Podcasts about stanford engineering

Neurobiologist Jamie Zeitzer is an expert on sleep – or, more accurately, an expert on why so many can't sleep. He notes that, ironically, it's often anxiety about sleep that prevents good sleep. In short, we lose sleep over lost sleep. Wearables and other tools can help but only to a point, and medications do not induce natural sleep. Instead, he counsels consistent routines, less stimulation at bedtime, and cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce worry about insomnia. Unfortunately, you can't work harder to get better sleep – you have to learn to relax, Zeitzer tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Jamie ZeitzerConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Jamie Zeitzer, professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University.(00:03:12) Understanding Circadian RhythmsHow the biological clock regulates sleep and other body functions.(00:04:57) The Mystery of Sleep's PurposeWhat is still unknown about the fundamental need for sleep.(00:06:00) Light and the Circadian ClockThe impact light exposure has on the body's internal sleep timing.(00:08:13) Day and Night Light ContrastThe importance of creating a light-dark contrast for healthy rhythms.(00:11:18) Phones, Screens, and the Blue LightWhether blue light from screen use affects sleep quality.(00:13:49) Defining and Diagnosing Sleep ProblemsHow stress and over-focus on sleep quality worsen insomnia.(00:16:02) Sleep Anxiety and WearablesThe psychological downsides of sleep data from tracking devices.(00:17:14) CBT-I and Rethinking InsomniaMentally reframing sleep with cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia.(00:21:21) Desynchronized Sleep PatternsStudying student sleep patterns to separate circadian vs. sleep effects.(00:23:49) Shift Work and Circadian MisalignmentThe difficulty of re-aligning circadian clocks in rotating shifts.(00:26:26) Effectiveness of Sleep MedicationsThe various drugs used to promote sleep and their pros and cons.(00:29:46) Circadian “Sleep Cliff” and MelatoninThe brain's “wake zone” before sleep and the limited effects of melatonin.(00:32:52) Do's & Don'ts for Better SleepAdvice for those looking to improve their sleep quality.(00:34:55) Alcohol and Caffeine EffectsHow metabolism influences the effects of alcohol and caffeine on sleep.(00:37:24) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Deborah Kado is a geriatrician who believes her field is misunderstood. Her interest in the science of aging began with a childhood encounter in a nursing home but recently resulted in intriguing work in which Kado linked microbes in the gut to vitamin D metabolism and poor sleep. Kado refuses to blame aging alone for health problems, advocating for better care regardless of age. It's never too late to strive for better health, Kado tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Deborah KadoConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Deborah Kado, a professor of medicine and epidemiology at Stanford University.(00:03:22) Origin Story in GeriatricsHow a childhood encounter led to Deborah's career in geriatrics.(00:06:04) Geriatrics vs. GerontologyThe clinical and research distinctions between the two related fields.(00:06:58) Rethinking AgingReframing aging as a lifelong process rather than decline and loss.(00:08:34) Patient Care ApproachWhy symptoms should be investigated, not dismissed as inevitable aging.(00:11:33) Linking Bone Health, Gut, and BrainThe surprising relationship between microbiomes, bones, and cognition.(00:14:34) Vitamin D: Storage vs. Active FormWhy only the active form of vitamin D correlates with microbiome health.(00:17:22) Gut Health and SleepHow better sleep quality is linked to healthier microbiomes.(00:21:20) Medical Education & Geriatric TrainingThe shortage of geriatrics training in U.S. medical schools.(00:23:08) Measuring Geriatric KnowledgeThe challenges and efforts to measure student knowledge about aging.(00:27:24) Takeaways for Medical ProfessionalsTwo anecdotes where symptoms were misattributed to old age.(00:30:51) Empowering Aging PatientsAdvice to aging individuals: agency, purpose, and not settling for less care.(00:34:02) Conclusion  Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

It's teacher appreciation week and along with schools across the country, we here at The Future of Everything want to send out a heartfelt thank you to the teachers who make a difference every day in the lives of our children and in society as a whole. In light of this, we're re-running an education related episode, and more specifically one on the future of educational technology with the Dean of the Stanford School of Education, Dan Schwartz. Dan is exploring effective ways to use AI in the classroom to support teachers–not to replace them–and to enhance student learning. We hope you'll take a moment to tune in again and enjoy.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Daniel SchwartzConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Dan Schwartz, Dean of the School of Education at Stanford University.(00:01:44) The Role of AI in Modern EducationThe widespread reactions and implications of AI in education.(00:02:59) Technology in the ClassroomThe historical and evolving relationship between technology and education.(00:04:51) Engaging Students with AIHow AI can enhance engagement through innovative teaching.(00:07:45) Impact of AI on Student LearningThe balance between AI tools and maintaining educational standards.(00:13:21) Challenges with EdTech CollaborationConcerns about industry prioritizing speed over creativity in learning tools.(00:15:23) Teachers Adapting to AIThe role of teachers in effectively integrating AI into the classroom.(00:18:21) Assessment and Grading with AIThe potential and concerns of using AI for educational assessment(00:22:16) AI and Conceptual UnderstandingHow AI can shift focus from task completion to true understanding.(00:24:49) Physical Activity and LearningThe connection between physical activity and improved learning outcomes.(00:28:59) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Lisa Patel is a pediatrician and an expert in environmental health who says that pollution is taking an increasing toll on children's health. Pollution from wildfires, fossil fuels, and plastics can cause asthma, pneumonia, and risks dementia in the long-term. But, she says, all hope is not lost. Solutions range from DIY air filters to choosing induction stoves over gas, cutting down on meat consumption and plastics use, and pursuing clean energy, among other strategies. If we all take local action, we can solve this problem globally, Patel tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Lisa PatelConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Lisa Patel, a professor of pediatrics at Stanford University.(00:03:39) Climate Advocacy JourneyThe personal events that drove Lisa's focus to environmental health.(00:04:53) Fossil Fuels and Clean Air ActHow fossil fuels and weakened regulations harm public health.(00:07:20 Long-Term Health ImpactsLinks between pollution to asthma, cancer, and early Alzheimer's.(00:10:12) Air Quality Guidance for FamiliesAdvising parents on air quality monitoring and precautions.(00:13:04) Indoor Cooking and Gas PollutionHow pollution from gas stoves impacts indoor air quality.(00:14:37) Lead in Water and Health RisksCurrent issues with lead exposure in water for children.(00:16:24) Microplastics and Early Health DamageEvidence showing widespread microplastics are harmful to health.(00:19:12) Clean Energy Progress and SetbacksBenefits of renewable energy and dangers of policy rollback.(00:21:22) Active Transport and Better AirThe environmental impact of increasing public transit.(00:22:44) Benefits of Electric VehiclesHow electric vehicles are linked to cleaner air and healthier kids.(00:23:51) Plant-Forward Diets for HealthWhether plant-forward diets aid personal and planetary health.(00:25:33) Kids Leading Dietary ChangesChildren's reactions and adaptations to plant-forward diets.(00:28:12) Taking Local ActionThe local actions that can offer real solutions for change.(00:31:01) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Michael Wara is a lawyer and an expert in wildfire policy who says that solutions are out there, but face financial, political, and cultural resistance. What's needed, he says, are “whole-of-society” approaches that raise wildfire risk to the community level. In this regard, the devastation in Los Angeles in 2025 could provide the spark needed for smarter communication, better policies, and renewed urgency on wildfires, Wara tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Michael WaraConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Michael Wara, a wildfire expert and professor of law at Stanford University.(00:03:17) Journey to Wildfire ResearchHow Michael's clean energy work led to wildfire research.(00:04:48) Communities at the FrontlinesThe community-level challenges and responsibilities in fire prevention.(00:07:05) Shifting Community PerspectivesHow awareness is rising but state efforts remain misaligned.(00:09:28) Legacy Homes, Modern RiskWhy older homes pose a major risk and retrofitting is crucial.(00:11:06) The Limits of Utility-Led Safety EffortsThe significant but insufficient progress utilities have made.(00:14:35) Targeting High-Risk AreasHow utilities now prioritize high-risk areas for safety upgrades.(00:15:42) Insurance Industry RealitiesWhy insurers can't price risk without crashing markets.(00:18:24) Urban WildfiresHow today's major fires in suburbs are mostly fueled by homes.(00:23:24) The Climate Change MultiplierThe impact of atmospheric dryness and fuel moisture on fire risk.(00:25:57) New Fire RegulationsRecent mandates that have been implemented to decrease fire risk.(00:30:58) Hollywood's Role in Culture ChangeMichael's suggestion to showcase fire-safe landscaping.(00:33:04) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Physician and psychologist Heidi Feldman is a pioneer in the field of developmental behavioral pediatrics who says that the world's understanding of childhood disability is changing and so too are the ways we approach it. Where once institutionalization was common, today we find integrative, family-centered approaches, charting a more humane, hopeful path forward. For example, for children born prematurely with increased likelihood of disability, increasing skin-to-skin contact – what is called  “kangaroo care” – can literally reshape that child's brain development, she tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Heidi M. FeldmanConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest  Heidi Feldman, professor of pediatrics at Stanford University.(00:03:26) Path to Developmental PediatricsHeidi's journey from education to developmental-behavioral pediatrics.(00:05:10) The Emergence of Developmental PediatricsHow developmental disabilities entered the medical mainstream.(00:07:30) Common Disorders in ChildrenThe most prevalent disabilities seen in practice and diagnostic trends.(00:09:46) Preterm Birth and Disability RiskWhy premature birth is a major risk factor for developmental challenges.(00:13:53) Brain Connections and OutcomesHow white matter and brain circuitry impact development.(00:17:09) Kangaroo Care's PotentialHow skin-to-skin contact positively influences brain development.(00:21:30) Inclusive Family and Community SupportWhy integrated care and inclusive classrooms benefit all children.(00:23:37) Social and Economic UpsidesCost savings and increased independence from inclusive care.(00:24:33) Transitioning to Adult CareGaps and opportunities in supporting disabled youth into adulthood.(00:27:12) Using AI to Improve Care QualityAI models help track whether care guidelines are being followed.(00:31:00) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Nora Freeman Engstrom is a professor of law who says that in three-quarters of cases one or more of the parties lacks legal representation. Worse yet, often the litigants are involved in high-consequence civil cases where there is no right to a lawyer and costs are prohibitive. Some states are looking at alternatives including non-lawyer representation, curated legal help for low-income citizens, and even AI, as Engstrom tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Nora Freeman EngstromConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Nora Freeman Engstrom, a professor of law at Stanford University.(00:03:11) Path to Justice WorkNora's journey into legal ethics and justice reform.(00:04:46) Misconceptions About Civil CourtHow civil cases often involve one represented and one unrepresented party.(00:08:40) Limits of Judicial HelpWhy the U.S. adversarial system limits judicial involvement.(00:10:40) Problems with Self-HelpThe lack of reliable resources for people trying to represent themselves.(00:13:41) The Cost of Legal HelpThe high cost of representation and how legal aid is overwhelmed.(00:15:20) A Missing MiddleHow law lacks mid-level professionals to offer affordable legal help.(00:17:41) Expanding Legal AccessWhy law lacks mid-level roles and bans non-lawyer advice.(00:22:22) New Models for Legal SupportThe ways some states are testing trained non-lawyers to expand access.(00:27:22) Legal Help in the PastThe history of legal access, including lawyers in banks and auto clubs.(00:30:29) Legal ProtectionismHow depression-era protectionism led to today's lawyer-only model(00:32:48) The Role of AI in Legal AccessThe potential of AI for creating smarter legal tools for courts.(00:35:52) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Physician Tina Stankovic is an ear, nose, and throat specialist and a lover of music whose seemingly disparate pursuits — medicine and music — have led her to a groundbreaking career in hearing research. She recently worked with music legend Paul Simon during his well-publicized battle with hearing loss and he has become a vocal advocate for hearing research. New understandings and new approaches like regenerative medicine have put the once-impossible dream of hearing restoration within reach, Stankovic tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Konstantina M. StankovicStanford Researchers Assist Paul Simon with his Return to the StageInside the Stanford Initiative to Cure Hearing Loss: Cutting-Edge Science and InnovationConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Tina Stankovic, a professor of otolaryngology and neurosurgery at Stanford University.(00:03:36) Why Hearing LossWhat inspired Tina's lifelong journey into hearing science.(00:04:17) Treating Hearing LossLimits of current options and lack of FDA-approved therapies.(00:05:23) Causes of Hearing LossThe two main categories of hearing loss: conductive vs. sensorineural.(00:07:47) Inside the Inner EarThe complexity of the inner ear, and why diagnosis is so difficult.(00:09:22) Tinnitus & Hearing LossWhy ear damage can cause phantom sounds in the brain.(00:10:28) Emerging Technologies in Hearing ResearchNew technologies that are evolving treatment approaches.(00:15:19) Recreating the Ear in the LabChallenges the inner ear's unique composition pose to researchers.(00:20:02) AI Applications in Hearing DiagnosisThe ways AI is transforming diagnosis and genetic analysis.(00:21:31) Can Ears Regrow?Why humans don't regenerate ear cells—but mice might help.(00:23:55) Emotional & Social Toll of Hearing LossHow hearing loss can lead to isolation, stigma, and cognitive decline.(00:26:06) Born Deaf vs. Later Hearing LossExperiential differences between those with early and late hearing loss.(00:27:52) Paul Simon's Role and AdvocacyHow the artist got involved with Tina's work and the initiative at Stanford.(00:29:44) Protecting Your HearingBest practices for protecting your hearing.(00:33:21) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Michael Rau is a professor, theater director, and tech innovator in one. He says that today's technologies – AI, gaming, interactive storytelling, and even email – are reshaping what performers can do on stage and how audiences experience those performances. The best of the stage has always been about reflecting life, and technology is part of how we live today. It belongs on the stage, as Rau tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Michael RauConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Michael Rau, a professor of theatre and performance studies at Stanford University.(00:03:16) Why Theater Needs TechnologyHow AI and digital media are reshaping live performance.(00:05:15) AI & Emerging Theater TechAI scripts, machine learning, AR, and interactive storytelling.(00:07:28) Theater as FoodHow both classic and experimental theatre styles can coexist.(00:10:13) The Relationship Between Theater & GamingTheatrical storytelling and its deep connection to gaming.(00:14:40) The Debate on LivenessWhether live actors are necessary to theatre performances.(00:20:2) Temping: A Play Without ActorsRau's theatrical piece where the audience becomes the protagonist.(00:25:38) AI's Role in TheaterAI-generated visuals and scripts reshape storytelling and performance.(00:30:44) AI-Driven ImprovAI-driven improv requires new skills, blending structure with spontaneity.(00:33:44) Should Audiences Know AI Is Involved?How transparency increases audience engagement and appreciation(00:35:30) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

We've been thinking a lot about culture recently, and reflecting on how–whether or not we're aware of it–culture is a force that's always exerting influence on us. It's typically only when we get outside of our daily routine, our city or even our country, and are confronted with new ways of doing things that we can clearly see the values, norms, and practices that make up the culture we live in. Today, we're re-running a thought-provoking conversation we had with Michele Gelfand about notions of what she calls “tight” and “loose” cultures. It's a conversation that helps illuminate some of the invisible forces of culture, and also sheds light on how understanding these forces helps us better navigate the world. We hope you'll take another listen and enjoy. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Michele Gelfand Mindset QuizConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces Michele Gelfand, a professor of psychology and business studies at Stanford University.(00:02:22) What is Culture?Defining culture as a set of norms, values, and beliefs.(00:03:36) The Tight-Loose ContinuumTight versus loose cultures and their enforcement of social norms.(00:06:20) Individual vs Societal Tight-LooseThe differences in tight-loose orientation across individuals and nations.(00:08:25) Tight-Loose Across Societal LevelsHow history, ecology, and mobility shape cultural tightness or looseness.(00:11:25) Cultural Intelligence (CQ)The role of cultural intelligence in negotiations and leadership.(00:16:21) Tight-Loose in Personal & Professional LifeNegotiating cultural differences in relationships and organizations.(00:19:53) Cultural Evolutionary MismatchCultural responses to crises and the influence of perceived vs. real threats.(00:23:45) Tight-Loose Differences in BusinessCultural differences in mergers, acquisitions, and financial performance.(00:25:58) Improving Cultural IntelligenceWhether individuals can improve their CQ through practice and exposure.(00:28:37) Tight-Loose in PoliticsThe growing tight-loose divide in political and social issues.(00:31:09) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

We are on the cusp of a materials revolution – in electronics, health care, and avionics – says guest engineer-scientist Eric Pop. For instance, silicon and copper have served electronics admirably for decades, he says, but at the nanoscale, better materials will be needed. Atomically thin two-dimensional semiconductors (like molybdenum disulfide) and topological semimetals (like niobium phosphide) are two candidates, but with AI tools to design new materials, the future is going to be really interesting, Pop tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Eric PopConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss introduces guest Eric Pop, a professor of electrical engineering and materials science at Stanford University(00:02:59) The Status of Electronics TodayThe stability of silicon and copper and the challenges with miniaturization.(00:06:25) Limits of Current MaterialsHow miniaturization has increased speed but also created new bottlenecks.(00:10:29) Universal MemoryThe need for faster, non-volatile memory that integrates directly with the CPU.(00:14:57) The Search for Next-Gen MaterialsExploring better materials for chips, from silicon to copper alternatives.(00:17:54) Challenges of Copper at NanoscaleIssues with copper at the nanoscale and the potential of niobium phosphate.(00:24:46) Two-Dimensional SemiconductorsThe potential of carbon nanotubes and 2D materials as replacements for silicon.(00:29:47) Nanoelectronics and ManufacturingThe shift to 2D materials and the challenges in scaling up production(00:32:34) AI in Material DiscoveryAI's potential in discovering and manufacturing new materials.(00:34:56) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Physician Ash Alizadeh has seen the future of disease diagnosis and monitoring. It is coursing through every patient's veins. Traditionally, biopsies have required invasively gathering tissue – from a lung, a liver, or a fetus. Now it's possible to look for disease without surgery. The DNA is sitting there in the bloodstream, Alizadeh tells host Russ Altman, as they preview the age of liquid biopsies on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Ash A. Alizadeh, MD/PhDConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Ash Alizadeh, a faculty member at Stanford University in Oncology and Medicine.(00:03:39) What is a Liquid Biopsy?Accessing tissues non-invasively using bodily fluids.(00:04:31) Detecting Cancer with Liquid BiopsiesHow localized cancers can be detected through blood samples.(00:06:32) The Science Behind Cancer DNA DetectionThe differences between normal and cancer DNA(00:09:51) How Liquid Biopsy Technology WorksThe technologies behind detecting cancer-related DNA differences.(00:12:36) Advances in Liquid BiopsyNew detection approaches using non-mutant molecules and RNA.(00:14:10) RNA as a Real-Time Tumor MarkerHow RNA reveals active tumor processes and drug resistance.(00:15:55) Tracking Cancer ReccurenceUsing tumor-informed panels to monitor cancer recurrence.(00:16:28)  Adapting to Tumor EvolutionWhy core mutations remain detectable despite cancer changes.(00:17:57) Stability of DNA, RNA, and MethylationComparing durability and reliability of different biomarkers.(00:20:49) Listener Question: Early Cancer DetectionDaniel Kim asks about pre-cancer detection and its potential impact.(00:24:44) Liquid Biopsy in ImmunotherapyUsing liquid biopsy to track and improve immune-based treatments.(00:27:35) Monitoring CAR T-Cell TherapyHow liquid biopsy helps assess immune cell expansion.(00:32:02) EPIC-Seq: Inferring RNA from DNAUsing DNA fragmentation to predict gene expression in tumors.(00:34:49) Targeting Tumor Support SystemsTreatment strategies disrupting the tumor microenvironment.(00:35:52) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

February is American Heart Month, and in light of that, we're bringing back an episode about a group here at Stanford Engineering that's developing 3D printing methods for human tissues and organs, a process known as bioprinting. Motivated in part by the critical need for heart transplants, Mark Skylar-Scott and his team are specifically working to bioprint tissues of the human heart. It may sound like science fiction, but it's actually just another example of the groundbreaking research we do here. We hope you'll take another listen and be inspired by the possibilities.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Mark A. Skylar-ScottMark's Lab: The Skylar-Scott Lab | Stanford MedicineConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest, Mark Skylar-Scott, a professor of bioengineering at Stanford University.(00:02:06) What is Bioprinting?The role of cells and biopolymers in printing functional biological structures.(00:03:31) Bioprinting a HeartThe potential of printing organs on demand, especially heart tissue.(00:04:38) Obtaining Cells for BioprintingUsing stem cells derived from the patient's own cells to create heart tissue.(00:06:29) Creating Multiple Cell Types for the HeartThe challenge of printing eleven different heart cell types with precision.(00:08:50) The Scaffold for 3D PrintingThe support material used in 3D printing and how it's later removed.(00:10:10) Cell Migration and Organ FormationHow cells organize themselves to form functional heart tissue.(00:12:08) Growing a Full-Sized HeartWhether they're printing full-sized hearts or starting with smaller organs.(00:13:34) Avoiding Overgrowth RisksThe role of bioreactors in shaping the early stages of the organ.(00:14:57) Scaling Up Cell ProductionThe need to generate massive numbers of cells for experimentation.(00:18:32) The Challenge of VascularizationCreating a blood vessel network to supply oxygen and nutrients.(00:22:35) Ethical Considerations in BioprintingConsent, stem cell sourcing, and the broader ethical landscape.(00:26:04) The Timeline for Bioprinted OrgansThe long timeline for bioprinted organs to reach clinical use.(00:27:24) The State of the Field & CollaborationThe collaborative, competitive biofabrication field and its rapid progress.(00:28:20) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Welcome to Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything, the podcast that delves into groundbreaking research and innovations that are shaping the world and inventing the future. The University has a long history of doing work to positively impact the world and it's a joy to share about the people who are doing this work, what motivates them, and how their work is creating a better future for everybody. Join us every Friday for new episodes featuring insightful conversations with Stanford faculty and to discover how Stanford's research is transforming tomorrow's world. Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Guest Kristy Red-Horse is a biologist who specializes in coronary artery development and disease. She says the latest advances in treatment of blockages could do away with invasive bypass surgeries in favor of growing new arteries using molecules like CXCL12, known to promote artery regrowth in mice. Red-Horse explains how leaps forward in medical imaging, expanding atlases of gene expressions, and new drug delivery mechanisms could someday lead to trials in humans. But, before that day can arrive, much work remains, as Red-Horse tells host Russ Altman in this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Kristy Red-HorseKristy's Lab: Red-Horse LabConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces Kristy Red-Horse, a professor of biology at Stanford University.(00:03:46) Replacing Open-Heart SurgeryWhy bypass surgery is invasive, risky, and requires long recovery.(00:05:09) Challenges in Artery GrowthThe difficulty of targeting artery growth with medical interventions.(00:07:32) The Role of Collateral ArteriesDefinition and function of collateral arteries as natural bypass.(00:09:37) Triggers for Natural Bypass FormationGenetic factors that may influence the growth of these bypass arteries.(00:10:49) Unique Properties of Coronary ArteriesChallenges of ensuring artificial growth replicates natural artery function.(00:13:04) The Discovery of CXCL12A key molecule that stimulates collateral artery formation.(00:16:16) Precise Artery Growth ControlThe results of targeted CXCL12 injections into mice hearts.(00:17:32) CXCL12's Overlooked RoleThe molecule's role in the immune system and stem cells.(00:20:27) Guinea Pigs and Heart Attack ResistanceHow guinea pigs naturally develop collaterals.(00:23:19) Preventing Heart DiseaseUsing artery growth treatments to target early-stage coronary disease.(00:25:25) Breakthroughs in Imaging TechnologyNew technology that enables identification of collateral growth pathways.(00:27:07) How Collateral Arteries FormThe two mechanisms in which new arteries form.(00:28:48) The Future of Medical Artery GrowthThe possibility of eliminating bypass surgery with targeted artery growth. Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Materials scientist and physicist Guosong Hong is an expert in getting materials to do remarkable things. Recently, he and collaborators used a common food dye found in snack chips to turn living tissue transparent, allowing light to penetrate through skin and muscle. Hong is now working to realize a new age of medical imaging that lets doctors see deep into the body – without surgery. It's a miracle of physics but it could change medicine, Hong tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: ​​Guosong HongGuosong's Lab: THE HONG LABConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces Guosong Hong, an expert in physics, material science, and biology from Stanford University.(00:02:52) Material Science Meets NeuroscienceHow Guosong's research blends nanomaterials and brain science.(00:04:01) Why Tissue Isn't TransparentThe challenge of light penetration in biological tissues.(00:05:55) A New Approach to Tissue ClearingThe physics behind tissue transparency and refractive index manipulation.(00:08:57) UV Light and TransparencyHow manipulating UV absorption can align refractive indexes.(00:11:17) First Experiments and ResultsInitial tests that demonstrate successful tissue clearing.(00:13:19) Applications in MedicineThe potential of transparent tissues in dermatology and medical imaging.(00:15:36) Testing on Live TissueThe results of testing transparency techniques on live mice.(00:19:30) Transparency in NatureHow some species have naturally transparent tissue.(00:20:52) Human Eye and Protein TransparencyThe unique proteins that keep our lenses clear using similar physics.(00:23:24) Wireless Light Inside the BodyThe development of ultrasound-activated light sources for tissue imaging.(00:26:56) Precision of Ultrasound LightHow precisely ultrasound can trigger tiny particles to emit light.(00:29:14) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

With the tremendous amount of information available to us today, the ability to discern what's reliable from what's not is crucial to combating the spread of misinformation. In 2023, we sat down with Jonathan Osborne, an expert in science education to talk about the tools our students (and really all of us!) need to critically evaluate science news and information. We hope you'll tune into this episode again to hear about the three valuable skills Osborne says we should be teaching our students so they can debunk scientific misinformation.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Jonathan OsborneConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces Jonathan Osborne, a professor of education at Stanford University.(00:01:50) State of Science EducationCurrent education's failure to prepare students for misinformation.(00:03:46) Internet-Age ChallengesWhy younger generations struggle with evaluating credibility online.(00:05:07) Tools for Evaluating ClaimsThree key questions to assess scientific credibility.(00:08:10) Teaching CredibilityUsing interactive challenges to teach critical thinking.(00:10:46) Attitudes Toward ScienceFlaws in the way science education is currently taught to youth.(00:14:28) Barriers to ReformResistance to curriculum changes and systemic challenges.(00:19:02) Scientific ArgumentationThe importance of teaching reasoning behind scientific discoveries.(00:24:03) Modes of Scientific ArgumentationDeductive, abductive, and inductive reasoning as key scientific methods.(00:25:45) Inspiring Curiosity in ScienceFraming science as imaginative, evidence-backed ideas to engage students.(00:28:06) Adapting Science StandardsThe need for flexible standards to address evolving education challenges.(00:29:57) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Oceanographer Kristen Davis, an authority on ocean physics and climate sustainability, discusses the growing excitement around seaweed and kelp as tools to combat climate change. Like trees on land, these underwater plants use photosynthesis to absorb carbon dioxide and convert it into organic matter. When they die, some of that carbon may sink to the ocean depths. However, the science is still evolving and there's a lot we don't yet understand about how seaweed farming might impact carbon sequestration. Davis shares insights into the ongoing research and its promise on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast with host Russ Altman.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Kristen DavisConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Kristen Davis, a professor of oceans at Stanford University.(00:03:20) Understanding the CO2 ProblemThe origins of the CO2 problem and its connection to ocean dynamics.(00:06:11) Seaweed as a SolutionSeaweed's potential as a carbon sink and its comparison to terrestrial trees.(00:09:02) Challenges in Seaweed CultivationEcological impacts and practical challenges of scaling seaweed farming.(00:12:00) How a Seaweed-Based Solution WorksLogistics for seaweed farming nearshore and in deep ocean settings.(00:15:08) Genetic Advances in Seaweed FarmingBioengineering seaweed for resilience and optimizing carbon capture.(00:16:43) Seaweed Beyond Carbon StoragePotential uses of seaweed for biofuel, food, and reducing methane.(00:20:20) Internal Waves in Ocean DynamicsInternal waves and their role in mixing and nutrient distribution.(00:24:18) Currents vs. Internal WavesThe relationship between ocean currents and internal waves.(00:26:47) Measurement TechnologiesInnovations in fiber-optic sensors for mapping internal waves.(00:30:22) A Global Wave MapThe vision for a comprehensive, global study of internal wave dynamics.(00:31:22) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Nephrologist Manjula Tamura discusses the downsides of kidney dialysis, especially for old or frail patients. Her field has set its sights on offering alternatives, including supportive medical management without dialysis, dialysis in increments, wearable artificial kidneys, and transplanted kidneys from genetically modified pigs – in addition to advances in preventive care that can help humans avoid kidney failure in the first place. Dialysis can extend life, she says, but it is a lifestyle change. The goal is to ensure that every patient's choice aligns with their values and life goals, Tamura tells host Russ Altman in this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Manjula Kurella TamuraConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest, Manjula Tamura, a professor of medicine and nephrology at Stanford University Medical School.(00:02:58) The Kidney's Vital RoleThe kidney's role and why its failure is life-threatening.(00:04:51) Causes of Kidney FailureThe leading causes of kidney failure in developed countries.(00:07:58) Kidney TransplantationThe feasibility, barriers, and supply challenges of kidney transplantation.(00:09:50) The Dialysis ProcessHow hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis work and patient experiences.(00:14:07) The Evolution of Dialysis TreatmentThe history of dialysis and how Medicare's expansion influenced its use.(00:18:48) Study Design: Emulating Clinical TrialsUsing VA electronic health records to simulate trials on dialysis.(00:25:31) Findings: Survival vs. Time at HomeThe trade-offs between extended survival and reduced time at home.(00:27:02) Quality of Life and DialysisMeasuring quality of life impacts through electronic health records.(00:30:32) The Future of Kidney TreatmentsInnovations like xenotransplantation and wearable artificial kidneys.(00:33:04) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Guest Renee Zhao works at the cutting-edge of robotic surgery – literally. Emboldened by advances in 3D-printing and miniaturization, she builds “millibots,” magnet-controlled, millimeter-scale soft robots that navigate the bloodstream to remove blood clots and treat brain aneurysms. While the millibot's promise is clear, much work remains before the devices are commonplace. Revolutionizing health care with surgical robots will require a delicate balance of design, buildability, and functionality, Zhao tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile:  Renee ZhaoConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Renee Zhao, a professor of mechanical engineering at Stanford University.(00:03:34) Robotic Surgery and HealthcareRenee's inspiration for soft robotics and its potential in healthcare applications.(00:05:49) Current Status of Robotic SurgeryCurrent robotic surgery technologies and the push for more advanced solutions.(00:09:32) Nature-Inspired Soft RoboticsHow soft robotic systems are ideal for working within delicate human tissues.(00:11:41) Millirobotic SystemsRecently developed millimeter-sized robots that swim and navigate blood vessels.(00:14:46) Millirobot ControlThe role of magnetic fields and imaging technology for robot navigation.(00:17:18) Treating Blood Clots and AneurysmsThe multifunctional abilities of robots to deliver drugs and treat blood clots.(00:19:46) Doctor's Reaction to New TechnologyExcitement for the new robotic advancements amongst the need for better tools.(00:21:04) Trends in Robot Size and FunctionalityThe design challenges for creating small yet functional robots.(00:25:52) AI and Machine Learning in Robotic DesignAI's role in optimizing robot design for specific patients.(00:28:59)  Why Millimeter-Scale RobotsWhy millirobots strike the right balance for performance and functionality.(00:32:34) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Happy New Year! For many of us, a new year brings a renewed sense of motivation when it comes to health. Earlier this year, Russ sat down to speak with Jonathan Long, a Stanford biochemist who studies the chemicals produced during exercise. The conversation was one of our most popular during 2024 and today we're re-sharing it. As many of us look to create healthy habits in 2025, we hope you'll tune in to hear the exciting research Professor Long is doing to better understand the deep chemical connections between diet, exercise, and human health. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Jonathan Z. LongJohnathan's Lab: LongLab@StanfordConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Johnathan Long, a professor of pathology at Stanford University.(00:01:55) Effective Weight Loss DrugsThe history and development of GLP-1 receptor agonists.(00:03:27) Understanding Metabolism and ExerciseThe role of metabolic chemicals released during physical activity.(00:05:02) Animal Models in Exercise Studies The use of animal models in exercise studies and the discovery of Lac-Phe.(00:06:40) Psychological Preparation for Exercise The psychology of exercise preparation and the involvement of endocannabinoids.(00:08:53) Lac-Phe's Role and Mechanism Lac-Phe's role in suppressing appetite and its production in the gut.(00:11:46) Differences in Exercise Response Exercise response between trained athletes and untrained individuals.(00:12:50) Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases The relationship between diabetes, exercise, and metabolic diseases.(00:14:54) Lac-Phe as a Potential Therapeutic Lac-Phe's potential and parallels to the early stages of GLP-1 drug development.(00:16:13) Importance of How Weight is Lost The importance of losing fat while preserving lean muscle mass.(00:19:04) Exercise as Medicine The need to define physical activity at the same resolution as modern medicines.(00:22:03) Metformin and Exercise Pathways The unexpected connection between metformin and the Lac-Phe pathway.(00:23:53) Prospects of an Exercise Pill The future of an exercise pill, and challenges associated with its development.(00:26:57) Conclusion  Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Happy Holidays! However you're celebrating, we hope you're able to find time to connect with friends, family, and loved ones. To accompany you through the season, we're re-running one of our most popular episodes from 2024, the future of skin longevity with Professor Zakia Rahman. As an expert in dermatology, Professor Rahman explains that our skin is our most photographed organ, and taking care of it is not about vanity but rather vitality. Tune in to hear our conversation about everything from laser therapies to sun protection.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Zakia RahmanStanford Center on LongevityConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Zakia Rahman, a professor of dermatology at Stanford University.(00:02:05) The Impact of Digital Technologies How digital technologies and image exposure affect dermatology and self-perception.(00:03:20) Effects of Self-Image on Dermatology Balancing vanity and vitality in modern skincare trends.(00:04:46) The Role of Lasers in Dermatology The use of laser technology in dermatology, including types and applications.(00:08:25) Lasers in Skin Cancer Treatment How laser technology aids in the treatment and prevention of skin cancer.(00:09:52) Progress in Skin Cancer Skin cancer prevention and the effectiveness of sun protection measures.(00:13:10) Effectiveness of Physical Sun Protection The protective benefits of everyday clothing versus specialized sun-protective gear.(00:18:35) Ethnic Differences in Skin Health The differences in skin health and sun exposure across various ethnic groups.(00:23:24) Aesthetic and Cultural Implications in Skin Care How cultural perceptions of beauty intersect with skincare and overall health.(00:25:46) Therapeutic Effects of Light The potential skincare benefits of red light therapy and its popularity.(00:28:33) Conclusion  Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Leanne Williams is an expert in depression. The first thing that she wants the world to know is that depression is not some sort of character flaw, but a real illness with symptoms that can impair one's ability to function day to day. The past decade has seen remarkable advances, she says, as functional MRI has opened new avenues of understanding depression's mechanisms and its treatments. These are hopeful times for the science of depression, Williams tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile:  Leanne WilliamsConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Leanne Williams, a professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stanford University.(00:02:13) What Is Depression?Distinguishing clinical depression from everyday sadness.(00:04:02) Current Depression Treatment ChallengesThe trial-and-error of traditional depression treatments and their extended timelines.(00:06:46) Brain Mapping and Circuit DysfunctionsAdvanced imaging techniques and their role in understanding depression.(00:09:33) Diagnosing with Brain ImagingHow brain imaging can complement traditional diagnostic methods in psychiatry.(00:10:52) Depression BiotypesIdentifying six distinct biotypes of depression through brain imaging(00:14:41) Biotypes and Personalized TreatmentsHow biotypes allow for targeted therapies and improve treatment outcomes.(00:19:33) AI in Depression TreatmentUsing AI to refine biotypes and predict treatment outcomes with greater accuracy.(00:22:45) Psychedelics in Depression TreatmentThe potential for psychedelic drugs to target specific biotypes of depression.(00:24:16) Expanding the Biotypes FrameworkIntegrating multimodal approaches into the biotype framework.(00:27:59) Reducing Stigma in DepressionHow showing patients their brain imaging results reduces self-blame and stigma.(00:30:08) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Guest Michael Greicius is an authority on Alzheimer's disease. He makes the case that while effective treatments have remained elusive, there are high hopes for new approaches that target tau proteins in the brain associated with the disease. In the meantime, to reduce Alzheimer's risk stay active, eat well, and manage circulatory risks, but skip genetic testing for now until better treatments emerge, Greicius tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile:  Michael GreiciusConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Michael Greicius, a professor of neurology and neurological sciences at Stanford University.(00:02:12) Understanding Alzheimer's DiseaseThe roles of amyloid and tau proteins in Alzheimer's disease.(00:04:53) Challenges in Developing TreatmentsThe multiple hurdles in creating Alzheimer's therapies.(00:09:07) Current Alzheimer's DrugsThe controversies and limitations of recently approved drugs.(00:10:23) Amyloid Plaques and Their ImpactWhy removing amyloid plaques hasn't improved patient outcomes.(00:14:29) Problems with Alzheimer's TrialsThe disconnect between amyloid removal and patient outcomes.(00:18:03) Functional Unblinding and Trial BiasHow functional unblinding affects trial results and drug evaluations.(00:23:51) The Potential of Targeting TauNew breakthroughs in targeting tau protein for Alzheimer's.(00:26:35) The Future of PreventionPotential preemptive treatments for Alzheimer's and their administration.(00:29:19) Lifestyle and Risk ReductionRecommendations for reducing risk of Alzheimer's disease.(00:31:43) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Two-time guest Nate Persily is a professor of law and policy who studies the intersection of artificial intelligence and democracy. AI is creeping into democracy, he says, and 2024 saw its share of deepfakes and synthetic media, but with surprisingly little impact. His bigger concern is the opposite – politicians claiming the truth to be fake. It breeds distrust and, for democracy, that's more pernicious, Persily tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile:  Nathaniel PersilyConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Nate Persily, a professor of law at Stanford University.(00:02:49) How AI Impacts DemocracyAI's role in influencing elections and its implications for democratic systems.(00:03:38) Deepfakes and the ElectionThe limited impact of deepfakes and emerging disinformation trends.(00:04:37) Is Skepticism Beneficial?The role of skepticism in navigating AI-driven disinformation.(00:06:06) AI and Social MediaHow AI powers social media and its implications for democratic dialogue.(00:08:40) AI Monopoly and DemocracyRisks of concentrated AI power among tech giants.(00:12:03) Risks of Open AI ModelsBalancing innovation and misuse risks of open AI models.(00:17:20) Regulating AIGlobal efforts to regulate AI and lessons from the European AI Act.(00:19:54) The Global AI RaceThe international race to balance progress and safeguards with AI.(00:23:35) Global South and AIThe digital divide and role of open models in under-resourced nations.(00:25:05) AI in Legal PracticePotential and challenges of AI in law, from drafting to adjudication.(00:28:55) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

The field of robotics has a long history at Stanford Engineering, and Professor Oussama Khatib has been a pioneering leader in that field, working on everything from human-interactive robots to underwater exploration, pushing the boundaries of what robots can do. Most recently, he's led the opening of a new Robotics Center at Stanford. Today we're bringing back the conversation we had with him about his work on OceanOneK — a humanoid robot who now has a new home in the Robotics Center. Join us as we talk about his journey, his vision for the future of robotics, and how his research is transforming the way humans interact with machines. We hope you enjoy the episode! Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Oussama KhatibStanford Robotics LabConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Oussama Khatib, a professor of engineering at Stanford University.(00:01:54) Underwater Robotics AdvancementsInnovations in underwater robotics, including breakthroughs for deeper exploration.(00:05:35) New Flotation MaterialsThe discovery of lightweight, strong flotation materials for deep-sea robots.(00:06:25) Robot Battery ChallengesThe challenges of powering robots at extreme depths.(00:09:09) Importance of Anthropomorphic DesignWhy humanoid features are essential for performing delicate underwater tasks.(00:14:20) Robotic Design ChallengesThe design of lightweight robotic arms that can withstand underwater pressure.(00:19:51) Ease of Use for OperatorsHow both novices and experts can quickly adapt to controlling these robots.(00:22:37) Applications in Biology and ArchaeologyFuture applications in marine biology and underwater archaeology.(00:26:12) Search and Rescue PotentialThe potential for robots to assist in search and rescue missions.(00:27:48) Future of Deep-Sea ExplorationThe future of deep-sea exploration using robotics.(00:29:40) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Guest James Landay is an expert in human-centered artificial intelligence, a field all about optimizing technology for human and societal good. Landay says one of the most promising intersections is in education and AI, where the technology excels as a coaching and tutoring tool. His Smart Primer and Acorn apps use augmented reality and AI to engage children in outdoor, hands-on environmental science, and his GPT Coach is an AI-powered fitness planning tool. When it comes to AI and education, things are wide open and only just getting started, Landay tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: James LandaySmart PrimerConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest James Landay, a professor of computer science at Stanford University.(00:02:04) Evolving AI ApplicationsHow large language models can replicate personal coaching experiences.(00:06:44) Role of Health Experts in AIIntegrating insights from medical professionals into AI coaching systems.(00:10:21) Personalization in AI CoachingHow AI coaches can adapt personalities and avatars to cater to user preferences.(00:12:51) Group Dynamics in AI CoachingPros and cons of adding social features and group support to AI coaching systems.(00:14:08) Ambient Awareness in TechnologyAmbient awareness and how it enhances user engagement without active attention.(00:17:44) Using AI in Elementary EducationNarrative-driven tutoring systems to inspire kids' learning and creativity.(00:22:59) Encouraging Student Writing with AIUsing LLMs to  motivate students to write  through personalized feedback.(00:23:52) Scaling AI Educational ToolsThe ACORN project and creating dynamic, scalable learning experiences.(00:27:58) Human-Centered AIThe concept of human-centered AI and its focus on designing for society.(00:30:34) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Climate change authority Noah Diffenbaugh says that the effects of climate change are no longer theoretical but apparent in everyday, tangible ways. Still, he says, it is not too late to better understand the effects of climate change, to mitigate them through reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and other measures, and to adapt how we live in the face of a warmer planet. Society is falling behind in its ability to deal with increasingly extreme climate events but solutions are not out of reach, Diffenbaugh tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Noah DiffenbaughConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Noah Diffenbaugh, a professor of Earth System Science at Stanford University.(00:02:34) Global Impact of Climate ChangeThe major areas where climate change is having the greatest impact globally.(00:03:27) Climate Phenomena and HumansConnecting climate science with localized human impacts(00:06:16) Understanding Climate ForcingThe concept of "climate forcing" and its significance in Noah's research.(00:10:00) Geoengineering and Climate InterventionsThe potential and risks of intentional climate interventions.(00:21:18) Adaptation to Climate ChangeHow humans are adapting to climate change and why we might be falling behind.(00:25:19) Increase in Extreme EventsWhy extreme climate events are becoming exponentially more frequent and severe.(00:28:34) AI in Climate ResearchHow AI is revolutionizing climate research by enabling predictive capabilities.(00:32:26) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Climate modeler Aditi Sheshadri says that while weather forecasting and climate projection are based on similar science, they are very different disciplines. Forecasting is about looking at next week, while projection is about looking at the next century. Sheshadri tells host Russ Altman how new data and techniques, like low-cost high-altitude balloons and AI, are reshaping the future of climate projection on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Aditi SheshadriConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Aditi Sheshadri, a professor of Earth systems science at Stanford University.(00:02:58) Climate Projection vs. Weather ForecastingThe differences between climate projection and weather forecasting.(00:04:58) The Window of ChaosThe concept of the "window of chaos" in climate modeling.(00:06:11) Scale of Climate ModelsThe limitations and scale of climate model boxes.(00:08:19) Computational ConstraintsComputational limitations on grid size and time steps in climate modeling.(00:10:56) Parameters in Climate ModelingEssential parameters measured, such as density, temperature, and water vapor.(00:12:18) Oceans in Climate ModelsThe role of oceans in climate modeling and their integration into projections.(00:14:35) Atmospheric Gravity WavesAtmospheric gravity waves and their impact on weather patterns.(00:18:51) Polar Vortex and CyclonesResearch on the polar vortex and on tropical cyclone frequency.(00:21:53) Climate Research and Public AwarenessCommunicating climate model findings to relevant audiences.(00:23:33) New Data SourcesHow unexpected data from a Google project aids climate research,(00:25:09) Geoengineering ConsiderationsGeoengineering and the need for thorough modeling before intervention.(00:28:19) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Halloween may be behind us in the US but here at The Future of Everything we're not quite done with spooky season. If you're pairing your trick-or-treat haul with some scary movies, we invite you to revisit with us a conversation Russ had with Lawrence Wein a couple years ago about the work he's doing in forensic genetic genealogy to crack cold cases. Professor Wein shares how he's using math to catch criminals through traces of their DNA. It's both haunting and hopeful, and we hope you'll take another listen.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Lawrence M. WeinLawrence's Paper: Analysis Of The Genealogy Process In Forensic Genetic GenealogyConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Lawrence Wein, professor of management science at Stanford University.(00:02:18) Forensic Genealogy ExplainedForensic genetic genealogy and its impact on solving unsolved crimes.(00:04:31) Third-Party Databases in GenealogyInsight into databases that allow law enforcement to search for criminal suspects.(00:08:23) Math Models in GenealogyUsing mathematical models to streamline genealogy work.(00:11:31) Components of the Genealogy AlgorithmThe algorithm's methods, including ascending and descending family trees.(00:14:12) Algorithm Efficiency and ComparisonComparing the new algorithm's effectiveness to traditional genealogy strategies.(00:16:53) Algorithm in PracticeRole of human input alongside the mathematical algorithm in genealogy cases.(00:20:42) Role of GenealogistsGenealogists' insights on balancing human skill and mathematical algorithms.(00:22:45) DNA Databases and EthicsThe ethical and privacy concerns related to using genetic data.(00:27:01) Background and Interest in Forensic GenealogyLawrence's journey from operations management to forensic genealogy.(00:30:16) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Returning guest Marco Pavone is an expert in autonomous robotic systems, such as self-driving cars and autonomous space robots. He says that there have been major advances since his last appearance on the show seven years ago, mostly driven by leaps in artificial intelligence. He tells host Russ Altman all about the challenges and progress of autonomy on Earth and in space in this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile:  Marco PavoneCenter for AEroSpace Autonomy Research (CAESAR)Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Marco Pavone, a professor of aeronautics and astronautics at Stanford.(00:02:37) Autonomous Systems in Everyday LifeAdvancements in the real-world applications of autonomous systems.(00:03:51) Evolution of Self-Driving TechnologiesThe shift from fully autonomous cars to advanced driver assistance systems.(00:06:36) Public Perception of Autonomous VehiclesHow people react to and accept autonomous vehicles in everyday life.(00:07:49) AI's and Autonomous DrivingThe impact of AI advancements on autonomous driving performance.(00:09:52) Simulating Edge Cases for SafetyUsing AI to simulate rare driving events to improve safety and training.(00:12:04) Autonomous Vehicle CommunicationCommunication challenges between autonomous vehicles and infrastructure.(00:15:24) Risk-Averse Planning in Autonomous SystemsHow risk-averse planning ensures safety in autonomous vehicles.(00:18:43) Autonomous Systems in SpaceThe role of autonomous robots in space exploration and lunar missions.(00:22:47) Space Debris and Collision AvoidanceThe challenges of space debris and collision avoidance with autonomous systems.(00:24:39) Distributed Autonomous Systems for SpaceUsing distributed autonomous systems in space missions for better coordination.(00:28:40) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Physicist Matthias Kling studies photons and the things science can do with ultrafast pulses of X-rays. These pulses last just attoseconds – a billionth of a billionth of a second, Kling says. He uses them to create slo-mo “movies” of electrons moving through materials like those used in batteries and solar cells. The gained knowledge could reshape fields like materials science, ultrafast and quantum computers, AI, and medical diagnostics, Kling tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:SStanford Profile: Matthias KlingMatthias' Lab: SLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Matthias Kling, a professor of photon science and applied physics at Stanford University.(00:02:52) Ultrafast Electronics OverviewThe technologies enabling ultrafast photonics and electronic advancements.(00:05:32) Attosecond Science ApplicationsCapturing electron and molecular movements with attosecond pulses.(00:09:31) Photoelectric Effect InsightsAttosecond science's impact on understanding the photoelectric effect and quantum mechanics.(00:13:27) Real-Time Molecular MeasurementsUsing light waves to capture images of molecules at room temperature.(00:19:32) Future of Ultrafast ElectronicsHow attosecond light pulses could revolutionize computing with petahertz speed.(00:23:28) Energy-Efficient Quantum ComputingPotential for room-temperature quantum computers using light wave electronics.(00:26:33) AI and Machine Learning in ScienceAI's role in optimizing research and data collection in ultrafast electronics.(00:28:51) Real-Time AI Data AnalysisMachine learning enables real-time analysis of massive experimental data.(00:32:15) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

We're just weeks away from a national election, and in our polarized society, we all know it can be difficult to find and create spaces for thoughtful policy discussions. A couple of years ago, James Fishkin, a professor of communication at Stanford, joined the podcast. He talked about a system called deliberative polling that can serve as a model for structuring small group discussions to help bring people together and bridge differences in conversations about some of the most politically fraught issues. It's an opportune time to bring this conversation back for another listen and we hope our discussion helps as you go about your conversations through this political season and beyond.  Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: James FishkinJames' Lab: Deliberative Democracy LabConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest James Fishkin, a professor of communication at Stanford.(00:01:31) What is Deliberative Democracy?The concept of deliberative democracy and how it addresses political divides.(00:03:47) Managing Balance in DeliberationThe importance of balanced group discussions and strategies for avoiding conflict.(00:04:55) Scaling Deliberation for Large GroupsThe logistics and technology behind scaling to larger groups, both online and in person.(00:06:54) Deciding Which Questions to AddressHow tough issues are selected for deliberation in different locations.(00:10:54) The Human Element in DeliberationThe surprising effectiveness of online platforms for fostering connection.(00:13:13) Automated Moderators in DeliberationThe development and success of automated moderators in online deliberations.(00:19:20) Applying Deliberative Democracy to the U.S.Whether deliberative polling could help address political deadlock in the U.S.(00:25:30) The Future of Deliberative PollingThe future possibilities of scaling deliberative polling to larger populations.(00:27:23) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

One underappreciated fact about the explosion in genetic databases, like consumer sites that provide information about ancestry and health, is that they unlock valuable insights not only into an individual's past and future, but also for that individual's entire family.This raises serious concerns about privacy for people who have never submitted their genetic information for analysis, yet share much the same code as one who did.This week on If/Then, we're sharing an interview from The Future of Everything with Stanford GSB Professor Kuang Xu. Xu is an expert in how genetic information can and should be used. He says that the DNA problem weighs heavily on privacy experts in fields ranging from law and engineering to public health and criminal justice. The fundamental question is: Can we create methods for accessing genetic data while maximizing the privacy of all involved?The Future of Everything is Produced by Stanford Engineering. For a full transcript of this episode, visit The Future of Everything's website.Chapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Kevin Cool introduces an episode featuring The Future of Everything podcast with host Russ Altman and guest Kuang Xu, a professor at the GSB. (00:03:24) Genetic Technology and Privacy RisksThe key ideas and methodology behind making genetic searches more private.(00:06:23) Social Network and Genealogy in Genetic SearchesHow a genealogy network functions as a social network in genetic searches.(00:09:23) Technical Aspects of Securing Genetic DataThe difference between sequential and static methods for genetic searches.(00:11:19) Practical Application of Sequential MethodsWays the sequential search method could be applied without compromising privacy.(00:12:43) First Steps in Sequential SearchWhat the first steps would look like when using the sequential search method.(00:14:41) Balancing Accuracy and PrivacyWhether the new privacy methods compromise accuracy in identifying individuals.(00:15:22) Applications in Genetic ResearchHow privacy methods can apply to genetic research for disease prediction and beyond.(00:18:22) Insights During ResearchSurprise findings from Kuang's research on genetic privacy.(00:21:28) Privacy Beyond GeneticsThe possibility of applying these privacy techniques to other sensitive datasets.(00:22:58) Commercial Interest in Privacy SolutionsThe interest from companies in adopting these privacy innovations.(00:24:09) Genetics and Business School ConnectionKuang's work at Stanford's School of Business and how it connects to genetics and privacy.(00:25:30) Emergency Room Waiting TimesResearch related to reducing waiting times in emergency rooms.(00:26:57) In-Person Voting and COVID-19 SpreadOverview of data collected during in-person voting during COVID-19.(00:27:54) ConclusionSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Astronautics professor Grace Gao is an authority on the Global Positioning System. GPS has long been key to navigation on Earth, she says, but science is now shifting its focus outward to the frontiers of space. Gao is working on a GPS-like system for the Moon. To keep costs low, this lunar positioning system will leverage Earth-based satellites complemented by a network of smaller satellites in lunar orbit. It could lead to autonomous vehicles on the moon and a new era of lunar exploration, Gao tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Grace GaoGrace's Labe:Stanford NAV LabConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces Grace Gao, a professor of aeronautics and astronautics at Stanford University.(00:02:15) GNSS vs. GPSThe difference between GPS and GNSS, and the different global navigation systems.(00:03:09) How Does GPS Work? GPS operation, including the role of satellites, ground monitoring stations, and user receivers.(00:04:07) GPS Signal and SatellitesHow GPS uses multiple satellites and how the different global systems collaborate to improve accuracy.(00:05:23) GPS Challenges in CitiesIssues with GPS in urban environments and the importance of reliability and safety.(00:07:53) Improving GPS AccuracyMultimodal sensor fusion helps enhance GPS accuracy in challenging environments. (00:10:11) Collaboration Among Autonomous VehiclesThe potential for autonomous vehicles to share information for better navigation and safety.(00:14:07) GPS Safety and Signal JammingGPS safety concerns and real-world signal disruption examples.(00:18:56) GPS in Space TravelHow GNSS and Earth-based GPS systems can support space missions.(00:25:05) Designing Lunar GPSThe cost and coverage challenges of creating a lunar navigation system.(00:27:13) Autonomous Moon RoversNASA's plans for collaborative autonomous rovers on the Moon.(00:30:42) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Today, we're bringing you a best-of from our archive of over 250 episodes. We're all aware that the consequences of climate change range from rising sea levels, to drought, wildfires, economic disruption and the displacement of populations. We're seeing and living through many of these effects, but is there hope for managing additional risk? A couple years ago we sat down with environmental scientist Chris Field to ask this question. He shared that it's still possible to pave the way to a sustainable future. Take another listen to this episode to hear more about how he thinks we can do this together.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Chris FieldOriginal Episode: How to fight climate change | Stanford University School of EngineeringConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Chris Field, a professor of earth systems science and biology at Stanford.(00:01:59) The Status of Climate ChangeThe current status of global warming and the need for ongoing emissions reductions.(00:03:17) Understanding CO2 and TemperatureThe linear relationship between CO2 emissions and global warming.(00:05:00) Is Zero Emissions Feasible?The UN's climate goals and why both mitigation and adaptation are crucial.(00:06:04) Global Collaboration for Climate ActionThe role of both private sector innovations and global political collaboration in climate action.(00:08:22) Mitigation and Adaptation StrategiesProgress made in strategies for mitigating climate change and adapting to its effects.(00:11:25) Climate Impact on DisastersHow rising temperatures exacerbate coastal flooding and wildfire risks.(00:14:07) Adaptation to Coastal FloodingInsights into strategies such as improving infrastructure and planned relocation.(00:16:47) Adaptation to WildfiresAssessment of fire management policies and the challenges of wildfire risk in high-risk regions.(00:19:03) Technological Innovations in Climate ChangeThe potential for future technological innovations to solve climate change.(00:20:54) Ukraine Conflict and Climate ChangeThe surprising connection between the Ukraine conflict and global climate change.(00:23:41) Individual Impact on Climate ChangeHow individuals can make contributions to combating climate change in their everyday lives.(00:25:57) The Role of Young People in Climate ChangeThe role young people play in the fight against climate change.(00:27:12) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Taken any selfies lately? Dermatologist Zakia Rahman studies both the science of healthy skin and the effects of the exponential increase in skin images on self-esteem. As a result, skin health is linked to mental health, she says. It's not about vanity, it's about vitality, Rahman tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Zakia RahmanStanford Center on LongevityConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Zakia Rahman, a professor of dermatology at Stanford University.(00:02:24) The Impact of Digital TechnologiesHow digital technologies and frequent image exposure affect dermatology and self-perception.(00:03:40) Effects of Self-Image on DermatologyBalancing vanity and vitality in modern skincare trends.(00:05:05) The Role of Lasers in DermatologyThe use of laser technology in dermatology, including types and applications.(00:08:44) Lasers in Skin Cancer TreatmentHow laser technology aids in the treatment and prevention of skin cancer.(00:10:11) Progress in Skin CancerThe effectiveness of sun protection measures and how we can better prevent skin cancer.(00:13:29) Effectiveness of Physical Sun ProtectionThe protective benefits of everyday clothing versus specialized sun-protective gear.(00:18:56) Ethnic Differences in Skin HealthThe differences in skin health and sun exposure effects across various ethnic groups.(00:23:43) Aesthetic and Cultural Implications in Skin CareHow cultural perceptions of beauty intersect with skincare and overall health.(00:26:08) Therapeutic Effects of LightThe potential skincare benefits of red light therapy and its popularity.(00:28:55) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Arvind Karunakaran studies the intersections of work, AI, and organizational behavior. He says AI can enhance speed and productivity in the short run, yet degrade skills over time. But it is in organizational power dynamics where AI has had its most marked impact, he says, telling host Russ Altman about situations in law firms where AI has fostered tension between paralegals and junior attorneys. It's AI and the modern workplace on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything Podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Arvind KarunakaranConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Arvind Karunakaran, a professor of management science and engineering at Stanford University.(00:02:47) Productivity vs. Skill DevelopmentThe broader impact of AI on workplace productivity and the potential skill loss among workers.(00:04:39) New Skills for the AI EraWhether new skill sets required by AI tools are emerging or if it's still too early to tell.(00:06:17) AI and Power DynamicsHow AI is influencing authority and power dynamics in the workplace.(00:09:16) Challenges of Role Re-Design with AIThe need for systemic changes in job roles and organizational structures to accommodate AI.(00:11:02) Accountability and AI in Decision-MakingThe complexities of accountability when AI is involved in decision-making processes.(00:15:14) Platforms and Power DynamicsThe role of platforms as intermediaries and their impact on authority and power dynamics.(00:20:28) AI Experimentation in the WorkplaceHow organizations are experimenting with AI and the importance of trust in these processes.(00:23:29) Rethinking Training for AI IntegrationThe necessity of innovative training methods to effectively integrate AI in workplace settings.(00:25:30) Management Strategies for AI AdoptionWays managers can approach AI integration in their organizations to foster productivity and innovation(00:28:12) AI in Gig Work PlatformsChallenges and opportunities AI presents within gig work platforms.(00:32:20) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

We want to wish our listeners in the states a happy Labor Day weekend. We hope, wherever you are, you're taking some time to savor the last bit of summer. After a couple months full of travel and news about the airplane industry, we can't help wondering — are there better ways to build airplanes? Our previous guest, Ilan Kroo, an expert in aeronautics, discusses how recent developments in fuels, engines, materials, and computer controls are leading to a new era of airplanes. We hope you'll tune in and learn something new.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Ilan KrooConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Ilan Kroo, a professor of aeronautics and astronautics at Stanford University.(00:01:33) The Future of Airplane DesignThe technological advancements that are enabling new types of aircraft designs.(00:03:52) Designing Airplanes with Active ControlActive control systems and their impact on airplane safety and efficiency.(00:05:03) Personal Flying VehicleseVTOL vehicles as a promising future technology for personalized and commercial travel.(00:06:54) Scaling eVTOL and Air Traffic ControlHow companies and regulatory bodies are preparing for the rise of eVTOL vehicles.(00:10:21) Sustainable AviationNew engine concepts, composite materials, and sustainable fuels in commercial aviation.(00:16:42) Hydrogen-Powered AircraftHydrogen's potential as a sustainable fuel source and its impact on airplane design.(00:19:44) Climate Modelling in Airplane DesignThe intersection of climate science and airplane design for a more sustainable future.(00:22:04) Unconventional Airplane DesignsNew designs that may become the future of aviation, with benefits in sustainability and performance.(00:25:55) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Artificial intelligence can now do a lot of things. But if you're worried about it taking your place as a communicator, Russ Altman says you need to question why you're communicating in the first place.Altman is a professor of bioengineering, a senior fellow at the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, and host of Stanford Engineering's podcast, The Future of Everything. According to him, advancing technology isn't a threat to human creativity and connection, but a tool we can use to raise our own standards for communication.“If you're worried that a ChatGPT-type tool can replace you, you need to [ask]: Why am I communicating? What am I trying to say? Do I have a message?” he says. “If those things are true, it shouldn't be a problem. It should actually amplify and improve your message.”In this episode of Think Fast, Talk Smart, Altman and host Matt Abrahams explore how effective communication can help us envision, articulate, and navigate towards our desired future, in our relationships, in our work, and in society.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Russ B. AltmanThe Future of Everything Podcast | Stanford University School of Engineering Ep.109 Simplify! How to Communicate Complex Ideas Simply and Effectively Website / YouTube Ep.3 When Knowing Too Much Can Hurt Your Communication: How to Make Complex Ideas Accessible Website / YouTubeConnect:Email Questions & Feedback >>> thinkfast@stanford.eduEpisode Transcripts >>> Think Fast Talk Smart WebsiteNewsletter Signup + English Language Learning >>> FasterSmarter.ioThink Fast Talk Smart >>> LinkedIn Page, Instagram, YouTubeMatt Abrahams >>> LinkedInStanford GSB >>> LinkedIn & TwitterChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Matt Abrahams introduces guest Russ Altman, professor of bioengineering at Stanford University and host of The Future of Everything podcast.(00:01:00) The Future of Communication and AIHow AI can challenge and improve communication by bringing hidden biases to light.(00:03:06) Practical Uses of AI in CommunicationUsing AI to improve clarity and focus in professional communications.(00:04:08) Writing Effective Proposals and GrantsCrafting effective proposals by aligning with audience needs and clearly defining objectives.(00:06:07) Simplifying Complex InformationMaking complex information understandable without oversimplification.(00:08:31) Preparation in CommunicationHow preparing for tough questions can improve clarity and engagement in presentations.(00:10:13) The Art of Asking QuestionsCrafting and following up with thoughtful questions to foster deeper conversations.(00:13:13) Building Effective and Diverse TeamsBuilding effective teams through diversity, clear roles, and strong relationships.(00:15:12) Balancing Rigor and Support The balance between challenging team members and maintaining a supportive environment.(00:17:13) Lessons from ‘The Future of Everything'The importance of passion in pursuing meaningful work and communicating complex ideas.(00:18:09) The Final Three QuestionsRuss shares what he's excited about for the future, a communicator he admires, and the first three ingredients for successful communication.(00:21:30) ConclusionSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

(3:27) - AI-directed Driverless DriftThis episode was brought to you by Mouser, our favorite place to get electronics parts for any project, whether it be a hobby at home or a prototype for work. Click HERE to learn more the current state of autonomous driving, the technical/regulatory limitations, and what the future holds! Become a founding reader of our newsletter: http://read.thenextbyte.com/ As always, you can find these and other interesting & impactful engineering articles on Wevolver.com.

Political scientist Kathryn Stoner is the Director of the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL) at Stanford and an authority on Russian/Ukrainian politics. She says views on the current war depend on which side someone is on: Many Russians and their leader Vladimir Putin say Ukrainians are Russians and have been since the 10th century. Ukrainians strongly disagree, likening the two nations to the U.S. and Great Britain. How the present conflict is resolved has important implications for other former Soviet states and the future of the European Union, as Stoner tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford CDDRL Profile: Kathryn StonerConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Kathryn Stoner, director of the Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law at Stanford University.(00:02:09) Historical Context of the Russia-Ukraine ConflictHow historical narratives shape perspectives on the Russia-Ukraine conflict.(00:05:38) U.S. and International PerspectivesThe strategic implications of the Russia-Ukraine conflict for the United States and its historical agreements.(00:08:49) The Domino Effect and Regional RisksThe potential risks to other former Soviet republics and the concept of the domino effect.(00:12:43) Democracy in the Post-Soviet StatesAnalysis of the state of democracy in Ukraine, Georgia, and other former Soviet republics(00:18:59) The Unexpected StalemateWhy the Russia-Ukraine war has not gone as expected and the strategic missteps by Russia.(00:22:39) Domestic Impact in RussiaThe impact of the war on Russian public opinion and why Russians are not openly protesting against it.(00:28:46) Hope for the FuturePotential sources of optimism for the future of Russia and its younger generation.(00:31:40) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Dan Schwartz is a cognitive psychologist and dean of the Stanford Graduate School of Education. He says that artificial intelligence is a different beast, but he is optimistic about its future in education. “It's going to change stuff. It's really an exciting time,” he says. Schwartz imagines a world not where AI is the teacher, but where human students learn by teaching AI chatbots key concepts. It's called the Protégé Effect, Schwartz says, providing host Russ Altman a glimpse of the future of education on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Daniel SchwartzConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Dan Schwartz, a professor of education and a dean of the School of Education at Stanford University.(00:02:06) The Role of AI in Modern EducationThe widespread reactions and implications of AI, particularly ChatGPT, in education.(00:03:22) The Role of Technology in the ClassroomThe historical and evolving relationship between technology and education.(00:05:14) Engaging Students with AIHow AI can enhance student engagement through innovative teaching methods.(00:08:08) Impact of AI on Student LearningThe balance between AI tools and maintaining educational standards.(00:13:42) Industry's Role in Educational TechnologyChallenges and opportunities in collaborating with educational technology companies.(00:15:44) Teacher's Role in Adapting to AIThe critical role of teachers in effectively integrating AI into the classroom.(00:18:39) Assessment and Grading with AIThe potential and concerns of using AI for educational assessment.(00:22:34) Learning Strategies and Conceptual UnderstandingThe importance of understanding the underlying concepts rather than just using AI tools.(00:25:08) Physical Activity and LearningThe connection between physical activity and improved learning outcomes.(00:29:17) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Today, we're re-running a fascinating conversation with Sara Singer, a Stanford professor of medicine, and an expert on integrated healthcare. Anyone who's had to navigate the healthcare system knows it's extremely complex, and care can often feel disjointed or inefficient. In this episode, Sara highlights new technologies that could improve integration within the healthcare system, ultimately enhancing a practitioners' ability to care for patients. We hope you'll take another listen and enjoy.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Sara SingerConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Sarah Singer, a professor of medicine and organizational behaviour at Stanford University(00:02:25) Defining Integrated CareThe concept of integrated care and its significance in improving patient experience.(00:03:37) Global Implementation of Integrated CareThe global challenges and successes in implementing integrated care.(00:04:45) Cost Implications of Integrated CareThe potential cost-saving benefits of integrated care through efficient coordination.(00:05:34) COVID-19's Impact on Healthcare IntegrationThe pandemic's dual role in exposing challenges and providing opportunities for integrated care.(00:07:45) The Role of AI in Healthcare's FutureAI's potential in healthcare and the importance of user collaboration.(00:09:38) Importance of Iterative DevelopmentThe need for continuous collaboration in healthcare technology development.(00:12:16) Patient Perspectives in Tech DevelopmentThe value of integrating patient feedback into healthcare technology.(00:13:20) Consumer Suggestions for Health CareHow patient feedback has influenced health care improvements.(00:16:49) Iterative Development of Health Care TechnologiesThe iterative process of developing health care technologies with continuous input from end users.(00:24:29) Advice for Healthcare TechnologistsAdvice for technologists on developing useful and accepted healthcare tools.(00:27:22) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Psychologist Judy Fan is an expert in how physical objects facilitate learning. In the classroom, these include pencils, pens, paper, and whiteboards. But in any learning situation, the physical world provides tools for learning and communicating, often trumping the speed and reach of today's digital technologies. These objects are cognitive tools – physical representations of human thought, she says. They help us think, solve problems, and communicate with others better and more effectively, as she tells host Russ Altman in this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast. Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Judy FanConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Judy Fan, a professor of psychology at Stanford University.(00:02:02) The Essence of Cognitive ToolsWhat cognitive tools are and their importance from ancient times to the present.(00:03:37) Historical Context of Cognitive ToolsThe historical evolution of cognitive tools and their role in education.(00:06:57) Cross-Cultural Insights on Cognitive ToolsThe universality of cognitive tools and cross-cultural variations.(00:12:39) Developmental Trajectories in Visual CommunicationHow children develop the ability to visually communicate concepts and the differences between cultures.(00:17:01) The Influence of Cultural Artifacts on PerceptionHow cultural exposure shapes our perception and depiction of the world.(00:22:15) The Future of Learning TechnologiesThe impact of technological advancements on cognitive tools and potential directions for the future.(00:24:29) Hands-On Learning and Interactive ToolsThe importance of interactive learning activities that allow students to engage with scientific processes.(00:27:44) Enhancing Creative Processes Through TechnologyWays technology can aid creative professionals and the development of tools for high-level experts.(00:30:44) Bridging Novice and Expert NeedsThe challenges of designing technology that serves both novices and experts.(00:33:19) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

From witchcraft to shamans to those with schizophrenia, voices and visions have always been part of human experience and they have always intrigued anthropologist Tanya Luhrmann. She now studies how various cultures understand these mysterious mental phenomena. Luhrmann has observed and talked to hundreds who've experienced voices and visions and learned there are “different pathways” to understand them, as she tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Tanya Marie LuhrmannTanya Luhrmann: WebsiteConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Tanya Luhrmann, a professor of anthropology at Stanford University.(00:02:18) Origins of InterestTanya shares her background and how it influenced her studies on the human mind and its perceptions.(00:05:53) Methodologies in Anthropological ResearchThe methods used to understand experiences like hearing voices and seeing visions.(00:07:04) Cultural Variability in Human ExperiencesHow hearing voices varies across cultures, and their implications on mental health.(00:13:42) The Clinical and Non-Clinical SpectrumThe clinical aspects of hearing voices, and how they are perceived and treated in different contexts.(00:18:01) Non-Clinical Manifestations and PracticeThe influence of practices and beliefs on non-clinical supernatural experiences.(00:22:24) Characteristics of LeadersFactors that make certain individuals leaders in perceptual practices.(00:23:43) AI and Relationships with ChatbotsParallels between relationships with imagined entities and modern AI chatbots.(00:28:40) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Whether you're taking a summer road trip, planning a long plane ride, or simply enjoying walks in the warm weather, we want to take a moment to recommend to you a few recent episodes of The Future of Everything to listen to along the way. You'll find a list of these episodes in the show notes, but as a brief preview we've got conversations on robotics, brain science, cybersecurity, the universe, and exercise waiting for you. If you're interested in any one of these topics, check out this summer playlist and be sure to download these episodes before you head out for summer fun.Curated Episode Links:The future of robotics (Jeannette Bohg): Website / YouTubeThe future of brain science (Sergiu Pasca): Website / YouTubeThe future of cybersecurity (Amy Zegart): Website / YouTubeThe future of the universe (Risa Wechsler): Website / YouTubeThe future of exercise (Jonathan Long): Website / YouTubeConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Alberto Salleo is an expert in the long, chain-like molecules known as polymers. The world relies on polymers and the most common are in plastics. Salleo is now working on a new generation of organic polymers made of Earth-abundant materials that could lead to flexible electronics that can biodegrade or be easily recycled. These polymers could be game-changers, Salleo tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Alberto SalleoAlberto's Lab: Salleo Research GroupConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Alberto Salleo, a professor of materials science and engineering at Stanford University.(00:03:02) Defining PolymersA fundamental definition of polymers, emphasizing their structure as long molecules composed of repeating subunits.(00:04:43) Everyday Applications of PolymersThe commonplace polymers that people encounter daily and their broader impacts.(00:05:42) Organic Polymers and ElectronicsThe unique properties of organic polymers, their applications in electronics and potential for biodegradability.(00:07:52) Advanced Polymer ApplicationsThe development of flexible electronics using organic polymers, including the challenges and current research status.(00:11:27) Neuromorphic ComputingThe role of polymers in neuromorphic computing, highlighting how their properties could mimic brain functions.(00:14:42) Human-Brain Interface and Computing ApplicationsThe dual potential of polymers in interfacing with human brains and creating new generations of computers.(00:18:04) Emerging Research and TechnologiesThe integration of electron microscopy from biology to study polymers and their structures.(00:22:22) Electron Microscopy and Cryo-EM TechniquesAdvanced electron microscopy techniques, such as cryo-EM, to study polymers.(00:26:19) Electrochemistry and Sustainable BatteriesThe application of polymers in electrochemistry, particularly in creating high-density, recyclable batteries.(00:29:26) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

We have another best-of episode for you today. This one is a conversation with Irene Lo about the work she's doing to study and leverage markets for social impact — think markets for public school assignments, or medical school residency matches. Irene reminds us that markets exist to help effectively allocate limited resources, and not all marketplaces are based in cash. We hope you'll tune in again to this thought provoking conversation to hear Irene talk about the changing face of markets.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Irene LoConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Irene Lo, a professor of management science and engineering at Stanford.(00:03:23) Unique Challenges of Non-Financial MarketsThe unique challenges in markets where monetary transactions are not feasible or ethical.(00:04:21) School Choice and District PerspectivesThe multifaceted decisions parents and school districts face in school choice.(00:06:54) Collaboration with San Francisco School DistrictConnecting with the San Francisco School District to redesign their student assignment system.(00:08:27) Algorithms and Testing of School Assignment PoliciesThe extensive simulations and community engagement involved in testing the new school assignment policies algorithm before implementation.(00:11:18) Goals and Issues of the Old SystemWhy the old school assignment system failed to achieve its goals of predictability, proximity, and diversity.(00:12:52) Algorithm Adaptation for Broader UseThe potential for adapting the San Francisco school assignment algorithms for use in other cities and districts.(00:14:42) Applying Market Design to Medical Residency MatchesAdapting market design principles to medical residency placements, emphasizing multifactorial considerations.(00:19:07) Market Design in the Developing World: Indonesian Palm Oil MarketInsights into the challenges and solutions in improving the supply chain for palm oil in Indonesia.(00:24:08) Crowdsourcing InformationHow crowdsourcing information can help improve market efficiency for palm oil farmers and the challenges involved.(00:26:32) Market Manipulation and AlgorithmsThe future application of advanced algorithms to improve market dynamics once sufficient data is gathered.(00:28:08) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X

Jonathan Long is a biochemist who studies the chemicals produced during exercise. In Long's world, “you always start with molecules,” which offer “clean handles” to understanding complex processes. His lab has identified a chemical produced in the digestive tract during exercise that can make a person stop eating. Long now studies this “gut-brain axis” for ways to treat obesity, diabetes, and, perhaps, even age-related conditions like dementia, as he tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Jonathan Z. LongJonathan's Lab: LongLab@StanfordStudy on Endocannabinoids and Exercise Motivation: The Endocannabinoid System and Physical ExerciseConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/XChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Jonathan Long, a professor of pathology at Stanford University(00:02:30) Effective Weight Loss DrugsThe increase of effective weight loss drugs, and the history and development of these GLP-1 receptor agonists.(00:04:03) Understanding Metabolism and ExerciseOutline of metabolic chemicals released during physical activity and their potential to combat obesity and diabetes.(00:05:38) Animal Models in Exercise StudiesThe use of animal models in exercise studies and the discovery of Lac-Phe.(00:07:15) Psychological Preparation for ExerciseThe psychological aspects of exercise and the involvement of endocannabinoids in exercise motivation.(00:09:28) Lac-Phe's Role and MechanismThe role of Lac-Phe and its production in the gut.(00:12:21) Differences in Exercise ResponseDifferences in exercise response between trained athletes and untrained individuals.(00:13:25) Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesThe relationship between diabetes, exercise, and metabolic diseases.(00:15:29) Lac-Phe as a Potential TherapeuticThe potential of Lac-Phe as a weight loss drug, and parallels to GLP-1 drug development.(00:16:48) Importance of How Weight is LostWhether the method of weight-loss matters, and the importance of preserving lean muscle mass.(00:19:40) Exercise as MedicineThe concept of exercise as medicine, and defining physical activity at the same resolution as modern medicines.(00:22:39) Metformin and Exercise PathwaysThe unexpected connection between metformin and the Lac-Phe pathway.(00:24:08) Prospects of an Exercise PillThe future of an exercise pill, and the scientific challenges associated with its development.(00:27:33) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads or Twitter/XConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X