron Transport Chain and NADH - Movement of pyruvate into the mitochondria - Role of NADH as an electron donor in the electron transport chain (ETC) - ATP production through the ETC 5. Factors Disrupting NAD+ Balance - Impact of toxins and pesticides on the ETC - Role of drugs, like NSAIDs, in inhibiting the ETC - Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) - Role of ROS in mitochondrial damage and NAD+ depletion - Link between NAD+ decline and aging 6. Consequences of NAD+ Depletion - Effect of NAD+ reduction on metabolism - Connection between NAD+ and metabolic diseases - Therapeutic potential of NAD+ in age-related diseases 7. 6 Strategies for NAD+ Restoration - Which supplemental NAD+ precursors are more effective - Inhibition of the CD38 enzyme using dietary nutrients - NAD+ IVs and patches: cost and quality - Intermittent fasting - Exercise and NAD+ - Other less well-known lifestyle factors that have a big impact on NAD+ 8. NAD+ Therapies to Support Recovery from Mold Illness - Link between NAD+ depletion and mold illness - Thoughts on and logic behind the use of NAD+ therapies for CIRS recovery Thanks for tuning in! If you liked this episode, please leave a rating and review or share it to your stories over on Instagram. If you tag @synthesisofwellness, Chloe would love to personally thank you for listening! Follow Chloe on Instagram @synthesisofwellness Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit ⁠synthesisofwellness.com⁠ to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more! Or visit ⁠linktr.ee/synthesisofwellness⁠ to see all of Chloe's links, schedule a BioPhotonic Scanner consult with Chloe, or support the show! Thanks again for tuning in! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support

We talk a lot about how adding muscle makes your body look amazing, but did you know that muscle IS medicine?  In this episode we talk with Gillian Schmidt, MD about her novel approach of prescribing muscle as medicine for healing many obesity and age-related diseases.  Dr. Schmidt is a board-certified internist who is on the front-lines of battling the obesity epidemic.  Many of her clients have been obese for years and are battling the multitide of illnesses that are incident to it and aging (hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, joint and bone injuries, arthritis, sleep apnea, fatty liver disease, etc.)   Specifically, Dr. Schmidt discusses why increasing your muscle mass is a non-drug therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (with only positive side effects).Listen up to learn:the role muscle's GLUT4 receptors play in managing blood sugar;how adding muscle helps treat other obesity and age related illnesses;why she counsels clients that they are training now to recover from their next health event; andher take on Ozempic and other weight loss drugs (how they work and best practices for using them to aid in weight loss).This episode is jam-packed with medical information and practical tips for eating more protein and adding resistance training exercise to your life (the two things that support muscle growth) - even if you are on a budget and/or have physical limitations.  Don't be surprised if you end up putting this one on repeat! Thanks for listening, we hope you enjoyed it. Follow us for more tips, tricks, and support in our private Facebook Group, Boost Your Metabolism After Age 30.Follow us on Instagram @couture_fitness_coachingCheck at our website and blog. Grab our free mini course - The REAL Reason you can't lose weightWant to start boosting your metabolism today? Buy our $79 DIY, self-paced "Master Your Metabolism" course.Want customized plan for boosting your metabolism? Learn more about our 1:1 coachingReserve your spot with a Couture Coach: Buy a 1:1 coaching package

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.21.520923v1?rss=1 Authors: Greig, J., Bates, G. T., Yin, D. I., Simonetti, B., Cullen, P. J., Brodsky, F. M. Abstract: The two clathrin isoforms, CHC17 and CHC22, generate separate vesicles for intracellular transport. CHC17 mediates endocytosis and housekeeping membrane traffic in all cells. CHC22, expressed most highly in skeletal muscle, transports the glucose transporter GLUT4 from the endoplasmic-reticulum-to-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) to an intracellular GLUT4 storage compartment (GSC) from where GLUT4 is mobilized by insulin. Molecular determinants distinguishing the trafficking of CHC22 clathrin from CHC17 within the GLUT4 pathway are defined in this study. The C-terminal trimerization domain of CHC22, but not CHC17, directly binds SNX5, which also binds the ERGIC tether p115. SNX5, and the functionally redundant SNX6, are required for CHC22 localization independently of their participation in the endosomal ESCPE-1 complex. Both the SNX5-BAR domain and an isoform-specific patch on the CHC22 N-terminal domain separately mediate binding to p115, and both interactions are required for CHC22 recruitment. These indirect and direct interactions at each CHC22 terminus are required for GLUT4 traffic to the GSC, defining a dual mechanism regulating the function of CHC22 in glucose metabolism. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Poslední dobou se hlouběji nořím do vědy za výrobou energie a regulátorech, které tyto procesy ovlivňují. Stojí totiž na úplném základu našeho života. Když se porouchají, tak nám mohou dlouhodobě škodit. No a oni se porouchávají a opravují přirozeně, jen s věkem, nebo s náporem na organismus to jde hůř. Proto tady máte 6 velmi zajímavých doplňků, které aktivují regulátory energetického metabolismu (AMPK dráhu) a taky otevírají GLUT4 receptory, kanály pro glukózu, která pak může cestovat do buněk (šetříme tím inzulin a snižujeme pravděpodobnost cukrovky a obezity). Koukni na E-shop https://www.uplife.cz/ kde najdeš ty nejkvalitnější produkty na trhu jako NMN, Berberin, Resveratrol, PQQ, Lion´s Mane, Chagu, Cordyceps a mnohé další. Poslouchej podcast Brain We Are https://brainya.org/ Vyšel nám nový chladový kurz s exkluzivní cenou! Náš E-shop: UpLife.cz Navštiv náš web Codeoflife.cz Mrkni na úvodní kurz biohackingu: Optimalizace dne Minutáž: 1:15 Mitochondrie 3:45 AMPK - Centrální regulátor energetického metabolismu 9:00 PQQ a PGC-1a 15:00 TOP 6 Suplementů 23:00 Velké shrnutí na závěr

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.04.515167v1?rss=1 Authors: Mann, J. P., Tabara, L., Alvarez-Guaita, A., Dong, L., Haider, A., Lim, K., Tandon, P., Minchin, J. E., O'Rahilly, S., Patel, S., Fazakerley, D. J., Prudent, J., Semple, R. K., Savage, D. B. Abstract: Objective: A biallelic missense mutation in mitofusin 2 (MFN2) causes multiple symmetric lipomatosis and partial lipodystrophy, implicating disruption of mitochondrial fusion or interaction with other organelles in adipocyte differentiation, growth and/or survival. In this study, we aimed to document the impact of loss of mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) or 2 (Mfn2) on adipogenesis in cultured cells. Methods: We characterised adipocyte differentiation of wildtype (WT), Mfn1-/- and Mfn2-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in which Mfn1 or 2 levels were reduced using siRNA. Results: Mfn1-/- MEFs displayed striking fragmentation of the mitochondrial network, with surprisingly enhanced propensity to differentiate into adipocytes, as assessed by lipid accumulation, expression of adipocyte markers (Plin1, Fabp4, Glut4, Adipoq), and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. RNA sequencing revealed a corresponding pro-adipogenic transcriptional profile including Pparg upregulation. Mfn2-/- MEFs also had a disrupted mitochondrial morphology, but in contrast to Mfn1-/- MEFs they showed reduced expression of adipocyte markers and no increase in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Mfn1 and Mfn2 siRNA mediated knockdown studies in 3T3-L1 adipocytes generally replicated these findings. Conclusions: Loss of Mfn1 but not Mfn2 in cultured pre-adipocyte models is pro-adipogenic. This suggests distinct, non-redundant roles for the two mitofusin orthologues in adipocyte differentiation. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Tim Podlogar, PhD, is a Research Fellow at the University of Brimingham, Assistant Professor at the University of Primorska (Slovenia), and nutritionist for the Bora Hansgrohe World Tour cycling team. One of Tim's main areas of expertise is the science and practice of carbohydrates in endurance sports, and this is the topic for today's interview.          IN THIS EPISODE YOU'LL LEARN ABOUT: -Carbohydrates before, during, and after competition -When and why to use glucose and fructose -Is 120 g/h carbohydrate feeding superior to the commonly recommended 90 g/h?  -Training in a glycogen-depleted state -Reverse engineering your carbohydrate intake by looking at upcoming workout demands -Continuous blood-glucose monitoring -Training the gut SHOWNOTES: https://scientifictriathlon.com/tts354/ SCIENTIFIC TRIATHLON AND THAT TRIATHLON SHOW WEBPAGE: www.scientifictriathlon.com/podcast/ SPONSORS: Precision Fuel & Hydration - Optimise and individualise your fueling and hydration strategy using their FREE Fuel & Hydration planner. Book a FREE one-on-one consultation to chat with the team and refine your fueling and hydration even further. Listeners of That Triathlon Show get 15% off their first order of fueling and hydration products. If you didn't catch the discount code in the episode, email Andy and the team at hello@pfandh.com and they will be happy to help.  ZEN8 - The ZEN8 Indoor Swim Trainer is a one of a kind swim bench for time-crunched triathletes looking to improve their swim technique, power and propulsion, and consistency of swim training. It is very affordable, about the price of a pair of running shoes, and Zen8 offer free shipping in the US and the UK. Best of all, you can try it risk-free. If you don't love it after two weeks, send it back and get a full refund. Get 20% off your order at zen8swimtrainer.com/tts. LINKS AND RESOURCES: Tim's website, Instagram and Twitter Nutrition at the cycling World Tour level with Robert Gorgos (Bora-Hansgrohe nutritionist) | EP#267 RED-S (Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports) with Margo Mountjoy | EP#233 The menstrual cycle and oral contraception – impact on exercise performance with Kelly McNulty | EP#280 Carbohydrate intake in racing – a case for going very high with Aitor Viribay Morales (Astana Pro Team) | EP#269 Musculoskeletal adaptations, “train low” strategies, and muscle fiber types with prof. John Hawley | EP#248 High carbohydrate, low carbohydrate, or periodised carbohydrate intake with Louise Burke, PhD | EP#236 High rates of fat oxidation are maintained after the sleep low approach despite delayed carbohydrate feeding during exercise (NB. Delayed feeding in train-low strategies) - Podlogar et al 2021 (full text link) Increased exogenous but unaltered endogenous carbohydrate oxidation with combined fructose-maltodextrin ingested at 120 g h -1 versus 90 g h -1 at different ratios (NB. 90 g/h vs. 120 g/h carbohydrate) - Podlogar et al. 2022 Progressive increase in glucose transport and GLUT-4 in human sarcolemmal vesicles during moderate exercise (NB. GLUT4 needs time to be translocated to the muscle membrane - reason for progressive feeding) - Kristiansen et al. 1997 Muscle glycogen utilization during prolonged strenuous exercise when fed carbohydrate (NB. No muscle glycogen sparing with CHO but prolonged endurance -> yet blood CHO source then rescues low muscle glycogen levels -> so 120 might be better than 90 if being able to oxidise it) - Coyle et al. 1986 Glucose Plus Fructose Ingestion for Post-Exercise Recovery-Greater than the Sum of Its Parts? (NB. Why fructose?) - Gonzalez et al. 2017 Performance effects of periodized carbohydrate restriction in endurance trained athletes - a systematic review and meta-analysis (NB. review of CHO restriction) - Gejl & Nybo 2021 Effect of Carbohydrate Content in a Pre-event Meal on Endurance Performance-Determining Factors: A Randomized Controlled Crossover-Trial (NB. Blood glucose rises similarly as lactate on a graded test) - Aandahl et al. 2021 "Addition of fructose to a carbohydrate-rich breakfast improves cycling endurance capacity in trained cyclists" (NB. Breakfast study) - Podlogar et al. Will be published in the International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance - Book by Scott Powers et al.  RATE AND REVIEW: If you enjoy the show, please help me out by subscribing, rating and reviewing: www.scientifictriathlon.com/rate/ CONTACT: Want to send feedback, questions or just chat? Email me at mikael@scientifictriathlon.com or connect on Instagram, Facebook, or Twitter.

Angela shares great content and advice on how to biohack your fitness to get through perimenopause and beyond Exercise is an incredibly powerful tool and Angela goes through the 3 types of exercise that can improve insulin sensitivity, reduce fat mass, and reduce cortisol if optimised as part of your routine Improve your lean mass, activate more GLUT4 and enhance body composition by including sprint interval training, plyometric work, and strength training, listen in and hear exactly how to optimise and get great results KEY TAKEAWAYS Oestradiol helps to develop stronger mitochondria and the better your mitochondria the more energy you will have As lean mass decreases  it reduces metabolic rate and can lead to weight gain Fat in the abdominal area contains more cortisol receptors which leads to increased cortisol production and results in more fat storage Focus on heavy lifting with your compound exercises Increasing your muscle mass helps to improve insulin sensitivity Plyometric training helps to enhance bone density and increase your metabolism during rest Specific High-Intensity Training such as sprint interval training has been shown to increase lean muscle mass,  reduces fat mass and belly fat and lowers cortisol and enhances BDNF BEST MOMENTS ‘You will be getting the fantastic benefits of better cognition, better working memory and speed of thinking' ‘There are many benefits with sprint interval training and it helps you burn more calories at rest' VALUABLE RESOURCES High Performance Health Podcast Series -https://angelafosterperformance.com/podcasts/ Biohack Your Way to Your Best Self - Join My Exclusive Female Biohacker Collective -  www.angelafosteracademy.com/female-Biohacker-collective Get a free health check and personalised report www.yourtotalhealthcheck.com Watch my Free Masterclass on how to master your metabolism -www.angelafosteracademy.com/master-your-metabolism Download my free Guide to Harmonising Your Hormones -www.angelafosterperformance.com/hormones Download my  free Fasting Guide - www.angelafosterperformance.com/fasting/ Download my free Guide to Sleep Like a Boss -www.angelafosterperformance.com/sleep Join my free Facebook Community -www.facebook.com/groups/femalebiohacker Get my bestselling book Rethink Health - https://amzn.to/3vbzYOV ABOUT THE HOST Angela Foster Angela is a Nutritionist, Health, and Performance Coach. She is also the Founder and CEO of My DNA Edge, an Exclusive Private Membership Site giving individuals the tools and bio hacks needed to optimise their genetic expression for optimal health and performance. After recovering from a serious illness in 2014, Angela left the world of Corporate Law with a single mission in mind: To inspire and educate others to live an energetic, healthful, and limitless life. Angela believes that we can truly have it all and has spent the last 5 years researching the habits and routines of high performers, uncovering age-old secrets, time-honoured holistic practices, and modern science to create a blueprint for Optimal Human Performance. CONTACT DETAILS Instagram Facebook LinkedIn See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Exercise is arguably one of the fastest ways to decrease blood sugar and insulin as well as prime the body to burn more fat. We review a recent paper that discusses the history and new research about exercise as a glucose and insulin lowering tool. Take control of your Metabolic Health w/ BioCoach's new at-home A1C test: https://bit.ly/3DSMIwk Use code HIH10 to save! Link to video, images and research: https://bit.ly/3GzUahA Time Stamps: 0:00 Intro 0:05 Insulin resistance is the root cause of many of today's premature deaths and chronic disease expression. 0:32 Moving/exercising, especially in the post meal window, makes changes that decrease glucose levels and make your skeletal muscle more sensitive to the effects of insulin. This leads to reduced insulin output by your pancreas. 1:40 Insulin is involved in post meal processing and anabolic reaction. It helps build. It helps replenish depleted glycogen. It helps, in the post exercise window, to increase amino acid biosynthesis. 1:58 Exercise is favorable, but it is catabolic, meaning that it tears down. 2:23 Post meal glycemic levels flatten with exercise. Diabetics tend to use less insulin on days when they exercise and blood sugar levels decrease more quickly. 4:48 During exercise your muscles become a glucose sponge; muscle glucose uptake increases in an intensity and duration dependent manner. Glucose is needed to make ATP in your muscles. 5:40 Exercise increases the expression and sensitivity of GLUT4 transporter. GLUT4 can be desensitized by persistent elevation of glucose levels. 9:35 Insulin is a potent inhibitor of adipose tissue lipolysis, the ability of your fat cells to release stored lipids. 10:10 Pre-workout or intra-workout carbohydrates may slow down your fat lipolysis, or fat burning. If fat loss is your goal, you may want to consider exercising in a fasted state. 11:30 When you exercise, your adrenal glands release adrenaline and noradrenaline. These enhance the liberation of stored fat from your fat cells to use for cellular energy when you exercise. 11:50 Fasting and exercise both elevate adrenals. Prolonged fasting and overexercising can be hard on your adrenals. 12:40 High insulin reduces the normally a progressive rise in free fatty acid oxidation during exercise. 13:15 One Legged Study: The exercised leg increased its muscle glycogen stores to levels twice that of the sedentary leg. Exercise increases the ability of your moving muscles to store glycogen. 13:50 When you move your muscles, you are depleting glycogen with the muscle. Exercise helps your muscles become more insulin sensitive by depleting glycogen within the muscle, causing muscles to be more insulin sensitive in the post exercise window. A glycogen-depleting workout is a good way to kickoff your fast. 15:25 After dinner starts your overnight fast. Perhaps you could take a brisk walk or lift weights before dinner to blunt the post meal glycemic index level. 15:50 Doing your post meal exercise when your post meal blood glucose level peaks, has the best ability to reduce glucose levels. This peak is most often 45 to 60 minutes after a meal. 16:23 Eat early. Sleep early. Eat your carbs commensurate with your physical activity level. Go for a walk after your meal. 17:15 Insulin sensitivity can be boosted for up to 48 hours after a single exercise session. Exercise increases the transport of glucose from the bloodstream into muscles by a factor of 34. 18:45 Eccentric exercise, slow descent, muscle damaging effects can cause a transient reduction in insulin sensitivity. Moderation is key. 19:40 You are most insulin sensitive in the morning. You become more insulin resistant as the day progresses. Exercise when you can. Afternoon resistance training can blunt your dinner glycemic index. 20:45 Sprinkle exercise throughout the day. Researchers call them exercise snacks. These snacks can be as simple as going for walks. 21:45 Big surges glycemic variability/glycemic levels are a big problem.

High carb intake and endurance sports go hand-in-hand, but is this damaging to your health? Join us and Orange Seal Off-Road's Hannah Finchamp as we dig into the relationships of glucose, insulin and workout intensity to know how you can prioritize health and performance, and much more! ---------------------------------------------- TOPICS COVERED IN THIS EPISODE - Intro 0:00 - What happens when our bodies eat sugar? 5:21 - How does insulin work? 8:38 - How does activity affect insulin? 15:52 - Are high-carb endurance athletes at risk of becoming diabetic? 20:30 - Data-driven ways to plan meal timing 50:59 - Hannah's tips for bike choice 1:30:40 - A pro's guide to chaotic race starts 1:35:59 - Live questions and answers 1:53:54 ---------------------------------------------- RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE - Threshold Intervals for Cyclists: Benefits, Examples, and Tips for Success - +61w FTP and Full-Distance Tri Finish with Lauren Hackney - Successful Athletes Podcast Episode 60 - Successful Athletes Podcast - Adaptive Training - Hannah's Instagram - TrainerRoad's Instagram - Coach Jonathan's Instagram - Coach Chad's Instragram - Regulated transport of the glucose transporter GLUT4 - Exercise, GLUT4, and skeletal muscle glucose uptake - Insulin and insulin resistance - Exercise alleviates lipid-induced insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle-signaling interaction at the level of TBC1 domain family member 4 - Exercise-Induced alterations in intramyocellular lipids and insulin resistance: The athlete's paradox revisited - Metabolic Syndrome - Continuous vs interval training on glycemic control and macro- and microvascular reactivity in type 2 diabetic patients - Update on the effects of physical activity on insulin sensitivity in humans - Moderate-Intensity Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training Affect Insulin Sensitivity Similarly in Obese Adults - The Effect of Regular Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - Effects of exercise and lack of exercise on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity - Changes in Aerobic Capacity and Visceral Fat but not Myocyte Lipid Levels Predict Increased Insulin Action After Exercise in Overweight and Obese Men - Muscle Oxidative Capacity Is a Better Predictor of Insulin Sensitivity than Lipid Status - Update on the effects of physical activity on insulin sensitivity in humans - Increased Skeletal Muscle Capillarization After Aerobic Exercise Training and Weight Loss Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Adults With IGT - The “Ups” and “Downs” of a Bike Race in Type 1 Diabetes: Dramatic Differences in Blood Glucose Responses from the Paris to Ancaster Spring Classic - Ryan Standish's Instagram - The TowWhee Adventure Tow Strap - Stretches for Cyclists: 5 Stretches You Should Know ---------------------------------------------- TRY TRAINERROAD RISK FREE! TrainerRoad makes cyclists faster. Athletes get structured indoor workouts, science-backed training plans, and easy-to-use performance analysis tools to reach their goals. Get Started: https://bit.ly/3unoSnx Adaptive Training: What it is, how to use it: https://bit.ly/3dIRClW Build Your Custom Plan: https://bit.ly/3oR8sme Train Together with Group Workouts: https://bit.ly/3fkaYyd ---------------------------------------------- LEARN MORE ABOUT ADAPTIVE TRAINING Adaptive Training Video: https://youtu.be/gE2yPYZ15ew Adaptive Training: What it is, how to use it: https://bit.ly/3dIRClW How Adaptive Training Makes You Faster: https://bit.ly/2ZNfWLq ---------------------------------------------- SUCCESSFUL ATHLETES PODCAST Listen to the Successful Athletes Podcast now!: https://www.TrainerRoad.com/SAP ---------------------------------------------- SCIENCE OF GETTING FASTER PODCAST Listen to the Science of Getting Faster Podcast now!: https://www.TrainerRoad.com/SOGF ---------------------------------------------- STAY IN TOUCH Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TrainerRd Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/trainerroad/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/TrainerRoad Strava Club: https://www.strava.com/clubs/trainerroad

This is the first of a series of episodes that digs deep into insulin's actions and uses what I call the "mango cell model" so you understand the key components of cell structure.  I'm also going to introduce a key glucose transporter called GLUT and end with my opinion about mangos and fruits in general when it comes to metabolic health. 

My AP Biology ThoughtsUnit 4 Cell Communication and Cell CycleWelcome to My AP Biology Thoughts podcast, my name is Nikki Evich and I am your host for episode #82 called Unit 4 Cell Communication and Cell Cycle: Intro to Signaling Transduction Pathway. Today we will be discussing the components that make up a pathway. Segment 1: Introduction to the signaling transduction pathway● Signal also call ligand binds to a receptor on target cell membrane ○ , starts the pathway, ○ had to fit receptor, ○ once bound, transduction is initiated ● Receptor- intracellular or extracellular ○ Binding domain recognizes specific chemical messengers ● transduction-lots of varian with transduction ○ Could activate inactive protein by phosphorylating ○ Amplifies with secondary messengers ● Response- what the end result is ○ Can be short or long ○ Activate enzyme or move cell-short ○ Alter gene expression levels or cell division (apoptosis)-long Segment 2: More About the signaling transduction pathway● Type 1 ● Once the food is broken down into glucose, these molecules are then absorbed into the bloodstream. The high glucose levels in the bloodstream activate the beta cells in the pancreas to start producing insulin. Insulin is a hormone created in the pancreas. In the pancreas, beta cells are present which are in charge of secreting the insulin into the bloodstream once they detect an increase in blood glucose. Insulin travels to three main destinations-muscle, fat, and liver cells. ● This is where the transduction pathway happens ● The insulin will then bind to the insulin receptors. The insulin receptors are made up of extracellular alpha subunits and transmembrane beta subunits. ● When the insulin binds to the extracellular alpha subunits, the beta subunits become activated and auto phosphorylate. This means that they phosphorylate themselves. ● This leads to the phosphorylation and activation of the IRS protein. The IRS protein is regulated and can be phosphorylated by PTEN. PTEN can regulate phosphorylation and activate IRS Isaforms by dephosphorylating IRS. Once IRS is activated, proteins including PI3K will bind to the IRS protein through their P85 subunit. ● The PI3K will then phosphorylate PIP2 to PIP3. When the PIP3 concentration increases, other proteins like PDK1 and AKT are recruited towards the plasma membrane. PIP3 activates PDK1 which then phosphorylates AKT. ● Cells have reservoirs of intracellular vesicles that contain GLUT4, a glucose transporter. So in order for glucose to be let into the cell the glucose transporters have to translocate to the plasma membrane. However, AS160 inhibits this process. ● Luckily, phosphorylated AKT inactivates AS160. So when AKT is phosphorylated by PDK1, AS160 is inactivated which in turn allows for the translocation of glut 4 so it can embed itself in the membrane. Now glucose can get into the cell for storage and other purposes. Segment 3: Connection to the Course● Involved in evolution-some cell transduction pathways stayed the same ○ Track common ancestors Interruptions in this pathway are serious like with the brain sending signals out ● Involved in negative feedback loops and homeostasis ● Body is constantly sending signals, though it may seem minute it makes you be able to do all you do ● In all walks of life ● Can be seen in all types of diseases and illness from Diabetes to cancer Thank you for listening to this episode of My AP Biology Thoughts. For more student-ran podcasts and digital content, make sure that you visit www.hvspn.com. Bye now! Music Credits: ● "Ice Flow" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) ● Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License ● http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Subscribe to our Podcast https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/my-ap-biology-thoughts/id1549942575 (Apple Podcasts) https://open.spotify.com/show/1nH8Ft9c9f6dmo75V9imCk (Spotify)...

Drive with Dr. Peter Attia Podcast Notes Key Takeaways The brain is an electrical system that uses lipids to facilitate firing but uses glucose for energyThe brain prefers glucose as the predominant source of energy via GLUT1; the rest of the body uses GLUT4 (insulin-regulated transporter)The brain does its best to regulate glucose content, not dependent on insulin signalingWhen glucose is not available, the brain extracts all ketone bodies from fatty acids outside the brain to maintain itself  Historically, ApoE4 was associated with better outcomes prenatally and against parasite and disease – that changed as more movement, interbreeding, and dietary challenges took place“If you have two copies of ApoE4, your chance of getting Alzheimer’s disease increases 12-fold. If you have one copy of ApoE4 your chance of getting Alzheimer’s increase 2-4 fold” – Dr. Hussein YassineUnlike ApoA or ApoB you can’t make an assumption about the function of ApoE based on its concentrationAncestral diets rich with meat supported richness of ApoE4 – moving to a plant-based diet, increase in carbs supported ApoE 2 and ApoE 3 because they support GLUT1 expressionWe rely on diet to get omega-3s: the human body doesn’t have an efficient system to make EPA and DHA“Omega-3 fatty acids are important for the brain, we can’t make them efficiently, and we’re not consuming enough of them.” – Dr. Hussein YassineThere isn’t enough evidence to suggest supplementing with omega-3s but there is enough to suggest eating one serving of fatty fish per weekRead the full notes @ podcastnotes.org Hussein Yassine is a physician and researcher who studies brain lipid utilization in the context of finding preventative measures for cognitive impairment, specifically Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In my conversation with Hussein, we begin with a fundamental coursework in brain biology—including its architecture and energy systems. We go on to discuss what these systems look like when something goes wrong and cognitive decline ensues. We talk about the evolutionary origins of the ApoE genotype, with specific attention to the ApoE4 allele and its association with AD. We spend time discussing ApoE4 implications for the brain’s fuel utilization, notably omega-3 fatty acids: EPA and DHA. We briefly pivot to the implications of recent omega-3 trials for cardiovascular disease and return to what we currently understand about EPA/DHA and brain health; we contemplate potential dietary interventions across the lifespan to preserve and prolong cognitive function. We discuss: Hussein’s Background and introduction to brain composition (3:00); The blood-brain barrier and brain filtration (8:00); Lipids and brain function (13:00); How the brain utilizes energy (18:00); Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) structure and function in the periphery (27:30); ApoE function in the brain (38:15); Evolutionary origins of ApoE isoforms (43:45); ApoE4 variant and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk (53:30); Dietary fuel preference with the ApoE4 allele (1:03:00); The role of omega-3 fatty acids in the brain (1:13:30); Comparing findings from the REDUCE-IT and STRENGTH trial (1:21:45): The relationship between dietary omega-3 intake and brain health (1:34:15); Preventing cognitive decline: A critical window for DHA in ApoE4 carriers? (1:42:30); Hussein’s ongoing research and recommendations for E4 carriers (1:54:00); and More. Learn more: https://peterattiamd.com/ Show notes page for this episode: https://peterattiamd.com/HusseinYassine  Subscribe to receive exclusive subscriber-only content: https://peterattiamd.com/subscribe/ Sign up to receive Peter's email newsletter: https://peterattiamd.com/newsletter/ Connect with Peter on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram.

In this episode, we discuss stevia.   We begin with going over where stevia comes from, stevia in general and how it's digested in the body.   Next, we discuss some potential benefits of stevia (antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular.   We end the episode with a summary (dosage, my thoughts, etc).   Notes: At around 7 minutes 50 seconds, I said that stevia is 200 to 300 times sweeter than sugar. It's actually 200 to 300 percent sweeter, so 2 to 3 times sweeter.   At roughly the 25 min 07 second mark, I said GLUT4 exists in liver cells. I should have said skeletal and cardiac muscle cells.    Sticking with GLUT4 I mention several times in the episode that GLUT4 isn't in adipose tissue (fat). While preparing to release this episode, I found other sources that state it does exist in adipose tissue. This doesn't change the overall potential benefit of stevia.   Around 42 minutes 35 seconds, I state that stevia could produce CA2+ ions from entering cardiac cells. I meant to say stevia could prevent...   Disclaimer: Any information provided in this episode is solely for educational purposes. I'm not a medical professional. So in no way is the information provided in any episode of this podcast to be used as a substitute for talking with a medical professional.   Questions/Comments:   Head over to howardsblend.com, and click Contact Us, or   email howard@howardsblend.com   You can also find me on social media...   Instagram @howardsblend   LinkedIn Howard Blend   If you enjoy and find value in this show's content, please leave a review on Apple Podcasts, leave a 5 star rating on Apple Podcasts, and subscribe on Apple Podcasts.   If Apple Podcasts is not your preferred platform, then you can listen to this show on howardsblend.com(recent episodes), Google Play, Spotify, Amazon Music, iHearRadio, Pandora and Stitcher.   T-shirts with the Howard's Blend logo are now available on howardsblend.com as well.  If you need a new t-shirt and want to support the show, then head on over to the site to check it out.   Resources:   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7059728/   https://aquaculture.ugent.be/Education/coursematerial/online%20courses/ATA/analysis/crudlip.htm   https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/89/3/1096/2844087   https://bmcneurosci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2202-8-49   https://www.genentechoncology.com/pathways/cancer-tumor-targets/pi3k.html?c=bio-171f135f175&gclid=CjwKCAiA5IL-BRAzEiwA0lcWYlk7xLYlsppHGEPFAUDJX2DaICP1whj2Eain8wWWOUUqfix97C3VVBoCGToQAvD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17217064/   https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/ajplegacy.1968.214.5.1084?journalCode=ajplegacy   https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/human-biology/neuron-nervous-system/a/depolarization-hyperpolarization-and-action-potentials    

Are you looking for serious weight loss on the ketogenic diet? This episode reveals 5 ways to reset your fat burning hormones with ketosis. You'll understand why keto is the best diet for weight loss because it focuses on reducing inflammation and burning fat.

Petro Dobromylskyj is a veterinarian, trained at the RVC, London University. He was fortunate enough to intercalate a BSc degree in physiology into his veterinary degree. He was even more fortunate to study under Patrick Wall at UCH, who set me on course to become a veterinary anaesthetist, mostly working on acute pain control. That led to the Certificate then Diploma in Veterinary Anaesthesia and enough publications to allow him to enter the European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia as a de facto founding member. Anaesthesia teaches you a lot. Basic science is combined with the occasional need to act rapidly. Wrong decisions can reward you with catastrophe in seconds. Thinking is mandatory. He stumbled onto nutrition completely by accident. Once you have been taught to think, it's hard to stop.   Time Stamps:   0:08:42  Podcast Begins 0:09:52  Peter's Background 0:16:36  The Electron Transport Chain 0:45:30  Insulin resistance is a cellular antioxidant defense mechanism   https://www.pnas.org/content/106/42/17787 0:47:50 High rates of superoxide production in skeletal-muscle mitochondria respiring on both complex I- and complex II-linked substrates   https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5929069_High_rates_of_superoxide_production_in_skeletal-muscle_mitochondria_respiring_on_both_complex_I-_and_complex_II-linked_substrates 0:49:50  We need insulin resistance 0:54:53  All about a1a 1:00:37  How PUFAs affect mitochondria 1:02:40  PUFAs and cellular lipid accumulation 1:05:34  Pathological insulin sensitivity   1:07:52  Insulin-induced translocation of CD36 to the plasma membrane is reversible and shows similarity to that of GLUT4  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1388198107002296?via%3Dihub 1:12:34  The center of metabolic health: the adipocytes  1:14:08  PUFAs and tumor growth 1:15:52  Eating the perfect ratio of fatty acids 1:20:18  Differential Metabolic Effects of Saturated Versus Polyunsaturated Fats in Ketogenic Diets  https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/89/4/1641/2844241 1:20:18  How PUFAs break your metabolism 1:23:20  Premature Atherosclerosis Associated With Monogenic Insulin Resistance  https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.cir.103.18.2225?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed 1:25:21  Role of Physiological Levels of 4-Hydroxynonenal on Adipocyte Biology: Implications for Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4038367/ 1:30:16  Lowering dietary linoleic acid reduces bioactive oxidized linoleic acid metabolites in humans  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3467319/ 1:30:53  Context matters in interpreting lipids 1:36:49  You might want to rethink your avocado and olive oil 1:40:17  Plant are not benevolent 1:47:55  How to find Peter Dobromylskyj 1:51:01  Peter's radical running habits 1:53:54  Green tea extract only affects markers of oxidative status postprandially: lasting antioxidant effect of flavonoid-free diet   https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007114502000673/type/journal_article 1:55:42  The roots of the chronic disease epidemic 1:58:23  Diet Fat Composition Alters Membrane Phospholipid Composition, Insulin Binding, and Glucose Metabolism in Adipocytes from Control and Diabetic Animals  jbc.org/content/265/19/11143.long 1:59:29 Insulin-sensitive obesity   https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpendo.00586.2009?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org Heart & Soil is my passion based company founded to help a few million more people reclaim their ancestral birthright to radical health through nose to tail nutrition. We are making grass fed, grass finished desiccated organ capsules from regenerative farms in New Zealand and developing a US based supply chain. Check us out at: www.heartandsoil.co, @heartandsoilsupplements on Instagram  Belcampo: www.belcampo.com Use the code “carnivoremd” for 20% off your order!  Nutrisense (Continuous Glucose Monitor- CGM): www.Nutrisense.io    BluBlox: www.blublox.com use the code CarnivoreMD for 15% off your order White Oak Pastures: Use the code CARNIVOREMD at www.whiteoakpastures.com for 10% off your first order!

In today’s episode, we’ve invited Rambleur Rising coach and elite gravel racer Kristen Legan to help answer your many insightful questions. To give you a broader range of coaching opinions, Kristen joins Trevor and me to talk about the art of listening to your body, ketogenic diets, glucose transport, and much more.

Episode #5 Management of Type 2 Diabetes Join Dr. Grady and Garrett, both Type 1 Diabetics, as they talk about blood sugar, overall health, and how to take control of your health to gain the freedom to live the life you deserve. In this episode, Dr. Donohoe and Garrett discuss the management of Type 2 Diabetes and the mechanisms of how diet and exercise are such powerful tools when trying to achieve optimal blood glucose levels. We also get into sleep and stress management in regards to blood sugar. PLEASE SUBSCRIBE TO THE PODCAST For more Diabuddies content follow us on The Diabuddies Podcast Facebook page. Twitter: @TheDiabuddies Instagram: @thediabuddiespodcast You can email us at TheDiabuddiesPodcast@gmail.com   Resources/Links Discussed in the episode: Richter, E.A., & Hargreaves, M., (2013). Exercise, GLUT4, and Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake. Physiological Reviews; 93(3):993-1017. https://www.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physrev.00038.2012?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3Dpubmed Niu, Y., et al., (2017). Exercise-induced GLUT4 transcription via inactivation of HDAC4/5 in mouse skeletal muscle in an AMPKα2-dependent manner. BBA Molecular Basis of Disease; 1863(9):2372-2381 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092544391730220X?via%3Dihub Yin, J., Xing, H., & Ye, J., (2008). Efficacy of Berberine in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Metabolism; 57(5): 712-717. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18442638 Wang, H., Zhu, C., Ying, Y., Luo, L., Huang, D., & Luo, Z., (2018). Metformin and berberine, two versatile drugs in the treatment of common metabolic diseases. Oncotarget; 9(11): 10135-10146. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29515798 De Souza, JFT., Dattilo, M., de Mello, MT., Tuflk, S.,&  Antunes, HKM (2017). High-Intensity Interval Training Attenuates Insulin Resistance Induced by Sleep Deprivation in Healthy Males. Front Physiol; 8: 992. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5725446/ Ahmed, A. Bakrudeen Ali, et al. “In Vitro Callus and in Vivo Leaf Extract of Gymnema Sylvestre Stimulate β-Cells Regeneration and Anti-Diabetic Activity in Wistar Rats.” Phytomedicine, vol. 17, no. 13, 2010, pp. 1033–1039., doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.019. Al‐Romaiyan, Altaf, et al. “A Novel            Gymnema Sylvestre Extract Protects Pancreatic Beta‐Cells from Cytokine‐Induced Apoptosis.” Phytotherapy Research, 2019, doi:10.1002/ptr.6512. Kuo, Daih-Huang, et al. “Body Weight Management Effect of Burdock (Arctium Lappa L.) Root Is Associated with the Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Human HepG2 Cells.” Food Chemistry, vol. 134, no. 3, 2012, pp. 1320–1326., doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.023. Lan, Jiarong, et al. “Meta-Analysis of the Effect and Safety of Berberine in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperlipemia and Hypertension.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 161, 2015, pp. 69–81., doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.049. Lee, Woo Je. “α-Lipoic Acid Increases Insulin Sensitivity by Activating AMPK in Skeletal Muscle.” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 332, no. 3, 2005, pp. 885–891., doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.035. Magistrelli, Ashley, and Jo Carol Chezem. “Effect of Ground Cinnamon on Postprandial Blood Glucose Concentration in Normal-Weight and Obese Adults.” Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, vol. 112, no. 11, 2012, pp. 1806–1809., doi:10.1016/j.jand.2012.07.037. Viollet, Benoit. “Targeting the AMPK Pathway for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.” Frontiers in Bioscience, Volume, no. 14, 2009, p. 3380., doi:10.2741/3460. Wei, Wei, et al. “A Clinical Study on the Short-Term Effect of Berberine in Comparison to Metformin on the Metabolic Characteristics of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.” European Journal of Endocrinology, vol. 166, no. 1, 2012, pp. 99–105., doi:10.1530/eje-11-0616.

GLUT4 insulin-dependent glucose transporters

Endokrinolog Mikkel Høiberg gjester vår podkast denne uken og blir med Nils Christian dypt inn i en av hans favorittnerdekroker.

En la primera parte habíamos visto qué es lo que ocurría ante una alta ingesta de carbohidratos. Estábamos en la parte en que la carga de hidratos había sido suficientemente alta como para estimular al páncreas a segregar insulina, después de haber cargado el hígado de glucógeno. En este momento la glucosa va a ir al músculo o al tejido adiposo (la pancetita). Ahora vamos a ver qué es lo que hace que se utilice en el músculo, se almacene en él en forma de glucógeno o en nuestro tejido adiposo en forma de grasa. En esta parte analizaremos qué es lo que pasa cuando esta glucosa llega al músculo y cómo se comporta éste en función del estado energético del mismo y de nuestro propio cuerpo. Antes quería hacer un apunte (sobre todo si lo escuchaste en el podcast) sobre la parte I. Dije que la causa por la que no mueres sino desayunas era porque todos los órganos expresan GLUT1 y GLUT3, pero más que eso es porque nuestro cuerpo en el hígado es capaz de fabricar glucosa en el hígado (gluconeogénesis) si no la ingerimos en la dieta. Es decir, el error estaba en confundir "pedir glucosa", con que "haya" glucosa disponible a pesar de no haberla ingerido. Aclarada esta pequeña errata, vamos a ver qué es lo que pasa cuando la glucosa llega a nuestros músculos. Glucosa: de la sangre al músculo Con la insulina hemos abierto la puerta a la entrada de glucosa en el músculo (expresando los transportadores de glucosa GLUT4). Una vez que llega allí pueden pasar 3 cosas: Uso instantáneo de energía: Esto ocurre con un estatus energético bajo en las células musculares. Esto podría suceder cuando estemos comiendo menos de lo que nuestro cuerpo gasta. Por ver un ejemplo más extremo, si estamos haciendo una ruta en bici y ya tenemos los depósitos de glucógeno de nuestros músculos bajo mínimos y nos comemos una barrita, usaremos esa glucosa como energía para nuestras piernas en ese preciso momento, la situación no nos da para reponer las reservas de glucógeno.Almacenamiento en forma de glucógeno: Cuando tenemos un estado energético alto y el glucógeno muscular está bajo. Siguiendo con el ejemplo anterior, al llegar a casa con la bici medio apajarados, con el glucógeno bajo mínimos, atacamos la nevera y al rato después te metes una buena cena alta en hidratos. En ese caso, al haber conseguido un balance energético positivo y después de haber rellenado el glucógeno hepático, rellenaremos ese glucógeno muscular. El caso sería similar si venimos de entrenar del gimnasio, del parque de calistenia o de casa, después de haber hecho un buen entrenamiento de fuerza, esa glucosa extra irá a reponer el glucógeno muscular.Expulsión fuera del músculo: Ante estado energético alto y glucógeno muscular alto. En este caso la glucosa no entra al músculo e iría hacia el tejido adiposo. Resumen claro de todo esto: Sólo podemos almacenar grasa a partir de carbohidratos con un alto estatus de energía. ¿Qué es eso del estatus de energía? Esto es la "madre del cordero" de todo lo que hemos visto hasta ahora. Lo que en última instancia decide si esa patata (o ese kilo de patatas si eres una persona en buena forma) que te comiste será utilizada inmediatamente para energía o será almacenada en el músculo (en forma de glúcogeno) o en tu tejido graso en forma de grasa. Podemos hablar de estatus de energía general de nuestro cuerpo. Resumiendo mucho, si estamos en estado de ayuno o "alimentados". Después de comer estamos en estado "alimentado", o postpandrial si nos ponemos técnicos, hasta 3 - 4 horas después. Durante este estado la hormona principal segregada por el hígado, que facilita el almacenamiento de glucosa (ya sea en forma de glucógeno o grasa) y durante el estado de ayuno, la hormona predominante será el glucagón, que precisamente hace lo contrario, es decir, oxidar (gastar) glucosa. También podemos llamarlo estado anabólico, en la que está más activa la vía mTOR o, por el contrario, el catabólico, en el que predomina la vía AMPK.

Kimera-Quah! In this episode of Quah, sponsored by Kimera Koffee (kimerakoffee.com, code "mindpump" for 10% off), Sal, Adam & Justin answer Pump Head questions about why the body want to become efficient and adapt, their  thoughts on using a belt to keep a small waist, why female CrossFit athletes have thick waists and calorie undulation for weight gain. Adam “pretty feet” Schafer (3:19) Humans are animals / Art of charm (7:25) Women dominate sales / Emotional intelligence (15:44) Quah question #1 – Why does the body want to become efficient and adapt? Why is the body's goal to live longer? (27:10) Quah question #2 – What are your thoughts on using a weight belt to keep your waist small? (35:38) Quah question #3 – Why do female CrossFit athletes have thick waists? Does CrossFit ruin a woman's physique? (47:59) Quah question #4 – In your new Intuitive Nutrition Guide, you guys talk about calorie undulation to lose weight. Can you use this for weight gain? (55:37) Related Links/Products Mentioned: The Top 12 Qualities Men Want in a Woman (article) Science of Sexy: 5 Things That Can Make You Irresistible (article) Mind Pump Ep 623 – Live from the Spartan Championship in Lake Tahoe with Josh Trent (podcast) Jobs dominated by women (article) Emotional Intelligence 2.0 - Travis Bradberry, Jean Greaves and Patrick M. Lencioni (book) What is the latest theory of why humans lost their body hair? Why are we the only hairless primate? (article) Vascular occlusion training Occlusion Training Guide - Mind Pump Media Intuitive Nutrition Guide - Mind Pump Media Kimera Koffee (official Mind Pump sponsor) Coupon Code "mindpump" Organifi (Official Mind Pump sponsor) Coupon Code "mindpump" for 20% off Mind Pump Ep 624 Organifi Quah (podcast) Excessive caloric intake acutely causes oxidative stress, GLUT4 carbonylation, and insulin resistance in healthy men (study) How to Undulate Your Calories for Faster Weight Loss & an Improved Metabolism (Mind Pump TV – YouTube) People Mentioned: Ben Greenfield (@bengreenfield)  Twitter Josh Trent (@trent_sd)  Instagram Jordan Harbinger (@TheArtofCharm)  Twitter Arya Saffaie IFBB Pro Olympian (@arya_saffaie)  Instagram 4x Mr. Olympia Physique Champ (@jeremy_buendia)  Instagram Would you like to be coached by Sal, Adam & Justin? You can get 30 days of virtual coaching from them for FREE at www.mindpumpmedia.com. Get our newest program, MAPS Prime Pro, which shows you how to self assess and correct muscle recruitment patterns that cause pain and impede performance and gains. Get it at www.mindpumpmedia.com! Get MAPS Prime, MAPS Anywhere, MAPS Anabolic, MAPS Performance, MAPS Aesthetic, the Butt Builder Blueprint, the Sexy Athlete Mod AND KB4A (The MAPS Super Bundle) packaged together at a substantial DISCOUNT at www.mindpumpmedia.com. Make EVERY workout better with MAPS Prime, the only pre-workout you need… it is now available at mindpumpmedia.com Have Sal, Adam & Justin personally train you via video instruction on our YouTube channel, Mind Pump TV. Be sure to Subscribe for updates. Also check out Thrive Market! Thrive Market makes purchasing organic, non-GMO affordable. With prices up to 50% off retail, Thrive Market blows away most conventional, non-organic foods. PLUS, they offer a NO RISK way to get started which includes: 1. One FREE month's membership 2. $20 Off your first three purchases of $49 or more (That's $60 off total!) 3. Free shipping on orders of $49 or more Get your Kimera Koffee at www.kimerakoffee.com, code "mindpump" for 10% off! Get Organifi, certified organic greens, protein, probiotics, etc at www.organifi.com Use the code “mindpump” for 20% off. Go to foursigmatic.com/mindpump and use the discount code “mindpump” for 15% off of your first order of health & energy boosting mushroom products. Add to the incredible brain enhancing effect of Kimera Koffee with www.brain.fm/mindpump 10 Free sessions! Music for the brain for incredible focus, sleep and naps! Also includes 20% if you purchase! Please subscribe, rate and review this show! Each week our favorite reviewers are announced on the show and sent Mind Pump T-shirts! Have questions for Mind Pump? Each Monday on Instagram (@mindpumpmedia) look for the QUAH post and input your question there. (Sal, Adam & Justin will answer as many questions as they can)

Kimera-Quah! In this episode of Quah, sponsored by Kimera Koffee (kimerakoffee.com, code "mindpump" for 10% off), Sal, Adam & Justin answer Pump Head questions about if one should be giving nutritional advice or prepping people for competitions if they are not a registered dietician, favorite muscle building meals when wanting to pack on mass, lifting to impress men rather than to impress women and what is good posture and how to develop it. Sal and Justin's adventure at biohacking convention (3:24) Biohacking fitness? A rant. (14:40) Quah question #1 – Should you be giving nutritional advice and preparing people for competition, if you are not a registered dietitian? (30:17) Quah question #2 – What are you favorite muscle building meals, when you want to pack on mass? (42:23) Quah question #3 – What was the point when you stopped lifting to impress women and started lifting to impress men? (54:11) Quah question #4 - What is good posture and how to develop it? (1:05:22) “Movement is a language that you need to process” Related Links/Products Mentioned: Daily Email | The Hustle Soylent The Problem With Soylent 2.0 Goes Far Beyond Its Terrible Taste (article)  Seeking immortality: Aubrey de Grey at TEDxSalford – (YouTube) Biohacking Study: Millennials Are The True Entrepreneur Generation Soylent Green (1973) Dietitian vs Nutritionist What is Crohn's Disease? Excessive caloric intake acutely causes oxidative stress, GLUT4 carbonylation, and insulin resistance in healthy men (study) Organifi (Official Mind Pump sponsor) Coupon Code "mindpump" for 20% off How to Undulate Your Calories for Faster Weight Loss & an Improved Metabolism (Mind Pump TV – YouTube) Irresistible: The Rise of Addictive Technology and the Business of Keeping Us Hooked – Adam Alter (book) MAPS Prime/Prime Pro How Your Nutritional Habits Affect Your Posture Back Pain, Neck Pain, and Headaches in Kids On The Rise From ‘Sitting In Front Of A Screen' People Mentioned: Molly Maloof MD (@drmollymd)  Twitter Aubrey de Grey (@aubreydegrey)  Twitter Dave Asprey (@bulletproofexec)  Twitter Ben Greenfield (@bengreenfield)  Twitter Joe Hanna, MSS, CSCS (@unshakenperformance)  Instagram Mike Boyle (@BodybyBoyle)  Twitter Dr. Justin Brink (@premiere_spine_sport)  Instagram Would you like to be coached by Sal, Adam & Justin? You can get 30 days of virtual coaching from them for FREE at www.mindpumpmedia.com. Get our newest program, MAPS Prime Pro, which shows you how to self assess and correct muscle recruitment patterns that cause pain and impede performance and gains. Get it at www.mindpumpmedia.com! Get MAPS Prime, MAPS Anywhere, MAPS Anabolic, MAPS Performance, MAPS Aesthetic, the Butt Builder Blueprint, the Sexy Athlete Mod AND KB4A (The MAPS Super Bundle) packaged together at a substantial DISCOUNT at www.mindpumpmedia.com. Make EVERY workout better with MAPS Prime, the only pre-workout you need… it is now available at mindpumpmedia.com Have Sal, Adam & Justin personally train you via video instruction on our YouTube channel, Mind Pump TV. Be sure to Subscribe for updates. Also check out Thrive Market! Thrive Market makes purchasing organic, non-GMO affordable. With prices up to 50% off retail, Thrive Market blows away most conventional, non-organic foods. PLUS, they offer a NO RISK way to get started which includes: 1. One FREE month's membership 2. $20 Off your first three purchases of $49 or more (That's $60 off total!) 3. Free shipping on orders of $49 or more Get your Kimera Koffee at www.kimerakoffee.com, code "mindpump" for 10% off! Get Organifi, certified organic greens, protein, probiotics, etc at www.organifi.com Use the code “mindpump” for 20% off. Go to foursigmatic.com/mindpump and use the discount code “mindpump” for 15% off of your first order of health & energy boosting mushroom products. Add to the incredible brain enhancing effect of Kimera Koffee with www.brain.fm/mindpump 10 Free sessions! Music for the brain for incredible focus, sleep and naps! Also includes 20% if you purchase! Please subscribe, rate and review this show! Each week our favorite reviewers are announced on the show and sent Mind Pump T-shirts! Have questions for Mind Pump? Each Monday on Instagram (@mindpumpmedia) look for the QUAH post and input your question there. (Sal, Adam & Justin will answer as many questions as they can)

Most people interested in health and nutrition know that insulin clears glucose from the blood into cells, but it is much less widely appreciated that insulin also makes you burn that glucose for energy. Insulin stimulates the translocation of GLUT4 to the membrane of skeletal muscle, heart, and adipose cells, and activates hexokinase 2. GLUT 4 increases the rate of glucose transport across the cell membrane and hexokinase 2 locks the glucose into the cell, making sure that glucose travels inward rather than outward. Insulin stimulates glycogen synthase, causing you to store glucose as glycogen, but it also stimulates pyruvate dehydrogenase, causing you to burn pyruvate for energy. The key determinant of which one of these you do is the energy status of the cell. Glucose 6-phosphate is needed to activate glycogen synthase, and it only accumulates if high energy status is inhibiting phosphofructokinase. If low energy status is stimulating phosphofructokinase, the net effect of insulin is to irreversibly commit glucose to glycolysis, and then to stimulate the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, which then enters the citric acid cycle to allow the full combustion of the carbons and maximal synthesis of ATP. Thus, if you need the energy, the net effect of insulin is to make you burn glucose to get that energy. For the full episode, go to chrismasterjohnphd.com/mwm/2/24 Sign up for MWM Pro for early access to content, enhanced keyword searching, self-pacing tools, downloadable audio and transcripts, a rich array of hyperlinked further reading suggestions, and a community with a forum for each lesson.

In the 3rd episode of this series on Body IO FM, we review research on some of the following topics: - Actions of short-term fasting on human skeletal muscle myogenic and atrogenic gene expression. - Attenuating the decline in ATP arrests the exercise training-induced increases in muscle GLUT4 protein and citrate synthase activity. - Increasing muscle mass to improve metabolism For research articles and PDF's discussed, please go to: http://1b.io/mz

This week we interviewed Eric Helms from 3dmusclejourney.com, providing some very measured and rational insights on diet & training. If you're familiar with Matt Ogus, he is one of Eric's clients. If you missed Propane Podcast Episode 1,  here it is. - Who is Eric? Strength & Conditioning coach, researcher, bodybuilder, weightlifter and powerlifter. All the lifting.   Eric says he's recently taken up olympic weightlifting... - Approach to nutrition: Outcome based approach – calibration period with clients rather than relying a calculator for maintenance, to account for individual differences. - IIFYM, Clean vs Dirty: Does clean eating make a difference?  'I don't like to call it that, as it tends to just generate two camps strawmanning the hell out of each other. This is exemplified by a meme of a guy holding a poptart saying 'u mad bro' compared to only eating the ‘6 bodybuilding approved foods’.  'With regard to clean/dirty, I don’t give much credence to these terms. The truth is there is nothing inherently unhealthy about dirty foods, it’s rather that if they dominate your diet, you generate deficiencies as a result. The paleo community has attempted to convince us that we need to avoid entire food groups in order to be like the paleolithic man. In actuality we don’t really know how the paleolithic man ate, and there is nothing to suggest what they were doing was optimal.' 'I tell my clients that their diets should be inclusive rather than exclusive, meaning that provided you hit your macros, get sufficient fruits, vegetables and fibre, and you have some macros left over, then sure, have your snickers bar. In fact I’d hedge a guess to say that results on the diet will be better this way, as you’re less likely to fall off the wagon.' Role of hormones in diet: 'Hormones are the result of diet rather than the cause. A lot of ‘broscience’ I see is actually sound science, but taken out of context. Yes, it is true that insulin causes fat storage, but that has no bearing on your results if you’re eating a deficit. We need to stop worrying about where our insulin is at 6pm, and be more concerned with our weekly average calories.' 'If you think of insulin as a warehouse worker, if there are no boxes to stack, it doesn’t matter that he’s standing there, there are no boxes to stack!' Yusef: I sometimes see this as a justification for poor behaviour, taking a single mechanism out of context – e.g. ‘I think I’ve sufficiently translocated GLUT4 tonight so I can eat this tub of ice cream and pizza, putting me well over my calorie allowance for the day. Dietary Allergens: Gluten/dairy 'Food intolerances – simple answer, remove it and try reintroducing. The main mistake is people removing several allergens at once, then you don’t know what the dependent variable is.' RPE-based training (Rate of perceived effort). Various methods outlined, field research pointing towards this definitely being superior to regular linear periodisation. Examples include Borge Fagerli's Myoreps, Mike Tuscherer's Reactive Training Systems. Eric Helms: INBA Team Nevada - 1st Open Men's Tall Class, 1st Men's Open Overall, PNBA Pro Card Winner What do you strive for in life: 'To make a positive difference. Flame wars of people on opposite ends of the spectrum are often in pursuit of the same goals.'

The long-term hypoglycemic activity of sulphonylurea drugs has been attributed, in part at least, to the stimulation of glucose utilization in extra-pancreatic tissues. The novel sulphonylurea, glimepiride, gives rise to a longer lasting reduction in the blood sugar level in dogs and rabbits compared to glibenclamide (Geisen K, Drug Res38: 1120–1130, 1988). This cannot be explained adequately by elevated plasma insulin levels. This study investigated whether this prolonged hypoglycemic phase was based on the drug's abilities to stimulate glucose utilization and affect the underlying regulatory mechanisms in insulin-sensitive cells in vitro. It was found that in the absence of added insulin, glimepiride and glibenclamide (1–50 μM) stimulated lipogenesis (3T3 adipocytes) and glycogenesis (isolated rat diaphragm) not, vert, similar4.5- and 2.5-fold, respectively, and reduced the isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis (rat adipocytes) up to 40–60%. The increased glucose utilization was correlated with a 3–4-fold higher 2-deoxyglucose transport rate and amount of GLUT4 at the plasma membrane, as well as with increased activities of key metabolic enzymes (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, glycogen synthase) within the same concentration range. Furthermore, the low Km cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase was activated 1.8-fold, whereas the cytosolic cAMP level and protein kinase A activity ratios were significantly lowered after incubation of isoproterenol-stimulated rat adipocytes with the sulphonylureas. In many of the aspects studied the novel sulphonylurea, glimepiride, exhibited slightly lower ed50-values than glibenclamide. This study demonstrates correlations existing between drug-induced stimulation of glucose transport/metabolism and cAMP degradation/protein kinase A inhibition as well as between the relative efficiencies of glimepiride and glibenclamide in inducing thse extra-pancreatic processes. Therefore, it is suggested that the stimulation of glucose utilization by sulphonylureas is mediated by a decrease of cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of GLUT4 and glucose metabolizing enzymes. The therapeutic relevance of extra-pancreatic effects of sulphonylureas, in general, and of the differences between glimepiride and glibenclamide as observed in vitro in this work, in particular, remain to be elucidated.