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You can't answer "what do I actually want?" by looking inward harder, because most desire isn't hidden — it's borrowed. In this episode, Brett Ingram makes the case that a lot of what feels like your deepest wanting was actually absorbed from the people around you, and that the brain's craving for something and its enjoyment of having it run on two separate systems that routinely disagree. He offers a three-question "wanting audit" — where a want came from, whether you'd like having it or just getting it, and whether you'd still want it in private — for telling a genuine desire from a borrowed one before you spend years chasing it. What You'll Learn in This Episode Why "look inward and follow your heart" doesn't work — and why desire is mostly formed, not found, built out of what you were exposed to, praised for, and surrounded by René Girard's concept of mimetic desire: why so much of what you want, you caught from other people rather than generated yourself Kent Berridge's discovery that wanting and liking run on two different brain systems — and why the loudest craving is often the least reliable signal The three-question "Wanting Audit" for testing whether a specific desire is actually yours: the origin question, the liking question, and the private question Why intrinsic goals (growth, relationships, contribution) tend to hold up better over a life than extrinsic ones (status, image, wealth) — and why that finding is correlational, not a verdict on ambition itself The difference between reflection and rumination, and why thinking harder about what you want usually just generates heat, not light A simple one-week practice — the one-want audit and a daily "aliveness" note — for catching the wants you couldn't have found by sitting still Episode Timestamps [0:00] Introduction — the question that sounds simple and isn't [2:00] Why this hits hardest for people who are good at getting what they want [3:00] The trap in "figure out what you want" — desire isn't buried treasure [4:00] Why "look inward and follow your heart" doesn't work [6:00] Borrowed desire: René Girard and mimetic desire [9:00] Wanting isn't liking: Kent Berridge's two systems in the brain [12:00] The Wanting Audit — three tests, starting with the origin question [13:00] Test two: do you want to have it, or just to get it? [15:00] Test three: would you still want it if no one knew? [16:00] What the research says: intrinsic vs. extrinsic goals [18:00] The limit of thinking your way there — and the antidote [20:00] This week's practice: the one-want audit and the aliveness log [22:00] Rosebud, and the loudest want is rarely the truest one Episode Summary There's a version of "figure out what you want" that sounds like buried treasure — dig deep enough into yourself and the true answer will surface. Brett Ingram opens this episode by rejecting that model outright. The core claim: desire isn't mostly found, it's formed — built over time out of what you were exposed to, what you were praised for, and who you were standing next to when a want first showed up. If that's true, then sitting still and asking "but what do I really want?" on repeat won't get you anywhere. As Brett puts it, that kind of looping introspection means "all that's gonna do is generate heat. It's not gonna generate light." The first idea Brett builds the episode around is French philosopher René Girard's concept of mimetic desire — the claim that we mostly want things because other people want them, not because of the qualities of the thing itself. We look around to see what's worth wanting, and then we want that. It's why a neighborhood suddenly appeals once a friend moves there, or a career milestone starts to matter only after someone your age hits it first. Girard's point, Brett stresses, isn't a moral indictment — "it's not that you're shallow or a follower... The failure is only in never noticing it's happening." Borrowed desire isn't automatically bad; some of it fits beautifully. The problem is chasing a borrowed want for a decade while assuming it's the deepest expression of who you are. The second idea comes from neuroscientist Kent Berridge's decades of research at the University of Michigan: wanting and liking are two separate systems in the brain. Wanting — the craving, the pursuit — runs largely on dopamine. Liking — the actual pleasure once you have the thing — runs on a smaller, more fragile system, and the two can come apart completely. That's the mechanism behind the flat, quiet letdown after finally getting something you were sure about. "The loudest want is not the truest want," Brett says, and using raw craving as your guide to what you want will steer you straight toward the things you'll like least once you have them. From these two ideas, Brett builds a practical tool: the Wanting Audit, three questions to run on any specific want. The origin question — where did this come from, and who did I first see wanting it? The liking question — do I want to have this, or just to get it? (Imagine the ordinary Wednesday six months later, not the moment of arrival.) And the private question — would I still want this if no one ever knew I had it? None of the three deliver a clean verdict, but together they show where a want came from and whether it's likely to satisfy. The pattern lines up with research from psychologists Tim Kasser and Richard Ryan on intrinsic versus extrinsic goals: people who organize their lives disproportionately around extrinsic goals — wealth, status, image — tend to report lower wellbeing, even when they get what they wanted. The finding is correlational, and Brett is careful to say ambition itself isn't the villain; the wants worth keeping tend to have an intrinsic core, even when they wear an extrinsic coat. Brett also pushes back on his own framework: some wants can't be found by analysis at all. They only reveal themselves through action — small, cheap, reversible experiments, followed by honest noticing of what you actually felt, not what you predicted. That's the difference between reflection and rumination, and it connects directly to the difference between self-knowledge and self-improvement — the deeper terrain this episode sits inside. The homework is simple: run the Wanting Audit on one costly want this week, and keep a running note of the moments you felt genuinely alive, then compare the two lists. Closing with the "Rosebud" ending of Citizen Kane, Brett leaves listeners with the line the whole episode turns on: "You don't have to figure out everything you want today. You just have to stop mistaking a borrowed want for a life." Resources Mentioned René Girard's mimetic desire theory — the idea that we largely want things because other people want them — Britannica: "What is mimetic desire according to René Girard?" Kent Berridge's "wanting vs. liking" research, University of Michigan — the neuroscience showing craving and enjoyment run on separate brain systems — Berridge Lab: Neuroscience of Liking and Wanting Tim Kasser & Richard Ryan's research on intrinsic vs. extrinsic goals — the correlational link between extrinsic-goal-focused living and lower wellbeing — Kasser, "Materialistic Values and Goals," Annual Review of Psychology (2016) Citizen Kane (1941 film) — referenced for the "Rosebud" ending and the idea of getting everything you wanted and finding out it was never really yours Frequently Asked Questions How do I figure out what I actually want in life? Run any specific want through three tests instead of trying to think your way to an answer: where it came from and who you first saw wanting it, whether you'd enjoy having it and not just getting it, and whether you'd still want it if no one ever knew. Wants that survive all three are far more likely to be genuinely yours. Why don't I know what I want anymore? Because desire is mostly formed, not found — built out of what you were exposed to, praised for, and surrounded by — so there usually isn't a single "true" want hiding inside you waiting to be uncovered. What feels like confusion is often a list that's half yours and half absorbed from other people, with no way yet to tell them apart. What is mimetic desire, and why does it matter for figuring out what I want? Mimetic desire is philosopher René Girard's idea that we largely want things because other people want them, not because of the qualities of the thing itself. A lot of what feels like a personal desire is actually a social signal picked up from a peer, a rival, or a culture — which isn't a character flaw, just how humans learn what to value in the first place. What's the difference between wanting something and liking it? Neuroscientist Kent Berridge found that wanting (the craving, the pursuit) and liking (the pleasure once you have it) run on two different, separable systems in the brain. That's why a desire can feel intensely urgent and still deliver almost no satisfaction once you get the thing — the wanting system can fire hard even when the liking system barely responds. Why do I get what I want and still feel unsatisfied? Because the intensity of a craving tells you almost nothing about how much you'll actually enjoy having the thing once you do — that's the wanting/liking gap. It's also often a sign the want was extrinsic (status, image, being seen) rather than intrinsic, and research shows extrinsically-organized goals tend to satisfy the least even when achieved. What is the "Wanting Audit" from this episode? It's a three-question test for any want you're carrying: the origin question (where did this come from, who did I first see wanting it), the liking question (do I want to have it, or just to get it), and the private question (would I still want it if no one ever knew I had it). It won't produce a clean yes or no, but it shows where a want came from and whether it's likely to satisfy you. Is it bad that a lot of my desires are borrowed from other people? No — Brett is explicit that borrowed doesn't automatically mean bad, and mimetic wanting is simply how humans learn what to value. Some desires you catch from other people fit you beautifully. The problem is only when you can't tell the difference and spend years chasing a borrowed want assuming it's the deepest expression of who you are. Keep Exploring If this episode resonated, these are worth your time: Mind & Inner Life Pillar — The full framework on self-knowledge and building a genuine inner life, not just optimizing your output → Mind & Inner Life Guide What Self-Knowledge Actually Is — A companion episode on why real self-knowledge means seeing yourself clearly in motion, not a personality-quiz result → optyoumize.com/podcast/what-self-knowledge-actually-is How to Stop Comparing Yourself to Others — A closer look at the same mimetic pull behind comparison and status-chasing → optyoumize.com/podcast/why-you-cant-stop-comparing-yourself Enjoyed This Episode? The best way to support optYOUmize is to subscribe and leave a review — it takes about two minutes and makes a real difference in helping more people find the show. Apple Podcasts · Spotify · Amazon Music · YouTube Leave a Review →

With the Trump administration's newest political persecution of Anthony Fauci and three years after our first lab-leak special, now seemed like a useful time to return to the topic. Fortunately, you do not have to rely on our knowledge of viruses, as we have somehow managed to convince the same three esteemed virologists, Eddie Holmes, Kristian Andersen and Michael Worobey, to come back for an update.Mike, Kristian and Eddie return and offer us their read on where the scientific evidence on COVID's origins stands in 2026. They take us through the main lines of evidence and the often overlooked role of the wildlife trade, explaining why the lab-leak story remains so appealing, and how their own assessments have shifted as more evidence has emerged. We also discuss the standard claim that the media suppressed the lab-leak narrative while noting that coverage across both alternative and mainstream outlets remains heavily skewed towards it (and almost entirely detached from the research literature).Finally, we end on a characteristically positive note by discussing the Trump administration's attacks on science and the ongoing campaigns against high-profile scientists and public health figures. Our guests describe their experience of committing the heinous offence of following the scientific evidence and arriving at conclusions that contradict the preferred views of polemical politicians and prominent media pundits.In short, this episode is our modest attempt to drag the topic back towards the science, while also focusing on the price paid by the people who actually conduct the research and care about the evidence. We are not neutral when it comes to the ongoing attacks on science and scientists and do not pretend to be. LinksOur guests: Michael Worobey, Kristian Andersen, and Eddie HolmesOur previous interview with Worobey, Andersen and HolmesLab Leak Fever with Philipp MarkolinOur earlier interview with Stuart Neil on SARS-CoV-2Sam Harris, Alina Chan and Matt Ridley: Did SARS-CoV-2 Escape from a Lab?Bad Boy of Science: Is the COVID Lab Leak Hypothesis Dead?Kristian Andersen on his early emails, released messages and changing assessmentKristian Andersen's congressional testimony and document collectionKristian's thread responding to the use of his Slack messagesMichael Worobey on why his assessment changedWHO SAGO's 2025 assessment of the origins evidenceThe July 2026 Senate release of the Slack messagesKevin Drum's reading of the earlier Slack archiveThe current White House lab-leak pageThe July 2026 Fauci hearingNaomi Oreskes on scientific integrity and “ethical pessimism”Nature: Climate scientists report online attacksAlwine et al. on the harms to scientists, research and pandemic preparednessRelevant research papers and reviewsAndersen, K. G., Rambaut, A., Lipkin, W. I., Holmes, E. C., & Garry, R. F. (2020). The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2. Nature Medicine, 26(4), 450–452.Crits-Christoph, A., Levy, J. I., Pekar, J. E., et al. (2024). Genetic tracing of market wildlife and viruses at the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cell, 187(19), 5468–5482.Holmes, E. C. (2024). The emergence and evolution of SARS-CoV-2. Annual Review of Virology, 11(1), 21–42.Liu, W. J., Liu, P., Lei, W., et al. (2023). Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 at the Huanan Seafood Market. Nature, 631(8020), 402–408.Pekar, J. E., Magee, A., Parker, E., et al. (2022). The molecular epidemiology of multiple zoonotic origins of SARS-CoV-2. Science, 377(6609), 960–966.Pekar, J. E., Moshiri, N., Lemey, P., et al. (2025). Recently reported SARS-CoV-2 genomes suggested to be intermediate between the two early main lineages are instead likely derived. Virus Evolution, 11(1).Pekar, J. E., Lytras, S., Ghafari, M., et al. (2025). The recency and geographical origins of the bat viruses ancestral to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Cell, 188(12), 3167–3183.Temmam, S., Vongphayloth, K., Baquero, E., et al. (2022). Bat coronaviruses related to SARS-CoV-2 and infectious for human cells. Nature, 604

Episode 235 - How To Help Your Team Feel Heard   Summary Most leaders understand the importance of listening, but far fewer understand what great listening actually looks like. Discover the research behind high-quality listening and why helping people feel genuinely heard can improve trust, engagement, wellbeing, and retention.   Transcript Hello and welcome to episode 235 of the Leadership Today podcast, where each week we share practical tips to improve your leadership. This week we explore the research behind high-quality listening and why helping people feel genuinely heard can improve trust, engagement, wellbeing, and retention. Most leaders would agree that listening is important. In fact, if you ask people to describe the best leaders they've worked with, listening often appears near the top of the list. And yet, listening is one of those skills that can be easy to talk about and surprisingly difficult to do well. Part of the challenge is that we often think of listening as a communication technique. We focus on maintaining eye contact, nodding, paraphrasing, and asking questions. While those behaviours can be helpful, research suggests that what matters most is whether the other person genuinely feels heard and understood. What we're after instead is high-quality listening. Researchers who reviewed more than two decades of listening research identified three key elements of high-quality listening. First, giving someone your full attention. Second, genuinely seeking to understand what they mean, not just the words they're saying. And third, approaching the conversation with openness and curiosity rather than judgement. When people experience this type of listening they become less defensive, more reflective, and more willing to share information and ideas. In other words, good listening doesn't just help people feel better - it changes the quality of the conversation itself. Other recent research has also found that improving listening skills as a leader can reduce burnout and decrease people's intentions to leave an organisation. That's a useful reminder that listening can have a meaningful impact on wellbeing, engagement, and retention. So what can leaders do? First, focus on understanding before solving. Many leaders hear a problem and immediately jump to advice or solutions. Instead, try asking a question that checks your understanding. Something like, "So if I've understood correctly, the real challenge is…" This not only helps clarify the issue, it also demonstrates that you've genuinely been listening. Second, remove distractions whenever possible. If you're having an important conversation, put your phone away, close unnecessary applications, and give the other person your full attention. People notice very quickly when you're only partially present, and it often changes what they're willing to share. Third, become more comfortable with silence. Most of us feel pressure to respond immediately. Yet some of the most valuable insights emerge after a pause. When someone finishes speaking, resist the urge to jump in straight away. Give them a little space. You may find there's more they want to say. Remember that listening isn't just about gathering information - it's about helping people feel understood. And when people feel understood, they're more likely to trust, engage, contribute, and collaborate. As leaders, one of the most valuable things we can offer isn't a solution or an answer. Sometimes it's simply our full attention.   Research references: Kluger, A. N., & Itzchakov, G. (2022). The Power of Listening at Work. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 9, 121 to 146. https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012420-091013   Itzchakov, G., et al. (2023). Learning to listen: Downstream effects of listening training on employees' relatedness, burnout, and turnover intentions. Human Resource Management, 62(5), 731 to 752. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/hrm.22103   Leadership Today On-Demand Special Offer We have a great deal for podcast listeners on our Leadership Today On-Demand subscription. Just go to www.leadershiptoday.com and checkout using the promo code PODCAST for 25% off an annual subscription. Leadership Today On-Demand is a video subscription service that allows you to work on your leadership in your own time and at your own pace. It is available online and through our Apple iOS and Android apps for phones and tablets. Our mission is to help you to become an even better leader. Your subscription brings together all of our video content in one place including: - Five online courses with workbooks - Five five day challenges with workbooks - Nineteen recorded webinars - A searchable library of 170+ "how to" quick videos on a range of leadership challenges That's over $4,500 of content for less than the price of a single online course. And there are more videos added each week.   Get Connected Find out ways to get connected here: https://leadership.today/connect

If you enjoy this episode, we're sure you will enjoy more content like this on The Occult Rejects.  In fact, we have curated playlists on occult topics like grimoires, esoteric concepts and phenomena, occult history, analyzing true crime and cults with an occult lens, Para politics, and occultism in music. Whether you enjoy consuming your content visually or via audio, we've got you covered - and it will always be provided free of charge.  So, if you enjoy what we do and want to support our work of providing accessible, free content on various platforms, please consider making a donation to the links provided below.  Thank you and enjoy the episode!Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsBuy Me A Coffeebuymeacoffee.com/TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsBibliographyCore Eye Anatomy, Retina, Optic Nerve, and Visual PathwaysBelliveau, A. P., & Somani, A. N. “Pupillary Light Reflex.” StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing, updated 2023.Cleveland Clinic. “Optic Nerve: What It Is, Function, Anatomy & Conditions.” Cleveland Clinic, updated 2024.Gupta, M., & Ireland, A. C. “Neuroanatomy, Visual Pathway.” StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing, updated 2022.Kolb, H. “Simple Anatomy of the Retina.” Webvision: The Organization of the Retina and Visual System. University of Utah / NCBI Bookshelf.Purves, D., Augustine, G. J., Fitzpatrick, D., et al., eds. Neuroscience. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.Szabadi, E. “Functional Organization of the Sympathetic Pathways Controlling the Pupil: Light-Inhibited and Light-Stimulated Pathways.” Frontiers in Neurology 9, 2018.University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. “Ocular Motor System.” Neuroscience Online.Pupillometry, Cognitive Load, Attention, and Mental EffortBeatty, Jackson. “Task-Evoked Pupillary Responses, Processing Load, and the Structure of Processing Resources.” Psychological Bulletin 91, no. 2, 1982: 276–292.Beatty, Jackson, and Brennis Lucero-Wagoner. “The Pupillary System.” In Handbook of Psychophysiology, edited by John T. Cacioppo, Louis G. Tassinary, and Gary G. Berntson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.Kahneman, Daniel, and Jackson Beatty. “Pupil Diameter and Load on Memory.” Science 154, no. 3756, 1966: 1583–1585.Kahneman, Daniel. Attention and Effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1973.Laeng, Bruno, Sylvain Sirois, and Gustaf Gredebäck. “Pupillometry: A Window to the Preconscious?” Perspectives on Psychological Science 7, no. 1, 2012: 18–27.Mathôt, Sebastiaan. “Pupillometry: Psychology, Physiology, and Function.” Journal of Cognition 1, no. 1, 2018.Piquado, Tepring, David Isaacowitz, and Arthur Wingfield. “Pupillometry as a Measure of Cognitive Effort in Younger and Older Adults.” Psychophysiology 47, no. 3, 2010: 560–569.Zekveld, Adriana A., Sophia E. Kramer, and Tammo Houtgast. “The Pupil Dilation Response to Auditory Stimuli: Current State of Knowledge.” Trends in Hearing 22, 2018.Emotion, Attraction, Arousal, and the PupilBradley, Margaret M., Laura Miccoli, Miguel A. Escrig, and Peter J. Lang. “The Pupil as a Measure of Emotional Arousal and Autonomic Activation.” Psychophysiology 45, no. 4, 2008: 602–607.de Winter, Joost C. F., et al. “Replicating Five Pupillometry Studies of Eckhard Hess.” International Journal of Psychophysiology 165, 2021: 145–161.Hess, Eckhard H. “Attitude and Pupil Size.” Scientific American 212, no. 4, 1965: 46–54.Hess, Eckhard H., and James M. Polt. “Pupil Size as Related to Interest Value of Visual Stimuli.” Science 132, no. 3423, 1960: 349–350.Lang, Peter J., Margaret M. Bradley, and Bruce N. Cuthbert. International Affective Picture System (IAPS): Affective Ratings of Pictures and Instruction Manual. Gainesville: University of Florida, 2008.Pan, J., et al. “The Effects of Emotional Arousal on Pupil Size Depend on Background Luminance and Stimulus Type.” Scientific Reports 14, 2024.Locus Coeruleus, Norepinephrine, Salience, and AttentionAston-Jones, Gary, and Jonathan D. Cohen. “An Integrative Theory of Locus Coeruleus–Norepinephrine Function: Adaptive Gain and Optimal Performance.” Annual Review of Neuroscience 28, 2005: 403–450.Joshi, Siddhartha, Yin Li, Ram M. Kalwani, and Joshua I. Gold. “Relationships Between Pupil Diameter and Neuronal Activity in the Locus Coeruleus, Colliculi, and Cingulate Cortex.” Neuron 89, no. 1, 2016: 221–234.Murphy, Peter R., Ian H. Robertson, James H. Balsters, and Redmond G. O'Connell. “Pupillometry and P3 Index the Locus Coeruleus–Noradrenergic Arousal Function in Humans.” Psychophysiology 48, no. 11, 2011: 1532–1543.Sara, Susan J. “The Locus Coeruleus and Noradrenergic Modulation of Cognition.” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 10, 2009: 211–223.Uddin, Lucina Q. “Salience Processing and Insular Cortical Function and Dysfunction.” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 16, 2015: 55–61.Memory, Emotion, Initiation, and Ritual EncodingCahill, Larry, and James L. 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Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2004.Ritual, Synchrony, Social Bonding, and Embodied MeaningHobson, Nicholas M., Juliana Schroeder, Jane L. Risen, Dimitris Xygalatas, and Michael I. Norton. “The Psychology of Rituals: An Integrative Review and Process-Based Framework.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 22, no. 3, 2018: 260–284.Jackson, Joshua Conrad, Brock Bastian, and others. “Synchrony and Physiological Arousal Increase Cohesion and Cooperation in Large Naturalistic Groups.” Scientific Reports 8, 2018.McCauley, Robert N., and E. Thomas Lawson. Bringing Ritual to Mind: Psychological Foundations of Cultural Forms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.Rappaport, Roy A. Ritual and Religion in the Making of Humanity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.Turner, Victor. The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. Chicago: Aldine, 1969.Xygalatas, Dimitris. Ritual: How Seemingly Senseless Acts Make Life Worth Living. New York: Little, Brown Spark, 2022.Xygalatas, Dimitris, et al. “Extreme Rituals Promote Prosociality.” Psychological Science 24, no. 8, 2013: 1602–1605.Meditation, Prayer, Trance, and AbsorptionFox, Kieran C. R., Matthew L. Dixon, Savannah Nijeboer, et al. “Functional Neuroanatomy of Meditation: A Review and Meta-Analysis of 78 Functional Neuroimaging Investigations.” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 65, 2016: 208–228.Jerath, Ravinder, John W. Crawford, Vernon A. Barnes, and Kyler Harden. “Self-Regulation of Breathing as a Primary Treatment for Anxiety.” Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback 40, 2015: 107–115.Lutz, Antoine, John D. Dunne, and Richard J. Davidson. “Meditation and the Neuroscience of Consciousness.” In The Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness, edited by Philip David Zelazo, Morris Moscovitch, and Evan Thompson. 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Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball. 

What if the reason you keep waiting to feel inspired is the exact thing keeping you stuck? Today I'm telling you why inspiration was never supposed to be on demand — and the one shift I've been working on myself that changes everything about how you create, whether that's a business, a piece of art, or your own spiritual practice.In this episode, you'll receive messages about:Why inspiration and motivation were never designed to be reliableThe real difference between a ritual and a habit (and why it matters more than you think)How ritual acts as a threshold — training your mind, body, and energy to cross into creative or manifesting modeReal examples of ritual in action, from authors to comedians to elite athletesMy own honest, still-in-progress attempt to build this third piece for myselfIf you've ever sat down to create or take aligned action and just couldn't summon the energy, even though you wanted to — this episode is for youShow Notes:Referenced: Ann Graybiel's research on habit formation and the brain, "Habits, Rituals, and the Evaluative Brain" (Annual Review of Neuroscience, 2008)Referenced: The Ritual Effect by Michael NortonGet Joy's Free "Sign Magnet" 3 Day Mini Course HERE https://www.joyfulmedium.com/sign-magnetJoy's Website: www.joyfulmedium.comInstagram: @JoyfulMediumTikTok: @JoyfulMediumFacebook: @JoyfulMediumFacebook Group: Joy's Soul SpaYouTube: Psychic Medium Joy Giovanni 

Warum werden Gespräche manchmal innerhalb von Sekunden zu einem Schlagabtausch? Warum rechtfertigen wir uns, greifen zurück an oder machen einfach komplett dicht, obwohl wir uns eigentlich verstanden fühlen wollen? In dieser Folge sprechen Leon und Atze über Defensivität – eine der häufigsten Ursachen dafür, dass Konflikte eskalieren und Beziehungen leiden. Gemeinsam schauen sie darauf, warum wir so schnell in den Verteidigungsmodus schalten. Außerdem geht es um konkrete Strategien für schwierige Gespräche. Eine Folge über den Mut, Kritik auszuhalten, sich zu öffnen und Gespräche zu führen, bei denen es am Ende nicht ums Gewinnen geht – sondern darum, einander wieder zu erreichen. Fühlt euch gut betreut Leon & Atze Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/leonwindscheid/ https://www.instagram.com/atzeschroeder_offiziell/ Mehr zu unseren Werbepartnern findet ihr hier: https://linktr.ee/betreutesfuehlen Tickets: Atze: https://www.atzeschroeder.de/#termine Leon: https://leonwindscheid.de/tour/ Quellen Duden. Defensivität. https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Defensivitaet Eyal, T., Steffel, M., & Epley, N. (2018). Perspective mistaking: Accurately understanding the mind of another requires getting perspective, not taking perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 114(4), 547–571. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000115 Gottman Institute. The four horsemen: Defensiveness. https://www.gottman.com/blog/the-four-horsemen-defensiveness/ Macri, J. A., & Rogge, R. D. (2024). Examining domains of psychological flexibility and inflexibility as treatment mechanisms in acceptance and commitment therapy: A comprehensive systematic and meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 110, Article 102432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102432 Jenn Mahony. The frenemy within: Making peace with defensiveness for better relationships. https://medium.com/@jennifer_77872/the-frenemy-within-making-peace-with-defensiveness-for-better-relationships-cbb43cf112f9 NDR. Vergessene Wörter: Welche gehen, welche bleiben? https://www.ndr.de/kultur/gesellschaft/vergessene-woerter-welche-gehen-welche-bleiben,vergessenewoerter-100.html Wigall, N. & Cohen, A. Effective strategies for communicating with defensive people. https://psyche.co/guides/effective-strategies-for-communicating-with-defensive-people Shukla, M., & Mishra, A. (2026). Effectiveness of affect labelling as an emotion regulation strategy in individuals with high emotional reactivity: A systematic review. Current Psychology, 45(7), 683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-026-09229-9 The School of Life Berlin. Wie wir in der Liebe weniger defensiv sind. https://www.theschooloflife.com/berlin/blog/wie-wir-in-der-liebe-weniger-defensiv-sind/ TIME. (2026, July 29). How to stop being defensive in arguments. https://time.com/article/2026/07/29/how-to-stop-being-defensive-in-arguments/ Verywell Mind. (2021). What is defensiveness? https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-defensiveness-5115075 Vorauer, J. D., Hodges, S. D., & Hall, J. A. (2025). Thought-feeling accuracy in person perception and metaperception: An integrative perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 76(1), 413–441. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-011624-024416 Webb, T. L., Miles, E., & Sheeran, P. (2012). Dealing with feeling: A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of strategies derived from the process model of emotion regulation. Psychological Bulletin, 138(4), 775–808. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027600 Empfehlungen: Adar Cohens TEDTalk “How to Lead Though Conversations”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZu16ZaLgJM Betreutes Fühlen - Folge “Du fühlst, was ich will” zu Empathie vom 17. Juni 2025: https://betreutesfuehlen.podigee.io/298-du-fuehlst-was-ich-will Jenn Mahony: ‘The Frenemy Within: Making Peace with Defensiveness for Better Relationships' (2025): https://medium.com/@jennifer_77872/the-frenemy-within-making-peace-with-defensiveness-for-better-relationships-cbb43cf112f9 Reaktion: Julia Ditzer

When you quit drinking, you expect the hard part to be over, but sometimes, the brain finds a new outlet for the same addictive patterns. In this episode, Sara opens up about her personal experience with transfer addictions - how her addictive tendencies shifted from alcohol to food tracking, sugar, and weed, and what she learned about herself in the process. Through stories, science, and self-compassion, Sara breaks down: What transfer addiction (or cross-addiction) actually is Why our brains latch onto new sources of dopamine when we remove alcohol How dopamine depletion and reward substitution keep us chasing “the buzz” Why it's normal to experience new compulsions in early sobriety and how to move through them 7 powerful ways to heal the void and rebuild balance in recovery You'll also hear Sara share research-backed insights on dopamine regulation, neuroplasticity, and the incentive sensitization theory, explaining why we crave even when we no longer enjoy the thing we're craving. Whether your new obsession is sugar, scrolling, or staying “in control,” this episode reminds you that awareness is the first step toward freedom. 00:00 Introduction and Personal Journey 01:16 Understanding Transfer Addictions 03:36 Promoting the 30-Day Alcohol-Free Challenge 04:43 Realizing Transfer Addictions 07:40 Defining Transfer Addiction 10:40 The Science Behind Addiction 20:27 Recognizing and Managing Transfer Addictions 22:06 Practical Tools for Overcoming Addictions 26:02 Conclusion and Final Thoughts  

Why can you care deeply about a task, fully understand what needs to be done, and still feel physically unable to begin? In this episode of Authentically ADHD, Carmen explores the AuDHD freeze response—the frustrating gap between intention and action shaped by task-initiation struggles, autistic inertia, cognitive disengagement, transition friction, overwhelm, and nervous-system protection.We break down why this is not laziness, defiance, or a lack of discipline, and why shame often makes the freeze even worse. You'll learn how to identify what kind of “stuck” you are experiencing, reduce invisible steps, create gentler transition ramps, use body doubling and external cues, and choose a first step small enough to actually access.Because sometimes your brain is not refusing to cross the bridge. The bridge simply has no ramp, no lighting, no signs, and one deeply unqualified raccoon in a hard hat yelling, “Figure it out.”This episode is for every AuDHDer who has ever spent an hour thinking about standing up—and then blamed themselves for still sitting.Research and Show-Notes References* Buckle, K. L., Leadbitter, K., Poliakoff, E., & Gowen, E. First-Hand Accounts of Autistic Inertia. Frontiers in Psychology, 2021.* Rapaport, H. et al. “I live in extremes”: A qualitative investigation of autistic adults' experiences of inertia. Autism, 2023/2024.* Lage, C., Smith, E. S., & Lawson, R. P. A meta-analysis of cognitive flexibility in autism spectrum disorder. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2024.* Hoofs, V. et al. Task switching in autism: An EEG study on intentions and actions. Neuropsychologia, 2018.* Willcutt, E. G. et al. Validity of the executive function theory of ADHD: A meta-analytic review. Biological Psychiatry, 2005.* Diamond, A. Executive Functions. Annual Review of Psychology, 2013.* Becker, S. P. et al. Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome–Clinical Interview. 2024.* Yücens, B. et al. Examining cognitive disengagement syndrome in an adult ADHD evaluation sample. 2024.* Roelofs, K. Freeze for action: Neurobiological mechanisms in animal and human freezing. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 2017.* Arnsten, A. F. T. Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2009. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit carmenauthenticallyadhd.substack.com/subscribe

If you walk down a street in a low-income country, count the businesses you can see, you will miss many entirely. Someone who cooks at home and sells at the roadside never appears in a registry. What we know about businesses in developing countries has always been incomplete. In this week's VoxDev Talk, Marcela Eslava (Universidad de los Andes Bogota) talks to Tim Phillips about two decades of research into why firms in developing economies stay small, grow slowly, and rarely break through. A worker in a developing economy is about three times more likely to be running, or working in, one of these very small businesses than a worker in a high income economy, and far more likely to be self-employed, a one-person firm. Weaker human capital and less access to technology make it harder to start a business. Costlier credit, labour regulation that makes it difficult and expensive to employ staff, and taxes on formal firms make it harder to grow. Some of these distortions are even introduced by well-meaning policymakers, such as low taxes for small firms - which then effectively tax growth.The research behind this episode:Eslava, Marcela. 2026. "Firm Size and Dynamics in Less-Developed Economies." Annual Review of Economics, volume 18. Review in advance; changes may still occur before final publication.To cite this episode:Phillips, Tim, and Marcela Eslava. 2026. "Why businesses stay small in emerging markets." VoxDev Talks (podcast).About the guestMarcela Eslava is Professor of Economics and Dean of the Faculty of Economics at Universidad de los Andes in Bogota¡, and President of the Latin American and the Caribbean Economic Association. Her research spans firm dynamics, productivity and demand at the firm level, labour informality, credit constraints, and the regulations that shape how businesses grow in developing economies.Research cited in this episodeThe Lucas-Hopenhayn framework. The workhorse model of firm dynamics, built on Robert Lucas's 1978 account of occupational choice and Hugo Hopenhayn's 1992 model of entry and exit; it links the size of the average firm to the productivity of potential entrepreneurs and to distortions that stop the most efficient firms from scaling. Eslava's review extends it to explain why firms are smaller in poorer economies.Nonemployers and micro employers. Own-account and self-employed workers plus the smallest employers; in Eslava and co-authors' sample of 51 economies they account for over 90% of employment in lower-middle-income economies and around 20% in the United States. Their dominance is the main reason average firm size is so low in poorer countries.Correlated distortions. Taxes, regulations and credit frictions that fall more heavily on high-productivity firms; because they hold back the firms that should be growing, they push labour towards less productive businesses and drag down aggregate output. They show up in the models as residuals, the part of the size gap that productivity and quality cannot explain.Size-dependent policies. Rules that switch on above an employment threshold, such as the extra workplace obligations that apply to firms above 50 employees in France, or above 20 in Peru; Eslava describes comparing firms just above and just below a threshold as one way to prise open the black box of distortions and measure what a specific rule does.Demand versus cost efficiency. Work on Colombian manufacturing decomposing a firm's success into technical efficiency and the appeal of its products; the demand side contributes many times more to differences in revenue than cost efficiency does. Eslava's point is that trimming costs buys survival, while product quality and market access drive real growth.The data-coverage puzzle. Early firm-level studies found average firm size falling as countries got richer, the reverse of what later work established; the anomaly came from datasets that captured only the large, registered firms in poor economies and missed the vast base of tiny ones. Better censuses, and household and employment surveys that count people rather than firms, corrected the picture.More VoxDev Talks episodesWhat have we learned about the informal sector? Gabriel Ulyssea and Mariaflavia Harari on the causes and consequences of informality, the close cousin of micro-enterprise that runs through this conversation.Related reading on VoxDevCan variation in firm growth explain the development gap? Colombia vs the US, by Marcela Eslava, John Haltiwanger and Alvaro Pinzón, on how a deficit of superstar plants and an excess of surviving underperformers shape Colombia's development problem.The links between capabilities and export dynamics in developing countries, on how firm capabilities, product quality and market knowledge shape which firms manage to export.

A river dries up. The soil turns salty. A harvest fails. Farmers across the developing world feel climate change constantly and personally, they rarely blame their government, or demand action.Guy Grossman (University of Pennsylvania) is one of three authors of a new review of the politics of climate change in the developing world. He tells Tim Phillips that almost all of the existing research on this topic is focused on rich countries, even though the developing world faces the worst of the damage,  and has the least capacity to absorb it, because in those countries the link between climate change and political action is more explicit.Political solutions are needed: developing country income losses could run 60% higher than losses in wealthy countries, and climate change could push between 32 and 132 million people into extreme poverty within a decade. Grossman's review turns up a paradox in the public opinion data. Concern runs high even where formal climate literacy is low, because people experience the crisis through a failed harvest or a dried up well, not a scientific chart. This disconnect isn't neutral, because vulnerability isn't simply inherited. It is produced, by decisions about who owns land, whose villages get seawalls, and whose voice counts when climate money is handed out.The research behind this episode:Grossman, Guy, Audrey Sacks, and Alice Xu. 2026. "The Politics of Climate Change in the Developing World." Annual Review of Political Science 29: 101-126.To cite this episode:Phillips, Tim, and Guy Grossman. 2026. "Climate Change Politics in Developing Countries." VoxDev Talks (podcast).About the guestGuy Grossman is the David M. Knott Professor of Global Politics and International Relations in the Department of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania. He founded and co-directs Penn's Development Research Initiative (PDRI-DevLab), and his research spans governance, forced displacement, political accountability, and conflict processes across the developing world, with a particular regional focus on Sub-Saharan Africa.Research cited in this episodeExtreme poverty projections. World Bank economists Bramka Arga Jafino, Stephane Hallegatte, Julie Rozenberg, and Brian Walsh estimate that climate change could push between 32 and 132 million people into extreme poverty by 2030; the wide range reflects uncertainty over which emissions and development pathway the world follows. Read the working paper.Afrobarometer. A long running, pan African survey network covering more than 30 countries. Grossman's review draws on it to show that only around four in ten respondents identify human activity as the main cause of climate change, even as concern about its effects runs far higher.The attitudinal and accountability channels. Two frameworks political scientists use to trace how climate exposure might change political behaviour. The attitudinal channel asks whether living through a flood or a drought changes what someone believes about climate change; the accountability channel asks whether it changes their vote. Grossman finds evidence for both, but little that explains when concern turns into political pressure.Maladaptation. The academic term for private adaptation that shifts harm onto someone else, such as a village embankment that protects one community by pushing floodwater into the next. Grossman uses it to illustrate why adaptation without government coordination can widen inequality rather than close it.Ecuador land titling. Mark Buntaine, Stuart Hamilton, and Marco Millones's 2015 study of a titling programme in Morona Santiago found it did almost nothing to slow deforestation, because the state never backed the new titles with enforcement. Grossman cites it as evidence that representation without power tends to fail.Indigenous managed land. Research led by Stephen Garnett finds that Indigenous peoples, roughly 6.2% of the world's population, manage more than a quarter of the planet's land surface, often protecting carbon sinks more effectively than formally designated protected areas.More VoxDev Talks episodesFinancing climate adaptation: what works, what doesn't, and can carbon credits help to bridge the gap? Namrata Kala, Rohini Pande, and Catherine Wolfram pick up where Grossman leaves off, on who pays for adaptation when governments won't.How the urban environment can adapt to climate change. Matthew Kahn and Siqi Zheng discuss how cities in the developing world can adapt their buildings and infrastructure as climate driven migration accelerates.Related reading on VoxDev.orgClimate politics: understanding political inaction on climate change. Allan Hsiao and Nicholas Kuipers show that Indonesian politicians underestimate voter concern about climate and pollution, and that correcting their misperceptions does not, on its own, produce policy action; a real world case of the accountability channel breaking down.Political representation and forest conservation? This finds that transferring formal political power, not just consultation, to India's historically marginalised Scheduled Tribes led to a measurable fall in deforestation.

In dieser Folge sprechen Leon und Atze über die sechs größten Zeitfallen unseres Denkens. Sie zeigen, wie unser Gehirn Zukunft und Zeit systematisch falsch einschätzt – und was wir dagegen tun können. Mit dabei: die berühmte Marshmallow-Studie, ein Schinken-Käse-Sandwich, Günther Jauch, Rauchen im Urlaub und die Frage, warum das Ende eines Erlebnisses oft wichtiger ist als alles, was davor passiert ist. Vor allem aber geht es darum, wie wir diese Denkfehler erkennen und mit einfachen Strategien bessere Entscheidungen treffen können – für unsere Gesundheit, Beziehungen, Finanzen und den Alltag. Fühlt euch gut betreut Leon & Atze Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/leonwindscheid/ https://www.instagram.com/atzeschroeder_offiziell/ Mehr zu unseren Werbepartnern findet ihr hier: https://linktr.ee/betreutesfuehlen Tickets: Atze: https://www.atzeschroeder.de/#termine Leon: https://leonwindscheid.de/tour/ Quellen Briz, T., Drichoutis, A. C., & House, L. (2015). Examining projection bias in experimental auctions: The role of hunger and immediate gratification. Agricultural and Food Economics, 3(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-015-0040-7 Destatis. (2026). Zahl der Woche. https://www.destatis.de/DE/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/Zahl-der-Woche/2026/PD26_22_p002.html Ernst, A. F., Hoekstra, R., Wagenmakers, E. J., Gelman, A., & van Ravenzwaaij, D. (2018). Do researchers anchor their beliefs on the outcome of an initial study? Experimental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000402 Mischel, W., Ebbesen, E. B., & Raskoff Zeiss, A. (1972). Cognitive and attentional mechanisms in delay of gratification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 21(2), 204–218. Taş, P. G., Maknoon, Y., & Rezaei, J. (2025). Time's influence: A systematic review of biases in intertemporal decision-making. Annual Review of Psychology, 77. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-091924-040158 Quellen zu den Änderungen in der Psychotherapie: Deutsches Ärzteblatt. (2026, 7. Juli). Psychotherapie: Angemessenheitsprüfung soll gestrichen werden. https://www.aerzteblatt.de/news/psychotherapie-angemessenheitsprufung-soll-gestrichen-werden-d97e369c-a1d0-46e0-b40d-7c3934a28d95 Bundespsychotherapeutenkammer. (2026). Honorarkürzung von 4,5 Prozent vorerst ausgesetzt. https://www.bptk.de/pressemitteilungen/honorarkuerzung-von-4-5-prozent-vorerst-ausgesetzt/ Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung. (2026, 13. Mai). Einnahmenorientiertes Leistungsangebot: Wie viele Behandlungsfälle Praxen künftig noch bezahlt bekommen. https://www.kbv.de/praxis/tools-und-services/praxisnachrichten/2026/05-13/einnahmenorientiertes-leistungsangebot-wie-viele-behandlungsfaelle-praxen-kuenftig-noch-bezahlt-bekommen Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung. (2026). Stellungnahme zum GKV-Beitragssatzstabilisierungsgesetz. https://www.kbv.de/positionen/stellungnahmen/gkv-beitragssatzstabilisierungsgesetz Empfehlungen Betreutes Fühlen - Folge “Die Fehler deiner Psyche” vom 10. Oktober 2023: https://betreutesfuehlen.podigee.io/210-die-fehler-deiner-psyche Reaktion: Julia Ditzer Produktion: Murmel Productions

Episode 86: The Annual Review with Annie Kong, IQ-EQ Annie Kong, Regional Lead (West) of Regulatory & Compliance, U.S. at IQ-EQ joins the Tokens of Wisdom Studio to explain what's actually involved in an investment adviser's annual review. Annie shares insights on the importance of ongoing compliance reviews, how to approach annual reviews proactively, and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape. Key Points From This Episode: Ongoing compliance review vs. check-the-box approachBreaking down the annual review into quarterly testingTailoring reviews to specific manager strategies and risksSEC's focus on substantive review over documentationIncorporating AI and cybersecurity into compliance programs Disclaimer: This show is for informational purposes only. Nothing presented here constitutes legal, investment or tax advice. The guests that join us share their considerable fund-related wisdom, but everything they share here is their personal opinion and for educational purposes only. On this show, they are speaking for themselves, and not for their employer or any affiliated entity. Tokens of Wisdom is produced by Dave Rothschild, partner at Cole-Frieman & Mallon LLP headquartered in San Francisco, California. For more information, visit https://colefrieman.com/ Links Mentioned in Today's Episode: Dave Rothschild - https://www.linkedin.com/in/davidcrothschild/Annie Kong - https://www.linkedin.com/in/annie-kong-3bb24a30/ Cole-Frieman & Mallon LLP - https://colefrieman.com/IQ-EQ - https://iqeq.com/us/ Music by Joe Ginsberg - https://www.instagram.com/thejoeginsbergFor any questions or comments, email: tow@colefrieman.com Watch Tokens of Wisdom on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Tokens_DCR

This podcast explores the relationship between sleep and learning and how it applies to culinary education. It is based on the article Sleep, Memory, and Plasticity by Walker and Stickgold (2006), which explains that sleep is an active part of the learning process. During sleep, the brain strengthens memories and reinforces newly learned knowledge and skills. As a culinary instructor, I connected this research to my own classroom experience. Students spend time practicing skills such as knife work, chicken fabrication, mise en place, and kitchen organization. I have noticed that students who return to class well-rested often perform with greater confidence, accuracy, and safety.  References Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2013). About sleep's role in memory. Physiological Reviews, 93(2), 681–766. Walker, M. P., & Stickgold, R. (2006). Sleep, memory, and plasticity. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 139–166.

Visionary. Connector. Builder. Those words describe Katina Strauch, 79.When we spoke with Katina, she was recovering from a broken leg, talking with us from her bed on her smartphone. Despite the setback, she remains what she has always been: an active writer, researcher, lifelong learner, and trusted consultant to the Charleston Conference—the influential global gathering for the scholarly communications community that she founded more than four decades ago.What began as a meeting of just 20 people has grown into an annual conference that attracts thousands of academic librarians, publishers, booksellers, vendors, and information professionals from around the world. In the late 1970s, major research libraries had opportunities to meet through the Association of Research Libraries, but there was no place where smaller academic libraries, publishers, and vendors could come together as equals to exchange ideas and solve shared challenges. Katina recognized that gap and imagined something entirely new: an informal, collaborative conference where every voice mattered.At the time, she was on the tenure track and looking for a meaningful way to establish her professional reputation. Rather than pursuing a traditional academic path, she created a gathering that transformed an industry. By inviting antiquarian book librarians, publishers, vendors, and librarians into the same conversation, she built a community that continues to shape scholarly communication today.Reflecting on its impact, Katina simply says, "It's had a huge impact."The Charleston Conference recently entered a new chapter when it was acquired by the nonprofit Annual Reviews, helping ensure that Katina's remarkable legacy will continue for generations to come."Smaller academic libraries, publishers, and vendors now could come together as equals." - Katina StrauchConnect with Katina:Email: katina.strauch@gmail.comBook: Doing the Charleston (2025) – Katina's memoir chronicling the creation and evolution of the Charleston Conference alongside her career as a librarian.Thanking our Platinum Sponsor—AARP Illinois, a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization dedicated to empowering people 50 and older to choose how they live as they age. With nearly 1.7 million members in Illinois, AARP volunteers advocate for better health, financial security, and stronger communities. Visit AARP.org/IL to learn more.Shining the light on Age-Wise Collective—check out Boomer Banter withWendy Green—it's in a new chapter, with shorter solo episodes focused on her personal caregiving journey and the search for purpose in later life. Going deeper, her Substack, Thriving Through Time, by Boomer Banter is where she really opens up. Find everything on Wendy's website, heyboomer.biz.

How do courts work when they work well? You would expect them to be impartial, neutral, and consistent. In much of the Global South that is a tall order. So when courts fall short of it, are they failing?Development institutions ask states to build strong courts on the North American and Western European model. Good governance follows, they argue. This model treats poorer, less democratic systems as deviations from a norm rather than as institutions doing different work.Fiona Shen-Bayh (University of Maryland) joins Tim Phillips to review the evidence on what courts in the Global South actually do, and who they help. Where the state is weak, customary elders, NGOs, even rebel groups step in to adjudicate, and people often trust these forums more than the state's own courts. Taliban courts in Afghanistan upheld due process during civil war. Dictators sometimes build genuinely independent courts, because property rights attract investment and citizens' lawsuits tell the centre what local officials are doing.The research behind this episode:Rios-Figueroa, Julio, and Fiona Shen-Bayh. 2025. "Courts in the Global South." Annual Review of Political Science 28. To cite this episode:Phillips, Tim, and Fiona Shen-Bayh. 2026. "Courts in the Global South." VoxDev Talks (podcast). Assign this as extra listening. The citation above is formatted and ready for a reading list or VLE.About the guestFiona Shen-Bayh is Assistant Professor of Government and Politics, with a joint appointment at the College of Information Studies, at the University of Maryland. Her research spans authoritarian regimes, judicial politics, and the use of legal and judicial institutions as instruments of power, often drawing on digitised archives and text-as-data methods. Her book Undue Process: Persecution and Punishment in Autocratic Courts (Cambridge University Press) won the APSA-IPSA Theodore J. Lowi First Book Award, the Giovanni Sartori Book Award, and the Juan Linz Best Book Prize.The paper is co-authored with Julio Rios-Figueroa, Professor in the Department of Law at the Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico (ITAM), whose work spans comparative judicial politics, the rule of law, and empirical legal studies, with a focus on Latin America.Research cited in this episodeThe triad logic of conflict resolution. Drawn from Martin Shapiro's Courts: A Comparative and Political Analysis (1981). A court is effective when two parties appeal to a third to settle their dispute, and three conditions hold: the parties believe the third party is impartial; the third party is neutral, not predisposed to favour either side; and the rationale for the decision is consistent with existing norms, the idea of precedent. The review deliberately relaxes the assumption that courts are effective only when all three conditions are met.The rule of law revival. The wave of good-governance programmes promoted by the United States and Western European governments and NGOs after the fall of the Soviet Union, presenting strong courts as a remedy for corruption, instability, and tyranny in the Global South.The fallacy of legalism. The belief that creating law through statute, legislation, or precedent is enough to bring about social change. The phrase, from Sandra Joireman's work on property rights in Africa, names a habit of thought rooted in the Western experience, where the state has historically enforced property rights and contracts. In much of the Global South the absence of the state does not mean the absence of rules and order.Stateness. The extent to which a state exercises authority across its territory: its monopoly on violence in the classic Weberian sense, but also the creation of law and the administration of public affairs. Where stateness is low, non-state actors fill the judicial vacuum.Taliban and Islamic State courts. Recent fieldwork-based research finds that Sharia courts run by the Taliban in Afghanistan upheld notable degrees of due process and impartiality, offering predictability during civil war, and that the coercion associated with the Taliban featured in only a minority of the cases their courts heard.Courts in authoritarian regimes. A growing literature shows what courts do for dictators: establish credible property rights that attract foreign capital; monitor administrative conflict, as in China, where citizens' grievances against the state feed information upward to the centre; and, at other times, repress opponents or legitimise the regime by delivering popular moral outcomes even against the letter of the law.Political competition and judicial independence. Electoral competition can sustain independent courts in healthy democracies, partly because divided governments struggle to coordinate against unfavourable rulings. Under instability or an expected change of regime, the relationship can reverse: incumbents pack courts to entrench their interests before leaving, and judges may rule strategically to align with whoever they expect to hold power next, a pattern visible across Latin America.Access to justice and legal mobilisation. Social transformation through courts depends on people developing a "legal conscience", an understanding of the law and how to use it, and on support structures outside the judiciary: civil society organisations, bar associations, prosecutors, lawyers, and human rights groups that help citizens bring and sustain claims.Courts and democratic backsliding. Courts hold neither the purse nor the sword, which makes them easy targets for hostile rhetoric, legislative threats, pressure to resign, and court-packing. Courts that are neither impartial nor neutral can still stabilise a democracy while rival parties remain uncertain of each other's intentions, provided both still accept competitive elections. Once a party, especially an incumbent, abandons that commitment, there is little a court can do alone.Digitised judicial data. The digitisation and free publication of court records across the Global South has opened large-scale, fine-grained study of everyday jurisprudence, useful to scholars and to the judges, lawyers, and litigants who can now see how the law works in their own context.

It's 11:00 PM. You sit up in bed with your chest tight and your heart going. Nothing happened. You went to sleep fine. You lie there trying to work out what's wrong with you, and the answer is nothing — except your body has been running a two-hour delayed reaction to a school email you read, closed, and forgot about at 9:02 PM.What We CoverThe 9:02 PM email, the 11:00 PM panic, and why the two never show up in the same room at the same timeWhy a neurotypical mum who gets the same email feels it right then — and what that looks like when Jane asks one about it directlyThe five stages your body moves through between the trigger and the moment you finally register it — and how long you can spend in each one without knowingWhy the quiet moment you've been waiting for all day is exactly when the queue decides it's your turnThe misdiagnosis cost: when a doctor treats the reaction as the whole story, what gets written on your medical file — and what keeps walking through the door every day unmanagedWhy both can be true — the SSRI doing real work, and an interoceptive delay nobody's ever named for youFree ResourcesEnergy Accounting Guide — https://adhdmums.com.au/product/adhd-mums-energy-accounting-guide/Related EpisodesStart with the rest of this series:MUM RAGE #1: 3 Reasons It Feels Like It Came Out of Nowhere. (It Didn't.) — https://adhdmums.com.au/adhd-podcast-episodes/3-reasons-adhd-mum-rage-feels-like-it-came-out-of-nowhere-it-didnt/MUM RAGE #2: 3 Reasons 'Just Breathe' Has Never Worked for ADHD Mums. (And What Actually Does.) — https://adhdmums.com.au/adhd-podcast-episodes/mum-rage-2/Also from the archive:S2 EP84 — I Love My Family But I'm So F*cking Angry: Mum Rage Part 1 (with Jacinta Thomson) — https://adhdmums.com.au/podcast_episode/episode-84-i-love-my-family-but-im-so-fking-angry-mum-rage-part-1/EP71 — When You Can't Relax Even When It's Quiet — https://adhdmums.com.au/podcast_episode/why-adhd-mums-cant-relax/EP93 — When You Remove the Stress — https://adhdmums.com.au/adhd-podcast-episodes/when-you-remove-the-stress-and-start-wondering-whats-wrong-with-you/S3 — I'm Gentle With My Daughter for Ten Minutes. Then I Tell Myself to Stop Being Such a F*cking Embarrassment. — https://adhdmums.com.au/adhd-podcast-episodes/im-gentle-with-my-daughter-for-ten-minutes-then-i-tell-myself-to-stop-being-such-a-fcking-embarrassment/EP81 — The Hidden Cost of Being the 'Good Girl' — https://adhdmums.com.au/adhd-podcast-episodes/the-hidden-cost-of-being-the-good-girl-how-the-mental-load-became-ours/

In this episode of Parent Hope Podcast: Real Questions, Grounded Reflections, Jenny Brown and David Brown revisit some of the key themes raised in Jenny's conversation with Justin Coulson about raising boys. Rather than focusing on parenting techniques, they explore deeper questions: How do we raise boys without making them a project? How do parents avoid defining themselves through their children's successes and struggles? What has changed in childhood over the last fifty years, and what might boys be losing when freedom, responsibility and independence decline? Drawing on Bowen family systems theory, recent research on boys and childhood, and reflections on their own experiences, Jenny and David discuss how parents can stay connected without taking over, support growth without overprotecting, and help boys develop confidence, responsibility and purpose. A thoughtful conversation about boys, parenting, anxiety, and the challenge of raising capable young people in a changing world. Coulson, J. (2026). Raising Boys. ABC Books. Mintz, S., & Stearns, P. N. (2025). The American Child: The Transformation of Childhood Since World War II. Oxford Univ Press. Hines, M. (2011). Gender development and the human brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 34, 69–88.  Newsletter-https://parenthopeproject.com.au/#newsletterYoutube-http://www.youtube.com/@ParentHopeProjectFacebook-https://www.facebook.com/coachingparentsInstagram-https://www.instagram.com/parenthopeproject/LinkedIn-https://www.linkedin.com/company/79093727/admin/feed/posts/Website-https://parenthopeproject.com.au/Contact us:Contact@parentproject.com.au(02) 9904 5600

The usual way to measure women's power in politics is to count the seats they hold in parliament. But most women who take part in politics never stand for office. They vote, attend meetings, petition, protest, or try to get the water supply fixed. In this week's VoxDev Talk, Soledad Artiz Prillaman of Stanford talks to Tim Phillips about her new review of the research into non-elite women's participation in politics, written with Peace Medie (University of Bristol).They are not elite women with less money, she argues. They want different things and face different constraints. Social norms can prevent them from achieving the change they want. But in the Global South there is evidence that non-elite women are using collective action to gain access to politics, and using that access to renegotiate the norms that hold them back, rather than waiting for those norms to shift first.The research behind this episode:Medie, Peace A., and Soledad Artiz Prillaman. 2026. "Nonelite Women's Participation in Politics." Annual Review of Political Science, vol. 29.To cite this episode:Phillips, Tim, and Soledad Artiz Prillaman. 2026. "Nonelite Women's Participation in Politics." VoxDev Talks (podcast). Assign this as extra listening. The citation above is formatted and ready for a reading list or VLE.About the guestSoledad Artiz Prillaman is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Stanford University and faculty director of the Inclusive Democracy and Development Lab. Her research spans comparative political economy, development, and gender, with a focus on South Asia and on how and when women gain access to politics, both as citizens and as representatives. She is the author of The Patriarchal Political Order: The Making and Unraveling of the Gendered Participation Gap in India (Cambridge University Press, 2023).The paper is co-authored with Peace A. Medie, Associate Professor in the School of Sociology, Politics and International Studies at the University of Bristol. Her work covers gender, security, and politics in Africa, including the campaigns to end violence against women.Research cited in this episodeElite and nonelite women. The paper defines eliteness by access to political power, not by office held or income alone. Elites include elected representatives, but also academics and business executives whose position gives them access to power. Nonelites are those who lack that access. The distinction matters because policy aimed at getting more women into elite positions only helps everyone else if elite and nonelite women want the same things, and the evidence that they do is thin.The income puzzle. At the individual level, income is generally uncorrelated with women's turnout; at the national level, GDP predicts nonelite women's participation only in some places. Women in paid work do participate more, but the driver appears to be the networks and information that come with a job, not the wage.Vote agency. Showing up to vote is not the same as voting freely. Asked whether they would vote for their own preferred party or the one a male gatekeeper preferred, at least half of women in some South Asian settings say they would defer. Work by Sara Khan shows that the women with the least agency are those whose preferences differ most from the men who hold power over them.Varieties of patriarchy. All societies are patriarchal, but patriarchy operates differently across them. In parts of South Asia it takes the form of explicit, socially sanctioned control over where women go and how they vote. In the United States and Europe it shows up earlier, as socialisation, producing large gender gaps in stated political interest. Same underlying force, different mechanics, different policy conclusions.Quotas. More than 100 countries have adopted some form of electoral gender quota, making it the most widespread women's empowerment policy in the world. The evidence on whether quotas help nonelite women is mixed; they raise some women's participation in some places, but in others the effect is null or negative. In India, Prillaman notes campaign material for quota seats that pairs the woman candidate's name with a man's photograph.Collective action. Networks outside the home, through women's groups, microcredit groups, churches, unions or friendship circles, raise women's participation by widening their information and giving them cover against backlash. Prillaman argues that in the Global South women are increasingly using collective action to gain access to politics, and using that access to renegotiate norms, rather than waiting for norms to change first.More from VoxDevWhere are the Indian female politicians?, an interview with Lakshmi Iyer on why a woman winning office in India does not lead to more women standing next time.Related reading on VoxDevGrassroots party activism by women promotes equal political participation, in which Tanushree Goyal finds that women politicians in Delhi recruit women activists, narrowing gender gaps in political knowledge and participation.Women's microcredit groups empower women politically, in which Prillaman shows that microcredit groups raise women's political participation in India by building their networks, not their bank balances.

In dieser Folge sprechen Christian und Franca darüber, woraus sich unser Selbstwertgefühl speist, warum es bei vielen von uns so stark vom Urteil anderer abhängt und warum der Blick in den Spiegel mit aufmunternden Affirmationen wenig daran ändert. Sie stellen dir sieben Quellen vor, an denen Menschen ihren Wert festmachen — von Anerkennung, Wettbewerb, Leistung und Aussehen über die Familie bis zu eigenen Werten und der Verbundenheit mit etwas Größerem — und schauen, welche davon uns abhängig machen und welche tragfähiger sind. Außerdem geht es um ein paar verbreiteten Annahmen und Missverständnisse hinsichtlich Selbstwertgefühl - z.B. darum, dass man sich erst selbst lieben müsse, bevor man eine Beziehung führen darf. Kleiner Spoiler: Das stimmt nicht! Hier sind die Podcastfolgen, die in dieser Folge erwähnt werden: https://psychologie-to-go.podigee.io/313-kompliment https://psychologie-to-go.podigee.io/97-mobbing https://psychologie-to-go.podigee.io/265-standrads Francas neues Buch: Die innere Oma — ab 4. September 2026, jetzt kurze Zeit mit handschriftlicher Signatur vorbestellbar: https://shop.autorenwelt.de/products/die-innere-oma-von-franca-cerutti Alle Tourdaten und Tickets für Dezember: https://www.190a.de/psychologie-to-go/ Unterstütze uns auf Steady: https://steady.page/de/psychologie-to-go/about Hinterlasse eine Frage oder einen Kommentar auf unserem Anrufbeantworter: https://www.speakpipe.com/Psychologietogo Noch mehr gibt´s auf www.franca-cerutti.de Du möchtest mehr über unsere Werbepartner erfahren? Hier findest du alle Infos & Rabatte: https://linktr.ee/psychologietogo Du möchtest Werbung in diesem Podcast schalten? Dann erfahre hier mehr über die Werbemöglichkeiten bei Seven.One Audio: https://www.seven.one/portfolio/sevenone-audio Quellen (Auszug): Crocker & Knight 2005, Current Directions in Psychological Science — doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00364.x Crocker & Park 2004, Psychological Bulletin — doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.392 Cohen & Sherman 2014, Annual Review of Psychology — doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115137 (Ursprung: Steele 1988 — doi:10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60229-4) Neff & Vonk 2009, Journal of Personality — doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00537.x Brummelman u.a. 2017, Child Development — doi:10.1111/cdev.12936

If you enjoy this episode, we're sure you will enjoy more content like this on The Occult Rejects.  In fact, we have curated playlists on occult topics like grimoires, esoteric concepts and phenomena, occult history, analyzing true crime and cults with an occult lens, Para politics, and occultism in music. Whether you enjoy consuming your content visually or via audio, we've got you covered - and it will always be provided free of charge.  So, if you enjoy what we do and want to support our work of providing accessible, free content on various platforms, please consider making a donation to the links provided below.  Thank you and enjoy the episode!Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsBuy Me A Coffeebuymeacoffee.com/TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsWORKS CITEDArnold van Gennep. The Rites of Passage. 1909; English translation, University of Chicago Press, 1960. Use for: separation, transition, incorporation, initiatory structure, and the candidate's movement through old identity, liminal state, and return.Victor Turner. “Betwixt and Between: The Liminal Period in Rites of Passage.” In The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual. Cornell University Press, 1967. Use for: liminality, threshold identity, the candidate as “betwixt and between,” and darkness as embodied transition.Victor Turner. The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. Aldine Publishing, 1969. Use for: liminality, communitas, anti-structure, social transformation, and the ritual pressure placed on ordinary identity.Catherine Bell. Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice. Oxford University Press, 1992. Use for: ritualization, ritual power, the ritualized body, and the temple as a structured environment that trains perception and action.Catherine Bell. “The Ritual Body and the Dynamics of Ritual Power.” Journal of Ritual Studies 4, no. 2 (1990): 299–313. Use for: ritualized bodies, spatial discipline, gesture, power, and the way ritual arrangements shape action.John C. Lilly. The Deep Self: Profound Relaxation and the Tank Isolation Technique. Simon & Schuster, 1977. Use for: the isolation tank, reduced stimulation, altered consciousness, and the modern technological black room.John C. Lilly. The Center of the Cyclone: Looking into Inner Space. Julian Press, 1972. Use carefully for: Lilly's altered-state/counterculture context, isolation tank work, consciousness exploration, and the bridge between research and psychedelic-era experimentation.Justin S. Feinstein et al. “Examining the Short-Term Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Effect of Floatation-REST.” PLOS ONE 13, no. 2 (2018): e0190292. Use for: Floatation-REST, reduced environmental stimulation, anxiety reduction, mood change, and the clinical side of float tanks.Hannah Hruby et al. “Induction of Altered States of Consciousness During Floatation-REST Is Associated With the Dissolution of Body Boundaries and the Distortion of Subjective Time.” Scientific Reports 14 (2024). Use for: float tanks, altered states, body-boundary dissolution, and subjective time distortion.Madison K. M. Garland et al. “A Randomized Controlled Safety and Feasibility Trial of Floatation-REST in Anxious and Depressed Individuals.” PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (2023): e0286899. Use for: safety, tolerability, repeated Floatation-REST, and caution against overclaiming.Lashgari et al. “Floatation-REST Systematic Review.” 2025. Use for: the broad current state of Floatation-REST research, including anxiety, pain, stress, sleep, well-being, and the need for stronger standardization and larger studies.Michael T. H. Do. “Melanopsin and the Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells.” Neuron 104, no. 2 (2019): 205–226. Use for: ipRGCs, melanopsin, non-image-forming vision, circadian entrainment, pupil response, sleep, and light as biological timing information.Lorenzo Lazzerini Ospri, Glen Prusky, and Samer Hattar. “Mood, the Circadian System, and Melanopsin Retinal Ganglion Cells.” Annual Review of Neuroscience 40 (2017): 539–556. Use for: light, mood, circadian rhythm, melanopsin, and the biological consequences of light exposure.Charles A. Czeisler and related circadian medicine research. Use for: artificial light, circadian disruption, melatonin suppression, shift work, and modern light exposure as a biological intervention.Anne-Marie Chang, Daniel Aeschbach, Jeanne F. Duffy, and Charles A. Czeisler. “Evening Use of Light-Emitting eReaders Negatively Affects Sleep, Circadian Timing, and Next-Morning Alertness.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 4 (2015): 1232–1237. Use for: screens, evening light, melatonin suppression, delayed circadian timing, altered sleep, and modern light's effect on the body.A. Roger Ekirch. At Day's Close: Night in Times Past. W. W. Norton, 2005. Use for: premodern night, darkness before electric light, nocturnal fear, dreams, prayer, crime, labor, and the cultural history of darkness.A. Roger Ekirch. “Sleep We Have Lost: Pre-Industrial Slumber in the British Isles.” The American Historical Review 106, no. 2 (2001): 343–386. Use for: segmented sleep, first sleep and second sleep, night waking, dreams, prayer, and premodern sleep culture.Craig Koslofsky. Evening's Empire: A History of the Night in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge University Press, 2011. Use for: early modern night culture, artificial lighting, urban night, public space, and the transformation of darkness.Elisabeth Bronfen. Night Passages: Philosophy, Literature, and Film. Columbia University Press, 2013. Use for: symbolic and cultural readings of night, dream, fear, darkness, passage, and the imagination.Robert F. Taft. The Liturgy of the Hours in East and West: The Origins of the Divine Office and Its Meaning for Today. Liturgical Press, 1993. Use for: night offices, vigils, prayer through darkness, sacred time, and Christian ritual use of night.Bernard McGinn. The Foundations of Mysticism: Origins to the Fifth Century. Crossroad, 1991. Use for: Christian mystical traditions, contemplative darkness, early mystical theology, and the development of mystical language.Pseudo-Dionysius. The Complete Works. Translated by Colm Luibheid. Paulist Press, 1987. Use for: divine darkness, apophatic theology, mystical unknowing, and darkness as a theological category.John of the Cross. Dark Night of the Soul. Various editions. Use carefully for: spiritual darkness, purification, absence, mystical trial, and transformation.“The Neophyte Initiation Ritual.” Public Golden Dawn ritual material. Use carefully for: hoodwink, darkness, “Light dawning in darkness,” staged revelation, and the candidate being brought from night into day.Chögyal Namkhai Norbu. The Crystal and the Way of Light: Sutra, Tantra and Dzogchen. Routledge, 1986. Use for: Dzogchen context, light, vision, and the broader framework around contemplative perception.Christopher Hatchell. Naked Seeing: The Great Perfection, the Wheel of Time, and Visionary Buddhism in Renaissance Tibet. Oxford University Press, 2014. Use for: visionary practice, Great Perfection, Tibetan contemplative contexts, and careful treatment of luminosity and appearance.R. Shane Burns. “Dark Retreat in Tibetan Buddhist Practice.” Use for: dark retreat, preparation, disciplined context, and the difference between contemplative practice and casual sensory deprivation.Raymond Moody. Reunions: Visionary Encounters with Departed Loved Ones. Villard, 1993. Use for: modern psychomanteum practice, grief, mirror-gazing, and encounters with the dead.Arthur Hastings. “The Psychomanteum: A Modern Oracle of the Dead.” Use for: psychomanteum procedure, grief, memory, mirror-gazing, and structured encounter.Marcia K. Johnson, Shahin Hashtroudi, and D. Stephen Lindsay. “Source Monitoring.” Psychological Bulletin 114, no. 1 (1993): 3–28. Use for: inside/outside ambiguity, origin judgments, memory, imagination, and how dark or altered environments complicate interpretation.Shahar Arzy et al. “Induction of an Illusory Shadow Person.” Nature 443 (2006): 287. Use for: sensed presence, body-self disruption, temporoparietal junction, and the feeling of another being nearby.Olaf Blanke et al. “Neurological and Robot-Controlled Induction of an Apparition.” Current Biology 24, no. 22 (2014): 2681–2686. Use for: sensorimotor conflict, apparition-like presence, body-boundary disturbance, and the embodied basis of sensed presence.Also want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball. A

The following interview is part of the 2025 Charleston Conference Leadership Interview Series. In this series, we sit down with leaders and innovators who are making a real difference in scholarly publishing, libraries, and the broader information world. Each conversation is a chance to hear firsthand how these decision makers tackle new challenges, rethink traditional models, and collaborate across sectors. Today's episode features the next conversation from the 2025 Charleston Conference Leadership Interview Series.  Heather Staines, Senior Consultant, Delta Think, and a Conference Director, talks with Frances Pinter, Director, Academic Relations, Central European University Press, and founder, SUPRR. Frances was born in Venezuela to Hungarian parents and lived on four continents by the time she was 20 years old, which she believes greatly influenced the international approach and outlook that she has held throughout her career. Frances has been a prolific figure, and a trail blazer, in Academic Publishing for over 50 years, working with companies of all different sizes and business cultures around the world. She is currently working to help Ukrainian publishers through SUPRR (Supporting Ukrainian Publishing Resilience and Recovery) which she founded. In this conversation, Frances talks with Heather about starting her own publishing company at a very young age while working on her PhD in international relations, and the importance of working with young authors and meeting people at a young age who challenged conventional wisdom, which stayed with her throughout her career. She also talks about her work in networking a computer system with Apple, why serving on industry committees is very important and the knowledge you can gain from being active in this capacity, and the story of how she won a contract against many big players to digitize the Winston Churchill archives. Frances also tells how she was influenced by an experience with a hands-on open access project in Africa that led to her founding of Knowledge Unlatched in 2012, which was acquired by Annual Reviews in 2025. Lastly, she talks with Heather about the role that librarians have played in her professional life.  The video of this interview can be found here: https://youtu.be/0XGbG5yY4y0 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/heatherstaines/  https://www.linkedin.com/in/frances-pinter-6091252/ Keywords: #CharlestonConference #AgainstTheGrain #KatinaMagazine #AnnualReviews #LeadershipInLibraries #InnovationInLibraries #TeamWork #Team #ConferenceEvolution #LibraryCommunity #Librarianship #ProfessionalDevelopment #LibrarianJourney #LibraryEducation #InformationAccess #LibraryCommunity #libraries #librarians #libraryCareer #librarySchool #LibraryLove #academic #AcademicPublishing #scholcomm #ScholarlyCommunication  #learning #learnon #information #leaders #leadership #2024ChsConf ##career #scholcomm #ScholarlyCommunication #libraries #librarianship #LibraryNeeds #LibraryLove #ScholarlyPublishing #AcademicPublishing #publishing #LibrariesAndPublishers #podcasts

Most diets fail because they never address what the food was doing for you emotionally. In this episode, Dr. Brendan McCarthy explains the stress-craving loop behind emotional eating, why ultra-processed foods feel impossible to resist, and how shame actually reinforces the cycle. You'll learn: • Why cravings feel automatic • How stress drives food urges • The “cue → urge → reward” loop • A simple 9-minute method to interrupt cravings This isn't about perfection or willpower. It's about understanding the pattern so you can finally begin to change it.   Citations:  Boswell, Rebecca G., and Hedy Kober. “Food Cue Reactivity and Craving Predict Eating and Weight Gain: A Meta-Analytic Review.” Obesity Reviews, vol. 17, no. 2, 2016, pp. 159–177. doi:10.1111/obr.12354. Use for: Food cues can trigger craving and eating even without true hunger. Berridge, Kent C., and Terry E. Robinson. “Liking, Wanting, and the Incentive-Sensitization Theory of Addiction.” American Psychologist, vol. 71, no. 8, 2016, pp. 670–679. doi:10.1037/amp0000059. Use for: “Wanting” food is not the same as true pleasure. Schultz, Wolfram, Peter Dayan, and P. Read Montague. “A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward.” Science, vol. 275, no. 5306, 1997, pp. 1593–1599. doi:10.1126/science.275.5306.1593. Use for: Dopamine helps encode reward prediction and learning. Wood, Wendy, and Dennis Rünger. “Psychology of Habit.” Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 67, 2016, pp. 289–314. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033417. Use for: Habits form through repeated cue-context loops. Laborde, Sylvain, et al. “Effects of Voluntary Slow Breathing on Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis.” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, vol. 138, 2022, article 104711. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104711. Use for: Slow breathing supports parasympathetic regulation and stress reduction. Lieberman, Matthew D., et al. “Putting Feelings into Words: Affect Labeling Disrupts Amygdala Activity in Response to Affective Stimuli.” Psychological Science, vol. 18, no. 5, 2007, pp. 421–428. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01916.x. Use for: Naming emotions can reduce emotional reactivity. Gollwitzer, Peter M. “Implementation Intentions: Strong Effects of Simple Plans.” American Psychologist, vol. 54, no. 7, 1999, pp. 493–503. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.54.7.493. Use for: “If-then” plans improve behavior change under stress. Forman, Evan M., et al. “A Comparison of Acceptance- and Control-Based Strategies for Coping with Food Cravings: An Analog Study.” Behaviour Research and Therapy, vol. 45, no. 10, 2007, pp. 2372–2386. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.04.004. Use for: Acceptance and urge-surfing strategies help cravings pass without acting on them. Hall, Kevin D., et al. “Ultra-Processed Diets Cause Excess Calorie Intake and Weight Gain: An Inpatient Randomized Controlled Trial of Ad Libitum Food Intake.” Cell Metabolism, vol. 30, no. 1, 2019, pp. 67–77.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.05.008. Use for: Ultra-processed foods increase intake and reinforce overeating patterns.   Dr. Brendan McCarthy is the founder and Chief Medical Officer of Protea Medical Center in Arizona. With over two decades of experience, he's helped thousands of patients navigate hormonal imbalances using bioidentical HRT, nutrition, and root-cause medicine. He's also taught and mentored other physicians on integrative approaches to hormone therapy, weight loss, fertility, and more. If you're ready to take your health seriously, this podcast is a great place to start.

Liebesentzug in der Partnerschaft kennen wirklich, wirklich viele aus eigener Erfahrung - aber kaum jemand spricht darüber. In dieser Folge geht es um die Forschung dahinter und um Frage, was eigentlich in uns vorgeht, wenn wir selbst schweigen oder bewusst angeschwiegen werden. Außerdem schauen wir uns an, wo die Grenze zwischen normaler Konfliktpause und emotionaler Gewalt verläuft – und warum sich Schweigen für dich körperlich anfühlen kann wie Schmerz. Quellen: Gottman Institute, The Four Horsemen: Stonewalling (inkl. Flooding und Antidot): https://www.gottman.com/blog/the-four-horsemen-stonewalling/ Williams, K. D. (2007), Ostracism, Annual Review of Psychology (Volltext-PDF): https://www.hendrix.edu/uploadedFiles/Academics/Faculty_Resources/2016_FFC/Williams%20(2007).pdf Francas SISU- Kurssi gibt es zwischen dem 17.Mai und dem 2. Juni günstiger: www.sisu-online.de Francas neues Buch: Die innere Oma — ab 4. September 2026, jetzt vorbestellbar: https://shop.autorenwelt.de/products/die-innere-oma-von-franca-cerutti Alle Tourdaten und Tickets: https://www.190a.de/psychologie-to-go/ Du möchtest mehr über unsere Werbepartner erfahren? Hier findest du alle Infos & Rabatte: https://linktr.ee/psychologietogo Du möchtest Werbung in diesem Podcast schalten? Dann erfahre hier mehr über die Werbemöglichkeiten bei Seven.One Audio: https://www.seven.one/portfolio/sevenone-audio

What if the anxiety, overthinking, people pleasing, emotional shutdown, hypervigilance, burnout, and relationship struggles you experience today… were never actually "you" to begin with? In this deeply personal and profoundly eye-opening solo episode, Darin Olien dives into the hidden nervous system programming formed between the ages of 0 and 8 that silently shapes our adult lives. Drawing from neuroscience, trauma research, attachment theory, epigenetics, somatic healing, and his own emotional breakthroughs, Darin explores how childhood experiences become subconscious operating systems that influence everything from relationships and stress responses to chronic disease and self-worth. This episode is a powerful roadmap toward healing. Darin breaks down the science behind trauma, the ACE study, nervous system dysregulation, emotional patterning, and neuroplasticity, while also sharing practical tools like somatic experiencing, expressive writing, EMDR, and Internal Family Systems to help listeners begin rewiring their emotional lives from the inside out. What You'll Learn How childhood experiences program the nervous system Why most adult emotional reactions are subconscious survival patterns The connection between trauma, stress hormones, and chronic disease How the nervous system stores emotional experiences in the body Why people pleasing, hypervigilance, burnout, and emotional shutdown develop The science behind neuroplasticity and rewiring the brain What the ACE Study revealed about childhood trauma and adult health How trauma impacts the amygdala, hippocampus, and stress-response systems Why emotional patterns are adaptations, not character flaws How epigenetics can pass trauma responses across generations The role of somatic experiencing in trauma healing Practical tools for emotional regulation and nervous system repair Chapters 00:00:03 – Welcome to SuperLife 00:00:32 – Sponsor: Bite Toothpaste and eliminating toxic plastic exposure 00:02:47 – Darin introduces emotional reactions and nervous system triggers 00:03:15 – A personal story about reacting vs responding in conflict 00:03:50 – Emotional shutdowns, rage, withdrawal, people pleasing, and overcorrection 00:04:19 – Darin's physical pain journey and emotional discoveries in 2025 00:04:42 – Birth trauma, childhood conditioning, and nervous system programming 00:05:04 – Why the ages of 0–8 are the most neurologically influential years 00:05:18 – Theta and delta brainwave states during childhood 00:05:55 – How children absorb emotional patterns without filters 00:06:22 – Childhood experiences becoming subconscious operating systems 00:06:44 – Adults unknowingly living through a 5-year-old nervous system 00:07:12 – Why this episode became deeply personal for Darin 00:07:35 – The neuroscience behind stress responses and emotional conditioning 00:08:17 – Brain development, neuroplasticity, and subconscious programming 00:09:13 – How the HPA axis, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex are shaped early in life 00:09:45 – Core childhood questions that program the nervous system 00:10:29 – Why adult stress responses originate in childhood environments 00:11:05 – Research showing childhood adversity alters brain structure and chemistry 00:11:18 – The ACE Study explained 00:11:49 – Why patients losing weight became emotionally overwhelmed 00:12:18 – The ten categories of adverse childhood experiences 00:13:02 – "The health crisis of America begins in childhood" 00:13:36 – How adverse childhood experiences increase disease risk 00:14:03 – Suicide, alcoholism, autoimmune disease, depression, and trauma correlations 00:14:37 – Chronic disease as a nervous system issue 00:15:04 – Survival mode, inflammation, hormonal dysregulation, and emotional scarcity 00:15:42 – Self-sabotage and emotional coping patterns explained 00:16:02 – Why your emotional patterns are not character flaws 00:16:22 – Childhood survival adaptations and nervous system intelligence 00:16:52 – Hypervigilance, people pleasing, rage, emotional shutdown, and fear 00:17:05 – Sponsor: Manna Vitality and frequency-based wellness 00:18:59 – Epigenetics and inherited trauma responses 00:19:22 – Cortisol regulation genes and hyperactive stress responses 00:19:51 – Holocaust survivors, inherited trauma, and generational nervous systems 00:20:19 – Why healing requires nervous system awareness—not just intellectual understanding 00:20:45 – "You were never supposed to get over it—you were supposed to heal from it" 00:21:01 – Real-life examples of subconscious nervous system programming 00:21:16 – Why receiving compliments can feel unsafe 00:21:30 – Darin's personal struggle with overachievement and scarcity programming 00:22:03 – Emotional neglect, chronic striving, and feeling "not enough" 00:22:16 – The nervous system roots of burnout and exhaustion 00:22:23 – Hair-trigger emotional reactions and hyperactive amygdala responses 00:22:38 – Chronic self-abandonment and losing personal boundaries 00:22:52 – Fear of intimacy, trust issues, and emotional safety 00:23:02 – "The body keeps the score" explained 00:23:22 – Trauma stored in posture, breath, digestion, immunity, and emotional regulation 00:23:43 – Harvard research on trauma-related brain changes 00:24:19 – The radical power of neuroplasticity and nervous system rewiring 00:24:48 – Why healing requires conscious participation 00:25:01 – Darin shares how healing changed decades of emotional pain 00:25:33 – Somatic Experiencing and Peter Levine's trauma work 00:25:57 – How animals discharge stress naturally 00:26:23 – Trauma as incomplete physiological responses frozen in the body 00:26:42 – Why humans suppress emotional discharge 00:27:16 – PTSD research and the effectiveness of somatic experiencing 00:27:41 – A step-by-step somatic grounding practice 00:28:14 – Why healing is more powerful with a regulated person beside you 00:28:38 – EMDR and reprocessing traumatic experiences 00:28:55 – Internal Family Systems and the "parts" inside the psyche 00:29:13 – Inner critics, overachievers, and nervous system adaptations 00:29:39 – Compassionately listening to emotional parts instead of suppressing them 00:29:51 – Expressive writing as a trauma healing practice 00:30:22 – The neuroscience behind emotional journaling 00:30:48 – A four-day expressive writing protocol for healing 00:31:05 – "You are not broken" 00:31:16 – Reprogramming the nervous system through love and safety 00:31:37 – Why deep healing happens in the presence of another regulated person 00:31:52 – Darin considers creating a future healing workshop 00:32:04 – Final reflections: "You are not what happened to you" 00:32:12 – Peace. Love. SuperLife. Thank You to Our Sponsors Bite Toothpaste: Go to trybite.com/DARIN20 or use code DARIN20 for 20% off your first order Manna Vitality: Go to mannavitality.com/ and use code DARIN12 for 12% off your order. Join the SuperLife Patreon: This is where Darin now shares the deeper work: - weekly voice notes - ingredient trackers - wellness challenges - extended conversations - community accountability - sovereignty practices Join now for only $7.49/month at https://patreon.com/darinolien     Connect with Darin Olien: Website: darinolien.com Instagram: @darinolien Book: Fatal Conveniences Platform & Products: superlife.com New Show: Roadmap to Happiness Key Takeaway "The emotional patterns, fears, reactions, and coping mechanisms that run your adult life are often survival adaptations created by your nervous system during childhood. They are not your identity. They are not permanent. And through awareness, somatic healing, emotional processing, nervous system regulation, and conscious repetition, those deeply rooted patterns can be rewritten into something healthier, freer, and more aligned with who you truly are." Bibliography/Sources Neuroscience & Early Programming Agorastos, A., Pervanidou, P., Chrousos, G. P., & Baker, D. G. (2019). Developmental trajectories of early life stress and trauma: A narrative review on neurobiological aspects beyond stress system dysregulation. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, Article 118. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00118 Bolton, J. L., Short, A. K., Simeone, K. A., Daglian, J., & Baram, T. Z. (2019). Programming of stress-sensitive neurons and circuits by early-life experiences. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 13, Article 30. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00030 Shonkoff, J. P., & Boyce, W. T. (2024). Toxic stress and developmental programming of the HPA axis. Annual Review of Developmental Psychology. https://www.annualreviews.org/journal/devpsych Teicher, M. H., & Ohashi, K. (2023). Childhood trauma and reduced hippocampal, anterior cingulate, and corpus callosum volumes. JAMA Psychiatry. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry van der Kolk, B. A. (2014). The body keeps the score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma. Viking / Penguin. https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/313183/the-body-keeps-the-score-by-bessel-van-der-kolk-md/ ACE Study & Adverse Childhood Experiences Felitti, V. J. (2002). The relation between adverse childhood experiences and adult health: Turning gold into lead. The Permanente Journal, 6(1), 44–47. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6112216/ Felitti, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2010). The relationship of adverse childhood experiences to adult health, well-being, social function, and healthcare. In R. Lanius, E. Vermetten, & C. Pain (Eds.), The impact of early life trauma on health and disease (pp. 77–87). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511777042 Hillis, S., Mercy, J., Amobi, A., & Kress, H. (2023). Economic burden of health conditions associated with adverse childhood experiences among U.S. adults. JAMA Network Open, 6(12). https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen Liu, Y., Croft, J. B., Chapman, D. P., et al. (2013). Associations between adverse childhood experiences and health outcomes in adults aged 18–59 years. PLOS ONE, 8(3), e58625. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058625 Epigenetics & Trauma Baratta, M. V., et al. (2021). Epigenetics of childhood trauma: Long term sequelae and potential for treatment. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 132, 1049–1063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.043 Jiang, S., Postovit, L., Cattaneo, A., Binder, E. B., & Aitchison, K. J. (2019). Epigenetic modifications in stress response genes associated with childhood trauma. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, Article 808. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00808 Provençal, N., & Binder, E. B. (2015). The effects of early life stress on the epigenome: From the womb to adulthood and even before. Experimental Neurology, 268, 10–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.12.001 Healing Modalities — Research Brom, D., Stokar, Y., Lawi, C., et al. (2017). Somatic experiencing for posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized controlled outcome study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 30(3), 304–312. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22189 Fratarolli, J. (2006). Experimental disclosure and its moderators: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132(6), 823–865. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.6.823 Gilbert, P. (2009). The compassionate mind: A new approach to life's challenges. New Harbinger Publications. https://www.newharbinger.com/9781572248403/the-compassionate-mind/ Justice Resource Institute. (2022). Evaluation of the efficacy of Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapy for trauma-related symptoms among complexly traumatized adults. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05155930. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05155930 Kuhfuß, M., Maldei, T., Hetmanek, A., & Baumann, N. (2021). Somatic experiencing — effectiveness and key factors of a body-oriented trauma therapy. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), Article 1929023. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1929023 Levine, P. A. (2010). In an unspoken voice: How the body releases trauma and restores goodness. North Atlantic Books. https://www.northatlanticbooks.com/shop/in-an-unspoken-voice/ Neff, K. D., & Germer, C. K. (2013). A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the Mindful Self-Compassion Program. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(1), 28–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21923 Pennebaker, J. W. (1997). Writing about emotional experiences as a therapeutic process. Psychological Science, 8(3), 162–166. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00403.x Rodenburg, R., Benjamin, A., de Roos, C., Meijer, A. M., & Stams, G. J. (2009). Efficacy of EMDR in children: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(7), 599–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.06.008 Schwartz, R. C. (2021). No bad parts: Healing trauma and restoring wholeness with the Internal Family Systems model. Sounds True. https://www.soundstrue.com/products/no-bad-parts Shapiro, F. (2017). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy: Basic principles, protocols, and procedures (3rd ed.). Guilford Press. https://www.guilford.com/books/Eye-Movement-Desensitization-and-Reprocessing/Francine-Shapiro/9781462532766  

Why is it so hard to stop eating ultra-processed foods — even when you know they're hurting you? In Episode 13 of this 16-part series, Dr. Brendan McCarthy explains why the real problem is not just the food itself. The real problem is the loop: Cue or emotional state → Wanting → Bargaining → Consumption → Temporary relief → Crash/regret → Repeat. This episode explores how ultra-processed and hyper-palatable foods become attached to stress, boredom, loneliness, exhaustion, anxiety, and emotional discomfort — training the brain to seek relief through food. Key ideas from this episode: • Hunger is the body asking for nourishment • Wanting is the conditioned brain asking for the expected hit • The food is the bait. The loop is the trap. • The food breaks the feeling. It does not heal the source. • You cannot remove a counterfeit regulator without restoring real regulation. Dr. McCarthy breaks down why willpower alone often fails and why lasting change requires a physiologic off-ramp: stable meals, protein, fiber, hydration, sleep, movement, emotional regulation, cue reduction, social planning, and relapse repair. This is not about “perfect eating.” It is about building a life where food is no longer your primary regulator of stress, comfort, or identity. If you've ever felt trapped in cravings, emotional eating, binge-restrict cycles, or constant food noise, this episode is designed to help you understand the mechanism behind the loop — and how to begin leaving it.

In this episode, we explore the distinction between compliance and willingness in the horse–human relationship. Here we discuss learned helplessness, latency and behavioral enthusiasm, stress physiology, emotional engagement during training, and what willingness may look like behaviorally. Outward obedience does not always reflect the horse's internal emotional experience and invites listeners to observe training interactions with greater curiosity and nuance.Sources & Further ReadingsLearned Helplessness & Animal BehaviorSeligman, M. E. P. (1972). Learned helplessness. Annual Review of Medicine, 23, 407–412. Hall, C., Goodwin, D., Heleski, C., Randle, H., & Waran, N. (2008). Is there evidence of learned helplessness in horses? Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 11(3), 249–266. Stress Physiology & WelfareChristensen, J. W., et al. (2006). Effects of training methods on stress responses in horses. Physiology & Behavior, 89(4), 489–497. von Lewinski, M., et al. (2013). Cortisol release, heart rate, and behavior during horse training. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 8(6), 401–407. Equitation Science & Learning TheoryMcGreevy, P. D., & McLean, A. N. (2010). Equitation Science. Wiley-Blackwell. McLean, A. N., & McGreevy, P. D. (2007). The role of learning theory in equitation. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 2(4), 108–118. Positive Engagement & Human InteractionSankey, C., et al. (2010). Positive interactions lead to lasting positive memories in horses. Animal Behaviour, 79(4), 869–875.

What is the most important thing I've done to support healing after breast cancer? Mindset work. Not positive thinking. Not pretending things are fine when they're not. Not forcing affirmations I didn't believe. I'm talking about the work of examining what I believed was possible for my body and my future and learning how to update those beliefs. In this episode, I share why mindset work became the foundation of my healing journey after a stage 4 breast cancer diagnosis and how neuroscience shows that our brains constantly predict what's possible based on past experiences, conditioning, fear, and environment. We talk about: • Why belief systems impact behavior and healing • The brain as a predictive machine • How fear and conditioning shape health decisions • The connection between self-compassion and consistency • Why changing habits starts with changing beliefs • How small actions help create new evidence for the brain This conversation is about learning to believe that healing, peace, health, and change may actually be available to you.   References Barrett, L.F. & Simmons, W.K. (2015). Interoceptive predictions in the brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16(7), 419-429. Hutchinson, J.B. & Barrett, L.F. (2019). The power of predictions: An emerging paradigm for psychological research. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 28(3), 280-291. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: Freeman. Neff, K.D. (2023). Self-Compassion: Theory, Method, Research, and Intervention. Annual Review of Psychology, 74, 193-218.   Resources Mentioned: Work with Laura: https://www.thebreastcancerrecoverycoach.com/health  Download for iPhone:  https://apps.apple.com/us/app/kajabi/id1485646310 Download for Android:  https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=kajabi.kajabiapp&hl=en_US   Let's Connect! If this episode helped you breathe a little easier, please share it with a friend or leave a review. Every share helps spread this message of hope, healing, and whole-person wellness.

In this episode, Dr. Brendan McCarthy dives deep into the psychology of ultra-processed foods, compulsive eating, shame, and why so many people feel trapped in unhealthy food cycles. This conversation goes far beyond calories and willpower. Dr. McCarthy explains how ultra-processed and hyper-palatable foods are intentionally engineered to drive repeat consumption, how emotional memories and stress shape cravings, and why shame-based nutrition advice often makes the problem worse instead of better. Topics covered in this episode include: • How ultra-processed foods affect the brain • Why compulsive eating is learned — and can be unlearned • The connection between trauma, stress, and food cravings • The difference between guilt and shame • How marketing and emotional associations shape eating habits • Why “clean eating” language can be harmful • The neuroscience of cravings, dopamine, serotonin, and reward • What real freedom with food actually looks like • Why self-compassion matters in healing If you've ever felt trapped in cycles of emotional eating, binge eating, food guilt, or shame around nutrition, this episode is for you.  

Join us on May 21st at 6:30pm for a panel on Radicals, Realists, and Repression: The State of Activism in the US. The panel will feature Prof. Thomas Zeitzoff, professor in the School of Public Affairs at American University and author of “No Option, But Sabotage,” Prof. Omar Wasow, Assistant Professor in UC Berkeley's Department of Political Science, longtime environmental campaigner and organizer, and co-host of the Green and Red Podcast, Scott Parkin and Jason Myles, host of THIS IS REVOLUTION>podcast.RSVP: https://actionnetwork.org/events/radicals-realists-and-repression-the-state-of-activism-in-the-us/https://actionnetwork.org/events/radicals-realists-and-repression-the-state-of-activism-in-the-us/We've been in the midst of a serious rollback of first amendment protected activities. States are passing anti-protest legislation, police are increasingly militarized, surveillance is being drastically increased on activist groups and the Trump administration is turning activism into terrorism. BUT, we are also seeing new large-scale resistance from the massive No Kings and May Day mobilizations to fierce resistance to ICE in Los Angeles, Chicago and Minneapolis, communities and movements are fighting back.The anti-AI Data Center movement has blurred political divides across the country. Activists are not only marching in the street and disrupting authoritarian forces, but actions at Tesla dealerships, Kimberly Clark warehouses, the offices of corporate war profiteers and other locations show a radical edge to today's resistance.This panel discussion will focus on the state of activism in the United States from its radicals to its realists, how the state is responding with repression, and understanding why movements and activists make the choices they do. WHERE: The Berkeley Fellowship of Unitarian Universalists; 1924 Cedar St. Berkeley CAWHEN: May 21st, 2026. Doors open at 6:30pm. Event begins at 7pmVirtual viewing: We'll also be live streaming the event on our YouTube Page. Just RSVP to receive details on how to watch.RSVP: https://actionnetwork.org/events/radicals-realists-and-repression-the-state-of-activism-in-the-us/Bio// Thomas Zeitzoff is a professor in the School of Public Affairs at American University in Washington DC. His research focuses on political violence, social media, and political psychology. His most recent book is No Option But Sabotage: The Radical Climate Movement and the Climate Crisis (Oxford 2026). His work has appeared in many of the leading political science journals, and he is also the author of Nasty Politics: The Logic of Insults, Threats, and Incitement (Oxford, 2023). Bio// Omar Wasow is an Assistant Professor in UC Berkeley's Department of Political Science. His research focuses on race, politics and statistical methods. His paper on the political consequences of the 1960s civil rights movement was published in the American Political Science Review. His co-authored work on estimating causal effects of race was published in the Annual Review of Political Science. Previously, Omar co-founded BlackPlanet.com, an early leading social network, and was a regular technology analyst on radio and television.Bio//Scott Parkin has been a campaigner and organizer in social justice and environmental movements for over two decades. He is the Organizing Director at Rainforest Action Network and has led campaigns against Wall Street banks, mountaintop removal coal mining and the Keystone XL pipeline.Bio// Jason Myles is the host of THIS IS REVOLUTION>podcast with bylines in Current Affairs Magazine,Damage Magazine and Black Agenda ReportEvent hosted by the Green and Red Podcast, Berkeley Fellowship of Unitarian Universalists' Social Justice Committee, Mt. Diablo Rising Tide and Oil and Gas ActionNetwork

If you enjoy this episode, we're sure you will enjoy more content like this on The Occult Rejects.  In fact, we have curated playlists on occult topics like grimoires, esoteric concepts and phenomena, occult history, analyzing true crime and cults with an occult lens, Para politics, and occultism in music. Whether you enjoy consuming your content visually or via audio, we've got you covered - and it will always be provided free of charge.  So, if you enjoy what we do and want to support our work of providing accessible, free content on various platforms, please consider making a donation to the links provided below.  Thank you and enjoy the episode!Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Cash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsBuy Me A Coffeebuymeacoffee.com/TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsPrimary / traditional texts and core religious sourcesĀnāpānasati Sutta (MN 118), translated by Thanissaro Bhikkhu, Access to Insight. Best primary source for Buddhist mindfulness of breathing.“Ḏekr / Dhikr,” Encyclopaedia Iranica. Strong source for Sufi remembrance, rhythmic repetition, posture, and breathing-linked practice.“Hesychasm,” Encyclopaedia Britannica. Good general source for the Christian contemplative tradition of stillness, uninterrupted prayer, and the Jesus Prayer.“Saint Gregory Palamas,” Encyclopaedia Britannica. Useful for the role of bodily posture and controlled breathing in Hesychast prayer.Crowley, Aleister. Liber E vel Exercitiorum. Primary text for Crowley's explicit inclusion of “Pranayama – Regularisation of the Breathing” in occult training.Crowley, Aleister. Book Four, Part 1. Useful for Crowley's statement that pranayama is useful in “quieting the emotions and appetites.”Historical / religious context“Prana,” Encyclopaedia Britannica. Best short source for the deep Indian background: prāṇa, the five prāṇas, and breath as vital force.“Pranayama,” Encyclopaedia Britannica. Best short source for classical Yoga: pranayama as the fourth limb aimed toward samādhi.“Hatha Yoga,” Encyclopaedia Britannica. Useful for the force-oriented turn: bodily mastery, purification, and regulation of breathing.“Qi,” Encyclopaedia Britannica. Good for Daoist and Chinese background: qi as psychophysical energy and breath-linked vital force.“Qigong,” Encyclopaedia Britannica. Useful for qigong as a discipline combining movement, breathing, and mental concentration.“Are Kabbalistic Meditations all about Ecstasy?” in Hermes Explains (Cambridge). Strong academic source for Abraham Abulafia and ecstatic Kabbalah.“Classical Kabbalah, Its History and Symbolic Universe.” Useful academic source noting ecstatic Kabbalah's breathing exercises, postures, and developed techniques.Neuroscience / physiology / altered statesAshhad, Kam, Del Negro, and Feldman. “Breathing Rhythm and Pattern and Their Influence on Emotion.” Annual Review of Neuroscience (2022). One of the best overview papers for the whole episode.Yackle et al. “Breathing control center neurons that promote arousal in mice.” Science (2017). Key source for the preBötzinger complex / calm-vs-arousal section.Schottelkotte and Dutschmann. “Forebrain control of breathing: Anatomy and potential functions.” Frontiers in Neurology (2022). Best source for cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and thalamus in breathing control.Krohn et al. “The integrated brain network that controls respiration.” eLife (2023). Strong review for respiration as part of a larger integrated brain network.Heck et al. “Breathing as a fundamental rhythm of brain function.” Human MEG work on respiration-modulated brain oscillations across frequency bands and brain regions.(Note: the specific MEG paper surfaced in earlier research as the respiration-modulated oscillations study; the review sources above are the strongest anchors for that section.)Zelano et al. “Nasal Respiration Entrains Human Limbic Oscillations and Modulates Cognitive Function.” Journal of Neuroscience (2016). One of the most important human papers in the whole script.Schreiner et al. “Respiration modulates sleep oscillations and memory reactivation in humans.” Nature Communications (2023). Best source for the sleep-spindle / memory-reactivation section.Zaccaro et al. “How Breath-Control Can Change Your Life: A Systematic Review on Psychophysiological Correlates of Slow Breathing.” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience / PMC version (2018). Best broad source for slow breathing under 10 breaths per minute.Shao, Man, and Lee. “The Effect of Slow-Paced Breathing on Cardiovascular and Emotion Functions: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.” Mindfulness (2024). Useful for the stabilizing-road section.Kozhevnikov et al. “Neurocognitive and Somatic Components of Temperature Increases during g-Tummo Meditation.” PLoS ONE (2013). Best source for vase breathing and inner-heat claims.Zhang et al. “Hyperventilation in neurological patients: from physiology to outcome evidence.” Useful source for hypocapnia, cerebral vasoconstriction, and reduced cerebral blood flow.Havenith et al. “Decreased CO2 saturation during circular breathwork supports emergence of altered states of consciousness.” Communications Psychology (2025). The key modern paper for circular breathwork and altered-state onset. Also want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball. Now let me introduce the rest of the panel and guests.

Send us Fan MailToday we're going somewhere I've been wanting to go for a while — into the neuroscience of oxytocin. Not oxytocin as the cuddle hormone, though it is that too. Oxytocin as a brain-changing, nervous system-healing, plasticity-promoting substance that you can actually learn to stimulate intentionally through your daily practices.What we cover:What oxytocin actually is — beyond the "love hormone" label, it is a neuroplasticity agent that promotes new neuron growth, reshapes synaptic connections, and helps the brain become more open to change and healingThe oxytocin-safety loop — how oxytocin and the parasympathetic nervous system reinforce each other, and why this is the biological basis for healing happening in relationship and community rather than in isolationThe research on meditation — particularly loving-kindness, gratitude, and compassion-based practices — and why the heart-opening, relational quality of the practice matters more than meditation style aloneNadi Shodhana (alternate nostril breathing) — the honest framing of what the research does and doesn't yet show, and why the vagus nerve pathway makes it one of the most direct routes to oxytocin release we haveSeven everyday oxytocin releasers — gentle touch and self-massage, warmth, face-to-face community, humming and chanting, gratitude — and how each maps onto Ayurvedic practices you may already be doingFree downloads: Grab the one-page guide — 7 Ways to Release Oxytocin Today — with the science and Ayurvedic wisdom behind each practice. Click HereAnd my Self Abhyanga Guide HereResearch ReferencesOxytocin & Neural PlasticityPekarek, B.T., Hunt, P.J., & Arenkiel, B.R. (2020). Oxytocin and Sensory Network Plasticity. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, 30. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00030Froemke, R.C., & Young, L.J. (2021). Oxytocin, Neural Plasticity, and Social Behavior. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 44, 359–381. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-102320-102847Meditation & OxytocinBellosta-Batalla, M., et al. (2020). Increased salivary oxytocin and reduced anxiety in a mindfulness and compassion-based intervention. Mindfulness. (Referenced in Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2024)Machida, S., Sunagawa, M., & Takahashi, T. (2018). Oxytocin release during the meditation of altruism and appreciation (Arigato-Zen). International Journal of Neurology Research, 4, 364–370.Resources:Free Masterclass:  The Alchemy of the Perimenopause PortalAyurvedic Dosha Quick Reference GuideAbhyanga Self Massage GuideWeekend Nervous System ResetNourished For Resilience Workbook Find me at www.nourishednervoussystem.comand @nourishednervoussytem on Instagram

GLP-1 medications like semaglutide and tirzepatide are everywhere right now—but are they actually solving the problem? In Episode 8 of this 16-part series on ultra-processed foods, Dr. Brendan McCarthy breaks down the truth about GLP-1 medications: how they work, why they can feel like a “miracle,” and where things go wrong when they're used without proper medical guidance. This isn't about shame. It's about understanding. GLP-1s can quiet “food noise” and help regulate appetite—but they don't fix your relationship with food, your metabolism, or the long-term patterns that lead to weight gain. Without structure, nutrition, and proper care, many patients end up with muscle loss, nutrient deficiencies, and rebound weight gain. In this episode, you'll learn: What GLP-1 medications actually do in your body Why they're not a long-term solution on their own The biggest mistakes doctors and clinics make when prescribing them How ultra-processed foods drive weight gain in the first place How to use GLP-1s the right way to create lasting change The goal isn't dependence—it's freedom. If you're currently on a GLP-1 (or considering it), this episode will change how you think about your treatment plan.   Mechanism Anchored References This episode is not anti medication. It is about putting GLP 1 therapy in its proper place. GLP 1 receptor agonists can reduce appetite pressure and alter satiety signaling. That matters. But quieter appetite is not the same as full recovery. Food quality still matters. Protein still matters. Muscle still matters. Structure still matters.   References U.S. Food and Drug Administration. WEGOVY semaglutide injection Prescribing Information. 2025. Wilding, John P H, et al. Once Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 384, no. 11, 2021, pp. 989 to 1002. Wilding, John P H, et al. Weight Regain and Cardiometabolic Effects After Withdrawal of Semaglutide The STEP 1 Trial Extension. Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, vol. 24, no. 8, 2022, pp. 1553 to 1564. Hall, Kevin D, et al. Ultra Processed Diets Cause Excess Calorie Intake and Weight Gain An Inpatient Randomized Controlled Trial of Ad Libitum Food Intake. Cell Metabolism, vol. 30, no. 1, 2019, pp. 67 to 77. Neeland, Ian J, et al. Changes in Lean Body Mass with Glucagon Like Peptide 1 Based Therapies and Mitigation Strategies. Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, 2024. Wilding, John P H, et al. Impact of Semaglutide on Body Composition in Adults with Overweight or Obesity Exploratory Analysis of the STEP 1 Study. 2021. Everitt, Barry J, and Trevor W Robbins. Drug Addiction Updating Actions to Habits to Compulsions Ten Years On. Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 67, 2016, pp. 23 to 50. Monteiro, Carlos A, et al. The UN Decade of Nutrition the NOVA Food Classification and the Trouble with Ultra Processing. Public Health Nutrition, vol. 21, no. 1, 2018, pp. 5 to 17.   Dr. Brendan McCarthy is the founder and Chief Medical Officer of Protea Medical Center in Arizona. With over two decades of experience, he's helped thousands of patients navigate hormonal imbalances using bioidentical HRT, nutrition, and root-cause medicine. He's also taught and mentored other physicians on integrative approaches to hormone therapy, weight loss, fertility, and more. If you're ready to take your health seriously, this podcast is a great place to start.  

It's once again 'Bring Your Paper to Work' day here at Mindtools Kineo, as Ross G, Dr Anna and Ross D each take turns to share an academic study that they think has key insights for L&D professionals. In this week's episode of The Mindtools L&D Podcast, we discuss the following papers: Rogelberg, S. G., Kreamer, L. M., & Gray, J. (2026). 'Thirty years of meeting science: Lessons learned and the road ahead.' Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 13, 415–442. Castro, S., Englmaier, F., & Guadalupe, M. (2024). 'Fostering psychological safety in teams: Evidence from an RCT'. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2024(1), 16624. Shen, J. H., & Tamkin, A. (2026). 'How AI impacts skill formation' (arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.20245). In 'What I Learned This Week', Ross D mentioned National Grid: Live. For more from Mindtools Kineo, visit mindtools.com or kineo.com. There, you'll also find details of our Learning Management Systems, Content Hub for leaders and managers, and custom learning design service - including AI skills development! You can also email us at custom@mindtools.com. Like the show? You'll LOVE our newsletter! Subscribe to The L&D Dispatch at lddispatch.com Connect with our speakers     If you'd like to share your thoughts on this episode, connect with us on LinkedIn:  Ross Dickie  Anna Barnett  Ross Garner  

Rich people live longer than poor people in every country that researchers have studied. In the United States today, the gap in life expectancy between the richest and poorest 1% of individuals exceeds ten years. The relationship between money and health is steepest at the bottom of the income distribution, where additional resources buy the most: when people are poor, there is a great deal that money can do for their health. In this week's episode, Adriana Lleras-Muney of UCLA tells Tim Phillips that the evidence on the relationship between poverty and health is less certain than policymakers tend to assume. Causality runs in both directions: poor health is one of the fastest routes into poverty, and understanding how much of the association flows in each direction is still an active debate. Giving poor people more money does not reliably translate into better health within the timescales and amounts that most experiments can test, because the details matter: how long the transfer lasts, whether it is conditional, and what receiving it signals about a person's economic future all shape what they actually do with it.The most consistent finding from the policy evidence is that public health insurance and access to cheap, proven preventive interventions tend to deliver more reliable health gains than cash transfers — but whether either works in practice depends heavily on the implementation and the trust that governments can build with the populations they are trying to help.The research behind this episode:Lleras-Muney, Adriana, Hannes Schwandt, and Laura R. Wherry. 2025. "Poverty and Health." Annual Review of Economics 17.To cite this episode:Phillips, Tim and Adriana Lleras-Muney, 2026. "Poverty and Health." VoxDev Talk (podcast).Assign this as extra listening: the citation above is formatted and ready for a reading list or VLE.About Adriana Lleras-MuneyAdriana Lleras-Muney is Professor of Economics at the University of California, Los Angeles, where her research focuses on health economics and the relationship between socioeconomic conditions and health outcomes across the life course. The paper discussed in this episode is co-authored with Hannes Schwandt (Northwestern University) and Laura R. Wherry (NYU Wagner Graduate School of Public Service).More VoxDev Talks on this topicThe history of cash transfers: Tim Phillips speaks with Ugo Gentilini about his research tracing 2,500 years of giving people money, from Ancient Rome to the COVID pandemic, and what history reveals about the recurring debates over when and why cash transfers work.Improving access to and use of clean water: Tim Phillips speaks with Pascaline Dupas about why access to clean water remains one of the most cost-effective public health interventions available, and the barriers that prevent its wider adoption in low-income settings.Related reading on VoxDevCash transfers reduce adult and child mortality rates in low- and middle-income countries: evidence that unconditional cash transfers have measurable effects on mortality in poor settings, with implications for how we think about the relationship between income and health.Effective health aid: Evidence from Gavi's vaccine programme: what a large-scale vaccination programme reveals about the conditions under which targeted public health interventions can make a lasting difference in low-income countries.

In dieser Folge von Betreutes Fühlen sprechen Leon und Atze über eine der am meisten missverstandenen psychischen Erkrankungen: Schizophrenie. Was ist Mythos, was Realität? Wie gefährlich ist Schizophrenie wirklich? Und was hat das alles mit uns selbst zu tun? Ausgehend von der bewegenden Geschichte von sechs Brüdern, die an Schizophrenie erkranken, tauchen sie ein in die Frage, wie sich eine Psychose wirklich anfühlt – und warum auch unsere Wahrnehmung uns manchmal täuscht. Es geht um Wahn, Stimmen, aber auch um Einsamkeit, Stigma und die oft unsichtbaren Kämpfe dahinter. Fühlt euch gut betreut Leon & Atze Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/leonwindscheid/ https://www.instagram.com/atzeschroeder_offiziell/ Mehr zu unseren Werbepartnern findet ihr hier: https://linktr.ee/betreutesfuehlen Tickets: Atze: https://www.atzeschroeder.de/#termine Leon: https://leonwindscheid.de/tour/ Vorverkauf 2026: https://betreutes-fuehlen.ticket.io/ Quellen Anwar, A., Mustafa, A. M., Abdou, K., Rabie, M. A., El-Shiekh, R. A., & El-Dessouki, A. M. (2025). A comprehensive review on schizophrenia: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, conventional treatments, and proposed natural compounds used for management. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-025-04351-0 Badcock, J. C., Adery, L. H., & Park, S. (2020). Loneliness in psychosis: A practical review and critique for clinicians. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 27(4), Article e12345. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12345 Gerlinger, G., Hauser, M., De Hert, M., Lacluyse, K., Wampers, M., & Correll, C. U. (2013). Personal stigma in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review of prevalence rates, correlates, impact and interventions. World Psychiatry, 12(2), 155–164. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20040 Keller, G. B., & Sterzer, P. (2024). Predictive processing: A circuit approach to psychosis. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 47(1), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-100223-121214 Kolker, R. (2020). Hidden Valley Road: Inside the mind of an American family. Doubleday. Lim, M. H., Gleeson, J. F., Alvarez-Jimenez, M., & Penn, D. L. (2018). Loneliness in psychosis: A systematic review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 53(3), 221–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-018-1482-5 Simeone, J. C., Ward, A. J., Rotella, P., Collins, J., & Windisch, R. (2015). An evaluation of variation in published estimates of schizophrenia prevalence from 1990–2013: A systematic literature review. BMC Psychiatry, 15, Article 193. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0578-7 Valery, K. M., & Prouteau, A. (2020). Schizophrenia stigma in mental health professionals and associated factors: A systematic review. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113068 Wittchen, H.-U., & Hoyer, J. (2011). Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie (Lehrbuch mit Online-Materialien). Springer. World Health Organization (o. J.). Schizophrenia – Fact sheet. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schizophrenia NPR (2020). In “Hidden Valley Road,” a family's journey helps shift the science of mental illness. https://www.npr.org/2020/04/05/826695581 Earley, P. (2020). Three mothers describe their experiences with adult children with serious mental illness. https://www.peteearley.com/2020/06/01/joined-by-bestselling-author-of-hidden-valley-road-3-mothers-describe-their-experiences-with-adult-children-with-smis/ Verywell Mind. The internal experience of schizophrenia. https://www.verywellmind.com/the-internal-experience-of-schizophrenia-2953095 Wikipedia. Hidden Valley Road. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden_Valley_Road The Washington Post (2020). The turbulent lives of six brothers with schizophrenia. https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/the-turbulent-lives-of-six-brothers-with-schizophrenia/2020/04/07/13ae195e-6223-11ea-acca-80c22bbee96f_story.html Galvin Family Trust. The brothers.

In this episode of the Risk Management Show, we sit down with Clarence Chio, Cofounder & CEO at Coverbase to explore how vendor risk is evolving in the age of AI and interconnected ecosystems. As organizations increasingly rely on third-party services, traditional approaches to risk management—like annual reviews and static assessments—are proving insufficient. Clarence shares insights on why continuous monitoring is becoming essential, how procurement is emerging as a critical control point, and how AI can help organizations stay ahead of vendor-related risks. 

Return of Tyranny explains why counterrevolutions both emerge and succeed, marshalling original data on counterrevolutions worldwide since 1900. It also offers a fresh perspective and new evidence on the reversal of Egypt's 2011 revolution, one of the most prominent recent episodes of counterrevolution. The book forwards a movement-centric argument that emphasizes the strategies revolutionary leaders embrace, both during their opposition campaigns and after they seize power. Movements that wage violent resistance and espouse radical ideologies establish regimes that are very difficult to overthrow. By contrast, democratic revolutions like Egypt's are much more vulnerable – though the book also identifies a path by which they too can avoid counterrevolution. By preserving their elite coalitions and broad popular support, these movements can return to mass mobilization to thwart counterrevolutionary threats. In an era of resurgent authoritarianism worldwide, Return of Tyranny sheds light on one particularly violent form of reactionary politics. Meet our speakers Killian Clarke is an Assistant Professor in the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, affiliated with the Center for Contemporary Arab Studies. His research focuses on revolution, protest, democratization, and authoritarianism with a regional focus on the Middle East. He is the author of Return of Tyranny: Why Counterrevolutions Emerge and Succeed (Cambridge University Press, 2025), as well as peer-reviewed articles in the American Political Science Review, Annual Review of Political Science, British Journal of Political Science, and World Politics. Hazem Kandil is the Cambridge University Professor of Historical and Political Sociology, Fellow of St Catharine's College and Head of Department. He studies power relations and social interactions, focusing on war, regime change, intellectuals and ideology in America, Europe, and the Middle East. He holds a PhD in Sociology from UCLA, and MA degrees in Political Theory and International Relations. His publications include Power Triangle: Military, Security, and Politics in Regime Change (Oxford University Press 2016), Inside the Brotherhood (Polity 2014), and Soldiers, Spies, and Statesmen (Verso 2012). Kandil received the Philip Leverhulme Prize (2014) and a ProFutura Scientia Fellowship (2016). After finishing a book project on US military campaigns from 1960 to the present, he started a new one on encounters with Critical Theory. Meet our chair Katerina Dalacoura is Associate Professor in International Relations at the London School of Economics and Political Science, and Director of the LSE Middle East Centre. She held a Major Research Fellowship by the Leverhulme Trust between 2021 and 2024. The project findings will shortly be published as a book monograph by Cambridge University Press, under the title Islamic International Thought in Turkey: History, Civilisation and Nation.

For 70 years, a simple idea has shaped efforts to reduce prejudice: put people from different groups together under the right conditions, and contact reduces prejudice. Gordon Allport proposed it in 1954. A landmark 2006 meta-analysis of 515 studies seemed to confirm it, reporting an average effect of 0.4 standard deviations on prejudice measures. That paper has been cited more than 14,000 times. The credibility revolution has undermined this evidence, by correcting for publication bias that meant null results were seldom published. Matt Lowe of the Vancouver School of Economics has published a new review of 41 pre-registered studies, and he finds the average effect is one-tenth of a standard deviation. Those 41 pre-registered intergroup contact experiments cover nearly 40,000 participants across a wide range of countries, roughly half of them in the Global South. He tells Tim Phillips that the effects are real, consistently positive … but consistently small. Contact interventions are a waste of time. Costs can be low, and the alternatives have not yet been held to the same rigorous standard. But the gap between what the old literature promised and what careful experiments deliver is large enough to matter for anyone designing programmes to reduce prejudice between groups.The research behind this episode:Lowe, Matt. 2025. "Has Intergroup Contact Delivered?" Annual Review of Economics 17.To cite this episode:Phillips, Tim. 2026. "Has Intergroup Contact Delivered?" VoxDev Talk (podcast). Assign this as extra listening: the citation above is formatted and ready for a reading list or VLE.About Matt LoweMatt Lowe is an assistant professor at the Vancouver School of Economics at the University of British Columbia, a CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholar, and a J-PAL faculty affiliate whose research spans intergroup relations, development, and political economy. His website is at mattjlowe.github.io. He has previously been published in VoxDev discussing his field experiment on collaborative and adversarial caste integration through cricket leagues in India.Research cited in this episodeAllport, Gordon W. 1954. The Nature of Prejudice. Addison-Wesley. The founding text of intergroup contact theory, which proposed that contact between groups reduces prejudice when it meets four conditions: equal status, common goals, intergroup cooperation, and support from authorities.Pettigrew, Thomas F., and Linda R. Tropp. 2006. "A Meta-Analytic Test of Intergroup Contact Theory." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 90 (5). The 515-study meta-analysis that established the 0.4 standard deviation benchmark for contact effects and became the dominant reference point for the field.Paluck, Elizabeth Levy, Roni Porat, Chelsey S. Clark, and Donald P. Green. 2021. "Prejudice Reduction: Progress and Challenges." Annual Review of Psychology 72. A review of 418 experiments on prejudice reduction from 2007 to 2019, identifying troubling signs of publication bias and finding that most studies evaluate light-touch, small-scale interventions with uncertain long-term effects.Scacco, Alexandra, and Shana S. Warren. 2018. "Can Social Contact Reduce Prejudice and Discrimination? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Nigeria." American Political Science Review 112 (3). A randomised field experiment mixing Christian and Muslim young men in a vocational training programme in Kaduna, Nigeria. Contact reduced discriminatory behaviour but did not change attitudes.Mousa, Salma. 2020. "Building Social Cohesion between Christians and Muslims through Soccer in Post-ISIS Iraq." Science 369 (6505). Randomly assigned Iraqi Christian displaced persons to football teams with Muslim teammates. Effects were positive on behaviours within the intervention but did not generalise to interactions with Muslim strangers outside it.Chakraborty, Anujit, Arkadev Ghosh, Matt Lowe, and Gareth Nellis. 2024. "Learning About Outgroups: The Impact of Broad Versus Deep Interactions." SSRN Working Paper. A field experiment in India finding that broad contact (meeting many different outgroup members) corrects misperceptions about outgroups, while deep contact (sustained interaction with one person) builds social and economic ties. Neither type generalises fully to the wider outgroup.Lowe, Matt. 2021. "Types of Contact: A Field Experiment on Collaborative and Adversarial Caste Integration." American Economic Review 111 (6). Randomly assigned Indian men from different castes to cricket teams or control groups, finding that collaborative contact increased cross-caste friendships and efficiency in trade while adversarial contact reduced them.More VoxDev Talks on this topicPromoting national integration in Nigeria: Tim Phillips talks to Oyebola Okunogbe about her research on the Nigerian National Youth Service Corps, which posts university graduates to states other than their own to promote national integration through intergroup contact.Peacemaking, peacebuilding and post-war reconstruction: Salma Mousa and Lisa Hultman discuss what the evidence shows about building peace and social cohesion after conflict, including which interventions hold up and which do not.Building social cohesion in ethnically mixed schools: an intervention in Turkey: Sule Alan discusses a programme designed to build cohesion between children from different ethnic backgrounds in Turkish schools, with effects on peer violence, reciprocity, and interethnic friendships.Related reading on VoxDevHow competition between villages helped divided communities in Indonesia: in ethnically diverse or divided settings, shared efforts towards a collective external goal can help bridge internal divides and build a shared identity.Reducing prejudice towards forced migrants through perspective taking: evidence on how perspective-taking interventions affect attitudes towards refugees and displaced populations.How a documentary film fostered interethnic harmony in Bangladesh: a media-based approach to reducing intergroup prejudice, examining what content and delivery can shift attitudes at scale.

On today's show, host Esty Dinur is in conversation with Killian Clarke about his new book, Return of Tyranny: Why Counterrevolutions Emerge and Succeed. He researches moments of democratic liberation brought about by mass struggle and why some succeed and others fail. Though he did not write about the US, he's seen his research become surprising and tragically poignant in the second Trump presidency. Clarke says that democratic backsliding like we're seeing in the US, has happened in other democracies around the world. But elected leaders who systematically dismantle institutions of democracy and then install an authoritarian regime is far more common in young democracies than in places like the US. It's shocking how quickly Trump and his team are succeeding. There are resonances between tyrants everywhere in how they cement their rule and gain popularity. They also discuss comparisons between Trump and Hitler's rise to power, political polarization in the US, Clarke's research on Egypt, and the vulnerability of other unarmed revolutions. Clarke says that there are downsides to the prevalence of technology in today's social movements and says that grassroots organizing is needed to sustain a movement. He recommends Zeynep Tufekci's book, Twitter and Tear Gas and says it's possible to pressure the Democratic Party to stand for something, like was done during the Civil Rights Movement.  Killian Clarke is an Assistant Professor in the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, affiliated with the Center for Contemporary Arab Studies. His research examines revolution, protest, democratization, and authoritarianism with a regional focus on the Middle East. He is the author of Return of Tyranny: Why Counterrevolutions Emerge and Succeed (Cambridge University Press, 2025), as well as peer-reviewed articles in the American Political Science Review, Annual Review of Political Science, British Journal of Political Science, and World Politics. Featured image of the cover of Return of Tyranny: Why Counterrevolutions Emerge and Succeed, available from Cambridge University Press. Did you enjoy this story? Your funding makes great, local journalism like this possible. Donate hereThe post How to Make Tyrants and Cement Power appeared first on WORT-FM 89.9.

For many people with a history of chronic stress, attachment wounds, or complex trauma, boundaries don't land as neutral information — they register in the nervous system as abandonment, threat, or loss of connection. In this episode of Trauma Rewired, we explore why that happens and what it actually takes to rewire those responses at the level that matters most: the body. This conversation reframes boundaries not as walls, ultimatums, or communication strategies, but as a nervous system skill that emerges from regulation, capacity, and internal coherence. Together with our guest, we unpack why setting boundaries from anger can feel easier than setting them from truth, why receiving boundaries can activate shame or collapse, and how post-traumatic growth allows boundaries to become a source of safety rather than disconnection. If you've ever understood boundaries intellectually but struggled to live them relationally, this episode offers a deeper, more compassionate lens — one rooted in neuroscience, somatics, and the lived process of healing. In this episode of Trauma Rewired, co-hosts Jennifer Wallace and Elisabeth Kristof are joined by Margy Feldhuhn, co-owner of Brain-Based Wellness, for a grounded, practical conversation about boundaries. The conversation addresses why boundaries can feel threatening for people with relational or developmental trauma, how control dynamics get confused with protection, and what it looks like to set limits without shame, punishment, or power struggles. Whether you struggle to set boundaries, feel triggered by others' boundaries, or worry about being "too much," this episode offers language and perspective that supports safety rather than disconnection. Chapters 00:00 – Intro/Why boundaries often get mislabeled as control 07:42 – Trauma, power, and the nervous system's role in boundaries 15:30 – The difference between protective limits and coercion 24:10 – Why boundaries can feel unsafe or activating 33:45 – Common boundary mistakes rooted in trauma responses 44:20 – What healthy, non-controlling boundaries actually look like Calls to Action

"Just checking in" is the fastest way to get ignored.In 2026, if your real estate business relies entirely on bothering people or burning cash on paid leads, you do not own a business. You are renting attention.In this episode, I dismantle the old-school sphere of influence advice. We move away from random, awkward check-in calls and replace them with a predictable Annual Review System.This shift positions you as a strategic wealth advisor instead of a desperate salesperson.I break down exactly how to structure the Annual Review call to add real value, even when home prices are flat, and why this is the single most powerful asset to stabilize your income in the shifting 2026 market.TIMESTAMPS 0:00 - The Problem with "Just Checking In" 1:03 - Why Paid Leads are Renting vs. Owning 5:22 - The Real Reason Most Sphere Systems Fail 8:01 - The Shift: Advisor vs. Salesperson 10:24 - The Annual Review System (Step-by-Step) 11:10 - How to Lead When Prices Are Flat 12:09 - Connecting Your Sphere to Listing LaunchesJOIN THE REAL ESTATE AGENT PLAYBOOK Ready to build a scalable business without the burnout? https://bit.ly/3Neh4hu#RealEstateSphere #RealEstateSystems #JeremyKane #RealEstateCoaching #RealEstate2026

In this solo episode, Darin breaks down one of the most misunderstood drivers of behavior change: environment. We've been taught that success comes down to discipline, motivation, and willpower, but neuroscience tells a very different story. Darin explains how modern environments hijack the brain's reward system, override conscious choice, and quietly shape habits before we even realize it. This episode is a practical, science-backed roadmap for redesigning your surroundings so healthy behaviors become automatic and self-sabotaging patterns lose their grip.     What You'll Learn Why willpower is a weak and unreliable backup system How your environment shapes behavior before conscious choice The neuroscience behind cues, habits, and automatic behavior Why modern food and tech are engineered to hijack dopamine How stress amplifies cravings and impulsive behavior The link between cortisol, dopamine, and habit formation Why changing your environment works better than "trying harder" How visual cues influence food choices and cravings Why phones, notifications, and color overstimulate the brain Simple ways to design a SuperLife environment that supports your goals     Chapters 00:00:03 – Welcome to SuperLife and the mission of sovereignty 00:00:33 – Sponsor: TruNiagen NAD⁺ supplements and why verification matters 00:02:18 – Introducing today's topic: environment vs willpower 00:02:42 – Why willpower has been misunderstood 00:03:18 – Willpower as a weak backup system 00:03:32 – How surroundings shape habits automatically 00:03:53 – The neuroscience of behavior change 00:04:01 – Dopamine hijacking in modern life 00:04:14 – Designing environments that make good habits automatic 00:05:06 – Why this topic matters more than ever 00:05:46 – External cues and automatic brain responses 00:06:18 – Hippocampus, basal ganglia, and habit loops 00:06:55 – Nudge theory and environmental design 00:07:31 – Why willpower shouldn't lead behavior change 00:07:55 – Food cues, stress, and cravings 00:08:20 – Phones, notifications, and dopamine overload 00:09:05 – Reward prediction and cue-driven behavior 00:10:02 – Redesigning environments to reduce addiction 00:10:34 – Stress hormones and habit reinforcement 00:11:30 – Sponsor: Our Place non-toxic cookware 00:13:34 – Stress, scrolling, and lost time 00:14:26 – Junk food, stress, and compulsive eating 00:15:12 – How environmental cues shift food desire 00:15:28 – Engineered foods and reward circuits 00:16:09 – Tech cues, stress, and attention hijacking 00:17:06 – Practical solutions: designing a SuperLife environment 00:17:48 – Kitchen setup and visual food cues 00:18:41 – Workspace design and single-purpose zones 00:19:08 – Reducing digital dopamine triggers 00:19:32 – Using grayscale mode on your phone 00:20:32 – Social environment and behavior modeling 00:21:21 – Community, support, and the SuperLife Patreon 00:22:18 – Bringing nature into your home 00:23:19 – Environment influences habits more than willpower 00:23:52 – Why inaction keeps you stuck 00:24:13 – Changing your environment to change your life 00:24:26 – Closing thoughts and call to action     Thank You to Our Sponsors: Our Place: Non-toxic cookware that keeps harmful chemicals out of your food. Get 10% off at fromourplace.com with code DARIN. Tru Niagen: Boost NAD+ levels for cellular health and longevity. Get 20% off with code DARIN20 at truniagen.com.     Find More From Darin: Website: darinolien.com Instagram: @darinolien Book: Fatal Conveniences     Key Takeaway If you don't change your environment, something else will keep making choices for you.     Bibliography/Sources Clear, J. (2018). Atomic habits: An easy & proven way to build good habits & break bad ones. Avery. (Reference for Environment > Willpower). https://jamesclear.com/atomic-habits Laran, J., & Salerno, A. (2013). Life-history strategy, food choice, and caloric consumption. Psychological Science, 24(2), 167–173. (Reference for harsh environment cues increasing desire for energy-dense foods). https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612450031 Mullainathan, S., & Shafir, E. (2013). Scarcity: Why having so little means so much. Times Books. (Reference for scarcity/environment hijacking cognitive bandwidth). https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780805092646 Schwabe, L., & Wolf, O. T. (2011). Stress-induced modulation of instrumental behavior: From goal-directed to habitual control of action. Behavioral Neuroscience, 125(5), 664–673. (Reference for stress hormones amplifying habit/cue-reward learning). https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024732 Story, M., Kaphingst, K. M., Robinson-O'Brien, R., & Glanz, K. (2008). Creating healthy food and eating environments: Policy and environmental approaches. Annual Review of Public Health, 29, 253–272. (Reference for the "ecological framework" of eating behavior). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090926 Subramaniam, A. (2025). How your environment shapes your habits. Psychology Today. (Reference for the specific Psychology Today article on external cues). https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/parenting-from-a-neuroscience-perspective/202503/how-your-environment-shapes-your-habits Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. Yale University Press. (Reference for Nudge Theory). https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300122237/nudge Ulrich, R. S., Simons, R. F., Losito, B. D., Fiorito, E., Miles, M. A., & Zelson, M. (1991). Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 11(3), 201–230. (Reference for nature exposure reducing stress markers). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(05)80184-7 Wansink, B. (2004). Environmental factors that increase the food intake and consumption volume of unknowing consumers. Annual Review of Nutrition, 24, 455–479. (Reference for visual cues and food environment engineering). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.24.010403.103025  

Welcome to the Social-Engineer Podcast: The Doctor Is In Series – where we will discuss understandings and developments in the field of psychology.   In today's episode, Chris and Dr. Abbie explore psychopathy, focusing on its clinical definition and common misconceptions. They discuss how the term is often misapplied to various behaviors, stressing the importance of understanding its roots in empathy and fear. By highlighting the need for accurate knowledge, they aim to prevent stigmatization and promote a deeper understanding of mental health. [Jan 5, 2026]     00:00 - Intro 00:24 - Dr. Abbie Maroño Intro 00:42 - Intro Links -          Social-Engineer.com - http://www.social-engineer.com/ -          Offensive Security Vishing Services - https://www.social-engineer.com/offensive-security/vishing/ -          Offensive Security SMiShing Services - https://www.social-engineer.com/offensive-security/smishing/ -          Offensive Security Phishing Services - https://www.social-engineer.com/offensive-security/smishing/ -          Call Back Phishing - https://www.social-engineer.com/offensive-security/call-back-phishing/ -          Adversarial Simulation Services - https://www.social-engineer.com/offensive-security/adversarial-simulation/ -          Social Engineering Risk Assessments - https://www.social-engineer.com/offensive-security/social-engineering-risk-assessment/ -          Social-Engineer channel on SLACK - https://social-engineering-hq.slack.com/ssb -          CLUTCH - http://www.pro-rock.com/ -          innocentlivesfoundation.org - http://www.innocentlivesfoundation.org/                 03:47 - The Topic of the Day: Psychopathy 04:28 - A Proper Definition 06:13 - Key Indicators 07:46 - Lack of Empathy 09:36 - The Influence of Social Media 11:51 - Evil ≠ Psychopathy 12:40 - Environment Matters 14:17 - Size Matters 16:02 - MasterClass Ad 17:28 - Work Advantage 18:46 - Gender Differences 20:54 - Big Red Flag! 26:00 - Teaching Emotional Regulation 27:27 - Label Hoarding 32:33 - It's Not Exclusive 36:04 - Wrap Up 36:58 - Next Month's Topic: Imposter Syndrome 37:23 - Outro -          www.social-engineer.com -          www.innocentlivesfoundation.org   Find us online: -          LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/dr-abbie-maroño-phd -          Instagram: @DoctorAbbieofficial -          LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/christopherhadnagy     References: Blair, R. J. R. (2007). The amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in morality and psychopathy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(9), 387–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2007.07.003   Blair, R. J. R. (2013). The neurobiology of psychopathic traits in youths. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 14(11), 786–799. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3577   Frick, P. J., & White, S. F. (2008). Research review: The importance of callous-unemotional traits for developmental models of aggressive and antisocial behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 359–375. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01862.x   Glenn, A. L., & Raine, A. (2014). Neurocriminology: Implications for the punishment, prediction and prevention of criminal behaviour. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 15(1), 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3640   Hare, R. D. (2003). Manual for the Hare Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (2nd ed.). Toronto, ON: Multi-Health Systems. Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2008). Psychopathy as a clinical and empirical construct. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 4, 217–246. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091452   Patrick, C. J. (Ed.). (2018). Handbook of psychopathy (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. Pemment, J. (2013). Psychopathy versus sociopathy: Why the distinction has become crucial. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18(5), 458–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2013.07.001   Severson, H., & Lynam, D. R. (2020). Psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder: Distinctions and implications for treatment. Current Opinion in Psychology, 37, 27–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.07.006   Skeem, J. L., Polaschek, D. L. L., Patrick, C. J., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2011). Psychopathic personality: Bridging the gap between scientific evidence and public policy. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 12(3), 95–162. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100611426706   Viding, E., Blair, R. J. R., Moffitt, T. E., & Plomin, R. (2005). Evidence for substantial genetic risk for psychopathy in 7-year-olds. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(6), 592–597. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00393.x   Walsh, Z., & Kosson, D. S. (2008). Psychopathy and violent crime: A prospective study of the influence of psychopathic traits on violence among offenders. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 15(2), 181–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218710802014489

In this solo episode of The SuperLife Podcast, Darin Olien dives deep into the true biology of energy—not motivation, not stimulants, not willpower, but the mitochondria themselves. Inspired by a groundbreaking conversation between Dr. Andrew Huberman and Dr. Martin Picard, Darin reframes energy as an emergent property of how we live, not just what we eat or how much we sleep. This episode explores how mitochondria act as signal translators, listening to your food, stress, sleep, movement, emotions, purpose, and environment—and turning those signals into either vitality or depletion. Darin connects cutting-edge mitochondrial science with real-world practices around recovery, meaningful stress, consistency, connection, and alignment, showing how true longevity and resilience are built at the cellular level.     What You'll Learn in This Episode 00:00  – Welcome to SuperLife & the mission of sovereignty and vitality 00:32 – Thera Sage sponsor: family-built healing tech & red light 02:10 – Why this episode is different: diving into cellular energy 02:42 – Inspiration from Huberman & Picard's mitochondria conversation 03:11 – Rethinking mitochondria: not just ATP, but information processors 04:03 – Energy as potential for change, not calories or fuel 04:39 – How thoughts, emotions, food, and stress shape energy 05:05 – Energy is dynamic, adaptive, and responsive to how you live 06:02 – Mitochondria as signal integrators: sleep, hormones, purpose, connection 06:50 – Mitochondria as antennas, not factories 07:16 – Translating life experience into biological energy 08:09 – Why we don't feel "energy," we feel energy flow 08:53 – Flow states, purpose, and why passion creates vitality 09:32 – Different organs, different mitochondrial roles 10:26 – Why energy optimization is not one-size-fits-all 10:49 – Energy resistance: the hidden cause of fatigue and burnout 11:47 – Chronic stress, poor sleep, and ultra-processed food as energy blockers 12:12 – Why recovery is non-negotiable for longevity 12:20 – Caldera Lab sponsor: clean, performance-driven skincare 14:20 – The danger of constant output without recovery 14:45 – Sleep as a mitochondrial reset and repair system 15:40 – Exercise, adaptation, and why recovery completes the signal 16:22 – Intentional stress vs. chronic stress 17:29 – Food as information, not just fuel 18:05 – Time-restricted eating, fresh food, and metabolic signaling 18:27 – Meaning, purpose, and emotional states as cellular inputs 19:23 – Mitochondria, aging, and the potential reversibility of decline 20:06 – SuperLife framework: alignment over optimization 20:37 – Consistency beats intensity at the cellular level 21:19 – Stable rhythms: sleep, nourishment, hydration, movement 21:45 – Stillness, meditation, and parasympathetic repair 22:35 – Growth requires both resistance and recovery 24:44 – Connection, community, and loneliness as biological signals 25:27 – Eliminating fatal conveniences to restore vitality 26:02 – Your mitochondria are listening—change the signals 26:21 – Honoring Huberman & Picard's contribution to human health 27:12 – Energy flow as the foundation of a SuperLife 28:11 – Closing reflections and invitation to apply this work     Thank You to Our Sponsors Therasage: Go to www.therasage.com and use code DARIN at checkout for 15% off Caldera Lab: Experience the clinically proven benefits of Caldera Lab's clean skincare regimen and enjoy 20% off your order by visiting calderalab.com/darin and using code DARIN at checkout.     Join the SuperLife Community Get Darin's deeper wellness breakdowns — beyond social media restrictions: Weekly voice notes Ingredient deep dives Wellness challenges Energy + consciousness tools Community accountability Extended episodes Join for $7.49/month → https://patreon.com/darinolien     Find More from Darin Olien: Instagram: @darinolien Podcast: SuperLife Podcast Website: superlife.com Book: Fatal Conveniences     Key Takeaway "Your mitochondria are not broken. They are responding perfectly to the signals you give them. Change the signals, and your energy, resilience, and life will follow."     Bibliography & Sources Here is the bibliography based on the sources referenced in the document, formatted with direct links to the scientific papers, books, and the podcast episode. Primary Source Material Huberman, A. (Host). (2025, December 15). Improve Energy & Longevity by Optimizing Mitochondria with Dr. Martin Picard [Audio/Video podcast]. Huberman Lab. Link to Episode Picard Lab. Mitochondrial Psychobiology Group. Columbia University Irving Medical Center. Link to Lab Website Key Scientific Literature & Books Hood, D. A., Memme, J. M., Oliveira, A. N., & Triolo, M. (2019). Exercise and Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Physiological Reviews, 99(1), 669–715. Read Study Lane, N. (2015). The Vital Question: Energy, Evolution, and the Origins of Complex Life. W.W. Norton & Company. Book Link López-Otín, C., Blasco, M. A., Partridge, L., Serrano, M., & Kroemer, G. (2013). The Hallmarks of Aging. Cell, 153(6), 1194–1217. Read Study Mattson, M. P., Moehl, K., Ghena, N., Schmaedick, M., & Cheng, A. (2018). Intermittent Metabolic Switching, Neuroplasticity and Brain Health. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 19, 63–80. Read Study Picard, M., & McEwen, B. S. (2018). Psychological Stress and Mitochondria: A Systematic Review. Psychosomatic Medicine, 80(2), 126–140. Read Study Picard, M., & Shirihai, O. S. (2022). Mitochondrial Psychobiology: Foundations and Applications. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 43, 102–110. Read Study Speakman, J. R., & Selman, C. (2011). The Free-Radical Damage Theory: Accumulating Evidence Against a Simple Link. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 26(1), 33–39. Read Study Wallace, D. C. (2015). Mitochondria and Cancer. Nature Reviews Cancer, 12, 685–698. (Note: Often referenced alongside his Annual Review of Genetics work on aging). Read Study

Silicon Bites Ep277 | 2025-12-20 | “Russia's Army Is Exhausted” — we examine some major articles that have come out that claim the Russian army is reaching a significant point of degradation in morale, cohesion and effectiveness. We unpack what that claim means, what the evidence is, and what it changes.----------Silicon Curtain is a part of the Christmas Tree Trucks 2025 campaign - an ambitious fundraiser led by a group of our wonderful team of information warriors raising 110,000 EUR for the Ukrainian army. https://car4ukraine.com/campaigns/christmas-tree-trucks-2025-silicon-curtainThe Goal of the Campaign for the Silicon Curtain community:- 1 armoured battle-ready pickupWe are sourcing all vehicles around 2010-2017 or newer, mainly Toyota Hilux or Mitsubishi L200, with low mileage and fully serviced. These are some of the greatest and the most reliable pickups possible to be on the frontline in Ukraine. Who will receive the vehicles?https://car4ukraine.com/campaigns/christmas-tree-trucks-2025-silicon-curtain- The 38th Marine Brigade, who alone held Krynki for 124 days, receiving the Military Cross of Honour.- The 1027th Anti-aircraft and artillery regiment. Honoured by NATO as Defender of the Year 2024 and recipient of the Military Cross of Honour.- 104th Separate Brigade, Infantry, who alone held Kherson for 100 days, establishing conditions for the liberation of the city.- 93rd Brigade "Kholodnyi Yar", Black Raven Unmanned Systems Battalion ----------SOURCES:Euromaidan Press (Opinion) — Liubov Tsybulska, “I've monitored Russian soldiers for 3.5 years. The system is finally cracking” (Dec 14, 2025) - https://euromaidanpress.com/2025/12/14/ive-monitored-russian-soldiers-for-3-5-years-the-system-is-finally-cracking/Euromaidan Press — “ISW: Russia's army can't sustain multi-pronged offensives due to manpower and equipment strain” (Dec 15, 2025) - https://euromaidanpress.com/2025/12/15/isw-russias-army-cant-sustain-multi-pronged-offensives-due-to-manpower-and-equipment-strain/Reuters — “Ukraine says it controls 90% of Kupiansk, Russia denies it” (Dec 17, 2025) - https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-says-it-controls-90-kupiansk-russia-denies-it-2025-12-17/Associated Press — Putin annual news conference recap (Dec 19, 2025) - https://apnews.com/article/39fd3f2670227545a6f9e684038ed59dThe Guardian — Frontline drone crews report (Dec 17, 2025) - https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/dec/17/east-of-zaporizhzhia-ukraines-drone-crews-face-endless-battle-to-hold-the-lineBusiness Insider — “10 Highlights From Russia's Annual Review of the Ukraine War” (Dec 2025) - https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-annual-review-ukraine-war-putin-highlights-drone-defense-10-2025-12RFE/RL — “Why Are Russian Regions Cutting Signing Bonuses For Volunteers?” (Oct 27, 2025) - https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-recruitment-soldiers-ukraine-war-personnel-bonuses/33572319.htmlRUSI — “Russia is Losing – Time for Putin's 2026 Hybrid Escalation” (2025) - https://my.rusi.org/resource/russia-is-losing-time-for-putins-2026-hybrid-escalation.htmlWall Street Journal — Putin remarks / war aims (Dec 17, 2025) - https://www.wsj.com/world/russia/putin-warns-he-will-achieve-aims-in-ukraine-through-negotiation-or-war-382d5d56Washington Post (Opinion) — narrative critique re: battlefield realities (Dec 17, 2025) - https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2025/12/17/russia-ukraine-battlefield-losses-stalemate/POLITICO (User-specified; not accessible to my web tool due to site restrictions, so not quoted directly) - https://www.politico.com/news/2025/12/05/russia-planned-war-of-attrition-00672960----------

In today's episode, we dig into one of the most powerful (and most misunderstood) features of the human brain: your built in negativity bias. You'll learn:why your brain holds onto negative experienceswhy “reality” is filtered, not objectivehow the Reticular Activating System (RAS) decides what you noticeand how mountain biking is a surprisingly effective tool for retraining your attentionIf you've ever wondered why one bad ride, one mistake, or one negative comment sticks in your mind far longer than all the good stuff combined, this episode will finally help you make sense of it and CHANGE it! You'll learn practical, science-backed tools to start training your attention today (on the trail and in daily life) so your brain becomes better at noticing possibilities, capabilities, and micro-wins instead of dangers and mistakes to build a more supportive inner environment.We explore:Baumeister et al., “Bad Is Stronger Than Good”the fast subcortical threat pathway that triggers your amygdala before you can thinkwhy positive moments fade unless you consciously reinforce themhow attention literally rewires your neural pathway Hebbian learningand why your RAS acts like a “bouncer,” filtering your world based on what you engage with✨ Patreon Bonus: Patrons get a free downloadable cheat sheet that summarizes all tools and concepts from today's episode.Join here to get it PLUS other exclusive perks: https://www.patreon.com/c/rideandinspire This episode is not sponsored. It's made possible by the lovely humans who support my work on Patreon. If you want to help me keep creating science-based, real-talk MTB content, JOIN my Patreon, thank you.

Annie Croner is the founder and CEO of Whole Assistant, an online platform & community, formed to provide a positive place where assistants can go to transform their lives and level up their careers.In this spotlight episode of Annie's show, The Whole Assistant Podcast, she shares tips on how to have a stellar annual review.Show Notes -> leaderassistant.com/354--In-person meeting planning can be a lot to manage. That's where TROOP Planner comes in. TROOP Planner is built to make life easier for busy assistants like yourself. Whether you're organizing an executive offsite, department meeting, or team retreat, TROOP keeps it simple, fast, and organized.Visit leaderassistant.com/troop to learn more! --Eliminate manual scheduling with YouCanBookMe by Capacity's booking links, automated reminders, and meeting polls. Sign up for a FREE trial -> leaderassistant.com/calendar.More from The Leader Assistant... Book, Audiobook, and Workbook -> leaderassistantbook.com The Leader Assistant Academy -> leaderassistantbook.com/academy Premium Membership -> leaderassistant.com/membership Events -> leaderassistantlive.com Free Community -> leaderassistant.com/community

What happens when you realize the way you've been working isn't sustainable? When you've built something successful but it's costing you sleep, peace of mind, and the very things you set out to protect? In this solo episode, host Alyson Stanfield gets really vulnerable with a question most artists face at some point: Who am I if I change the way I've always done things? It's about the pressure to maintain what you've always done because that's what you identify with, the FOMO that makes you say yes when your gut says no, and the overwhelm that comes from adding more and more to your plate. Artists don't need more information—they need containers to organize it, filters to prioritize it, and boundaries to protect themselves from overwhelm. You'll hear about identity shifts, the power of asking "where can I lower the bar?" and what it looks like to evolve from consuming content to building frameworks that actually support your business.

host: Alyson Stanfield Alicia Bailey and Melinda Laz are part of a four-artist collaborative group in Denver that's been working together for years because it's made them better artists. In this conversation, they share the practical realities of collaboration: the systems that keep things organized, the communication that prevents problems, and the trust that makes it all possible. If you've ever wondered whether working with other artists is worth the effort, this episode will show you what's possible when you get it right.