Podcasts about Asteraceae

Linda Levitt, Master Gardener Volunteer, rejoins Nature Calls: Conversations from the Hudson Valley with Flower Power Retrospective (Part 3) . In this episode you'll hear two previously aired short segments about flowers that have been compiled together for easier listening. In the first segment, Linda discusses how to grow popular fall flowers that include Mums, Asters and Montauk Daisies. Including these beautiful plants in your flower gardens will bring lots of fall color to your landscape. Chrysanthemums are a large genus in the Asteraceae (daisy) family. The plants can grow 2-4 feet tall with blooms that are white, yellow, or pink in the wild species, but also come in multiple cultivars with many colors and shapes of flowers. Mums are divided into garden hardy and exhibition types. Garden hardy mums can be planted in gardens while exhibition mums are more florist types and need special growing care. Garden mums are often sold in the fall but can be planted in the garden for the following year. They need organic soils in full sun but can tolerate some shade in the south. Be sure to cut the plants back in summer to encourage bushiness and a later bloom time. Use in the border, in pots, or on the patio or porch for fall color. Asters are also members of the Asteraceae family. They have daisy-like flowers and come in a variety of colors. They are easy to grow and require minimal maintenance. They typically bloom in late summer and fall, adding color as the seasons change. They have mounding as well as erect varieties and may be propagated by seeds, division, root cuttings, or stem cuttings. Deer, rabbits, and other mammals may nibble at the flower buds but they don't tend to eat the entire plant because of its pungent smell, bitter taste. The plant tolerates the nibbling, which serves as beneficial pruning. Asters are an important food and nesting source for wildlife. The Montauk Daisy (also known as the Nippon daisy) is native to Japan but cultivated as an ornamental elsewhere. This perennial tolerates light shade in hot climates. New growth may be cut back slightly in spring to maintain plant compactness and encourage bushy form. Removing spent flower heads may promote additional blooms. Divide clumps every 2-3 years to maintain vigor. It produces wonderful, long-lasting fresh-cut flowers. They are also good for drought-tolerant gardens. The second segment features Holiday plants including how to care for them. Amaryllis, Holiday Cactus and Poinsettias are all discussed. Amaryllis bulbs, native to Africa, come in various sizes. Amaryllis may be purchased as bare or planted bulbs, and are prized for their exotic trumpet-shaped flowers (typically red, white, pink, salmon, apricot, rose, or burgundy) on leafless stalks that can be 1-2 feet long. They add dramatic color to homes and gardens and make wonderful gifts to gardeners from beginners to experts. Amaryllis flowers, which can be single or double) range from 4 to 10 inches in size. The holiday cactus is a genus of succulent plants in the cactus family (Cactaceae) that are native to Southeast Brazil. This genus includes the Christmas and Thanksgiving cactus. It has fleshy stems, showy flowers and grows well as a houseplant, preferring moisture but adapting to a variety of home environments. It thrives in bright, indirect sunlight, but doesn't like direct sun. Periods of lower light in the fall will encourage winter blooms. They may be propagated by stem or root cuttings.The poinsettia is native to Mexico and Guatemala. In the United States, it is typically grown as a potted plant and is popular as a decorative flower (available in shades of red, pink, and white) during the holidays. The plant grows best in part shade at temperatures of 65 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit. Water the plant when the soil surface feels dry, but do not overwater. The cup-shaped yellow "flowers" bloom in the winter through the spring and cluster above showy red leafy bracts or modified leaves. We hope you've enjoyed this retrospective series. As Linda Levitt reminds us "don't forget to stop and smell the flowers'". Host: Jean Thomas Guest: Linda Levitt Photo by: Teresa Golden Production Support: Linda Aydlett, Deven Connelly, Teresa Golden, Tim Kennelty, Amy Meadow, Xandra Powers, Annie Scibienski, Jean Thomas Resources

This time Tenea and Kelsey discuss Rubber Rabbitbrush, or Ericameria nauseousa. This is a member of the Asteraceae family. Learn why we love this late blooming shrub and just love its beautiful, complicated bright yellow flower in contrast to its gray-green leaves. We also discuss the many uses of this plant by people and by jackrabbits. And the difference between zeroscaping and xeriscaping. Stick with us to hear some old dog breathing and Lexi's barks. Thank you so much for listening! Follow us on spotify and tell a friend about the podcast!Follow us on instagram where we post pictures every week @wildforwildflowerspodemail: ⁠wildforwildflowerspod@gmail.com⁠Reddit: Wild for WildflowersJoin our facebook community: Wild for WildlfowersCheck out Nicole's music on Bandcamp ⁠nforeman.bandcamp.com⁠ if you like the theme music!And don't forget to get outside and smell the wildflowers!

The woolly devil (Ovicula biradiata) is a fascinating and unique member of the daisy family (Asteraceae) that was only recently described to science. It was first found in Big Bend National Park in Texas and serves as an important reminder of not only the need for protecting wild places but also how little we still know about the natural world. Join me and Dr. Isaac Lichter Marck as we discuss what makes this plant unique, what it can teach us about plant evolution in stressful habitats, and what it takes to describe a new species. This episode was produced in part by Aaron, Gillian, Abi, Rich, Shad, Maddie, Owen, Linda, Alana, Sigma, Max, Richard, Maia, Rens, David, Robert, Thomas, Valerie, Joan, Mohsin Kazmi Photography, Cathy, Simon, Nick, Paul, Charis, EJ, Laura, Sung, NOK, Stephen, Heidi, Kristin, Luke, Sea, Shannon, Thomas, Will, Jamie, Waverly, Brent, Tanner, Rick, Kazys, Dorothy, Katherine, Emily, Theo, Nichole, Paul, Karen, Randi, Caelan, Tom, Don, Susan, Corbin, Keena, Robin, Peter, Whitney, Kenned, Margaret, Daniel, Karen, David, Earl, Jocelyn, Gary, Krysta, Elizabeth, Southern California Carnivorous Plant Enthusiasts, Pattypollinators, Peter, Judson, Ella, Alex, Dan, Pamela, Peter, Andrea, Nathan, Karyn, Michelle, Jillian, Chellie, Linda, Laura, Miz Holly, Christie, Carlos, Paleo Fern, Levi, Sylvia, Lanny, Ben, Lily, Craig, Sarah, Lor, Monika, Brandon, Jeremy, Suzanne, Kristina, Christine, Silas, Michael, Aristia, Felicidad, Lauren, Danielle, Allie, Jeffrey, Amanda, Tommy, Marcel, C Leigh, Karma, Shelby, Christopher, Alvin, Arek, Chellie, Dani, Paul, Dani, Tara, Elly, Colleen, Natalie, Nathan, Ario, Laura, Cari, Margaret, Mary, Connor, Nathan, Jan, Jerome, Brian, Azomonas, Ellie, University Greens, Joseph, Melody, Patricia, Matthew, Garrett, John, Ashley, Cathrine, Melvin, OrangeJulian, Porter, Jules, Griff, Joan, Megan, Marabeth, Les, Ali, Southside Plants, Keiko, Robert, Bryce, Wilma, Amanda, Helen, Mikey, Michelle, German, Joerg, Cathy, Tate, Steve, Kae, Carole, Mr. Keith Santner, Lynn, Aaron, Sara, Kenned, Brett, Jocelyn, Ethan, Sheryl, Runaway Goldfish, Ryan, Chris, Alana, Rachel, Joanna, Lori, Paul, Griff, Matthew, Bobby, Vaibhav, Steven, Joseph, Brandon, Liam, Hall, Jared, Brandon, Christina, Carly, Kazys, Stephen, Katherine, Manny, doeg, Daniel, Tim, Philip, Tim, Lisa, Brodie, Bendix, Irene, holly, Sara, and Margie.

Artemisia annua, also known as Sweet Wormwood or Qinghao, is an herb native to temperate regions of Asia, particularly China, where it has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. The essential oil derived from this plant is prized for its powerful antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Its aromatic profile, with fresh, herbal, and slightly camphoraceous notes, makes it popular in aromatherapy to cleanse the air, support respiratory health, and promote relaxation. Beyond its physical benefits, Sweet Wormwood is revered for its spiritual significance, often used in rituals to cleanse spaces of negative energy and foster emotional clarity. The plant itself is a member of the Asteraceae family and has feathery, green leaves and small, yellow flowers, blooming in the late summer. Known for its grounding qualities, the oil is a popular choice in meditative practices and emotional healing, helping to release deep-seated emotions and encourage inner balance. ABOUT ADAM BARRALET Adam Barralet has been observing and living in tune with nature since childhood. Growing up amongst the bushland and wildlife of the hills in Western Australia and residing in various locations around the world has presented Adam with diverse opportunities to access extensive and eclectic teachings about the secrets of Mother Earth. He has used essential oils for over 30 years and teams his experiences with his background in human biology, chemistry, psychology, health sciences and massage. He has now established himself as an international author, presenter, educator and Wellness Advocate, adept at working with essential oils, along with crystals, animal guides, tarot, astrology and mythology. CONNECT WITH ADAM HERE: https://linktr.ee/adambarralet ABOUT ELIZABETH ASHLEY Elizabeth Ashley has over 20 books on sale on Amazon under her pen name The Secret Healer. The UK Director of the National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy and an overseas speaker for The International Federation of Aromatherapists, Elizabeth's work focuses on understanding the very earliest energetic relationships between certain plants and the human world, right up the modern-day scientific evidence of healing botanicals. A practicing Melissa priestess, a plant and bee shamaness as well as a bee guardian, she has the unique perspective of having one foot in our three-dimensional scientific reality with the other dancing in the spiritual realms. CONNECT WITH LIZ HERE: https://linktr.ee/thesecrethealer

Welcome to the RHS Hampton Court Palace Garden Festival 2024! We're exploring the site and transporting you right to the heart of this buzzing showground. Anya Lautenbach – best known as ‘Anya the Garden Fairy' on Instagram, and RHS Ambassador and passionate plantsman Jamie Butterworth share some top tips on how to create a showstopping garden on a budget. Groundbreaking young garden designer Bea Tann illuminates the magic of moss and makes the case for what new build homes could benefit from embracing these prehistoric plants. Finally graduates of the London College of Garden Design show us just how versatile the Asteraceae (daisy) family can be in your garden. All this and more coming up on this special Hampton edition of Gardening with the RHS.   Presenters: Jenny Laville, Gareth Richards & Guy Barter   Contributors: Anya Lautenbach, Jamie Butterworth, Bea Tann, Brian Youngblut, Garden Girls Collective (Melissa Wilkinson, Rachel Barnard, Annie Shephard and Bev Small), Kate Campbell, Sally-Anne Rees and William Murray   Other links: RHS Hampton Court Palace Garden Festival tickets 10 thrifty tips from The Money-Saving Gardener The Magic of Moss All About Asteraceae   Contact: podcasts@rhs.org.uk

À l'occasion de la journée internationale de la santé des végétaux le 12 mai, faisant suite à la journée mondiale des espèces menacées le 11 mai, BSG rediffuse les épisodes sur quelques grandes familles de plantes !Les Apiacées, anciennement Ombellifères, comprennent près de 3.500 espèces. Elles sont surtout présentes dans les régions tempérées du monde. C'est l'une des plus importantes familles de plantes à fleurs, après les Orchidaceae, les Asteraceae (composées) de l'épisode précédent, et les Fabaceae (légumineuses) par le nombre d'espèces. Le nom vient d'Apium, qui désignait dans l'antiquité le céleri. Cette famille regroupe en particulier : l'anis vert, l'aneth, la berce, la carotte, le cerfeuil, le céleri, le persil, le panais, le fenouil, la coriandre, le cumin, l'angélique … Mis à part ces légumes ou condiments, 4 sont mortellement toxiques comme la Grande ciguë, la Petite ciguë, l'Œnanthe safranée et le Cerfeuil des fous. Un moyen mnémotechnique permet de les distinguer en France : «s'il y a des poils, c'est au poil», les ombellifères toxiques mortelles n'étant pas poilues. Attention, c'est juste indicatif car les dangers de confusion restent forts et le cueilleur ne doit pas oublier l'existence d'exceptions : certaines ombellifères poilues, sans être mortelles, sont toxiques (par exemple les chérophylles, qui présentent des poils). Les Apiacées présentent 4 caractéristiques : Inflorescence, typique, est une ombelle;Feuilles alternes, très découpées ;Tige creuse et dotée de canaux sécréteurs de résines et d'essences odorantes ;Fruits secs doubles (diakènes)._______ Le Chemin de la Nature (CDN), fondé en 2011 par Christophe de Hody, a pour objectif de transmettre la connaissance des plantes sauvages, des champignons et de leurs usages au plus grand nombre.Il propose des ateliers et stages hebdomadaires, mais également des formations en ligne qui permettent aux amoureux de la nature d'acquérir des connaissances solides sur les plantes et les champignons sauvages et leurs usages._______

Marigold, genus of about 50 species of annual herbs of the aster family (Asteraceae), native to southwestern North America, tropical America, and South America.

Join two Montana gals Kelsey and Tenea while they discuss another flower from the Asteraceae family called Pearly Everlasting! Explore the uniqueness of this fall blooming flower. Do you know how to say involucre? Well, either do we! Do these flowers look like little snowballs? You decide! Thank you so much for listening and as always, don't forget to get outside and smell the wildflowers!!! If you like the show, tell a friend and subscribe on whatever platform you are listening to us on. You can email us at wildforwildflowerspod@gmail.com and follow us on instagram to see pictures of the flowers that go along with each episode @wildforwildflowerspod We have new music!! This music was written and recorded by Cole Brickell our sibling! You can find their music on Bandcamp cbrickell.bandcamp.com

Rants about Brazilian Atlantic Forests and Cerrado (Seh-Haddo) vegetation, seasonal dryness caused by the ITCZ and Earth's Axis of rotation, converge traits of sclerophyll leaves among unrelated plants families, bizarre members of Asteraceae, Tree Vernonias, Xeric Aroids and Bromeliads, and much more.This show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/5634537/advertisement

In today's episode we talk about Sochan with Nico Albert Willaims of Burning Cedar Sovereign Wellness. Sochan is a member of the Asteraceae family (Daisy family) and is an important plant in Cherokee cuisine. In addition to being a great perennial vegetable for humans to eat, thisplant offers leaves for the caterpillars of several moths and butterflies, flowers for many pollinators and seeds for migrating and overwintering birds. They are also tough enough to be planted in spots where invasive plants have recently been removed. You can purchase Sochan plants from Aaron's nursery Here, with a portion of sales going to support Burning Cedar. You can follow Nico's work at BurningCedar.org or on Facebook / Instagram. You can support her work by donating to Burning Cedar! In the interview we mention the study Testing the Nutrient Composition of Perennial Vegetables in Denmark, Sweden, and the United States (PDF) Nico mentions the Eastern Cherokee returning to harvesting Sochan in the Great Smokey Mountains National Park, which you can read about Here

Baccharis halimifolia is a North American species of shrubs in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Nova Scotia, the eastern and southern United States (from Massachusetts south to Florida and west to Texas and Oklahoma), eastern Mexico (Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Quintana Roo), the Bahamas, and Cuba.

Les Apiacées, anciennement Ombellifères, comprennent près de 3.500 espèces. Elles sont surtout présentes dans les régions tempérées du monde. C'est l'une des plus importantes familles de plantes à fleurs, après les Orchidaceae, les Asteraceae (composées) de l'épisode précédent, et les Fabaceae (légumineuses) par le nombre d'espèces.   Le nom vient d'Apium, qui désignait dans l'antiquité le céleri.   Cette famille regroupe en particulier : l'anis vert, l'aneth, la berce, la carotte, le cerfeuil, le céleri, le persil, le panais, le fenouil, la coriandre, le cumin, l'angélique … Mis à part ces légumes ou condiments, 4 sont mortellement toxiques comme la Grande ciguë, la Petite ciguë, l'Œnanthe safranée et le Cerfeuil des fous.   Un moyen mnémotechnique permet de les distinguer en France est : «s'il y a des poils, c'est au poil», les ombellifères toxiques mortelles n'étant pas poilues.   Attention, c'est juste indicatif car les dangers de confusion restent forts et le cueilleur ne doit pas oublier l'existence d'exceptions : certaines ombellifères poilues, sans être mortelles, sont toxiques (par exemple les chérophylles, qui présentent des poils).   Les Apiacées présentent 4 caractéristiques :  Inflorescence, typique, est une ombelle; Feuilles alternes, très découpées ; Tige creuse et dotée de canaux sécréteurs de résines et d'essences odorantes ; Fruits secs doubles (diakènes). _______   Le Chemin de la Nature (CDN), fondé en 2011 par Christophe de Hody, a pour objectif de transmettre la connaissance des plantes sauvages, des champignons et de leurs usages au plus grand nombre. Il propose des ateliers et stages hebdomadaires, mais également des formations en ligne qui permettent aux amoureux de la nature d'acquérir des connaissances solides sur les plantes et les champignons sauvages et leurs usages. _______

Degenerative arthritis is the same as Osteoarthritis and is at the stage where functional changes during arthritis or rheumatoid arthritis begin to take on degenerative changes. |Remember that when allopathic medicine determines a disease, they take individuals with a similar set of common symptoms and take out anything rare and peculiar.  As homeopaths we take the common symptoms out of our repertory and have to find the rare and peculiar, as well as the pain and the modalities to find a well indicated remedy for our patient.  The joints change form and the pain becomes unbearable.  When there is a change in structure in the body, especially when there is pain and disintegration there are remedies like those in the Asteraceae family and in the Acid Remedies that do amazingly for this ‘more than pain, pain'. Books recommended: Mangialavaori, Massimo. Acids in Homeopathy.  Naryana Verlag Publishers, 2005 Shinghal, J.N. Quick Bed-side Prescriber. Sixth Revised & Enlarged Edition. B. Jain Publishers (P) Ltd, 1984. Question of the day: Does anyone have the right to take away your right to use natural medicine according to the way the body needs in order to heal? NO! All views presented are based on credible sources, but they are explained through the individual's viewpoint.  Doing your own research while integrating new information is always important when forming your own viewpoint. The information in this podcast is not meant to address individual health needs, it is general in nature and should not be used as medical information for your health unless used in combination with your health practitioner.  

It''s true that every year I jump and shout about the fall blooming plants in the Aster family (Asteraceae) and I proclaim that there should be a festival to celebrate these wonderful fall bloomers. It's a tradition I guess …me getting excited about fall bloomers…I mean the plants, well they do their thing whether I get excited or not. Anyway, how fun to come across clumps of Gregg's mistflower out in the desert scrub. What a marvelous plant! Its botanical name used to be Eupatorium greggii and that was fun, because I could jabber about Mithradates VI Eupator, the king of Pontus in northern Anatolia, not to mention the botanist, explorer and plant collector Josiah Gregg. Lucky you the listener that I ran out of time. Gregg's mistflower (Conoclinum dissectum) is an amazing butterfly magnet and as I mentioned it's grown commercially and is no doubt available at your favorite nursery. Very cool! The photos are mine. I hope they inspire you get out into desert, the foothills or the sky islands this fall. What a season!

It''s true that every year I jump and shout about the fall blooming plants in the Aster family (Asteraceae) and I proclaim that there should be a festival to celebrate these wonderful fall bloomers. It's a tradition I guess …me getting excited about fall bloomers…I mean the plants, well they do their thing whether I get excited or not. Anyway, how fun to come across clumps of Gregg's mistflower out in the desert scrub. What a marvelous plant! Its botanical name used to be Eupatorium greggii and that was fun, because I could jabber about Mithradates VI Eupator, the king of Pontus in northern Anatolia, not to mention the botanist, explorer and plant collector Josiah Gregg. Lucky you the listener that I ran out of time. Gregg's mistflower (Conoclinum dissectum) is an amazing butterfly magnet and as I mentioned it's grown commercially and is no doubt available at your favorite nursery. Very cool! The photos are mine. I hope they inspire you get out into desert, the foothills or the sky islands this fall. What a season!

Vernonia noveboracensis (New York ironweed or vein-leaf hawkweed) is a plant in the daisy family, Asteraceae. It is native to the eastern United States, from Florida to Massachusetts and west to Tennessee, Alabama, and West Virginia and to southern Ontario.

What type of teacher is a plant teacher, and what type of teachers do plant energies becomes? As we have with the other two kingdoms, we will look today at the teacher from the plant kingdom. Despite my incorrect numbering of the last narrative…lol…this is in fact, narrative 22, a narrative on The Teacher from the Plant Kingdom.  Looking at the sensitivities of people is looking at how they are predisposed to judge.  Instead of saying, well teachers should probably not be, they are by definition because they share what they learned.  The compensation of plants makes them more sensitive to others and also more predisposed to helping students avoid doing or learning something by preventing the same thing from happening to them, but life is about life happening and not avoiding it because sometime in the past something bad happened to you.  Health is the flexibility to have the experience and move on naturally without holding on to the past. Students are not encouraged to venture out of their comfort zones and as a result may be prevented from experiencing life for themselves.  The obsession with safety and avoiding being hurt is a sensitivity of all kingdoms, but for animals it is about avoiding being hurt to keep from being seen as not strong enough to play their part in the group, minerals accept weakness as part of the structure, but plants are highly sensitive to pain on all levels – physical, emotional, mental and spiritual and as seen in Sankaran's sensation method we see a compensation happening with plants that attempt to avoid the exact experience that defines them.  Teachers from the plant kingdom may be the elementary school teachers. Being the stronger one who keeps the vulnerable safe from being hurt can be seen in the compostitae or Asteraceae family whose compensation is to be so hurt and trampled that they work at preventing others from being hurt; so does the coniferae and pinales who feel brittle and frail and help others get support who feel that way.  The anacardiaceae know what it is like to not be able to move and how much better they are if always on the move.  Being a gym teacher and encouraging kids to keep moving and exercising and walking it out would be where this teacher would find their expression.  Being a teacher is about learning and then teaching, but in today's public education system it has become a case of many people being mentally unbalanced where they cannot see the difference between the reality in front of them and the fears that provide them with the reassuring compensation that no matter how they are experiencing the world, they can prevent others from doing it.  The righteousness that pervades discourse today seems to be full of it.  People are not allowed to express their own perspectives without the other being offended, and offended is hurt on a mental level.  How many of those teachers do we see who behave as bullies themselves, but are in fact looking to be the tough guy to shield and protect others so they won't be hurt, a compensation of the daisy and sunflower family. A carpenter will teach to prefer one wood over another because of their natural understanding of woods, but also for their preference as seen in the compensations.  Here our language and the language of the learning experience shows the energy of the connection between the helper and the one who needs help.  The elementary teacher in her classroom with allocated stations and specific activities in those stations, like a garden that has certain places for each plant and each plant's needs are met there.  The right amount of sun, shade, water, hydration and attention given to each individual grouping of people in their allocated spots.  Not allowing any movement as that would mess up the garden. Interesting the word kindergarten. Question for today: How does being on a medication for years impact our mental decisions? All views presented are based on credible sources, but they are explained through the individual's viewpoint.  Doing your own research while integrating new information is always important when forming your own viewpoint. The information in this podcast is not meant to address individual health needs, it is general in nature and should not be used as medical information for your health unless used in combination with your health practitioner.

Flowers are so much fun to study during nature walks! In this episode, learn about daisies and the Asteraceae family as you enjoy a wildflower nature walk challenge. Bring along a nature journal and colored pencils. Feel free to also bring a magnifying glass if you want. For show notes and episode downloads, go to ourjourneywestward.com/daisy-nature-study/. ←Find still images of daisies here, too! Join No Sweat Nature Study LIVE at NoSweatNatureStudy.com. Use the code NOSWEAT for 50% off your first month of a monthly membership. Explore even more flower families in the Flower Families No Sweat Nature Study digital curriculum found in the Our Journey Westward Shop. Learn about all types of flowers in the Wonderful Wildflowers NaturExplorers curriculum found in the Our Journey Westward Shop. Learn about flower life cycles in The Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant No Sweat Nature Study digital curriculum found in the Our Journey Westward Shop. Get this season's Podcast Plus+ Packet for free! Scroll to the bottom of the daisy show notes page. The packet includes this season's podcast schedule, reference pages to the Handbook of Nature Study, supporting curriculum suggestions, and a list of Mrs. Cindy's most used nature study supplies. Leave Mrs. Cindy a voice message to answer the current season's question! Scroll to the bottom of the daisy show notes page. Share pictures of your nature journal pages on Instagram or Facebook. Be sure to tag @OurJourneyWestward so Mrs. Cindy will be sure to see them! Please subscribe to the podcast and leave a rating and review if you're enjoying the episodes. :)

The genus Artemisia is in the sunflower family Asteraceae and there are over 200 species found around the world in the northern hemisphere. Well, there are a few oddballs that show up elsewhere, but mainly the northern hemisphere. In Arizona Artemisia dracunculus is one of the 14 species of Artemisia found in the wild. Our native tarragon isn't going to compete with the domesticated Old World cultivars in pungency, but I'm guessing one could start finding the more flavorful wild plants and come up with some nice selections…or not. At our place I could be out on the land for along time looking for flavor among the kazillion plants. As the King of Tarragonia I'm thinking I will need some serfs…er, helpers to do the taste tests. Lemme know if that interests you. You'll be working on the new flavorful borderlands tarragon called Little Dragon. The photo is mine of new shoots coming from last year’s old stems. And thanks to my son in law Jared for reminding me that the plant really is tarragon. Really!

The genus Artemisia is in the sunflower family Asteraceae and there are over 200 species found around the world in the northern hemisphere. Well, there are a few oddballs that show up elsewhere, but mainly the northern hemisphere. In Arizona Artemisia dracunculus is one of the 14 species of Artemisia found in the wild. Our native tarragon isn't going to compete with the domesticated Old World cultivars in pungency, but I'm guessing one could start finding the more flavorful wild plants and come up with some nice selections…or not. At our place I could be out on the land for along time looking for flavor among the kazillion plants. As the King of Tarragonia I'm thinking I will need some serfs…er, helpers to do the taste tests. Lemme know if that interests you. You'll be working on the new flavorful borderlands tarragon called Little Dragon. The photo is mine of new shoots coming from last year’s old stems. And thanks to my son in law Jared for reminding me that the plant really is tarragon. Really!

Have you ever wished upon a dandelion?  Those little puffballs that grow in your front yard, and if you blow away all the seeds you get a wish? By blowing away the seeds, you've actually granted the dandelion's wish of seed dispersal and helped one of the earth's most abundant flowering species. Dandelions, also known as blowballs,  are tap-rooted, perennial, herbaceous plants native to temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere. These plants, which many humans often call weeds, are actually an important part of the ecosystem and are incredibly useful to many creatures, including humans. Our ancestors grew dandelions for food and medicine since the beginning of farming.In The Good, The Bad, The NewsJust because it's called “natural” doesn't mean it's good. “Black salves”, used to treat moles and cancer, are dangerous and can be life-threatening. So don't use them.Mosquitoes learn to avoid pesticides after just one exposure, which means the pesticides we currently use may not be effective forever. Mosquitoes may be one thing that is not Better Than Human. Old wind turbine blades are being used for bridge construction after they're retired, which is good news because the blades are not biodegradable. Humpback whales have been removed from the Australian Threatened Species List following an incredible recovery in numbers.Because Dandelions are one of the first flowers in early spring, their nectar is important for a wide hosts of pollinators, including bees and butterflies. Raw dandelion greens are a healthy food for humans, and contain phytochemicals. Phytochemicals are chemicals produced by plants, generally to help them resist infection. The term is used to  used to describe plant compounds that are under research. While many supplement companies make outlandish claims about phytochemicals, like they can cure cancer, phytochemicals may or may not actually be useful to humans when consumed.  Either way, dandelions don't cure cancer. But they may be good in your salad and are great for the environment. So let's all go blow on some blowballs. Listen now to learn more about dandelions Follow us on Twitter @betterthanhuma1on Facebook @betterthanhumanpodcaston Instagram @betterthanhumanpodcasthttps://www.tiktok.com/@betterthanhumanpodcastor Email us at betterthanhumanpodcast@gmail.comWe look forward to hearing from you, and we look forward to you joining our cult of weirdness!#betterthanhuman #cultofweirdnes

Steve tries to pronounce Asteraceae. Later Christian explains Edelweiss and trough gardening. The conversation then shifts to a desert bush, chimney fires, Ötzi the Ice Man and Dune. Sponsored by Rocket Greens!Show Notes!An article on trough gardeningThe Mystical and Mythical EdelweissFacts about chimney firesThe Wikipedia on CreosoteKing Clone on Atlas ObscuraCopper in Ötzi the Iceman's ax came from surprisingly far awayH.R. Giger on DuneAlien FondueListen to Christian Kriegeskotte's LYNXX project

Carolyn Sanders & Rob Manson (CRGreenFarm.com) join Chase Nobles, CEO of Kush.com in this HempList Podcast! Carolyn Sanders & Rob Manson share their story and how they got to growing over 800 hemp plants last year in Western Washington State. While managing day jobs, and aiming for retirement, Carolyn & Rob turned about 1 acre of the family farm (an established foraging pasture that contains Clover, Annual Winter Rye Grass, Pasture Grass, Alfalfa, and Asteraceae) into a thriving outdoor hemp plot! They have tips, tricks, and plenty of advice for anyone growing hemp in a small to medium outdoor setting. They also discuss the general life of homesteading in WA, growing your own food, and managing everything as a couple. This was a great light hearted conversation to start out the new year! Make sure to subscribe to the channel, we'll be back every week with more inspiring hemp / cannabis interviews.. Create your account now at Kush.com to buy or sell legal hemp products.

Xanthisma gracilis is an annual and found all over the southwest and into Mexico as well. Duh. A common name is slender goldenweed or spiny zinnia. I do love the botanical Xanthisma. It sounds like a medication, doesn't it, and if you did a little homework you'd find out that it does have some medicinal uses. I was driving to Bisbee recently and saw stands of flowering tarbush and that is what somehow inspired this show about the different biotic communities that surround us here in the borderlands. Tarbush, Flourensia cernua, and creosote, Larrea tridentata, are the predominate plants in that wonderful piece of Chihuahuan desert scrub just outside of town. That's two species that also might be fun to do a little homework on and find their medicinal uses as well, so now you have an assignment. Oh, and if you get out of your truck and wander through that desert scrub it only gets better botanically. I do recommend that. The photos are mine. You can see the classic aster flower head of the Xanthisma and also the nodding flower heads of the Flourensia that the specific epithet cernua is refers to. The phrase nodding heads reminds me of Art History 101 at the University of Arizona and my nodding head during lectures.

Note : Interview starts around minute 24:00 Recording quality on first 9 minutes of interview is lousy but improves after there after so sit still and wait it out ya schmuck.   The sunflower family, Asteraceae, does some wild things - morphologically, evolutionarily and ecologically speaking - in the Southern Part of the African continent, especially in the tribes Calenduleae (think trichomes & stinky, oily glands), Gnaphalieae (paper daisies), and Arctotideae (the infamous "beetle daisies").    In this episode, I speak with Nicola Bergh, the curator for the family Asteraceae at the Compton Herbarium at Kirstenbosch Botanic Garden in Cape Town, to explore just what the hell has gone on with this family in the evolutionary past and how various tribes and subfamilies have dispersed and radiated in Southern Africa.  

"Can I tell you about one more plant?” could be my catchphrase at this point, but thank god I got someone to listen--my brother Joey! After we chat about the wonders of Wikipedia, I explain how I accidentally bought and subsequently learned about native plants. We get into the whole native plant debate as well as the conversation about whether cultivars of natives really count. I name some of my favorite native plants of the East Coast, and we decide that when it comes down to it, we're all annuals. SHOW NOTES: The wikipedia page for Mary Kay Bergman is indeed as sad as Joey claimed. Keep listening to this podcast, because Joey's other wikipedia page is getting its own episode. And, as Joey mentioned, the wikipedia page for Natalie Wood gives an overview of her very sad and mysterious death. Both daisies and asters come from the same family, Asteraceae (of which sunflowers are also a part!). Though daisies grow all over the U.S. at this point, they are native to Europe and Asia, whereas the majority of what we call “asters” (now classified in the genus Symphyotrichum, which is confusing) are native to North America. Peachy Pie Rose is not a real name for a type of rose but here are some actual rose cultivar names: Cherished Pet, Miss Congeniality, Love Always, Eyes for You. You can look up the studies on native species vs. native cultivars on PiedmontMasterGardeners.org. The article "The Native Plants Debate" on Winterbloomfarm.com outlines both sides and recommends some books if you want to read the anti-native plant movement point of view. I was fairly correct about the life cycle of trillium! They take five to seven years to bloom, and they actually spread seed once they start blooming, but then, of course, it takes another several years for that seed to grow into other mature, flowering trillium plants. Check out researchholepodcast.com for expanded show notes with pictures! And follow me at @vhowlett on instagram if you want more of this sort of thing.

Não é por acaso que as primeiras menções a ervas daninhas remontam aos tempos bíblicos. A presença de plantas que interferem negativamente na cultura principal do produtor é um incômodo que há milênios atravanca plantações. Segundo a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), o problema pode acarretar em estragos que vão desde a queda na qualidade dos produtos até as perdas substanciais na colheita. Ainda de acordo com o órgão, estima-se que os déficits ocasionados pelas ervas daninhas possam chegar a uma média de 13% a 15% da produção de grãos. Esse tipo de planta é persistente. Em boa parte, isso se deve a um potencial atípico para se desenvolver nos mais variados ambientes: dos lugares secos aos úmidos, das temperaturas baixas às elevadas e nos mais diversos tipos de solo. A expansão pelo campo tende a ser rápida e abrupta, já que elas conseguem originar sementes viáveis em abundância, sob as mais distintas formas de dispersão. Outro potencial dessas espécies é a resistência: elas são fortes e conseguem resistir bem a pragas e doenças. É exatamente pelo seu poder de sobreviver sob as mais diversas condições que as ervas daninhas se tornam grandes competidoras por luz, água e nutrientes. Quais são as plantas consideradas ervas daninhas? Segundo a Embrapa, a maioria das 350 mil espécies conhecidas são fonte de “dor de cabeça” para o produtor rural. Elas crescem sobre as culturas e comprometem a produção, mas nem todas são um problema. O órgão afirma que 3 mil delas são cultivadas como alguns tipos de capim, sendo úteis à alimentação de animais. Ainda dentro desse total de dezenas de milhares de espécies identificadas, por volta de 250 mil são universalmente consideradas plantas daninhas. Em torno de 40% delas pertencem a apenas duas famílias: Poaceae (gramíneas) e Asteraceae (compostas). Sobre este tema, vamos conversar com Guilherme Bráz, presidente da 32ª Edição do Congresso Brasileiro da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, que acontecerá em julho do próximo ano na cidade de Rio Verde, GO. Engenheiro Agrônomo, graduado em Agronomia pela Universidade de Rio Verde. Mestre e Doutor em Agronomia, na área de Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, pela Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Realizou parte do seu Doutorado na Universidade de Flórida, em Gainesville (EUA). Atualmente, compõem o quadro de docentes da Faculdade de Agronomia da Universidade de Rio Verde, e é docente permanente no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal desta instituição. Também Atua como Editor Associado na revista Advances in Weed Science e Editor-chefe na Weed Control Journal. Vem comigo! GUILHERME BRAGA PEREIRA BRAZ   Graduado em Agronomia pela Universidade de Rio Verde. Mestre e Doutor em Agronomia, na área de Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, pela Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Realizou parte do Doutorado na Universidade de Flórida, em Gainesville (EUA). Atualmente, compõem o quadro de docentes da Faculdade de Agronomia da Universidade de Rio Verde, e é docente permanente no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal desta instituição. Atua como Editor Associado na revista Advances in Weed Science e Editor-chefe na Weed Control Journal. Será o presidente da 32ª Edição do Congresso Brasileiro da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas.   Graduado em Agronomia pela Universidade de Rio Verde (2010). Título de Mestre (2012) e Doutor (2016) obtido no Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Área de concentração: Proteção de Plantas) da Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Realizou estágio na University of Florida pelo Programa de Doutorado Sanduíche no Exterior (PDSE/CAPES). Realizou estágio de Pós-doutoramento (PDJ/CNPq) no Núcleo de Estudos Avançados em Ciência das Plantas Daninhas (NAPD) vinculado à Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Atualmente, compõe o quadro de docentes da Faculdade de Agronomia da Universidade de Rio Verde, campus Rio Verde (GO), e é docente permanente do Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal (PPGPV) da Universidade de Rio Verde. Orienta três alunos de pós-graduação (nível Mestrado) e três bolsistas de Iniciação Científica. Atua como revisor Ad-hoc em periódicos indexados, emitindo pareceres na área de Ciência das Plantas Daninhas e Fitotecnia. Possui como foco a participação de projetos de pesquisa relacionados aos temas: controle químico de plantas daninhas, métodos alternativos para o manejo de plantas daninhas, seletividade de herbicidas à diferentes culturas.   FORMAÇÃO ACADÊMICA   PÓS-DOUTORADO   2016 - 2017   Pós-Doutorado. , Universidade Estadual de Maringá, UEM, Brasil. , Bolsista do(a): Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, Brasil. , Grande área: Ciências Agrárias   Doutorado em Agronomia   2012 - 2016   Universidade Estadual de Maringá Título: Crotalária: herbicidas seletivos e não seletivos e reação a nematoides Orientador: em University of Florida ( Carlene Ann Chase) com Rubem Silvério de Oliveira Júnior. Coorientador: Jamil Constantin. Bolsista do(a): Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES, Brasil. Palavras-chave: Crotalaria spectabilis; controle de plantas voluntárias; seletividade de herbicidas; fitonematoides.Grande área: Ciências Agrárias   Mestrado em Agronomia   2010 - 2012   Universidade Estadual de Maringá Título: Pyrithiobac-sodium: Atividade residual sobre plantas daninhas e seletividade da mistura com amonio-glufosinate em algodoeiro transgênico liberty link,Ano de Obtenção: 2012 Rubem Silvério de Oliveira Júnior.Coorientador: Jamil Constantin. Bolsista do(a): Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, Brasil. Palavras-chave: Algodoeiro; pyrithiobac-sodium; Atividade residual; Persistência.Grande área: Ciências Agrárias   Graduação em Agronomia   2006 - 2010   Universidade de Rio Verde Título: Crescimento e produtividade de soja convencional e transgênica RR em função do manejo de dessecação e de herbicidas em pós-emergência Orientador: Gustavo Adolfo Pazzetti Ordoñez Bolsista do(a): Perdigão Agroindustrial S/A, PERDIGÃO, Brasil. https://linktr.ee/academiadoagro ± https://podfollow.com/academia-do-agro ................ ²Para assinar e ouvir o podcast: Spotify: https://spoti.fi/33WG1dw Deezer: https://bit.ly/2VOuubA Apple: https://apple.co/3oyQzax Google: https://bit.ly/3lWvpS7 Amazon: https://bit.ly/34xCWRe YouTube: https://bit.ly/3mZop7p ................ VParticipe da Academia: https://t.me/ADA_AcademiaDoAgro Links Citados no Episódio https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Guilherme-Braz-2 https://www.escavador.com/sobre/6849444/guilherme-braga-pereira-braz https://www.embrapa.br/tema-plantas-daninhas/perguntas-e-respostas https://www.aprovaconcursos.com.br/questoes-de-concurso/questoes/assunto/Plantas+daninhas https://maxweeds.rbind.io/pt/post/planta-daninha-brasil/ https://summitagro.estadao.com.br/noticias-do-campo/quais-sao-os-riscos-das-ervas-daninhas-e-como-controla-las/ Interaja com  GUILHERME BRAGA PEREIRA BRAZ Celular / Whatsapp: 064 9 8102-4617 Email: guilhermebrag@gmail.com   Interaja com a ACADEMIA DO AGRO LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/waldir.franzini Instagram:- www.instagram.com/academiadoagro Twitter: @academiadoagro Telegram: @academiadoagro Facebook: /academiadoagro Celular-Whatsapp: 062 9 9700 7049 E-mail: waldir.franzini@academiadoagro.net.br ACOMPANHE A REDE AGROCAST https://www.redeagrocast.com.br/ Somos da Agrocast. A primeira rede de podcasts do agronegócio brasileiro e tem o objetivo de aumentar o consumo da mídia pelo setor, bem como estimular a criação de novos podcasts do agro. Rede Agrocast: @redeagrocast Academia do Agro: @academiadoagro Agro Resenha: @agroresenha Bendito Agro: @benditoagro Bug Bites: @bugbitespodcast Cachaça, Prosa & Viola :@cpvpodcast Esalqast: @esalqast Mundo Agro Podcast: @mundoagropodcast Notícias do Front: @noticias_do_front Papo Agro: @papoagropodcast Rumen Cast: @rumencast   Apoio: Alba Incorporadora Ltda.   Ficha Técnica: Produção: Waldir Franzini Edição/masterização - A Fabrica de Podcast - https://www.afabricadepodcast.com.br/ Musica: CC BY  - CC BY SA http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/   Se você tem alguma sugestão de pauta, reclamação ou dúvida envie um e-mail para contato@academiadoagro.net.br  | waldir.franzini@gmail.com | Whatsapp: 062 99700-7049  

Não é por acaso que as primeiras menções a ervas daninhas remontam aos tempos bíblicos. A presença de plantas que interferem negativamente na cultura principal do produtor é um incômodo que há milênios atravanca plantações. Segundo a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), o problema pode acarretar em estragos que vão desde a queda na qualidade dos produtos até as perdas substanciais na colheita. Ainda de acordo com o órgão, estima-se que os déficits ocasionados pelas ervas daninhas possam chegar a uma média de 13% a 15% da produção de grãos. Esse tipo de planta é persistente. Em boa parte, isso se deve a um potencial atípico para se desenvolver nos mais variados ambientes: dos lugares secos aos úmidos, das temperaturas baixas às elevadas e nos mais diversos tipos de solo. A expansão pelo campo tende a ser rápida e abrupta, já que elas conseguem originar sementes viáveis em abundância, sob as mais distintas formas de dispersão. Outro potencial dessas espécies é a resistência: elas são fortes e conseguem resistir bem a pragas e doenças. É exatamente pelo seu poder de sobreviver sob as mais diversas condições que as ervas daninhas se tornam grandes competidoras por luz, água e nutrientes. Quais são as plantas consideradas ervas daninhas? Segundo a Embrapa, a maioria das 350 mil espécies conhecidas são fonte de “dor de cabeça” para o produtor rural. Elas crescem sobre as culturas e comprometem a produção, mas nem todas são um problema. O órgão afirma que 3 mil delas são cultivadas como alguns tipos de capim, sendo úteis à alimentação de animais. Ainda dentro desse total de dezenas de milhares de espécies identificadas, por volta de 250 mil são universalmente consideradas plantas daninhas. Em torno de 40% delas pertencem a apenas duas famílias: Poaceae (gramíneas) e Asteraceae (compostas). Sobre este tema, vamos conversar com Guilherme Bráz, presidente da 32ª Edição do Congresso Brasileiro da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, que acontecerá em julho do próximo ano na cidade de Rio Verde, GO. Engenheiro Agrônomo, graduado em Agronomia pela Universidade de Rio Verde. Mestre e Doutor em Agronomia, na área de Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, pela Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Realizou parte do seu Doutorado na Universidade de Flórida, em Gainesville (EUA). Atualmente, compõem o quadro de docentes da Faculdade de Agronomia da Universidade de Rio Verde, e é docente permanente no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal desta instituição. Também Atua como Editor Associado na revista Advances in Weed Science e Editor-chefe na Weed Control Journal. Vem comigo! GUILHERME BRAGA PEREIRA BRAZ   Graduado em Agronomia pela Universidade de Rio Verde. Mestre e Doutor em Agronomia, na área de Ciência das Plantas Daninhas, pela Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Realizou parte do Doutorado na Universidade de Flórida, em Gainesville (EUA). Atualmente, compõem o quadro de docentes da Faculdade de Agronomia da Universidade de Rio Verde, e é docente permanente no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal desta instituição. Atua como Editor Associado na revista Advances in Weed Science e Editor-chefe na Weed Control Journal. Será o presidente da 32ª Edição do Congresso Brasileiro da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas.   Graduado em Agronomia pela Universidade de Rio Verde (2010). Título de Mestre (2012) e Doutor (2016) obtido no Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Área de concentração: Proteção de Plantas) da Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Realizou estágio na University of Florida pelo Programa de Doutorado Sanduíche no Exterior (PDSE/CAPES). Realizou estágio de Pós-doutoramento (PDJ/CNPq) no Núcleo de Estudos Avançados em Ciência das Plantas Daninhas (NAPD) vinculado à Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Atualmente, compõe o quadro de docentes da Faculdade de Agronomia da Universidade de Rio Verde, campus Rio Verde (GO), e é docente permanente do Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal (PPGPV) da Universidade de Rio Verde. Orienta três alunos de pós-graduação (nível Mestrado) e três bolsistas de Iniciação Científica. Atua como revisor Ad-hoc em periódicos indexados, emitindo pareceres na área de Ciência das Plantas Daninhas e Fitotecnia. Possui como foco a participação de projetos de pesquisa relacionados aos temas: controle químico de plantas daninhas, métodos alternativos para o manejo de plantas daninhas, seletividade de herbicidas à diferentes culturas.   FORMAÇÃO ACADÊMICA   PÓS-DOUTORADO   2016 - 2017   Pós-Doutorado. , Universidade Estadual de Maringá, UEM, Brasil. , Bolsista do(a): Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, Brasil. , Grande área: Ciências Agrárias   Doutorado em Agronomia   2012 - 2016   Universidade Estadual de Maringá Título: Crotalária: herbicidas seletivos e não seletivos e reação a nematoides Orientador: em University of Florida ( Carlene Ann Chase) com Rubem Silvério de Oliveira Júnior. Coorientador: Jamil Constantin. Bolsista do(a): Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES, Brasil. Palavras-chave: Crotalaria spectabilis; controle de plantas voluntárias; seletividade de herbicidas; fitonematoides.Grande área: Ciências Agrárias   Mestrado em Agronomia   2010 - 2012   Universidade Estadual de Maringá Título: Pyrithiobac-sodium: Atividade residual sobre plantas daninhas e seletividade da mistura com amonio-glufosinate em algodoeiro transgênico liberty link,Ano de Obtenção: 2012 Rubem Silvério de Oliveira Júnior.Coorientador: Jamil Constantin. Bolsista do(a): Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, Brasil. Palavras-chave: Algodoeiro; pyrithiobac-sodium; Atividade residual; Persistência.Grande área: Ciências Agrárias   Graduação em Agronomia   2006 - 2010   Universidade de Rio Verde Título: Crescimento e produtividade de soja convencional e transgênica RR em função do manejo de dessecação e de herbicidas em pós-emergência Orientador: Gustavo Adolfo Pazzetti Ordoñez Bolsista do(a): Perdigão Agroindustrial S/A, PERDIGÃO, Brasil. https://linktr.ee/academiadoagro ± https://podfollow.com/academia-do-agro ................ ²Para assinar e ouvir o podcast: Spotify: https://spoti.fi/33WG1dw Deezer: https://bit.ly/2VOuubA Apple: https://apple.co/3oyQzax Google: https://bit.ly/3lWvpS7 Amazon: https://bit.ly/34xCWRe YouTube: https://bit.ly/3mZop7p ................ VParticipe da Academia: https://t.me/ADA_AcademiaDoAgro Links Citados no Episódio https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Guilherme-Braz-2 https://www.escavador.com/sobre/6849444/guilherme-braga-pereira-braz https://www.embrapa.br/tema-plantas-daninhas/perguntas-e-respostas https://www.aprovaconcursos.com.br/questoes-de-concurso/questoes/assunto/Plantas+daninhas https://maxweeds.rbind.io/pt/post/planta-daninha-brasil/ https://summitagro.estadao.com.br/noticias-do-campo/quais-sao-os-riscos-das-ervas-daninhas-e-como-controla-las/ Interaja com  GUILHERME BRAGA PEREIRA BRAZ Celular / Whatsapp: 064 9 8102-4617 Email: guilhermebrag@gmail.com   Interaja com a ACADEMIA DO AGRO LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/waldir.franzini Instagram:- www.instagram.com/academiadoagro Twitter: @academiadoagro Telegram: @academiadoagro Facebook: /academiadoagro Celular-Whatsapp: 062 9 9700 7049 E-mail: waldir.franzini@academiadoagro.net.br ACOMPANHE A REDE AGROCAST https://www.redeagrocast.com.br/ Somos da Agrocast. A primeira rede de podcasts do agronegócio brasileiro e tem o objetivo de aumentar o consumo da mídia pelo setor, bem como estimular a criação de novos podcasts do agro. Rede Agrocast: @redeagrocast Academia do Agro: @academiadoagro Agro Resenha: @agroresenha Bendito Agro: @benditoagro Bug Bites: @bugbitespodcast Cachaça, Prosa & Viola :@cpvpodcast Esalqast: @esalqast Mundo Agro Podcast: @mundoagropodcast Notícias do Front: @noticias_do_front Papo Agro: @papoagropodcast Rumen Cast: @rumencast   Apoio: Alba Incorporadora Ltda.   Ficha Técnica: Produção: Waldir Franzini Edição/masterização - A Fabrica de Podcast - https://www.afabricadepodcast.com.br/ Musica: CC BY  - CC BY SA http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/   Se você tem alguma sugestão de pauta, reclamação ou dúvida envie um e-mail para contato@academiadoagro.net.br  | waldir.franzini@gmail.com | Whatsapp: 062 99700-7049  

I concentrated on a few fall bloomers in the Aster family that have yellow flowers and I bet you thought of other species that should have been included. It will be one huge Autumnal Asteraceae Festival! I have a tinge of guilt leaving out plants like the Baccharis species I mentioned, but I will give them a celebration later this fall…at least Baccharis sarothroides (desert broom), right? I believe that the genus name Aldama honors Juan Aldama who fought in the Mexican War of Independence and is a national hero. I learned that many towns and places are named in his honor, so maybe the plant name is in his honor or a place named in his honor. Either way, that's pretty cool. The photos are mine of Aldama cordifolia, the former Viguiera cordifolia, but still heartleaf goldeneye.

String of Pearls (Senecio Rowleyanus), a rapid-growing perennial flowering vine from the daisy family Asteraceae, is indigenous to the deserts ... Read more The post How to Care For String of Pearls (Senecio Rowleyanus) appeared first on Plant Mom Care.

The genus Artemisia is found in the sunflower family Asteraceae and there are over 200 species found around the world in the northern hemisphere. Well, there are a few oddballs that show up elsewhere, but mainly the northern hemisphere. In Arizona A. dracunculus is one of the 14 species of Artemisia found in the wild. Our native tarragon isn’t going to compete with the domesticated Old World cultivars in flavor, but I’m guessing one could start finding the more spicy wild plants and come up with some nice selections. At our place I could be out on the land for along time looking for pungency among the kazillion plants. As the King of Tarragonia I’m thinking I will need some serfs…er, helpers to do the taste tests. Lemme know if that interests you. You’ll be working on the new flavorful borderlands tarragon called Little Dragon. Many thanks to my son in law Jared McKinley and Richard Felger for reminding me that the plant really is tarragon. Really! The photos are mine taken of last years stems here Tarragonia and also of the new shoots emerging and growing.

Today we celebrate a botanist remembered for his work with Pears and Camellias. We'll also learn about a botanist who specialized in grasses and traveled extensively to collect them. We’ll learn about the work of a forensic botanist back in the early 1980s. We take a moment to savor December - courtesy of a verse from the American naturalist and writer Hal Borland. We Grow That Garden Library™ with a book that came out this summer, and it brings the goodness of the Catskills right to your table. And then we’ll wrap things up with a cute little story about a plant name you won’t soon forget.   Subscribe Apple | Google | Spotify | Stitcher | iHeart To listen to the show while you're at home, just ask Alexa or Google to “Play the latest episode of The Daily Gardener Podcast.” And she will. It's just that easy.   The Daily Gardener Friday Newsletter Sign up for the FREE Friday Newsletter featuring: A personal update from me Garden-related items for your calendar The Grow That Garden Library™ featured books for the week Gardener gift ideas Garden-inspired recipes Exclusive updates regarding the show Plus, each week, one lucky subscriber wins a book from the Grow That Garden Library™ bookshelf.   Gardener Greetings Send your garden pics, stories, birthday wishes, and so forth to Jennifer@theDailyGardener.org   Curated Garden News How Did Madagascar Become the World’s Biggest Producer of Vanilla? | Atlas Obscura | Dan Nosowitz   Facebook Group If you'd like to check out my curated news articles and original blog posts for yourself, you're in luck. I share all of it with the Listener Community in the Free Facebook Group - The Daily Gardener Community. So, there’s no need to take notes or search for links. The next time you're on Facebook, search for Daily Gardener Community where you’d search for a friend... and request to join. I'd love to meet you in the group.   Important Events December 16, 1886 Today is the anniversary of the death of the Massachusetts merchant, amateur horticulturist, and politician Marshall Pinckney Wilder. When Marshall started out, his father gave him three options: attend college, start a farm, or work in the family store. Marshall elected to farm. But Marshall was unexpectedly pulled into the family business after his uncle died. In a twist of fate, Marshall was a natural businessman, and he helped take the family wholesale business to even more successful heights. With his financial success, Marshall bought an old farm in Dorchester, Massachusetts, for $5,500.  Marshall called the property Hawthorn Grove. But shortly after moving into Hawthorn Grove, Marshall’s young wife Eliza died. With four small children to raise, Marshall quickly married again. After his personal affairs were squared away, Marshall began designing ten acres worth of gardens on the property - complete with several large greenhouses. Marshall devoted all of his spare time to horticulture, and he loved to dabble in plant breeding. Historical records indicate that Marshall developed a double California Poppy. But without a doubt, Marshall’s favorite pursuits were Pears and Camellias. Marshall successfully cultivated two European Pears - the Bartlett and the Anjou. In Pears alone, Marshall experimented with over 900 varieties. And Marshall’s Camellia collection made him quite famous in certain botanical circles. In all, Marshall Wilder created over 300 Camellia varieties. And Marshall’s top award-winning Camellias were all named after the women in his life: Mrs. Abby Wilder (named for his second wife), Mrs. Julia Wilder (named for his third wife - who was also Abby’s sister), and Jenny Wilder (named for his granddaughter). In 1839 a greenhouse fire destroyed all but two of Marshall’s beloved Camellias. Still, Marshall bounced back quickly the following year thanks to his success in the wholesale business. When Marshall wasn’t gardening at Hawthorne Grove, he was active in horticulture organizations in and around Boston. In addition to serving as the third president of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Marshall was the founder and first president of the American Pomological Society. And on Google right now, it says, "The American Pomological Society was founded by Marshall Pinckney Wilder in 1848, to foster the growing of fruit and the development of new varieties, and is the oldest fruit organization in North America." When the great Landscape Architect Andrew Jackson Downing suddenly died, it was Marshall Wilder who delivered his eulogy before the Pomological Congress in Philadelphia in 1852. And, since 1873, the Pomological Society awards the "Wilder Medal" to pomologists who demonstrate outstanding service to horticulture in the broad area of pomology. During his lifetime, Marshall became quite famous for his horticultural activities. After his death, Marshall's private plant collection was used to create the Boston Public Garden. And here’s a fun fact about Marshall Pinckney Wilder: He had a nephew who became a well-known American author and speaker with dwarfism and shared the same name as his uncle - Marshall Pinckney Wilder. And it was Marshall’s nephew named Marshall who inspired the phrase, “When life gives you lemons, make lemonade.”  That phrase was written by Elbert Hubbard, who was inspired by the younger Marshall’s passion, optimism, and innovation.   December 16, 1935  Today is the anniversary of the death of the botanist and agrostologist Albert Spear Hitchcock. During a trip to Ecuador, Albert took a marvelous photo of an Espeletia with the common name Frailejones ("Fray-lay-HOE-ness") or Big Monks. These large plants are in the sunflower family, and they are reminiscent of mullein with their hairy leaves. But these plants are succulents, and at high altitudes, they can capture water vapor from passing clouds. Peter Rockstroh wrote this about Espeletia in a blog post a few years ago, "Of all the botanical oddities to be found in Colombia, Frailejones are probably one of the most striking. Their distinctive shape is unmistakable, and their image is iconic of the páramo ecosystem. Frailejones are members of the cosmopolitan sunflower family (Asteraceae), giant "daisies" in the genus Espeletia. They are the tallest plants in the family, with some reaching nearly 60'/18.5 m. When not in bloom, few people would even recognize them as members of this family. They can look quite spooky, as some populations retain their dead foliage folded over the stem, forming a thick coat to avoid water from freezing in the xylem. When these plants are standing in the mist, it is easy to understand how they could be mistaken for friars wearing thick, brown robes. Hence the name Frailejón in Spanish, a “Big Friar.” Although the "Big Friar" or the "Big Monk" easily captures attention, Albert Hitchcock’s name is synonymous with grasses. In the back half of his career, Albert joined the USDA, and from that point forward, his professional career was devoted to grasses. Albert helped to establish the nearly completely comprehensive grass collection at the National Herbarium in Washington. Albert’s book called the Manual of Grasses remains a primary reference for the subject. In addition to his masterpiece on grasses, Albert wrote over 250 botanical works during his lifetime. A staunch conservationist, Albert was alarmed at the rapid rate of destruction of the world's tropical forests and jungles. Albert was also a tremendous mentor and colleague. Sadly, Albert suffered a heart attack while he was on his way home from a major Botanical conference in Amsterdam. Albert died on board the ship City of Norfolk. After Albert’s death, the botanist Agnes Chase prepared his eulogy, and she recounted how Albert once walked nearly 250 miles over a three-week-long botanizing trip. And Agnes remembered that Albert had fashioned a special wheelbarrow to haul his specimens around - and she recalled this excerpt from Albert's writing about the experience, “I waded through water almost up to my knees, pushed my wheelbarrow, and still managed to keep my collection dry. The mosquitoes were very bad. I had to [wear] my coat, put cheesecloth around my head, and a pair of extra socks on my hands. My shoes had worn through, and my feet were blistered... But, for all the discomforts, the collecting was magnificent, and I felt fully repaid." Albert Hitchcock's massive private herbarium and library were donated to the Smithsonian in a fitting final gesture.   December 16, 1982 On this day, the News-Press out of Fort Myers, Florida, shared a story called "Botanist Determines if the Gardener did it" by Walter Putnam. Here’s an excerpt: “When police investigators are stumped by a thorny problem, they sometimes call in University of Florida scientist David Hall to help them nip a case in the bud. If the gardener did it, Hall is the one to help prove it. He could be considered a "Quincy" of the plant world. Unlike the television hero and real-life medical examiners who collect criminal evidence through autopsies, Hall gathers his from stems and twigs. David said, "I first got into forensic botany when Dr. Dan Ward and I were asked to help on a South Florida murder case. A guy was suspected of strangling a woman. He told police that she invited him in... But they found bits of bark on the windowsill and in his pants cuffs. We matched that bark to bark on the tree outside her window. He'd climbed in the window and attacked her.” Hall's specialty is plant taxonomy or identifying plants. "When you deal with names of plants, you have to know a whole lot about other things about them: the ecology, their physiology, the morphology (shapes of plants)." Hall recalled one suit in which the family of a train accident victim claimed the crossing sign had been down long before the collision. The railroad maintained the victim's car had knocked it over. A type of fungus growing on the signpost proved it had been on the ground long before the accident. Hall said, "I've never been called to testify, not in a single [case]. They've all been settled out of court.”   Unearthed Words December is a blizzard in Wyoming and a gale on the lakes, and the Berkshires frosted like a plate of cupcakes. It is bare trees and evergreens. It is wrestling weed stems and a gleam of partridgeberry on the hillside, a cluster of checkerberries, and winter greens in the thin woodland. It is ground pine, older than the hills where it grows, and it is a seedling maple from two years ago clinging to one last scarlet leaf. It is a stiff-tailed young squirrel scrambling up an oak tree, and it is a mask-faced coon in the cornfield listening for the hounds. It is ice on the pond, lichen on the rock, a flock of chickadees at the dooryard feeder. – Hal Borland, American naturalist and writer, The Golden Circle, December   Grow That Garden Library The Catskills Farm to Table Cookbook by Courtney Wade This book came out in 2020, and the subtitle is Over 75 Recipes. In this book, Courtney takes us to the Catskills, where she shows us that the food is centered around fresh vegetables and fruit, meat, dairy, wild game, and foraged produce. A chef, photographer, and graphic designer, Courtney lives on a farm in the Catskills in upstate New York. Her lovely cookbook is the perfect showcase for all of Courtney’s strengths. Courtney’s book is divided into seasons and shares recipes from favorite local hangouts. Along with excellent harvesting and growing advice, Courtney’s recipes bring the goodness of the Catskills right to your table. This book is 240 pages of delicious recipes and inspiring photography that will transport you to upstate New York. You can get a copy of The Catskills Farm to Table Cookbook by Courtney Wade and support the show using the Amazon Link in today's Show Notes for around $5   Today’s Botanic Spark Reviving the little botanic spark in your heart December 16, 1916  On this day, an adorable little story was shared in the Star Phoenix out of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. “A famous botanist was pacing slowly along a country road, his eyes, as usual, roaming from side to side for new plants to study. Suddenly an eager look swept across his futures, and he leaned over the low fence enclosing a cottage garden. He had found a plant he did not know. What could it be? If only he had a specimen of it to study! At that moment, a shock-headed lad strolled along the road and stopped to gaze open-mouthed at the botanist. "I say!" called the botanist, urgently. "See that there that pale pink one in the corner? Do you know it?" "Aye," said the country boy, briefly. "What's its name? Do you know what family it belongs to?" The lad jerked a grubby thumb over his shoulder toward the little cottage as he spoke more briefly still: "Higginses!”   Note: Edited for readability.   Thanks for listening to The Daily Gardener. And remember: "For a happy, healthy life, garden every day."

If you’re a foodie like me, you will love learning about a tiny flower that has some extraordinary health benefits. Not only that, but you can use it in desserts and culinary dishes. What is this small flower, you may ask? Well, it has delicate white petals with a golden center, and chamomile is its name. With no surprise, this beautiful flower is related to the daisy family (Asteraceae or Compositae), and from what we know, there are two different types. German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) is one type “and is a sweet-scented, smooth plant and self-seeding annual herb. It is native to Europe and Western Asia and has become widely distributed over Europe, North Africa, and the temperate region of Asia.”  The other type is Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile). “Roman chamomile is an aromatic, creeping perennial, found in dry fields and around gardens and cultivated grounds. It originated in the United Kingdom and is widely grown in American herb gardens.” -Integrative Medicine (Fourth Edition), 2018. Now that you’ve been properly introduced, let’s learn how to use chamomile for everyday health and living. According to Donna Eszlinger, chamomile was used mainly for medicinal purposes. “My grandmother, parents, and husband’s parents used it as a supplement for inflammation, to relax a person, to treat colds, for colicky babies, to calm the stomach, or relieve menstrual pain. Kind of like aspirin.” She also explains, “If you had a cold in your eye, they would make a compress by soaking a cloth in chamomile tea and then placing it on your eyes to take down the inflammation.” When asked about the form in which she takes chamomile, Eszlinger said, “I prefer fresh over the tea bags because the tea bags are not as potent. It doesn’t have the full strength of the chamomile, at least not to my liking. I mean, people that haven’t had the actual flower maybe don’t know the difference, but if you’ve had the flower or raw form versus a teabag, you know it’s not as strong.”  Other medicinal uses are: A more restful sleep According to Healthline, chamomile “contains apigenin, an antioxidant that binds to certain receptors in your brain that may promote sleepiness and reduce insomnia, or the chronic inability to sleep. In one study, postpartum women who drank chamomile tea for two weeks reported better sleep quality compared to a group that did not drink chamomile tea. They also had fewer symptoms of depression, which is often linked with sleeping problems.” Like many herbal teas, chamomile is easy on the stomach and is very relaxing and soothing. Drink one cup 30 minutes before bed to gain the best results for a peaceful night’s rest. To help soothe the stomach. We know that Chamomile tea is easy to digest, and findings suggest it “may protect against diarrhea, stomach ulcers, nausea and gas, likely due to its anti-inflammatory effects.” -healthline. As a mouth rinse “In dentistry, chamomile has been studied due to its anti-inflammatory properties. This plant has been tested by several researchers, with promising results. Chamomile is proved to reduce gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation without staining teeth nor having adverse effects. Therefore, this mouthwash has shown good results, statistically similar to chlorhexidine 0.12% after two weeks of regular mouth rinse.” -Dunker Dental Care. Mouth Wash Rinse To make an herbal mouth wash, place 6 tablespoons of green tea and 3 tablespoons of chamomile in a French press or jar.Cover with cool distilled water or reverse osmosis water.Seal the container and then allow it to sit for at least 7 hours.You can lightly swirl the jar every couple of hours, but the mixture of mouth wash will not be ruined if you forget.At this point, press or strain out any particles remaining.In between uses, store it sealed in your refrigerator. Use morning and night. To relieve a headache. Although it’s not proven that chamomile will take a...

Join botanically inclined herbalists Howie Brounstein and Steven Yeager as they venture along on a plant walk through the middle elevation woods of the Western Cascades. In this video you’ll learn all about the highly revered cosmopolitan herb yarrow (Achillea millefolium). You’ll learn basic botany about the Asteraceae plant family, what a chemotype is, its adaptability and much more! WATCH THE ORIGINAL VIDEO ON YOUTUBE Join our community! Subscribe to the Mountain Rose Herbs newsletter Subscribe to Mountain Rose Herbs on YouTube Follow on Instagram Like on Facebook Follow on Pinterest Follow on Twitter Read the Mountain Rose Herbs blog Follow on TikTok Strengthening the bonds between people and plants for a healthier world. Mountain Rose Herbs www.mountainroseherbs.com

(Re-upload because the first file was corrupted and cut out at 3 min...) Probably the episode I'm most excited about so far - a talk with the kind, humble and brilliant Bruce Baldwin, an expert in the largest (second in number of species only  to the Orchid Family) and most ecologically successful plant family in the world, the Asteraceae, also known as "composites" because of their composite flowerheads, consisting of many tiny "florets" (which are the true flowers). We cover a lot of stuff here, and the last five minutes of the episode seem to wrap up a potential answer to the modern human predicament that we're in. But prior to that, we of course cover the incredible ecology and evolution (and genetics!) of the most successful plant family on Planet Earth.    Photo in the thumbnail is one of the "dinosaur sunflowers", Leucheria runcinata, from the High Andes of Chile. 

Its all in the family!The asteraceae family is the largest plant family in the plant kingdom.  The McFarlands discuss the interesting relations and members of the family that you never thought would be cousins.Lettuce and sneezeweed!  Yeah, they're related. All that and more...Need a visual?  CLICK HERE. Looking to book a consult for your property with spring finally here?  We'd love to help.  CLICK HERE.What is a TGS Tiny Garden? CLICK HERE. Subscribe to The Growing Season podcast.  CLICK HERE. Watch "The Land Line," our LIVE streaming show.  CLICK HERE. 

Its all in the family! The asteraceae family is the largest plant family in the plant kingdom. The McFarlands discuss the interesting relations and members of the family that you never thought would be cousins. Lettuce and sneezeweed! Yeah, they're related. All that and more... Need a visual? CLICK HERE. Looking to book a consult for your property with spring finally here? We'd love to help. CLICK HERE. What is a TGS Tiny Garden? CLICK HERE. Subscribe to The Growing Season podcast. CLICK HERE. Watch "The Land Line," our LIVE streaming show. CLICK HERE.

You know you haven’t been hiking or botanizing out in the desert or grassland enough when you look to the…

Today we celebrate a historic elm tree in Boston. And we remember the Romantic English poet who went by L.E.L. We'll also learn about the magazine that helped launch the National Audubon Society. We salute the Scottish nurseryman who elevated to the top echelons of British horticulture. We also remember the Iowa botanist who dedicated her life to protecting the vanishing prairie ecosystem. We celebrate the fleeting summer with some poetry. And, we Grow That Garden Library™ with a book that features Audubon's masterful illustrations. And then we’ll wrap things up with the story of a canning lid shortage back in 1975. But first, let's catch up on some Greetings from Gardeners around the world and today’s curated news.   Subscribe Apple | Google | Spotify | Stitcher | iHeart   Gardener Greetings To participate in the Gardener Greetings segment, send your garden pics, stories, birthday wishes and so forth to Jennifer@theDailyGardener.org And, to listen to the show while you're at home, just ask Alexa or Google to play The Daily Gardener Podcast. It's that easy.   Curated News 5 Things To Consider Before You Landscape A Garden | Homes To Love Here's an excerpt: We spoke to landscaping expert John McMillan from General Lawns for his thoughts and handy tips on creating the perfect landscaped garden. How can you choose the right plants, set a theme, include a deck or a water feature or know how to describe what you want into a brief? John has 5 crucial questions to consider to build a garden fit for your home. 1. Research, Research, Research 2. Consider your lifestyle 3. Choose carefully 4. Keep a grip on the budget 5. Keep it real   Saint Werenfrid's Day (August 14) Gardeners know that Werenfridus is the Patron Saint of Vegetable Gardens. Werenfrid is often portrayed as a priest holding a ship with a coffin in it. And, sometimes Werenfrid is displayed as a priest laid to rest in his ship. What do these emblems - the coffin and the ship - have to do with Vegetable Gardens? Absolutely nothing. But the coffin and ship do remind us just how beloved St. Werenfrid was by the Dutch people. You see, as a Benedictine monk, Werenfrid tended the gardens at his monastery, and his gardens served a vital purpose: feeding the poor and the hungry. As a gardener and a clergyman, Werenfrid was a nourisher of both bodies and souls. After decades of caring for his flock in and around Arnhem in the Netherlands, Werenfrid died at the age of 90. After Werenfrid died, two nearby towns named Westervort and Elst started fighting over Werenfrid’s body. Each town wanted the honor of being his final resting place and, of course, being blessed by his sacred remains. Although the citizens of Elst contended that Werenfrid himself said he wanted to be laid to rest in their town, the dispute continued until the two towns agreed to let nature dictate Werenfrid’s fate. According to lore, Werenfrid’s body was placed on an unmanned boat on the Rhine and fate brought Werenfrid to the shores of Elst where today, the Werenfrid Church still stands. And so, today we remember the gentle, loving gardener monk named Werenfrid, who is often shown holding a ship carrying a coffin. Werenfrid is also invoked for gout and stiff joints - which, if you grow vegetables, you’ll appreciate how those conditions sometimes go along with gardening.   Alright, that’s it for today's gardening news. Now, if you'd like to check out my curated news articles and blog posts for yourself, you're in luck, because I share all of it with the Listener Community in the Free Facebook Group - The Daily Gardener Community. There’s no need to take notes or search for links - the next time you're on Facebook, search for Daily Gardener Community and request to join. I'd love to meet you in the group.   Important Events 1765  A crowd gathered under a large elm tree in Boston. The group was there to protest the Stamp Act that was passed by the British Parliament. The Stamp Act imposed a tax on paper in the American colonies, which meant that all the paper had to have a stamp on it. So, if you were publishing a newspaper, or needed a mortgage deed, or court papers, it all had to be printed on paper with a tax stamp on it. Now, there was an old elm tree that became a rallying point for resistance against the British, and that tree became known as the Liberty Tree. The Liberty Tree had been planted in 1646 - just sixteen years after Boston became a city. As the colonists began rejecting orders from Britain, the Liberty Tree became a bulletin board of sorts. As it's symbolism grew, protesters would share calls to action on the trunk. When the stamp act was repealed, the Liberty Tree was THE place people went to celebrate; hanging flags and streamers, as well as lanterns from its branches. After the war began, Thomas Paine wrote an ode to the Liberty Tree in the Pennsylvania Gazette: Unmindful of names or distinctions they came For freemen like brothers agree,  With one spirit endued, they one friendship pursued, And their temple was Liberty Tree… Four months later, in August, British troops and Loyalists descended on the Liberty Tree. A man named Nathaniel Coffin Jr. cut it down.   1802  Today is the birthday of the English poet and novelist Letitia Elizabeth Landon - and when she first started out, she signed her poems with her initials - L.E.L. Letitia wrote, “I will look on the stars and look on thee, and read the page of thy destiny.” Letitia’s destiny was set in motion as she explored the woods and overgrown gardens near her home. Spending time in nature actually inspired Letitia to write poetry. By the time she was 18, her governess shared her poems with a neighbor, William Jerdan, who was the editor of the Literary Gazette. Married and twice her age, Jerdan nonetheless began a relationship with Letitia. Lucasta Miller’s book, L.E.L.: The Lost Life and Scandalous Death of Letitia Elizabeth Landon tells her tragic life story - how Jerdan fathered children with Letitia but then forced her to give them all up as infants, how he stole the income from her published works and then dumped her for another younger woman. Letitia’s story ended at the age of 36 in Africa. She committed suicide shortly after she married the Governor of Ghana. One of Leticia’s first poems was an ode to the Michaelmas daisy (Aster amellus) in the genus Aster of the family Asteraceae. Also known as Autumn Asters, the plant has narrow green leaves covered by clouds of daisy-like purple-petaled flowers with yellow centers. The name of this Aster is from the Latin word for star which is a reference to the shape of its showy flower heads that are just coming into bloom now in mid-August. Last smile of the departing year, Thy sister sweets are flown; Thy pensive wreath is far more dear, From blooming thus alone. Thy tender blush, thy simple frame, Unnoticed might have past; But now thou contest with softer claim, The loveliest and the last. Sweet are the charms in thee we find, Emblem of hope's gay wing; ‘Tis thine to call past bloom to mind, To promise future spring. — Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L.E.L.), The Michaelmas Daisy.   Letitia’s poetry was romantic and she is often referred to as the female Byron. Here’s a verse Letitia wrote about April: Of all the months that fill the year, Give April's month to me, For earth and sky are then so filled With sweet variety! — Letitia Elizabeth Landon, April   1873  The magazine Forest and Stream debuted. Forest and Stream featured outdoor activities like hunting and fishing. It was dedicated to wildlife conservation, and it helped launch the National Audubon Society. In 1930, the magazine merged with Field & Stream.   1822  Today is the anniversary of the death of the Scottish nurseryman and seedsman James Dickson. James Dickson led a remarkable life. He was born to a poor family in Scotland. As a young boy, he began working as a gardener on the nearby estate of an Earl. The job was a perfect fit for James. One day James overheard one of his fellow gardeners inquire about the name of a plant. When another young Gardener successfully answered, James was instantly inspired to learn everything he could about plants. After working his way up as a gardener in Scotland, James eventually moved to London where he set up a nursery business in Covent Garden ("Cuv-int"). James became a trusted authority on mosses, fungi, and grasses and he even wrote two large botanical volumes. With his hardwon botanical knowledge and eager disposition, he became friends with both the explorer Joseph Banks and the King’s gardener, William Forsyth. These key relationships put him in the top horticultural social circles of his day. As a nurseryman, James was hardworking and insightful. When the British Museum decided to find a new gardener, Joseph Banks asked James if he was interested in the job. James put together a modest bid to improve and maintain the landscape around the museum. Not only did James win the bid but it was a position that he held for the rest of his life. In terms of posterity, James was a founding member of the Royal Horticultural Society as well as was one of the seven men who established the Linnean Society. James returned to Scotland to go on botanizing expeditions many times during his life. One of his botanist peers, Sir James Edward Smith, recognized James' strengths saying he had a “powerful mind, spotless integrity, singular acuteness and accuracy” and he memorably called James “lynx-eyed” because he was so good at spotting plants in the field. James married Margaret Park after his first wife died. This marriage also resulted in a lifelong friendship with his brother-in-law Dr. Mungo Park. James introduced Mungo to his friend Joseph Banks and that's how Mungo became a famous explorer. Mungo traveled the world in the late 1700’s - going first to Sumatra and then to Gambia. James and his family thought Mongo had died after not hearing from him for two years. but on Christmas morning in 1797 James was working at his beloved British Museum Garden. James had gotten up early to tend to the greenhouses making sure that the fires were still going. He was tending to his work and looked up and saw Mungo. It made for a happy family Christmas. Almost 10 years later, Mungo would undertake another journey - this time to Niger. But, sadly, after this trip, James would never see his dear friend and brother-in-law again. Mungo was attacked and killed by natives in 1806. Fourteen years later, on this day, James died at his home at the age of 84. The poor Scottish child-gardener had made a successful life for himself tending the best gardens in England and is counted among the founding pillars of English horticulture. James requested to be buried in the churchyard where he had spent much time as a younger man collecting mosses. James is remembered with the Dicksonia - the tree fern genus.   1880   Today is the birthday of botanist Ada Hayden. Ada was the curator of the Iowa State University herbarium. As a young girl growing up in Ames, Iowa, she fell in love with the flora surrounding her family’s home. Ada was a talented photographer, artist, and writer, and she put all of those skills to good use documenting Iowa’s prairies. And, Ada became the first woman to earn a Ph.D. from Iowa State. Ada inherited her grandparent's farm, and she often brought her botany students there to walk through the Prairie and to take notes on their observations. Ada’s life work was to save the vanishing prairie ecosystem. Ada loved the Prairie. She wrote, "Throughout the season, from April to October, the colorful flowers of the grassland flora present a rainbow-hued sequence of bloom. It is identified with the open sky. It is the unprotected battleground of wind and weather.” When Ada died, the University named a 240-acre-tract of virgin Prairie, Hayden Prairie, in her honor.   Unearthed Words We are closing in on Labor Day. Here are some words about the fleeting summer.   Catch, then, oh catch the transient hour; Improve each moment as it flies! Life's a short summer, man a flower; He dies - alas! how soon he dies!  — Samuel Johnson, English writer and poet   Give me the joys of summer, Of Summer Queen so fair, With a wealth of lovely flowers And fruits and sun-kissed air! Talk not to me of winter With ice and frost and snow, Nor changing spring and autumn When howling winds will blow. No, I will take the joys Of Summer every time, So to this Queen of Seasons I dedicate my rhyme.  — Winifred Sackville Stoner, Jr., Poet, Midsummer Joys   Summer's lease hath all too short a date.  — William Shakespeare, English playwright, poet and actor   Grow That Garden Library Audubon's Masterpieces by John James Audubon  This book came out in 2004 and the subtitle is 150 Prints from the Birds of America. Amazon reviews of this book are very positive: “Beautiful book. I admired framed Audubon prints in decorating magazines and at Pottery Barn's website for a long time, but couldn't afford their prices. I finally decided to buy this book, use an Exacto knife, and cut out prints to frame myself (yes, feel free to cringe at the thought of tearing apart such a beautiful book--I did, too). I framed twelve prints in inexpensive 8x10 dollar frames from a store of a similar name.” “I actually purchased a second copy of this book. I was so impressed with my first that I purchased a 2nd to frame individual prints (they're a perfect 8x10), and they look amazing in the grouping of twelve on my wall… Everyone thinks I paid a fortune for them!” “Audobon's Masterpieces is simply put: gorgeous. I bought this book for the sole purpose of having a pretty book of birds to lay out on my coffee table… Please buy this for your sister, mother, nerdy bird-loving brother/father/boyfriend/hobo down the street. It brings a smile to my face every time I glance at the pretty hardback cover and randomly open up to a page of beauty. Nature is beautiful, people.” John James Audubon was a French American ornithologist, naturalist, and painter. During his life, Audubon identified 25 new species of birds. His detailed illustrations depicted the birds in their natural habitats. His major work, a color-plate book entitled The Birds of America is considered one of the finest ornithological works ever completed. This book is 352 pages of Audobon’s Masterwork of Bird Illustrations. You can get a copy of Audubon's Masterpieces by John James Audubon and support the show, using the Amazon Link in today's Show Notes for around $18   Today’s Botanic Spark 1975  The Hearne Democrat, out of Hearne, Texas, announced there was a canning lid shortage. Here’s what it said: "The problem has reached crisis proportions in parts of the country where home gardeners have planted crops in hopes of saving on grocery bills. As harvest begins, these home gardeners are discovering the canning lid shortage means there is no way of preserving their ripe fruits and vegetables for fall and winter use... Part of the cause is the tremendous increase in the number of home gardeners. The federal office of Consumer Affairs estimates that 12 million new gardeners have joined the market for home canning equipment in the past two years... Another part of the problem is that, in addition to the greatly increased number of gardeners who need lids, some home canners have been buying far more lids than they will need. Because of this hoarding for future use, the shortage has been aggravated."

Today we remember the busiest man in London. We'll also learn about the man honored by the Baobab tree. We salute a daughter of Winterthur, We also recognize a life cut short in the world of tropical botany. And we'll look back on a letter from one garden writer to another written on this day in 1961. We Grow That Garden Library™ with a book that puts your focus on the grill for preparing your garden harvest. And then we'll wrap things up with a story about Gallant Soldiers. But first, let's catch up on some Greetings from Gardeners around the world and today's curated news.   Subscribe Apple|Google|Spotify|Stitcher|iHeart   Gardener Greetings To participate in the Gardener Greetings segment, send your garden pics, stories, birthday wishes and so forth to Jennifer@theDailyGardener.org And, to listen to the show while you're at home, just ask Alexa or Google to play The Daily Gardener Podcast. It's that easy.   Curated News 7 Best Tips for Growing Dahlias | Melissa J. Will Here's an excerpt: Melissa gathered these tips for growing dahlias from numerous sources, including books, research papers, my own experience, and advice from professional growers whose livelihood depends on their success. Melissa provides seven top tips and answered Frequently Asked Questions for an excellent overview of everything needed to grow dahlias. Dahlias take 90 to 120 days to flower after planting, depending on the variety you are growing. Generally, the larger the plant and flowers, the longer it takes. If you want flowers before late summer, consider starting your dahlia tubers indoors in pots 4 to 6 weeks before the last frost. Pinching back (the same as cutting off), the main stem encourages the plant to become bushier. Every enthusiastic dahlia grower will tell you their storage method works like a charm. And—they are right—for their specific conditions. The point is, it's the health of the tuber and the overall environment that counts. The optimum storage temperature is 40-45°F (4-7°C). We run into problems when the heating systems in our homes make the humidity level too low for the tubers. Consider using the plastic food wrap method where each tuber is wrapped individually to keep moisture in. Growers who use this method report a higher number of viable tubers each spring. Exposure to some cold is necessary for their development each year, so we wait until early frosts have blackened the foliage before digging up the tubers and storing them for the winter. Come spring, a handy rule is, if it's the right time to plant tomatoes, it's the right time to plant dahlias. On a brighter note, while not entirely deer-proof, dahlias are not their first food choice when other plants are available.   Alright, that's it for today's gardening news. Now, if you'd like to check out my curated news articles and blog posts for yourself, you're in luck, because I share all of it with the Listener Community in the Free Facebook Group - The Daily Gardener Community. There's no need to take notes or search for links - the next time you're on Facebook, search for Daily Gardener Community and request to join. I'd love to meet you in the group.   Important Events 1803  Today is the birthday of the English gardener, architect, and Member of Parliament, Joseph Paxton. Joseph Paxton was brilliant. It was Charles Dickens who dubbed him, "The Busiest Man in England." Joseph designed the Crystal Palace, aka the People's Palace, for the first World's Fair. The Crystal Place was a large exhibition hall. It was an extraordinary and revolutionary building. Joseph was the head gardener to the Duke of Devonshire in Chatsworth. Now, you might be wondering how Joseph's job as the head gardener had given him the experience he needed to create the Crystal Palace. Well, the answer is simple: he had built four massive greenhouses for the Duke over fifteen years from 1833 to 1848, and that made Joseph one of the top greenhouse experts in the world. And, English royalty knew it. Don't forget that the beautiful Crystal Palace was essentially a large greenhouse. Gardeners will appreciate that Joseph's iron and glass architectural plans were inspired by the "transverse girders & supports" of the giant water lily - which itself is an architectural wonder. Now Instead of creating a large empty building for exhibits, Joseph decided to build his greenhouse around and over the existing Hyde Park. The high central arch - the grand barrel vault you see in all the old postcards and images of the Crystal Palace - actually accommodated full-sized trees that were already in the park when Joseph began to build around them. Joseph's Crystal Palace was built in a very short amount of time, and this was due again to Joseph's expertise and connections. He had built relationships with various iron and glass companies in building greenhouses for the Duke, and he had even designed many of the components needed to create a greenhouse. For instance, the large beautiful columns also served a purpose: drainage. The Joseph Paxton biographer Kate Colquhoun wrote about the immensity of the Palace: "[Paxton's] design, initially doodled on a piece of blotting paper, was the architectural triumph of its time. Two thousand men worked for eight months to complete it. It was six times the size of St Paul's Cathedral, enclosed a space of 18 acres, and entertained six million visitors." The Crystal Palace was an enormous success and was open every day except Sundays all during the summer of 1851. Queen Victoria and Albert were there on the day it opened - May 1st. And by the closing day on October 11th, six million people had walked past the international exhibits at the Crystal Palace. For his work with the Crystal Palace, Joseph Paxton was knighted. Still, if I could knight Joseph Paxton, I would honor him for cultivating my favorite breakfast item: the Cavendish banana - the most consumed banana in the Western world. Naturally, Joseph cultivated the banana in the greenhouses he built for the 6th Duke of Devonshire - William Cavendish - who is honored with the name of the banana. Even with the perfect growing conditions, it took Joseph five years to get a banana harvest. But, in November 1835, Joseph's banana plant finally flowered. By the following May, the tree was loaded with more than 100 bananas - one of which won a medal at the Horticultural Society show in London. Today, bananas still grow on the Devonshire estate, and the Cavendish banana is the most-consumed banana in the western world. It replaced a tastier variety, which was wiped out by a fungal disease in the 1950s. Today, work is underway to create a Cavendish banana replacement. Without attention to this matter, we will someday see the extinction of the Cavendish banana. Now, if you'd like to read about Joseph Paxton - he's such a fascinating person - you should really check out the biographies written by Kate Colquhoun. Her first Joseph Paxton biography is called A Thing in Disguise: The Visionary Life of Joseph Paxton (2003), and her second book is called The Busiest Man in England: The Life of Joseph Paxton, Gardener, Architect, and Victorian Visionary (2006). You can get a used copy of either of these books and support the show, using the Amazon Link in today's Show Notes for around $10.   1806  Today is the anniversary of the death of the 18th-century Scottish-French botanist and naturalist Michel Adanson. Michel created the first natural classification of flowering plants. In fact, Jussieu ("Juice You") adopted Michel's methodology to create his masterpiece that defined plant groups called Genera Plantarum (1789). Although today we think mainly of Darwin and Linnaeus, they stood the shoulders of people like Michel Adanson. Michel was the first person to question the stability of species. When he saw breaks or deviations in nature, he came up with a word for it - and one we still use today - mutation. One of the most profound experiences in Michel's life was the five year period he spent living in Senegal, where he collected and described many new plants and animals. That experience provided the foundation for his most famous work - the two-part Familles des Plantes (1763). In the book, Michel classified plants by evaluating a variety of plant characteristics in contrast to Linnaeus' more straightforward sexual system. Again, Michel's perspective on this was revolutionary and was embraced by Jussieu and other botanists. Today, it is called the natural system of classification. Linnaeus recognized Michel's contribution by naming the genus Adansonia, which features the spectacularly unique Baobab ("BOW-bab") trees of Africa, Australia, and Madagascar. The Baobab tree is remarkable and memorable - it has a Seussical quality - and it is one of the most massive trees in the world. In Africa, they are called "The Queens of the Forest" or "The Roots of the Sky." The last name refers to a legend that tells how long ago, in a fit of anger, the devil pulled the Baobab tree out of the ground, only to shove it back into the earth upside down - leaving its roots shooting up into the air. Although they seldom grow taller than forty feet and they are generally sparsely branched, the trunks have astounding girth - and they can be almost thirty feet wide. In fact, some large Baobab cavities have served as jails, post offices, and even pubs. And there is a massive Baobab tree in Gonarezhou, Zimbabwe, that is called Shadreck's Office by the locals and was used as a safe by a famous poacher for keeping his ivory and rhinoceros horns. And inside those enormous trunks, they can store up to 32,000 gallons of water. The outer bark is about 6 inches thick, but inside, the cavity is spongy and vascular. This is why animals, like elephants, chew the bark during the dry seasons. The Baobab can grow to enormous sizes, and carbon dating indicates that they may live to be 3,000 years old. They go by many names, including boab, boa boa, Tebaldi, bottle tree, upside-down tree, monkey bread tree, and the dead-rat tree (referring to the appearance of the fruit). Finally, the flowers of the Baobab bloom at night, and they are bat-pollinated. The fruit of the Baobab looks like an oblong coconut with a brown velvety hard outer shell. But inside, the flesh is sweet and tastes a bit like yogurt. The Baobab fruit contains more vitamin C than oranges, more calcium than milk, more antioxidants than blueberries or cranberries, and more iron than steak. And here's a fun fact: the cooking ingredient Cream of Tartar was initially made from Baobab seed pulp. Today, it is mostly sourced as a by-product of making wine. In 1774, Michel Adanson wrote another masterpiece - an encyclopedic work covering all of the known plant families. Sadly, it was never published. But, that work was clearly meaningful to Michel, who requested that a garland for his Paris grave made up of flowers from each of the 58 plant families featured in his book. And Michel's work - his papers and herbarium - were clearly treasured by his surviving family. They privately held his entire collection for over a century before transferring everything to the Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, in the early 1960s. The Hunt Institute was so energized and grateful for the gift that they republished Michel's Familles des Plantes in two volumes in 1963 and 1964.   1877  Today is the birthday of Louise du Pont Crowninshield, who was born on this day @WinterthurMuse. Louise spent her life working on projects related to ecological preservation, charity, and horticulture. Aside from her philanthropic efforts, Louise is remembered as the last du Pont to live in the residence at Winterthur ("Winner-TOUR") before it became a museum and library. The Winterthur estate covers 1,000 acres of rolling hills, streams, meadows, and forests. A love-long lover of nature and a natural designer, Henry Francis du Pont got his bachelor's in horticulture from Harvard. Henry thoughtfully developed Winterthur, and he planned for the gardens to be a showpiece. When it came to sourcing plants, du Pont spared no expense to source top plants from around the world. Today, you can visit Winterthur Garden and see for yourself the Quarry, Peony, and Sundial gardens as well as the Azalea Woods and the Enchanted Woods. You can get a lovely used copy of a book called Henry F. du Pont and Winterthur: A Daughter's Portrait and support the show, using the Amazon Link in today's Show Notes for under $2.   1945  Today is the anniversary of the death of the American botanist Alwyn Howard Gentry. It's been 75 years since Alwyn's life was tragically cut short when his plane crashed in fog into a forested mountain during a treetop survey in Ecuador. At the time, Alwyn was just 48 years old, and he was at the peak of his career. Alwyn was regarded as a towering figure in tropical biology and ranked among the world's leading field biologists. He also was the senior curator at the Missouri Botanical Garden. Theodore Parker III was also on the plane with Alwyn. Parker was a world expert ornithologist. Parker's fiance survived the crash, and she told a reporter that both Alwyn and Parker had survived the crash as well. But sadly, they were both trapped in the wreckage of the plane, and without immediate medical attention, they passed away together the following morning. The only consolation for the many who knew and loved them was that Alwyn and Parker both died doing what they loved. Throughout his professional life, Alwyn had been in awe of the powerful pull of the rainforest, writing: "The Amazon is a world of lush green vegetation, and abundant waters has inspired naturalists, fortune hunters, dreamers, explorers, and exploiters." According to Conservation International, Alwyn had collected more specimens than any other living botanist of his time - a staggering 70,000 plants. To this day, botanists rely on Gentry's Guide to the Woody Plants of Peru for understanding and direction when it comes to neotropical and tropical plants.   1961 Today Katharine Stuart wrote to Elizabeth Lawrence. My dear Elizabeth, By now, you will have given me up entirely as a friend. It is shocking that I have not written to you in so long, and especially that I have never answered your letter offering me some of Mr. Krippendorf's hellebores.  Perhaps you can forgive me, though, when you hear all the things that have been happening to me since May 24th, the date of your letter. [Turns out, Katharine had an appendectomy.] I enclose some of Andy's snapshots of the garden in early spring. As you can see, it isn't a garden — no plan, no style, no proper arrangement of colors — but at least the pictures give you the feel of the land in a cold, late Maine spring.  Everything is very different now. The picket fence hardly shows for the flowers; the grey windbreak is covered with the blossoms of Mme. Baron Veillard, Jackmarie, and Mrs. Cholmondley, and on the little terrace, the hybrid roses are full of bloom.  We lost one of our big Balm of Gilead trees in a fierce wind and rain storm, and Andy has made a most ingenious birdbath from a section of its big trunk, into which he poured cement… yesterday, we could watch two song sparrows, and a yellow warbler take their baths [in it] under the pear tree.  Even if I can't garden, I can enjoy the flowers in a maddeningly remote way. My first water lily is in blossom in the pasture pond... Today, my first-ever hardy cyclamen is in bloom under the Persian lilac. It is enchanting and a triumph, as I have failed so often with them. I finally raised this one indoors last winter and set it out this spring. I don't even know the variety, for the tag is lost. It has pink blossoms and variegated leaves. Everything else is at sixes and sevens—iris needs separating; one long perennial bed is too crowded; one is too skimpy thanks to winter losses. It has been a year of frustration. Andy finally sold our beautiful Herefords, and there goes my source of manure. Oh, dear, we are crumbling badly! But just writing you gives me hope, and I am determined that I shall get back to normal again. We really feel encouraged.  Ever affectionately, Katharine    Unearthed Words Today is National Watermelon Day. Here are some words about Watermelon.   Go along, Mister Winter- Crawl into your frosty bed.  I'm longing like a lover For the watermelon red. — Frank Lebby Stanton, American lyricist   And the windows opened that night, A ceiling dripped the sweat Of a tin god,  And I sat eating a watermelon All false red, Water like slow running  Tears, And I spit out seeds And swallowed seeds, And I kept thinking I'm a fool I'm a fool To eat this Watermelon, But I kept eating  Anyhow. — Charles Bukowski, American-German poet and novelist, Watermelon   Green Buddhas On the fruit stand We eat the smile And spit out the teeth. — Charles Simic, American-Serbian Poet, Watermelons   Up from the South, by boat and train.  Now comes the King of Fruits again;  Lucious feast for judge or felon,  Glorious, sun-kissed Watermelon;  Green as emerald in its rind, But cutting through it thou shalt find  Sweetest mass of crimson beauty Tempting angels from their duty. — Ode to Watermelon, anonymous   It is pure water, distilled, and put up by nature herself,  who needs no government label  to certify to the cleanliness of her methods  and the innocence of her sun-kissed chemistry.  It is the tiniest trace of earth salts.  It has a delicate aroma.  It is slightly a food, generously a drink, and altogether poetry. Not altogether is it poetry.  Not in respect of price.  Not even the most hard-working of the poets  can afford to buy the early Watermelon.  — The Citizen-Republican, Scotland, South Dakota, Watermelon   On Saturday, he ate through one piece of chocolate cake, one ice-cream cone, one pickle, one slice of Swiss cheese, one slice of salami, one lollipop, one piece of cherry pie, one sausage, one cupcake, and one slice of Watermelon. That night he had a stomach ache. — Eric Carle, American designer, illustrator, and writer of children's books, The Very Hungry Caterpillar   Grow That Garden Library From Garden to Grill by Elizabeth Orsini This book came out in 2017, and the subtitle is Over 250 Vegetable-based Recipes for Every Grill Master. From kebabs and salads to made-from-scratch sauces and seasonings, bring your garden to your grill with more than 250 mouthwatering vegetarian grilling recipes! Bring your garden harvest to the grill! Backyard barbecues aren't just for burgers and hotdogs. Delicious vegetables can be part of every diet with From Garden to Grill--featuring more than 250 mouthwatering, vegetable-based grilling recipes, variations to add meat, tips to make meals paleo, and changes to go gluten-free or vegan! With everything from sauces and salads to small plates and main courses, this book shows grill masters how to incorporate fresh produce into healthy and hearty meals: *Grilled Zucchini Salsa *Kale and Feta Pita Pizza *Caramelized Corn *Eggplant Ratatouille *Foil Pack Vegetables *Quinoa Veggie Wraps *Grilled Romaine Salad *Grilled Veggie Paninis *Butternut Squash Kebabs *Artichoke Pizza *Portobello Mozzarella Caps Whether you are dedicated to a lifetime of healthy living or just love bringing that freshly grilled char to seasonal veggies, this is the cookbook for you. This book is 320 pages of grilled garden goodness. You can get a copy of From Garden to Grill by Elizabeth Orsini and support the show, using the Amazon Link in today's Show Notes for around $13   Today's Botanic Spark 1948 On this day, The Guardian posted a brief snippet about the Gallant Soldiers plant. Now before I read the post, here's a primer. Gallant Soldiers is loosely derived from its Latin name: Galinsoga parviflora (gal-in-SOH-guh), and it's also known as Quickweed. Gallant Soldiers is a herbaceous plant in the Asteraceae or Daisy family. Over a single summer, a single specimen of Gallant Soldiers can produce over 7,000 seeds - so they'll be marching on. Galinsoga was named for Mariano Galinsoga, who was a botanist and a Spanish doctor for royalty during the 1700s, and he famously observed that women who wore corsets had more health problems than peasant women who did not wear them. Now, Galinsoga is a trooper when it comes to medicinal uses. Galinsoga is a super coagulator, antibiotic agent, and a healer. And the next time you run into stinging nettle, grab some Galinsoga, and you'll be all smiles. Rich in iron, Galinsoga is also edible. In fact, every part of the plant, except the root, can be eaten. In the United States, foragers are beginning to add Galinsoga to their list, but in China and South America, Galinsoga is already regularly added to soups, stews, and salads. On the Forager Chef website, it says "Galinsoga can be used raw or cooked. Got a call from a farmer that the spinach was killed by hail?  Don't worry, just toss some Galinsoga in that pasta.  While you're at it, put it in the salad mix and on the fish entree, then throw the purchased microgreens in the compost where they belong, as fodder to grow interesting, edible weeds. Like so many other greens sans watercress, It's shelf life shames conventionally harvested salad greens.  I would regularly get two weeks of shelf life from what I picked or more... Galinsoga tastes mild and fades into the background; there's not even a hint of bitterness.  It's a blank canvas for whatever you like.  This also means from a health/diet perspective, you can consume mass quantities cooked, unlike other aggressive growers like garlic mustard, whose bitterness I tend to blend with other plants."   Great information there.   Now let's hear that post from The Guardian on Galinsoga from 1948: "In some gardens, near Kew and Richmond, there flourishes an unusual weed which nine out of ten people will call "Gallant Soldiers." It has escaped from Kew, where it was introduced some years ago from Peru under the name of Galinsoga parviflora. Local gardeners made the name easier to pronounce, but the corruption did not stop there. Sir Edward Salisbury, the director of Kew Gardens, tells how he found a gardener one day pulling out Galinsoga from his borders. He asked its name. The gardener replied, "I don't rightly know, but I have heard it called Soldiers of the Queen."

Christine stellt die Heilpflanze des Jahres 2020 vor, die Wegwarte (Cichorium intybus). Sie spricht über ihre Wirkung, die Pflanze an sich und ihre Eigenschaften als essbare Wildpflanze und Wildkraut. Außerdem erfährst Du mehr über die Bewertung traditioneller pflanzlicher Heilmittel und ihre Zulassung als Heilpflanze in Abhängigkeit von Inhaltsstoffen und Wirkungsweisen. Und wusstest du, dass du Wegwarte vermutlich schon verzehrt hast ... vielleicht unter dem Namen Zichorie ...?Im Podcast erwähnt:Bilder vom Cicorino auf Christines Blog https://tine-taufrisch.blogspot.com/2010/04/cicorino-und-camellia.htmlFolge 97 Kaffee + Koffein. Gesund? Ungesund? Über Energie auf Kredit, Kaffeeersatz und wilde Alternativen: https://www.buzzsprout.com/267714/2749399Folge 102 Gesundheit + Mikrobiom - Abnehmen mit Darmbakterien:https://www.buzzsprout.com/267714/3039013Hinweis: Die in diesem Podcast enthaltenen Informationen sind mit Sorgfalt zusammengestellt und geprüft worden. Eine Garantie für die Richtigkeit kann aber nicht gegeben werden. Die Angaben zu möglichen medizinischen Wirkungen von Pflanzen entstammen der Literatur, auch der Volksmedizin und traditionellen Anwendungen – sie sind nicht als medizinische Empfehlungen oder Heilaussagen zu werten. Wende Dich bei medizinischen Fragen an einen Arzt oder Heilpraktiker. Der Verzehr und Verwendung der im Podcast vorgestellten Pflanzen und Produkte erfolgt in eigener Verantwortung. Wir übernehmen keine Haftung für Schäden und Unfälle.❀ Sammlungen der Folgen kannst du auch als Hörbücher kaufen! Vielleicht als Geschenk? Oder weil du gerne deine Lieblingsfolgen parat hast? Oder einfach nur, um mit einem Kauf unseren Podcast zu unterstützen! Links zu den Angeboten auf Digistore24, Audible, iTunes und Amazon findest du auf unseren Podcast-Seiten:☞ https://www.ecoco.bio/podcast☞ https://www.wildundroh.de/podcast❀ Wir freuen uns auch, wenn du uns ein virtuelles Tässchen Tee spendierst!☞ https://www.ecoco.bio/podcast-supportDanke ❀❀ Auf wild&roh teilt Christine ihr Experten-Wissen und Angebot zu Wildpflanzen und Rohkost:☞ https://www.wildundroh.de❀ ecoco ist das bio-vegane Wiki für rundum vernünftige Entdeckungen - hol' dir Inspiration oder teile deine Tipps:☞ https://www.ecoco.bio❀ Und wenn du von uns direkt hören möchtest, wenn es mal etwas Spannendes zu berichten gibt, halten wir dich gerne auf dem Laufenden! Hinterlasse hier deine Email-Adresse:☞ https://www.ecoco.bio/podcast☞ https://www.wildundroh.de/podcastBeachte auch den Haftungsausschluss und weitere Hinweise in der Podcast-Beschreibung.Support the show (https://www.ecoco.bio/podcast-support)

Hey listeners! Back for episode 13 - welcome! Today is all about the heat wave and the drought and the lessons we can take from that and how the plants are handling it. Always looking to the plants for guidance. And today's plant profile is on Feverfew - Tanacetum parthenium, a member of the Asteraceae family. It can be found blooming right now in the Community Garden on Baldwin Ave in Brantford, Ontario. Please go help yourself to all the herbs and veggies there! @rockyroseherbals on Facebook and Instagram www.rockyroseherbals.ca Music Credit: Nikki Satira @chicorynikki on Instagram. Thanks girl!!

TALKING FLOWERS Allergy and Cut Flowers Cut flowers bring surprise and admiration for the giver but if they trigger itchy eyes and runny noses, chances are you have an allergy to those particular flowers. Pollen allergies can trigger hayfever type reactions so flowers with lots of pollen should be avoided. But how to tell? Botanical Bite Only male flowers produce pollen.   Dioecious plants have either only male or either female flowers on any one individual plant. These plants rely on mainly the wind, rarely insects to carry pollen from a male plant to a female plant to reproduce. Monoecious plants, contain both male and female flowers on the same plant, meaning that pollen must travel from flower to flower but not from plant to plant. Some monoecious plants contain male and female parts in the same flower. They’re often called “perfect flowers” and don't need any pollen to be transferred at all, as a single flower can reproduce on its own. Top 10 allergy-heavy plants The most obvious flowers and plants to steer away from are those that are wind pollinated. Believe it or not, grasses have flowers, but they're not so obvious or showy. All grass flowers are wind pollinated, these include your lawn grass. Baby's breath  (Gypsophila sp.) is popular in many florist bouquets and are planted in cottage gardens because they're easy to grow from seed. Although the flowers are small, they carry heaps of pollen of pollen. There are singles and doubles so opt for the double flowering types because they have less pollen. More petals equals less pollen, plus as the double flowers are hybrids they have a low level of pollen anyway. It also helps that all those petals prevent the pollen from flying off. Daisy Family-Asteraceae.  That includes white daises, pink daisies, yellow daisies, in fact any daisies. Daisies are very high in pollen count but even though they are not wind pollinated, allergy sufferers should avoid getting too close. Let the bees and other insects do the work. Dahlias-still in the daisy family, especially the single flowering dahlias. Sunflowers-(Helianthus anuum)still in the daisy family, but did you know you can buy seed for pollenless sunflowers? Gerberas-of course, still in the daisy family. One of the most showy of Asteraceae, but plenty of pollen. Chamomile-small daisy like flowers that look innocuous but have plenty of pollen, including the ones you pick to make chamomile tea. Amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus)-have flowers that are referred to as catkins with a high pollen count. Chrysanthemum-there are plenty of fully double chrysanthemums you could choose to lessen the impact of the high pollen count. Bottlebrush-(Callistemon sp.) although they're visited by bees and other insects for the nectar, they still have enough pollen to be blown about by the wind. Jasmine species-not only pollen but high fragrance can irritate allergy sufferers. I'm talking with Mercedes Sarmini of www.floralgossip.com.au     What to choose instead in your bouquet or vase for the home. Begonia, cactus, clematis, columbine, crocus, daffodil and geranium are some of the most allergy-friendly plants and flowers. Hosta, hydrangea, iris, lily, periwinkle, rose, tulip, zinnia are also known for being good choices.

Producers: Hazel Stark & Joe Horn Host: Hazel Stark At first glance, coltsfoot flowers resemble dandelions. These two members of the Asteraceae family share the characteristic of having flower heads comprised of many individual flowers. Photos, a full transcript, references, contact information, and more available at thenatureofphenology.wordpress.com. The post The Nature of Phenology 4/25/20: Coltsfoot first appeared on WERU 89.9 FM Blue Hill, Maine Local News and Public Affairs Archives.

Producers: Hazel Stark & Joe Horn Host: Hazel Stark At first glance, coltsfoot flowers resemble dandelions. These two members of the Asteraceae family share the characteristic of having flower heads comprised of many individual flowers. Photos, a full transcript, references, contact information, and more available at thenatureofphenology.wordpress.com. The post The Nature of Phenology 4/25/20: Coltsfoot first appeared on WERU 89.9 FM Blue Hill, Maine Local News and Public Affairs Archives.

Producers: Hazel Stark & Joe Horn Host: Hazel Stark At first glance, coltsfoot flowers resemble dandelions. These two members of the Asteraceae family share the characteristic of having flower heads comprised of many individual flowers. Photos, a full transcript, references, contact information, and more available at thenatureofphenology.wordpress.com.

PLANT OF THE WEEK African Daisy: Osteospermum spThe daisy plant family (Asteraceae) is one of the biggest in the world. In fact it includes 32,000 species and 1,900 genera and 13 sub-families. The seeds of the osteospermums are quite hard.  All are classified as sub-shrubs with green leaves and 90% of Osteospermums that you see for sale are from the same species. Botanical Bite: The daisy flower contains outer sterile ray florets (what look like petals) and the inner part of the daisy, or the 'eye' contains hundreds of tube like flowers and are referred to as disc florets. Osteospermum sp. We all know what daisy flowers look like, but what are modern day breeders doing with the colours and shapes?    Is the centre of Osteospermums always a blue eye?So let’s find out . I'm talking with Jeremy Critchley, horticulturist and owner of the Green Gallery nursery. PLAY: Osteospermum family_25th March 2020  What about those daisies that have no centre? With the fully double flowers, the disc florets that contain the sexual organs, have been genetically replaced  with petals making the flower fully double. These varieties cannot close at night, unlike the singles.  Most Osteospermum's have a blue 'eye.' Any other colour? There are two cultivars that Jeremy grows with different coloured centres: Voltage Yellow has a yellow centre. Osteospermum 3 White Lightning, creamy white with a cream white centre.   The doubles cannot close at night because of the amount of petals in the centre. There's a range called the 3D's which include yellows, reds, oranges and many shades of pink. 3D's have names like Violet  Berry, Banana Shake-usually with two tone colours.Jeremy mentioned that he used to grow 80 different colours of African daisies. Can you think of 80 different colours? Jeremy'sTop Tip: Osteo's love food, or fertiliser. The more food, the more flowers.Can you think of 80 different colours?Nope?  Well, Jeremy now only grows 30 different colours and I bet you would be hard pressed to think of more than 7. Funnily enough the classic white petals with blue centres are still the best sellers.

Roses are Red, Violets are Blue, Daisies are a type of flower belonging to the plant family known as "Asteraceae" and the origin of the name is Anglo Saxon meaning "day's eye" It's also a 1966 comedy/drama by Věra Chytilová, so enjoy as Brandon & Tyler discuss "Daisies Follow us on on Twitter, @FilmFoilPodcast, and Facebook Brandon’s Twitter: @BrandoV2 Tyler’s Twitter: @TylerJRinne Music - "Golden Sunrise" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/ Elevator Music - "Local Forecast - Elevator Music" by Kevin Macleod: http://www.orangefreesounds.com/

An astute comparison of adaptative radiations in Asteraceae with the novel coronavirus COVID-19. Plus, Carl Zimmer kicks Mike Pence in the cock. 90 minutes of rambling with Isaac Lichter, and why coming out of the closet drives the quality of one's art and writing to hell. 

An astute comparison of adaptative radiations in Asteraceae with the novel coronavirus COVID-19. Plus, Carl Zimmer kicks Mike Pence in the cock. 90 minutes of rambling with Isaac Lichter, and why coming out of the closet drives the quality of one's art and writing to hell. 

Today we celebrate the amateur botanist who was a two-time governor of South Carolina and the birthday of a French modernist painter who left peonies. We'll learn about the man who brought European grapes to California and the most important Prussian garden-artist of the 19th century. Today’s Unearthed Words feature a poem about January. We Grow That Garden Library™ with a book that helps us truly see plants. I'll talk about a garden item that is absolutely adorable, and they come in a six-pack so you'll have plenty for gifts, and then we’ll wrap things up with a charming journal entry from one of my favorite garden writers. But first, let's catch up on a few recent events.   Subscribe Apple | Google | Spotify | Stitcher | iHeart   Curated Articles Orchid and Tropical Bonsai Show: Out of This World | Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens | Pittsburgh PA Check out this post featuring a preview of the Orchid and Tropical Bonsai Show.   How to sow micro-leaves & sprouting seeds - The English Garden The English Garden @tegmagazine shared this great post about growing sprouts. Want a quick, tasty crop any time of year? Micro-leaves and sprouting seeds are the answer. You don’t even need any special equipment! This is an excellent introduction to microgreens from @tegmagazine.   Now, if you'd like to check out these curated articles for yourself, you're in luck, because I share all of it with the Listener Community in the Free Facebook Group - The Daily Gardener Community. There’s no need to take notes or search for links - the next time you're on Facebook, search for Daily Gardener Community and request to join. I'd love to meet you in the group.   Important Events 1822Today is the anniversary of the death of a two-time Governor of South Carolina, the founder of the University of South Carolina, a writer, and a botanist John Drayton. Drayton grew up in Charleston, a hub of botanical activity. He knew the French royal gardener Andre Michaux and his son, who had settled in the area. The Michaux's introduced the camellias and Indian azaleas; Joel Roberts Poinsett, the man who discovered the Poinsettia, was also a son of Charleston. And, the gardener Chancellor Waddy Thompson and Benjamin Perry also helped to shape the horticulture scene in the Greenville area. Drayton is remembered for his 1807 unpublished book “The Carolinian Florist.” Drayton listed almost a thousand plants, when they flowered, and where they could be found. Drayton presented his work to the South Carolina College library in 1807. The University South Carolina Society published it in 1943. Drayton explored Paris Mountain and the Greenville Area. He discovered the fragrant yellow honeysuckle (Lonicera flava Sims “Lah-NISS-er-ah FLAY-vah”) - commonly known as yellow honeysuckle - growing on the south side of Paris Mountain. The name Lonicera was derived from the name of the German herbalist Adam Lonitzer (1527-1586). The specific epithet "flava" and variations all reference the yellow ('flavus') or yellowish '(flavescens') color of the flowers. Honeysuckle is also known as woodbine or goat's leaf.   1832 Today is the birthday of the French modernist painter Édouard Manet (“Mah-nay”). His painting, 'Music in the Tuileries Gardens,' ("TWEE-luh-Reehs"), was his first significant work depicting modern city life. Manet grew peonies in his garden at Gennevilliers (“Jen-vill-EE-aye”). They were reportedly his favorite flower. Manet’s paintings of peonies were the perfect marriage of his skill and the subject. Manet’s loose brushwork was perfect for the petals and leaves. When the explorer Marco Polo saw peonies for the first time, he wrote that they were, “Roses as big as cabbages." In Chinese, the peony is known as the sho-yu, which means “most beautiful.” Traditionally, peonies are used to celebrate the 12th wedding anniversary. If you planted one on your Anniversary, the peony could outlive you. Peonies can live for over 100 years.   1862Today, the Hungarian vintner, Agoston Haraszthy, brought 1,400 varieties of grapevines from Europe to California and planted the first vineyard in the Sonoma Valley in California. Haraszthy's family was Hungarian nobility. Haraszthy had gotten hold of a book that reported the Wisconsin territory offered the finest land in America. So, in 1840, he immigrated to the United States. He quickly discovered Wisconsin was not the place for growing grapes. In short order, Haraszthy made his way to San Francisco during the Gold Rush. But San Francisco was not a fit with the grapes, either. It was foggy and cold. But then, in 1857, Haraszthy found the Sonoma Valley - called the "Valley of the Moon" by the writer Jack London. After a dozen years of searching, Haraszthy had found a place suitable for growing purple gold. The Sonoma Valley was the perfect place to grow European grapes - which were more delicate and finicky than North American wild grapes. Giddy with hope, Haraszthy built a white villa for his wife and six children on a property he named Buena Vista or “Good View.” Haraszthy also brought many European growing methods to his estate in California. First, he grew the grape plants closer together. This was something other growers found unwise. But Haraszthy knew that growing grapes near each other stressed the vines, which in turn, made better-tasting grapes. Second, Haraszthy was the first vinedresser to grow his grapes on the mountainsides in California. There is an old saying that the God of wine, Bacchus, loved the hills. Well, Haraszthy’s grapevines loved them, too. Finally, Haraszthy performed a green harvest - something no one had ever heard of - Least of all Haraszthy’s neighbors. Today the technique is known as dropping fruit; it merely means doing an initial early harvest of some of the grapes. The benefit of fewer grapes on the vine is that it improves the flavor of the remaining grapes. Haraszthy also brought in a team of Chinese laborers, and they worked to dig out the first wine caves in the state. The most impressive accomplishment included a 100-foot-deep stone wine cellar built on the side of a hill. In 1863, Haraszthy incorporated his vineyard as the Buena Vista Vinicultural Society. Thanks to investors, Haraszthy purchased an additional 4,000 acres making Buena Vista the second largest vineyard in the state. In 1866, a vine disease swept through the area. Haraszthy’s neighbors reactively blamed his unique growing methods for the small tasteless grapes and the brown, dying vines. In reality, the disease was Phylloxera, which is caused by an aphid that attacks vine roots. Phylloxera causes grapes to harden on the vine. It wiped out Buena Vista. Haraszthy filed for bankruptcy. With his vineyard and his reputation in tatters, Haraszthy went south to Nicaragua. He planted a massive sugar plantation, and he planned to make and sell a new beverage: rum. But, on July 6, 1869, as he was reaching for a vine while crossing a river on his property. He lost his balance, fell into the river, and was eaten by an alligator. Today, Haraszthy is remembered as “The Father of California Viticulture” (Wine-Making). In 1946, a plaque to Haraszthy was dedicated on the plaza of Sonoma. In March 2007, Haraszthy was inducted into the Vintners Hall of Fame by the Culinary Institute of America.   1866Today is the anniversary of the death of Prussian landscape architect and gardener Peter Joseph Lenné ("Linny"). Lenné is regarded as the most important Prussian garden-artist of the 19th century. He was the director of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Berlin and Potsdam. Peter came from a long line of gardeners. In many respects, his accomplishments mirror those of his younger colleague across the ocean, Frederick Law Olmsted. Lenné cofounded a Royal Horticultural Society in Germany. He worked tirelessly designing parks and landscape areas with green spaces. Lenné admired William Kent, whom he named “the father of the new landscape architecture.” Lenné established English landscape garden designs in Germany. Many of his designed spaces are now UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Lenné’s legacy includes over 100 designed spaces from including parks, gardens, canals, and avenues. Rauch memorialized Lenné with a large bust in the garden of the new palace in Potsdam. The Magnolia Lenne variety was named in his honor. Today, the Peter-Joseph-Lenné-Prize of Berlin awards fresh and creative ideas for design, planning, and use of plants in garden architecture and landscape planning.   2009The Denver Post reported that a retired English professor and amateur botanist named Al Schneider and a Colorado State University Botany student named Peggy Lyon discovered a new plant in the Asteraceae, or sunflower, family and it was called Gutierrezia elegans. ("Goo-tee-ah-REEZ-ee-ah") Al and Peggy named their variety “elegans” for its elegant qualities of symmetry. The common name of the plant that Al and Peggy discovered is the Lone Mesa snakeweed. The Spanish botanist Mariano La Gasca, who originated the Gutierrezia genus named in honor of the apothecary and professor Pedro Gutiérrez Bueno. Gutierrezia is a group of flowering plants native to western North America and western South America. Native peoples have regarded this plant family as an essential source of medicine, and plants of this genus are known generally as snakeweeds or match weeds.   Unearthed Words The days are short The sun a spark Hung thin between The dark and dark. Fat snowy footsteps Track the floor And parkas pile up Near the door. The river is A frozen place Held still beneath The trees' black lace The sky is low. The wind is gray. The radiator Purrs all day. — John Updike, January   Grow That Garden Library The Cabaret of Plants by Richard Mabey Richard Mabey has a passion for plants that come through in this beautiful book called The Cabaret of plants. As a naturalist, Richard says, he has written, "a story about plants as authors of their own lives and an argument that ignoring their vitality impoverishes our imaginations and our well-being.” Mabey is a naturalist with the voice of a poet. Mabey challenges ordinary perceptions of plants: that they are inactive, that they are background, or that they are simply props for the outdoors. Like Peter Wohlleben, Mabey sees these plants as having a self. "The Cabaret of Plants" is loaded with beautiful stories and tidbits from science, literature, and botany. It's engaging and challenging and inspiring. Mabey has been interacting with the natural world for over four decades. His 1972 book called “Food for Free” was revolutionary and taught readers how to forage. This book came out in 2015. You can get a used copy of The Cabaret of Plants by Richard Mabey and support the show, using the Amazon Link in today's Show Notes for under $5.   Great Gifts for Gardeners 6 Pack Ceramic Succulent Planter Pots Set, Wirezoll 6 Cute Owl Bonsai Pots with 3 Gardening Hand Tools for Home and Office Desktop Decoration (6) $19.99 Great decor for desk, bookshelf, dining table, living room, hosting room, etc. Great gift idea for friends and family who love indoor gardening/succulents/cactus/cacti Mini unique succulent pots, they’re perfect for showing your lovely succulent. Adding a touch of animal forest accent to your house and create your own little urban jungle with these cute owl succulent planters. Meticulously handcrafted and glaze firing, smooth glaze, and bare clay create an interesting visual contrast. Due to handcrafted, every owl planter’s glaze is different, but overall is consistent The six pcs mini owl planters are made of superior quality and breathable ceramics baked in high temperatures, which are good for your plants Each mini plant pot has its own unique owl face. Those little button eyes and beaks will make you smile every time you see your adorable owl succulent pots.   Today’s Botanic Spark 1942Today the garden writer Elizabeth Lawrence wrote to her friend, the playwright, Ann Preston Bridgers: “We had thin toast and your wild strawberry jam for tea this afternoon by the fire in my studio... Bessie and I took a salad and a pan of rolls and went to have supper with your family last night. Mrs. B. insisted upon adding both ham and chicken. We had [Ann’s mountain friend] Blanche’s walnuts for dessert. And Robert and I made Cleopatras, not so good, somehow, like the ones at Christmas… I must put the puppy to bed before he chews up all the files of Gardening Illustrated.”

CALENDULA OFFICINALIS Aka pot marigold, common marigold or Scotch marigold, is a plant in the genus Calendula of the family Asteraceae. Learn all about the benefits and uses of this herb and hear a quick DIY recipe for a simple healing ointment. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/kinfolkherbs/support

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Episode #24 the Ground Shots Podcast features a field recording of a morning spent with Epona Heathen and her child Rainan outside their camp at the 2019 Saskatoon Circle Gathering in the Methow Valley, near Twisp, Washington. Epona sings a few striking and emotive songs for me, and speaks about her intentions behind her music. This episode is especially focused on Epona's song ‘Our Lady of the Sunflower,' an ode to the Arrowleaf Balsamroot, Balsamorhiza sagittata (Asteraceae), a common and gloriously beautiful plant of western turtle island that paints the hillsides yellow in Spring.   In this conversation with Epona, we talk about:   octave mandolins and Epona's relationship with the instrument some occasional comments and conversations from Rainan, Epona's child, in the background some of the seasonal and life cycle themes that inspire Epona's music Epona's journey writing music for Rainan and connecting with her ancestors for him Epona's Irish and West African roots in the mountains of western North Carolina opening up to the love of the land faces us with the grief of it's loss too Epona's relationship with the Arrowleaf Balsamroot plant Sitting with the land when grief arises Epona sharing some of the wisdom that Finisia Medrano shared with her over the years an experience Epona had in Hell's Canyon a few thoughts on tending the wild food gardens 'hoop' in the west thoughts on the coyote and modern culture   Links: The Heathen Family on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/the_heathen_family/?hl=en Epona's personal instagram: https://www.instagram.com/once_epona_tone/ A collaborative music project of Epona and Alex Heathen: Mirror Fauna. https://mirrorfauna.bandcamp.com/ Bob Gernandt instruments– octave mandolin/ irish bazooky: http://www.gernandt.com/ A book I think folks should read to follow up on our coyote talk in the conversation: 'Coyote America' by Dan Flores Movie trailer on film being made about Finisia Medrano called ‘The Life of Fin:” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Vv9V-K7wc0 Support the podcast on Patreon to contribute to our grassroots self-funding of this project.  Support the Ground Shots Project with a one time donation: paypal.me/petitfawn   Our Instagram page @goldenberries Join the Ground Shots Podcast Facebook Group to discuss the episodes Subscribe to our newsletter for updates on the Ground Shots Project Theme music: 'Sweat and Splinters' by Mother Marrow Produced by: Opia Creative  

Take two gardeners.   They grow up learning to garden from the same person.   They read the same books on gardening.   They go to the same gardening workshops.   They tour the same public gardens.   Yet, their gardens will look different from each other. Unique. Gardens are art. They are personal. Remember that the next time you are trying to copy the look of another garden. The difference isn't just topographical... When it comes to your garden: yes, consider microclimates, plant varieties, soil, sun, and so forth.  But also, make sure to add yourself to the list of variables.     Brevities   #OTD Today is the birthday of botanist Count Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini born on this day in 1781.    His second great grandfather was the famous Italian astronomer, Giovanni Domenico Cassini; he discovered Jupiter's Great Red Spot and the Cassini division in Saturn's rings.   By the time Alexander was born, his family had married into French nobility (that's why he was born in Paris). Unfortunately, it was a bad time to go to France. Their Italian heritage and scientific work would not insulate the Cassini's from public resentment as the stage was set for the French Revolution.   Cassini took a decidedly different path than his ancestors. He was the fifth generation in a family of star scholars, so Alexandre is often distinguished from the rest of his family as Cassini V.   Cassini pursued the bar instead of the stars; as in the legal profession. As a lawyer, Cassini worked his way to the highest legal position in France in his time; "President of the Chamber." Like many folks, botany was his hobby; not his day job. It is quite notable that Cassini's botanical accomplishments took place in his off time.   Cassini's heart belonged to the sunflower family (Asteraceae) and he focused pretty much exclusively on the Compositae. It was fitting then, that the genus Cassinia(the sunflower genus) was named in his honor by the botanist Robert Brown. Over two hundred years later, many of Cassini’s detailed descriptions are still valid.   Cassini married his cousin. At the age of fifty, Cassini died of cholera. His father outlived him by thirteen years. Alexandre Cassini was the last of his name; a punctuation mark on the wonderful Cassini legacy.         #OTD On this day in 1807, Lewis and Clark returned a book that they had borrowed from Benjamin Smith and Barton to help them on their expedition.   Before they had started their track, Meriwether Lewishad visited Bartonat his home. Upon leaving, he left with a copy of The History of Louisianaby Antoine le Page.   Lewis memorialized the gesture in the flyleaf of the book. Here's what he wrote: "Dr. Benjamin Smith Barton was so obliging as to lend me this copy of Mons. le Page's History of Louisiana in June 1803.   It has been since conveyed by me to the Pacific ocean through the interior of North America on my late tour thither and is now returned to its proprietor by his friends and obedient servant,   Meriwether Lewis.   Philadelphia, May 9, 1807."       #OTD On this day in 1888 in Delaware, the Peach Blossom was voted in as the State Flower.   Peach blossoms are a beautiful, deep pink color. The blooms appear very early in the year. Frost is always a concern.   The fruit is botanically known as a drupe; It has a fleshy outer layer that covers a hard shell which contains a single seed.   The decision to go with the peach blossom, was prompted by Delaware's reputation as the peach state.   At the time, Delaware was known as the peach state and she boasted orchards containing more than 800,000 peach trees (Prunus persico, a native of China).   Delaware's peach trees were introduced by the Spanish. By the 1600s, peaches were so plentiful, it was said that Delaware farmers fed them to their pigs.   By 1875, Delaware was the country's top peach producer... until the yellows.   The yellows was a blight that destroyed Delaware's orchards. In the late 1800s, Delaware was knocked from the top spot as a peach producer. Today, Delaware produces roughly 2,000,000 pounds of peaches every year. America's leading peach grower is the state of California, producing 950,000 tons annually.         Unearthed Words     #OTD It's the birthday of botanist Hewett Cottrell Watson, the father of British plant geography born today in 1804.    Watson investigated the variability of British plant species across their ranges & compared the flora of Britain to the Azores.  In recognition of his great contributions, the botanical society of the British Isles named their journal Watsonia.   Beginning in 1834, Watson was one of the first botanists to research plant evolution. Watsons work also paved the way for a new science now known as ecology.   When Darwin created his theory of evolution, he was standing on the shoulders of curious early evolutionists like Watson.   Darwin's popularity and success overshadowed the folks like Watson who came before him. Yet, it's obvious that when Watson read Darwin's Origin, his reaction was one of wonder... and also self reflection. He spent his adult life trying to reach Darwin's conclusion. Now as an old man, he could see the match he had lit being passed to a true torch-bringer.   After reading origin, Watson wrote to Darwin. His letter is part proud dad, part awed fan, and yet, he still takes time to advise Darwin on areas to improve or take heed. In two different passages, Watson points out that Darwin had succeeded where he had stopped short; saying Darwin had figured out the quo modo or the method to knit the strings of the theory of evolution together.   Watsons letter to Darwin is quite something to read – even after all this time: 21 Nov 1859  My dear Sir Once commenced to read the ‘Origin’I could not rest till I had galloped through the whole.I shall now begin to re-read it more deliberately. Meantime I am tempted to write you the first impressions, not doubting that they will in the main be the permanent impressions. 1st. Your leading idea will assuredly become recognized as an established truth in science, i.e. “natural selection”. (It has the characteristics of all great natural truths, clarifying what was obscure, simplifying what was intricate, adding greatly to previous knowledge). You arethe greatest Revolutionist in natural history of this century, if not of all centuries. 2d. You will perhaps need in some degree to limit or modify, ... the principle of ‘natural selection’. 3d. Now these novel views are brought fairly before the scientific public, it seems truly remarkable how so many of them could have failed to see their right road sooner... A quarter century ago, you & I must have been in something like the same state of mind,on the main question. But you were able to see & work out the quo modoof the succession, the all-important thing,while I failed to grasp it. ... How greatly this,with your chronology of animal life,will shock the ideas of many men! very sincerely | Hewett C. Watson C. Darwin | Esqe Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 2540,” accessed on 26 April 2019, http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/DCP-LETT-2540     Today's book recommendation: A Nation in Bloom: Celebrating the People, Plants & Places of the Royal Horticultural Society by Matthew Biggs   The foreword is written by Alan Titchmarsh. This is a book about the RHS; the world's largest gardening charity but what it does and why is little understood and rarely celebrated. From defining new gardening trends at the Chelsea Flower Show, to ranking the best dahlias to grow at the Wisley trial grounds, to inspiring communities with Britain in Bloom, educating children to grow and eat their veg through the Campaign for School Gardening, the RHS works tirelessly to improve the gardener's lot.    With the use of evocative archive images and contemporary photos by award-winning Jason Ingram, this beautiful book explores the past, present and future of this most influential organization by listening to the voices of those working today. From the thousands of volunteers in the society's five unique gardens (Wisley in Surrey, Rosemoor in Devon, Hyde Hall in Essex, Harlow Carr in Yorkshire and new addition Bridgewater in Salford), to the one million visitors to its inspirational flower shows (including Chelsea, Hampton Court, Tatton Park, Cardiff, Wisley and Chatsworth); the society gives meaning to more than 475,000 members, millions of television viewers and visitors from around the world.  The RHS is the best of gardening, and this book presents the best of the RHS. Behind the scenes, access all areas, this book will give lasting pleasure to anyone who enjoys their garden.   Today's Garden Chore Repeat after me: Prune time follows bloom time.   Not sure when to prune spring-flowering shrubs like lilacs, and climbing roses? Prune time follows bloom time. Just after the blooms fade, it's time to prune.   Spring flowering shrubs set their buds in the fall on last year's growth. If you prune them in fall or winter, you remove next spring's flower buds.       Something Sweet  Reviving the little botanic spark in your heart   While I was researching the adoption of the Peach Blossom as the Delaware State Flower, I ran across a botanist named Erwin Frink Smith.   Smith had attempted to solve the problem of the peach yellows. Had Smith solved the problem, he will would have become world-famous. But, he didn't. Years later, it was actually the botanist Louis Otto Kunkel who discovered that a type of leafhopper was carrying the disease.   In researching Smith, I discovered a rare combination of kindness and intellect. Smith married the pretty Charlotte Mae buffet on April 13, 1893.They were quite happy together. They shared a love for reading and poetry. Tragically, Charlotte was diagnosed with endocarditis and she died eight months later on December 28, 1906.   Smith dealt with his grief by putting together a book made up of poetry, stories, and a biography of Charlotte. The book is called for her friends and mine: A book of aspirations, dreams and memories. Of it, Smith says,   "This book is a cycle of my life— seven lonely years are in it. The long ode(on page 62) is a cry of pain."   There are many touching passages – too many to share here now. (There's a link to it in the show notes that you can use to access it.)   But there's one passage from Smith describing her amazing ability to see the world with profound clarity and I thought you'd like it: Her visual powers were remarkable. They far exceeded my own. Out of doors her keen eyes were always prying into the habits of all sorts of living things: ants, spiders, bees, wasps, fish, birds, cats, dogs.   Had she cared for classification, which she did not, and been willing to make careful records, she might have become an expert naturalist. Form in nature seemed to interest her little, or at least comparative studies of form.   What did interest her tremendously was the grade of intelligence manifested in the lower forms of life. She would spend hours watching the habits of birds and insects, and never without discovering new and interesting things.   Whether she looked into the tops of the tallest trees, or the bottom of a stream, or the grass at her feet, she was always finding marvels of adaptation to wonder at, and links binding the world of life into a golden whole.   She made lists of all the birds that visited her neighborhood. She knew most of them by their songs, and some times distinguished individuals of the same species by little differences in their notes, as once a song-sparrow at Woods Hole, which had two added notes.   She knew when they nested and where, how they made their nests, and what food they brought to their young. In studying birds she used an opera glass, not a shotgun.   She was, however, a very good shot with the revolver.         Thanks for listening to the daily gardener, and remember: "For a happy, healthy life, garden every day."

What do daisies, squash, and queen bees have in common. They are all topics in this week's episode!A quote to start with...“Gardening is an active participation in the deepest mysteries of the universe.” Thomas Berry. This week we are harvesting radishes, lettuce, spinach, and green onions.Our flower this week is daisies, members of the Compositeae or Asteraceae family. (Same family, different names.)We are reminded of this quote: “Bees do have a smell, you know, and if they don't they should, for their feet are dusted with spices from a million flowers.” Ray Bradbury Some of our favorite daisy and daisy-type flowers include:Leucanthemum × superbum (Shasta Daisies) ‘Banana Cream' and ‘Becky,' Leucanthemum vulgare (oxeye daisy), Erigeron annuus (Eastern daisy fleabane)   Matricaria recutita (Chamomile)  This week's vegetable is summer squash, including varieties like Crookneck and Cue Ball. Carol wrote in her second book, Homegrown and Handpicked, about how to get rid of extra summer squash, especially when it grows too big to eat.Our dirt this week is another great book,  Queen Spotting by Hilary Kearney.    Girl Next Door Honey is Hilary's Instagram account.(Some links are affiliate links. If you click on them and make a purchase, we may receive a small compensation.)

The Aster family has nearly conquered the planet. It is one of the most diverse plant lineages on Earth and yet so many of us just pass them by without much of a thought. At least part of the reason may be the fact that composites can be difficult to identify. However, none of this has stopped my guest Joey Santore from taking a deep dive into the world of asters. What started as mostly curiosity with a hint of intimidation has since blossomed into a full on addiction with trying to get his head wrapped around the story of these plants. Along the way he is doing everything he can to share his passion with anyone who will listen in hopes that he can spark a love affair with botany in someone else's mind. Join us as we geek out about Asteraceae. Be warned, there is some strong language in this episode. This episode was produced in part by Vegreville Creek and Wetlands Fund, Kevin, Oliver, John, Johansson, Christina, Jared, Hannah, Katy Pye, Brandon, Gwen, Carly, Stephen, Botanical Tours, Moonwort Studios, Lisa, Liba, Lucas, Mohsin Kazmi Takes Pictures, doeg, Clifton, Stephanie, Rachelle, Benjamin, Eli, Rachael, Anthony, Plant By Design, Philip, Brent, Ron, Tim, Homestead Brooklyn, Brodie, Kevin, Sophia, Brian, Mark, Rens, Bendix, Irene, Holly, Caitlin, Manuel, Jennifer, Sara, and Margie.

Bobcat Kittens, Trampling Wildflowers for a Selfie, An Enigmatic Desert Sumac, the Emergence of a new species of Asteraceae in the Mexican Desert, Encountering Cartel Grow Ops in the line of Botany, and Desert Serpentine. 

A Very Brief, Low-Brow Approach to the Sunflower Family with frequent cameos by an inopportune Yukele, with frequent digressions into Palo-Endemics, Refugia, Botanical Speciation , Disjunct Populations and Molecular Phylogenetics. 

Hey Weight Loss Nation! www.TheWeightLossNation.com It's November.... The Holidays are Here! Let's plan for Thanksgiving Now! Whether you are hosting Thanksgiving at your house or you're visiting family & friends, I have the perfect dish for you to make for dessert that everyone will enjoy. If you "Plan" out what you are going to eat on Thanksgiving Day, you will "Enjoy" yourself and still maintain "control" of what you eat. Call and find out what is on the "menu" for Thanksgiving. Write down what you are going to eat. If you want to have stuffing, then have it! Just "control" how much of the stuffing you are going to eat. I'm going to have ONE Healping Tablespoon of Stuffing. I'm going to have ONE Heaping Tablespoon of Sweet Potato Casserole and I'm going to fill up on Turkey and vegetables. Then...for dessert...You'll be bringing it!  Don't worry about ANY other Dessert that is on the table. Don't even look at it. You are bringing a DELICIOUS Baked Apple Pie without the Crust! A healthier, Yummy Dessert. Everybody is going to LOVE this Dessert!   BAKED APPLE PIE WITHOUT THE CRUST  Baked cinnamon apples are a fall and winter favorite, but you can enjoy them all year! Traditional recipes use sugar. To cut down on calories, this recipe offers an alternative: Stevia Leaf Extract. At 100 calories, each serving is comparable to one fresh Granny Smith apple — the spices and flavorings add extra flavor….not calories! Ingredients 8 medium Granny Smith apples 2 tbsp cinnamon 2 tsp nutmeg 3 tbsp Stevia®                                                                            Water to coat bottom of dish The stevia plant belongs to the Asteraceae family and is a cousin of daisies and ragweed. As with many plants, there are different species. The species of stevia that is used to sweeten food (and that’s also been used medicinally for hundreds of years) is called Stevia rebaudiana. It’s native to South America, but it’s also grown in Asia. Stevia gets its sweetness from two chemicals: stevioside and rebaudioside  The “stevia” that you see today on the grocery shelves contains a leaf extract of the stevia plant called rebaudioside A (also known as reb A or rebiana). Rebiana is about 200–400 times sweeter than regular sugar. Currently, it’s used in packet sweeteners for drinks,in many food products, and for baking. One packet of a stevia-based sweetener contains about 0–1 calorie, and about 1–4 grams of carb, depending on the brand.  The brand I’m using today is called “Pie-yure” and it contains about 0 cal and 1 gram of carbs in 2 Tblspoons. The appeal of these stevia-based sweeteners,is that they’re derived from a plant, not concocted in a lab. But to say that these sweeteners are completely natural or unprocessed is NOT accurate, because the rebiana is extracted from the stevia leaf using chemicals.  So……Stevia Leaf Extract comes from the Stevia Leaf…..which is a plant. It’s NOT concocted in a lab….so, I’m using it. I bought the Organic Stevia at Sprouts. You can find it in your local health food store or buy it on Amazon. The ingredients are – Organic Stevia Leaf Extract and Maltodextrin. Maltodextrin is used as a thickener, filler or preservative in many processed foods. It's a white powder that can be taken from any starch, most commonly made from corn, rice, potato starch or wheat. Although maltodextrin comes from natural foods, it's still processed. To make things “Taste” Sweet and “Good,” that DOES NOT come off a tree or out of the ground….It’s going to be processed. This recipe calls for a small amount of Stevia Leaf Extract. If you can eat these Yummy Apples without adding more “sugar” don’t add the Stevia Leaf Extract. I can do it…..but…..I know many of you out there Nation….can not do that Today. I get it. If you “Need” SWEET right now while you are on your long-term lifestyle journey…..add the Stevia Leaf Extract. If you don’t need SWEET. Don’t add the Stevia. We good? OK….let’s make some baked apples for Thanksgiving! INSTRUCTIONS 1.    Heat oven to 350 degrees. 2.    Slice apples into 8 wedges each and place in a baking dish or pie dish. Sprinkle with cinnamon, nutmeg, and Stevia Leaf Extract. Mix so that all apples are coated. Place a small amount of water in the dish (about 1/4 in). Mix well. 3.    Bake apples uncovered for 30 minutes or until apples are soft and break apart easily. 4. Serve "hot" in a bowl.   Homemade Whipped Cream Ingredients 2 tablespoons Stevia Leaf Extract 1 cup heavy whipping cream Directions: Place a metal mixing bowl and metal whisk into the freezer for 10 to 15 minutes. Place the Stevia Leaf Extract into the mixing bowl and add the whipping cream. Whisk just until the cream reaches stiff peaks. Store any unused portion in an airtight container for up to 10 hours. When ready to use, rewhisk for 10 to 15 seconds. Nutritional information Serves   6-8 Serving size: 1 apple Total calories: 150 Total fat: 1 g Saturated fat: 0 g Sodium: 0 mg Carbohydrate: 30 g Fiber: 6 g Sugars: 19 g Protein: 1 g I want each of you to have a Joyful Thanksgiving! Enjoy your meal, your Apple Pie without the Crust Dessert! Until next time, Have a Happy, Peaceful & Healthy Week!   Hey Weight Loss Nation! www.TheWeightLossNation.com If you are ready to "finally" lose weight and keep it off forever, you need to "join Weight Loss Nation." You know the adage....."It takes a village to raise a child." The concept is the same with weight loss! Would you rather continue "yo-yo dieting" by yourself and not be able to go out to a restaurant with friends, since you know you will "struggle" with food choices? Are you happy with losing weight only to gain it back again? Do you have too much "stress" in your life? I've said all of those things and I've had every excuse in the book on why I couldn't keep weight off. Or....... Would you like to be part of a "Village" of people, who are just like you and will be there to support you every single day in a private community? Weight loss Nation has a collaboration of experts in the fields of Nutrition, Mindset, Movement, Weight Loss, Yoga, Fitness, Meditation, Emotional Eating and Post Traumatic Stress! When you become a member of Weight Loss Nation, you have access to these experts to answer your questions! Weight Loss Nation Members* have access to recipes, cooking videos and exercise videos. Weight Loss Nation participates in “Meet Ups” in the Tampa Bay, Florida area. Our Private Facebook Forum is a "no judgement zone," where you can feel safe and comfortable in sharing your comments and feelings. So.....what are you waiting for? Go to www.TheWeightLossNation.com and take the life-long journey with me and finally lose the weight forever! Members* are Weight Loss Nation Pro Support and/or Lifetime Members https://goo.gl/aJrpZT    Nutrition Disclaimer These show notes are written and produced for informational purposes only. Statements within this site have neither been evaluated or approved by the Food and Drug Administration nor a health practitioner. This site is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Content should not be considered a substitute for professional medical expertise or treatment. The reader assumes full responsibility for consulting a qualified health professional regarding health conditions or concerns, and before starting a new diet or health program. The writer(s) and publisher(s) of this site are not responsible for adverse reactions, effects, or consequences resulting from the use of any recipes or suggestions herein or procedures undertaken hereafter. This website, www.TheWeightLossNation.com, occasionally offers nutritional information for recipes contained on this site. This information is provided as a courtesy and should not be construed as a guarantee. This information is a product of online calculators such as MyFitnessPal.com, CalorieCount.com, Nutrifox.com, as well as from other sites.  Although TheWeightLossNation.com attempts to provide accurate nutritional information, these figures should be considered estimates. Varying factors such as product types or brands purchased, natural fluctuations in fresh produce, and the way ingredients are processed change the effective nutritional information in any given recipe.   Different online calculators provide different results depending on their own nutrition fact sources and algorithms. Furthermore, I am neither a chef nor a cook and I don't pretend to be. I'm also not great in Math! Under no circumstances will Weight Loss Nation LLC. be responsible for any loss or damage resulting for your reliance on nutritional information, or any other information from this site, or the www.TheWeightLossNation.com website. Information is offered as an opinion and information may not be accurate. Due your own due diligence and make your own conscious decisions.    

I’m thinking all plants and animals need a festival in their honor, so why not Isocoma tenuisecta right?

The common name of chocolate flower refers to the surprising chocolate fragrance of the flower. Another common name I came…

Fall is just a blast with all the late season blooming plants, so maybe instead of a festival for all…

There are about 90 species of Lactuca found around the world, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. Arizona Flora lists 4…

The common name Chocolate Flower refers to the morning fragrance of the flower. Another common name I came across is…

Chaetanthera Ruiz & Pav. (30 species, 1 variety, 2 hybrid forms) and Oriastrum Poepp. & Endl. (18 species, 1 variety) are among the most species-rich Astereaceae genera of the Chilean Flora. Formerly combined under one name, the two genera have been extensively revised. Chaetanthera is found mainly in Chile, with one Peruvian species and several scattered populations of other species in Andean Argentina. Oriastrum inhabits the higher elevations of the Andes, spread over Chile, Argentina, Bolivia and Peru. Systematic studies focussing on morphological and anatomical variation of characters taken from habit, involucral bracts, and achenes, combined with palynological and genetic (nr DNA) information are used to circumscribe Chaetanthera with two subgenera – Chaetanthera subgenus Chaetanthera and Chaetanthera subgenus Tylloma (D.Don) Less., and reinstate Oriastrum with two subgenera – Oriastrum subgenus Oriastrum and Oriastrum subgenus Egania (J.Rémy) A.M.R. Davies. Character variation is discussed in the context of form, function and habitat, with emphasis on the evolutionary adaptiveness of character traits seen in the two allied genera. Chaetanthera appears to show primary adaptation to cold and several secondary adaptations to arid conditions, typical of modern Chilean landscapes. Oriastrum taxa appear well-adapted to the cold, high elevations of the Andes, and show secondary developments trending towards an insular syndrome. The collated bio-geographical information of the taxa is considered in terms of endemism, hotspots and species radiations. Chaetanthera taxa have 2 loci of diversity hotspots in Chile – in Coquimbo and in Santiago. Trichome diversity and capitula morphology trends are used as evidence of species radiations in Chaetanthera. Oriastrum taxa are notable for parallel radiations of morphologically similar species within particular Andean zones: i.e., Altoandino or Altiplano. Case studies concerning three groups of Chaetanthera taxa are presented. The first case highlights the effect of the El Niño on the polymorphic C. glabrata along the Chilean Pacific coast. The second case deals with current active hybridisation between C. linearis and C. albiflora in the semi-arid Andean foothills. In the last example, incipient speciation and polymorphism between C. chilensis and C. elegans in southern Central Chile is discussed. Various statistical techniques for the analysis of hybridisation events are applied. All taxa are keyed out and described. Novel taxa are described and imaged or illustrated. Nomenclatural issues and lectotypification of 15 Chaetanthera names and 6 Oriastrum names are effected. Chaetanthera is described here with one novel species (C. pubescens A.M.R. Davies), one novel variety (C. glandulosa var. microphylla A.M.R. Davies), a new name (C. frayjorgensis A.M.R. Davies), and three new combinations: C. albiflora (Phil.) A.M.R. Davies, C. depauperata (Hook. & Arn.) A.M.R. Davies, C. taltalensis (Cabrera) A.M.R. Davies. Oriastrum is described here with four new species and one new variety: O. werdermannii A.M.R. Davies, O. famatinae A.M.R. Davies, O. tarapacensis A.M.R. Davies, O. tontalensis A.M.R. Davies and O. stuebelii var. cryptum A.M.R. Davies respectively. Five novel combinations are presented: O. abbreviatum (Cabrera) A.M.R. Davies, O. achenohirsutum (Tombesi) A.M.R. Davies, O. apiculatum (J.Rémy) A.M.R. Davies, O. revolutum (Phil.) A.M.R. Davies and O. stuebelii (Hieron.) A.M.R. Davies var. stuebelii.

Der Grundgedanke der zur vorliegenden Untersuchung führte, bestand darin, die Strukturen in den Wänden der Testaepidermiszellen repräsentativ für die ganze Tribus Lactuceae mit einem geeigneten, neu zu entwerfenden Präparationsverfahren zu untersuchen und sie damit der Systematik zur Verfügung zu stellen. Wichtig ist in diesem Zusammenhang, nicht nur das Vorhandensein diverser Strukturen in der Testaepidermis zu erkennen, sondern auch ihre Stabilität zu erforschen. Wichtig war auch zu klären, ob die oft sehr unterschiedlichen Strukturen durch Übergangsformen miteinander verbunden werden können – dies war nicht immer möglich. Da der Umfang der Tribus sehr groß ist, war es nötig, sich nach einem ersten Überblick auf einige interessante Bereiche zu konzentrieren, die dann besonders intensiv untersucht wurden. Andererseits wurden bei einigen größeren Gattungen oft nur einige wenige Arten untersucht, da das Umfeld der Gattung keine neuen Erkenntnisse erwarten ließ. Es wurden über 300 Arten von ca. 90 (von insgesamt ca. 100) Gattungen der Lactuceae und weitere 18 Arten anderer Tribus (Liabeae, Arctoteae, Vernonieae) überprüft, wobei von vielen Arten mehr als ein Beleg für die Präparation herangezogen wurde, so dass insgesamt ca. 400 Belege erfolgreich ausgewertet werden konnten. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse sollen zwar in Bezug zu anderen Arbeiten gesehen werden, jedoch nicht an bisherige Vorstellungen angepasst werden, auch wenn dadurch einige Ungereimtheiten bestehen bleiben müssen. Die Ergebnisse sollen, so wie sie sich aus der Zielsetzung der Arbeit ergeben haben, in erster Linie zur Diskussion anregen. Es wird nicht angestrebt, mit der Untersuchung dieses Merkmalskomplexes die ganze Systematik der Lactuceae zu revolutionieren. Da aber der hohe systematische Wert dieser Strukturen in der Testaepidermis durch diese Untersuchungen bewiesen wurde, sollten diese Daten doch bei zukünftigen Revisionen eine nicht zu vernachlässigende Rolle spielen. Für eine Übersicht der Verteilung der unterschiedlichen Strukturen auf die Tribus wurden schematisch die bei den untersuchten Gattungen gefundenen Strukturen auf das Tribuskonzept von BREMER (1994) aufgetragen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Strukturen in der Testaepidermis im Allgemeinen äußerst stabil sind, da sie anscheinend durch die Evolution nur wenig beeinflusst werden und damit einen hohen systematischen Wert besitzen. Es bereitet außerdem keine Probleme, auch sehr altes Herbarmaterial zu untersuchen, wodurch der für diese Art der Untersuchung nutzbare Bestand eines Herbars sehr hoch ist. Insgesamt konnten vier Hauptstrukturtypen der Testaepidermiszellwände unterschieden werden (unstrukturierter, fenestrater, retikulater und helicoider Typ) denen man aber eine gewisse natürliche Variationsbreite zugestehen muss. Daneben gibt es einige Strukturtypen, die oft nur für eine einzige Gattung charakteristisch sind (Cichorium –, Taraxacum –, Lapsanastrum –, Krigia wrightii – und Pyrrhopappus – Typ). Bis auf zwei Ausnahmen, Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallr. und Krigia biflora (Walter) S.F.Blake, konnten keine Variationen der Zellwandstrukturen innerhalb einer Art, geschweige denn innerhalb eines Individuums, festgestellt werden. Die Stabilität der Strukturen über die Gattungsebene hinaus ist bewiesen worden; manchmal sind bestimmte Strukturen für ganze Subtribus charakteristisch. So scheinen die Scorzonerinae auch nach dieser Untersuchung monophyletisch zu sein, da keine andere Gattung innerhalb der Tribus außer der monotypischen Gattung Rothmaleria den helicoiden Typ zeigt. Anderseits scheinen jedoch die Hypochaeridinae heterogen zusammengesetzt zu sein, weil im Wesentlichen ein Teil dem fenestraten Typ, ein anderer Teil dem davon sehr gut zu unterscheidenden retikulaten Typ zuzuordnen ist. Des Weiteren konnte festgestellt werden, dass man im Allgemeinen relativ wenig Unterschiede innerhalb und zwischen den Subtribus Crepidinae, Hieraciinae, Sonchinae und Lactucinae finden kann, obwohl es in diesen Subtribus auch einige Gattungen gibt, welche nicht in das übliche Schema der sonst auftretenden Strukturen passen. Wie Übergänge zwischen den verschiedenen Strukturen zu verstehen sind, konnte gut an der Gattung Scorzonera gezeigt werden. Jedoch ließen sich nicht, wie erwartet, alle Probleme lösen: Es gibt viele Gattungen, bei welchen man aussagekräftige Ergebnisse bekommen kann – bei vielen jedoch muss man sich damit abfinden, dass auch mit diesen Untersuchungen manche Probleme nicht zu lösen sind. Es müssen auch gewisse Variationsbreiten der Merkmale akzeptiert werden. So sind zum Beispiel Unterschiede zwischen nicht oder nur leicht strukturierten Zellwänden nicht sehr gewichtig; ebenso können die verschiedenen Varianten des fenestraten Typs nicht unbedingt als trennendes Merkmal verwendet werden, obwohl sie gewisse Präferenzen für bestimmte Subtribus zu haben scheinen. Einige Gattungen sind durch ihre Strukturen von den anderen Gattungen deutlich isoliert: dazu zählen insbesondere Cichorium, Taraxacum und Lapsanastrum [zusammen mit Youngia japonica (L.) DC.]. Auch die drei Gattungen Krigia [Ausnahme: K. virginica (L.) Willd.], Pyrrhopappus und Phalacroseris kann man nicht mit den restlichen Microseridinae verbinden. In einigen Fällen konnte aufgrund der Strukturen eine Fehlplatzierung aufgedeckt werden: Rothmaleria hebt sich strukturell von den übrigen Catananchinae ganz deutlich ab; möglicherweise handelt es sich bei den drei Gattungen der Catananchinae um Palaeoendemiten, die vermutlich nicht näher miteinander verwandt sind. Auch die Strukturen von Youngia japonica (L.) DC. haben mit den bei anderen Youngia–Arten gefundenen nichts gemein; die Strukturen sind jedoch sehr mit denen der Gattung Lapsanastrum verwandt. Gezeigt werden konnte auch, dass die nun monotypische Gattung Lapsana mit ihren ehemaligen ostasiatischen Arten, der jetzigen Gattung Lapsanastrum, keine Ähnlichkeiten in den Strukturen der Testaepidermis hat. Somit konnte die Spaltung dieser Gattung deutlich befürwortet werden. Die Gattung Taraxacum zeigt strukturell in all den untersuchten Arten dieselben Strukturen, steht damit aber sehr isoliert innerhalb der Crepidinae da. Da es keine Übergänge zu anderen Gattungen der Crepidinae gibt, würde man klassischerweise die Möglichkeit in Betracht ziehen, dass es sich bei Taraxacum um eine ursprünglichere Gattung handeln könnte. Dies widerspricht jedoch einigen molekularbiologischen Untersuchungen, die die Gattung Taraxacum eher für einen jungen Zweig innerhalb der Lactuceae halten. Sehr schwierig zu deuten sind auch die Ergebnisse in der Gattung Krigia, welche dort näher diskutiert wurden. Nach den klassischen Methoden der Systematik würde man nach der Untersuchung dieser Gattung eher ein hohes Alter einräumen, jedoch halten molekularbiologische Analysen die Arten dieser Gattung eher für relativ jung. Die großen genetischen Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Arten werden auf eine stark erhöhte Mutationsrate in dieser Gattung zurückgeführt. Somit bietet diese Arbeit auch die Chance, zusammen mit molekularbiologischen Untersuchungen die Möglichkeiten von einerseits modernen morphologisch– anatomischen und andererseits molekularbiologischen Methoden gegeneinander abzuwägen, um eventuell synergistische Effekte zu erzielen. Die Stabilität dieser Strukturen stellt damit automatisch die Frage nach deren Ursache. Haben diese Strukturen eine ökofunktionelle Bedeutung, z. B. einen Einfluss auf das Keimverhalten der Achänen? Es scheint zwar, dass Vertreter der Lactuceae, die in humideren Regionen vorkommen (z. B. Hieracium, Sonchus) eine Tendenz zu wenig Struktur bzw. zum fenestraten Typ haben, an aridere Bedingungen angepasste Vertreter (z. B. Cichorium, Reichardia, Scorzonerinae) eher zu stärker strukturierten Typen haben; jedoch liegen quantitative Untersuchungen hierüber noch nicht vor. Einige Gattungen (z. B. Scolymus, Cichorium, auch Rothmaleria) stehen beispielhaft für das Phänomen, dass es einige wenige Taxa gibt, die anscheinend kaum Verwandtschaft zu anderen Taxa der heutigen Lactuceae zeigen. Dies ist aber eigentlich typisch für ein natürlich gewachsenes System, in dem es immer nur ein kleiner Teil neu entstandener Arten geschafft hat, sich weiter zu entfalten. Viele Zweige sind oft wieder ausgestorben; nur einige wenige ursprüngliche Arten haben es geschafft [vielleicht auch aufgrund ihrer damaligen zufälligen Einnischung in (damals) extreme, aber stabile Habitate (z. B. Trockengebiete)], sich bis in die Neuzeit hinüberzuretten, hatten bisher aber scheinbar kein Potential zu stärkerer Radiation, vielleicht auch aufgrund der speziellen Einnischung. Es ist deshalb nicht ausgeschlossen, dass man es auch bei den Lactuceae mit einigen Palaeoendemiten zu tun hat, die systematisch schwer einzuordnen sind. Ich begrüße deshalb den Ansatz von BREMER (1994), gewisse Gattungen nicht auf Biegen und Brechen in vorhandene Verwandtschaftskreise zu pressen. Erfreulich ist, dass KAMARI & GREUTER (2000) trotz intensiver Untersuchung der neubeschriebenen Gattung Phitosia zu dem Schluss kommen, erst einmal von einer Einordnung in eine Subtribus Abstand zu nehmen und weitere Untersuchungen abzuwarten. Aufgrund der strukturellen „Ausreißer“ in einigen Subtribus sollte man auch das bisherige Subtribuskonzept in einigen Fällen überdenken. Inwieweit entspricht die aktuelle Gliederung der Tribus in Subtribus tatsächlich auch den verwandtschaftlichen Verhältnissen? Wie auch einige anderen Gattungen mit sehr charakteristischen, nur auf sie zutreffenden Strukturen gezeigt haben, könnten bereits ausgestorbene „missing links“ existiert haben. Denn nur selten kann man Bindeglieder finden, die zwischen den verschiedenen Strukturen vermitteln. Andererseits könnten, wenn nur wenige Mutationsereignisse dafür notwendig wären, natürlich auch solche Strukturänderungen schlagartig erfolgen. Diese Arbeit soll mit den hier gewonnenen Ergebnissen Bewegung in etablierte Systemvorstellungen bringen und dazu verleiten, mit anderen Methoden die hier aufgeworfenen Fragen zu beantworten und die hier vorgestellte Methode der Merkmalsgewinnung in anderen Gruppen der Angiospermae zu versuchen.