Podcasts about heilbrunn center

What if the key to successful investing is about understanding how market expectations, intangible assets, and even your own biases shape the outcome? In this episode, Cameron sits down with Michael Mauboussin, a renowned expert in investment strategies and behavioural finance, to explore how the evolving dynamics of investing influence valuation, investor decision-making, and market efficiency. Michael is the head of Consilient Research at Counterpoint Global, part of Morgan Stanley Investment Management, and an adjunct professor at Columbia Business School, where he teaches courses on investing and decision-making. His work focuses on behavioural biases, skill versus luck, complex adaptive systems, and valuation. In our conversation, we discuss the core principles of equity investing, unpack the evolution of intangible assets, and explore how market dynamics are influenced by index funds. You'll learn about capital allocation strategies, the shifting landscape of private equity, accounting challenges with intangibles, and how traditional investment frameworks are being redefined. Michael also provides insight into the "free dividend" fallacy, the importance of understanding the basic unit of analysis, the paradox of skill in active management, and more. Join us to learn about market and investing fundamentals to improve your strategy with Michael Mauboussin. Tune in now!   Key Points From This Episode:   (0:03:08) What the primary job of an equity investor is and the origin of stock returns. (0:05:37) Why dividends are less critical to total shareholder return unless fully reinvested. (0:08:43) Dissect the behaviour of investors in dividend stocks and the "free dividend fallacy." (0:10:01) Value versus growth classifications and how intangible assets impact valuations. (0:16:39) Learn about the potential advantages for companies investing in intangible assets. (0:20:20) How to determine a company's position in the competitive advantage life cycle. (0:24:42) The phase that offers the highest returns and what to consider about newer industries. (0:26:18) Explore the tradeoffs of intangible-intensive companies and the impact on base rates. (0:29:22) Pitfalls of valuation multiples and the implications for systematic value investors. (0:32:25) Relevance of market metrics and how index funds have affected alpha opportunities. (0:38:14) Effects of rising indexed assets and what to consider about market concentration. (0:45:01) Discover the historical link between market concentration and future returns.  (0:46:31) How active managers benefit markets and misconceptions about skilled managers.  (0:48:46) The value of active managers and advice for structuring investment portfolios. (0:52:44) Unpack the shift from public to private equities and why it happened.  (0:55:40) Insights into the benefits of private over public equities for investors.  (0:58:00) Ways intangible assets influenced the rise of private equity.  (0:59:27) What the market says about future returns and using public equity for diversification.   Links From Today's Episode: Meet with PWL Capital: https://calendly.com/d/3vm-t2j-h3p Rational Reminder on iTunes — https://itunes.apple.com/ca/podcast/the-rational-reminder-podcast/id1426530582. Rational Reminder Website — https://rationalreminder.ca/  Rational Reminder on Instagram — https://www.instagram.com/rationalreminder/ Rational Reminder on X — https://x.com/RationalRemindRational Reminder on TikTok — www.tiktok.com/@rationalreminder Rational Reminder on YouTube — https://www.youtube.com/channel/ Rational Reminder Email — info@rationalreminder.caBenjamin Felix — https://pwlcapital.com/our-team/ Benjamin on X — https://x.com/benjaminwfelix Benjamin on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/benjaminwfelix/ Cameron Passmore — https://pwlcapital.com/our-team/ Cameron on X — https://x.com/CameronPassmore Cameron on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/cameronpassmore/ Michael Mauboussin — https://www.michaelmauboussin.com/ Michael Mauboussin on LinkedIn — https://www.linkedin.com/in/michael-mauboussin-12519b2/ Michael Mauboussin on X — https://x.com/mjmauboussin Columbia Business School — https://business.columbia.edu/ Morgan Stanley | Counterpoint Global — https://www.morganstanley.com/im/en-us/individual-investor/about-us/investment-teams/active-fundamental-equity/counterpoint-global-team.html The Heilbrunn Center for Graham and Dodd Investing — https://business.columbia.edu/heilbrunn Episode 332: Randolph Cohen and Michael Green — https://rationalreminder.ca/podcast/332   Books From Today's Episode:   The Success Equation — https://www.amazon.com/Success-Equation-Untangling-Business-Investing/dp/1422184234 More Than You Know — https://www.amazon.com/More-Than-You-Know-Unconventional/dp/0231143729 Expectations Investing — https://www.amazon.com/Expectations-Investing-Reading-Prices-Returns/dp/159139127X Think Twice — https://www.amazon.com/Think-Twice-Harnessing-Power-Counterintuition/dp/1422187381 Creating Shareholder Value — https://www.amazon.com/Creating-Shareholder-Value-Managers-Investors/dp/0684844109 Capitalism Without Capital — https://www.amazon.com/Capitalism-without-Capital-Intangible-Economy/dp/0691175039 The New Goliaths — https://www.amazon.com/New-Goliaths-Corporations-Industries-Innovation/dp/0300255047 Security Analysis — https://www.amazon.com/Security-Analysis-Foreword-Buffett-Editions/dp/0071592539 —    Papers From Today's Episode:    'The Dividend Disconnect' — https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2876373 'Trading Stages in the Company Life Cycle' — https://www.morganstanley.com/im/en-gb/intermediary-investor/insights/articles/trading-stages-in-the-company-life-cycle.html

In this heartfelt episode, we pay tribute to Charlie Munger, the visionary vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway who recently passed away. Joining us is Todd Combs, an investment officer at Berkshire Hathaway and a close acquaintance of Munger. Todd shares personal anecdotes and insights into Munger's profound influence on the investment world and his unique approach to life and business. From his early meetings with Munger to the invaluable lessons on value investing and rational thinking, Todd provides an intimate look into the wisdom of one of the greatest investors of our time.     Key Topics: Celebrating Charlie Munger's contributions and legacy (01:20) Todd's initial encounters with Munger (02:15) The intellectual journey and partnership between Munger and Buffett (08:57) Munger's approach to life, investing, and the importance of mental models (11:22) Behavioral economics insights shared by Munger (13:00) The practical applications of Munger's wisdom in business and investing (16:17) Munger's lasting impact (24:59) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode:   Poor Charlie's Almanack: The Essential Wit and Wisdom of Charles T. Munger by Charles T. Munger  Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman      Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Today's discussion with Kim Lew, President and CEO of the Columbia Investment Management Company, traverses her unique journey from her roots in the Bronx to managing a prominent Ivy League endowment. Kim shares her insights on navigating the intricate world of investment management, particularly in risk management and asset allocation. With a career marked by pivotal roles at entities like the Ford Foundation and Carnegie Corporation, her expertise brings a nuanced understanding of the interplay between market dynamics and organizational strategy. This episode explores how adaptability, intellectual curiosity, and understanding global trends shape successful investment approaches.   Key Topics: Kim's early career and transition to finance (2:59) Role at Chemical Bank and career progression (5:05) Experience at Prudential Capital and Ford Foundation (9:27) Shift to Carnegie Corporation and Columbia Investment Management (18:07) Challenges of managing a larger endowment (20:13) Aligning endowment goals with university values and ESG considerations (22:08) Comprehensive approach to risk management (26:54) Asset allocation and balancing public vs. private markets (34:06) The concept of future-proofing investment strategies (41:19) Organizational behavior in asset management (48:54) Importance of intellectual curiosity in team members (55:11) Kim's book recommendations (1:01:01) And much more! Mentioned in this Episode: Columbia Finance The Worlds I See: Curiosity, Exploration, and Discovery at the Dawn of AI by Fei-Fei Li Quit: The Power of Knowing When to Walk Away by Annie Duke Hidden Potential: The Science of Achieving Greater Things   Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

In the complex world of financial markets and economic fluctuations, John Armitage, a seasoned investment maestro, sits down with us today. As the chief strategist behind the success of Egerton Capital, Armitage brings his profound insights into navigating the complexities of portfolio management and the subtle art of risk-taking in fluctuating markets. His expertise, honed through years of experience, sheds light on the critical impact of macroeconomic shifts and the pitfalls that stock pickers often encounter amidst outdated corporate data. This episode delves into passive investing, dissecting the crucial role of competitive dynamics in sectors like European aviation and examining the transformative impact of a growing talent pool on the traditional realms of asset management. Armitage also ventures into the ethical crossroads, intertwining moral integrity, societal upheaval, and the revolutionary wave of artificial intelligence. We uncover his focus on growth, governance, and quality, underpinned by a meticulous decision-making process at Egerton Capital, his literary pursuits, pondering over the influence of literature on his investment philosophy, and so much more!     Key Topics: Overview of Egerton Capital (1:42) Transitioning from broad ideas to specific investments and the role of specialization (8:29) Egerton Capital's approach to researching new investment opportunities (12:58) Understanding market signals and opposing investment perspectives (15:46) John's approach to portfolio building and decision-making in investing (20:00) Client importance, portfolio building, and decision-making in investing (23:37) Luck, being in the right place at the right time, and mentorship (28:07) Managing portfolio volatility and the frequency of financial crises (30:54) John's positive outlook on reinsurance space and companies like Ryanair and Meta (35:31) The future of stock picking and asset management (41:19) What worries John and excites him about the future (43:09) John's book recommendations (45:29) And much more! Mentioned in this Episode: Egerton Capital The Golden Mole and Other Living Treasure by Katherine Rundell Super-Infinite - The Transformations of John Donne by Katherine Rundell The Fall of Robespierre: 24 Hours in Revolutionary Paris by Colin Jones The Sword and the Shield by Christopher Andrew and Vasilli Mitrokhin   Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

In the intricate dance of market movements and economic trends, it takes a discerning eye to discern patterns and make strategic decisions. Enter Nicolai Tangen, the astute CEO of Norges Bank Investment Management, who joins hosts Michael Mauboussin and Tano Santos on Value Investing with Legends. A connoisseur of art history and asset management, Nicolai offers a rare blend of expertise, drawing parallels between the seemingly disparate worlds of art and investment. His approach, marked by a blend of rigorous analysis and intuitive pattern recognition, reveals the underpinnings of a global economy shrouded in paranoia and driven by innovation. In this episode, Nicolai unfolds his journey from being an art student to leading one of the most prominent investment funds, highlighting how understanding historical context informs risk appetite. He brings to the forefront the role of AI in transforming investment strategies and the delicate balance of managing a substantial portfolio while maintaining a contrarian stance. Tune in to learn about the psychological aspects of risk assessment, the implications of AI on future investment strategies, the value of contrarian thinking in an ever-changing market, and so much more!     Key Topics: Nicolai's journey from Russian military studies to financial expertise at Wharton (2:45) Nicolai's foundational career experiences with John Armitage at Egerton Capital (4:04) The refreshing and insightful sabbatical Nicolai took to study art history (6:42) AKO Capital's strategy: selecting high-quality stocks for robust growth and solid returns (9:17) Investing success through deep reading, contemplative analysis, and rare decisive action (10:34) The critical role of pattern recognition in navigating financial uncertainties (13:51) Post-mortem analysis as a vital component of investment strategy refinement (15:41) The importance of contrarian perspectives in investment strategy and team development (19:09) Delving into CEOs' insights on market trends and the underestimated influence of corporate culture (23:04) Adapting from selecting individual assets to managing broad asset classes with team collaboration (26:48) Proactive engagement in corporate governance through ESG-focused voting practices (30:33) The inescapable responsibility of managing a globally influential investment fund (33:08) Balancing the promising prospects of AI with the imperative of managing social risks (35:36) Defining fund success beyond returns: robust processes and a motivated, fulfilled team (38:07) What keeps Nicolai up at night and excited about the future (40:40) Nicolai's book recommendations (43:24) And much more! Mentioned in this Episode: Norges Bank AKO Capital Egerton Capital Adam Grant - Think Again: The Power of Knowing What You Don't Know Angela Duckworth - Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance Amy Edmonson - Teaming: How Organizations Learn, Innovate, and Compete in the Knowledge Economy Annie Duke - Quit: The Power of Knowing When to Walk Away    Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

John Rogers isn't just a successful investor; he's an industry titan. As the founder of a reputable investment firm, he's made a name for himself with his contrarian value investing strategies. But he's not just a practitioner; he's an educator, avidly reading and contributing to seminal works in investment literature. John's journey began with an early fascination for finance from his youthful days. A Princeton alumnus, he entered the turbulent waters of the stock market and turned a calamity—the infamous crash of 1987—into a career-defining opportunity. In today's episode, John joins us to discuss his formative experiences, the philosophical underpinning of his investment strategy, and the importance of thinking long-term. We also delve into his roles on various corporate boards, where he weighs in on 401k plans, corporate governance, the pivotal role of diversity in creating equal opportunities for minority businesses, and so much more!     Key Topics: An overview of John's professional background (2:15) John's journey from William Blair to founding Ariel Investments (07:42) The 1987 market crash as a turning point for Ariel's value investing approach (10:04) John's philosophy on patient, research-heavy, value-based investing (13:07) How longevity in markets solidified John's faith in efficiency (19:15) The mechanics of idea generation at Ariel Investments (23:30) Ariel's methodology for dissecting investment errors (29:53) Drawing teamwork and pressure-handling lessons from Coach Krill (35:20) How board experience informs his investing (37:47) John's focus on value investing and cautious approach to buybacks (42:20) Why John is optimistic about The Sphere in Las Vegas and Adelum (46:18) John's fulfillment from social engagement and its business impact (50:18) What keeps John up at night and excited about the future (55:48) John's book recommendations (57:41) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode: Turn Every Page: The Adventures of Robert Caro and Robert Gottlieb Jonathan Eig | King: A Life Morgan Housel | The Psychology of Money: Timeless Lessons on Wealth, Greed, and Happiness Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Navigating the investment world is an enormous task, especially when looking at company numbers and the people running them. That's why we're thrilled to have Sheldon Stone on the show. Sheldon was the first in his family to go to college, attending the highly respected Bowden College. He was part of a remarkable class of 225 students, an experience that shaped his unique perspective on life and career. Hailing from New Jersey, Sheldon Stone has had a fascinating career journey. His time at Bowden wasn't just about hitting the books; it also laid the groundwork for his expertise in bonds and financial markets. In today's episode, hosts Michael Mauboussin and Tano Santos sit down with Sheldon to dig into the nuts and bolts of investing. Sheldon shares his path from studying government in college to becoming a seasoned Chief Investment Officer. We dive deep into critical considerations like balancing liquidity and safeguarding investments, understanding the growing high-yield market, and why intangible assets like brands and patents are making financial waves. Sheldon, Michael, and Tano will explore Sheldon's unique educational background, the trade-offs in investment strategies, the rise of the high-yield market, the role intangibles play in today's financial world, and so much more!     Key Topics: An overview of Sheldon's professional background (3:13) 40-year partnership with Howard Marks: mutual dynamics and shared intellect (8:38) Early high-yield bond market inefficiencies and technological limitations (11:23) How equity holders' approach affects creditor relations and company ease-of-work (18:57) Company growth via flexibility over ratings and the role of private equity (20:38) Operating in 300-550 basis point spreads; equity investment opportunities (24:18) Importance of new issues for returns; market appetite and deal quality (26:25) Role of equity market signals in bond investments; sector focus (28:34) Credit scoring matrix: eight critical factors for buy/sell decisions (31:17) Asset recovery rates: tangible vs intangible; market sentiment effects (39:25) Impact of rising rates on leveraged loans; stability measures (46:55) Challenges with interpreting delinquency rates; sector diversification strategies (50:30) Characteristics of influential investment committees: camaraderie and vital CIO (52:04) Teaching at Columbia; credit analysis as a career path for students (54:12) What keeps Sheldon up at night and excited about the future (57:14) Sheldon's book and theatre recommendations (59:00) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode: Charlie Ellis Book | Winning The Loser's Game Howard Marks' Books The Most Important Thing: Uncommon Sense for The Thoughtful Investor Mastering the Market Cycle: Getting the Odds on Your Side   Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Navigating the complex world of wealth creation and financial history can be daunting. That's why our guest, Ray Dalio, places a strong emphasis on understanding the evolution of wealth, the current economic landscape, and the patterns that govern financial markets.   As an iconic investor and author, Ray offers a wealth of knowledge backed by years of experience in the finance industry. He has written the seminal book, "Principles for Navigating Big Debt Crisis," which serves as a crucial resource for anyone interested in understanding historical financial crises.   Ray is a legendary investor and the founder of Bridgewater Associates, one of the largest hedge funds in the world. He has extensive experience with debt crises, having navigated them multiple times in his career. In addition to his achievements in finance, he is the author of several highly acclaimed books that have garnered him a massive following both inside and outside of the financial community.    In this episode, Ray, Michael, and Tano discuss a range of topics from the evolution of wealth throughout history to the rise of populism in the modern world. They delve into the role of capital markets in wealth creation, the importance of understanding risk-return trade-offs, and much more. Ray also shares his unique perspectives on the challenges faced by countries like China and talks about the importance of deleveraging in today's economic climate.   Join us as we dive deep into these captivating topics with one of the most brilliant minds in the finance industry. Stay tuned for an enriching conversation that promises to offer valuable insights and much more!     Key Topics: An overview of Ray's background (2:56) Ray's early foray into commodities (5:18) Shifting from micro to macro via commodities (6:59) Founding and pivoting Bridgewater (8:37) Alpha and beta separation in investing (11:29) Client portfolio customization, beating traditional methods  (14:04) Decision systemization for diverse returns (16:13) Navigating 2008 with debt dynamics knowledge (21:42) Transition from assets to future earnings (26:00) Market links to economic boom, risks of future promises (31:48) Growth's double-edged sword: innovation vs. debt and conflict (33:15) US-China war likelihood in the next decade (39:34) China's trio of challenges: Debt, demographics, economic model  (46:37) Advocacy for bipartisan societal reform (54:06) Ray's book recommendations (58:28) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode: Bridgewater Associates Principles for Navigating Big Debt Crises | Ray Dalio Principles for Dealing with the Changing World Order: Why Nations Succeed or Fail | Ray Dalio Henry Kissinger's Books The Age of AI: And Our Human Future Leadership: Six Studies in World Strategy Diplomacy Crisis: The Anatomy of Two Major Foreign Policy Crises   Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Blending Imagination with Expertise to Nurture your Investment Acumen  with Christopher Begg To truly thrive in investing, nurturing the right side of your brain and strengthening your investment acumen is critical. By cultivating and harnessing your creative edge, you can unlock the ability to see the bigger picture and make informed investment decisions. Exploring opportunities in certain uncertainties and volatile landscapes becomes a captivating endeavor driven by the pursuit of gaining an edge in investing. However, as an investor, stepping back and grasping the entire landscape proves invaluable, as it pushes you to delve into the depths of businesses, understand their culture, and meet their customers. This immersive process enables you to build a tangible understanding of the businesses you invest in, enhancing your competitive advantages and opening doors to alternative investment opportunities. By blending imagination, curiosity, and expertise, you pave the way for unrivaled insights and success in the dynamic world of investing. Christopher is the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Investment Officer, and co-founder of East Coast Asset Management. He also serves as an adjunct associate professor at the Heilbrunn Center of Graham and Dodd Investing at Columbia Business School, where he teaches Security Analysis.  Christopher's investment philosophy and passion for investing are something you can't miss! Tune in! What You Will Learn: [01:53] Christopher's background, how he began investing and ended up as an adjunct professor [06:44] Some of Christopher's most esteemed and favorite guest speakers over the years [09:47] Nurturing the right side of your brain to be more creative and see the bigger picture [15:31] Principles on how to strengthen your investment acumen [18:45] How Christopher works as a professor to help his students cultivate exploration of the right side of the brain [23:28] Investing in certain uncertainties and volatile investment environments.  [27:47] What Christopher looks for when investing and his process of making investment decisions  [30:27] Six principles to help you factor in Capital Allocation across geography in your decision-making process  [35:51] Is there an edge in investing that makes it worth pursuing?  [38:25] How understanding business through the eyes of an operator makes you a better investor  [41:43] The power and importance of expressing culture in every detail of your business [47:41] Christopher's perspective on where valuations are and what is keeping him awake at night [53:47] How to leverage AI for transformation and enhancing your competitive advantages   Standout Quotes: “In investing, stepping back and seeing the whole picture is so valuable.”- Christopher Begg [10:10] “The certain uncertainties are wonderful little models to see the fractal that exists across many systems.”- Christopher Begg [23:53] “As investors, we think we know everything there is about a business, but we have to go out and meet with these businesses, understand them, meet their customers and build tangible understanding of what the business and culture is”- Christopher Begg [33:19] “You can't outsource judgement; tohave judgement is to touch the source material.” - Christopher Begg [33:48]The information presented in this podcast or available on the website is not intended as and shall not be construed as financial advice. This podcast is produced for entertainment value. Investing is inherently risky. And I encourage you to seek financial advice from a professional who is aware of the facts and circumstances of your individual situation.

Today's conversation is a special one. I'm delighted to share my fireside chat with Markel Corporation's Tom Gayner from our 26th Annual CSIMA Conference. With decades of industry experience, Tom joined us to share insights into how Markel has differentiated itself from others in the insurance industry and the investment approach and philosophies that facilitate its continued growth.   Thomas “Tom” Gayner is the Co-Chief Executive Officer of Markel Corporation. He oversees investing activities for the company, as well as the Markel Ventures' diverse industrial and service businesses. Tom joined Markel in 1990 to form Markel Gayner Asset Management which provided equity investment counsel for Markel Corporation and outside clients.   In this episode, Tom and I discuss how he went from analyzing Markel to joining the team after its IPO, Markel's three-engine business model, how Markel Ventures originated, why it's essential to create an environment that's supportive of the way you'd like to operate, and so much more! Key Topics:   Tom's journey to joining Markel (1:28) Markel's three-engine architecture of insurance, investments, and Markel  Ventures (5:00) How AMF Bakery Equipment became Markel Ventures' first investment (9:18) The four lenses for assessing equity investments (13:33) Markel's nuanced approach to portfolio management (20:44) Learning to improve your investment decision-making process (24:14) Why Tom calls financial statements a donut truth (28:01) Translating the language of GAAP accounting to real economic meaning (29:48) Assessing a company's debt levels (33:31) How interest rates massively impact human behavior (35:05) And much more! Mentioned in this Episode:   Markel Corporation Annual Reports Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

When evaluating a company, getting a clear picture of all the relevant factors can be challenging. That's why today's guest, Scott Hendrickson, heavily emphasizes management quality and companies where diligence can provide a high level of conviction.   As a Columbia Business School graduate and adjunct professor, Scott is both a practitioner and a teacher. He has been an integral part of the investing program for almost a decade.   Scott Hendrickson is a Partner and the Co-Founder of Permian Investment Partners, a $1.2 billion management-focused global long/short investment fund. Before co-founding Permian, Scott worked as an Investment Analyst at Brahman Capital. Prior to Brahman, Scott worked as an Associate at Industrial Growth Partners, a middle-market-focused private equity fund. Scott started his career as an Analyst in Merrill Lynch's Investment Banking Program. Scott graduated from Emory University with a BBA in Finance in 2000 and Columbia Business School with an MBA in 2007. Scott serves on the Columbia Business School adjunct faculty, teaching Applied Value Investing since 2014.     In this episode, Scott, Tano, and I discuss Scott's journey to a career in investing, why Permian has management as their core focus, the three main business quality metrics they employ, risk management for short interests, characteristics of transformational acquisitions, how teaching has expanded Scott's perspective, and so much more! Key Topics:   How Scott's interest in investing evolved from his love for music (1:57) Scott's learnings from his time at Brahman Capital (5:35) Criteria Permian seeks in longs and shorts (7:01) Why Permian has management as a core focus (8:08) How the quality of Permian's LPs has become an advantage (10:53) Permian's approach to screening (12:49) The three main business quality metrics employed (15:38) Permian's portfolio construction and power rank system (17:20) Breaking down the four short frameworks (22:01) Risk management for short interests (24:46) Factoring in the macro view (26:31) How Permian applies value-added research (30:00) What it means to be “diligence-able” and why that matters (33:38) Characteristics of transformational acquisitions (37:22) Differentiating between structural and fixable costs (39:41) What's behind the long-term underperformance of European stock markets (42:35) How teaching has expanded Scott's perspective (44:54) Scott's recommendations for investors to improve the odds that they will be successful over time (46:26) What keeps Scott up at night and excited about the future (47:23) Scott's book recommendations (50:16) And much more! Mentioned in this Episode:   William N. Thorndike's Book | The Outsiders: Eight Unconventional CEOs and Their Radically Rational Blueprint for Success Jim Rogers' Books Investment Biker: Around the World with Jim Rogers Adventure Capitalist: The Ultimate Road Trip Hernando De Soto's Book | The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else Joel Greenblatt's Book | You Can Be a Stock Market Genius: Uncover the Secret Hiding Places of Stock Market Profits Seth A. Klarman's Book | Margin of Safety: Risk-Averse Value Investing Strategies for the Thoughtful Investor Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!  

«Experiencias internacionales en la gestión de la crisis de deuda», Tano Santos. Robert Heilbrunn Professor of Asset Management and Finance y Director del Heilbrunn Center for Graham and Dood Investing, Columbia Business School, Universidad de Columbia

Brought to you by Athletic Greens's AG1 all-in-one nutritional supplement, House of Macadamias delicious and nutritious nuts, and Shopify global commerce platform providing tools to start, grow, market, and manage a retail business. Michael Mauboussin (@mjmauboussin) is Head of Consilient Research on Counterpoint Global at Morgan Stanley Investment Management.Prior to joining Counterpoint Global, Michael was Director of Research at BlueMountain Capital, Head of Global Financial Strategies at Credit Suisse, and Chief Investment Strategist at Legg Mason Capital Management. Michael originally joined Credit Suisse in 1992 as a packaged food industry analyst and was named Chief U.S. Investment Strategist in 1999.Michael is the author of The Success Equation: Untangling Skill and Luck in Business, Sports, and Investing, Think Twice: Harnessing the Power of Counterintuition, and More Than You Know: Finding Financial Wisdom in Unconventional Places. More Than You Know was named one of "The 100 Best Business Books of All Time" by 800-CEO-READ, one of the best business books by BusinessWeek (2006), and best economics book by Strategy+Business (2006). Michael is also co-author, with Alfred Rappaport, of Expectations Investing: Reading Stock Prices for Better Returns. Michael has been an adjunct professor of finance at Columbia Business School since 1993 and is on the faculty of the Heilbrunn Center for Graham and Dodd Investing. He received the Dean's Award for Teaching Excellence in 2009 and 2016 and the Graham & Dodd, Murray, Greenwald Prize for Value Investing in 2021.Michael earned an A.B. from Georgetown University. He is chairman emeritus of the board of trustees of the Santa Fe Institute, a leading center for multidisciplinary research in complex systems theory.Please enjoy!This episode is brought to you by Shopify! Shopify is one of my favorite platforms and one of my favorite companies. Shopify is designed for anyone to sell anywhere, giving entrepreneurs the resources once reserved for big business. In no time flat, you can have a great-looking online store that brings your ideas to life, and you can have the tools to manage your day-to-day and drive sales. No coding or design experience required.Go to shopify.com/Tim to sign up for a one-dollar-per-month trial period. It's a great deal for a great service, so I encourage you to check it out. Take your business to the next level today by visiting shopify.com/Tim.*This episode is also brought to you by House of Macadamias delicious and nutritious nuts! I love macadamia nuts and have been enjoying them often since keto expert Dr. Dominic D'Agostino recommended them on the podcast in 2015. They taste great, and with more healthy, monounsaturated fat than both olive oil and avocados, 27% fewer carbs than almonds, and more than 50% fewer carbs than cashews, they're the perfect low-carb, keto-friendly, nutty snack. In fact, I just ate a handful of lightly white-chocolate-covered macadamias about an hour ago to keep me going through the afternoon until dinner. And I will say this: ​House of Macadamias produces the best-tasting macadamia nuts I've ever eaten… by far.Listeners of The Tim Ferriss Show can use code TIM20 to get 20% off all orders, plus, for a limited time, a free, premium, extra-virgin, cold-pressed macadamia oil with any order, valued at $20. Visit HouseOfMacadamias.com/Tim to discover some of the most delicious and nutritious nuts on the planet.*This episode is also brought to you by Athletic Greens. I get asked all the time, “If you could use only one supplement, what would it be?” My answer is usually AG1 by Athletic Greens, my all-in-one nutritional insurance. I recommended it in The 4-Hour Body in 2010 and did not get paid to do so. I do my best with nutrient-dense meals, of course, but AG further covers my bases with vitamins, minerals, and whole-food-sourced micronutrients that support gut health and the immune system. Right now, Athletic Greens is offering you their Vitamin D Liquid Formula free with your first subscription purchase—a vital nutrient for a strong immune system and strong bones. Visit AthleticGreens.com/Tim to claim this special offer today and receive the free Vitamin D Liquid Formula (and 5 free travel packs) with your first subscription purchase! That's up to a one-year supply of Vitamin D as added value when you try their delicious and comprehensive all-in-one daily greens product.*[07:12] Latin roots.[09:14] No business education? No problem![12:15] The best food industry analyst.[15:36] Consilience.[19:58] Complex adaptive systems.[23:26] Diversity.[26:23] The wisdom of crowds.[32:42] The minimum effective dose of cognitive diversity.[36:02] Designing experiments.[43:49] Against the Gods and Complexity.[49:56] Value investing and the Santa Fe Institute.[53:57] A brief 21st-century asset class tour.[57:47] Base rates and horses.[1:06:16] Good vs. great investors.[1:13:22] Expanding options when making decisions.[1:18:56] Favorite failures.[1:20:35] Counteracting overreliance on experts.[1:24:34] Intuition.[1:34:15] Time management tenets.[1:40:59] Parental resources.[1:43:42] Perspectives gained by learning about complex adaptive systems.[1:46:12] Recommended reading.[1:47:32] Michael's billboard.[1:50:33] Parting thoughts.*For show notes and past guests on The Tim Ferriss Show, please visit tim.blog/podcast.For deals from sponsors of The Tim Ferriss Show, please visit tim.blog/podcast-sponsorsSign up for Tim's email newsletter (5-Bullet Friday) at tim.blog/friday.For transcripts of episodes, go to tim.blog/transcripts.Discover Tim's books: tim.blog/books.Follow Tim:Twitter: twitter.com/tferriss Instagram: instagram.com/timferrissYouTube: youtube.com/timferrissFacebook: facebook.com/timferriss LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/timferrissPast guests on The Tim Ferriss Show include Jerry Seinfeld, Hugh Jackman, Dr. Jane Goodall, LeBron James, Kevin Hart, Doris Kearns Goodwin, Jamie Foxx, Matthew McConaughey, Esther Perel, Elizabeth Gilbert, Terry Crews, Sia, Yuval Noah Harari, Malcolm Gladwell, Madeleine Albright, Cheryl Strayed, Jim Collins, Mary Karr, Maria Popova, Sam Harris, Michael Phelps, Bob Iger, Edward Norton, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Neil Strauss, Ken Burns, Maria Sharapova, Marc Andreessen, Neil Gaiman, Neil de Grasse Tyson, Jocko Willink, Daniel Ek, Kelly Slater, Dr. Peter Attia, Seth Godin, Howard Marks, Dr. Brené Brown, Eric Schmidt, Michael Lewis, Joe Gebbia, Michael Pollan, Dr. Jordan Peterson, Vince Vaughn, Brian Koppelman, Ramit Sethi, Dax Shepard, Tony Robbins, Jim Dethmer, Dan Harris, Ray Dalio, Naval Ravikant, Vitalik Buterin, Elizabeth Lesser, Amanda Palmer, Katie Haun, Sir Richard Branson, Chuck Palahniuk, Arianna Huffington, Reid Hoffman, Bill Burr, Whitney Cummings, Rick Rubin, Dr. Vivek Murthy, Darren Aronofsky, Margaret Atwood, Mark Zuckerberg, Peter Thiel, Dr. Gabor Maté, Anne Lamott, Sarah Silverman, Dr. Andrew Huberman, and many more.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

With the constant evolution of the asset management industry, investors need to stay a step ahead to justify earning an active management fee. With over 40 years of experience in the industry, this is a lesson that today's guest, Bill Nygren of Harris Associates, instills in the younger analysts he mentors.   Bill is a true legend of value investing and an investor you can turn to whenever the market is uncertain. He radiates fundamental ideas and has an expansive perspective on the comings and goings of the market and the economy at large.    Bill is the Chief Investment Officer for US equities at Harris Associates, which he joined in 1983, and a vice president of the Oakmark Funds. He has been a manager of the Oakmark Select Fund since 1996, Oakmark Fund since 2000, and the Oakmark Global Select Fund since 2006. Bill served as the firm's director of research from 1990 to 1998. He has received many accolades during his investment career, including being named Morningstar's Domestic Stock Manager of the Year for 2001, and he holds an M.S. in Finance from the University of Wisconsin's Applied Security Analysis Program (1981) and a B.S. in accounting from the University of Minnesota (1980).   In this episode, Bill, Michael, and I discuss why Bill was drawn to value investing, why generalist analysts transition more easily to portfolio manager than specialists, his approach to idea generation and portfolio construction, pivoting in times of crisis and great distress, recession insights from over 40 years of experience, and so much more! Key Topics:   Welcome Bill to the show (1:09) Bill's lifelong fascination with the line between gambling and investing (2:17) Why Bill was drawn to value investing (4:51) The importance of working at a firm that shares your investment philosophy (6:26) Why generalist analysts transition more easily to portfolio manager than industry specialists (9:36) Dealing with industry intricacies as a generalist analyst (14:05) Harris Associates' approach to idea generation (15:55) What it's like to be an analyst at Harris Associates (18:31) Why Harris uses multiple techniques to define value (24:25) Looking at management's attitude towards capital redeployment (26:33) Harris' maintenance process and error recognition methods (30:08) Bill's thoughts on the news of Microsoft's massive investment into OpenAI(32:53) Pivoting in times of crisis and great distress (36:38) Capital One as a case study of a stock that represents a good investment opportunity today (41:25) Recession insights from over 40 years of industry experience (44:02) Thinking about the effect of the current interest rate environment (48:35) Criteria for portfolio construction and position sizing (49:52) The evolving opportunity set (53:21) Identifying anomalies in GAAP accounting (55:44) The things that keep Bill up at night and excited about the future (59:31) Bill's book recommendations (1:02:04) And much more! Mentioned in this Episode:   Harris Associates Oakmark Funds Michael Dell's Book | Play Nice But Win: A CEO's Journey from Founder to Leader John Mack's Book | Up Close and All In: Life Lessons from a Wall Street Warrior Joe Maddon & Tom Verducci's Book | The Book of Joe: Trying Not to Suck at Baseball and Life   Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

One of the most exciting things in our industry is finding young investment managers who are incredibly bright, hard-working, and well-trained in the investment process. Our guest today, Angela Aldrich, fits that bill perfectly.   Angela is the co-founder of Bayberry Capital Partners, a hedge fund with a half-billion dollars in assets based in New York. Before starting Bayberry Capital Partners, she worked at John Griffin's Blue Ridge Capital, which shut down in 2017 after a glorious 21-year run during which it returned its investors an average return of 15.3% annually. Angela graduated from Duke University with a degree in economics and received an MBA from Stanford University Graduate School of Business. Before joining Blue Ridge, Angela worked at Goldman Sachs, BDT Capital Partners, and Scout Capital Management.   In this episode, Angelo, Tano, and I discuss her path to a career in investing, what it was like to be mentored by John Griffin, Angela's key learnings from her transition from analyst to portfolio manager, Bayberry's investment philosophy and approach to search, portfolio construction and sizing, how to find opportunities in volatility, case studies of companies which demonstrate Bayberry's organizational principles in action, and so much more!   This podcast is not an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to purchase any securities, nor is it an offer of any advisory services. This podcast is for informational and educational purposes only, and intended to provide general market commentary. The discussion of any individual investments discussed in this podcast is for informational purposes only, and any such investments are not representative of all of the investments held, or that may in the future be held, by any fund, account or investment vehicle managed by Bayberry Capital Partners LP. Nothing in this podcast, including any discussion of past results, is a guarantee of similar or future outcomes.   Key Topics:   Welcome Angela to the show (2:12) How Angela found her way to a career in investing (3:09) The transformational experience of working with John Griffin, founder of Blue Ridge Capital Management (5:53) Navigating the transition from analyst to portfolio manager (9:13) Portfolio construction as a form of risk management (11:20) Finding opportunities in periods of crisis and high volatility (15:00) The investment philosophy and organizational principles that drive results at Bayberry Capital (18:25) Bayberry's approach to recognizing surprisingly high business quality (22:04) Signposts of suitable candidates for the short side (25:39) Unlocking value from an investment thesis (27:22) How to avoid thesis creep (30:26) The central importance of identifying the right key investment factors (33:23) Portfolio sizing principles at Bayberry (36:21) Why WillScot Mobile Mini Holdings became Bayberry's largest long (39:36) How Bayberry goes about valuing businesses (48:27) Why Bayberry became interested in Burford Capital (50:38) What keeps Angela worried and excited about markets in the future (1:01:14) Angela's book recommendations (1:02:32) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode:   Carol S. Dweck's Book | Mindset: The New Psychology of Success Sudhir Venkatesh's Book | Gang Leader for a Day: A Rogue Sociologist Takes to the Streets   Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Over the past several decades, asset management has transformed from a small industry with a few experts competing against a majority of amateurs in the market to a market saturated with well-equipped and highly resourced experts competing against each other.   When I think about my pantheon of all-time great investment thinkers and writers, our guest today stands out as one of the industry's legends. Charley Ellis has played the most significant role in how I think about the investment industry, and I can't think of anyone better to talk about the industry's evolution.   Dr. Charles D. Ellis is the founder and former managing partner of Greenwich Associates, an international consultancy where he advised large institutional investors, foundations, and government organizations in more than 130 financial markets across the globe. Through that lens, he has been a keen observer of what works in organizations and markets for the last half-century. For nine years, Charley was chair of the Investment Committee at Yale, his alma mater, where he worked closely with its legendary Chief Investment Officer, David Swensen. He also served as a director of the Vanguard Group from 2001 to 2009. Charlie is a Harvard Business School graduate and has taught advanced investing courses at both Yale and Harvard. The CFA Institute recognized him as one of the twelve leading contributors to the investment profession, and along the way, Charlie has published nineteen books.   In this episode, Tano, Charley, and I discuss what inspired him to found Greenwich Associates, what goes into identifying the right questions to ask, how the industry has shifted from a winner's game to a loser's game, the massive changes in the asset management industry since the founding of Greenwich Associates, lessons from the Yale endowment model, Charley's book recommendations, and so much more!       Key Topics:   Welcome Charley to the show (1:13) How Charley's early experience at Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette inspired the concept for Greenwich Associates (3:07) Structuring research and gathering the right kinds of questions (7:51) How Charley developed a passion for sharing insights with the public at large (10:00) The dual roles of academia and the industry itself in the evolution of the asset management industry (11:46) Simon Ramo and The Loser's Game (13:33) Massive changes in the asset management industry since Charley founded Greenwich Associates (19:07) Why it was much easier for active managers to beat the market in the early days of the industry (25:03) Understanding the relentless pace of competition (29:35) The importance of actively determining the right investment strategy for you (32:44) Charley's perspective on the legacy of Vanguard's Jack Bogle (37:26) Why Charley cites John Neff as the best active manager of his time (43:27) David Swenson's capacity for innovative thinking (46:51) Lessons from the Yale endowment model (51:02) Highlights from Charley's book, Capital (58:38) Essential elements of creating and perpetuating a great culture (1:00:06) Why the willingness to address problems head-on is crucial in sustaining excellence (1:02:30) Charlie's excitement about our education system (1:06:19) Which overlooked issue does Charlie wish garnered more attention? (1:07:07) Charley's book recommendations (1:12:09) And much more!       Mentioned in this Episode:   Charley Ellis' Books Figuring It Out: Sixty Years of Answering Investors' Most Important Questions Inside Vanguard: Leadership Secrets From the Company That Continues to Rewrite the Rules of the Investing Business Winning the Loser's Game: Timeless Strategies for Successful Investing Capital: The Story of Long-Term Investment Excellence What It Takes: Seven Secrets of Success from the World's Greatest Professional Firms Charley Ellis' Articles The Loser's Game In Defense of Active Investing Burton G. Malkiel's Book | A Random Walk Down Wall Street: The Best Investment Guide That Money Can Buy Neil deGrasse Tyson's Book | Astrophysics for People in a Hurry     Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Success comes from value creation.    For a strategic initiative to create value, it must increase willingness to pay or decrease willingness to sell. Otherwise, the resources expended will not flow into profitability.   Today's discussion is one I was looking forward to because we're focusing on value-based strategy frameworks and using strategic analysis to understand whether a company has a competitive advantage. Joining us to explore this topic is someone who has taken a fundamentally sound framework and brought it to life with excellent insights and vivid examples, Felix Oberholzer-Gee.   Felix Oberholzer-Gee is the Andreas Andresen Professor of Business Administration in the Strategy Unit at Harvard Business School. A member of the faculty since 2003, Felix has won numerous awards for excellence in teaching, including the Harvard Business School Class of 2006 Faculty Teaching Award for best teacher in the core curriculum and the 2002 Helen Kardon Moss Anvil Award for best teacher in the Wharton MBA program. He teaches competitive strategy in executive education programs such as the Program for Leadership Development, the Senior Executive Program for China, and a program for media executives titled Effective Strategies for Media Companies. His course, Strategies Beyond the Market, is a popular elective class for second-year MBA students. Felix is the author of numerous books, and his latest book, Better, Simpler Strategy, will be a major subject of today's conversation.   In this episode, Felix, Tano, and I discuss how Felix defines his strategy framework, why willingness to pay and willingness to sell should be at the core of every strategy conversation, the value of ROIC as a metric of success, how Felix thinks about driving competitive advantages, value capture versus value creation, how to think about complements and substitutes, the potential for innovation and productivity growth, and so much more! Key Topics:   Welcome Felix to the show (2:03) Why a Ph.D. for career advancement unexpectedly led to Felix's transition into academia (2:24) How case writing guides Felix's interests and research focus (4:20) Defining a value-based strategy framework (6:25) Why should every conversation start with “Are we increasing willingness to pay or are we decreasing willingness to sell?” (10:08) Why Felix chose return on invested capital (ROIC) as a primary metric (12:40) Looking at ROIC distribution over the long term (14:22) Focusing on creating a competitive advantage inside of your industry segment (18:25) The significant issues strategists have with P&L statements (21:31) Value capture versus value creation (24:56) Determining willingness to pay (28:21) Harnessing network effects to increase willingness to pay (29:19) When to be worried about new entrants (33:18) Types of relationships between complementors (36:59) Understanding complements and value creation (40:26) Identifying complements and subtitutes (43:27) The effect of different management practices on productivity and willingness to sell (50:53) Tying willingness to pay and willingness to sell to strategy maps (56:01) Case study: Best Buy (58:09) The potential for innovation and productivity growth (1:02:09) Why Felix is obsessed with the differences between how we think about products and services versus jobs (1:04:50) Felix's book recommendations (1:08:18) And much more! Mentioned in this Episode:   Felix Oberholzer-Gee's Book | Better, Simpler Strategy: A Value-Based Guide to Exceptional Performance Youngme Moon's Book | Different: Escaping the Competitive Herd Frances Frei & Anne Morriss' Book | Uncommon Service: How to Win by Putting Customers at the Core of Your Business Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

To be a good value investor, you must be a good credit analyst.   Over the years, I learned so much from the many investors I've met through Heilbrunn. I've shamelessly incorporated these ideas and insights into my lecture notes and the curriculum. Today's guest is one such person.   Mitch Julis has had a disproportionately large impact on both my thinking and the program design. Now he joins me for a conversation about the rich interactions between the nature of the firm's business operation and the liability side of the balance sheet.   Mitchell R. Julis is the Co-Founder, Co-Chairman, and Co-Chief Executive Officer of Canyon Partners, LLC. Mitch is a graduate of the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University, Harvard Law School, and Harvard Business School. He received an honorary doctorate from Yeshiva University of New York in 2011. Before forming Canyon, Mitch directed a group of professionals responsible for a distressed and special situation securities portfolio at Drexel Burnham Lambert. He was a bankruptcy and creditors' rights attorney at Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz in New York.   In this episode, Mitch and I discuss his journey from Bronx to Beverly Hills, the juxtaposition of accounting and accountability, why increasing spending power can undermine our federal system of competition, the four P's of understanding governance, Mitch's accidental entry into restructuring and bankruptcy law, arbitrage opportunities that arise in distressed situations, his approach to risk assessment, and so much more!     Key Topics:   Welcome Mitch to the show (0:39) Mitch's rich childhood in the Bronx (3:14) The journey to Princeton and Mitch's goal to go to the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs (9:35) The juxtaposition of accounting and accountability (15:47) Why increasing spending power can undermine our federal system of competition (18:09) How the four P's of understanding governance play out in real-world situations (23:58) Mitch's accidental entry into restructuring and bankruptcy law (29:31) Challenging the Countryman definition of executory contract at Harvard Law (33:12) Mitch's unexpected career moves (35:39) How Mitch's time at Drexel shifted his thinking about financial markets (38:30) Exploring arbitrage opportunities that arise in distressed situations (42:05) Using accounting to its maximum potential when modeling the evolution of the balance sheet (49:09) Insights from Canyon's statement of changes in net financial obligations (50:09) Chapter 11 escape holes and loopholes created by the private equity world (54:49) Mitch's approach to risk assessment (57:08) How the next financial crisis will play out (1:03:50) What keeps Mitch up at night with worry? (1:11:08) Mitch's movie recommendations (1:15:14) Embracing a continuous learning mindset with humility (1:18:29) And much more!     Mentioned in this Episode:   Canyon Partners Richard E. Neustadt's Book | Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents: The Politics of Leadership from Roosevelt to Reagan Philip Hamburger's Book | Purchasing Submission: Conditions, Power, and Freedom Freddie Gershon's Book | Sweetie Baby Cookie Honey: A Novel Sujeet Indap & Max Frumes'Book | The Caesars Palace Coup: How a Billionaire Brawl Over the Famous Casino Exposed the Corruption of the Private Equity Industry The Offer on Paramount Plus Rabbi Benjamin Blech's Article | Bernie & The Godfather Spirited on Apple TV     Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

“Right next to the really cheap junk, there are some really cheap gems."   Welcome to a new season of the Value Investing with Legends podcast!   We're delighted to welcome our first guests for the season, Andrew Wellington and Dan Kaskawits from Lyrical Asset Management. In 2008, Andrew started the firm with three core pillars of investing: value, quality, and analyzability. That approach leads them to focus on building concentrated portfolios that generate great returns through the core principles of value investing with a long-term time horizon.   Andrew Wellington is the Chief Investment Officer of Lyrical and has more than two decades of experience in the asset management industry. After spending five years in management consulting, in 1996, Andrew joined Pzena Investment Management as a founding member and its first research analyst. Five years later, after honing his skills as an equity analyst and value investor, Andrew joined Neuberger Berman in 2001, where he went on to run their institutional mid-cap value product. After Neuberger, Andrew spent two years in activist investing at New Mountain Capital. Andrew graduated summa cum laude and as the top graduating senior from the University of Pennsylvania's Management & Technology Program in 1990, earning a Bachelor of Science in Economics from the Wharton School and a Bachelor of Science in Engineering from the School of Engineering.   Dan Kaskawits joined Lyrical in January 2018 as a Senior Research Analyst. Dan has over 15 years of experience investing in public equities. Before Lyrical, he served as an Analyst at Elm Ridge Capital from January 2011 to December 2017 and as an Associate at Citi Investment Research from October 2003 to June 2009. Dan graduated from Tulane University and received an MBA from Columbia Business School. Dan has earned the right to use the Chartered Financial Analyst designation.   In this episode, Andrew, Dan, and I discuss how they got started in the asset management industry, lessons they learned from value investing legends, why Andrew founded Lyrical Asset Management, what makes a successful international value strategy, Lyrical's approach to search, how they operationalize their core pillars, why it's advantageous to be a generalist, their top book recommendations, and so much more! Lyrical Asset Management LP's participation in this interview does not convey any offering or the solicitation of any offer to invest in the strategies discussed. Moreover, the information contained in this interview is not provided by Lyrical in a fiduciary capacity and does not constitute investment advice. Positions held by Lyrical portfolios are subject to change without notice; Lyrical bears no responsibility to update any opinions or information expressed herein. A list of all Lyrical recommendations is available upon request. Please see lyricalam.com/notes for a discussion of certain material risks of an investment in Lyrical's strategies.   Key Topics:   Welcome Andrew and Dan to the show (00:56) How Andrew got into asset management from management consulting (3:09) Dan's journey to Columbia Business School and his asset management career (5:29) Invaluable lessons from Joel Greenblatt and Rich Pzena in being an equity analyst and a value investor (8:25) Learning to be a value investor at Elm Ridge (11:05) The restrictions that come from career concerns and what makes Lyrical Asset Management different (16:04) Crucial elements of a successful international value strategy (19:43) Lyrical's approach to search and the use of screens (23:33) Defining quality and analyzability and how Lyrical operationalizes them (29:20) Computing ROIC with significant intangibles (36:12) Ashtead Technology is a quintessential example of Lyrical's investment philosophy (42:43) Often overlooked benefits of counter-cyclical cashflow (46:59) The generalist's advantage (50:04) Dimensions of popularity (52:52) Why Lyrical offers clients the opportunity to invest in value ETFs (54:55) How the FAANG stocks influenced the outsized return of growth vs. value stocks in the past 10 to 15 years (59:14) Lyrical's value-focused impact strategy (1:02:27) Andrew's philosophy: “Don't predict; prepare.” (1:06:19) Dan and Andrew's book recommendations (1:08:44) And much more!     Mentioned in this Episode:   Lyrical Asset Management Value Investing with Legends Podcast | Allison Fisch - Unlocking Value in Emerging Markets Annie Duke's Book | Quit: The Power of Knowing When to Walk Away Benjamin Graham's Book | The Intelligent Investor Rev Ed.: The Definitive Book on Value Investing Bruce C. Greenwald's Book | Competition Demystified: A Radically Simplified Approach to Business Strategy James Montier's Book | Value Investing: Tools and Techniques for Intelligent Investment Michael Mauboussin's Books Annie Duke's Book | Thinking in Bets: Making Smarter Decisions When You Don't Have All the Facts Walter Isaacson's Book | The Code Breaker: Jennifer Doudna, Gene Editing, and the Future of the Human Race Walter Isaacson's Book | Steve Jobs Ryan Holiday's Book | Stillness Is the Key     Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

“We look for exceptional small and mid cap companies with the wherewithal to become exceptional large companies.”   This is at the core of the investment philosophy of today's guest, Columbia Business School alum Amy Zhang. Amy is Executive Vice President and Portfolio Manager of the Alger Small Cap Focus, Alger Mid Cap Focus, Alger Mid Cap 40, and Alger Small Cap Growth Strategies. She joined Alger in 2015 and has 27 years of investment experience, including over a decade at Brown Capital Management as a Partner, Managing Director, and Senior Portfolio Manager of its Brown Capital Small Company Strategy.   Amy has received multiple accolades, including being named one of the "Best Female PMs to Invest with Now" by Morningstar in 2022 and one of the “Top 20 Female Portfolio Managers” by Citywire in 2021, 2019, and 2018.   In this episode, Amy, Michael, and I discuss Amy's unconventional background and studies, why she made the move to managing small cap growth portfolios, how to think about small cap investments, the key metrics she looks for when assessing potential companies, her classification system of motorboats and sailboats, opportunities available in the current market, and so much more!   For more information and disclosures please visit www.alger.com     Key Topics:   Reflections on the 2021/22 academic year (0:51) Welcome Amy to the show (1:26) How Amy found her way from studying math and physics to starting her investment career (2:44) How Amy's decision to apply to Columbia Business School (CBS) led to her first job in finance (5:43) Getting broad experiences after graduating from CBS (8:33) The valuable training and experiences Amy gained in her early career (10:24) Why Amy made the move to managing small cap growth portfolios (12:23) How Amy's investment philosophy has evolved (14:23) Alger's criteria for small cap (16:30) Getting a realistic perspective on the total addressable market (TAM) (19:10) Measuring the growth of intangibles inside a firm (23:53) Quantitative and qualitative metrics for assessing moats (25:12) Why management discussion is essential (26:51) Company classification: motorboats vs. sailboats (30:14) Why barriers to entry are more significant than first-mover advantage (32:15) Making the buy or sell decision (35:05) Assumptions that go into the margin of safety (37:37) Opportunities offered by the current market turmoil (41:42) Not all growth is created equal (45:57) How Amy thinks about portfolio construction in today's market (48:02) The importance of being benchmark agnostic (50:53) What worries and excites Amy most about the next few years in financial markets? (52:50) Amy's book recommendations (54:47) And much more!     Mentioned in this Episode:   Philip A. Fisher's Book | Common Stocks and Uncommon Profits and Other Writings Seth A. Klarman's Book | Margin of Safety: Risk-Averse Value Investing Strategies for the Thoughtful Investor Michael Mauboussin's Book | More Than You Know: Finding Financial Wisdom in Unconventional Places Scott Davis' Book | Lessons from the Titans: What Companies in the New Economy Can Learn from the Great Industrial Giants to Drive Sustainable Success Mark Robichaux's Book | Cable Cowboy: John Malone and the Rise of the Modern Cable Business     Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

How do you create a portfolio strategy that takes into account both safety and the pursuit of your aspirational goals?   That's what today's guest, Ashvin Chhabra, set out to answer with the Wealth Allocation Framework. Ashvin is President and Chief Investment Officer of Euclidean Capital, a New York-based family office for James H. Simons & Marilyn H. Simons. The Simons Foundation is dedicated to advancing research in mathematics and the basic sciences and is currently one of America's largest private funders in those areas. Prior to his current position, Ashvin was Chief Investment Officer for Merrill Lynch and Chief Investment Officer at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. He's also the author of a terrific book, The Aspirational Investor, which was published in 2015. Ashvin holds a Ph.D. in Applied Physics from Yale University in the field of nonlinear dynamics.   In this episode, Ashvin, Tano, and I discuss Ashvin's background as a theoretical physicist, why he didn't see himself becoming a great trader, how the Wealth Allocation Framework was developed, his frustrations with modern portfolio theory, how he brings behavioral finance into wealth management, how to think about inflation and wealth preservation, and so much more!     Key Topics:   Welcome Ashvin to the show (1:05) The beginnings of Ashvin's dream of becoming a physicist (2:58) The deep insights Ashvin was exposed to in his university studies (3:53) Benoit Mandelbrot's influence on Ashvin's thinking (5:51) Ashvin's transition from theoretical physicist to derivatives trading (9:20) Why Ashvin didn't resonate with a career on the trading floor (11:24) How the Wealth Allocation Framework was developed (15:54) Three main components of the wealth allocation framework (18:11) The engine of wealth creation (22:24) Why we need to understand models in their specific context (25:05) An evolving view of risk (28:46) Bringing behavioral finance into wealth management (31:23) Ashvin's perspective on the evolution of the endowment model (34:55) Diversifying through various ecosystems (38:26) How to think about inflation and wealth preservation (41:43) Bringing in an element of common sense and humanity (45:26) The macro issues that worry Ashvin (47:52) The beauty of the non-linear aspects of financial markets (51:13) Ashvin's book recommendations (53:03) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode:   Ashvin B. Chhabra's Book | The Aspirational Investor: Taming the Markets to Achieve Your Life's Goals Ashvin B. Chhabra's Paper | Beyond Markowitz: A Comprehensive Wealth Allocation Framework for Individual Investors Patrick Bolton, Tano Santos and José Scheinkman's Paper | Cream Skimming in Financial Markets Robert A. Caro's Book | Working Robert A. Caro's Book | The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York Benoit Mandelbrot & Richard L Hudson's Book | The Misbehavior of Markets: A Fractal View of Financial Turbulence Benjamin Graham's Book | The Intelligent Investor: The Definitive Book on Value Investing Morgan Housel's Book | The Psychology of Money: Timeless lessons on wealth, greed, and happiness Amor Towles' Book | A Gentleman in Moscow   Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

“The data is the data, and that's it.”   As a model user, it's easy to get hyperfocused on quantitative data but reality requires a broader approach.   In the current market environment with uncertainty at every turn, it's an advantage to be able to blend quantitative and qualitative analysis with years of experience observing the interaction between the economy at large and financial markets.   Today we're joined by Wall Street Legend, Abby Joseph Cohen, a student of the market who has seen lots of ups and downs from early in her career.  Abby was most recently Senior Investment Strategist at Goldman Sachs and she is now a full-time member of the faculty at Columbia Business School, where she teaches a very popular course called the Future of the Global Economy.   Abby started her Wall Street career at T. Rowe Price, ultimately landing at Goldman Sachs in 1990. She made her name there as Chief US Portfolio Strategist, was named a Managing Director in 1996, and made Partner in 1998 shortly before the firm went public. Abby is a native New Yorker, attended Cornell University, and received a master's degree in economics from George Washington University.   In this episode, Abby, Tano, and I discuss the unusual route Abby took in her studies when she combined economics with computer science, why she considers herself a reformed quant, the importance of combining quantitative and qualitative data, what we can learn from financial crises of the past, why she doesn't believe we're experiencing the end of globalization, and so much more!   Key Topics:   Welcome Abby to the show (1:06) The unusual path Abby charted for herself in her studies (2:25) Why Abby considers herself a reformed quant (4:35) When a model stops working (6:23) The art of using a model (7:55) What happens when many investors are using the same models (9:58) How declining interest rates have impacted financial markets in recent decades (13:08) The issues that have developed out of the rise of ETFs and index funds (15:03) What we can learn from the TMT (technology, media, telecom) sector runup in 1999 and 2000 (18:46) The sustainability of companies and how it affects pricing (20:27) The evolution of the syllabus for the Future of the Global Economy (23:00) Factors that cause a crisis to become a lasting phenomenon (25:19) Risks associated with monetary and fiscal policy decisions taken during COVID (27:11) Abby's take on the potential end of globalization (31:37) The problem with current methods for measuring productivity (36:22) The increasing role of the Federal Reserve in stabilizing the world financial system (38:21) The anticipated evolution of the energy sector over the next few decades (42:14) Abby's single biggest worry (45:44) What keeps Abby optimistic about the future (47:17) Abby's book recommendations (48:54) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode:   Madeleine Albright's Book | Fascism: A Warning Fiona Hill's Book | There Is Nothing For You Here: Finding Opportunity in the Twenty-First Century Amor Towles' Book | The Lincoln Highway: A Novel   Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Welcome back to Season 7!   From the move to Manhattanville to the new curriculum for the value investing program at The Heilbrunn Center, there have been many changes since we wrapped our last season at the end of 2021.   Outside of that, a lot has happened in the markets. We've seen significant drawdowns in some growth stocks, conversations are centered around inflation and stagflation, and the geopolitical situation is bleak after the atrocious Russian invasion of Ukraine.   For our upcoming episodes, we're exploring different aspects of how to navigate these difficult times. Joining us today to discuss the international dimension of investing in this situation is our guest, Allison Fisch.   Allison is Principal and Portfolio Manager at one of the great names in value, Pzena Investment Management. Pzena was founded in 1995 by Richard Pzena as a value-oriented investment management company and now has more than $50 billion of assets under management. Allison joined Pzena in 2001 after starting her career as a business analyst at McKinsey & Company. She earned a B.A. summa cum laude in Psychology and a minor in Drama from Dartmouth College where she was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa and Psi Chi national honor societies.   In this episode, Allison and I discuss how starting in management consulting created a great foundation for her investing career, how she developed her investing philosophy, why she's excited about opportunities for value in emerging markets, her approach to idea sourcing, risk management, and portfolio construction in emerging markets, and so much more!   Key Topics:   Welcome Allison to the show (1:27) Where Allison's interest in investment management started (2:46) The skills that often make management consultants great portfolio managers (4:01) Managing the transition from McKinsey to asset management (6:21) Being a generalist versus a specialist (8:39) How Allison developed her investment philosophy (11:27) Allison's journey from analyst to co-portfolio manager at Pzena (12:55) Pzena's idea sourcing strategy (15:52) Getting to the underlying value of businesses across geographies (17:39) Portfolio construction in emerging markets (21:49) Why value works better in emerging markets (27:27) How Allison thinks about policy and currency risk in emerging markets (30:52) Managing geopolitical risks in times of crisis (34:25) How to approach reentry into historically unstable markets (38:47) Integrating ESG into your investment philosophy (41:24) Huge opportunities for value investors (44:15) What Allison is reading right now (46:17) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode:   Pzena Investment Management   Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Our guest this week is Michael Mauboussin. Michael is the head of consilient research at Counterpoint Global. Before joining Counterpoint Global in January 2020, Michael was director of research at BlueMountain Capital Management and prior to that held research leadership roles at Credit Suisse and Legg Mason Capital Management. Michael is the author of three books including The Success Equation: Untangling Skill and Luck in Business, Sports, and Investing and is also coauthor with Alfred Rappaport of Expectations Investing: Reading Stock Prices for Better Returns. He has been an adjunct professor of finance at Columbia Business School since 1993 and is on the faculty of the Heilbrunn Center for Graham & Dodd Investing. Michael is also chairman emeritus of the board of trustees of the Santa Fe Institute. He received his bachelor's degree from Georgetown University.BackgroundBioThe Success Equation: Untangling Skill and Luck in Business, Sports, and Investing, by Michael MauboussinExpectations Investing: Reading Stock Prices for Better Returns, by Michael Mauboussin and Alfred RappaportMore Than You Know: Finding Financial Wisdom in Unconventional Places, by Michael MauboussinConsilienceConsilience: The Unity of Knowledge, by Edward O. Wilson“Charlie Munger's System of Mental Models: How to Think Your Way to Success,” by Andrew McVagh, mymentalmodels.info.com, Aug. 7, 2018.“Increasing Returns and the New World of Business,” by W. Brian Arthur, harvardbusinessreview.com, July-August 1996.Santa Fe Institute“Why Foxes Make Better Decisions Than Hedgehogs,” by Kevin Sookocheff, sookocheff.com, July 15, 2021.Jonathan Baron, Professor, University of PennsylvaniaActive Fund Success“Turn and Face the Strange: Overcoming Barriers to Change in Sports and Investing,” by Michael Mauboussin and Dan Callahan, morganstanley.com, Sept. 8, 2021.“Dispersion and Alpha Conversion: How Dispersion Creates the Opportunity to Express Skill,” by Michael Mauboussin and Dan Callahan, morganstanley.com, April 14, 2020.Fundamental Law of Active Management“The ‘Paradox of Skill' Adds to Active Management Woes,” by Christine Idzelis, institutionalinvestor.com, Sept. 17, 2020.Triumph and Tragedy in Mudville: A Lifelong Passion for Baseball, by Stephen Jay Gould“Looking for Easy Games in Bonds,” by Michael Mauboussin, bluemountaincapital.com, April 16, 2019.“Do Individual Day Traders Make Money? Evidence From Taiwan,” by Brad Barber, Yi-Tsung Lee, Yu-Jane Liu, and Terrance Odean, Berkeley.edu, May 2004.Expectations InvestingCreating Shareholder Value: A Guide for Managers and Investors, by Alfred Rappaport“Market-Expected Return on Investment: Bridging Accounting and Valuation,” by Michael Mauboussin and Dan Callahan, morganstanely.com, April 14, 2021.Security Analysis course taught by Michael Mauboussin at Columbia Business School“The Math of Value and Growth: Growth, Return on Capital, and the Discount Rate,” by Michael Mauboussin and Dan Callahan, morganstanely.com, June 9, 2020.“Public to Private Equity in the United States: A Long-Term Look,” by Michael Mauboussin and Dan Callahan, morganstanley.com, Aug. 4, 2020.“How the Parting of Two Market Forces Helped Spur the Equity Rally,” by Michael Mauboussin, ft.com, Feb. 8, 2021.Business Quality and Capital Allocation“Thoughts on Cost of Capital and Buffet's $1 Test--Part 1,” by John Huber, sabercapitalmgt.com, Oct. 30, 2017.“Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)--Michael Mauboussin on Investment Concepts,” anthenarium.com.“Michael Mauboussin on Capital Allocation and Value Creation,” anthenarium.com, Nov. 29, 2019.“Chancellor: Tech Growth Comes at Irrational Price,” by Edward Chancellor, reuters.com, Sept. 9, 2021.“Categorizing for Clarity: Cash Flow Statement Adjustments to Improve Insight,” by Michael Mauboussin and Dan Callahan, morganstanley.com, Oct. 6, 2021.Other and Recommended ReadingAswath Damodaran, Professor of Finance, Stern School of BusinessThe Psychology of Money: Timeless Lessons on Wealth, Greed, and Happiness, by Morgan HouselThe Warren Buffett Way, by Robert HagstromWarren Buffett: Inside the Ultimate Money Mind, by Robert HagstromRicher, Wiser, Happier: How the World's Greatest Inventors Win in Markets and Life, by William Green

Saurabh Madaan, Managing Member of Manveen Asset Management, and Michael Mauboussin, Head of Consilient Research at Counterpoint Global, Morgan Stanley Investment Management, joined members for a fireside chat at Latticework on December 15, 2021. Saurabh and Michael explored the topic, “Expectations Investing as Applied to Growth Businesses”. Michael is co-author with Al Rappaport of the revised and updated edition of Expectations Investing: Reading Stock Prices for Better Returns.   The primary purpose of this podcast is to educate and inform. The views, information, or opinions expressed by hosts or guests are their own. Neither this show, nor any of its content should be construed as investment advice or as a recommendation to buy or sell any particular security. Security specific information shared on this podcast should not be relied upon as a basis for your own investment decisions -- be sure to do your own research. The podcast hosts and participants may have a position in the securities mentioned, personally, through sub accounts and/or through separate funds and may change their holdings at any time.   About the session host: Saurabh Madaan serves as Managing Member of Manveen Asset Management, based in Glen Allen, Virginia. Prior to founding Manveen Asset Management, Saurabh was a Managing Director and Deputy Chief Investment Officer at Markel Corporation (NYSE: MKL), where he worked closely with Markel's Co-Chief Executive Officer Tom Gayner. Saurabh also spent more than seven years at Google in various roles, including Senior Data Scientist, Engineering. Saurabh holds an MS degree in Engineering from the University of Pennsylvania. About the featured guest: Michael J. Mauboussin is Head of Consilient Research at Counterpoint Global. Prior to joining Counterpoint Global in January 2020, he was Director of Research at BlueMountain Capital Management in New York. Before joining BlueMountain, he was a Managing Director and Head of Global Financial Strategies at Credit Suisse. Before rejoining Credit Suisse, he was Chief Investment Strategist at Legg Mason Capital Management from 2004-2012. Michael joined Credit Suisse in 1992 as a packaged food industry analyst and was named Chief U.S. Investment Strategist in 1999. Michael is the author of three books, including The Success Equation: Untangling Skill and Luck in Business, Sports, and Investing and is also co-author, with Alfred Rappaport, of Expectations Investing: Reading Stock Prices for Better Returns. Michael has been an adjunct professor of finance at Columbia Business School since 1993 and is on the faculty of the Heilbrunn Center for Graham and Dodd Investing. He earned an A.B. from Georgetown University.

Time arbitrage is one of the biggest behavioral advantages an investor can have.   Joining us today to talk about what it means to be an engaged, long-term shareholder is Munib Islam. Munib is someone who has experienced investing from many different angles, from a traditional long-short hedge fund to sitting on corporate boards and seeing the process of approving corporate performance from the inside.   Munib Islam is the Founder and Managing Partner of LTS One Management, an investment partnership created earlier this year with funding from Jorge Paulo Lemann, Marcel Telles, and Carlos Alberto Sicupira. Before starting LTS One, Munib was a longtime partner and briefly Co-Chief Investment Officer of Third Point, a New York-based hedge fund with over $15 billion of assets under management. Before joining Third Point, Munib worked as an associate at Oak Hill Capital and Lazard. He received a BA in Economics magna cum laude from Dartmouth College and an MBA from the Graduate School of Business at Stanford University.   In this episode, Munib, Tano, and Micheal discuss Munib's introduction to a career investing, similarities and differences between working in private equity and public markets, why Munib was excited to bring capital to European markets, the value of cognitive diversity, Munib's investment philosophy, the challenges of activism, and so much more!   Key Topics:   How Munib was initially drawn into the world of investing (3:06) Munib's early career in the investing world (4:32) Where Munib developed his investing foundation (6:27) Learning about the experiential aspects of an investing career (7:27) The overlap at the analyst level for private equity and public markets (8:58) Key differences between working in private equity and public markets (10:27) Munib's journey from analyst to co-portfolio manager at Third Point (12:48) Why Munib was well-positioned to find opportunities in the European markets (14:39) Challenges of attracting investment in Europe in the wake of the financial crisis (15:47) The main goals behind the founding of LTS One (18:31) Firms with risk-management DNA versus stock-picking DNA (21:00) Developing a robust risk management approach (22:24) Munib's evolving approach to hiring (23:58) Focusing on capital allocation improvement with a soft twist of operational improvement (26:42) What investors can learn from academia (28:07) Munib's investing philosophy (31:33) Finding ideas where you can change a company's trajectory (33:30) The actionability aspect of activism (36:05) The value of time arbitrage (39:19) Crucial elements for successful long-term orientation (43:36) The benefit of highly concentrated activist strategy (46:22) Why Munib looks for good businesses with questionable leadership (48:26) What operational excellence looks like (50:27) Common pitfalls in capital allocation (51:37) Munib's approach to portfolio optimization (53:43) How Third Point identified Baxter as a good investment opportunity (55:56) Third Point's strategy for Baxter (58:11) Munib's biggest lessons from his first board experience at Baxter (1:00:58) Highlights from Third Point's investments in Sony (1:02:50) LTS One's investment in Cellnex Telecom (1:05:50) Why it's an exciting time to invest in International Flavors & Fragrances (1:10:43) Munib's worries about the current market environment (1:11:09) Munib's current focus (1:12:36) Why Munib believes in reading widely across disciplines (1:13:25) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode:   Robert Hagstrom's Book | Investing: The Last Liberal Art The Nomad Investment Partnership Letters To Partners Daniel Coyle's Book | The Culture Code: The Secrets of Highly Successful Groups     Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Activist investing is the new frontier for value investors, allowing them to be the agents of their own returns.   Today we're continuing our examination of the activist style of investing by exploring the intersection of two important trends in the money management industry: activism and environmental, social, and governance investing.   Impactive Capital's Lauren Taylor Wolfe joins us to share her perspective and Impactive's unique approach to creatively incorporating environmental, social and governance (ESG) into activism.   Lauren is co-founder and Managing Partner of Impactive Capital, an activist investment management firm that currently has more than 1.5 billion in assets under management.  Prior to founding Impactive, she spent 10 years at Blue Harbour Group where she was a Managing Director and Investing Partner. Lauren earned her M.B.A. from The Wharton School at University of Pennsylvania and a B.S. magna cum laude from Cornell University.    In this episode, Lauren, Michael and I discuss her non-linear journey to investing, what she learned from working in different industries, how she became interested in activist investing, what Impactive is doing to improve diversity in the industry, and so much more!   Key Topics:   Lauren's first business endeavors (2:05) Lauren's work experiences after graduation (3:13) Why Lauren was drawn to value investing early in her career (6:16) How TurboChef raised Lauren's interest in activist investing (8:57) Why many executives struggle with capital allocation (11:49) Impactive's focus on business quality and time horizon (14:13) The evolution of activist investing (16:25) Impactive's approach to working with management (18:21) Idea screening and ESG considerations (20:33) How Impactive values businesses (21:24) Thinking about business resilience (25:13) Portfolio construction and sizing (26:40) Lauren's thoughts on luck and skill (30:22) Creating a diverse workforce in investment management and our support industries (32:08) Impactive's approach to idea sourcing and prioritization (34:30) HD Supply's business background (37:39) HD Supply's move from Home Depot to private equity and back (40:49) KBR's transformation into a high quality business (46:16) The opportunities Impactive identified with KBR (49:30) Lauren's perspective on meme stocks and SPACs  (52:41) Opportunities and risks on the horizon (54:47) Books that Lauren is reading (57:01) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode:   Impactive Capital William Thorndike's Book | The Outsiders: Eight Unconventional CEOs and Their Radically Rational Blueprint for Success Robert G. Kirby's Article | The Coffee Can Portfolio Annie Duke's Book | How to Decide: Simple Tools for Making Better Choices Scott Page's Book | The Diversity Bonus: How Great Teams Pay Off in the Knowledge Economy Scott Page's Book | The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools, and Societies Bill Gates' Book | How to Avoid a Climate Disaster: The Solutions We Have and the Breakthroughs We Need Kazuo Ishiguro's Book | Klara and the Sun Ted Koppel's Book | Lights Out: A Cyberattack, A Nation Unprepared, Surviving the Aftermath   Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

In a world of plentiful capital and compressed yields, activism and being the agent of one's returns is a way forward.   Transformational activism in particular is centered around a deep commitment and trusting relationship between the investor and the company. This multi-dimensional approach forgoes short-term solutions like financial engineering and instead focuses on working with great leaders to put together the right people, resources, and strategies for long-term results.   Few firms exemplify the value creation associated with shareholder engagement and activism better than ValueAct and today I'm joined by Mason Morfit, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer of ValueAct Capital.   Mason Morfit is a Partner, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer of ValueAct Capital, a governance-oriented investment fund with over $14 billion in assets under management. ValueAct has a very highly concentrated portfolio and one of its partners has served on the Boards of Directors of 44 public companies over the life of this great activist fund. Mason himself has served as a director of Microsoft Corporation, Valeant, Bard, Immucor, and many other companies.   In this episode, Mason and I discuss why he became interested in the psychological aspect of economics, how the activist investor landscape has shifted, the difference between transactional and transformational activism, the value of a learn-teach relationship, and so much more!   Key Topics:   The advantages of Mason's experience growing up as an outsider (2:30) What drew Mason to studying economics and psychology (3:48) Working in the health care group at Credit Suisse First Boston in the late 90s (5:37) Mason's introduction to activist investing (7:24) Activist investing in the time of the imperial CEO (9:42) How corporate scandals and Sarbanes-Oxley changed the landscape for ValueAct (10:44) 20 years of network and relationship building (12:54) The immense value of documentation and knowledge sharing (13:50) Defending against self-attribution bias (15:24) The inherent problems with a public company board (17:48) ValueAct's role in mitigating against bureaucratic biases (18:24) Integrating the work of board committees (19:37) Psychological paradigms that emerge based on corporate history (22:18) Shifting paradigms that no longer work (24:14) Differentiating between transactional and transformational activism (28:15) Finding opportunities in interesting times (30:36) ValueAct's mission (31:38) The key ingredients of ValueAct's successes (34:37) Creating a learn-teach relationship (35:46) How the learn-teach relationship helps with organizational diagnosis (37:44) Creating an environment that empowers truth (39:38) The changing Japanese corporate governance landscape (41:25) Olympus as a case study of ValueAct's expansion into Japan (43:31) ValueAct's unique approach to investing in the Japanese market (47:45) Why activism today is more relevant than ever before (49:53) Shifting opportunities for an activist investor (51:51) Creating 21st century global champions (54:04) The disproportionate reward of disruptors at the expense of incumbents (55:27) Mason's book recommendations (57:14) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode:   ValueAct Capital John Irving's Book | The World According to Garp Kazuo Ishiguro's Book | The Remains of the Day Sir Lawrence Freedman's Book | Strategy: A History   Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Not satisfied with the lack of value most student-run investment clubs offered to students, Tom Russo designed a better way.   Through the 5x5x5 Russo Student Investment Fund, he set out to prove the teaching value of a long-term fund rather than the conventional short-term activity that the existing systems favored.   Each year, students submit their ideas for new investments with five ideas ultimately being selected and held in their entirety for five years. At the end of those five years, the inflation-adjusted original amount is invested back into the fund and any other gains are used to support scholarships for traditionally under-represented members of the class.   Today I'm joined by Tom Russo himself to discuss this year's picks for the 5x5x5 fund with three of the students who pitched them. I continue to be impressed with the sophistication of the insights made by the students and the professional discussions that arise for each pitch.   In this episode, Tom, Rainbow, Andreas, Ryan, and I discuss why they were initially attracted to the companies they pitched, the competitive advantages and under-appreciated opportunities that exist, key factors that appealed to each of them for their selected companies, and so much more!   Key Topics:   The problem with most student-run investment clubs (1:18) How the 5x5x5 Russo Student Investment Fund started (2:22) Goals of the program (4:04) Performance of the Fund's international holdings (7:01) How personal experience drew Rainbow's interest in Atlassian (9:45) Atlassian's self-reinforcing competitive advantage (10:45) What makes Atlassian an extraordinary investment (12:10) Managing the risk of industry consolidation (15:59) Rainbow's initial research focus on Atlassian partners (18:05) Understanding the magnitude of investment and return on investment (19:32) The types of companies we like to invest in (22:54) What initially attracted Andreas to Vestas Wind Systems (24:36) Key facts about Vestas (25:39) The main elements that make Vestas an attractive investment (27:41) How Vestas' margins are impacted by the effects of Wright's Law (30:54) Why Andreas isn't concerned about the intermittent nature of wind power (33:06) Mitigating the core risks associated with Vestas (35:03) Understanding the real return on capital committed (36:47) Why Ryan became interested in Gruma (39:49) Key facts about Gruma (40:34) The investment opportunity Ryan sees in Gruma (43:44) Ryan's confidence in the founding family and management (47:01) The value of the Gruma brand and steady leadership (48:34) Underappreciated insights into Gruma (50:36) How Gruma handles distribution (53:40) Ryan's assessment of Gruma's Europe business (55:01) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode:   5x5x5 Student Investment Fund Rainbow Chik's Write-Up of Atlassian Andreas Helland's Write-Up of Vestas Wind Systems Ryan Albert's Write-Up of Gruma, S.A.B. de C.V.   Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

A year and a half into the pandemic, a lot has changed in the investment landscape.   Individual investors have been empowered, economies reacted in unpredictable ways, and we still have no clear idea of what is to come. At the same time, when we take a retrospective look, we can find parallels between the trends, behaviors, and reactions of today and events in the past. Today we're joined by one of the great conversationalists in the community, Chris Davis, to share his perspective on investing in a time of COVID and his outlook for the future.   Chris Davis is the Chairman of Davis Advisors, where he oversees approximately $30 billion of client assets for both individuals and institutions worldwide. Chris joined Davis Advisors in 1989 as a financial analyst and has been a portfolio manager of the firm's flagship fund, the Davis New York Venture Fund since 1995. That fund has a very long history, having been founded more than a half-century ago. An investment of $10,000 at the fund's inception would be worth $3.6 million as of June 30, 2021, versus 1.9 million for the S&P 500. Chris studied Moral Philosophy and Practical Theology at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland and is on the board of directors at the Coca Cola Company and Graham Holdings.   In this episode, Chris, Tano, and I discuss how the pandemic compares to past crises, Davis Advisors' approach to triage as we entered the pandemic, why the banking industry offers more certainty to investors than other financials, the impact of low interest rates, the advantages US companies hold have over European companies, and so much more!   Key Topics:   The two types of crises Chris has seen over his career (1:53) COVID in the context of past crises (3:48) Davis Advisors' approach to analyzing the long-term impact of COVID (7:48) How Davis assessed key companies and industries as we entered the pandemic (9:38) Structural changes in the banking industry in the past decade (13:39) Why investments in banking come with a higher degree of certainty (15:18) The inherent uncertainty associated with insurers (17:21) Long-term dangers of the aggressive consumer bailout (19:36) How Chris saw history repeating itself in the past year (21:30) The biggest change in market structure (23:13) What active managers need to understand about dispersion (26:05) Factors that feed dispersion between Europe and the US (30:10) How Chris views his European investments (33:31) Two components of valuing a business (37:04) Amazon as a modern-day Standard Oil (39:14) Why successor CEOs should focus on preservation and protection (43:04) The impact of low interest rates (46:24) How banks have performed in the face of a significant headwind (49:03) The high adaptability shown by banks (50:36) Key differences between US and international banks (53:11) The numerous disruptors that the banking system has absorbed (56:16) How inertia and regulation protect banks from disruption (58:41) Chris' thoughts on the growth of the payments industry (1:00:27) Viewing Bitcoin as a digital version of gold (1:04:29) Why Chris' opinion on Bitcoin has shifted (1:07:35) Chris' big takeaway from 2020/2021 (1:10:08) The impact of China becoming the largest consumer economy (1:11:15) Why state and federal government finances keep Chris up at night (1:13:16) Chris' top book recommendations (1:15:10) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode:   Davis Advisors Davis New York Venture Fund Walter Isaacson's Book | The Code Breaker: Jennifer Doudna, Gene Editing, and the Future of the Human Race Morgan Housel's Book | The Psychology of Money John Tierney & Roy F. Baumeister's Book | The Power of Bad: How the Negativity Effect Rules Us and How We Can Rule It Benjamin Labatut's Book | When We Cease to Understand the World   Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Since our first podcast in the spring of 2019, we've built a wonderful audience around the world, and now have a terrific collection of interviews with remarkable investors.   I have loved the opportunity to host these interviews myself but from the very beginning, I felt that you would benefit from having another voice to challenge the guests and bring a different point of view to the podcast. That time has finally come.   As we start this new season, I couldn't think of a better person to join me as co-host than Michael Mauboussin, Head of Consilient Research at Counterpoint Global. Michael is a colleague, a friend, and someone I admire enormously for his passion and ability to match academic research with the practical considerations of investing.   On our first episode together we're delighted to welcome Chase Sheridan and Will Pan of one of the great names in value investing, Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb.    Chase Sheridan joined Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb in June 2006 upon his graduation from Columbia Business School. Prior to attending Columbia, Chase was a senior vice president at Citadel Investment Group, a hedge fund based in Chicago and a partner at Q.E.D. Capital, an arbitrage firm based in Chicago. After interning with the firm in 2009, Will Pan was set on a career path with Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb. He joined the firm in 2010 after graduating from Harvard College.    On this episode, Chase, Will, Michael, and I discuss Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb's history and connection to Warren Buffett, why the Hyperion found was started, the team dynamic between Chase and Will as co-managers of the fund, their approach to idea sourcing and portfolio construction, and so much more!   Key Topics:   The history of Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb (RCG) (3:40) Chase's unusual path to RCG (6:37) How Chase became interested in value investing (8:36) Will's journey to RCG (10:18) The core of the RCG investment approach (13:52) Hyperion's maniacal focus on the intrinsic earnings power of a business (15:59) The relationship between RCG and Hyperion (17:26) The main difference between Hyperion and Sequoia (18:15) Why the RCG team considers themselves analysts first (19:45) The founding of Hyperion (21:30) Chase and Will's co-manager dynamic (23:18) Benefits of team management of a fund (25:30) Analyzing your trade ledger and thesis memos (26:52) RCG's writing and research culture (28:25) Hyperion's ideal investment characteristics (30:31) Idea sourcing at Hyperion (32:36) How Hyperion tackles due diligence (35:04) Focusing on intrinsic earnings power (38:56) The art of portfolio construction (41:46) Running scenarios on potential investments (44:05) The problem with portfolio managers emulating their idols (45:11) Understanding roll-ups (47:15) Why the vertical software industry is well-suited to consolidation (49:27) Where Constellation Software focuses on making their return (51:59) Constellation Software's framework for defensive acquisitions (54:15) What you need to know about Constellation Software (56:49) Mark Leonard's unique approach to acquisitions (58:53) An overview of Eurofins (1:01:17) Why consolidation makes sense for the testing industry (1:03:13) Gilles Martin's playbook for acquisitions (1:04:15) Why Hyperion became interested in Eurofins (1:07:42) The advantages of Eurofins having a founder CEO (1:08:56) The importance of leverage to Eurofins' growth (1:10:24) Will's recommended reading (1:12:43) What noise means for investors (1:14:14) Chase's recommended reading (1:15:15) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode:   Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Constellation Software Eurofins Scientific Daniel Kahneman, Olivier Sibony & Cass R. Sunstein's Book | Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment Steve Brusatte's Book | The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs: A New History of a Lost World Walter Isaacson's Book | The Code Breaker: Jennifer Doudna, Gene Editing, and the Future of the Human Race Jeff Hawkins' Book | A Thousand Brains: A New Theory of Intelligence Edgar Wachenheim's Book | Common Stocks and Common Sense: The Strategies, Analyses, Decisions, and Emotions of a Particularly Successful Value Investor Jordan Ellenberg's Book | How Not to Be Wrong: The Power of Mathematical Thinking Chip Heath & Dan Heath's Book | Switch: How to Change Things When Change Is Hard Jeff Bezos' Book | Invent and Wander: The Collected Writings of Jeff Bezos Mark Leonard's President Letters David Sklansky's Book | Getting the Best of It Bryce Carlson's Book | Blackjack for Blood: The Card-Counters' Bible and Complete Winning Guide Ralph Vince's Book | The Mathematics of Money Management: Risk Analysis Techniques for Traders   Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Listeners of this podcast will know that I believe one of the most dynamic areas of investing is that of activism. In the true spirit of value investing, there’s a crop of activist investors who are now embracing their role in engaging management in various ways, whether to improve operational performance, address governance issues, or simply to encourage better capital allocation and distribution policies.   Today we’re exploring this topic further with Anne-Sophie d’Andlau. Anne-Sophie co-founded CIAM with her partner, Catherine Berjal, in 2010. Since then they have led several groundbreaking activist campaigns in Europe, capturing the attention of the financial press everywhere.   Anne-Sophie is a Partner and Deputy CEO at CIAM and she is responsible for the fund’s strategy and development. CIAM, which stands for Charity Investment Asset Management, donates 25% of its annual performance fees to charities dedicated to improving children's health and education across the world. Before founding CIAM, Anne-Sophie worked at Systeia Capital Management from 2001 to 2008, first as Head of Research for the Event Driven and M&A strategies, then taking on a portfolio management role from 2003 to 2008.   On this episode, Anne-Sophie and I talk about how she started her career in finance, how CIAM evolved into active investment, why Europe is well-suited for a new wave of activist investors, CIAM’s approach to idea sourcing, analysis, and risk management, what Anne-Sophie hopes to see for the future of activism in Europe, and so much more!   Key Topics: The story of the first activist investor, Ben Graham (1:45) Introducing Anne-Sophie (4:24) How Anne-Sophie’s interest in finance led to a front-row seat to late 90s IPOs (5:43) Participating in the launch of the first hedge fund in France (7:05) Why CIAM evolved into activism (9:50) Factors driving the new wave of activism in Europe (11:28) Moving away from the negative connotation of activism (13:21) The lack of recognition of activism as an asset class in Europe (15:23) Anne-Sophie’s hope for change in the mindset of European institutional investors (17:09) CIAM’s approach to consulting with management and shareholders (19:08) Understanding why there’s so much room for activism in Europe (21:01) Similarities and differences between European markets (22:00) Why CIAM chose the countries they operate within (23:32) The benefits of a UK office (25:13) CIAM’s decision against actively investing in Italy (26:39) CIAM’s method of idea sourcing (27:41) Examining Euro Disney as a case study of what good activism can do (28:38) Initial problems identified by CIAM at Euro Disney (31:51) CIAM’s campaigns as minority shareholders at Euro Disney (33:31) CIAM’s approach to information collection (35:46) The non-activist side of CIAM (36:56) How CIAM balances internal skillsets with outside advice and experts (38:28) Why AGM season is a key moment for activist investors (40:46) Investor relationships with proxy advisors in Europe (41:43) CIAM’s risk management strategy (42:38) Looking to the future of activism in Europe (45:01) How activism creates positive change (47:11) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode: CIAM   Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

One of our goals with this podcast is to get to know new markets, new situations, and new investors who bring dynamism to all markets. A great example of this is the new generation of activist investors in Europe. Students of mine have heard me say for some time that Europe has been ripe for activism. I believe that with structural changes in European capital markets, combined with the state of global markets, a new wave of activism is happening and will be quite transformative. My guests today, Florian Schuhbauer and Klaus Roehrig of Active Ownership Corporation (AOC), are one of the most exciting names in the current European activist scene. They have been making headlines with groundbreaking campaigns and change they are bringing to European Capital Markets. AOC has built a remarkable record over the last five years, beating the Europe ex UK Small Cap benchmark by a factor of almost three since inception. AOC is an independent, partner-managed investment company acquiring significant minority stakes in publicly listed, undervalued small- and mid-size companies in German-speaking countries and Scandinavia. AOC follows an active ownership approach and fosters value creation through operational, strategic, and structural improvements. Florian Schuhbauer is a founding partner of AOC and has more than 20 years of relevant experience. Prior to establishing AOC, Florian was a Partner at Triton Partners where he built up the Public Equity practice. Klaus Roehrig is also a founding partner of AOC and has more than 20 years of relevant investing experience. Before founding AOC, he was at Elliott Associates, responsible for the funds’ investments in the German-speaking countries. On this episode, Florian, Klaus, and I discuss their early careers and the unusual paths they took before founding AOC, the mentorship they received along the way, the key pillars of their investment strategy, AOC’s holistic, team approach to their companies, how they manage liquidity differently from other firms, and so much more! Key Topics: Florian’s early career in banking (3:46) Learning experiences from Florian’s SaaS startup (4:24) How Florian found himself in a 9 to 5 position he didn’t want (5:45) Why Florian made the move to private equity (7:17) Applying a private equity value creation model to public equity (8:32) Klaus’ early interest in business and business builders (10:14) The accidental advertising agency (11:03) How Klaus became interested in investment banking (12:44) Why Klaus developed a focus on risk early in his career (14:25) Klaus’ move to the hedge fund industry (16:08) Mentorship from great investors at Elliott Management Corporation (18:26) Florian and Klaus’ decision to start AOC (20:42) The two pillars of AOC’s investment strategy (22:10) Using an activist approach as a tactic rather than their strategy (23:44) The huge agency issue caused by a lack of active owners (25:33) How an underdeveloped shareholder culture created opportunities for AOC (27:18) Working with management teams for investment ideas (30:23) Idea sourcing from AOC’s library of investment cases (32:01) The types of companies AOC considers for investing (33:12) Building a broad knowledge base as a generalist (34:54) Why AOC values a team approach with their companies (37:34) Union and employee representation on the board (39:34) AOC’s holistic approach to their investments (42:27) How AOC became interested in STADA (43:37) Why board seats were crucial for AOC’s strategy for STADA (48:13) The proxy fight that erupted from a broken contract with STADA (50:04) Internal issues between STRADA’s board members (51:24) Bringing the supervisory board and shareholders into alignment (53:31) Starting from scratch with STADA’s board (55:41) Breaking new ground as dissident shareholders in Germany (57:17) Taking STADA private within 18 months (1:00:39) AOC’s unique approach to liquidity (1:03:45) Managing liquidity on the asset side (1:07:50) Time arbitrage opportunities with locked-up capital (1:08:30) Florian’s perspective on the next five years for AOC (1:11:23) Klaus’ view on the next five years for AOC (1:14:58) Opportunities for activism in Europe (1:16:29) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode: Active Ownership Corporation Value Investing with Legends | Jan Hummel – The Rare Advantage of Real-World Experience   Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

The value investing in legends class is one of the highlights of the Heilbrunn year. It’s filled with special moments, including the annual visit from our guest today, Elizabeth Lilly. Beth embodies the principles and practices of value investing like very few people do. She makes investing look easy and her lecture always captures the pure essence of value investing. Elizabeth Lilly is Chief Investment Officer and Executive Vice President for The Pohlad Companies, LLC where she oversees the public and private investments for the Pohlad family. Beth began her career with Goldman Sachs in 1985 and shortly after moved to Greenwich, Connecticut to work as an analyst in Fund American Companies in 1988. In 1997, she co-founded Woodland Partners in Minneapolis which focused on investing in small capitalization equities. In 2002, Woodland Partners was acquired by GAMCO Investors where she went on to serve as a Senior Vice President and Portfolio Manager of the $1.4 billion Teton Westwood Mighty Mites Fund and as a member of the value portfolio management team. In 2017, Beth founded Crocus Hill Partners to focus on investments in small and micro capitalization equities but a year later she left to join the investment arm of the Pohlad family in an opportunity that was impossible to pass on. Beth is a graduate of Hobart/William Smith College and a dear friend of the Heilbrunn Center.  On this episode, Elizabeth and I discuss how her passion for investing was ignited from in childhood, the many value investing legends she has had the opportunity to learn from during her career, how she founded her firm before ultimately landing her dream job at Pohland Companies, her approaches to idea sourcing and risk management, and so much more!   Key Topics: How Beth’s mother and grandparents shaped her passion for investing (3:29) Why Beth attributes her research job at Goldman to pure luck (5:21) Leaving Goldman Sachs (7:58) The legendary Bob Rose (9:40) The first turning point in Beth’s career (11:16) Beth’s phenomenal experience at Fund American (12:54) Talking investing with Warren Buffett (14:22) The fundamentals of investing (16:12) Why Beth has a notebook on her at all times (17:38) The key elements of a good value investing firm (19:03) Beth’s focus on small-cap stocks (20:29) Beth’s introduction to Mario Gabelli (21:06) How a value trap is created (22:44) Why the management team is the best protection from a value trap (23:21) Getting comfortable with the artistic side of investing (25:33) Preparing to ask insightful questions (27:23) Talking to management as a shareholder (29:37) The benefit of constructive activism (31:51) Crocs as a case study of a compounder (33:19) Beth’s approach to valuation (35:06) Sourcing ideas with curiosity (36:28) Building up a valuable database (38:04) The seamless transition after being acquired by GAMCO (39:10) How Beth’s career at GAMCO increased her interest in the microcap space (40:35) Beth’s experience managing the Teton Westwood Mighty Mites Fund (42:01) Founding Crocus Hill partners in 2017 (44:47) Beth’s connection to the Pohlad family (45:56) Taking the dream job at Pohlad (47:29) The similarities between investing in public and private markets (49:25) Why Beth is eager to pass on the training she received (52:22) How the pandemic has shifted Beth’s thinking on businesses (53:54) Applying value investing principles to non-traditional value companies (56:27) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode: Pohlad Investment Management, LLC Benjamin Graham’s Book | The Intelligent Investor Howard Marks’ Memo | Something of Value   Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Any sound investment strategy must include both a tactical and a structural component. The tactical side requires close attention to the firm’s financials and prospects, while the structural side puts that analysis in the specific context of the industry as well as the economy at large. Our guest, Anna Nikolayevsky, is here today to share her approach and how her investment strategy has evolved.   Anna Nikolayevsky is the founder and Chief Investment Officer of Axel Capital Management, a fundamentally driven long/short firm investing in equities across a variety of sectors and geographies. Before founding Axel Capital in 2002, Anna was an analyst at Zweig-DiMenna Associates and Goldman Sachs Asset Management. Anna holds a BS from NYU, an MBA from Columbia Business School, and has also received multiple accolades for her investment work, including being the recipient of the Investors Choice Awards for Emerging Fund of 2015. She is a wonderful friend of the Centre and I'm incredibly thankful for all she does here for us at the Business School.   On this episode, Anna and I discuss how her humble childhood ultimately impacted her career choice, starting in the world of trading as a freshman, her rich learning opportunities early in her career, what it was like to start her firm in the early 2000s, why she decided to depart from the traditional hedge fund model, her thoughts on the future of value investing, and so much more!   Key Topics: How Anna’s childhood influenced her career (3:08) Anna’s transformative experience at Stuyvesant High School (5:17) Anna’s start in the world of trading (6:43) Why Anna decided to apply to Columbia Business School (8:14) Insights from working for Mario Gabelli (9:09) Establishing a foundation of independent thought (11:07) Learning opportunities as an analyst at Goldman Sachs (12:32) Why Anna made the move to a hedge fund (15:16) The starting point for Axel Capital Management (16:29) Axel Capital’s post-bubble success (18:38) Rethinking the traditional hedge fund model (19:48) The issues Anna identified in the housing market leading up to the global economic crisis (21:33) Finding an alternative to the housing market (23:33) How to think about your search strategy (25:19) Timing and risk management of shorts (26:47) Anna’s approach to risk management (27:56) Thinking about fiscal policy and portfolio construction (29:12) Axel Capital’s portfolio positioning during the ups and downs of the market since 2018 (30:57) The wider effect of highly available capital (33:01) How the pandemic has impacted Axel Capital’s portfolio structure (34:30) Planning your approach to structural shocks (36:45) Why Anna is comfortable with a relatively concentrated portfolio (38:46) Axel Capital’s approach to industry analysis (40:09) Decentralization away from Wall Street (41:31) The democratization of trading (43:03) My thoughts on the long-term impact of the increase in retail investors (44:03) And much more!     Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Over the last few years, the opportunities for global value investing have improved significantly. Yields are incredibly low across the board, putting pressure on improving operational performance to generate returns. In such an environment, Europe is fertile ground for the value investor. With room for operational improvement in many sectors and a robust institutional environment, it’s an ideal market to deploy your activist dollar. When I decided to bring this topic to the show, I couldn’t think of anyone better than David Marcus to have a thorough conversation. David Marcus is Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Investment Officer of Evermore Global Advisors, LLC, which he co-founded in 2009, and is also portfolio manager of the Evermore Global Value Fund. Beginning his career in 1988 at Mutual Series Fund, David was mentored by renowned value investor Michael Price and rose to manage the Mutual European Fund and co-manage the Mutual Shares and Mutual Discovery Funds, representing over $14 billion in assets. In 2000, he founded Marcstone Capital Management, LP, a long-short Europe-focused equity manager, largely funded by Swedish financier Jan Stenbeck. After Mr. Stenbeck passed away in 2002, David closed Marcstone, co-founded a family office for the Stenbeck family, and advised on the restructuring of several public and private companies the family controlled. David graduated from Northeastern University in 1988 with a B.S. in Business Administration and a concentration in Finance. On this episode, David and I discuss his structured approach to learning that he’s been committed to since starting his career, his comprehensive approach to investment analysis, why he believes there are huge opportunities in the European markets, how many people are taking the wrong approach when assessing investments in Europe, and so much more!   Key Topics: How David always knew investing would be in his future (3:51) David’s internship experience during the 1987 stock market crash (5:18) Getting a shot at a trading desk within a month of working with Michael F. Price (7:37) How David’s learned what makes a good analyst (9:24) Pivoting into European investing (11:11) Learning from the Swedish financial crisis of the early 90s (13:14) Looking beyond the CEO to the main shareholder (15:41) Leveraging your existing knowledge in new areas (16:45) When David became the head of Europe across portfolios at Franklin Mutual (19:46) David’s decision to start Marcstone Capital Management (23:36) Transitioning from stock picker to operator (26:32) Taking a private equity approach to public companies (29:43) The birth of Evermore Global Advisors (30:20) The advantage of being a generalist and a specialist (33:27) Why you must build your network (34:42) Deepening your operational understanding by engaging management (36:11) Mischaracterization of the European market (39:25) Game-changing opportunities in the European Union (EU) (41:19) What key areas David looks at in investments (42:53) The fundamental lack of knowledge about European institutions (45:37) Long-term thinking and European evolution (49:36) Understanding the local rules (51:58) Why you need to figure out peoples’ motivations (52:27) The opportunity behind deconglomeration in Europe (55:20) Good managers as an important competitive advantage (57:17) Taking advantage of room for operational improvement (59:10) Assessing the right time for the right people (1:01:04) The confluence of value and growth in Europe (1:02:22) Misconceptions about value and growth (1:05:33) Finding growth opportunities at value prices (1:06:39) Screening with numbers instead of words (1:07:55) The benefits of quarterly offsites (1:09:24) Getting clear on the reason behind investor activism (1:11:41) David’s approach to risk management (1:14:14) Why David’s view on leverage has changed (1:16:29) Checking and testing your thesis continuously (1:17:55) And much more!  Mentioned in this Episode: Evermore Global Advisors Value Investing with Legends Podcast | Leveraging Fundamentals to Remain Relevant with David Samra David Marcus’ Whitepaper | Europe: Lonely and Lumpy, Yet Extremely Compelling European Union Website Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Many of the guests that I've had on this program are people I've known for years. We approached those conversations as an opportunity to explain together to the audience their methods, philosophies, and approach. Today’s conversation with Samantha Greenberg is a bit different. Samantha is someone I’ve looked forward to meeting for some time now as she would come up constantly in conversations with other investors and I’m happy to get to know her alongside you. Samantha Greenberg is Portfolio Manager of Technology, Media & Telecom investing at Ashler Capital, a Citadel company. Before joining Ashler Capital, Samantha was Chief Investment Officer of Margate Capital Management which she founded in 2016, a partner and TMT/consumer sector head at Paulson & Co. Inc., and a vice president in the Special Situations Group of Goldman Sachs. Samantha received her MBA from Stanford University's Graduate School of Business and graduated from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania with a BS in Economics. On this episode, Samantha and I discuss how she developed an interest in the investment industry, why asset management is a particularly good field for women, how her experiences at Goldman and Paulson shaped her investment philosophy, her catalyst-driven approach, why resources are critical to scaling, the benefits of extensive data modeling, and so much more!   Key Topics: Samantha’s early discovery and passion for the markets (3:26) How Samantha’s interest in investing continued throughout her school years (4:28) The experience that drove Samantha’s passion for entrepreneurship (5:52) How Samantha’s experience as an internet and media analyst shaped her passion for tech (7:58) Formative experiences from successive market crises in Samantha’s early career (9:24) Learning true process diligence (11:52) Critical lessons about catalysts from John Paulson (14:19) Samantha’s experiences at Goldman Sachs and Paulson & Co. in the late 2000s (15:59) Why asset management is a great industry for women, despite the current demographics (19:26) Comcast as a powerful example of asymmetry from Samantha’s time at Paulson (22:55) The importance of steady-state valuations (26:28) The decision to start Margate Capital (27:58) Margate Capital’s investment philosophy (29:47) Samantha’s perspective on idea generation (32:07) How access to resources acts as a major barrier to entry for hedge funds (33:27) Understanding the rationale behind mispricing (35:58) Why a catalytic event is crucial for Samantha (37:24) Making decisions about portfolio sizing (38:19) Hedging market exposure (40:25) Shock testing your portfolio (43:20) A case study on value-unlocking catalysts with the Madison Square Garden Company (45:12) The leisure industry is one to watch for the future (50:46) Why Samantha left Margate Capital for Ashler Capital (52:24) How regulatory risk impacts the future of investments in the technology industry (55:47) The current tech trends Samantha is keeping an eye on (58:48) And much more!  Mentioned in this Episode: Ashler Capital Value Investing with Legends | Season 4, Episode 2 - Richard Lawrence - Investing in Superior Businesses  Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

There are several great investors out there who are effectively offering free lessons through their positions, letters, and interviews. What’s surprising is that while many people listen to them, hardly anyone puts those lessons into practice. Today’s guest, Mohnish Pabrai, is not one to miss such opportunities and he attributes much of his success to his hunger to learn, improve, and adjust. Mohnish is an author and the Founder and CEO of Pabrai Investment Fund, which he started in 1999 at the peak of the tech bubble. In 1983 he moved to the United States from India, to study computer engineering at South Carolina's Clemson University. After working in research and development, Mohnish launched his own successful IT consulting firm, TransTech, in 1991. One of the most original investors out there, Mohnish arrived relatively late in his professional career to the world of investing but he has made such an impact ever since. Through Pabrai Investments, Mohnish has built one of those records that is the stuff of legends. On this episode, Mohnish and I discuss how his early years alongside his entrepreneurial father have shaped him as an investor, why he decided to make the switch to a career in investing, how he was introduced to the world of value investing through the works of Peter Lynch, his growth as an investor since starting Pabrai Investments as a hobby investor, how you can use cloning to your advantage, and so much more!   Key Topics: The meaning behind the title of Mohnish’s book “The Dhandho Investor” (3:02) What Mohnish learned from his father’s entrepreneurial ventures (4:20) Mohnish’s invaluable hands-on business experience as a teenager (8:05) How an engineering background offers an advantage as an investor (10:40) Mohnish’s decision to remain in the US after university (11:51) The importance of looking at the big picture (13:03) Moving from computer engineering to international marketing (14:36) How Mohnish’s father changed the path of his career (15:41) Why Mohnish decided to start his own company (18:17) The early days of TransTech (20:14) An introduction to Peter Lynch and Warren Buffet (22:22) Testing out the Buffet approach to investing (23:48) Transitioning into asset management (27:35) The 1999 start of Pabrai Funds as a hobby (30:04) Starting out as a traditional value investor (32:46) Our aversion to cloning (34:17) The significant competitive advantage you can gain by cloning (36:24) Understanding the patterns of different investors (39:10) Mohnish’s approach to idea selection (40:51) Reaching clarity before making investment decisions (44:10) Examining Fiat Chrysler as a case study for Mohnish’s investment process (47:31) How Mohnish utilizes guardrails (50:59) A value investor’s approach to risk management (52:46) Finding 50 cent dollar bills (54:29) Focusing on compounders (56:55) What we can learn from NICE Holdings (59:37) What you need to know about “spawning” (1:01:43) Why investors need to think like entrepreneurs (1:05:06) Why this is an interesting time for value investing (1:07:23) How Mohnish thinks about the future of value investing (1:09:41) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode: Mohnish Pabrai’s Books: Mosaic: Perspectives on Investing The Dhandho Investor: The Low-Risk Value Method to High Returns Peter Lynch’s Book | One Up On Wall Street: How To Use What You Already Know To Make Money In The Market Young Presidents' Organization (YPO) Tom Peters’ Book | In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America's Best-Run Companies   Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Modern value investing emphasizes investing in resilient franchises and letting the compounding do the work for you. Today’s guest, Jan Hummel, is a fantastic expositor of this subject and a friend of the Center who has been part of many of our events over the years. In 2007, Jan launched the Paradigm Capital Value Fund with Bruce Greenwald, the founder of the Heilbrunn Center and Columbia Business School alumnus, Mario Gabelli. Paradigm’s investment philosophy is built around a focus on mispriced securities in the small- and mid-cap space within Europe, deep fundamental research, a concentrated portfolio, and hedging of the portfolio through non-equity investments and derivatives. I've often mentioned that I think the opportunities in Europe for value investors are enormous and with Paradigm’s focus on making investments within the European Union, Jan is the perfect person to explore this topic with us. On this episode, Jan and I discuss the advantages of real-world experience, combined with deep fundamental research and tenacity. We talk about how Jan’s early years in Sweden have shaped his whole life, what it was like to make the move from financial economics to business school, making the transition from 15 years of turnaround recovery to running a fund, the key traits of a great analyst and an entrepreneur, and so much more!   Key Topics: How Jan’s childhood in Sweden has colored his life (2:37) Jan’s unconventional experience buying shares at 16 (4:06) Studying financial economics at the Stockholm School of Economics and Stanford (6:26) The first steps of Jan’s finance career as a Junior Analyst (7:33) How Jan went from studying under Bruce Greenwald at Harvard to working together (9:16) How business school broadened Jan’s experience (9:56) Jan’s unorthodox path in asset management (12:07) Why Jan became interested in turnaround restructuring (13:08) How Jan’s 15 years of business experience has helped him as an investor (14:29) The Swedish banking crisis of the early 90s (16:24) Competitive dynamics of the 80s and 90s (18:03) The powerful combination of deep knowledge and a favorable market environment (19:19) Events that led to the launch of Paradigm Capital (20:44) The experience of founding a fund right before the 2008 economic crisis (23:09) Creating an information edge through research (24:37) Advantages of a having concentrated portfolio (26:22) Paradigm’s layered approach to sizing positions in their portfolio (29:05) Why Paradigm is country-agnostic when it comes to portfolio construction (30:57) How Paradigm hedges currencies as part of their risk management (31:50) Navigating the tricky waters of figuring out when to exit a position (35:48) What I like about Paradigm’s flexible approach to engaging with management (38:55) Why data is always foundation for identifying potential investments (39:59) What Jan is looking for in companies’ return on capital employed (41:05) Why Jan believes we’ll see an increase in passive investing in Europe in the future (45:32) Opportunities for value investors in Europe (47:04) Building strategy around the improvement of operational practices (48:51) What makes a great analyst (51:32) The tenacity of an entrepreneur (53:01) And much more!  Mentioned in this Episode: Value Investing with Legends Podcast | Season 4 Episode 4: The Multi-Faceted Future of Value Investing with Henry Ellenbogen and Anouk Dey Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

The most successful investors combine a profound analytical understanding of financial markets and the economy at large with the ability to act on those ideas. My guest today has these two attributes in spades. Today’s conversation is with Howard Marks, the Co-Founder and Co-Chairman of Oaktree Capital Management, which is one of the largest credit investors in the world and certainly the largest investor in distressed securities. Howard started his career at Citicorp as an equity research analyst and then Director of Research, Vice President, and Senior Portfolio Manager overseeing convertible and high yield debt. After leaving Citicorp, he moved to The TCW Group, where once again, he was responsible for investments in distressed debt, high yield bonds, and convertible securities. In 1995 he and another group of partners from TCW founded Oaktree, where he remains today. Howard is known for his penetrating mind and his memos are a must-read for any serious student of the market and I can’t think of anyone better than him to discuss the many complexities of markets and the economy of today.  On this episode, Howard and I discuss how he ended up in the high yields space, why running research at Citicorp was a low point in his career, the concept of “efficientization”, why Graham and Dodd called bond investing a negative art, why complexity and early adoption are your friends, the dominant challenge for investors today, Howard’s prolific writing, and so much more!   Key Topics: Howard’s early life from working adding machines in an accounting office to studying finance at university (3:30) How Howard ended up working at Citicorp for his first job out of school (5:39) Why running research at Citicorp was an extremely unsatisfactory role for Howard (7:25) Howard’s involuntary transition from analyst into the high yield space (9:01) The big difference between the market being efficient and being right (11:37) The concept of “efficientization” (13:14) Two main causes of mistakes in the market? (14:04) Howard’s holy grail in investing (15:12) Why Howard doesn’t use macro forecasting in his decision making (17:24) The dawn of the high yield bond era (18:55) Different approaches to the analysis of equities versus high yield bonds (20:07) Why Graham and Dodd called bond investing a negative art (21:03) Howard’s early days at The TCW Group (23:18) Complexity and early adoption as an investor’s friends (24:53) Why you must work at a firm that is in alignment with your investment philosophy (28:05) Howard’s love for writing (31:49) Using memos to shape the company culture (33:30) Why you should analyze your winners (34:47) The “I know” school versus the “I don’t know” school (36:01) The dominant challenge for investors today (38:46) What Howard thinks is behind consistently low yields (42:13) What surprises me about the politics of populism and financial markets (46:43) The rise of populism as a response to the shifting beliefs of the working class (48:16) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode: Oaktree Capital Management Memos from Howard Marks Howard Marks’ Book | The Most Important Thing Illuminated: Uncommon Sense for the Thoughtful Investor Benjamin Graham & David Dodd’s Book | Security Analysis Howard Marks’ Memos: Us and Them Coming into Focus Mysterious Economic Reality Political Reality Political Reality Meets Economic Reality   Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Today’s conversation is with Henry Ellenbogen and Anouk Dey from Durable Capital Partners. Henry founded Durable in 2019 and serves as Managing Partner and Chief Investment Officer. Before that, he was a Vice President of T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group Chief Investment Officer for U.S. Equity Growth, the lead Portfolio Manager for the U.S. Small-Cap Growth Equity Strategy, and the Portfolio Manager for the New Horizons Fund. Anouk is a Partner of Durable who joined the firm at its inception in 2019. Before joining Durable, she was also a Vice President of T. Rowe Price Group, where she was an investment analyst in the U.S. Equity Division, focusing on small-cap growth stocks. Anouk also co-teaches the Compounders Independent Study at Columbia Business School. My students have heard me say many times that the future of investing must be one that combines exposure to private and public markets and that is flexible in its valuation approach and ideas, and that embraces disruption. That type of investing requires partners that are willing to commit capital for the long haul while being able to withstand the volatility of the market. That’s where Durable Capital Partners stands out. On this episode, Henry, Anouk, and I discuss how Henry developed his investment philosophy, how a liberal arts background gives you an advantage in the investment industry, Henry and Anouk’s lessons from their time at T. Rowe Price, Durable’s commitment to long-term relationships with the companies they invest in, their unique approach to knowledge acquisition, and so much more!   Key Topics: How Henry started his career in investing after exploring different fields (3:41) The beginnings of Henry’s investment philosophy (6:04) Major lessons from Henry’s study of the history of technology (8:53) The benefits of a liberal arts background (9:41) Why crisis is the true test of an investor (11:00) The stroke of luck that took Anouk from ski racing to studying international relations (12:38) How Anouk got the opportunity to spend her first year as an investor studying compounders (14:44) Henry’s early role as an analyst at T. Rowe Price (18:18) The move from traditional media analyst to managing the T. Rowe Price New Horizons Fund (19:59) What you can learn from studying media companies in the early 2000s (21:00) Why Henry started looking at private companies as investment opportunities (23:37) Creating a systematic approach to investing in private companies (25:38) The foundation for building a network of companies with unique access (26:51) Advantages for public security analysts over venture capitalists in the private market (29:06) What Durable wants to be known for (30:07) How Durable’s perspective on relationships and long-term commitment are in alignment with entrepreneurs (31:18) Durable’s approach to knowledge acquisition (34:01) Looking at Shopify as a company that has gone from Act 1 and 2 to a potential Act 3 (37:05) Durable’s approach to analyzing and supporting company leaders (41:24) Managing the risk of human capital (45:25) The importance of honoring your commitments and managing capital successfully during a crisis (47:46) Eliminating the false dichotomies in the investment industry (51:59) How you can reduce your learning trajectory around compounders (55:19) The advantage of working in collaborative teams at Durable (57:26) Idea sourcing as world-class fundamental investors (1:00:01) Understanding the good to great thesis (1:01:22) The value of deeply human investing (1:04:15) Building on the human skillset (1:06:13) How passive investing is affecting market volatility (1:08:30) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode: Durable Capital Partners   Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Today’s conversation is with Rishi Renjen, the Founder and Chief Investment Officer of ROAM Global Management. Before founding ROAM Global, he was a Managing Director and Sector Head at Maverick Capital, a Partner at TPG-Axon Capital, and a Senior Analyst at Glenview Capital. Rishi earned a Bachelor of Science in Economics, with a concentration in Finance, from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania and he is an Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Value Investing Program at Columbia Business School. Following his interest in finance from a young age, Rishi built up a wealth of experience over the years across in the financial services industry before launching his fund, ROAM Global in 2018. It is a pleasure to welcome Rishi to the show today and, like everyone involved with the Center, he combines his deep understanding of markets, the practice of investing, and fundamental analysis with the ability to convey these ideas clearly to the students. On this episode, Rishi and I discuss where his deep interest in finance came from, what he learned from his years in investment banking, how his experience in the private equity world offers him an advantage, the core principles Rishi wanted to incorporate into his firm, a dynamic approach to value investing, and so much more! Key Topics: Rishi’s early affinity towards business (2:59) The advantage of a deep understanding of economics (4:10) Why it was important to Rishi to do internships and work in the investment banking world (4:40) What Rishi learned from his early years in investment banking (5:53) How Rishi’s foundation in banking and private equity helps him in difficult economic periods (6:31) The similarities between working in private equity and public markets (8:52) Why Rishi believes investing is a balance between conviction and price (10:43) The evolution of public and private markets in recent years (12:57) Why starting his career during a financial crisis was a great opportunity for Rishi (14:56) Rishi’s focus during his career in private equity (17:04) Why the business services sector is so dynamic and transformative (17:56) A dynamic approach to value investing (18:29) How Rishi developed his global perspective on investing (20:04) Lessons learned from the rapid growth of TPG Axon (22:52) The core principles Rishi wanted to incorporate into his firm (25:29) Defining the ROAM investment framework (27:28) How ROAM has navigated the economic shifts due to COVID (30:01) How top of the market activity is creating a biased view of the market (32:44) Risk management in times of distress (33:37) Why it’s easy to lose all your money quickly in the current economic climate (37:35) Why Rishi is a dedicated short seller (40:55) The importance of building a company culture of collective success (44:22) The value of a postmortem analysis for successes as well as failures (47:01) Rishi’s perspective on the future of financial markets (48:57) Why I believe there’s going to be a lot of opportunity for nimble investors (50:48) Agility as a competitive advantage (52:27) And much more! Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

With the COVID-19 crisis dominating our spring semester, the focus of the podcast shifted slightly, and we had several conversations with distinguished investors talking about the impact of the crisis on financial markets. For this season, in addition to the essential lessons about investing and good asset management practices, we are going to explore broader investment experiences and different approaches. Today, I'm particularly delighted to share this conversation with the great value investor, Richard Lawrence who has made a career as a true pioneer, particularly in Asia, where he built a legendary track record. Richard is the Chairman and Executive Director of the Overlook Investment Group, a firm that invests in publicly listed equities across Asia, and that he founded in 1991. The Overlook Partnership, which Richard founded in 1992, currently has over $6 billion in assets under management, and since inception has achieved an astonishing capital-weighted annual compounded return of almost 14%. On this episode, Richard and I discuss the advantages of learning asset management in a family office environment, why he decided to move to Hong Kong, the evolving Asian investment landscape, the Overlook investment philosophy, the four components of a great stock pick, what to consider when building a team, why passive investing brings opportunities for active managers, and so much more! Key Topics: Richard’s early exposure to investing as a career (3:38) The advantage of learning asset management in a family office environment (5:05) How the connection between economic and social growth influenced Richard’s studies at Brown University (7:03) Richard’s early career journey from telex translation to analyst (8:45) How Richard developed the beginnings of his “superior business” investment philosophy (9:53) Why Richard decided to move to Hong Kong (11:22) The Asian investment landscape in the late 80s (12:43) Creating the foundation for Overlook Investments (17:05) The four components of a great stock pick (18:34) How to assess a company’s pricing power (21:45) Richard’s defense against the lack of corporate governance regulations when he started in the Asian markets (25:06) Using the “tower” to track potential investments (27:51) The Overlook approach to portfolio construction (29:52) The five evils ( 32:19) Why you should keep an eye on current account imbalances (33:26) Why Richard decided to cap the growth of assets under management at Overlook (37:25) Richard’s perspective on cutting fees (38:56) The critical aspects of building a team (40:51) How diversity plays a critical at Overlook (42:32) Why Richard refuses to do post-mortems (44:04) Figuring out the institutional framework in China (45:59) The impact of deteriorating US-China relations on the investment landscape (51:27) How passive investing increases opportunities for active managers (55:00) And much more! Mentioned in this Episode: Overlook Investments  Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Welcome back to a new season of the show! Our first conversation is going to be a little different as we’ll be talking about this year’s picks for the 5x5x5 Russo Student Investment Fund. Joining me today is Tom Russo, who designed and funded this first-ever student investment fund at Columbia Business School in 2014, and students James Shen and Freda Zhuo, whose portfolio picks have performed particularly well. The 5x5x5 fund is run by the students of the Value Investing course at Columbia Business School, with ideas being submitted by the students each year. Five students are selected with five ideas that will be held in their entirety for five years. At the end of five years, the inflation-adjusted original amount is invested back into the fund and any other gains will be used to support scholarships for traditionally under-represented members of the class. As we enter year six of the fund, we’re taking a deeper look at the performance of the fund. On this episode, Tom, James, Freda and I discuss how the 5x5x5 fund is more valuable than others, why James and Freda selected the particular companies for investment, what they have learned since investing in those companies, overall observations of the past 5 years of the fund, and so much more!   Key Topics: Why the 5x5x5 fund is more valuable than other student-run funds (1:35) The higher purpose of the fund (2:42) How Nuance Communications attracted James’ attention (3:41) What James learned from his initial research into Nuance (4:43) The changes James has seen in the months since the initial investment was made (5:57) Why investors should be on the lookout for companies making the transition to cloud-based software (6:42) Getting comfortable with a long investment horizon (8:16) Nuance’s competitive advantages over new players entering the market (9:24) Why Freda became interested in investing in Aon PLC (11:09) What Freda has learned about Aon since investing (12:12) How Freda maintained confidence in Aon despite the hit caused by COVID-19 (13:05) Significant developments in the insurance industry due to COVID-19 (14:32) Aon’s risk management advantage (17:58) Why Aon’s customer-centric model gives them an extra edge in client retention (20:28) How Aon mitigates disintermediation risk (23:00) Using new technology as an advantage for Nuance communications (25:49) How Aon covers risks internally (28:15) The redistributive nature of the shock caused by the pandemic (31:57) Observations from the past five years of the 5x5x5 fund (33:09) What to consider when constructing a resilient portfolio (36:22) Tom’s review of the fund and participants (40:47) And much more!  Mentioned in this Episode: 5x5x5 Student Investment Fund James Shen’s Write-Up of Nuance Communications Freda Zhuo's Write-Up of Aon Plc  Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Today’s conversation is with Kim Shannon President and Co-Chief Investment Officer at Sionna Investment Managers. Kim founded Sionna Investment Managers in 2002 and has more than 35 years of industry experience, and previously served as the Chief Investment Officer and Senior Vice President at Merrill Lynch Investment Managers Canada. Kim is also a board member with the Canadian Coalition for Good Governance, the author of The Value Proposition: Sionna's Common Sense Path to Investment Success, and the recipient of numerous awards, including Morningstar Fund Manager of the Year (2005). I've been looking forward to meeting Kim for quite a while and I finally had the opportunity to do so recently at a panel that we did during the last Berkshire shareholder meeting. Kim has had a fascinating career so far, with a unique perspective as a rare woman in the asset management industry. Near the end of her undergrad degree in science, Kim had an opportunity that showed her a new side to a career in business. That realization set her on an entirely new path toward the investment industry, where she worked her way from the very bottom to top positions at Merrill Lynch Investment Managers, eventually opening her own firm. On this episode, Kim and I discuss why she became a believer in value investing, the importance of mentorship for building your reputation and career, her approach to portfolio construction and investment philosophy, and so much more!   Key Topics: Kim’s journey from a degree in science to a corporate career in the investment world (2:50) Why Kim became a believer in value investing (4:23) The value of viewing business as more than the profit motive (5:42) How worked her way up from the bottom at Royal and Sun Alliance to being pursued by Merrill (7:02) The state of the asset management industry for women in the early 1980s (11:02) How mentorship helped Kim build her reputation and career (11:36) Why the meritocracy of the asset management industry is beneficial for women (13:00) The deteriorating situation for women in the asset management industry (14:49) Shocking statistics for women in leadership positions in the industry (16:04) The mission of Variant Perspectives (16:41) The principles Kim has built into Sionna’s investment approach (19:11) Kim’s approach to search, using a quant model as the first step (23:28) How Kim’s team performs fundamental analyses on potential investments (27:57) How knowledge analysis is structured at Sionna (30:20) Why being a specialist can increase your biases (31:32) Sionna’s perspective on assessing relative value (32:37) The importance of the financial services sector (34:04) The unique aspects of value investing in the Canadian market (35:08) How Kim thinks about sizing positions and risk management (39:17) The three main reasons to exit (41:13) Why this down market is unique (45:03) The Canadian market opportunity which has opened up (47:30) Analyzing the current crisis from the perspectives of big tech and energy (49:04) The problem with over-anticipating the next move in the market (50:09) Why you need to understand financial history (51:18) Getting curious about what happens when value underperforms growth (52:56) Why Kim thinks this is one of the best times to buy value (56:47) The tricky balance between the success of passive investing and the need for active managers (58:54) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode: Kim Shannon’s Book | The Value Proposition: Sionna's Common Sense Path to Investment Success Sionna Investment Managers Variant Perspectives Sionna Article | Waiting For   Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Today’s conversation is with Dan Davidowitz and Jeff Mueller of Polen Capital, which is a firm that is dedicated to researching and analyzing the highest-quality companies around the globe and investing for the long haul and with a business owner’s mindset. Dan is the co-head of the Large Company Growth Team and the lead portfolio manager of the firm’s flagship Focus Growth strategy. Jeff is co-portfolio manager of the Global Growth strategy and earned his MBA from Columbia Business School, where he was a graduate with honors and distinction of the Value Investing Program. This episode is our third recording since the coronavirus health crisis, and we have kept doing it remotely. Since Spring Break, Columbia Business School has gone fully online and I am absolutely in awe of how the school has been able to pivot to this new format almost seamlessly and we owe this to the terrific people who have been working tirelessly throughout this challenging period and who deserve all our appreciation. My goal with these episodes is to bring guests on who can help us navigate the investment environment and the enormous uncertainty surrounding the economic impact of the virus, which in my opinion is far from clear. I believe our listeners should be focusing on a rigorous, bottom-up approach or on funds that practice a bottom-up approach that is resilient to a variety of scenarios. Thus far the economic impact is probably a bit under-estimated, but it affects different sectors differently and thus the opportunity to build a resilient portfolio is there. On this episode, Dan, Jeff and I discuss how they developed their investment philosophies, what value means in today’s market environment, what you need to know about investing in compounders, the value of guardrails, and so much more!   Key Topics: The impact of the current coronavirus pandemic on life at Columbia University (1:02) How Dan found an interest in business and finance while pursuing studies in Public Health (6:13) What Dan’s first buy-side job taught him about value investing (7:54) Why frustration led Dan to learn more about the modern approach to value investing (9:00) Polen’s compounder approach to value investing (9:42) The importance of being with an organization whose approach aligns with your investment philosophy (11:07) How the events of September 11, 2001 re-routed Jeff’s career (12:15) Why Jeff set himself the goal of attending Columbia University (13:02) Jeff’s philosophy on wealth generation and investment (14:24) The evolution of the US financial markets since Graham’s first writings (15:20) What does value mean today (21:00) The key elements to consider when analyzing compounders (24:32) Why Polen doesn’t seek new investment opportunities based on economic trends (29:53) Polen’s approach to quality analysis of potential investments (34:57) Investing within a small pool of potential companies (40:22) The never-ending quest for knowledge (42:51) What moat attacks reveal about barriers to entry (44:53) Polen’s perspective on building resilient portfolios (50:07) How the Polen Focus Growth portfolio has been adjusted in light of the coronavirus crisis (54:57) The importance of Polen’s guardrails (57:44) The changes to the Polen Global Growth portfolio in the current crisis (59:25) Dan and Jeff’s outlook for the future of value investing (1:02:08) And much more!  Mentioned in this Episode: Polen Capital Value Investing with Legends Season 3, Episode 4 | C.T. Fitzpatrick - Value Investing in Times of Deep Distress  Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Today’s conversation is with C.T. Fitzpatrick, Founder, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Investment Officer at Vulcan Value Partners. C.T. founded Vulcan in 2007 and since then, all five strategies have peer rankings in the top 1% of value managers in their respective categories. Before starting Vulcan Value Partners, C.T. worked as a principal and portfolio manager at Southeastern Asset Management and over his 17-year tenure, his team achieved double-digit returns and was ranked in the top 5% of money managers over five, ten, and twenty-year periods consistently. We’re again taking a different approach to this episode of the podcast. The health crisis has worsened significantly since our last episode and though there has been some stabilization in valuations, the market’s fragility is still apparent as the uncertainty about the extent of the economic shutdown and the long-run impact of the crisis remains. In light of the extraordinary circumstances we find ourselves in, I couldn’t think of anyone better to talk about investing in the current environment than C.T. Fitzpatrick, with the benefit of his more than 30 years of experience in financial markets. On this episode, CT and I discuss how Vulcan has improved their portfolio over the past few weeks, why it’s critical to stress-test your portfolio, how this crisis will accelerate the demise of certain industries while benefitting other companies, the parallels between the global financial crisis in 2008-2009 and the current market behavior, and so much more!   Key Topics: Using your investment horizon as your main risk management tool (3:57) Why Vulcan prioritizes value stability over discount (6:32) How Vulcan has improved its portfolio over the past few weeks (7:28) What it means to stress-test your portfolio (8:14) Why thorough analysis is critical in light of this extraordinary event (8:46) The benefit of a strong balance sheet for weathering this crisis (11:22) Vulcan’s approach to different asset classes (12:58) The strategy behind concentrating portfolios in periods of volatility (15:13) Why CT considers the margin of safety to be the most important risk metric (18:01) How the crisis will accelerate the demise of certain industries (19:44) The evolution of the airline industry and its weaknesses during this crisis (21:24) Companies that will benefit from the behavior changes triggered by lockdowns and quarantines (22:58) The parallels between the global financial crisis in 2008-2009 and the current market behavior (25:17) How the political climate has colored policymakers’ response to market volatility (28:16) A key difference between the global financial crisis and the current crisis caused by the pandemic (29:52) Analyzing potential scenarios and outcomes for companies (33:45) Why you need to monitor the economies in countries which are at a more advanced stage of the pandemic (35:48) The Vulcan investment philosophy (37:26) How CT analyzes a company’s valuation (40:10) The importance of value stability (41:47) Why CT believes value investing is here to stay for the long term (43:23) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode: Vulcan Value Partners   Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Today’s conversation is with Michael Mauboussin, Head of Consilient Research at Counterpoint Global. Before joining Counterpoint Global, Michael was the Director of Research at BlueMountain Capital Management in New York and previously the Head of Global Financial Strategies at Credit Suisse and Chief Investment Strategist at Legg Mason Capital Management. Michael has also authored several books and has been an adjunct professor of finance at Columbia Business School since 1993, where he is on the faculty of the Heilbrunn Center for Graham and Dodd Investing. As of this recording, the university campus is quiet and empty, with classes moving online for the spring semester. Of course, this is due to the coronavirus global pandemic which hit the world quite suddenly and has required extreme public health measures. The markets have responded as expected to the crisis and the economy is in a tailspin. In light of all of this, I wanted to take a slightly different approach to today’s episode and have a discussion about not only how to think about markets, but also the psychological stress caused by the crisis. For that, I couldn’t think of anyone better than our first repeat guest, Michael Mauboussin. On this episode, Michael and I talk about the debate on the economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic, the argument for the centralized implementation of public health solutions, using the expectations infrastructure to analyze companies, how stress affects investment decisions, how risk attitudes are shaped by loss and crisis, and so much more!   Key Topics: The two main sides of the debate on the economic impact of coronavirus (5:11) What pandemics and wars in the past demonstrate about the resilience of the economy (7:14) How Michael believes the economic impact of coronavirus will compare to previous world wars and pandemics (8:48) Why the response to the coronavirus crisis has been so different in Asia, Europe and the US (12:05) The argument for the centralized implementation of public health solutions (14:57) Framing the current crisis as an externality (16:21) Our theories about the sharp correction in equity prices (18:15) Will the current crisis measures result in long-term changes to our collective behavior? (20:03) The consistency of the underlying reality of financial markets (21:38) Assessing the effect of increasing concentration (24:11) Why it’s so important to have a protocol in place for tackling the crisis (26:30) Using the expectations infrastructure to analyze companies (30:37) Measuring volatility as an indicator of risk in the short-term (35:01) Why psychological stress can have a bigger impact than physical stress (38:07) The conditions for psychological stress (38:44) How stress affects investment decisions (39:24) The interaction between psychological and agency issues during periods of massive uncertainty (40:28) How to reduce the stresses of social isolation during the coronavirus crisis (42:51) Teaching without in-person classes (45:04) What is myopic loss aversion? (46:42) How risk attitudes are shaped by loss and crisis (47:44) And much more! Mentioned in this Episode: Michael Mauboussin’s Website Michael Mauboussin’s Books Michael Mauboussin and Alfred Rappaport’s Book | Expectations Investing: Reading Stock Prices for Better Returns Tyler Cowen’s Bloomberg Article | Bill Gates Is Really Worried About the Coronavirus. Here’s Why. Mancur Olson’s Book | The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups   Thomas Philippon’s Book | The Great Reversal: How America Gave Up on Free Markets     Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!  

Today’s conversation is with Francisco García Paramés, chairman and chief investment officer at Cobas Asset Management, which he founded in 2016. Before founding Cobas, Francisco was with Bestinver for over 25 years. During that time, he built a legendary record and posted an average annual return of 15%, outperforming the reference benchmark by more than 700 basis points. Francisco is based in my home country of Spain and his reputation has extended far beyond its border. As a self-taught follower of Warren Buffett’s investment approach, he is a vocal advocate of the core ideas behind value investing. Francisco is also the author of a book that I highly recommend, called Investing for the Long Term, in which he explains the underpinnings of his investment approach and experience. On this episode, Francisco and I talk about his self-taught route to becoming a value investor, his experiences over more than 25 years in asset management during huge events in the financial markets, how he approaches valuation and portfolio construction, what it was like to run a one-man shop, and so much more!   Key Topics: Why Francisco recommends to always keep your options open (4:46) How basketball helped Francisco in his business studies (5:37) The influence of Peter Lynch on Francisco’s investing philosophy (7:45) From portfolio analyst to manager in less than two years (9:28) Finding value in the Spanish market during the early 90s economic crisis (11:21) Francisco’s self-taught approach to growing as a value investor (12:30) The importance of patience and having a long-term perspective (13:05) How Francisco managed the Bestinver portfolio analysis in his first decade (14:15) Francisco’s approach to valuation (15:27) Shifting to a quality and growth perspective (16:56) The lessons learned over 25 years of bubbles and crashes (19:30) How Francisco builds up the resilience of a portfolio (22:00) How to think about cash in a bottoms-up approach (24:43) Francisco’s portfolio construction strategy (28:02) Building conviction as a one-man shop (31:10) Francisco’s journey to becoming an author (36:40) Getting started with Cobas Asset Management (38:58) Why Francisco values a team approach at Cobas (40:32) The importance of client relationships in developing a strong base (42:10) Analyzing the growth of Limited Holding Group (43:15) Analyzing the growth and quality of Melia (47:48) Aligning the long-run outlook of the team, clients, and management (48:42) Francisco’s thoughts on the market’s current underperformance relative to growth (50:39) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode: Cobas Asset Management Francisco García Paramés’ Book | Investing for the Long Term Bestinver S.A. Peter Lynch’s Book | One Up On Wall Street: How To Use What You Already Know To Make Money In The Market Joel Greenblatt’s Book | The Little Book That Still Beats the Market Cobas Letters from the Asset Manager Benjamin Graham’s Book | The Intelligent Investor: The Definitive Book on Value Investing   Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Today’s conversation is with David Samra, managing director of Artisan Partners and founding partner of the Artisan Partners International Value Team. He is the lead portfolio manager of the Artisan International Value Fund, which he has managed since its inception in September 2002. Mr. Samra also was co-portfolio manager for the Global Value Fund from its inception in December 2007 through September 2018. Before joining Artisan Partners, David was a portfolio manager and a senior analyst in international equities at the legendary Harris Associates. David enrolled in Columbia Business School (CBS) in 1991, right before the value investing program was re-launched and he considers his classes in the fundamentals of investing and internship with value investor Mario Gabelli to be critical in the development of his investment philosophy. Since leaving business school, David has focused on international investing and under his leadership, his team was twice named Morningstar, Inc.’s International-Stock Fund Manager of the Year in 2008 and 2013. On this episode, David and I talk about his early drive to pursue a career in money management, why he was drawn to work in international investments, what he learned from working with value investing legends, the contrast between the traditional and modern value investor, the most effective way to select securities, and so much more!   Key Topics: When David uncovered his interest in becoming an asset manager (3:56) How David’s inclination towards value investing showed up in school (5:00) David’s early steps towards a career in money management (6:53) Attending CBS before the value investing program was revitalized (8:43) The CBS class that taught David about the difference between a good and a bad business (9:44) How working with Mario Gabelli helped David to develop his investment philosophy (11:01) Why David took a pay cut to work in international investing at Montgomery Asset Management (12:09) Travelling around the world to assess non-US securities (14:46) How working with David Herro complemented David’s approach to security analysis (16:37) The contrast between the traditional and the modern value investor (18:11) Leveraging the opportunities created for value investors during a financial crisis (24:17) What the global financial crisis taught David about risk management (25:54) Finding the balance between price and quality to put yourself in the best position from a risk/reward profile (26:39) Why many value investors had to shift their thinking because of the tech bubble (27:31) Using screens to for investment idea generation (29:44) David’s most effective method for finding securities (30:49) Why the artisan research team is made up of generalists organized by geography (32:36) The benefits of making investment decisions on a company-specific level, rather than economic trends (34:50) The business analysis and valuation process David uses for international investments (36:14) How some European banks have become more appealing for value investors (41:03) Analyzing the price and quality of the Spanish Bank, Bankia (44:43) Analyzing the success of Compass Group (49:18) David’s views on the future of value investing in the face of rising passive investing (51:29) And much more!  Mentioned in this Episode: Artisan Partners Bennett Stewart’s Book | The Quest for Value: A Guide for Senior Managers Benjamin Graham’s Book | The Intelligent Investor: The Definitive Book on Value Investing Value Investing with Legends Podcast: Season 2 Episode 6 | Bruce Greenwald - Staying on the Right Side of the Trade Season 1, Episode 2 | Tom Russo - The All Important Power of Consumer Brands   Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!  

Today’s conversation is with Professor Bruce Greenwald, guru to Wall Street’s gurus. Bruce is the Robert Heilbrunn Professor of Finance and Asset Management Emeritus at Columbia Business School and is the former Academic Director of the Heilbrunn Center for Graham & Dodd Investing. He has been the recipient of numerous awards, including the Columbia University Presidential Teaching Award and his classes are consistently oversubscribed, with more than 650 students taking his courses every year. Columbia Business School’s unmatched tradition in value investing started with the teaching of Ben Graham and later David Dodd and Roger Murray. But for almost a decade after Roger Murray retired, that tradition lay dormant. That’s when Bruce joined Columbia in 1991, after leaving Harvard Business School and has since played a critical role in reinvigorating value investing. On this episode, Bruce and I talk about how he revitalized value investing at Columbia Business School, why you should be a specialist, how to approach valuations, why investment managers can’t build a portfolio, how to remain relevant despite the growth of passive investing, and so much more! This is our last episode of the season but we will be doing our first live podcast at the Columbia Student Investment Management Association (CSIMA) Conference on February 7, 2020, at Columbia University. There will be a wonderful collection of speakers, many of whom have been past guests on the podcast, as well as some very distinguished value investors who will be visiting from Europe. We hope to see you there and until then, thank you for listening and Happy Holidays!   Key Topics: How Bruce received the Heilbrunn chair (3:58) Bruce’s unintentional initiation into value investing (4:51) The start of the value investing course at Columbia (6:12) Becoming the “Guru to Wall Street’s gurus” (6:46) How the value investing course developed into a full program (7:14) Bruce’s career journey from Bell Labs to Harvard Business School (8:16) The value investing oral tradition (10:30) Applying a value orientation to your investment search strategy (12:11) Why you need to be a specialist (13:24) What you can learn from Warren Buffett about specialization (14:56) Paul Hilal’s approach to investing by first spending the time to learn (16:28) How the economics of the business fits into the valuation (18:21) The implicit role of economics in Ben Graham’s methodology (20:11) How to approach the valuation of a moat business (24:11) The factors to consider when calculating your return (26:51) Why you have to pay attention to management behavior (30:48) How Intel’s acquisition of Altera showed a shift in management’s strategy (31:50) The importance of active research for value investors (34:14) The evolution of value investing away from a sole focus on asset values (36:11) Why investment managers can’t build a portfolio (36:56) Bruce’s approach to risk management (38:31) How economic changes are creating new opportunities for value investors (41:07) The role government will have to play in the changing economy (45:01) How regulatory uncertainty affects businesses (49:10) Why Bruce isn’t worried about the growth of passive investing (53:28) And much more!  Mentioned in this Episode: New York Times Article | PRIVATE SECTOR; A Guru to Wall Street's Gurus Bruce C. N. Greenwald’s Books Value Investing: From Graham to Buffett and Beyond Competition Demystified: A Radically Simplified Approach to Business Strategy The Columbia Student Investment Management Association (CSIMA) Conference Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Today’s conversation is with Matthew McLennan, head of the Global Value team and a portfolio manager of the Global Value, International Value, US Value and Gold strategies at First Eagle Investment Management, where host Tano Santos also works as a Senior Advisor.  Matt is interested in the field of education, and he is a trustee of the Trinity School in New York City. He serves as co-chair of the Board of Dean’s Advisors of the Harvard School of Public Health and as a board member of the University of Queensland in the United States of America. He is also a trustee of the Board of Directors for the Library of America. After sparking his interest in investing in boarding school, Matt went on to study at the University of Queensland where he was given a unique opportunity to take part in the management of a $10 billion pool of capital at the Queensland Investment Corporation. This was to be the first of many successful career moves as that experience positioned him perfectly to join the Goldman Sachs team in Sydney. After rising through the ranks at Goldman Sachs, Matt joined First Eagle in the heart of the global financial crisis and where he once again proved the importance of fundamentals, selectivity, and patience. On this episode, Matt and I talk about what sparked his interest in investing, why learning how to think is more valuable than specific finance theory, his investment approach, the role of temperament in investing, his career at Goldman Sachs, how joining First Eagle during the global financial crisis ended up being a blessing in disguise, why you shouldn’t try to predict market activity, and so much more!   Key Topics: Why theFirst Eagle Investment Management Foundation Scholarship was created (3:09) How the First Eagle fellowship will benefit the recipient and the firm (4:07) Matt’s early life growing up in a small town in Australia (6:04) Looking at his parent’s land as a metaphor for the power of selectivity and patience (7:08) How a boarding school investment club sparked Matt’s interest in investing (7:40) Matt’s opportunity to work in asset management for a large capital pool (9:23) Why learning how to think was more valuable to Matt than specific finance theory (10:33) How the state of the markets in the 80s provided an interesting environmental backdrop for Matt during his studies (11:34) How working with the Queensland Investment Corporation helped to shape Matt’s investment philosophy later in life (12:51) Matt’s investment approach and the role of temperament (14:18) Leaving the backyard to join Goldman Sachs (16:12) The role of mentors at Goldman Sachs in developing Matt as a value investor (17:14) Why you need to consider the two important assets missing from the balance sheet (17:54) How the market’s perspective on value investing changed during Matt’s career at Goldman Sachs (20:00) Why the late 90s was a difficult time to be a value investor (21:33) The reason that joining First Eagle was appealing for Matt (23:43) How joining First Eagle during the global financial crisis ended up being a blessing in disguise (26:54) Why instead of trying to predict market activity you should take advantage of markets after the fact (29:20) Matt’s perspective on measuring growth (32:06) How Matt identifies potential investment ideas (34:54) Why Matt invests in businesses with scarce intangible assets (35:51) The challenge you face when buying companies in competitive industries (36:46) The role of specialized knowledge in investment analysis (38:53) Why First Eagle reinforces a culture where continuous learning is valued (40:47) How First Eagle decided on hedging with a real asset (43:02) The usefulness of gold as a hedge in comparison to other commodities (45:12) Matt’s views on the current unusual state of the markets (48:51) The right portfolio response to the current state of the markets (53:47) Why Matt attributes a lot of the success of passive investing to the poor approach taken by some active managers (58:04) And much more! Mentioned in this Episode: First Eagle Investment Management First Eagle Investment Management Foundation Scholarship Tanya Kostrinsky, the inaugural recipient of the First Eagle Investment Management Foundation scholarship Bruce C. N. Greenwald’s Book | Value Investing: From Graham to Buffett and Beyond The Columbia Student Investment Management Association (CSIMA) Conference Goldman Sachs Jean-Marie Eveillard, Senior Advisor to the First Eagle Investment Management Global Value team Value Investing with Legends | Taking a Top-Down Approach to Value Investing with Jean-Marie Eveillard Value Investing with Legends | Looking For More For Less with Leon Cooperman Bill White, former Chairman of the Economic and Development Review Committee at the OECD   Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Today’s conversation is with Joel Greenblatt, Founder and Managing Partner of Gotham Asset Management. Since founding Gotham in 1985, Joel and his partner Robert Goldstein have developed the firm into a large asset management company, well beyond the traditional hedge fund model and offering mutual fund products for the retail investor. Throughout his career, Joel has been a very successful adjunct professor here at Columbia Business School and has also published several successful books. Growing up, Joel intuitively learned about business from his father, a shoe manufacturer. From these dinner table lessons, his biggest takeaway was the idea that stocks are not simply pieces of paper that bounce around and to remember you own a piece of a business. After completing his MBA at Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, Joel started his investment career and quickly progressed from analyst to partner, and soon started Gotham where he has successfully bridged theory and practice for over 30 years. On this episode, Joel and I talk about his introduction to Ben Graham and value investing, why he switched from law school to a career in the investment world, his early role in risk arbitrage, why he decided to start his firm, how he turned a tough negotiation with Mike Milken into a win for Gotham, why he advocates for a value-based approach to investing, and so much more!   Key Topics: What Joel learned from his father about business (2:46) How Joel developed his core perspective on investing (3:13) Why Ben Graham’s stock-picking rules resonated with Joel (4:35) How Joel ended up writing an article for the Journal of Portfolio Management while a student at Wharton (5:51) How trading options at Bear Stearns helped Joel realize he wanted to pursue an investment-related career (7:23) Joel’s experience as the only analyst at a startup hedge fund (7:58) Why Joel’s early role in risk arbitrage was a good foundation for his Special Situations course at the Heilbrunn Center (9:28) The lucky situation Joel found himself in when he went to Wall Street (10:51) Why Joel decided to start his firm (12:26) Joel’s tough negotiation with Mike Milken (13:17) The influences that shaped Joel’s initial investment approach at Gotham (15:01) How Joel succeeds without specializing (19:09) The advantage of investing off the beating path (19:41) Why Joel decided to become an author (23:29) How writing and teaching have helped Joel become a better investor (24:23) Why it returned the outside capital from Gotham (25:38) Joel’s investment philosophy (28:02) Joel’s career-long rebellion against the efficient market hypothesis and portfolio management theory (28:49) The fascinating results from Joel’s benevolent brokerage firm (35:11) Why the strategy from The Little Book That Still Beats the Market can be difficult readers to implement (37:48) Why Joel advocates for a valuation-based approach to investing (42:14) The prudent approach most people should take when investing in the market (48:22) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode: Gotham Asset Management Joel Greenblatt’s Books: The Little Book That Still Beats the Market The Big Secret for the Small Investor - A New Route to Long-Term Investment Success You Can Be a Stock Market Genius: Uncover the Secret Hiding Places of Stock Market Profits Joel Greenblatt’s Journal of Portfolio Management Article | How the small investor can beat the market Malcolm Gladwell’s Book | Outliers: The Story of Success Mike Milken, Financier Benjamin Graham and David L. Dodd’s Book | Security Analysis Benjamin Graham’s Book | The Intelligent Investor Warren Buffet’s Shareholder Letters John Train’s Books David Dreman’s Books Joel Greenblatt’s Morningstar Paper | Adding Your Two Cents May Cost a Lot Over the Long Term Cliff Asness, Managing and Founding Principal of AQR Capital Managements   Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

of Omega Advisors. After getting his MBA from Columbia Business School, Leon joined Goldman Sachs as a Junior Analyst and ultimately built up Goldman Sachs' asset management division, GSAM. In 1991 Leon decided to follow his passion for money management and started his hedge fund, Omega Advisors, which became a family office in 2018. Leon is a member of The Giving Pledge and he takes great pleasure in giving back to those organizations and institutions that made a difference in his life.  From humble beginnings, Leon benefitted greatly from the public education system while attending high school and college in the Bronx. Intuition has always played an important role in Leon’s life. After years of hard work to fulfill his goal of becoming a dentist, he followed that intuition and dropped out of dental school after just 8 days, forfeiting a full year of tuition and expenses. That misstep into dentistry put Leon on the path that would lead to Columbia Business School and a job at Goldman Sachs right after graduation, which he credits with changing the trajectory of his life.  On this episode, Leon and I talk about how Leon went from dreams of dentistry to a successful career in the investment world, Leon’s approach to value investing, Leon’s career path at Goldman Sachs, why Leon founded Omega Advisors, how politics affects policy, Leon’s take on the current state of the financial markets, Leon’s approach to philanthropy, and so much more!   Key Topics: The two factors to which Leon attributes his success (2:56) Why Leon wrote a letter to President Obama (3:12) How getting an MBA from Columbia Business School changed the trajectory of Leon’s life (4:22) Why Leon dropped out of dental school (4:36) The key role intuition played from early in Leon’s life (6:05) How Leon ended up working at Goldman Sachs right after graduating (6:56) Leon’s introduction to value investing at Columbia Business School (8:12) Leon’s career at Goldman from Junior Analyst to Partner (9:36) The benefits of the close working relationship between sales, trading, and research at Goldman (11:08) The dual roles Leon had to play in the 70s (11:42) Leon’s favorite aspect of doing investment research (12:37) Why Leon keeps up to date with the micro- and macro-activities of the business world (13:44) The origin of Goldman Sachs Asset Management (14:42) The inception of Omega Advisors Hedge Fund and its evolution into a family office (16:50) Why Leon decided to retire (18:05) What Leon told Warren Buffett about The Giving Pledge (18:48) Why Leon decided to leave Goldman Sachs (19:16) How Leon’s brush with the S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) positively impacted him (21:18) Leon’s investment strategy when he started Omega Advisors (22:24) The importance of surrounding yourself with knowledgeable people (23:06) How regulatory changes have driven up the cost of business (24:01) Why Leon attributes value orientation as the driver behind the success of Omega Advisors (25:35) Leon’s current investment strategy (26:02) Leon’s perspective on the current state of the financial markets (27:33) Why we should be worried about the amount of debt currently being created in the economy (29:46) What Leon considers to be a “normal” state for the markets (31:07) How government policy has contributed to the current income disparity (33:14) The problem with wealth tax (34:31) Why Leon believes America’s commitment to capitalism is so important (37:55) How the current state of politics is affecting the creation of sensible policy (39:42) The four things you can do with money (42:37) Leon’s philanthropic endeavors (43:54) And much more!    Mentioned in this Episode: The Giving Pledge Open Letter To The President Of The United States Of America from Leon Cooperman The Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans Goldman Sachs Benjamin Graham and David Dodd’s Book | Security Analysis Cooperman College Scholars  The Cooperman Family Fund for a Jewish Future Lehman College   Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Today’s conversation is with Ross Glotzbach, the CEO and Head of Research at one of the great names in value investing, Southeastern Asset Management, the firm founded by Mason Hawkins over 40 years ago. Ross is also the co-portfolio manager on Longleaf Partners, Small-Cap and Global Funds, as well as the Longleaf Partners Global UCITS Fund. Before joining Southeastern in 2004, he was a Corporate Finance Analyst at Stephens, Inc. after graduating from Princeton University.  From a young age, Ross was fascinated with investing in businesses where he could turn 50 cents into $1. By the time he was starting college, Ross was introduced to the concept of value investing and got the opportunity to manage real money of his own, which he attributes as a key step on his path to becoming a value investor. Not one to take the passive route, Ross set out to learn as much about value investing as he could and determine whether it was the right strategy for him. After multiple internships and valuable experience working at Stephens, Ross joined Southeastern with their culture of “true value investors”. On this episode, Ross and I talk about his introduction to value investing, why he values his time at Stephens so much, his experience as an analyst at Southeastern, what it means to be Head of Research, why he places so much importance on having conversations with management, the engaged approach to investing, and so much more!   Key Topics: Ross’s early interest in finding ways to buy $1 for 50 cents (2:56) How Ross started out with value investing (3:56) Ross’s experiences exploring outside of the value investment strategy (6:59) What Ross learned while working at Stephens (9:50) Ross’s first years as an analyst at Southeastern (11:29) Why you must have a master list of companies you’d love to own (13:44) Ross’s path from Junior Analyst to Head of Research (15:33) The day-to-day responsibilities of Ross’s role as Head of Research (16:11) Why Southeastern prefers their analysts to be generalists (18:14) How Southeastern’s multi-country research team stays coordinated (19:18) Ross’s strategy for finding good investment ideas in the small-cap sector (21:00) The opportunities traditional value investors often miss by ignoring conversations management (23:09) Ross’s criteria for assessing business quality (26:13) How Ross assesses barriers to entry of potential investments (27:28) Southeastern’s qualitative strategy for handling the disruption of industries by technology (29:11) Why industry disruption can give value investors a competitive advantage (31:10) Southeastern’s approach to valuation (33:04) How Southeastern manages diversification and risk (36:52) The engaged approach for balancing active and passive investment (39:42) The leadership transition with Mason Hawkins (45:46) Ross’s perspective on value underperforming relative to growth (49:36) What Ross thinks about the growth of the passive investment market (51:39) How private equity investing has changed in recent years (54:41) And much more!    Mentioned in this Episode:  Southeastern Asset Management Longleaf Partners Funds Benjamin Graham’s Book | The Intelligent Investor Stephens, Inc. Mason Hawkins, Chairman and Principal, Southeastern Asset Management Staley Cates, Vice-Chairman and Principal, Southeastern Asset Management    Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Today’s conversation is with Jennifer Wallace, a wonderful expositor to the main ideas of value investing, but also a very deep thinker when it comes to the interaction of value investing and the market at large. Jenny is the co-founder of Summit Street Capital Management, where she is the portfolio manager of the US equity value fund. She's also a Columbian through and through as she holds a BA from Columbia College and an MBA from Columbia Business School. Jenny is a member of the advisory board of the Heilbrunn Center for Graham & Dodd Investing and a great mentor to me. While working towards her MBA, Jenny joined the first cohort of students to take the value investing class offered by Bruce Greenwald. After being introduced to value investing, it became clear to Jenny that to be successful she needed to develop a skill set that would allow her to assess businesses, independent of conventional wisdom. To gain that perspective, she first went to work for McKinsey & Company. After leaving McKinsey, Jenny worked alongside investing legend Bob Bruce, before ultimately co-founding her firm. On this episode, Jenny and I discuss her studies at Columbia Business School as a student in the first cohort of the value investing class, her early career with value investing legends, how Summit Street was started, how Jenny developed her investment philosophy, her approach to data analysis, the impact of the growth of the passive investing industry on active managers, and so much more!    Key Topics:  The events program for the Heilbrunn Center during the 2019/2020 academic year (1:03) Why you should sign up for the center’s email newsletter (6:15) Jenny’s experience as a student in the first cohort of the value investing class (8:26) The structure of the first value investing class (10:20) Why Jenny decided to work for McKinsey instead of in investing (11:33) How Jenny’s background in psychology helps her as a value investor (12:56) The impact of Jenny’s time at McKinsey (13:28) Summit Street’s investment philosophy (15:42) How business’ operational efficiency contributes to investors’ downside projection (16:37) Bob Bruce’s pitch to Jenny (17:23) The importance of being able to read financials and let the numbers tell you a story (19:20) Bob Bruce’s advice on building up your knowledge about select companies (21:12) The opportunities and crises in the late 1990s market (22:25) The parallels between the investment landscape of the 1990s and now (24:19) The qualities that Jenny believes sets value investors apart from others (25:37) Why Jenny thinks being a good value investor starts with a certain type of person (27:23) How Summit Street was launched (28:32) The evolving focus of Summit Street (29:13) Jenny’s approach to data analysis and searching for investment ideas (32:47) Jenny’s perspective on the changing significance of classic value metrics (34:41) How Jenny use cash flow as a valuation metric to avoid value traps (37:29) Why you should focus on the numbers in assessing the management team of a potential investment (42:26) “Every stock that we buy has something working against it” (44:23) Why Jenny considers leverage and return on invested capital as critical quality measurements (46:17) Summit Street’s qualitative and quantitative valuation methodology (49:25) Summit Street’s research and evaluation process for potential investments (52:53) Why models are so useful for testing your assumptions (55:36) Jenny’s approach to exiting a position (58:59) The importance of using guardrails to force investment discipline (1:02:35) Jenny’s opinion on the growth of passive investing and its effect on the practice of value investing (1:05:29) Why Jenny believes that the fee race to the bottom for exchange-traded fund (ETF) products are not necessarily good for investors (1:09:25) The façade of diversity being offered by ETFs (1:10:45) The opportunities created by ETFs for active managers by ETFs (1:16:11) And much more!    Mentioned in this Episode: Meredith Trivedi, Managing Director, Heilbrunn Center for Graham and Dodd Investing The Heilbrunn Center for Graham & Dodd Investing Events Summit Street Capital Management Benjamin Graham and David L. Dodd’s Book | Security Analysis Benjamin Graham’s Book | The Intelligent Investor    Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Today’s conversation is with Tom Russo, the master of consumer brand investing, and two of our best students, Jeffrey Johnson and Michael Allison. We’re talking about the 5x5x5 Student Investment Fund and having a deep discussion about some of the specific stocks in the portfolio. The concept for the 5x5x5 fund came out of Tom’s concern that conventional investment funds for students offered limited learning potential due to their short-term nature and was made possible by a generous gift given by him and his wife, Georgina. The 5x5x5 fund is run by the students of the Value Investing course at Columbia Business School, with ideas being submitted by the students each year. Students then have the opportunity to connect value-oriented investment theories to real-world practice as they participate in the management of the fund. Importantly, they are also connected with alumni and are afforded valuable networking opportunities. At the end of five years, the inflation-adjusted original amount is invested back into the fund and any other gains will be used to support scholarships for traditionally under-represented members of the class. On this episode, Tom, Jeff, Mike, and I discuss how the 5x5x5 Student Investment Fund got started, how this fund differs from student funds at other schools, what goes into the investment decisions, how participation in the fund benefits students, why some of this year’s investments were selected, and so much more!   Key Topics: The 5x5x5 nature of the student value investing fund (2:24) The multiple benefits to be derived from the fund (3:29) How 5x5x5 will become self-funding (4:01) The investment selection process (4:34) Why Tom is proud of the tough questions raised by students (5:28) Why it’s so important to monitor how your original thesis is playing out (5:46) Some of the notable investments in the history of the portfolio (6:07) How student participation in the fund can lead to important networking opportunities (6:50) A deep dive into some of the companies in the fund (8:30) Why Tom is excited about the poor performance of the international stocks in the portfolio (11:01) The five stocks that made it into the portfolio this year (13:15) Jeff’s pitch for adding Booking Holdings to the 5x5x5 portfolio (14:09) The business model and competitive advantages of Booking Holdings (15:19) How Booking Holdings differentiates itself from Expedia (19:24) What Booking Holdings is investing its free cash flow into (21:45) Why Jeff chose to pitch Booking Holdings (22:57) Jeff’s analysis of Booking Holdings’ valuation (24:53) What you can learn by comparing where an industry is in relation to GDP (26:08) The growth potential of Booking Holdings’ Airbnb-type listings (30:24) Mike’s pitch for adding Becle, S.A.B. de C.V. (“Cuervo”) to the 5x5x5 portfolio (31:56) How the limited supply of blue agave is impacting Cuervo’s valuation (33:16) The governance, ownership structure and long-term growth potential of Cuervo (37:53) Why the tequila industry is experiencing such consistent growth (39:33) Mike’s analysis of Cuervo’s valuation (44:39) The story behind the acquisition of Bushmills whiskey (48:02) Winter Li’s pitch for adding Rollins to the 5x5x5 portfolio (51:41) Rollins’ competitive advantages (52:56) Winter’s analysis of Rollins’ valuation (53:58) And much more! Mentioned in this Episode: 5x5x5 Student Investment Fund Jeffrey Johnson’s Pitch of Booking Holdings Michael Allison’s Pitch of Cuervo Winter Li’s Pitch of Rollins Louisa Serene Schneider’s interviews of Warren Buffett Booking Holdings Inc Becle, S.A.B. de C.V. Bushmills   Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Today’s conversation is with international value investor, Jean-Marie Eveillard. As portfolio manager of the Société Générale International Fund, later becoming the First Eagle Global Fund, where he returned an annualized 15% for over 25 years. In 2001, Jean-Marie and co-manager Charles de Vaulx were named Morningstar International Stock Fund Managers of the Year and later in 2003, Jean-Marie was chosen as one of the two inaugural awardees of the Morningstar Fund Manager Lifetime Achievement Award. Shortly after starting as an analyst with Société Générale, Jean-Marie became exposed to Ben Graham and the principles of value investing. Despite his passion and insights, it was many years before he was given the position of portfolio manager and finally able to put those principles to work. During his tenure as portfolio manager, Jean-Marie has been at the helm during some of the most challenging times for value investors. His ability to adapt his investment approach to the changing conditions has been key in his ability to produce above average results.  On this episode, Jean-Marie and I talk about his changing roles over his years at Société Générale and then First Eagle, why he was so intrigued by Ben Grahams and Warren Buffet’s investment approaches, the lessons he learned about client management while his fund was underperforming compared to market, and so much more!   Key Topics: How one good course experience started Jean-Marie on the path to a career in the investment world (2:32) Jean-Marie’s role at Société Générale’s New York branch (5:45) Jean-Marie’s first introduction to Ben Graham (6:44) Why Ben Graham’s writings on investing helped Jean-Marie find his own investment approach (7:07) The changing perspectives on frameworks in academic finance in the 1970s (8:45) Jean-Marie’s disappointing return to the Société Générale head office in Paris (12:11) How Jean-Marie finally got the opportunity to manage a fund himself (14:25) The process Jean-Marie used to identify and value potential investments when he took over his first fund (17:54) Why the 1970s and 1980s were particularly good periods to take a traditional value investing approach (19:59) The differences between the traditional Ben Graham approach and the Munger-Buffet approach (21:42) Why Jean-Marie prefers the Munger-Buffet approach to value investing (22:21) The lesson Jean-Marie learned after buying Lindt & Sprüngli stock (23:39) One of the drawbacks with holding overvalued stocks under the Munger-Buffet approach (26:59) Why humility is important for a successful money management career (28:50) The client management mistake Jean-Marie made in the late 1990s (31:49) The growth of the First Eagle Global Fund from $15 million to $6 billion between 1987 and 1997 (32:42) Jean-Marie’s perspective on investing in tech stocks (35:56) The impact of the bursting of the NASDAQ on the fund (40:06) Why Jean-Marie’s move to advisor of the fund was so short-lived (41:22) How the fund benefitted from its holdings in the Bank for International Settlements (42:40) Why Jean-Marie believes that value investors should pay closer attention to the macro-economic environment (47:31) The challenges posed to balance sheet-focused investors by the growth of the service-based economy (52:22) Why Jean-Marie’s first step in assessing a company is to closely review the accounting numbers (55:37) The changing future of value investing (58:17) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode:  Jean-Marie Eveillard’s Book | Value Investing Makes Sense First Eagle Investment Management First Eagle Global Fund Benjamin Graham and David L. Dodd’s Book | Security Analysis Benjamin Graham’s Book | The Intelligent Investor William White’s April 2006 Paper | Is Price Stability Enough? Sidney Homer and Richard Sylla’s Book | A History of Interest Rates   Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Today’s conversation is with the Chairman of Davis Advisors, Christopher Davis. Christopher oversees approximately $30 billion of client assets worldwide. Christopher currently serves as CEO and Portfolio Manager and Davis Advisors continues to be recognized as     a leading independent investment management firm and one which wholeheartedly embodies the basic principles of value investing. Christopher received an early education from his father and grandfather who shared their passion and enthusiasm for investing and business with the family but when it came time to start university, he decided to go in a completely different direction. From veterinary school to seminary, Christopher took the long way around before settling into a career in investing. From his first job at the State Street Bank, Christopher quickly found his own passion and has thrived in the field for the past 30 years. On this episode, Christopher and I talk about the impact his family had on him on a young age, the importance of finding the right investing style for you, why he placed so much importance on developing a strong accounting foundation, why Wall Street needs to embrace globalization, his approach to assessing competitive advantage, and so much more!   Key Topics: How Christopher was impacted from an early age by his father and grandfather’s natural curiosity and passion for business (2:13) Why Christopher believes a lot of people get turned off of the investment business (3:53) Why curiosity is key in building knowledge and experience (4:46) The importance of finding the investment style that resonates with you (5:26) The winding path Christopher took before starting his career in investing (6:58) Why Christopher decided that working at a bank was the best first step into the investing profession (8:58) What Christopher learned as an early employee of Tanaka Capital Management during the S&L crisis (10:24) Christopher’s decision to switch his focus to insurance and financial services (11:00) The particular advantage in the insurance industry for investors who can gain insight from the accounting choices companies make (12:57) The management culture Christopher looks for in insurance companies (14:07) The often-overlooked value of business model stability in the financial services industry (15:10) Christopher’s transition to Davis Advisors and the joining of the family firms (18:42) From breaking the third-generation stigma to leading the firm (20:05) How investing with the idea of owner earnings became a core philosophy at Davis Advisors (23:08) The drawbacks of rules-based accounting systems versus principles-based accounting systems (27:34) Why Christopher believes we're in a period of extreme disconnect between what financial statements show and the underlying reality of many businesses (28:27) The importance of correctly assessing a business’s competitive advantages (30:55) Christopher’s approach to assessing the durability of a competitive advantage (31:50) How technology has created advantages of scale in the financial services industry (38:33) Two big trends Christopher expects to play out within the next 20 years (39:54) Why the distinctions of domestic, international and emerging markets are becoming less relevant today (41:22) Finding investment opportunities where there’s a disconnect between perception and reality (42:19) The importance of recognizing opportunities for investors in foreign markets (43:35) Christopher’s approach to business valuation (51:27) How Christopher’s firm views and evaluates a business’s management (53:15) What you can learn from studying a business’s alumni (55:13) Why Christopher is such a strong advocate for active management (59:38) And much more! Mentioned in this Episode: Christopher Davis’ Firm | Davis Advisors Davis New York Venture Fund Davis Financial Fund Davis Global Fund Graham Tanaka, President of Tanaka Capital Management Kent Daniel and Tobias Moskowitz’s Article | Momentum Crashes Thanks for Listening!  Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu.   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Today’s conversation is with investor David Abrams, who was described by the Wall Street Journal as a “one man wealth machine.” David is the CEO and Portfolio Manager of Abrams Capital, an investment firm that he founded in 1999. Abrams Capital is unlevered and long-term oriented and currently holds over $9 billion in assets under management. David is notoriously private and is not keen on interviews and appearances so I’m especially grateful to him for sharing with us today.  After graduating with a BA in History from the University of Pennsylvania, David made an unplanned entrance into a career in investing. It was then that he discovered his love for the field and he went on to work with another value investing legend, Seth Klarman of the Baupost Group, before starting his own firm. David is a member of the Board of Trustees of Berklee College of Music and an overseer of the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania. On this episode, David and I discuss how his experience working on merger and risk arbitrage transactions led to his decision to join the Baupost Group, what it was like to start Abrams Capital in the midst of economic uncertainty, why David prefers a generalist approach, the importance of the fundamentals in assessing investment opportunities, and so much more!  Key Topics: How David got into investing after completing a BA in History (2:58) David’s experience with his first job in the investment world (3:45) David’s decision to join The Baupost Group and expand his expertise beyond arbitrage (7:01) Why David took a year off after leaving The Baupost Group (9:37) What it was like to start Abrams Capital on the heels of the stock market crash in 1998 (11:12) Why David wanted to have a broad mandate for Abrams Capital (12:54) The key factors to examine when analyzing the fundamental economics of a potential investment opportunity (14:11) The importance of forming judgments and using qualitative analysis rather than solely relying on the numbers (16:17) How the current market tolerance for risk and uncertainty has changed compared to 20-30 years ago (18:01) The increasing value of human and intellectual capital (19:42) Why an increased risk appetite and tolerance for failure is beneficial for the markets (20:26) The advantages and disadvantages of being a generalist (21:18) Why you always need to consider the position of the other side of the market (22:32) The assessments David uses to determine the fundamental value of a company (24:13) The impact of the relentless forces of competition on investment decisions (26:37) How the presence of catalysts affects investment requirements (28:53) David’s approach to developing a successful relationship with a company’s management team (29:56) Why exiting investments isn’t always a straightforward process (34:32) How David develops his investment wish list (36:55) How traveling helps David’s keep a broad perspective and outlook on various industries (39:06) The relationship between conviction and position sizing for David (40:51) David’s approach to industry diversification, currency risk, and hedging (41:26) Why David made the decision not to use leverage in his portfolio (44:02) Does the state of the economy at large factor into David’s investment process? (45:44) David’s perspective on the future of value investing and the asset management industry (49:09) And much more! Mentioned in this Episode: David Abrams’ Firm | Abrams Capital Rob Copeland’s Wall Street Journal Article | Hedge-Fund World's One-Man Wealth Machine Seth Klarman, CEO of the Baupost Group    Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Today’s conversation is with one of the finest intellectual investors and academic at heart, Michael Mauboussin. Michael is the Director of Research at BlueMountain Capital Management in New York and was formerly the Head of Global Financial Strategies at Credit Suisse and Chief Investment Strategist at Legg Mason Capital Management.  While rising to the top in his corporate career, Michael authored three books, including my favorite, More Than You Know: Finding Financial Wisdom in Unconventional Places, which was named one of the best business books by Businessweek and which features prominently in today’s show. Michael has been an adjunct professor of finance at Columbia Business School since 1993 and is on the faculty of the Heilbrunn Center for Graham and Dodd Investing. He is also Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Santa Fe Institute, a leading center for multi-disciplinary research in complex systems theory. On this episode, Michael and I talk about the early epiphany he had that set him on the path to Chief U.S. Investment Strategist, the importance of teaching value investing alongside psychology, the main contributors to investment bias, the importance of cognitive diversity, the top three techniques you can use to mitigate against bias in your investment processes, and so much more!   Key Topics: The epiphany Michael had from reading Creating Shareholder Value early in his Wall Street career (3:32) Why we should teach value investing in a way that includes both finance and psychology (5:38) How Michael’s focus on strategy and valuation issues helped him move from food analyst to Chief U.S. Investment Strategist at Credit Suisse (7:02) Why analyzing the investment process has been an underlying theme throughout Michael’s career (7:30) The three aspects to consider when examining how biases get incorporated into market valuations (9:54) The effect of market structure on the incorporation of biases (11:45) The conditions which have to be in place for the wisdom of crowds to operate efficiently (12:13) Why market prices don’t directly reflect information (14:05) The impact of financial institutions on the workings of the economy at large (16:04) Why cognitive diversity leads to better decision-making for complex issues (17:33) Applying the Diversity Prediction Theorem (18:47) What the Asch experiment teaches us about biased decision-making (22:07) The surprising neurological findings behind the results of the Asch experiment (24:56) Value investing means being a contrarian and a calculator (26:52) The difference between experience and expertise (28:36) How technology has led to “the expert squeeze” (31:17) Our thoughts on the future of machine-learning versus human judgment for investment decision-making (34:15) The important difference between outcome and process (36:25) Why you should audit your processes as an investor, even when you’re doing well (38:10) Using a base rate to incorporate an outside view into your investment decisions (40:52) How a pre-mortem helps you to identify bias and weaknesses by triggering the interpreter in your brain (43:57) Applying red teaming to investment process analysis and decision-making (46:28) Translating the margin of safety into decision processes (47:30) The types of scenarios which are well-suited to routinizing (51:24) Michael’s thoughts on passive investing (53:12) And much more! Mentioned in this Episode: Michael Mauboussin’s Website Michael Mauboussin’s Books BlueMountain Capital Management Alfred Rappaport’s Book | Creating Shareholder Value: A Guide for Managers and Investors Journal Articles: Franklin Allen | Do Financial Institutions Matter? Solomon E. Asch | Opinions and Social Pressure Sanford J. Grossman and Joseph E. Stiglitz | On the Impossibility of Informationally Efficient Markets Scott Page, Leonid Hurwicz Collegiate Professor of Complex Systems, Political Science, and Economics, The University of Michigan Daniel Kahneman, Professor of Psychology and Public Affairs Emeritus at the Woodrow Wilson School, the Eugene Higgins Professor of Psychology Emeritus at Princeton University Michael Gazzaniga, Director of the SAGE Center for the Study of Mind at the University of California, Santa Barbara Benjamin Graham’s Book | The Intelligent Investor: The Definitive Book on Value Investing. A Book of Practical Counsel   Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Today’s conversation is with the master of consumer brand investing, Tom Russo. Tom is the Managing Member of Gardner Russo & Gardner LLC, Partner at Semper Vic partnerships, and he oversees more than $9 billion through separately managed accounts and Semper Vic partnerships. Tom is also a board member of the Heilbrunn Center for Graham & Dodd Investing at Columbia Business School. Growing up in Janesville, Wisconsin, home of the Parker Pen Company, Tom saw first-hand the impressive prospects of family-controlled consumer brand with global appeal. Since then, he has become well-known as the go-to person for all things consumer brands. Whether you’re wondering about the development of a beer business in Africa or the strategy for developing a brand in a new market, Tom’s three decades of experience has given him extraordinary insight. On this episode, Tom and I dive into how he developed his investment philosophy, what he learned about investing during his early years before starting his career, the huge impact Warren Buffet had on his career and specializations, the main investment principles Tom follows, what you need to consider about a company before investing, why under-spending is a key risk factor Tom looks out for, and so much more!   Key Topics: How Tom’s early experiences while growing up in Janesville, Wisconsin influenced his thinking and perspectives (2:47) Why Tom believes in challenging ideas and continuous evaluation (4:21) The importance of considering multiple angles and opinions to mitigate risk (6:27) What Tom learned about himself as an investor in his first jobs after Dartmouth (7:52) Tom’s introduction to Warren Buffett and the concept of value investing while studying at Stanford (10:41) How Tom’s investment philosophy developed (12:21) Why you need to consider a company’s management structure and incentives in determining whether to invest (14:17) The two main investment principles Tom learned from Warren Buffett (15:58) Why Tom decided to focus on investing in family-controlled, international, consumer brands (17:06) The fascinating history behind evolving consumer habits (18:16) The connection between consumer brands and population and prosperity (19:15) How the long-term perspective of family-controlled companies can reduce agency costs (21:28) What Tom considers in assessing the ability of a company to succeed in a new international market (26:08) What we can learn from Home and Garden TV about the value of investing in full-force to facilitate long-term profits (31:36) Why Tom has high confidence in the power of specialization (35:40) How Tom approaches the issue of maintaining alignment with management (38:04) Why you need to be aware of the blind spots you may develop based on specialized expertise (39:56) How Tom analyzes a company’s valuation to determine the best time to invest and when to exit (42:42) How much does regulatory risk factor into Tom’s investment decisions? (49:32) Why Tom is concerned about the risks associated with Brexit (50:30) Tom’s approach to investing in companies in emerging markets (56:01) Tom’s thoughts on the future of value investing (59:06) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode: Jack McDonald, The Stanford Investors Professor of Finance, Emeritus Benjamin Graham’s Book | The Intelligent Investor: The Definitive Book on Value Investing. A Book of Practical Counsel Warren Buffett, CEO of Berkshire Hathaway   Thanks for Listening! Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu. Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Today’s conversation is with the legendary Mario Gabelli, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of GAMCO Investors, Inc., the firm he founded in 1977. A 1965 summa cum laude graduate of Fordham University's College of Business Administration, he also holds an M.B.A. from Columbia Business School, and honorary doctorates from Fordham University and Roger Williams University.   Since starting his firm Mario has been called “a prophet in the wilderness” by Forbes and strongly believes that the small, neglected stocks are where the money is going to be made in the future. With a focus on strong research and flexibility, it’s this foundation that has allowed the fund to successfully generate returns for clients even when facing a headwind in the market.   From his management technique to his investment rationale, Mario shares his perspective and strategies for maintaining positive results in an ever-evolving marketplace. On this episode, we talk about how Mario started out as a researcher, the benefits of a niche research focus, why it’s so crucial to build accumulated knowledge in your industries of focus, how Mario identifies investment and growth opportunities, and so much more!   Key Topics: Mario shares how he first became interested in Graham and Dodd’s investing principles (2:45) The early career opportunities that steered Mario’s research focus (3:19) How Mario ended up starting his own firm at the bottom of a major economic downturn (4:27) The market response to Mario’s niche research focus at his firm (5:38) How the private market value and catalyst concepts came about (8:00) The important lesson Mario learned on a research trip to Toronto in 1977 (10:55) Why Mario uses a global approach to master the dynamics of change in an industry (12:53) Mario’s management techniques for working with super-specialized analysts (14:49) When did the Gabelli Asset Fund and the Gabelli Growth fund get started? (18:30) How Mario identifies and connects political and industry events with investment and growth opportunities (20:22) The approach Mario uses for managing clients and the firm’s positioning under difficult market conditions (24:39) Mario’s perspective on the effect of economic cycles in various industries (29:39) The factors behind the decision to invest talent and funds into specific industries while staying away from others (33:10) The changes that Mario expects to see in the business and economic models based on the current market activity and projections (36:07) Mario’s thoughts on the evolution of public markets (40:15) Why multiple sustainability is Mario’s biggest concern currently (42:59) Mario’s advice to people interested in starting companies (45:35) And much more!   Mentioned in this Episode: GAMCO Investors, Inc Barron’s Roundtables   Thanks for Listening!   Be sure to subscribe on Apple, Google, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts.  And feel free to drop us a line at valueinvesting@gsb.columbia.edu   Follow the Heilbrunn Center on social media on Instagram, LinkedIn, and more!

Tom Russo is the Managing Member of Gardner Russo & Gardner, where he manages $11 billion in a long only, global value strategy. Tom buys the stock of global consumer businesses with great brands and holds them for a really long time. He looks for businesses with a capacity to reinvest free cash flow and a capacity to suffer through short-term pain in order to achieve long-term gain. Tom started his investment career at the Sequoia Fund in New York, where he worked from 1984 to 1988. His first partnership, Semper Vic Partners, has compounded at 14.6% per year for 33 years, besting the S&P 500 by 3.6% per annum. Tom is a graduate of Dartmouth College (B.A., 1977), and Stanford Business and Law Schools (JD/MBA, 1984). He has served on Dean's Advisory Council for Stanford Law School, Dartmouth College's President's Leadership Council, and the Advisory Board for the Heilbrunn Center for Graham & Dodd Investing at Columbia Business School, as well as on the boards of the Winston Churchill Foundation of the U.S., Facing History and Ourselves, and Storm King Art Center. Our conversation covers how Tom created an investment strategy by personalizing early lessons from Warren Buffett, the capacity to re-invest, the capacity to suffer, and what it takes to own a stock for decades.  Tom’s time horizon and fortitude as an investor parallels those of institutions with permanent capital. Listeners will get a fresh perspective on what it means to be a long-term investor Learn More   Discuss show and Read the Transcript   Join Ted's mailing list at CapitalAllocatorsPodcast.com   Join the Capital Allocators Forum   Write a review on iTunes   Follow Ted on twitter at @tseides   For more episodes go to CapitalAllocatorsPodcast.com/Podcast

El 6 de junio de 2018 tuvo lugar en la Fundación Rafael del Pino el diálogo entre Francisco García Paramés, gestor de inversiones, y Tano Santos, catedrático David L. and Elsie M. Dodd de Finanzas y co-director del Heilbrunn Center for Graham and Dodd Investing de la Escuela de Negocios de la Universidad de Columbia, sobre “Cómo competir en los mercados de inversión. El presente y el futuro del Value Investing”. A la hora de analizar la filosofía de inversión que subyace en el Value Investing, Tano Santos señaló que se trata de una integración coherente entre el método de valoración de una compañía y un conocimiento profundo del modelo de negocio de la misma. Una segunda característica tiene que ver con la utilización de la información de forma eficiente, porque no toda la información tiene el mismo valor ni debe tener la misma ponderación, ya que hay cosas que son más relevantes que otras. La tercera es una idea muy distinta de lo que es el riesgo, puesto que el inversor en valor vive obsesionado por la idea de conservar el capital. La última, es la preocupación constante sobre porqué si el inversor piensa que una compañía vale doscientos, el mercado piensa que vale cien y le da una oportunidad de invertir. Esto es algo fundamental porque lo que caracteriza a los mercados financieros es que nadie tiene nunca la información completa. Para García Paramés, la inversión en valor es lo que ha hecho cualquier inversor de éxito en los tres o cuatro mil últimos años. Lo que ocurre en el siglo XX es que eso se ha formalizado algo más, aunque no varía mucho respecto a lo que se ha hecho siempre. Se trata de intentar encontrar activos infravalorados, con una capacidad de generación de caja superior a la que está reconociendo el mercado. Después hay que evaluar la información, entender por qué se piensa que ese activo está infravalorado. Una vez que se comprende, viene lo más difícil del proceso, que es comprar. En todo ello hay que tener siempre en cuenta que el hombre tiene unos sesgos que le hacen tomar decisiones incorrectas, además de que le gusta estar en el rebaño. Lo que hace un inversor en valor es poner esas características a su favor, con esos descuentos de caja, con esas valoraciones, y saber tomar la decisión de invertir. Tano Santos lo expresa de otra forma. Según él, lo que quiere el inversor de valor es contar con un método de valoración que le permita tener el viento a favor. Este método esta diseñado para que la condición de partida sea que el viento va a ayudar porque el inversor sabe dónde están los riesgos y toma posiciones para que si se producen sorpresas, éstas sean positivas. Al respecto, García Paramés aclara que no hay un solo método de inversión en valor, sino que hay muchas maneras de hacer las cosas. A él le parece más sensato comprar compañías con PER 8 ó 9 que con 15 ó 16, porque con las primeras es más sencillo adivinar el futuro debido a que el plazo temporal es más corto. Cuando se invierte por debajo de PER 10 el inversor pone el viento a su favor. Para encontrar ideas de inversión hay varios sistemas de búsqueda, explica Tano Santos. El primero es ordenar los activos disponibles de acuerdo con una determinada métrica, como el PER y la ratio de beneficios, y analizar porqué están infravalorados cuando tienen buenos ratios de beneficios, dado que ese conjunto de activos ofrece buenos rendimientos. El segundo es ver lo que hacen los buenos inversores, copiar a la gente lista y que tiene experiencia en el sector en que compra. Esta gente no para de leer, no solo los periódicos, sino historia económica y de negocios porque contiene una experiencia enorme de empresas que triunfaron. Se aprende mucho de estas cosas porque lo esencial de un negocio cambia mucho menos de lo que se cree. Por último, hay que ir hacia el fuego. Cuando un país vive una crisis financiera, o un sector sufre cambios regulatorios, aparece una enorme volatilidad de que la que pueden surgir oportunidades de negocio. A lo que García Paramés añade que le gusta ver los valores que más han caído todos los días, ver que sucede ahí y a partir de eso empezar a construir una cartera. A la hora de valorar una empresa, para Tano Santos la discusión sobre el modelo de negocio es absolutamente central. García Paramés, en cambio, indica que lo que hay que ver a lo largo del tiempo es el grado de confianza en que los flujos de caja van a estar ahí. En la mayoría de los negocios el entorno cambia. Puede haber una barrera de entrada que proviene de la calidad de la compañía en el entorno, pero eso puede cambiar en el futuro. Esa calidad es lo que da al flujo de caja solidez y calidad. Lo esencial que da el hacer un análisis competitivo es la seguridad sobre el flujo de caja que vamos a utilizar en nuestro cargo y que el precio a pagar por la empresa sea razonable. Tano Santos matiza, al respecto, que, en muchas ocasiones, es difícil ver cuál es la ventaja competitiva que tiene una compañía, pero hay cosas que se pueden ver, por ejemplo, la estabilidad de los márgenes operativos, que no sufren con el ciclo económico. Por ejemplo, si la fracción de ventas es estable en el conjunto de la fracción de ventas de la industria. O el saber que una empresa intentó saltar la barrera de entrada de un mercado y no pudo. Cuando uno ve una gran compañía y piensa en invertir en ella, uno quiere tener claro cuáles son esas ventajas competitivas y tener claro cual es el múltiplo que quiere pagar por ella. Además, cuando se habla de ventajas competitiva, cambia la idea del riesgo. El riesgo que a uno le debe preocupar es cualquier innovación tecnológica, regulatoria, etc., que compromete esas ventajas competitivas. Esta metodología le va informando a uno de los riesgos de los que debe protegerse. En este mismo sentido, García Paramés explica que se trata de que el riesgo sea viable y de que el resultado bata a la inflación. Asumiendo que no hay disrupción, las compañías con una ventaja competitiva alta tienen una estabilidad en los resultados mucho más alta que las que tienen una ventaja competitiva baja, o que las ‘commodities’. Por lo que se refiere a la influencia de la macroeconomía a la hora de invertir, García Paramés indicó que a él le influye relativamente, porque depende de factores políticos que normalmente son normalmente impredecibles y, al final, hay que elegir unos valores sea cual sea el escenario, porque es difícil prever lo que va a pasar. En cambio, Tano Santos, cree que es importante estar alerta de las cuestiones macroeconómicas, para evitar que a los inversores les coja una crisis por sorpresa, como les sucedió a muchos de ellos con la crisis financiera internacional. Hay que utilizar la información macro para cubrirse de riesgos. Lo que no está tan claro es cómo integrarla de forma coherente en una cartera o en un proceso de inversión. La segunda parte del diálogo estuvo centrada en los cambios que se han producido en los mercados después de la Gran Recesión. Tano Santos comentó al respecto que ha habido una enorme cantidad de cambios regulatorios que tienen como consecuencia una redistribución del capital a otros agentes menos regulados, que no están preparados para hacer las cosas que los bancos llevan haciendo mucho tiempo y esto va a generar distorsiones. Por ejemplo, la acumulación de efectivo en las empresas, debido a los cambios regulatorios, que tiene que gestionarse como si fueran fondos de inversión. Además, la gestión activa ha perdido reputación, de forma notable e injustificada, al tiempo que se ha producido el crecimiento de la gestión pasiva, que consiste básicamente en dejar que la máquina haga las cosas. Ahora bien, una cierta regulación no quita que hay que hacer lo que hay que hacer, que es encontrar activos infravalorados, explica García Paramés. En algunos sectores, la regulación incide más y ata más a los gestores. Esa mala imagen del sector financiero hace que se esté desarrollando la gestión pasiva porque ha habido abusos y excesos de comisiones, muchas veces ocultas. También hay que tener en cuenta que estamos en ocho años de mercado alcista. Hay que ver lo que pasa cuando se produzca el primer vaivén del mercado y los fondos caigan. En ese momento, indica Santos, habrá que tener la fortaleza mental de tirarse a la piscina cuando todo el mundo esté saliendo de ella y contar con capital para invertir. A lo García Paramés añade que es mucho más fácil encontrar valor en esas situaciones que mantener a los clientes. Por eso, en su gestora hacen una labor educativa, explicando muy bien lo que hacen, pare que cuando lleguen esos momentos el cliente esté tranquilo. Respecto al futuro de la inversión, García Paramés estima que la gestión pasiva está aquí para quedarse, así que no se sabe qué cuota de mercado tendrá. Lo que hace la gestión pasiva es amplificar las tendencias, distorsiones y situaciones anómalas de infravaloración y sobrevaloración de activos. Y Santos aclara que los rendimientos de analizar la información tienen que subir, lo que va a poner un tope a cuánto va a subir la gestión pasiva. En este sentido, el activismo de los inversores es una cosa que tiene que llegar a Europa en general, porque puede ser una fuente de rendimientos altos en un entorno en el que los rendimientos son bajos. Hay muchas barreras institucionales para impedir que esto ocurra en Europa, pero es una forma de generar rendimientos. Por último, se refirieron a las medidas de política monetaria adoptadas por los principales bancos centrales para combatir la crisis. Para García Paramés, cuanta menos intervención monetaria se produzca, más sano es el mercado. Además, tiene la sensación de que, afortunadamente, la intervención monetaria no se ha reflejado en la economía real. Por ello, si suben los tipos de interés, el impacto no tiene que ser muy negativo. Puede que salgamos de esta sin demasiadas heridas, opina. A su vez, Santos añade que el impacto monetario en los rendimientos se ha exagerado un poco. Los rendimientos bajos responden a fundamentales como cuestiones de ahorrar más a largo plazo invirtiendo en activos, pero la cantidad de activos negociados en el mundo no ha crecido de manera sustancial, con lo que ha habido un incremento sustancial de demanda, pero no de oferta. ¿Por qué? Porque hay compañías fuertemente apalancadas que no pueden emitir y porque las nuevas compañías no necesitan capital, no necesitan emitir nada. No se genera papel y hay que invertir en lo ya existente, lo que genera rendimientos relativamente bajos.

El 6 de junio de 2018 tuvo lugar en la Fundación Rafael del Pino el diálogo entre Francisco García Paramés, gestor de inversiones, y Tano Santos, catedrático David L. and Elsie M. Dodd de Finanzas y co-director del Heilbrunn Center for Graham and Dodd Investing de la Escuela de Negocios de la Universidad de Columbia, sobre “Cómo competir en los mercados de inversión. El presente y el futuro del Value Investing”. A la hora de analizar la filosofía de inversión que subyace en el Value Investing, Tano Santos señaló que se trata de una integración coherente entre el método de valoración de una compañía y un conocimiento profundo del modelo de negocio de la misma. Una segunda característica tiene que ver con la utilización de la información de forma eficiente, porque no toda la información tiene el mismo valor ni debe tener la misma ponderación, ya que hay cosas que son más relevantes que otras. La tercera es una idea muy distinta de lo que es el riesgo, puesto que el inversor en valor vive obsesionado por la idea de conservar el capital. La última, es la preocupación constante sobre porqué si el inversor piensa que una compañía vale doscientos, el mercado piensa que vale cien y le da una oportunidad de invertir. Esto es algo fundamental porque lo que caracteriza a los mercados financieros es que nadie tiene nunca la información completa. Para García Paramés, la inversión en valor es lo que ha hecho cualquier inversor de éxito en los tres o cuatro mil últimos años. Lo que ocurre en el siglo XX es que eso se ha formalizado algo más, aunque no varía mucho respecto a lo que se ha hecho siempre. Se trata de intentar encontrar activos infravalorados, con una capacidad de generación de caja superior a la que está reconociendo el mercado. Después hay que evaluar la información, entender por qué se piensa que ese activo está infravalorado. Una vez que se comprende, viene lo más difícil del proceso, que es comprar. En todo ello hay que tener siempre en cuenta que el hombre tiene unos sesgos que le hacen tomar decisiones incorrectas, además de que le gusta estar en el rebaño. Lo que hace un inversor en valor es poner esas características a su favor, con esos descuentos de caja, con esas valoraciones, y saber tomar la decisión de invertir. Tano Santos lo expresa de otra forma. Según él, lo que quiere el inversor de valor es contar con un método de valoración que le permita tener el viento a favor. Este método esta diseñado para que la condición de partida sea que el viento va a ayudar porque el inversor sabe dónde están los riesgos y toma posiciones para que si se producen sorpresas, éstas sean positivas. Al respecto, García Paramés aclara que no hay un solo método de inversión en valor, sino que hay muchas maneras de hacer las cosas. A él le parece más sensato comprar compañías con PER 8 ó 9 que con 15 ó 16, porque con las primeras es más sencillo adivinar el futuro debido a que el plazo temporal es más corto. Cuando se invierte por debajo de PER 10 el inversor pone el viento a su favor. Para encontrar ideas de inversión hay varios sistemas de búsqueda, explica Tano Santos. El primero es ordenar los activos disponibles de acuerdo con una determinada métrica, como el PER y la ratio de beneficios, y analizar porqué están infravalorados cuando tienen buenos ratios de beneficios, dado que ese conjunto de activos ofrece buenos rendimientos. El segundo es ver lo que hacen los buenos inversores, copiar a la gente lista y que tiene experiencia en el sector en que compra. Esta gente no para de leer, no solo los periódicos, sino historia económica y de negocios porque contiene una experiencia enorme de empresas que triunfaron. Se aprende mucho de estas cosas porque lo esencial de un negocio cambia mucho menos de lo que se cree. Por último, hay que ir hacia el fuego. Cuando un país vive una crisis financiera, o un sector sufre cambios regulatorios, aparece una enorme volatilidad de que la que pueden surgir oportunidades de negocio. A lo que García Paramés añade que le gusta ver los valores que más han caído todos los días, ver que sucede ahí y a partir de eso empezar a construir una cartera. A la hora de valorar una empresa, para Tano Santos la discusión sobre el modelo de negocio es absolutamente central. García Paramés, en cambio, indica que lo que hay que ver a lo largo del tiempo es el grado de confianza en que los flujos de caja van a estar ahí. En la mayoría de los negocios el entorno cambia. Puede haber una barrera de entrada que proviene de la calidad de la compañía en el entorno, pero eso puede cambiar en el futuro. Esa calidad es lo que da al flujo de caja solidez y calidad. Lo esencial que da el hacer un análisis competitivo es la seguridad sobre el flujo de caja que vamos a utilizar en nuestro cargo y que el precio a pagar por la empresa sea razonable. Tano Santos matiza, al respecto, que, en muchas ocasiones, es difícil ver cuál es la ventaja competitiva que tiene una compañía, pero hay cosas que se pueden ver, por ejemplo, la estabilidad de los márgenes operativos, que no sufren con el ciclo económico. Por ejemplo, si la fracción de ventas es estable en el conjunto de la fracción de ventas de la industria. O el saber que una empresa intentó saltar la barrera de entrada de un mercado y no pudo. Cuando uno ve una gran compañía y piensa en invertir en ella, uno quiere tener claro cuáles son esas ventajas competitivas y tener claro cual es el múltiplo que quiere pagar por ella. Además, cuando se habla de ventajas competitiva, cambia la idea del riesgo. El riesgo que a uno le debe preocupar es cualquier innovación tecnológica, regulatoria, etc., que compromete esas ventajas competitivas. Esta metodología le va informando a uno de los riesgos de los que debe protegerse. En este mismo sentido, García Paramés explica que se trata de que el riesgo sea viable y de que el resultado bata a la inflación. Asumiendo que no hay disrupción, las compañías con una ventaja competitiva alta tienen una estabilidad en los resultados mucho más alta que las que tienen una ventaja competitiva baja, o que las ‘commodities’. Por lo que se refiere a la influencia de la macroeconomía a la hora de invertir, García Paramés indicó que a él le influye relativamente, porque depende de factores políticos que normalmente son normalmente impredecibles y, al final, hay que elegir unos valores sea cual sea el escenario, porque es difícil prever lo que va a pasar. En cambio, Tano Santos, cree que es importante estar alerta de las cuestiones macroeconómicas, para evitar que a los inversores les coja una crisis por sorpresa, como les sucedió a muchos de ellos con la crisis financiera internacional. Hay que utilizar la información macro para cubrirse de riesgos. Lo que no está tan claro es cómo integrarla de forma coherente en una cartera o en un proceso de inversión. La segunda parte del diálogo estuvo centrada en los cambios que se han producido en los mercados después de la Gran Recesión. Tano Santos comentó al respecto que ha habido una enorme cantidad de cambios regulatorios que tienen como consecuencia una redistribución del capital a otros agentes menos regulados, que no están preparados para hacer las cosas que los bancos llevan haciendo mucho tiempo y esto va a generar distorsiones. Por ejemplo, la acumulación de efectivo en las empresas, debido a los cambios regulatorios, que tiene que gestionarse como si fueran fondos de inversión. Además, la gestión activa ha perdido reputación, de forma notable e injustificada, al tiempo que se ha producido el crecimiento de la gestión pasiva, que consiste básicamente en dejar que la máquina haga las cosas. Ahora bien, una cierta regulación no quita que hay que hacer lo que hay que hacer, que es encontrar activos infravalorados, explica García Paramés. En algunos sectores, la regulación incide más y ata más a los gestores. Esa mala imagen del sector financiero hace que se esté desarrollando la gestión pasiva porque ha habido abusos y excesos de comisiones, muchas veces ocultas. También hay que tener en cuenta que estamos en ocho años de mercado alcista. Hay que ver lo que pasa cuando se produzca el primer vaivén del mercado y los fondos caigan. En ese momento, indica Santos, habrá que tener la fortaleza mental de tirarse a la piscina cuando todo el mundo esté saliendo de ella y contar con capital para invertir. A lo García Paramés añade que es mucho más fácil encontrar valor en esas situaciones que mantener a los clientes. Por eso, en su gestora hacen una labor educativa, explicando muy bien lo que hacen, pare que cuando lleguen esos momentos el cliente esté tranquilo. Respecto al futuro de la inversión, García Paramés estima que la gestión pasiva está aquí para quedarse, así que no se sabe qué cuota de mercado tendrá. Lo que hace la gestión pasiva es amplificar las tendencias, distorsiones y situaciones anómalas de infravaloración y sobrevaloración de activos. Y Santos aclara que los rendimientos de analizar la información tienen que subir, lo que va a poner un tope a cuánto va a subir la gestión pasiva. En este sentido, el activismo de los inversores es una cosa que tiene que llegar a Europa en general, porque puede ser una fuente de rendimientos altos en un entorno en el que los rendimientos son bajos. Hay muchas barreras institucionales para impedir que esto ocurra en Europa, pero es una forma de generar rendimientos. Por último, se refirieron a las medidas de política monetaria adoptadas por los principales bancos centrales para combatir la crisis. Para García Paramés, cuanta menos intervención monetaria se produzca, más sano es el mercado. Además, tiene la sensación de que, afortunadamente, la intervención monetaria no se ha reflejado en la economía real. Por ello, si suben los tipos de interés, el impacto no tiene que ser muy negativo. Puede que salgamos de esta sin demasiadas heridas, opina. A su vez, Santos añade que el impacto monetario en los rendimientos se ha exagerado un poco. Los rendimientos bajos responden a fundamentales como cuestiones de ahorrar más a largo plazo invirtiendo en activos, pero la cantidad de activos negociados en el mundo no ha crecido de manera sustancial, con lo que ha habido un incremento sustancial de demanda, pero no de oferta. ¿Por qué? Porque hay compañías fuertemente apalancadas que no pueden emitir y porque las nuevas compañías no necesitan capital, no necesitan emitir nada. No se genera papel y hay que invertir en lo ya existente, lo que genera rendimientos relativamente bajos.

El 17 de mayo de 2018 tuvo lugar en la Fundación Rafael del Pino el diálogo sobre “El crecimiento del populismo, la polarización y el nacionalismo: causas y consecuencias”, en el que participaron Jesús Fernández Villaverde, catedrático de Economía en la Universidad de Pensilvania; Luis Garicano, catedrático de Economía y Estrategia y director del Centro de Economía Digital de la IE Business School, y Tano Santos, catedrático David L. and Elsie M. Dodd de Finanzas y co-director del Heilbrunn Center de la Universidad Columbia. Para Tano Santos, el populismo es un lenguaje, una forma de comunicación, para formar una mayoría a la que luego dotar de contenido. Sus propuestas de política económica se caracterizan por poner el énfasis en las medidas a corto plazo, en detrimento del largo plazo que es cuando afloran los costes de esas decisiones. El problema, al respecto, es que los políticos tienden a desviarse y pensar a corto plazo. Además, cuando se establecen reglas, como, por ejemplo, la independencia de la política monetaria, el populismo las critica y dice que esas reglas van en contra de la voluntad del pueblo, sin hablar de las consecuencias que puede deparar su supresión. Jesús Fernández Villaverde, por su parte, destaca que el populismo tiene un discurso bien estructurado, en el que establece una diferencia clara entre las élites, a las que acusa de tratar de extraer rentas, y el pueblo, que es quien sufre. Esta visión de un discurso alternativo es importante porque explica el comportamiento del populismo. Por ejemplo, si se habla de regulación financiera y monetaria, el populismo dirá que todo ello es para favorecer a los ricos, con lo que eliminará esa regulación y los objetivos a largo plazo que se persiguen con ella. El problema que acarrea todo ello es que hay retos a largo plazo, como la demografía y el cambio climático, en los que la forma de abordarlos se ve constreñida por la respuesta que plantean los populistas a los mismos. Y eso constituye un elemento de preocupación ya que la nueva normalidad en Europa durante los próximos veinte años es que ningún partido en ningún país va a tener mayoría absoluta. Luis Garicano añadió a las características del populismo la existencia de un líder carismático, un líder que dice representar la voluntad del pueblo. A Garicano, además, le preocupa que estemos a punto de que las cosas se tuerzan en Occidente a causa de los populismos. También le preocupa la falta de reacción de la gente que tendría que reaccionar ante estos fenómenos, como en los casos de Cataluña o de Donald Trump. Todo ello constituye un objeto de preocupación porque las barreras contra este tipo de problemas son mucho más débiles de lo que pensamos, sobre todo cuando hay actores que niegan la legitimidad del sistema y que son desleales a la Constitución del mismo. En este sentido, Tano Santos recuerda que las instituciones están diseñadas para proteger a la sociedad frente a la arbitrariedad del poder. Por eso, lo primero que quieren los populistas es destruir esas instituciones, puesto que la voluntad del líder máximo no acepta cortapisas. Jesús Fernández Villaverde distingue dos tipos de populismo: aquellos que cuentan con una estrategia y aquellos otros que carecen de ella. Los independentistas tienen una estrategia, que articula un camino de actuación. Los populismos como el de Trump no la tienen, lo cual lo hace más impredecible, pero menos peligroso, porque no sabe muy bien lo que quiere. Luis Garicano añade, al respecto, que en el populismo hay unos intelectuales que tienen un plan, frente a los cuales hay unas élites que no hacen lo que tienen que hacer. Por lo que se refiere a los factores comunes que explican, Luis Garicano explica que mucha gente piensa que lo que subyace al populismo es un fenómeno cultural. Sin embargo, si el populismo aparece en todas partes, y mientras en unos sitios es de izquierdas en otros es de derechas, el sustrato, entonces, tiene que ser económico, no tanto cultural. A causa del cambio tecnológico y de la globalización, hay segmentos de la clase media que sienten temor ante el futuro. En este contexto, la tribu tiene mucho sentido cuando se siente una necesidad común. Jesús Fernández Villaverde reconoce el efecto del cambio tecnológico, pero también en los elementos culturales, puesto que las normas sociales cambian. Además, existe un factor común muy importante: la inmigración. Cuando la desigualdad crece, aparecen personas que culpan de ello a los inmigrantes y quieren volver a situaciones anteriores en las que los inmigrantes no estaban. Tano Santos matiza que todos estos cambios afectan a la gente de forma muy desigual. Hay personas a las que el cambio tecnológico les favorece, por su formación y conocimientos, mientras que hay un porcentaje de la población que vive con ansiedad las consecuencias de estos cambios y demandan más seguridad, en forma de más estado del bienestar, más políticas sociales, etc. Esta parte tecnológica también es importante a la hora de formar identidades. La polarización es consecuencia de este cambio tecnológico, que hace que la gente se conecte y se polarice. Jesús Fernández Villaverde advierte de que estas cosas pueden desarrollarse a lo largo de veinte o treinta años, pero las consecuencias a largo plazo no son fáciles de ver. Por eso, Luis Garicano estima que hay que liderar el futuro y proteger a los ciudadanos de esta incertidumbre. La polarización coincide con las redes sociales, pero también con los nuevos medios no tienen toda la información. Tano Santos añade que hay que repensar el estado del bienestar, que debe estar diseñado para afrontar estas cosas. Fernández Villaverde concluye que hay que estar alerta ante el deterioro de las instituciones: no se trata de reprimir el discurso populista, sino de proteger las instituciones.

El 17 de mayo de 2018 tuvo lugar en la Fundación Rafael del Pino el diálogo sobre “El crecimiento del populismo, la polarización y el nacionalismo: causas y consecuencias”, en el que participaron Jesús Fernández Villaverde, catedrático de Economía en la Universidad de Pensilvania; Luis Garicano, catedrático de Economía y Estrategia y director del Centro de Economía Digital de la IE Business School, y Tano Santos, catedrático David L. and Elsie M. Dodd de Finanzas y co-director del Heilbrunn Center de la Universidad Columbia. Para Tano Santos, el populismo es un lenguaje, una forma de comunicación, para formar una mayoría a la que luego dotar de contenido. Sus propuestas de política económica se caracterizan por poner el énfasis en las medidas a corto plazo, en detrimento del largo plazo que es cuando afloran los costes de esas decisiones. El problema, al respecto, es que los políticos tienden a desviarse y pensar a corto plazo. Además, cuando se establecen reglas, como, por ejemplo, la independencia de la política monetaria, el populismo las critica y dice que esas reglas van en contra de la voluntad del pueblo, sin hablar de las consecuencias que puede deparar su supresión. Jesús Fernández Villaverde, por su parte, destaca que el populismo tiene un discurso bien estructurado, en el que establece una diferencia clara entre las élites, a las que acusa de tratar de extraer rentas, y el pueblo, que es quien sufre. Esta visión de un discurso alternativo es importante porque explica el comportamiento del populismo. Por ejemplo, si se habla de regulación financiera y monetaria, el populismo dirá que todo ello es para favorecer a los ricos, con lo que eliminará esa regulación y los objetivos a largo plazo que se persiguen con ella. El problema que acarrea todo ello es que hay retos a largo plazo, como la demografía y el cambio climático, en los que la forma de abordarlos se ve constreñida por la respuesta que plantean los populistas a los mismos. Y eso constituye un elemento de preocupación ya que la nueva normalidad en Europa durante los próximos veinte años es que ningún partido en ningún país va a tener mayoría absoluta. Luis Garicano añadió a las características del populismo la existencia de un líder carismático, un líder que dice representar la voluntad del pueblo. A Garicano, además, le preocupa que estemos a punto de que las cosas se tuerzan en Occidente a causa de los populismos. También le preocupa la falta de reacción de la gente que tendría que reaccionar ante estos fenómenos, como en los casos de Cataluña o de Donald Trump. Todo ello constituye un objeto de preocupación porque las barreras contra este tipo de problemas son mucho más débiles de lo que pensamos, sobre todo cuando hay actores que niegan la legitimidad del sistema y que son desleales a la Constitución del mismo. En este sentido, Tano Santos recuerda que las instituciones están diseñadas para proteger a la sociedad frente a la arbitrariedad del poder. Por eso, lo primero que quieren los populistas es destruir esas instituciones, puesto que la voluntad del líder máximo no acepta cortapisas. Jesús Fernández Villaverde distingue dos tipos de populismo: aquellos que cuentan con una estrategia y aquellos otros que carecen de ella. Los independentistas tienen una estrategia, que articula un camino de actuación. Los populismos como el de Trump no la tienen, lo cual lo hace más impredecible, pero menos peligroso, porque no sabe muy bien lo que quiere. Luis Garicano añade, al respecto, que en el populismo hay unos intelectuales que tienen un plan, frente a los cuales hay unas élites que no hacen lo que tienen que hacer. Por lo que se refiere a los factores comunes que explican, Luis Garicano explica que mucha gente piensa que lo que subyace al populismo es un fenómeno cultural. Sin embargo, si el populismo aparece en todas partes, y mientras en unos sitios es de izquierdas en otros es de derechas, el sustrato, entonces, tiene que ser económico, no tanto cultural. A causa del cambio tecnológico y de la globalización, hay segmentos de la clase media que sienten temor ante el futuro. En este contexto, la tribu tiene mucho sentido cuando se siente una necesidad común. Jesús Fernández Villaverde reconoce el efecto del cambio tecnológico, pero también en los elementos culturales, puesto que las normas sociales cambian. Además, existe un factor común muy importante: la inmigración. Cuando la desigualdad crece, aparecen personas que culpan de ello a los inmigrantes y quieren volver a situaciones anteriores en las que los inmigrantes no estaban. Tano Santos matiza que todos estos cambios afectan a la gente de forma muy desigual. Hay personas a las que el cambio tecnológico les favorece, por su formación y conocimientos, mientras que hay un porcentaje de la población que vive con ansiedad las consecuencias de estos cambios y demandan más seguridad, en forma de más estado del bienestar, más políticas sociales, etc. Esta parte tecnológica también es importante a la hora de formar identidades. La polarización es consecuencia de este cambio tecnológico, que hace que la gente se conecte y se polarice. Jesús Fernández Villaverde advierte de que estas cosas pueden desarrollarse a lo largo de veinte o treinta años, pero las consecuencias a largo plazo no son fáciles de ver. Por eso, Luis Garicano estima que hay que liderar el futuro y proteger a los ciudadanos de esta incertidumbre. La polarización coincide con las redes sociales, pero también con los nuevos medios no tienen toda la información. Tano Santos añade que hay que repensar el estado del bienestar, que debe estar diseñado para afrontar estas cosas. Fernández Villaverde concluye que hay que estar alerta ante el deterioro de las instituciones: no se trata de reprimir el discurso populista, sino de proteger las instituciones.

Thomas A. Russo joined Gardner Russo & Gardner LLC as a partner in 1989. In 2014, he became the Managing Member of the firm. Gardner Russo & Gardner LLC is a registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and is not associated with any bank, security dealer or other third party. Mr. Russo serves as Managing Member of Gardner Russo & Gardner LLC and of Semper Vic Partners GP, LP, which oversees two “global value”, long-only, equity investment partnerships, the first of which Mr. Russo founded in 1983. Mr. Russo oversees more than $12 billion distributed between Semper Vic partnerships and separate accounts managed in parallel fashion. Mr. Russo looks for companies with strong cash-flow characteristics that generate large amounts of “free” cash flow. These industries typically have included branded food and beverage, tobacco, and advertising-supported media. Mr. Russo's portfolio companies tend to produce high rates of return on their assets and have strong balance sheets. The challenge comes in finding these obviously desirable investments at compelling valuations. Mr. Russo commits capital to leading global consumer products companies whose brands enjoy growing market shares in parts of the world undergoing economic growth and enjoying increasing political stability. He prefers companies with sufficient cash flows from existing operations, combined with balance-sheet strength, to underwrite investments designed to activate emerging markets. Mr. Russo backs rare management teams willing to invest to secure robust future returns even when such investments burden current reported profits. Mr. Russo believes that managements of family-controlled companies have the “capacity to suffer” when investments intended to build long-term wealth are ill-received by short-term focused Wall Street analysts. Mr. Russo believes that such “capacity to suffer” leaves family-controlled companies often uniquely well positioned to bear short-term burdens on reported profits in pursuit of long-term gains in intrinsic value. Accordingly, he often invests in public companies where founding families still retain control and significant investment exposure, to reduce management agency costs and to align owner interests. Mr. Russo's goal is one of an absolute return rather than a relative return. He pursues a long-term investment objective of compounding assets between 10 and 20 percent per year without great turnover, thereby deferring capital gains tax on unrealized gains. Thomas Russo is a graduate of Dartmouth College (BA, 1977), and Stanford Business and Law Schools (MBA/JD, 1984). Memberships include Dean's Advisory Council for Stanford Law School, Dartmouth College's President's Leadership Council, and California Bar Association. Mr. Russo is a charter member of the Advisory Board for the Heilbrunn Center for Graham & Dodd Investing at Columbia Business School. He serves on the boards of the Winston Churchill Foundation of the U.S., Facing History and Ourselves, and Storm King Art Center. In May 2017, he was awarded The Graham & Dodd, Murray, Greenwald Prize for Value Investing.

Tom Russo is the Managing Member of Gardner Russo & Gardner, where he manages $11 billion in a long only, global value strategy. Tom buys the stock of global consumer businesses with great brands and holds them for a really long time. He looks for businesses with a capacity to reinvest free cash flow and a capacity to suffer through short-term pain in order to achieve long-term gain. Tom started his investment career at the Sequoia Fund in New York, where he worked from 1984 to 1988. His first partnership, Semper Vic Partners, has compounded at 14.6% per year for 33 years, besting the S&P 500 by 3.6% per annum. Tom is a graduate of Dartmouth College (B.A., 1977), and Stanford Business and Law Schools (JD/MBA, 1984). He has served on Dean's Advisory Council for Stanford Law School, Dartmouth College's President's Leadership Council, and the Advisory Board for the Heilbrunn Center for Graham & Dodd Investing at Columbia Business School, as well as on the boards of the Winston Churchill Foundation of the U.S., Facing History and Ourselves, and Storm King Art Center. Our conversation covers how Tom created an investment strategy by personalizing early lessons from Warren Buffett, the capacity to re-invest, the capacity to suffer, and what it takes to own a stock for decades.  Tom’s time horizon and fortitude as an investor parallels those of institutions with permanent capital. Listeners will get a fresh perspective on what it means to be a long-term investor For more episodes go to CapitalAllocatorsPodcast.com/Podcast Write a review on iTunes Follow Ted on twitter at @tseides Join Ted’s mailing list at CapitalAllocatorsPodcast.com   Show Notes 3:20 – How the spark got lit for Tom to become a value investor             3:54 – The Sharpe Ratio  6:26 – Family and personal background 8:03 – Move to consumer brands 12:06 – Key tenants to investing in consumer brands             12:26 – Family controlled             14:04 - Capacity to reinvest             15:17 - Capacity to suffer 19:10 – Portfolio turnover and the investment in Heineken 22:46 – Position sizing when portfolio turnover is so low 25:08 – Opportunity costs and behavioral finance 28:58 – Benefits of insider insights 31:02 – The capacity of Tom's investors to suffer 34:00 – What is happening today with the investor base and their capacity to suffer 36:07 – The structure of Tom's strategy vs. a more a diversified portfolio 37:28 – Sitting on investment committees 38:02 – Comparing Tom's decision-making process to Warren Buffett's 40:29 – Case study of Wells Fargo 44:21 – Does reputational damage impact the ability to reinvest 47:04 – Tom's research process and the importance of listening 49:46 – How Tom keeps track of nuggets in everyday conversations 51:00 – Closing questions