Podcasts about elucidating

BRCA revision mutations may explain some of the limited benefit seen in long-term follow-up studies with PARP inhibitors. Bibliography: 1: BRCA reversion mutations predict resistance. https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-18-0715 2: SOLO3 Final OS Data. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.24.00933 3: Elucidating acquired PARP inhibitor resistance in advanced prostate cancer. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2024.10.015

Merriam-Webster's Word of the Day for March 29, 2025 is: elucidate • ih-LOO-suh-dayt • verb To elucidate something is to make it clear or easy to understand. // The writer elucidates complex medical findings for a general audience. See the entry > Examples: “Building flexible classrooms gives the building a lifespan beyond one class or even one era of pedagogy, which, as [Lee] Fertig elucidates, are sure to evolve.” — Maya Chawla, Architectural Digest, 25 Sep. 2024 Did you know? In 1974, the discovery of a remarkably intact Australopithecus skeleton elucidated a key moment in human evolution. She was famously nicknamed Lucy in reference to the Beatles' “Lucy in the Sky With Diamonds,” but we'd still love Lucy were it simply an homage to the light she shed. You see, the Latin luc- or lux puts the “light” in many English utterances (including the name Lucy). Take, for instance, lucent (“glowing with light”), luculent (“clear in thought or expression”), luciferous (“bringing light or insight”), lucid (“clear, sane, intelligible”), and elucidate (“to make clear or understandable”). Those last two words come from the Latin lucidus, which literally translates to “lucid.” Lucidus, in turn, comes from the verb lucēre, meaning “to shine.” Elucidating, therefore, can be thought of as the figurative equivalent of shining a light on something to make it easier to see.

Stepan Bandera: The Life and Afterlife of a Ukrainian Nationalist (Ibidem Verlag, 2014) is the first comprehensive and scholarly biography of the Ukrainian far-right leader Stepan Bandera and the first in-depth study of his political cult. In this fascinating book, Grzegorz Rossolinski-Liebe illuminates the life of a mythologized personality and scrutinizes the history of the most violent twentieth-century Ukrainian nationalist movement: the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and its Ukrainian Insurgent Army. Elucidating the circumstances in which Bandera and his movement emerged and functioned, Rossolinski-Liebe explains how fascism and racism impacted on Ukrainian revolutionary and genocidal nationalism. The book shows why Bandera and his followers failed--despite their ideological similarity to the Croatian Ustasa and the Slovak Hlinka Party--to establish a collaborationist state under the auspices of Nazi Germany and examines the involvement of the Ukrainian nationalists in the Holocaust and other atrocities during and after the Second World War. The author brings to light some of the darkest elements of modern Ukrainian history and demonstrates its complexity, paying special attention to the Soviet terror in Ukraine and the entanglement between Ukrainian, Jewish, Polish, Russian, German, and Soviet history. The monograph also charts the creation and growth of the Bandera cult before the Second World War, its vivid revivals during the Cold War among the Ukrainian diaspora, and in Bandera's native eastern Galicia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

Stepan Bandera: The Life and Afterlife of a Ukrainian Nationalist (Ibidem Verlag, 2014) is the first comprehensive and scholarly biography of the Ukrainian far-right leader Stepan Bandera and the first in-depth study of his political cult. In this fascinating book, Grzegorz Rossolinski-Liebe illuminates the life of a mythologized personality and scrutinizes the history of the most violent twentieth-century Ukrainian nationalist movement: the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and its Ukrainian Insurgent Army. Elucidating the circumstances in which Bandera and his movement emerged and functioned, Rossolinski-Liebe explains how fascism and racism impacted on Ukrainian revolutionary and genocidal nationalism. The book shows why Bandera and his followers failed--despite their ideological similarity to the Croatian Ustasa and the Slovak Hlinka Party--to establish a collaborationist state under the auspices of Nazi Germany and examines the involvement of the Ukrainian nationalists in the Holocaust and other atrocities during and after the Second World War. The author brings to light some of the darkest elements of modern Ukrainian history and demonstrates its complexity, paying special attention to the Soviet terror in Ukraine and the entanglement between Ukrainian, Jewish, Polish, Russian, German, and Soviet history. The monograph also charts the creation and growth of the Bandera cult before the Second World War, its vivid revivals during the Cold War among the Ukrainian diaspora, and in Bandera's native eastern Galicia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Stepan Bandera: The Life and Afterlife of a Ukrainian Nationalist (Ibidem Verlag, 2014) is the first comprehensive and scholarly biography of the Ukrainian far-right leader Stepan Bandera and the first in-depth study of his political cult. In this fascinating book, Grzegorz Rossolinski-Liebe illuminates the life of a mythologized personality and scrutinizes the history of the most violent twentieth-century Ukrainian nationalist movement: the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and its Ukrainian Insurgent Army. Elucidating the circumstances in which Bandera and his movement emerged and functioned, Rossolinski-Liebe explains how fascism and racism impacted on Ukrainian revolutionary and genocidal nationalism. The book shows why Bandera and his followers failed--despite their ideological similarity to the Croatian Ustasa and the Slovak Hlinka Party--to establish a collaborationist state under the auspices of Nazi Germany and examines the involvement of the Ukrainian nationalists in the Holocaust and other atrocities during and after the Second World War. The author brings to light some of the darkest elements of modern Ukrainian history and demonstrates its complexity, paying special attention to the Soviet terror in Ukraine and the entanglement between Ukrainian, Jewish, Polish, Russian, German, and Soviet history. The monograph also charts the creation and growth of the Bandera cult before the Second World War, its vivid revivals during the Cold War among the Ukrainian diaspora, and in Bandera's native eastern Galicia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/biography

Stepan Bandera: The Life and Afterlife of a Ukrainian Nationalist (Ibidem Verlag, 2014) is the first comprehensive and scholarly biography of the Ukrainian far-right leader Stepan Bandera and the first in-depth study of his political cult. In this fascinating book, Grzegorz Rossolinski-Liebe illuminates the life of a mythologized personality and scrutinizes the history of the most violent twentieth-century Ukrainian nationalist movement: the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and its Ukrainian Insurgent Army. Elucidating the circumstances in which Bandera and his movement emerged and functioned, Rossolinski-Liebe explains how fascism and racism impacted on Ukrainian revolutionary and genocidal nationalism. The book shows why Bandera and his followers failed--despite their ideological similarity to the Croatian Ustasa and the Slovak Hlinka Party--to establish a collaborationist state under the auspices of Nazi Germany and examines the involvement of the Ukrainian nationalists in the Holocaust and other atrocities during and after the Second World War. The author brings to light some of the darkest elements of modern Ukrainian history and demonstrates its complexity, paying special attention to the Soviet terror in Ukraine and the entanglement between Ukrainian, Jewish, Polish, Russian, German, and Soviet history. The monograph also charts the creation and growth of the Bandera cult before the Second World War, its vivid revivals during the Cold War among the Ukrainian diaspora, and in Bandera's native eastern Galicia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/genocide-studies

Stepan Bandera: The Life and Afterlife of a Ukrainian Nationalist (Ibidem Verlag, 2014) is the first comprehensive and scholarly biography of the Ukrainian far-right leader Stepan Bandera and the first in-depth study of his political cult. In this fascinating book, Grzegorz Rossolinski-Liebe illuminates the life of a mythologized personality and scrutinizes the history of the most violent twentieth-century Ukrainian nationalist movement: the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and its Ukrainian Insurgent Army. Elucidating the circumstances in which Bandera and his movement emerged and functioned, Rossolinski-Liebe explains how fascism and racism impacted on Ukrainian revolutionary and genocidal nationalism. The book shows why Bandera and his followers failed--despite their ideological similarity to the Croatian Ustasa and the Slovak Hlinka Party--to establish a collaborationist state under the auspices of Nazi Germany and examines the involvement of the Ukrainian nationalists in the Holocaust and other atrocities during and after the Second World War. The author brings to light some of the darkest elements of modern Ukrainian history and demonstrates its complexity, paying special attention to the Soviet terror in Ukraine and the entanglement between Ukrainian, Jewish, Polish, Russian, German, and Soviet history. The monograph also charts the creation and growth of the Bandera cult before the Second World War, its vivid revivals during the Cold War among the Ukrainian diaspora, and in Bandera's native eastern Galicia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/russian-studies

Stepan Bandera: The Life and Afterlife of a Ukrainian Nationalist (Ibidem Verlag, 2014) is the first comprehensive and scholarly biography of the Ukrainian far-right leader Stepan Bandera and the first in-depth study of his political cult. In this fascinating book, Grzegorz Rossolinski-Liebe illuminates the life of a mythologized personality and scrutinizes the history of the most violent twentieth-century Ukrainian nationalist movement: the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and its Ukrainian Insurgent Army. Elucidating the circumstances in which Bandera and his movement emerged and functioned, Rossolinski-Liebe explains how fascism and racism impacted on Ukrainian revolutionary and genocidal nationalism. The book shows why Bandera and his followers failed--despite their ideological similarity to the Croatian Ustasa and the Slovak Hlinka Party--to establish a collaborationist state under the auspices of Nazi Germany and examines the involvement of the Ukrainian nationalists in the Holocaust and other atrocities during and after the Second World War. The author brings to light some of the darkest elements of modern Ukrainian history and demonstrates its complexity, paying special attention to the Soviet terror in Ukraine and the entanglement between Ukrainian, Jewish, Polish, Russian, German, and Soviet history. The monograph also charts the creation and growth of the Bandera cult before the Second World War, its vivid revivals during the Cold War among the Ukrainian diaspora, and in Bandera's native eastern Galicia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/eastern-european-studies

Stepan Bandera: The Life and Afterlife of a Ukrainian Nationalist (Ibidem Verlag, 2014) is the first comprehensive and scholarly biography of the Ukrainian far-right leader Stepan Bandera and the first in-depth study of his political cult. In this fascinating book, Grzegorz Rossolinski-Liebe illuminates the life of a mythologized personality and scrutinizes the history of the most violent twentieth-century Ukrainian nationalist movement: the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and its Ukrainian Insurgent Army. Elucidating the circumstances in which Bandera and his movement emerged and functioned, Rossolinski-Liebe explains how fascism and racism impacted on Ukrainian revolutionary and genocidal nationalism. The book shows why Bandera and his followers failed--despite their ideological similarity to the Croatian Ustasa and the Slovak Hlinka Party--to establish a collaborationist state under the auspices of Nazi Germany and examines the involvement of the Ukrainian nationalists in the Holocaust and other atrocities during and after the Second World War. The author brings to light some of the darkest elements of modern Ukrainian history and demonstrates its complexity, paying special attention to the Soviet terror in Ukraine and the entanglement between Ukrainian, Jewish, Polish, Russian, German, and Soviet history. The monograph also charts the creation and growth of the Bandera cult before the Second World War, its vivid revivals during the Cold War among the Ukrainian diaspora, and in Bandera's native eastern Galicia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In episode thirteen, PeDRA Pub Club host Hannah Chang, and guest panelists, Kalyani Marathe, MD, Cristy Garza-Mayers, MD, PhD, and Allison Miller, MD discuss a recent PeDRA publication, Elucidating Disparities in Sunscreen Coverage Among State Medicaid Preferred Drug Lists published in Pediatric Dermatology in 2024. Whether you're a longtime pediatric dermatologist, currently in training, or a patient or advocate who wants to learn more about the latest research in pediatric dermatology, this podcast is for you. Through a structured roundtable discussion, listeners will gain valuable insight into publications relating to pediatric dermatology and understand what this research means for both patients and providers.

Fan Yang, PhD is an Associate Professor at Stanford University with joint appointments in the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering joins OsteoBites to discuss her work on tissue engineering strategies for elucidating OS biology and drug discovery.Fan Yang, PhD is the founder and Director of Stanford Stem Cells and Biomaterials Engineering Laboratory, and also Co-director of Stanford NIH Biotechnology Training Program. Her research seeks to develop hydrogels with unique micro- and nano- scale properties to promote stem cell differentiation, tissue regeneration and immunomodulation, with a focus on musculoskeletal diseases. Her lab also harnesses biomaterials to create 3D cancer models with in vivo-mimicking phenotype and drug responses. Such 3D models could enable discovering novel druggable targets that would otherwise be missed using conventional 2D culture, and enable high-throughput drug screening with reduced cost and time than animal models. Prior to joining Stanford, Dr. Yang received her Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering from Johns Hopkins University, and then completed a postdoctoral fellowship at MIT under Prof. Robert Langer. In recognition of her innovation, she has been recognized by numerous awards including Fellow of American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, MIT TR35 Global list honoree, National Science Foundation CAREER award, Young Investigator Award from Society for Biomaterials, Biomaterials Science Lectureship Award, Young Investigator award from Alliance for Cancer and Gene Therapy, Ellen Weaver Award by the Association for Women in Science, Baxter Faculty Scholar Award, the McCormick Faculty Award, Stanford Asian American Faculty Award, and the Basil O'Connor Starter Scholar Research Award, etc.

1 Corinthians 1:4-9 Paul's Elucidating Prayer Of Thanksgiving (01/07/2024) by Mission Fellowship

In this reflective video, we explore the biblical account of Joseph's struggle in dealing with Mary's miraculous pregnancy, as documented in the book of Matthew. Elucidating on Joseph's position as a just man, the video draws parallels between Joseph and other 'just men' of the scripture. We ponder on the dilemmas faced by Joseph due to his love for Mary, and his determination to protect her from public disgrace or potential stoning as prescribed in Deuteronomy. With meditation and dreaming, he receives a sign from God, providing comfort and understanding. The ultimate message is one of trusting in God's Plan. The video concludes with a heartfelt prayer, an invitation to receive Christ in one's heart, and a call to viewers to share this devotion with friends. 00:00 Introduction and Opening Prayer 00:41 The Story of Jesus and the Reason for Christmas 00:47 Joseph's Dilemma and God's Plan 01:42 The Consequences of Public Disgrace in Biblical Times 03:00 The Virtue of Being a Just Man 06:58 Joseph's Pondering and Divine Intervention 07:47 The Angel's Message to Joseph 09:13 Closing Prayer and Christmas Blessings 10:19 Farewell and Encouragement to Share the Devotion --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/gnbc/message

December 11, 2023   In this episode Dr. Joan L. Bottorff, Editor-in-chief of Global Qualitative Nursing Research, speaks with Dr. Heeyeon Son to discuss her lead-authored GQNR publication, "Family communication about cancer in Korea: A dyadic analysis of Parent-adolescent conversation." This article can be found here. 

Mutations in the LRRK2 gene were first linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) risk in 2004. Since then, researchers from around the world have advanced our understanding of the mechanisms through which LRRK2 may contribute to PD, leading to the development of three potential LRRK2-targeted therapies that are now being evaluated in clinical trials. Along with colleagues and collaborators, Dr. Dario Alessi has pioneered new research and approaches that have aided in the development of drugs to inhibit LRRK2 and potentially treat people with Parkinson's disease. In this episode Dario discusses his work developing the LRRK2 kinase assay, LRRK2 Ser935 dephosphorylation assay, and Rab phosphorylation assay, as well as future directions and opportunities in the field. This year, Dario received the 2023 Robert A. Pritzker Prize for Leadership in Parkinson's Research for his substantial research contribution and his commitment to mentoring the next generation of Parkinson's scientists. Dario is the Professor of Signal Transduction and Science Director of the Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit at the University of Dundee.This podcast is geared toward researchers and clinicians. If you live with Parkinson's or have a friend or family member with PD, listen to The Michael J. Fox Foundation Parkinson's Podcast. Hear from scientists, doctors and people with Parkinson's on different aspects of life with the disease as well as research toward treatment breakthroughs at https://www.michaeljfox.org/podcasts.

Mutations in the LRRK2 gene were first linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) risk in 2004. Since then, researchers from around the world have advanced our understanding of the mechanisms through which LRRK2 may contribute to PD, leading to the development of three potential LRRK2-targeted therapies that are now being evaluated in clinical trials. Along with colleagues and collaborators, Dr. Dario Alessi has pioneered new research and approaches that have aided in the development of drugs to inhibit LRRK2 and potentially treat people with Parkinson's disease. In this episode Dario discusses his work developing the LRRK2 kinase assay, LRRK2 Ser935 dephosphorylation assay, and Rab phosphorylation assay, as well as future directions and opportunities in the field. This year, Dario received the 2023 Robert A. Pritzker Prize for Leadership in Parkinson's Research for his substantial research contribution and his commitment to mentoring the next generation of Parkinson's scientists. Dario is the Professor of Signal Transduction and Science Director of the Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit at the University of Dundee.This podcast is geared toward researchers and clinicians. If you live with Parkinson's or have a friend or family member with PD, listen to The Michael J. Fox Foundation Parkinson's Podcast. Hear from scientists, doctors and people with Parkinson's on different aspects of life with the disease as well as research toward treatment breakthroughs at https://www.michaeljfox.org/podcasts.

Guest: Nestor Lovera (Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne) Host and Producer: Maria Bach (Centre Walras-Pareto, University of Lausanne) In this episode, Maria interviews Nestor Lovera from the Université of Reims Champagne-Ardenne about his thesis and latest projects. For a summary of Nestor's thesis, click here. Check out Nestor's new podcast (in French) on the history of economic thought: https://l-heure-d-unepauseconomique.fr/

In this episode Dr. Joan L. Bottorff, Editor-in-chief of Global Qualitative Nursing Research, speaks with Dr. Paula Kelly to discuss her publication, "Elucidating the Ruling Relations of Nurses' Work in Labor and Delivery: An Institutional Ethnography " which was published in GQNR.

We have a new website where you can access everything about Global Health Unfiltered. You can listen to previous episodes of the show and share your perspectives and engage with other listeners. Just go to globalhealthunfiltered.comToday we will be talking about mental health in Africa, a topic that we've wanted to cover on the podcast for the longest time and we have an amazing guest with us.We are joined by Saphira Munthali-Mulemba. As a Mental Health practitioner, Saphira is a mental health practitioner with over 11 years of implementing mental health clinical trials in Zambia as a Project Manager with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg, Public Health team and Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia. Currently, she is part of the Social Science Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP), fellowship program as a social scientist. Saphira is affiliated with the Global Mental Health Action Network (GMHAN) and has a track record of impact as a Zambian therapist, mental health advocate, and mental health implementation manager. Saphira currently works with the Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia. 

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.31.549902v1?rss=1 Authors: Sinha, A. K., Lee, C., Rahman, S. M., Holt, J. C. Abstract: The peripheral vestibular system detects head position and movement through activation of vestibular hair cells (HCs) in vestibular end organs. HCs transmit this information to the CNS by way of primary vestibular afferent neurons. The CNS, in turn, modulates HCs and afferents via the efferent vestibular system (EVS) through activation of cholinergic signaling mechanisms. In mice, we previously demonstrated that activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), during EVS stimulation, gives rise to a slow excitation that takes seconds to peak and tens of seconds to decay back to baseline. This slow excitation is mimicked by muscarine and ablated by the non-selective mAChR blockers scopolamine, atropine, and glycopyrrolate. While five distinct mAChRs (M1-M5) exist, the subtype(s) driving EVS-mediated slow excitation remain unidentified and details on how these mAChRs alter vestibular function is not well understood. The objective of this study is to characterize which mAChR subtypes drive the EVS-mediated slow excitation, and how their activation impacts vestibular physiology and behavior. In C57Bl/6J mice, M3mAChR antagonists were more potent at blocking slow excitation than M1mAChR antagonists, while M2/M4 blockers were ineffective. While unchanged in M2/M4mAChR double KO mice, EVS-mediated slow excitation in M3 mAChR-KO animals were reduced or absent in irregular afferents but appearing unchanged in regular afferents. In agreement, vestibular sensory-evoked potentials, known to originate from irregular afferents, were much less enhanced by mAChR activation in M3mAChR-KO mice compared to controls. Finally, M3mAChR-KO mice display distinct behavioral phenotypes in open field activity, and thermal profiles, and balance beam and forced swim test. M3mAChRs mediate efferent-mediated slow excitation in irregular afferents, while M1mAChRs may drive the same process in regular afferents. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

In terms of post-Soviet memory politics, arguably no figure is more controversial than interwar Ukrainian nationalist Stepan Bandera. Since the Maidan uprising in 2014, his memory along with that of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army and Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists have been mobilized by both far right nationalists and the Ukrainian state - to varying degrees of success - to create a counter-memory to that of both the Soviet past and the current memory regime of the Russian Federation. This process has had a dual effect - simultaneously emboldening a nationalist memory politics through the sanitization and deification of World War II era nazi collaborators like Bandera, but also encouraged the nationalist-revanchist memory regime of the Russian Federation and it's pointed demonization of Ukrainian nationalism and Bandera specifically. This dynamic has shrouded the actual historical record of Bandera and Ukrainian nationalism in not only misconceptions , but given the political context has dis-encouraged critical engagement with the History itself. For this reason we welcome historian Grzegorz Rossolinksi Liebe on to Reimagining Soviet Georgia, author of the excellent Stepan Bandera: The Life and Afterlife of a Ukrainian Nationalist, Fascism, Genocide, and Cult to discuss Bandera, Ukrainian interrwar nationalism and memory politics in service of clarifying the history on its own terms. Book description below: The Life and Afterlife of a Ukrainian Nationalist is the first comprehensive and scholarly biography of the Ukrainian far-right leader Stepan Bandera and the first in-depth study of his political cult. In this fascinating book, Grzegorz Rossolinski-Liebe illuminates the life of a mythologized personality and scrutinizes the history of the most violent twentieth-century Ukrainian nationalist movement: the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and its Ukrainian Insurgent Army.Elucidating the circumstances in which Bandera and his movement emerged and functioned, Rossolinski-Liebe explains how fascism and racism impacted on Ukrainian revolutionary and genocidal nationalism. The book shows why Bandera and his followers failed—despite their ideological similarity to the Croatian Ustaša and the Slovak Hlinka Party—to establish a collaborationist state under the auspices of Nazi Germany and examines the involvement of the Ukrainian nationalists in the Holocaust and other atrocities during and after the Second World War. The author brings to light some of the darkest elements of modern Ukrainian history and demonstrates its complexity, paying special attention to the Soviet terror in Ukraine and the entanglement between Ukrainian, Jewish, Polish, Russian, German, and Soviet history. The monograph also charts the creation and growth of the Bandera cult before the Second World War, its vivid revivals during the Cold War among the Ukrainian diaspora, and in Bandera's native eastern Galicia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

The Note Taking Effect is the well documented effect that taking notes during learning increases retention and recall.  There are factors that effect it such as whether you type or hand write - the latter is more effective - for example.  This episode looks at research into the underlying cognitive processes that may help us improve our students retention through more effective note taking techniques. If you would like to take a look at the original paper:  Lalchandani, L. A., & Healy, A. F. (2022). Elucidating the cognitive processes involved in the note-taking effect. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 36(5), 1009–1021. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3985

In initiating the Synod on Synodality, which is set to run through 2024, Pope Francis sought to lead the whole Church into a time of prayer, listening, and discernment. His hope is to foster these dispositions and habits within the Church as the regular way of living ecclesial life together. As this particular synodal process moves from the continental stage to universal stage, we wanted to spend some time getting a better sense of what this synod is all about and why it has been called. Our guest today is well-positioned to help us along.Sr. Marie Kolbe Zamora is currently serving in the Vatican's General Secretariat of the Synod. She is a Franciscan Sister of Christian Charity, who completed her advanced degrees in theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, writing her dissertation on the “Ecclesiological Elements in the Early Theology of St. Bonaventure.” She joins us from Rome, where she has been living most recently since 2021 upon her appointment to help plan the current synod.Follow-up Resources:“Co-Responsibility: An Antidote to Clericalizing the Laity?” by John Cavadini in Church Life Journal.Called & Co-Responsible: Exploring Co-Responsibility for the Mission of the Church, Conference at the University of Notre Dame (videos of presentations)Recorded seminars on co-responsibility, from the McGrath Institute for Church Life“Questioning the Authenticity of the Synod on Synodality,” with Mark Regnerus on Church Life TodayThis episode is supported by  Holyart.com is Europe's largest Catholic e-commerce, offering more than 65k items, made in Italy. Holyart has created a strong network of local artisans and helps support their traditional manufacturing techniques. You can find a wide range of products for individuals and churches, ranging from life size religious statues, crosses, priest vestments, sacred art, jewelry, and Catholic favors/gifts for all special occasions. Discounts are available for all religious organizations, fast shipping all over the world. Visit www.holyart.com and use discount code OSV20 for 20% off an order today! For more information regarding church discounts and promotions, please contact JasminGarcia@holyart.com. Church Life Today is a partnership between the McGrath Institute for Church Life at the University of Notre Dame and OSV Podcasts from Our Sunday Visitor. Discover more ways to live, learn, and love your Catholic faith at osvpodcasts.com. Sharing stories, starting conversations.

It's our final JonBenet episode! We discuss a few of the potential suspects that have been investigated outside of the Ramsey family.*Content Warning: Child Sexual Assault, Child Murder*JonBenet Ramsey's dad sure of link between daughters murder and attack on young girlReal Crime: Who Killed the Pageant Queen? Part 3Who Killed JonBenet Ramsey? 8 Possible SuspectsDetective Accuses DA HunterJohn Mark Karr Statement AnalysisMichael Landon HelgothJohn Mark Karr WebsiteLinda Arndt ReportHoffman-Pugh vs. RamseyRamsey case Santa Claus figure dead at 72Appeals court backs ruling that Ramseys did not defame ex-housekeeperNearly 20 Years Later, Names of JonBenet Ramsey's Killer EmergesSuicidality among transgender youth: Elucidating the role of interpersonal risk factors (Study) JonBenet Ramsey's REAL murderer is 26-year-old son of a junkyard owner who killed himself...Gary OlivaConvicted pedophile Gary Oliva has confessed to the murder of six-year-old pageant princess...Boulder police brush off pedophile's confesssion in JonBenet Ramsey murderSupport the show

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.25.525588v1?rss=1 Authors: Kline, A. M., Aponte, D. A., Kato, H. K. Abstract: Animals sense sounds through hierarchical neural pathways that ultimately reach higher-order cortices to extract complex acoustic features, such as vocalizations. Elucidating how spectrotemporal integration varies along the hierarchy from primary to higher-order auditory cortices is a crucial step in understanding this elaborate sensory computation. Here we used two-photon calcium imaging and two-tone stimuli with various frequency-timing combinations to compare spectrotemporal integration between primary (A1) and secondary (A2) auditory cortices in mice. Individual neurons showed mixed supralinear and sublinear integration in a frequency-timing combination-specific manner, and we found unique integration patterns in these two areas. Temporally asymmetric spectrotemporal integration in A1 neurons enabled their discrimination of frequency-modulated sweep directions. In contrast, temporally symmetric and coincidence-preferring integration in A2 neurons made them ideal spectral integrators of concurrent multifrequency sounds. Moreover, the ensemble neural activity in A2 was sensitive to two-tone timings, and coincident two-tones evoked distinct ensemble activity patterns from the linear sum of component tones. Together, these results demonstrate distinct roles of A1 and A2 in encoding complex acoustic features, potentially suggesting parallel rather than sequential information extraction between these regions. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

We saw that  there is no subjective perception without the internalization. This claim is again challenged by the Pūrvapakṣa. Elucidating beautifully what this subjective internalized perception is, Swaminiji expounds also on how to come out of it.  

Kanazawa University NanoLSI Podcast: Elucidating the structure of nanomaterials found in crustaceansTranscript of this podcastHello and welcome to the NanoLSI podcast. Thank you for joining us today. In this episode we feature the latest research by Ayhan Yurtsever and Takeshi Fukuma at the Kanazawa University NanoLSI. The research described in this podcast was published in the journal Small Methods in June 2022Kanazawa University NanoLSI website https://nanolsi.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/en/Elucidating the structure of nanomaterials found in crustaceansIn a study recently published in the journal Small Methods, researchers from Kanazawa University used 3D atomic force microscopy to reveal the structural chemistry of chitin, a nanosized biomolecule derived from certain crustaceans.What do crabs, shrimps, and fungi have in common? Besides being culinary delicacies, they all contain a biomolecule called chitin on their external coating. Attributed to its strength and non-toxic nature, chitin is gaining popularity in bioengineering applications such as drug delivery systems. However, scientists are still uncertain about the exact structure of chitin and its interactions with water—a medium that it frequently comes in contact with during chemical processes. Now, a research team led by Ayhan Yurtsever and Takeshi Fukuma at Kanazawa University NanoLSI has used a form of high-resolution microscopy to understand the chemical nature of chitin's surface and its reaction patterns with water.The researchers first isolated chitin from shrimp shells for their experiments. Its surface was then scrutinized using 3D atomic force microscopy (AFM) in addition to a traditional electron microscope. Both these techniques revealed a homogenous layer of highly organized needle-shaped crystals on the surface. The researchers took a closer look at  the crystals—the primary points of interaction with water molecules. They saw that in addition to their highly crystalline nature, the crystals were surprisingly devoid of any structural disarray. This led the group to conclude that hydrochloric acid (which aided in the extraction of chitin from shrimp cells) was indeed successful in removing all other particles from the chitin surface, keeping only the crystals intact. The structural integrity of chitin was not compromised.Finally, the team used simulations to observe the chemistry between the chitin and water molecules and found that the latter formed well-organized layers encapsulating the chitin surface. A closer analysis of their interface revealed robust chemical bonds between the two molecules. However, the water layer had a heterogeneous appearance with sporadic absences of water molecules. This pattern led the team to believe that the chitin surface consisted of two types of molecular groups: those that interacted with water and those that did not. Knowledge of this pattern is useful in formulating future chemical reactions with chitin.“These findings provide important insights into chitin NC structures at the molecular level, which is critical for developing the properties of chitin-based nanomaterials,” concludes the team. The chemical treatment of chitin, which is often a prerequisite for formulating functional nanomaterials, can be developed better with the structural knowledge of chitin nanocrystals in mind.BackgroundChitin: Chitin is a naturally occurring polymer found in the shells of crustaceans and the outer wall of fungi. It is responsible for providing strength to these external coatings of organisms.In recent years, chitin has been used as a nanomaterial across engineering and medical fields. It has been used as reinforcement material, for water purificatiNanoLSI Podcast website

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.17.516902v1?rss=1 Authors: Honfozo, A., Ghouil, R., Alayi, T. D., Ouldali, M., Arteni, A.-A., Atindehou, C. M., Fanou, L. A., Hathout, Y., Zinn-Justin, S., Tomavo, S. Abstract: Rhoptries and micronemes are essential for host cell invasion and survival of all apicomplexan parasites, which are composed of numerous obligate intracellular protozoan pathogens including Plasmodium falciparum (malaria) and Toxoplasma gondii (toxoplasmosis) that infect humans and animals causing severe diseases. We identified Toxoplasma gondii TgSORT as an essential cargo receptor, which drives the transport of rhoptry (ROP) and microneme (MIC) proteins to ensure the biogenesis of these secretory organelles. The luminal ectodomain of 752 amino acid long situated at the N-terminus end of TgSORT has been described to bind to MIC and ROP proteins. Here, we present an optimized protocol for expression of the entire luminal ectodomain of TgSORT (Tg-NSORT) in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Optimization of its coding sequence, cloning and transformation of the yeast P. pastoris allowed the secretion of Tg-NSORT. The protein was purified and further analyzed by negative staining electron microscopy. In addition, molecular modeling using AlphaFold identified key differences between human and T gondii sortilin. The structural features that are only present in T. gondii and other apicomplexan parasites were highlighted. Elucidating the roles of these specific structural features may be useful for designing new therapeutic agents against apicomplexan parasites. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.30.514458v1?rss=1 Authors: Parker, K. E., Arackal, J. S., Hunter, S. C., McCall, J. G. Abstract: Canonical preclinical studies of anxiety-related behavioral states have been critical to developing mechanistic insights and therapeutics for neuropsychiatric disorders. Most of these assays use exploration of novel spaces to test approach-avoidance conflicts such as the open field test, elevated plus maze, and light-dark box. However, these assays cannot evaluate complicated behaviors in which competing states of motivation result in anxiogenic behaviors. Furthermore, these assays can only test the approach-avoidance conflict once due a reliance on spatial novelty. Here we demonstrate the punishment risk task in male and female, group- and singly-housed mice, a model initially described in singly-housed male rats by Park and Moghaddam (2017). The task tests how probabilistic punishment affects reward-seeking behavior. In particular, it measures the delay to pursue a reward while the likelihood of punishment actively impinges reward-associated actions. Elucidating how these competitive behavioral states are integral to adaptive behavior and change over time and experience to coordinate anxiogenesis should greatly benefit anxiety disorder research. Specifically, implementing this assay in mice will enable cell-type selective interrogation of these processes and further our understanding of the neural basis of anxiogenesis. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.16.512276v1?rss=1 Authors: Tuulari, J. J., Kataja, E.-L., Karlsson, L., Karlsson, H. Abstract: Background: Childhood maltreatment exposure (CME) can lead to adverse long term consequences for the exposed individual. Emerging evidence suggests that the long term effect of CME may be transmitted across generations, starting already during prenatal development. Methods: In this study, we measured brain grey and white matter volumes from MR images in 62 healthy neonates at 2 to 5 weeks of gestation corrected age and obtained Trauma and Distress Scale (TADS) questionnaire data from both parents. Results: We found that paternal CME associated positively with neonate supratentorial grey matter volumes while the association for the maternal TADS scores was not statistically significant. Maternal prepregnancy BMI associated with supratentorial white matter volumes, but not with parental CME. Conclusions: We are the first to report that paternal CME is linked with variation in newborn grey matter volume. Our results imply an intergenerational transmission of paternal CME to offspring. Elucidating the later relevance of these associations and mechanisms involved remains an enticing avenue for future studies. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.13.512041v1?rss=1 Authors: Petter, E. A., Fallon, I. P., Hughes, R. N., Watson, G., Meck, W., Ulloa Severino, F. P., Yin, H. H. Abstract: Animals can learn to repeat behaviors to earn desired rewards, a process commonly known as reinforcement learning. While previous work has implicated the ascending dopaminergic projections to the basal ganglia in reinforcement learning, little is known about the role of the hippocampus. Here we report that a specific population of hippocampal neurons and their dopaminergic innervation contribute to operant self-stimulation. These neurons are located in the dentate gyrus, receive dopaminergic projections from the locus coeruleus, and express D1 dopamine receptors. Activation of D1+ dentate neurons is sufficient for self-stimulation: mice will press a lever to earn optogenetic activation of these neurons. A similar effect is also observed with selective activation of the locus coeruleus projections to the dentate gyrus, and blocked by D1 receptor antagonism. Calcium imaging of D1+ dentate neurons revealed significant activity at the time of action selection, but not during passive reward delivery. These results reveal the role of dopaminergic innervation of the hippocampus in supporting operant reinforcement. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

We argue that the theory and practice of diffusion-based generative models are currently unnecessarily convoluted and seek to remedy the situation by presenting a design space that clearly separates the concrete design choices. This lets us identify several changes to both the sampling and training processes, as well as preconditioning of the score networks. 2022: Tero Karras, M. Aittala, Timo Aila, S. Laine https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.00364v2.pdf

In this episode Mike takes us an a deep dive of historical and academic information on Lilith. This is for sure one you don't want to miss.

In this episode Mike takes us an a deep dive of historical and academic information on Lilith. This is for sure one you don't want to miss.

Elucidating the fifth stage of purification, Nagapriya shares a favored teaching to differentiate what helps us progress spiritually, and what does not.  Excerpted from the talk Cherish the Doctrine given at Padmaloka Retreat Centre, 2002. *** Subscribe to our Dharmabytes podcast:  On Apple Podcasts | On Spotify | On Google Podcasts Bite-sized inspiration three times every week. Subscribe to our Free Buddhist Audio podcast:  On Apple Podcasts | On Spotify | On Google Podcasts A full, curated, quality Dharma talk, every week. 3,000,000 downloads and counting! Subscribe using these RSS feeds or search for Free Buddhist Audio or Dharmabytes in your favourite podcast service! Help us keep FBA Podcasts free for everyone: donate now! Follow Free Buddhist Audio: YouTube  |  Instagram  |  Twitter  |  Facebook  |  Soundcloud

Elucidating Galaxy Assembly Bias in SDSS by Andrés N. Salcedo et al. on Tuesday 06 September We investigate the level of galaxy assembly bias in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) main galaxy sample using ELUCID, a state-of-the-art constrained simulation that accurately reconstructed the initial density perturbations within the SDSS volume. On top of the ELUCID haloes, we develop an extended HOD model that includes the assembly bias of central and satellite galaxies, parameterized as $mathcal{Q}_mathrm{cen}$ and $mathcal{Q}_mathrm{sat}$, respectively, to predict a suite of one- and two-point observables. In particular, our fiducial constraint employs the probability distribution of the galaxy number counts measured on $8,mathrm{Mpc},h^{-1}$ scales $N_8^g$ and the projected cross-correlation functions of quintiles of galaxies selected by $N_8^g$ with our entire galaxy sample. We perform extensive tests of the efficacy of our method by fitting the same observables to mock data using both constrained and non-constrained simulations. We discover that in many cases the level of cosmic variance between the two simulations can produce biased constraints that lead to an erroneous detection of galaxy assembly bias if the non-constrained simulation is used. When applying our method to the SDSS data, the ELUCID reconstruction effectively removes an otherwise strong degeneracy between cosmic variance and galaxy assembly bias in SDSS, enabling us to derive an accurate and stringent constraint on the latter. Our fiducial ELUCID constraint, for galaxies above a stellar mass threshold $M_*{=}10^{10.2},h^{-2},M_odot$, is $mathcal{Q}_mathrm{cen}{=}{-}0.09pm{0.05}$ and $mathcal{Q}_mathrm{sat}{=}0.09pm{0.10}$, indicating no evidence for a significant~($>2sigma$) galaxy assembly bias in the local Universe probed by SDSS. Finally, our method provides a promising path to the robust modelling of the galaxy-halo connection within future surveys like DESI and PFS. arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.04176v2

You aren't wrong for not wanting sex. You aren't wrong if you don't want to even want sex! For years studies on sexual desire have been focused on the male population, and then that standard has been placed on women. There is pressure to be aroused, desire sex at all times, and want to be intimate. Culture, religion, family pressures, counseling pressures, and more all make desire something mandated. What if desire could just be desire? What if you don't have to want sex? PASSIONATE BEGINNINGS Sex Course for the Christian Woman Resources used in this podcast Sexuality & Sex Therapy by Mark Yarhouse and Erica Tan Meana, M. (2010) Elucidating women's (hetero)sexual desire: Definitional challenges and content expansion. Journal of Sex Research, 47(2-3), 104-22.

When I was a kid, I thought two things were going to be much bigger problems in my life than they actually are - quicksand and mad cow disease. Turns out that they aren't but mad cow disease is still the stuff of science-fiction nightmares. Mad cow disease is caused by the spread of prions, proteins that weaponize our own cells against us and cause proteins to misfold and aggregate, slowly killing neurons throughout the brain. The disease is characterized by rapid and fatal neurodegeneration. Want to get the shit scared out of you by learning about the truth behind mad cow disease? Come and listen!Please rate, review, and subscribe and if you have any questions, comments, concerns, queries, or complaints, please email me at neuroscienceamateurhour@gmail.com or DM me at NeuroscienceAmateurHour on Instagram.Citations and relevant pictures are below:About BSE BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/prions/bse/about.htmlLegname G. Elucidating the function of the prion protein. True HL, ed. PLOS Pathogens. 2017;13(8):e1006458. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006458Jung MJ, Pistolesi D, Panà A. Prions, prion diseases and decontamination. Igiene E Sanita Pubblica. 2003;59(5):331-344. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14981553/Lanska DJ. The mad cow problem in the UK: risk perceptions, risk management, and health policy development. Journal of Public Health Policy. 1998;19(2):160-183. Accessed April 11, 2022. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9670700/MRI used to detect vCJD. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2000;163(3):324. Accessed April 11, 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC80326/Macfarlane RG, Wroe SJ, Collinge J, Yousry TA, Jäger HR. Neuroimaging findings in human prion disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 2007;78(7):664-670. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2006.094821NHS Choices. Overview - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. NHS. Published 2019. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-cjd/‌Mead S, Khalili-Shirazi A, Potter C, et al. Prion protein monoclonal antibody (PRN100) therapy for Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease: evaluation of a first-in-human treatment programme. The Lancet Neurology. 2022;21(4):342-354. doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(22)00082-5Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/neuroscienceamateurhour)

In this episode, supported by Zymo Research, we discuss the epigenetic clock: what is it? How are researchers using it and what are some of the key tools available to study it? Elucidating the link between epigenetics and aging is Keith Booher, Director of Services at Zymo research including aging and epigenetics research services. Keith reveals how our behaviors and environment, such as diet, exercise and air quality, can impact our epigenetics and the impact that the epigenetic clock has played in the development of new therapeutics. Find out how you can reverse your biological age, the implications of aging populations the latest developments in epigenetic research and more in this episode of Talking Techniques.  Contents: Introduction: 00:00-02:15The issue with population aging: 02:15-03:30Introducing epigenetics:  03:30-04:20The link between epigenetics and aging: 04:20-05:50The impact of exercise on epigenetics: 05:50-06:40The epigenetic clock: 06:40-08:00What can the epigenetic clock tell you about someone's health: 08:00-10:05Can you reverse the epigenetic clock? 10:05-12:00The latest experiments in epigenetics and aging research: 12:00-14:10Finetuning exercise using the epigenetic clock: 14:10-15:30Challenges in epigenetics and aging research: 15:30-17:00Key technologies in epigenetics and aging research: 17:00-18:05Where are the main developments coming from? 18:05-19:30Aging and lobsters: 19:30-20:45How will the field develop in the next 5 years? 20:45-22:00What would you ask for to improve your understanding of the epigenetic clock? 22:00-23:00The most exciting aspects of aging intervention: 23:00-24:00

In this episode, supported by Zymo Research, we discuss the epigenetic clock: what is it? How are researchers using it and what are some of the key tools available to study it? Elucidating the link between epigenetics and aging is Keith Booher, Director of Services at Zymo research including aging and epigenetics research services. Keith reveals how our behaviors and environment, such as diet, exercise and air quality, can impact our epigenetics and the impact that the epigenetic clock has played in the development of new therapeutics.Find out how you can reverse your biological age, the implications of aging populations the latest developments in epigenetic research and more in this episode of Talking Techniques. Contents: Introduction: 00:00-02:15The issue with population aging: 02:15-03:30Introducing epigenetics: 03:30-04:20The link between epigenetics and aging: 04:20-05:50The impact of exercise on epigenetics: 05:50-06:40The epigenetic clock: 06:40-08:00What can the epigenetic clock tell you about someone's health: 08:00-10:05Can you reverse the epigenetic clock? 10:05-12:00The latest experiments in epigenetics and aging research: 12:00-14:10Finetuning exercise using the epigenetic clock: 14:10-15:30Challenges in epigenetics and aging research: 15:30-17:00Key technologies in epigenetics and aging research: 17:00-18:05Where are the main developments coming from? 18:05-19:30Aging and lobsters: 19:30-20:45How will the field develop in the next 5 years? 20:45-22:00What would you ask for to improve your understanding of the epigenetic clock? 22:00-23:00The most exciting aspects of aging intervention: 23:00-24:00 See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Situational Awareness and Political Intuition. Learning to trust our instincts, political and otherwise. More perceptive, more evolved, more trustworthy that many realize. Elucidating critical skillsets in this age of PSYOPS. Meanwhile, host blasts "Davos Woman" who ridicules the masses for not loving the "beautiful" decisions "the elites" make for them. Democrat strategist Paul Begala -- aka "The Forehead" -- says Democrat leaders are good, but they just happen to have "bad followers." How out of touch are these morons? Plus, derailing the absurdly obvious fake news about a supposed rift between Trump and Desantis. Notes on the FBI Agent attorney for Ray Epps. Vignettes from Neil Oliver on COVID mismanagement consequences coming home soon. RIP Thich Nhat Hanh, the monk who brought "mindfulness" to the West. Also, our celebratory review of "The Chosen" miniseries. With Listener Calls. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This podcast imported from RBI materials helps learners to determine the ways a writer can elucidate on a concept by definition, explication and clarification.

A leading ecologist argues that if humankind is to survive on a fragile planet, we must understand and obey its iron laws. Over the past century, our species has made unprecedented technological innovations with which we have sought to control nature. From river levees to enormous one-crop fields, we continue to try to reshape nature for our purposes - so much so it seems we may be in danger of destroying it. In A Natural History of the Future, biologist Rob Dunn argues that nothing could be further from the truth: rather than asking whether nature will survive us, better to ask whether we will survive nature. Despite our best - or worst - efforts to control the biological world, life has its own rules, and no amount of human tampering can rewrite them. Elucidating several fundamental laws of ecology, evolution and biogeography, Dunn shows why life cannot be stopped. We sequester our crops on monocultured fields, only to find new life emerging to attack them. We dump toxic waste only to find microbes to colonise it. And even in the London Tube, we have seen a new species of mosquito emerge to take advantage of an apparently inhospitable habitat. Life will not be repressed by our best-laid plans. Instead, Dunn shows us a vision of the biological future and the challenges the next generations could face. A Natural History of the Future sets a new standard for understanding the diversity of life and our future as a species.

A TWiV trio reveal the isolation of novel paramyxoviruses from rodents and bats in Arizona, and isolation of naive B cells from seronegative donors that produce germline encoded antibodies which engage the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, variants of concern, and related sarbecoviruses from bats. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Bat and rodent paramyxoviruses from Arizona (J Viral) Naive B cells engage SARS-CoV-2 RBD (Science Immunol) Vincent interviews Philip Sharp (ASM) Letters read on TWiV 821 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Brianne – Apod: The Dolphin Head Nebula Rich – The Tree That Could Help Stop The Pandemic; Elucidating the Mechanisms of Action of Saponin-Derived Adjuvants Vincent – Discovery of RNA splicing in Sharp and Roberts laboratories Listener Picks Jason – Home Assistant Alena – VirusCraft Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

A TWiV trio reveal the isolation of novel paramyxoviruses from rodents and bats in Arizona, and isolation of naive B cells from seronegative donors that produce germline encoded antibodies which engage the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, variants of concern, and related sarbecoviruses from bats. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Bat and rodent paramyxoviruses from Arizona (J Viral) Naive B cells engage SARS-CoV-2 RBD (Science Immunol) Vincent interviews Philip Sharp (ASM) Letters read on TWiV 821 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Brianne – Apod: The Dolphin Head Nebula Rich – The Tree That Could Help Stop The Pandemic; Elucidating the Mechanisms of Action of Saponin-Derived Adjuvants Vincent – Discovery of RNA splicing in Sharp and Roberts laboratories Listener Picks Jason – Home Assistant Alena – VirusCraft Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Compound found in some vegetables may reduce diabetes-related kidney damage Phenethyl isothiocyanate, derived from watercress and other cruciferous vegetables, shows benefits Al-Maarefa University (Saudi Arabia), April 27, 2021 New research conducted in rats suggests a compound that gives some cruciferous vegetables their pungent taste could help to reverse kidney problems associated with diabetes.  It is estimated that about one-quarter of people with diabetes will eventually develop diabetic nephropathy, a gradual loss of kidney function eventually requiring dialysis. The condition is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease in the U.S. and is also associated with a high risk of heart disease. There is currently no cure.  For the new study, researchers assessed the effects of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) in rats with diabetic nephropathy. PEITC is found in several types of vegetables but is most concentrated in watercress.  "Our study provides, for the first time, evidence that PEITC might be effective as a naturally occurring agent to reverse serious kidney damage in people with diabetes," said lead study author Mohamed El-Sherbiny, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow at AlMaarefa University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. "Our study introduces mechanistic evidence of how PEITC might manage kidney injury associated with diabetes by targeting multiple interconnected pathways involved in diabetic nephropathy, including inflammation, glycation and oxidative status." El-Sherbiny will present the research at the American Association for Anatomy annual meeting during the Experimental Biology (EB) 2021 meeting, held virtually April 27-30.  Previous studies have suggested sulforaphane, a related compound in cruciferous vegetables, also helps reduce diabetes-associated kidney damage. The new study bolsters the evidence that eating more vegetables containing these compounds could help people with diabetes to stave off kidney problems.  "PEITC seems to manage one of the most serious and painful diabetic complications. Luckily, PEITC is naturally present in many dietary sources, importantly watercress, broccoli, turnips and radish," said El-Sherbiny.  Since the research was conducted in animal models, further studies will be needed to confirm the findings and understand how the results could translate to new treatments or dietary recommendations for people with diabetes.   Eating probiotic foods helps improve bone health in women Kyung Hee University (South Korea), April 23, 2021 A recent study by researchers at Kyung Hee University (KHU) in South Korea presents a good example of how powerful probiotics are and how they can be used for medicinal purposes. The researchers examined the effects of probiotics on vaginosis caused by the bacterium, Gardnerella vaginalis, and osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy. They reported that probiotics, specifically, anti-inflammatory bacteria isolated from kimchi, caused significant improvements in female mice with the above-mentioned conditions. The researchers discussed their findings in an in an article published in the Journal of Medicinal Food. Probiotics from fermented food offer substantial benefits for women Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a type of inflammation caused by the overgrowth of bacterialike G. vaginalis, which naturally reside in the vagina. Normally, good bacteria outnumber bad bacteria and keep them in check; but certain activities, such as frequent douching or unprotected sex, can disrupt the microbial balance in the vagina and promote the growth of bad bacteria. Osteoporosis, also called “porous bone,” is a disease characterized by either the loss of too much bone in the body, a decreased formation of bone, or both. These events cause the bones to become weak and more likely to break from a fall, a minor bump or even from sneezing. According to statistics, osteoporosis is more common in women, with one in three over the age of 50 experiencing bone fractures because of it, while only one in five men experience the same. Genetics and age can play a part in osteoporosis development, along with low calcium intake, thyroid problems, inflammatory conditions and the use of corticosteroid medications. In their study, the team from KHU noted that the excessive expression of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), a signaling protein (cytokine) secreted by inflammatory cells, is known to aggravate BV and osteoporosis. To determine if probiotics can influence the expression of TNF-a and alleviate these conditions, they isolated anti-inflammatory Lactobacillus plantarum NK3 and Bifidobacterium longum NK49 from kimchi as well as from human fecal samples. They then tested the effects of these good bacteria in female mice with BV and osteoporosis. The researchers reported that oral gavage of NK3 alone or in combination with NK49 significantly alleviated GV-induced vaginosis and decreased GV population in the vagina. The probiotics also inhibited the activation of NF-kB, a transcription factor that increases the production of inflammatory cytokines, and TNF-a expression in the vagina and uterus of the female mice. The researchers also found that treatment with NK3 alone or in combination with NK49 alleviated ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis and obesity. Moreover, it increased blood calcium, phosphorus and osteocalcin levels, as well as suppressed weight gain. NK3 and/or NK49 treatment also reduced TNF-a expression and NF-kB activation in the colon and restored optimal gut microbiota composition. Based on these findings, the researchers concluded that the probiotics present in fermented foods like kimchi can alleviate BV and osteoporosis by reducing inflammation and regulating gut microbial composition.     Chronic stress may reduce lifespan in wild baboons, according to new multi-decadal study Duke University, April 21, 2021 Female baboons may not have bills to pay or deadlines to meet, but their lives are extremely challenging. They face food and water scarcity and must be constantly attuned to predators, illnesses and parasites, all while raising infants and maintaining their social status. A new study appearing April 21 in Science Advances shows that female baboons with high life-long levels of glucocorticoids, the hormones involved in the 'fight or flight' response, have a greater risk of dying than those with lower levels. Glucocorticoids are a group of hormones that help prepare the body for a challenge. While these hormones have many functions in the body, persistently high levels of glucocorticoids in the bloodstream can be a marker of stress. To understand the relationship between stress responses and survival, scientists studied 242 female baboons in Amboseli National Park, in Kenya. For more than 20 years, they measured glucocorticoid levels in the baboons' feces, a task that drew upon one of the world's largest collections of data from a wild primate population. Females with higher levels of glucocorticoids in their feces, either due to more frequent exposure to different types of challenges, or more intense stress responses, tended to die younger. The researchers then used these real values of hormone levels and risk of death to simulate a comparison between females that lived at opposite ends of the stress spectrum. The model showed that a hypothetical female whose glucocorticoid levels were kept very elevated would die 5.4 years sooner than a female whose glucocorticoid levels were kept very low. If they reach adulthood, female baboons have an expected lifespan of about 19 years, so 5.4-years represents a 25% shorter life. Five years more life can also represent enough time to raise one or two more infants. The team's simulations represent extreme values that are unlikely to be maintained throughout the females' lives, said Fernando Campos, an assistant professor at the University of Texas San Antonio and lead author of the study. Nonetheless, the link between exposure to stress-associated hormones and survival is clear. "Whether it's due to your environment or your genes or something that we are not measuring, having more glucocorticoids shortens your life," said Susan Alberts, a professor of biology and chair of evolutionary anthropology at Duke and senior author on the paper. The variation in glucocorticoid levels observed by Campos, Alberts, and their team shows that some females have it worse than others. Glucocorticoid levels may vary due to environmental factors, such as growing up in very hot and dry years, social factors, such as living in an unusually small or large group, and individual differences, such as being pregnant more often. "Those are the things we know about," said Alberts, "there's a whole bunch of horrible things that happen to animals that we just can't measure." "Whatever is exposing you to the glucocorticoids is going to shorten your life," Alberts said. "The more hits you get, the worse your outcome." Glucocorticoids play all sorts of vital roles in our bodies. They regulate our immunity, help our bodies access energy from sugars and fats, and modulate metabolic reactions to prepare the body for a challenge. But being constantly prepared for a challenge has high costs: maintenance processes get shut down, and fight or flight processes stay active for longer. Over time, these effects accumulate. "This chronic activation of the stress response leads to a caustic downstream physiological environment of not enough immune system, and not enough attention to maintenance," said Alberts. Associations between stress and survival are extremely difficult to test in a natural scenario. They require very frequent data collection for a very long period of time, in this case through the Amboseli Baboon Research Project, which was launched in 1971. Amboseli females are followed daily from birth to death, their activity is monitored, big events in their lives are recorded, and their feces are periodically collected. "In my lab we have one of the largest collections of primate behavioral data in the world," said Alberts, "and also one of the biggest primate poop collections." More than 14,000 fecal samples were used in this study. Poop is a very valuable, if slightly smelly, repository of information. By measuring hormone levels in feces rather than in blood or saliva, researchers avoid handling and stressing the animals, which could influence hormone levels. "People have long hypothesized that glucocorticoids play a role in how long you live," said Campos, "but to our knowledge this is the first direct evidence that chronic exposure to glucocorticoids strongly predicts survival in wild primates."   Smoking cannabis significantly impairs vision, study finds Smoking cannabis significantly impairs vision but many users are unaware of it University of Granada (Spain), April 15, 2021 A study carried out by the University of Granada indicates that smoking cannabis significantly alters key visual functions, such as visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, three-dimensional vision (stereopsis), the ability to focus, and glare sensitivity Yet, more than 90% of users believe that using cannabis has no effect on their vision, or only a slight effect A group of researchers from the Department of Optics of the University of Granada (UGR) has studied the effects of smoking cannabis on various visual parameters compared to the effect that the users themselves perceive the drug to have on their vision. This study, led by Carolina Ortiz Herrera and Rosario González Anera, has been published in the journal Scientific Reports. Its main author, Sonia Ortiz Peregrina, explains that cannabis use is on the rise despite being an illegal drug. According to the national Survey on Alcohol, Drugs and Other Addictions in Spain 2019-2020, cannabis use nationally has increased since 2011, with 37% of Spanish adults having used this drug at some time. Approximately 10% consumed it in the last year.  In this study, which had the approval of the Human Research Ethics Committee of the UGR (ref. 921/CCEIH/2019), an exhaustive visual trial was conducted on 31 cannabis users, both when they had not consumed any substance in advance and also when they were under the effect of the drug. The researchers also studied the participants' perception of the visual effects of having consumed this drug. The results showed that, following consumption, visual aspects such as visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, three-dimensional vision (stereopsis), the ability to focus, and glare sensitivity significantly worsened. Despite this, not all subjects reported a worsening of their vision after smoking cannabis. Indeed, 30% reported that their vision had not suffered at all, while 65% responded that it had worsened only slightly. The authors note that the visual parameter that could be most strongly linked to users' perception of the visual effect is contrast sensitivity. The study found a negative effect on all of the visual parameters evaluated, with the effect of cannabis on some of the parameters being analysed for the first time in this research. These results, together with the lack of awareness that the participants presented about the visual impairment caused by smoking cannabis, indicate the need to carry out awareness-raising campaigns, as this visual deterioration can pose a danger when performing everyday tasks.   Poor iodine levels in pregnancy poses risks to fetal intellectual development   University of South Australia, April 23, 2021 A growing number of young Australian women are at increased risk of having children born with impaired neurological conditions, due to poor iodine intake. Dietary changes, including a growing trend towards the avoidance of bread and iodised salt, as well as a reduced intake of animal products containing iodine can contribute to low iodine levels. A small pilot study undertaken by the University of South Australia (UniSA) comparing iodine levels between 31 vegan/plant-based participants and 26 omnivores has flagged the potential health risk. Urine samples showed iodine readings of 44 ug/L in the plant-based group, compared to the meat eaters' 64 ug/L level. Neither group came close to the World Health Organization's recommended 100 grams per liter. Participants from both groups who chose pink or Himalayan salt instead of iodised salt had severely deficient iodine levels, averaging 23 ug/L. The findings have been published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. While the study was undertaken in South Australia, it builds evidence on a 2017 US study (1) that found nearly two billion people worldwide were iodine deficient, resulting in 50 million experiencing clinical side effects. UniSA research dietitian Jane Whitbread says adequate iodine is essential for fetal intellectual development. "Mild to moderate iodine deficiency has been shown to affect language development, memory and mental processing speeds," Ms Whitbread says. "During pregnancy, the need for iodine is increased and a 150mcg supplement is recommended prior to conception and throughout pregnancy. Unfortunately, most women do not take iodine supplements before conceiving. It is important to consume adequate iodine, especially during the reproductive years." Dietary sources of iodine include fortified bread, iodized salt, seafoods including seaweeds, eggs, and dairy foods. Concerns about the link between poor iodine status and impaired neurological conditions in newborns prompted the mandatory fortification of non-organic bread with iodised salt in 2009 in Australia. It has since been reported that women who consume 100g of iodine-fortified bread every day (approximately three pieces) have five times greater chance of meeting their iodine intake compared to women who don't consume that much. The average amount of bread consumed by women in this study was one piece of bread. The growing preference of Himalayan salt over iodized table salt may also be problematic, Ms Whitbread says. A quarter of women in the study reported using the pink salt which contains an insignificant level of iodine. Another issue is that plant-based milks have low levels of iodine and are not currently fortified with this nutrient. Neither group met the estimated average requirement (EAR) for calcium. The vegan/plant-based group also did not reach the recommended levels for selenium and B12 without supplementation, but their dietary intake of iron, magnesium, vitamin C, folate and fibre was higher than the meat eaters. This reflects the inclusion of iron-rich soy products, wholemeal foods, legumes, and green leafy vegetables in their diet. The researchers recommended that both new salts and plant milks be fortified with iodine as well as a campaign to raise awareness about the importance of iodine in the diet, especially for women in their reproductive years. They also called for a larger study sample to determine iodine status of Australian women.   Taking vitamin D could lower heart disease risk for people with dark skin Racial disparities in heart disease may be linked to vitamin D deficiency Penn State University, April 26, 2021 New research suggests a simple step could help millions of people reduce their risk of heart disease: make sure to get enough vitamin D. Elucidating linkages between skin pigmentation, vitamin D and indicators of cardiovascular health, the new study, combined with evidence from previous research, suggests vitamin D deficiency could contribute to the high rate of heart disease among African Americans.  "More darkly-pigmented individuals may be at greater risk of vitamin D deficiency, particularly in areas of relatively low sun exposure or high seasonality of sun exposure," said S. Tony Wolf, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow at the Pennsylvania State University and the study's lead author. "These findings may help to explain some of the differences that we see in the risk for developing blood vessel dysfunction, hypertension and overt cardiovascular disease between ethnic groups in the United States. Although there are many factors that contribute to the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, vitamin D supplementation may provide a simple and cost-effective strategy to reduce those disparities." Wolf noted that the need for vitamin D supplementation depends on a variety of factors, including where you live, how much time you spend in the sun, your skin pigmentation and your age.  Wolf will present the research at the American Physiological Society annual meeting during the Experimental Biology (EB) 2021 meeting, held virtually April 27-30.  Melanin, which is more concentrated in darker skin, is known to inhibit the process our bodies use to make vitamin D in the presence of sunlight. As a result, darkly pigmented people may make less vitamin D, potentially leading to vitamin D deficiency. For the study, Wolf and colleagues measured skin pigmentation, vitamin D and the activity of nitric oxide in the small blood vessels beneath the skin in 18 heathy adults of varying skin tones. Nitric oxide is important for blood vessel function, and reduced nitric oxide availability is thought to predispose an individual to the development of hypertension or cardiovascular disease. Previous studies suggest vitamin D helps to promote nitric oxide availability.  Study participants with darker skin had lower levels of vitamin D and lower nitric oxide availability. In addition, the researchers found that lower levels of vitamin D were related to reduced nitric oxide-mediated blood vessel function. The results align with those of a separate study by the same research group, which found that vitamin D supplementation improved blood vitamin D levels and nitric oxide-mediated blood vessel function in otherwise healthy, young African American adults. "Vitamin D supplementation is a simple and safe strategy to ensure vitamin D sufficiency," said Wolf. "Our findings suggest that promoting adequate vitamin D status in young, otherwise healthy adults may improve nitric oxide availability and blood vessel function, and thereby serve as a prophylactic to reduce risk of future development of hypertension or cardiovascular disease."   Men's loneliness linked to an increased risk of cancer University of Eastern Finland, April 27, 2021 A recent study by the University of Eastern Finland shows that loneliness among middle-aged men is associated with an increased risk of cancer. According to the researchers, taking account of loneliness and social relationships should thus be an important part of comprehensive health care and disease prevention. The findings were published in Psychiatry Research. "It has been estimated, on the basis of studies carried out in recent years, that loneliness could be as significant a health risk as smoking or overweight. Our findings support the idea that attention should be paid to this issue," Project Researcher Siiri-Liisi Kraav from the University of Eastern Finland says.  The study was launched in the 1980s with 2,570 middle-aged men from eastern Finland participating. Their health and mortality have been monitored on the basis of register data up until present days. During the follow-up, 649 men, i.e. 25% of the participants, developed cancer, and 283 men (11%) died of cancer. Loneliness increased the risk of cancer by about ten per cent. This association with the risk of cancer was observed regardless of age, socio-economic status, lifestyle, sleep quality, depression symptoms, body mass index, heart disease and their risk factors. In addition, cancer mortality was higher in cancer patients who were unmarried, widowed or divorced at baseline.  "Awareness of the health effects of loneliness is constantly increasing. Therefore, it is important to examine, in more detail, the mechanisms by which loneliness causes adverse health effects. This information would enable us to better alleviate loneliness and the harm caused by it, as well as to find optimal ways to target preventive measures."     How exercise and the simple act of moving your body can improve mental health   University of Toronto, April 26, 2021 Whether running around a track or simply stretching in your living room, physical activity can go a long way toward making you happier. Catherine Sabiston, a professor in the University of Toronto's Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, says the positive impact of exercise on mental health is well-documented. "There is uncontested evidence that physical activity is conducive to mental health," she says. For example, Sabiston co-authored a study in the Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology that adolescents who consistently participated in team sports during high school reported lower depression levels in early adulthood. A Canada Research Chair in physical activity and mental health, Sabiston directs a lab that studies the connections between physical activity and mental health, developing and evaluating interventions to promote physical activity and mental wellness among people who are at risk of inactivity and mental health problems. The lab also runs a six-week program called MoveU.HappyU that provides customized coaching and training aimed at reducing the stress and anxiety of students in the lab through physical movement. She recently spoke with U of T News about why it's important to stay active during the pandemic—and how to feel good doing it. How closely connected are physical activity and mental health? Symptoms of mental illness such as anxiety and depression can impede physical activity and vice versa. When you are experiencing symptoms, you may also encounter feelings of low self-worth and an inability to be motivated. It's very hard to find a type of physical activity that you can engage in when you lack interest in most things. Many of the symptoms tied to mental illness are also barriers to physical activity. On the flip side, there is uncontested evidence that physical activity is conducive to mental health. Physical activity prevents some forms of mental illness, and, for individuals who have been diagnosed with mental illness, physical activity can help reduce those symptoms and improve their quality of life. It holds its own weight in comparison to all other forms of treatment for mental illness, including psychotherapy and even medication. Physical activity is a potential adjunct to any other form of preventative or treatment-focused therapy. How exactly does exercise lift our mood? There are a number of mechanisms at play, including physical activity effects that are tied to our brain activity and brain chemistry. Physical activity increases our body temperature. When we are warmer, we are given the sense that we are comfortable and cared for. Also, from a historical perspective, we know that humans were naturally much more active in the past than we are now. So, physical activity brings us closer to that core level of movement that human bodies are meant to be. Moreover, physical activity can mimic mental health symptoms such as anxiety. When you exercise, you may sweat or feel your heart racing. That mimics the feeling of panic, so by engaging in exercise, you are producing a similar physical effect that can make you more accustomed to those symptoms. Exercise also provides you with an opportunity, whether for two minutes or 20, to break away from your usual routines or worries. This escape can help people better cope with their symptoms while experiencing a sense of purpose or accomplishment. In fact, feelings of mastery and accomplishment are also specific ways that physical activity impacts mental health. Small goals and activities inherent to physical activity offer plenty of opportunities for positive feedback, feeling successful and achieving, which helps stave off symptoms of mental illness. Finally, physical activity is something you can partake in outdoors, which has a potentiating effect on mental health. That allows you to see other people, even if you are not interacting with them, and feel a sense of connectedness. What are some ways people can stay active and motivated during the pandemic? We want to dispel the myth that physical activity is just running, biking and lifting weights. Physical activity can be any movement where your heart is increasing its work capacity and your body is moving. In "MoveU.HappyU," we coach students on day-to-day strategies for how to maintain a level of physical activity. Because the program is virtual now, we have trained students who are currently all over the world. Some students who had never spoken to their families about their mental health struggles are now actually having their whole families join in on the physical activities. The physical activity you are doing should be something that you enjoy. If you don't enjoy it, you're not going to continue to do it. We also want people to engage in physical activity to improve function rather than appearance. It's important to uncouple the relationship between physical activity for weight and body-size reasons and move towards physical activity for enjoyment and fun reasons. If it's fun, you are more likely to do it, and more likely to do it leads to more benefits. Do you have any tips for people looking to boost physical activity at home? There are many ways you can innovate physical activity to make it more varied, even when you are stuck in the same place. The best part of physical activity is thinking about the endless possibilities of ways your body can move. If you are purposeful about it, physical activity can be integrated into your everyday routines: Set aside time as you would if you were going to the gym or commuting. Mark it in your calendar or set an alarm to give you an actual reminder. Use your phone or a pedometer to measure your step count. Having something that measures how many steps you're taking gives you a baseline: If you know you walked a certain number of steps on day one, you can add five additional steps on day two. That way you'll have a tangible goal for increasing movement. Consciously link items or places in your home to short bouts of movement. For example, if you use the toaster oven every morning, make a habit of doing squats while you're waiting for your bread. Or when you are wheeling from one room to another, add some extra distance. When you're outside, use aspects of your environment to change up your physical activity. You can change the intensity of your walking or wheeling, for instance, each time that you pass a lamppost or see a blue car. Make it fun to change up the intensity, type, and timing of your activities. Create movement challenges for yourself and your friends, family, colleagues, or students. Set goals for taking a certain number of steps or finishing a certain number of arm raises each day. Making physical activity more like a game is a proven strategy for increasing movement—and enjoying it.    

Elucidating on the reasons for why the A6M Zero did not have armor or self-sealing fuel tanks. It may not be why you think. This episode is also available as a blog post: http://thetidesofhistory.com/2019/05/05/re-evaluating-the-a6m-zero/ --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/tim-migaki/support

Today’s ID the Future features audio of the first in a series of YouTube videos by Dr. James Tour on the origin-of-life problem. Here Tour, a renowned synthetic organic chemist and professor at Rice University, explains why he is addressing the origin-of-life issue, also known as abiogenesis, and touches on some common misconceptions about the field. He says the organizing impetus for the series is a YouTube video by Dave Farina, “Elucidating the Agenda of James Tour: A Defense of Abiogenesis.” As Farina’s title suggests, he begins his video with an ad hominem attack, seeking to discredit Tour by showing that Tour is a Christian. Tour briefly responds to this line of attack and then moves into matters scientific. There Read More › Source

Elucidating the Hebrew scripture by means of his knowledge of Arabic and drawing upon the Latin text, this week Fr. Paul discusses the mistreatment of Hagar and the interesting play on Exodus in Genesis 16. (Episode 155)

#58.With Rabbi Elchanan Adler (Rosh Yeshiva at Yeshivas Rabbeinu Yitzchak Elchanan [RIETS]) discussing Anim Zemiros and his new books, " Anim Zemiros: A Poem for All Ages; Elucidating, Demystifying, and Appreciating the Shir HaKavod". We discussed who wrote it, differences with Shir HaYichud, when should it be said, and more.We also discussed his Rebbi, Rav Dovid Feinstein ZT'L.To purchase the book: https://www.feldheim.com/anim-zemirosFor more information or to sponsor a show, please email seforimchatter@gmail.com

Dr. James Russell joins me for the third episode in my series on the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili. Dr. Russell is a book historian in Phoenix, Arizona. He completed his doctorate at the Institute of Medieval and Early Modern Studies at Durham University in the UK. James is interested in how material texts shape spiritual experiences. Focusing on early modern esoteric and contemplative literature, he studies the traces readers have left behind in books and manuscripts in order to reconstruct the reading experiences of the past. Marginalia in the Buffalo copy of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, what Dr. Russell describes as a “DVD menu”.In his dissertation, Dr. Russell wrote, “Instead of merely being viewed as an art object, the HP was a text in which readers engaged extensively with both word and image.”1 We discuss the HP as a used text as evidenced by its marginalia, like a “humanist activity book” filled with pen-and-paper intellectual games, whether or not the author intended it to be. James also leads us through an exploration of several of the commentators of early editions of the HP, including two alchemists, a botanist, and Pope Alexander VII. This conversation opens up so many new avenues that make this remarkable book worth exploring and enjoying. When James first approached me, he mentioned The Book that Nobody Read by Owen Gingerich. Gingerich attempts to trace the influence of Copernicus’s De Revolutionibus using marginalia. I was also a fan of Gingerich’s book, so I knew right away we would have plenty to talk about. Please enjoy this episode and don’t be afraid to write in your books! Links Dr. Russell’s dissertation, `Many Other Things Worthy of Knowledge and Memory’: The Hypnerotomachia Poliphili and its Annotators, 1499-1700 Dr. Russell is on Twitter! Thrift Store Book History on YouTube (it’s just a placeholder for now!) The rest of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili episodes Citations and Resources Here is a list of sources that Dr. Russell used in preparing his notes for the interview. Primary Sources Le Tableau des riches Inventions…dans le songe de Poliphile (Paris: Guillemot, 1600). This is the openly alchemical 1600 edition of the HP D’Espagnet, Jean, Enchiridion Physicae Restitutae (Paris: Widow N. de Sercy, 1642, 3rd edn). Nazari, Giovan Battista, Della tramutatione metallica sogni tre (Brescia: Pietro Maria Marchetti, 1599). English translation: Three Dreams on the Transmutation of Metals, trans. Doug Skinner (Glasgow: Magnum Opus Hermeticum Sourceworks, 2002). A very HP-like alchemical allegory Quintilian, Institutio oratoria, ed. and trans. H.E.Butler (London: Heinemann, 1963).   On Marginalia: Barney, Stephen A., Annotation and Its Texts (Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press, 1991).  Jackson, Heather J., Marginalia: Readers Writing in Books (Yale University Press: New Haven and London, 2005) Jardine, Lisa and Anthony Grafton, ‘“Studied for Action”: How Gabriel Harvey Read His Livy’, Past & Present 129 (1990), pp. 30-78.   Sherman, William H., Used Books: Marking Readers in Renaissance England (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007).   Other Secondary Sources Doody, Aude, Pliny’s Encyclopedia: The Reception of the Naturalis historia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010).    Eco, Umberto, The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana, trans. Geoffrey Brock (London: Vintage Books, 2005).   Fierz-David, Linda, The Dream of Poliphilo: The Soul in Love (Dallas, TX: Spring Publications, 1987). A Jungian reading of Poliphilus and Polia as Animus/Anima Freud, Sigmund, The Interpretation of Dreams (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999)   Heckscher, William S., ‘Bernini’s Elephant and Obelisk’, Art Bulletin 29 (1947), pp. 155-82 Jung, Carl, Psychology and Alchemy (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1953)  Kenny, N., The Palace of Secrets: Béroalde de Verville and Renaissance Conceptions of Knowledge (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991). On the author of the 1600 alchemical edition of the HP Painter, George D. The Hypnerotomachia Poliphilo of 1499: An introduction on the Dream, the Dreamer, the Artist, and the Printer (London: Eugrammia Press, 1963). An introduction to the HP which highlights the pagan nature of the text Poe, Edgar Allan, ‘Marginalia’ in James A. Harrison, ed., The Complete Works of Edgar Allan Poe Vol. XVI, (New York: AMS, 1965) pp. 1-178. Priki, Efthymia, ‘Elucidating and Enigmatizing: the Reception of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili in the Early Modern Period and in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries’, eSharp 14 (2009), pp. 62-90 http://www.gla.ac.uk/esharp Accessed 21/08/2011. Rhizopoulou, On the botanical content of Hypnerotomachia Poliphili https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2016.1166070 On Aldus Manutius and the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili Barolini, Helen, Aldus and his Dream Book (New York: Italica Press, 1992). Casella, Maria Teresa, and Giovanni Pozzi, Francesco Colonna. Biografia e opere. Vol. I Biografia (M.T. Casella), Vol. II Opere (G. Pozzi) (Padua: Antenore, 1959). Cruz, Esteban Alejandro, Re-Discovering Antiquity through the Dreams of Poliphilus (Oxford: Trafford, 2006).  Fogliati, Silvia and David Dutto, Il Giardino di Polifilo: ricostruzione virtuale dalla Hypnerotomachia Poliphili di Francesco Colonna stampata a Venezia nel 1499 da Aldo Manuzio (Milan: Franco Maria Ricci, 2002). This is the 3D reconstruction of the HP Russell, James Charles (2014) `Many Other Things Worthy of Knowledge and Memory’: The Hypnerotomachia Poliphili and its Annotators, 1499-1700, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10757/ ↩

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.19.390336v1?rss=1 Authors: Jamieson, D., McLoughlin, L. T., Beaudequin, D. A., Shan, Z., Boyes, A., Schwenn, P., Lagopoulos, J., Hermens, D. F. Abstract: Background: Adolescence is an important period for developing ones sense of self. Social connectedness has been linked to a sense of self which in turn has links to resilience in mental disorders. Adolescence is also a period of increased risk of chronic sleep deprivation during a time of ongoing white matter (WM) maturation. The complex relationship between these variables and their relationship with the onset on mental disorders during adolescence remains largely unexplored. Methods: N = 64 participants aged 12 years (M = 12.6) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Social connectedness scale (SCS) and a diffusion weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan to investigate the relationship of these variables to predict psychological distress via the Kessler psychological distress scale (K10) in early adolescents. Multiple regression analysis was used with K10 entered as the dependent variable and SCS, PSQI, and values of white matter integrity as the predictor variables. Results: Results showed that while all four variables collectively accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in K10 (41.1%), SCS and PSQI were the only predictors that accounted for a significant proportion of variance uniquely. Conclusions: These findings suggest interventions aimed at increasing levels of social connectedness and sleep quality during adolescence may reduce psychological distress. Future longitudinal reporting of this combination of variables is suggested. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.30.362384v1?rss=1 Authors: Wang, Y., Chun, R. F., Adhikari, S., Lopez, C. M., Henrich, M., Yacoubian, V., Lin, L., Adams, J. S., Xing, Y. Abstract: Nearly all human multi-exonic genes undergo alternative splicing (AS) via regulation by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), but few studies have examined the temporal dynamics of AS and its regulation during cell differentiation in the bone niche. We sought to evaluate how AS, under the control of RBPs, affects cell fate commitment during induced osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived multipotent stem/stromal progenitor cells (MSPCs). We generated a time-course RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) dataset representative of induced MSPC differentiation to osteoblasts. Our analysis revealed widespread AS changes, coordinated with differential RBP expression, at multiple time points, including many AS changes in non-differentially expressed genes. We also developed a computational approach to profile the dynamics and regulation of AS by RBPs using time-course RNA-seq data, by combining temporal patterns of exon skipping and RBP expression with RBP binding sites in the vicinity of regulated exons. In total we identified nine RBPs as potential key splicing regulators during MSPC osteogenic differentiation. Perturbation of one candidate, KHDRBS3, inhibited osteogenesis and bone formation in vitro, validating our computational prediction of "driver" RBPs. Overall, our work highlights a high degree of complexity in the splicing regulation of MSPC osteogenic differentiation. Our computational approach may be applied to other time-course data to explore dynamic AS changes and associated regulatory mechanisms in other biological processes or disease trajectories. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.21.348920v1?rss=1 Authors: Nishikawa, K. K., Hoppe, N., Smith, R., Bingman, C., Raman, S. Abstract: Epistasis is a major determinant in the emergence of novel protein function. In allosteric proteins, direct interactions between inducer-binding mutations propagate through the allosteric network, manifesting as epistasis at the level of biological function. Elucidating this relationship between local interactions and their global effects is essential to understanding evolution of allosteric proteins. We integrate computational design, structural and biophysical analysis to characterize the emergence of novel inducer specificity in an allosteric transcription factor. Adaptive landscapes of different inducers of the engineered mutant show that a few strong epistatic interactions constrain the number of viable sequence pathways, revealing ridges in the fitness landscape leading to new specificity. Crystallographic evidence shows a single mutation drives specificity by reshaping the binding pocket. Comparison of biophysical and functional landscapes emphasizes the nonlinear relationship between local inducer affinity and global function (allostery). Our results highlight the functional and evolutionary complexity of allosteric proteins. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.14.339382v1?rss=1 Authors: Shiers, S., Sankaranarayanan, I., Jeevakumar, V., Cervantes, A., Reese, J. C., Price, T. J. Abstract: Peripheral sensory neurons are characterized by their size, molecular profiles, and physiological responses to specific stimuli. In mouse, the peptidergic and non-peptidergic subsets of nociceptors are distinct and innervate different lamina of the spinal dorsal horn. The unique molecular signature and neuroanatomical organization of these neurons supports a labeled line theory for certain types of nociceptive stimuli. However, long standing evidence supports the polymodal nature of nociceptors in many species. We have recently shown that the peptidergic marker, CGRP, and the non-peptidergic marker, P2X3R, show largely overlapping expression at the mRNA level in human dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Herein, our aim was to assess the protein distribution of nociceptor markers, including their central projections, in the human DRG and spinal cord. Using DRGs obtained from organ donors, we observed that CGRP and P2X3R were co-expressed by approximately 33% of human DRG neurons and TrpV1 was expressed in ~60% of human DRG neurons. In the dorsal spinal cord, CGRP, P2X3R, TrpV1 and Nav1.7 protein stained the entirety of lamina II, with only P2XR3 showing a gradient of expression. This was confirmed by measuring the size of the substantia gelatinosa using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining of adjacent sections. Our findings are consistent with the known polymodal nature of most primate nociceptors and indicate that the central projection patterns of nociceptors are different between mice and humans. Elucidating how human nociceptors connect to subsets of dorsal horn neurons will be important for understanding the physiological consequences of these species differences. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.08.332346v1?rss=1 Authors: Cai, T., Lim, H., Abbu, K. A., Qiu, Y., Nussinov, R., Xie, L. Abstract: Molecular interaction is the foundation of biological process. Elucidation of genome-wide binding partners of a biomolecule will address many questions in biomedicine. However, ligands of a vast number of proteins remain elusive. Existing methods mostly fail when the protein of interest is dissimilar from those with known functions or structures. We develop a new deep learning framework DISAE that incorporates biological knowledge into self-supervised learning techniques for predicting ligands of novel unannotated proteins on a genome-scale. In the rigorous benchmark studies, DISAE outperforms state-of-the-art methods by a significant margin. The interpretability analysis of DISAE suggests that it learns biologically meaningful information. We further use DISAE to assign ligands to human orphan G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) and to cluster the human GPCRome by integrating their phylogenetic and ligand relationships. The promising results of DISAE open an avenue for exploring the chemical landscape of entire sequenced genomes. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

2020 is the year of the 100th anniversary of the 19th amendment, which allowed for women to have the right to vote. In this episode, Shruti explains the women's suffrage movement including the key people, events, and actions taken by thousands of people which resulted in a monumental societal change for the United States. She also discusses issues that are still present to this day for women of different races and where the US currently stands compared to the rest of the world in regard to gender equality. Make sure to follow this podcast on whichever platform you are on and check out the instagram @onewishonetep. See you next week! --- If you're interested in learning more about the 19th amendment check out these two websites: https://www.americanbar.org/groups/public_education/programs/19th-amendment-centennial/?fbclid=IwAR0L0cxFW6iyx7XTQt6Jo2UNF8Vdzt3CzAOdDowW1ih1g8ZMyQ51qF0VelQ https://www.law.georgetown.edu/georgetown-law-journal/in-print/nineteenth-amendment-edition/

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.20.304204v1?rss=1 Authors: Ho, T. C., Walker, J. C., Teresi, G. I., Kulla, A., Kirshenbaum, J. S., Gifuni, A. J., Singh, M. K., Gotlib, I. H. Abstract: Suicidal ideation (SI) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are two distinct yet often co-occurring risk factors for suicide in adolescents. Elucidating the neurobiological patterns that specifically characterize SI and NSSI in adolescents is needed to inform the use of these markers in intervention studies and to develop brain-based treatment targets. Here, we clinically assessed 70 adolescents--49 adolescents with depression and 21 healthy controls--to determine SI and NSSI history. Twenty-eight of the depressed adolescents had a history of SI and 29 had a history of NSSI (20 overlapping). All participants underwent a resting-state fMRI scan. We compared groups in network coherence of subdivisions of the central executive network (CEN), default mode network (DMN), and salience network (SN). We also examined group differences in between-network connectivity and explored brain-behavior correlations. Depressed adolescents with SI and with NSSI had lower coherence in the ventral DMN compared to those without SI or NSSI, respectively, and healthy controls (all ps

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.15.298190v1?rss=1 Authors: Knoener, R., Evans, E., Becker, J. T., Scalf, M., Benner, B., Sherer, N. M., Smith, L. M. Abstract: HIV-1 generates unspliced (US), partially spliced (PS), and completely spliced (CS) RNAs; each playing distinct roles in viral replication. Elucidating their host protein "interactomes" is crucial to understanding virus-host interplay. Here, we present HyPR-MSSV for isolation of US, PS, and CS transcripts from a single population of infected CD4+ T-cells and mass spectrometric identification of their in vivo protein interactomes. Analysis revealed 212 proteins differentially associated with the unique RNA classes; including, preferential association of regulators of RNA stability with US- and PS-transcripts and, unexpectedly, mitochondria-linked proteins with US-transcripts. Remarkably, >80 of these factors screened by siRNA knock-down impacted HIV-1 gene expression. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed several to co-localize with HIV-1 US RNA and exhibit changes in abundance and/or localization over the course of infection. This study validates HyPR-MSSV for discovery of viral splice variant protein interactomes and provides an unprecedented resource of factors and pathways likely important to HIV-1 replication. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

In this paper, the authors highlight factors that contribute to system‐level interdependence and discuss the implications these factors have for resident assessment. Read the accompanying article to this podcast: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/medu.14147

"Episodic memory involves conscious experiences being encoded. Same goes for semantic and autobiographical memories. All varieties of memories come in through conscious moments of recall. So, I think that consciousness is the means by which any kinds of memories are established."- Bernard Baars, PhD, originator of global workspace theory and global workspace dynamics, former Senior Fellow in Theoretical Neurobiology at the Neurosciences Institute in La Jolla, CA, editor in Chief of the Society for MindBrain Sciences, and a recipient of the 2019 Hermann von Helmholtz Life Contribution Award by the International Neural Network Society.EPISODE 11: Roundtable Part Four "Brain Regions and Neural Functions Critical to Conscious States" In the final episode of their roundtable talks, originator of Global Workspace Theory Bernard Baars, neuroscientist David Edelman, and developmental neuropsychiatrist Dr. Jay Giedd conclude their discussion by analyzing the brain areas which are critical for higher brain function, neuroimaging techniques associated with detecting conscious experiences, and the possible existence of consciousness in non-mammalian animals.  Get your 40% Discount for your copy of Bernie Baars' acclaimed new book On Consciousness: Science & Subjectivity - Updated Works on Global Workspace TheoryGO TO: https://shop.thenautiluspress.com/collections/baars APPLY DISCOUNT CODE AT CHECKOUT: "PODCASTVIP" Talking Points00:03 – Introduction by David Edelman02:09 – The Role of Thalamus and Cortex in Higher Brain Processing08:08 – Is Memory Fundamental to Consciousness12:14 – Brain Variations Between Mammals and Other Animals16:22 – Differences Between Sleep and Awake States in the Human Brain Summary of the ConversationIn this absorbing episode of ‘On Consciousness,’ Bernard Baars, David Edelman, and developmental neuropsychiatrist Dr. Jay Giedd initiate the conversation by considering the functional aspects of the brain that are believed to be absolutely critical to consciousness.Bernie, Jay, and David ponder the role of cortex and thalamus in higher brain function, including conscious processing. Bernie underlines the problem of considering the linkage between thalamus and cortex as merely a simple feedback loop. From an engineering perspective, this sort of circuit could not possibly work as such an arrangement would inevitably, as Bernie puts it, lead to effective failure of the thalamocortical circuit. Instead, it seems to be the case that the cortex functions in a state of near-criticality. As Jay indicates, this implies that the cortex is always at a tipping point, i.e., close to a phase transition and “always ready to be influenced.”Elucidating the neurobiology of consciousness has been somewhat hindered by technical hurdles. But, despite the spatial and temporal limitations of current neurophysiological and imaging technologies, David observes that certain aspects of brain anatomy—including cortex and thalamus—have been established as the sine qua non of conscious experience in mammals. In an optimistic vein, Jay offers that new combinations of existing techniques (such as MEG, EEG, and fMRI) may soon yield a much clearer picture.Next, Edelman, Baars, and Giedd consider the idea that certain higher neural processes are central to consciousness, even though those processes may often function independently of any state of awareness. Memory, which seems to be fundamental to conscious experience, is one such process. While memory and recall figure prominently in conscious experience, it’s certainly the case that some varieties of memory are regularly engaged during non-conscious states and behaviors.The trio concludes the conversation by reflecting on the prospect of consciousness as a biological phenomenon. Additionally, they consider the possibility of consciousness in animals distant from the mammalian line and as it is the case of the octopus, a creature separated from the vertebrate radiation by more than half a billion years. The octopus as a possible test case for consciousness beyond the realm of vertebrates is particularly tantalizing, given that, unlike mammals, it has neither a cerebral cortex nor a thalamus. BiosDr. Jay GieddChair of child psychiatry at Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego and director of child and adolescent psychiatry, Dr. Giedd is also a professor of psychiatry at UCSD School of Medicine, and professor in the Dept of Population, Family and Reproductive Health at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Dr. Giedd was chief of the Section on Brain Imaging, Child Psychiatry Branch of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). His widely published research and expertise evaluates how the child's brain develops in health and illness, the factors that influence development and how to optimize treatments to take advantage of the child's changing brain. Jay and his award winning work were featured in the PBS 2 part series "Brains on Trial" hosted by Alan Alda. David Edelman, PhD: A neuroscientist and currently Visiting Scholar in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Dartmouth College, David has taught neuroscience at the University of San Diego and UCSD. He was Professor of Neuroscience at Bennington College until 2014 and visiting professor in the Dept of Psychology, CUNY Brooklyn College from 2015-2017.He has conducted research in a wide range of areas, including mechanisms of gene regulation, the relationship between mitochondrial transport and brain activity, and visual perception in the octopus. A longstanding interest in the neural basis of consciousness led him to consider the importance—and challenge—of disseminating a more global view of brain function to a broad audience.Bernard Baars is best known as the originator of global workspace theory and global workspace dynamics, a theory of human cognitive architecture, the cortex and consciousness. Bernie is a former Senior Fellow in Theoretical Neurobiology at the Neurosciences Institute in La Jolla, CA, and Editor in Chief of the Society for MindBrain Sciences. He is author of many scientific papers, articles, essays, chapters, and acclaimed books and textbooks. Bernie is the recipient of the 2019 Hermann von Helmholtz Life Contribution Award by the International Neural Network Society, which recognizes work in perception proven to be paradigm changing and long-lasting. He teaches science. It keeps him out of trouble. *Watch Episode 11 on Our YouTube Channel!#podbean #podcast #spotify #itunes #podcasting #podcastlife #stitcher #podcasts #applepodcasts #googleplay #youtube #podcasters #podcaster #soundcloud #podcastshow #newpodcast #googlepodcasts #applepodcast #iheartradio #spotifypodcast #itunespodcast #podcastmovement #entertainment #castbox #radio #subscribe #listen #neuroscience #psychology #brain #globalworkspace #gwt #bernardbaars #davidedelman #jaygiedd #brainscience #sciencepodcast #science 

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.11.147231v1?rss=1 Authors: Grossman, Y. S., Fillinger, C., Manganaro, A., Voren, G., Waldman, R., Zou, T., Jannsen, W., Kenny, P., Dumitriu, D. Abstract: Background: Depression is a debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder with 20% lifetime prevalence in the developed world but only approximately half of afflicted individuals respond to currently available therapies. While there is growing understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of the depressed brain, much less is known about the preexisting circuitry leading to selective vulnerability versus resilience. Elucidating these networks could lead to novel preventative approaches. Methods: We developed a model of acute social defeat stress (ASDS) that allows classification of male mice into "susceptible" (socially avoidant) versus "resilient" (expressing control-level social approach) one hour after exposure to six minutes of social stress. Using circuit tracing and high-resolution confocal imaging, we explored differences in activation and dendritic spine density and morphology in the prelimbic to basolateral amygdala (PL[->]BLA) circuit in resilient versus susceptible mice. To test the functional relevance of identified structure/function differences to divergent behavioral responses, we used an intersectional chemogenetic approach to inhibit the PL[->]BLA circuit during or prior to ASDS. Results: Susceptible mice had greater PL[->]BLA recruitment during ASDS and activated PL[->]BLA neurons from susceptible mice had more and larger mushroom spines compared to resilient mice. Inhibition of the PL[->]BLA circuit led to a population shift towards resilience. Conclusion: Preexisting PL[->]BLA structure/function differences mediate divergent behavioral responses to ASDS in male mice. These results support the PL[->]BLA circuit as a biomarker of trait vulnerability and potential target for prevention of stress-induced psychopathology. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.05.136440v1?rss=1 Authors: Kim, S., McMahon, D. G. Abstract: Entrainment of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) circadian clock in the brain to environmental light cycles is a form of neural plasticity which involves acute daily clock resetting, and long-term changes in endogenous clock period. Elucidating mechanisms of entrainment is critical for understanding how circadian clocks maintain alignment of internal rhythms with the external environment. However, studying how the SCN clock per se behaves throughout entrainment at the molecular level remains technically challenging. Here we report a novel experimental system that precisely employs periodic optogenetic stimulation to drive circadian entrainment of multiple SCN brain slices while recording circadian rhythms in molecular output with bioluminescence. Using this system, we demonstrate entrainment of the SCN clock ex vivo and show that many forms of circadian clock plasticity in behavior is intrinsic to the SCN molecular clock plasticity induced through encoding different light cycle periods and seasonal variations in the day length. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.29.123026v1?rss=1 Authors: Perez, C., Felix, L., Rose, C. R., Ullah, G. Abstract: Spontaneous neuronal and astrocytic activity in the neonate forebrain is believed to drive the maturation of individual cells and their integration into complex brain-region-specific networks. The previously reported forms include bursts of electrical activity and oscillations in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Here, we use ratiometric Na+ imaging to demonstrate spontaneous fluctuations in the intracellular Na+ concentration of CA1 pyramidal neurons and astrocytes in tissue slices obtained from the hippocampus of mice at postnatal days 2-4 (P2-4). These occur at very low frequency ([~]2/h), can last minutes with amplitudes up to several mM, and mostly disappear after the first postnatal week. To further study the mechanisms that may generate such spontaneous fluctuations in neurons, we model a network consisting of pyramidal neurons and interneurons. Experimentally observed Na+ fluctuations are mimicked when GABAergic inhibition in the simulated network is inverted. Both our experiments and computational model show that the application of tetrodotoxin to block voltage-gated Na+ channels or of inhibitors targeting GABAergic signaling respectively, significantly diminish the neuronal Na+ fluctuations. On the other hand, blocking a variety of other ion channels, receptors, or transporters including glutamatergic pathways, does not have significant effects. In addition, our model shows that the amplitude and duration of Na+ fluctuations decrease as we increase the strength of glial K+ uptake. Furthermore, neurons with smaller somatic volumes exhibit fluctuations with higher frequency and amplitude. As opposed to this, the larger relative size of the extracellular with respect to intracellular space observed in neonatal brain exerts a dampening effect. Finally, our model also predicts that these periods of spontaneous Na+ influx leave neonatal neuronal networks more vulnerable to hyperactivity when compared to mature brain. Taken together, our model thus confirms the experimental observations, and offers additional insight into how the neonatal environment shapes early signaling in the brain. Author SummarySpontaneous neuronal and astrocytic activity during the early postnatal period is crucial to the development and physiology of the neonate forebrain. Elucidating the origin of this activity is key to our understanding of the cell maturation and formation of brain-region-specific networks. This study reports spontaneous, ultraslow, large-amplitude, long-lasting fluctuations in the intracellular Na+ concentration of neurons and astrocytes in the hippocampus of mice at postnatal days 2-4 that mostly disappear after the first postnatal week. We combine ratiometric Na+ imaging and pharmacological manipulations with a detailed computational model of neuronal networks in the neonatal and adult brain to provide key insights into the origin of these Na+ fluctuations. Furthermore, our model predicts that these periods of spontaneous Na+ influx leave neonatal neuronal networks more vulnerable to hyperactivity when compared to mature brain. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

This is a solo episode about the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, the most beautiful book in Venice. This mysterious volume was printed in Venice in 1499 by Aldus Manutius, with a typeface created by master punchcutter Francesco Griffo. Illustrated with 172 amazing woodcuts, it was written in a strange combination of Latin, Greek, and Italian. The illustrations also contain Hebrew, Arabic, and invented hieroglyphs. Nobody knows who the illustrator was, nor who wrote the book, but most scholars agree that it was Venetian Franciscian monk and priest Francesco Colonna. In this episode, I discuss the history of events leading up to the book, the nature of the book itself, and also possible influences the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili may have had on later European art, literature, and occult currents. Some of the topics I touch on are the 17th century Rosicrucian movement, the Renaissance Art of Memory, and 18th century Freemasonry. My research in this episode relies heavily on the previous work of two people. First, Joscelyn Godwin, musicologist, author, historian, and translator. He translated the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili into English for the first time in 1999, and was the translator and commentator of The Chemical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz, which I reference in the show. Second is Efthymia Priki, Ph.D. in Byzantine Studies from University of Cyprus, who did extensive work researching the influences of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili on works that came after it. Links The Arnemancy Store Register for an upcoming class or get a recording of a previous class. Joscelyn Godwin’s English translation of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili Robert Dallington’s aborted English translation of 1592 (at Project Gutenberg) Scans of the 1499 first edition of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili (at the Internet Archive) The Rosicrucian Trilogy (also check out my review of this book) Excellent overview of the story and artwork in the HP “Elucidating and Enigmatizing: the Reception of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili in the Early Modern Period and in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries” by Efthymia Priki The Club Dumas by Arturo Pérez-Revert The Rule of Four by Ian Caldwell and Dustin Thomason The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana by Umberto Eco (Make sure you get one that’s in full color!) Support me on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/arnemancy Listen on Podcrypt

For the third installment in our special series on interpretive political and social scientific research, Frederic C. Schaffer joins us to discuss his Elucidating Social Science Concepts: An Interpretivist Guide (Routledge, 2015). In it, Fred explains why social scientists doing interpretive work need to be especially attentive to concepts and conceptualization. Contrasting positivist reconstruction of concepts with interpretivist elucidation of them, he proposes and spells out three elucidating strategies: grounding, locating and exposing. Elucidating Social Science Concepts is both a hands-on text for social scientific conceptualization and an agenda-setting publication that emerges out of Fred’s longstanding commitment to interpretivist methodologies and methods. The second of the Routledge Series on Interpretive Methods featured on New Books in Interpretive Political and Social Science, this is a book that is clear in its goals, patient in its explanations and economical in its prose, accessible to graduate students but also full of instructive reminders and cautions for seasoned researchers. Listeners to this episode might also be interested in the symposium on Elucidating Social Science Concepts published in Qualitative and Multi-Method Research, available for free download. And to download or stream episodes in this series, please subscribe to our host channel: New Books in Political Science. Nick Cheesman is a fellow in the Department of Political and Social Change, Australian National University, and a committee member of the Interpretive Methodologies and Methods group. He co-hosts the New Books in Southeast Asian Studies channel. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

For the third installment in our special series on interpretive political and social scientific research, Frederic C. Schaffer joins us to discuss his Elucidating Social Science Concepts: An Interpretivist Guide (Routledge, 2015). In it, Fred explains why social scientists doing interpretive work need to be especially attentive to concepts and conceptualization. Contrasting positivist reconstruction of concepts with interpretivist elucidation of them, he proposes and spells out three elucidating strategies: grounding, locating and exposing. Elucidating Social Science Concepts is both a hands-on text for social scientific conceptualization and an agenda-setting publication that emerges out of Fred’s longstanding commitment to interpretivist methodologies and methods. The second of the Routledge Series on Interpretive Methods featured on New Books in Interpretive Political and Social Science, this is a book that is clear in its goals, patient in its explanations and economical in its prose, accessible to graduate students but also full of instructive reminders and cautions for seasoned researchers. Listeners to this episode might also be interested in the symposium on Elucidating Social Science Concepts published in Qualitative and Multi-Method Research, available for free download. And to download or stream episodes in this series, please subscribe to our host channel: New Books in Political Science. Nick Cheesman is a fellow in the Department of Political and Social Change, Australian National University, and a committee member of the Interpretive Methodologies and Methods group. He co-hosts the New Books in Southeast Asian Studies channel. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

For the third installment in our special series on interpretive political and social scientific research, Frederic C. Schaffer joins us to discuss his Elucidating Social Science Concepts: An Interpretivist Guide (Routledge, 2015). In it, Fred explains why social scientists doing interpretive work need to be especially attentive to concepts and conceptualization. Contrasting positivist reconstruction of concepts with interpretivist elucidation of them, he proposes and spells out three elucidating strategies: grounding, locating and exposing. Elucidating Social Science Concepts is both a hands-on text for social scientific conceptualization and an agenda-setting publication that emerges out of Fred’s longstanding commitment to interpretivist methodologies and methods. The second of the Routledge Series on Interpretive Methods featured on New Books in Interpretive Political and Social Science, this is a book that is clear in its goals, patient in its explanations and economical in its prose, accessible to graduate students but also full of instructive reminders and cautions for seasoned researchers. Listeners to this episode might also be interested in the symposium on Elucidating Social Science Concepts published in Qualitative and Multi-Method Research, available for free download. And to download or stream episodes in this series, please subscribe to our host channel: New Books in Political Science. Nick Cheesman is a fellow in the Department of Political and Social Change, Australian National University, and a committee member of the Interpretive Methodologies and Methods group. He co-hosts the New Books in Southeast Asian Studies channel. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

For the third installment in our special series on interpretive political and social scientific research, Frederic C. Schaffer joins us to discuss his Elucidating Social Science Concepts: An Interpretivist Guide (Routledge, 2015). In it, Fred explains why social scientists doing interpretive work need to be especially attentive to concepts and conceptualization. Contrasting positivist reconstruction of concepts with interpretivist elucidation of them, he proposes and spells out three elucidating strategies: grounding, locating and exposing. Elucidating Social Science Concepts is both a hands-on text for social scientific conceptualization and an agenda-setting publication that emerges out of Fred’s longstanding commitment to interpretivist methodologies and methods. The second of the Routledge Series on Interpretive Methods featured on New Books in Interpretive Political and Social Science, this is a book that is clear in its goals, patient in its explanations and economical in its prose, accessible to graduate students but also full of instructive reminders and cautions for seasoned researchers. Listeners to this episode might also be interested in the symposium on Elucidating Social Science Concepts published in Qualitative and Multi-Method Research, available for free download. And to download or stream episodes in this series, please subscribe to our host channel: New Books in Political Science. Nick Cheesman is a fellow in the Department of Political and Social Change, Australian National University, and a committee member of the Interpretive Methodologies and Methods group. He co-hosts the New Books in Southeast Asian Studies channel. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Coffee shows an appealing bitterness when properly roasted and prepared. But how do the compounds that make coffee taste bitter develop during roasting and how do you analyze and identify them? What lessons can be learned from academic research on coffee roasting to make coffee even more pleasantly bitter-tasting? And after a century of intensive research, why does research still not know exactly what makes coffee bitter at all?Learn more as Dr. Sara Marquart, curator of the “Cosmos Coffee” exhibition at the Deutsches Museum, shares excerpts of her academic research into bitterness during her Ph.D. at TU Munich in Food Chemistry focused on the highly sophisticated elucidation of reaction pathways and kinetics leading to bitter tastants in roasted coffee. Also, I will jump in occasionally to help you follow along. Special Thanks to Softengine Coffee One, Powered by SAP This episode of the Expo 2019 Lectures podcast is supported by Softengine Coffee One, Powered by SAP.  Built upon SAP's business-leading Enterprise Resource Planning solution, Softengine Coffee One is designed specifically to quickly and easily take your small-to-medium coffee company working at any point along the coffee chain to the next level of success. Learn more about Softengine Coffee One at softengine.com, with special pricing available for SCA Members. Softengine: the most intelligent way to grow your business.Related Links  Read a full transcript on SCA News Listen to other episodes of the SCA Podcast  Learn more about the upcoming 2020 Lecture Series at the Specialty Coffee Expo  Episode Table of Contents0:00 Introduction2:00 An overview of coffee's sensory universe8:15 The different types of bitterness and Sara's work discovering what bitter compounds are in a cup of coffee19:15 How to control for bitterness during roasting24:30 Audience Questions

In this episode, Nathan is joined by Dr Robert Hendren, a Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science at the University of California, San Francisco and author of well over 100 scientific papers and five books. From the get-go, it is clear Hendren is deeply committed to his work, and as such, provides valuable insight into the complex pathology that is autism. Hendren speaks of his first clinical trial, which launched him on his current career path (2:00) Elucidating the etiology of ASD (6:00) Factors influencing gene expression (8:00) Looking to the mitochondria (11:00) The infamous gut-brain axis - what role does it play in ASD? (17:30) Environmental toxicity – do we treat it and if so, how? (26:00) Sulforaphane holds promise (31:20) Spotlight on metabolomics (34:00) Functional testing (38:50) Professor Hendren’s hopes for the treatment of ASD (43:50)

In this episode, Nathan is joined by Dr Robert Hendren, a Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science at the University of California, San Francisco and author of well over 100 scientific papers and five books. From the get-go, it is clear Hendren is deeply committed to his work, and as such, provides valuable insight into the complex pathology that is autism. Hendren speaks of his first clinical trial, which launched him on his current career path (2:00) Elucidating the etiology of ASD (6:00) Factors influencing gene expression (8:00) Looking to the mitochondria (11:00) The infamous gut-brain axis - what role does it play in ASD? (17:30) Environmental toxicity – do we treat it and if so, how? (26:00) Sulforaphane holds promise (31:20) Spotlight on metabolomics (34:00) Functional testing (38:50) Professor Hendren’s hopes for the treatment of ASD (43:50)

Matt Kalaycio, MD, of the Cleveland Clinic joins Blood & Cancer host David H. Henry, MD, of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, to preview the potentially practice changing research that will be reported at the 2019 annual meeting of the American Society of Hematology. Plus, in Clinical Correlation, Ilana Yurkiewicz, MD, of Stanford (Calif.) University, addresses the isolation that comes from dealing with a serious chronic illness, especially around the holidays. *  *  *  Help us make this podcast better! Please take our short listener survey: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/podcastsurveyOct2019 *  *  *  FDA approves atezolizumab combo as first line for advanced NSCLC Atezolizumab is a monoclonal antibody and is already approved for adults with metastatic NSCLC with disease progression. By Laura Nicolaides The Food and Drug administration as approved atezolizumab in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy for first-line treatment of adults with metastatic, nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations.  *  *  *  ASH abstracts discussed in the podcast: Abstract 1: Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Results of the prospective randomized HOVON-96 trial in recipients of matched related and unrelated donors. Abstract 261: Superior survival with post-remission pediatric-inspired chemotherapy compared to myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in adolescents and young adults with Ph-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first complete remission: Comparison of CALGB 10403 to patients reported to the CIBMTR. Abstract 322: Nonmyeloablative allogeneic transplantation confers an overall survival benefit with similar nonrelapse mortality when compared with autologous stem transplantation for patients with relapsed follicular lymphoma. Abstract 6: Mosunetuzumab induces complete remissions in poor prognosis non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients, including those who are resistant to or relapsing after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies, and is active in treatment through multiple lines. Abstract LBA-5: Validation of BCL11A as therapeutic target in sickle cell disease: Results from the adult cohort of a pilot/feasibility gene therapy trial inducing sustained expression of fetal hemoglobin using posttranscriptional gene silencing. Abstract LBA-6: Carfilzomib, dexamethasone, and daratumumab versus carfilzomib and dexamethasone for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: Primary analysis results from the randomized, open-label, phase 3 study Candor. Abstract 1588: A randomized trial of EPOCH-based chemotherapy with vorinostat for highly aggressive HIV-associated lymphomas: Updated results evaluating the impact of diagnosis-to-treatment interval and pre-protocol systemic therapy on outcomes. Abstract 940: Elucidating the role of IL6 in stress erythropoiesis and in the development of anemia under inflammatory conditions. Abstract 57: Patient harm from repetitive blood draws and blood waste in the ICU: A retrospective cohort study. Abstract 59: Impact of iron supplementation on patient outcomes in women undergoing gynecologic procedures: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Abstract 126: Polatuzumab vedotin plus obinutuzumab and lenalidomide in patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma: Primary analysis of the full efficacy population in a phase Ib/II trial. Abstract 168: Risk of hemorrhage in patient with polycythemia vera exposed to aspirin in combination with anticoagulants: Results of a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study (REVEAL). Abstract 326: Safety and effectiveness of apixaban, LMWH, and warfarin among venous thromboembolism patients with active cancer: A retrospective analysis using four U.S. claims databases. Abstract 327: Safety and effectiveness of apixaban, LMWH and warfarin among venous thromboembolism patients with active cancer: A subgroup analysis of VTE risk scale. Abstract 566: Phase II study of oral rigosertib combined with azacytidine as first line therapy in patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes.   For more MDedge Podcasts, go to mdedge.com/podcasts Email the show: podcasts@mdedge.com Interact with us on Twitter: @MDedgehemonc David Henry on Twitter: @davidhenrymd Ilana Yurkiewicz on Twitter: @ilanayurkiewicz

In this Episode of the Epigenetics Podcast our guest Lucy Stead from the University of Leeds provides insight into her work on intratumor heterogeneity in Glioblastoma. In order to tackle this area she uses an holistic approach including Computational Genomics, In silico Modeling and Functional Genomics in order to test whether treatment-resistant subclones emerge in recurrent tumors, and characterize them in clinically relevant ways in multiple patients. And this is just a glimpse of what is discussed in this Episode.   References  Lucy F. Stead, Helene Thygesen, … Pamela Rabbitts (2015) Using common variants to indicate cancer genes (International Journal of Cancer) DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28951  Caroline Conway, Jennifer L. Graham, … Lucy F. Stead (2015) Elucidating drivers of oral epithelial dysplasia formation and malignant transformation to cancer using RNAseq (Oncotarget) DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5529  Alastair Droop, Alexander Bruns, … Lucy F. Stead (2018) How to analyse the spatiotemporal tumour samples needed to investigate cancer evolution: A case study using paired primary and recurrent glioblastoma (International Journal of Cancer) DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31184  Georgette Tanner, David R. Westhead, … Lucy F. Stead (2019) Simulation of heterogeneous tumour genomes with HeteroGenesis and in silico whole exome sequencing (Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)) DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty1063  Nora Rippaus, Alexander F-Bruns, … Lucy F. Stead (2019) JARID2 facilitates transcriptional reprogramming in glioblastoma in response to standard treatment (bioRxiv) DOI: 10.1101/649400   Contact https://twitter.com/activemotif https://twitter.com/epigenetics_pod https://www.linkedin.com/company-beta/35651/ https://www.facebook.com/ActiveMotifInc/ eMail: podcast@activemotif.com

Elucidating on Battletech and more information on the BFRPG Experience --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/jason-hobbs/support

Elucidating meaningful, unbiased microbial community profiles from complex microbiome samples is challenging. In this webinar, you will learn: – the sources of bias throughout the microbiome analysis workflow – practical solutions for troubleshooting your techniques – new technologies to achieve the most representative and unbiased microbiome profiles Join Dr. Sven Reister as he guides you through a typical workflow for analysis of microbial community profiles of complex and low biomass microbiomes, and learn how to get the most complete, unbiased microbiome profiles from even your most challenging samples.

Are you sure you want it harder, baby? Live Hard Bangin' Techno Mix by Omnipotent 1. Red Sky - Tale Of Us, Ovend 2. Bang - Tiger Stripes 3. Stronger - Maksim Dark 4. Ocean Drive - Bart Skills 5. Abyssal Power (DJ Jock Remix) - Thomas Evans 6. Eruption - Noir 7. My Head Is On Fire - Coyu, Reinier Zonneveld, La CouCou 8. Don't Let It Go - Chicago Loop 9. Forged In The Heart Of a Laserbeam - Spektre 10. Flow (Mark Greene Remix) - Martin Lacroix 11. Age Of Lust - Arjun Vagale 12. Tweezer - Aitor Ronda 13. Megre - Deborah De Luca 14. Groundwave - Stiv Hey, Matteo Magni 15. The Dansant - ANNA 16. Oblivion - Moog Conspiracy, Kalden Bess 17. Envy - Underbooz 18. Mind Journey (Amotik Remix) - Ellen Allien

We need to take a quantum leap and make a dramatic advance in our understanding of what is at the root of our suffering- fear and guilt. The key is taking responsibility for everything that we perceive in our world as being an extension of us. [When] we learn to correct our projections and misperceptions, we can begin to reclaim our power, align with our true worth, and discover our purpose in life thereby dissolving the guilt that binds us. Listen to a Drishti Point Yoga Podcast with Devrah Laval, author of Leap to Freedom and the Magical Doorway to the Divine. Devrah speaks about guilt as the root of all human suffering and how to overcome it. Elucidating different types of guilt- metaphysical (unconscious), existential, and psychological, Devrah writes about how all types of guilt separate us from our Divine Source and knowing that we are Love in physical form, and in this interview, she speaks about her own experiences that allowed her to fully release herself from the chains of guilt and fully embrace her Divinity.

Vladimir Joukov, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Harvard Medical School, Boston - USA speaks on "Elucidating the mechanisms of mitotic centrosome and spindle assembly and their deregulation in disease"

This time Daniel and Shana discuss Louise Jameson's last story The Invasion of Time, and speculate as to how little Tom Baker actually cared about the show at this point. Also, our first female Time Lord, neutered Sontarans, Milton Johns being creepy, and much discussion of writing structure.    Main Topic: The Invasion of Time. "Tom Baker throws his weight around, and Leela's nipples are almost exposed." Rockin' it in the Middle Ages. Goading the Sontarans. Doctor Who stories with the word "Time." There are years of this. Hopscotching down the hallway. Williams and Read. Simpleton Leela. Bathing Suit Leela. Not the best Leela stories. Leela's costume. Meeting the Shabogans. Marrying Arnold Rimmer. Rodan: the Romana tryout. Rodan and Leela. The Sontaran battle fleet. The ruling classes and the Shabogans. "Everything hurts out here." Flase dichotomy. High and low. "Why must we talk about the plot?" Elucidating the plot. A pretty good structure. Milton Johns is good at playing skeevy. Charismatic actors. A four-parter and a two-parter. A Giant Skull Potato. Toothless Sontarans. The TARDIS Interior. Justification for Leela's tits. Leela/Andred. Borusa. Hoping our fans have watched Red Dwarf. Tom Baker Jesus. Next Week: The Ice Warriors.     Find Our Stuff!  Find us on iTunes! Or Facebook! We love email (oispacemanpodcast@gmail.com)! And all our episodes are on oispaceman.libsyn.com. Daniel's Tumblr Twitter Shana's Tumblr Twitter 

Elucidating the other side of the coin, in todayand#8217;s FBA Dharmabyte,and#8220;Enlightenment as Non-Experience,and#8221; Sangharakshita explores the alternative to considering Enlightenment as experience. Nirvana is the experience you have when you stop experiencing. The full talk, and#8220;Enlightenment as Experience and as Non-Experienceand#8221; was given in 1975.

Effective interventions require evidence on how individual causal pathways jointly determine disease. Based on the concept of systems epidemiology, this paper develops Diagram-based Analysis of Causal Systems (DACS) as an approach to analyze complex systems, and applies it by examining the contributions of proximal and distal determinants of childhood acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in sub-Saharan Africa.

Viruses are known to cause many diseases, from the common cold and cold sores to more serious diseases such as the Ebola virus disease and AIDS. Viruses have evolved different strategies to enter and infect cells. In order to infect a cell, viruses have to overcome the cell membrane barrier to deliver their genome to the site of replication. Enveloped viruses can either fuse directly at the plasma membrane or with an endosomal membrane after endocytic uptake. In this work, I studied the early steps in virus entry of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and foamy virus (FV) by means of fluorescence microscopy. The virus particles contain two different labels, one located at the envelope and the other at the capsid so that fusion can be detected upon separation of the two colors in space. The virus preparations were optimized for a high dual-color virus yield and live-cell imaging experiments were performed with spinning-disk confocal microscopy in 3D to gain insights into the entry kinetics. In order to determine the time-scale when virus fusion occurs, the percentage of virions containing both envelope and capsid signals was evaluated over time. Virus particles that are taken up by endocytosis face an increasing proton concentration within maturing endosomes. However, the emission of some fluorescent proteins is known to be pH-dependent and the use of pH-sensitive fluorescent proteins, such as GFP, can result in critical artifacts in live-cell imaging. Therefore, experimental approaches are presented to circumvent this issue. To obtain dynamic information on virus fusion, single virus tracing experiments were performed with high time resolution to investigate individual fusion events in real-time. In the case of foamy virus, sixteen fusion events, visualized by color separation, were observed. Thereof, four fusion events were observed at the plasma membrane and twelve fused with an endosomal membrane after endocytic uptake. Moreover, an intermediate stage during the fusion process of foamy viruses was identified that lasted over minutes. This stage was characterized by an increase in the distance between the fluorescent envelope and capsid signals before the final color separation event. Hence, it was possible for the first time to visualize single fusion events of foamy virus in real-time and characterize the corresponding dynamics. The results provide new insights into the entry pathway and fusion process of this unconventional retrovirus.

Tue, 25 Oct 2011 12:00:00 +0100 https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13648/ https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13648/1/Weitensteiner_Sabine.pdf Weitensteiner, Sabine