Podcasts about american colleges

Although I believe that transference interpretation is the core mechanism of change in psychoanalysis, I don't believe it's the only mechanism. I think there are other things that go on too. I also think that alongside the transference relationship, there's a real relationship. The final chapter of the book is titled "A Cure by Love", and I do think that in the real relationship between patient and analyst, something happens. People speak of corrective emotional experiences. I believe that they occur, but I also believe that for them to really bring about change, you need to analyze them. You need to understand what has happened between you. This comes back to the question of countertransference enactment. Countertransference enactments are inevitable. They're not a bad thing, they're an inevitability. What would be a bad thing would be if they went unnoticed and unanalysed. So, there are opportunities. This is the sort of thing that my analysis was about. A core part of it was about my desire to connect with my father in a way that I never was able to achieve. This countertransference enactment, it's accurately described as that, but it's also diminished if it's only described as that. That was one of many opportunities for me to understand my own transference, but also it was a real thing that happened between me and him, which made me feel that he cared for me.  Then again, this is real, and it's grist for the mill of understanding why it means so much."  Episode Description: Mark shares with us aspects of his personal story, his analysis, his neuropsychology research and two clinical examples. He describes how neuroscience has discovered the mind "much like the one Freud sketched out in the first decades of the 20th century...merely by listening closely to what his patients told him." He reports on the impact of his brother's brain injury on his later interest in neuropsychology as well as his childhood conflicts over surpassing him. Regarding the issue of cure, we note both the importance of his identification with his analyst, which reflected his trying to reach his distant father, as well as the value of being able to recover traumatic memories. We consider the centrality of consciousness in the study of the brain, "Unless we adjust our research methods to accommodate subjective experience, we shall never understand how the brain works." Mark shares with us his current efforts to create an AI agent that has access to some version of 'feelings'. We discuss a patient who, through transference reliving of childhood trauma, was able to live a freer life and how dynamic treatment uniquely provides a sleeper effect whereby self-awareness and improvement continues after the treatment is completed. He closes "Looking back over my decades of involvement with psychoanalysis, I believe I can honestly recommend it as a way of thinking and working and being. There's something very powerful about the notion that, simply by attending closely to the feelings and memories of another person - the seemingly inconsequential details of a life - we can gain insights not only into their inner worlds, but into the deep structure of all souls."   Linked Episodes: https://ipaoffthecouch.org/2024/10/20/episode-168-psychoanalysis-and-the-working-through-of-a-vineyards-slave-history-with-mark-solms-phd-cape-town/   Our Guest: Mark Solms, PhD is a member of the British Psychoanalytical Society and the American and South African Psychoanalytic Associations. He is Director of Neuropsychology at the Neuroscience Institute of the University of Cape Town and honorary lecturer in Neurosurgery at St Bartholomew's and Royal London Hospital Medical School. He is an Honorary Fellow of the American College of Psychiatrists, the director of the Science Department of APsA and director of Training for SAPA. He has received numerous honors and awards, including the Sigourney Prize. He has published 400 scientific papers, and nine books, the latest being The Only Cure (2026). He is the authorized editor and translator of the Revised Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (24 volumes) and the forthcoming Complete Neuroscientific Works of Sigmund Freud (4 volumes).  Recommended Readings:  Solms, M. (2026) Did Strachey falsely scientize Freud? Psychoanalytic Psychology, 43: 249-257   Solms, M. (2024) The mechanism of change in the 'talking cure': A neuropsychoanalytic perspective. In S. Gullestad, E. Stänicke, M. Leuzinger-Bohleber (eds.), Psychoanalytic Studies of Change: An Integrative Perspective, London: Routledge, pp. 114-127.   Lee, T. & Solms, M. (2023) Managing the clinical encounter with patients diagnosed with personality disorder in a general psychiatry setting: key contributions from neuropsychoanalysis. British Journal of Psychiatry Advances, doi: 10.1192/bja.2023.43   Solms, M. (2023) Freud's error. In F. Busch & N. Delgado (eds.) The Ego and the Id: 100 Years Later. London: Routledge, pp. 1-13.   Solms, M. (2022) Revision of Freud's theory of the biological origin of the Oedipus complex. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 90: 555-581.   Solms, M. (2021) Revision of drive theory. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 69, 1033-1091. DOI: 10.1177/00030651211057041   Solms, M. (2021) The Hidden Spring: A Journey to the Source of Consciousness. New York: W.W. Norton, London: Profile Books.   Solms, M. (2020) New project for a scientific psychology. Neuropsychoanalysis, 22: 5-35.    Solms M. (2019) The Hard Problem of Consciousness and the Free Energy Principle. Frontiers of Psychology, 10: 2714. 

Today, I'm honored to reconnect with fan favorite, Dr. Tom Dayspring. Dr. Dayspring is a fellow of both the American College of Physicians and the National Lipid Association, and is certified in internal medicine and clinical lipidology with extensive experience in perimenopause and menopause management. He has been a frequent contributor and educator at Everyday Wellness. In this episode, we discuss labs that help to monitor changes in insulin resistance (specifically the LPIR score), the clinical practice limitations Dr. Dayspring believes stem from a lack of humility, and aspects of women's medical histories that may indicate greater heart disease risk. We examine statin therapy and other treatment modalities, premature menopause and cardiovascular disease risks, Lp(a) as the primary inherited risk factor for heart disease, and current guidelines, treatment goals, and recommendations. Dr. Dayspring also shares his thoughts on estrogen patch shortages and oral estradiol therapy challenges with elevated triglycerides. As always, this is an invaluable conversation with Dr. Tom Dayspring. Stay tuned for an upcoming podcast with Dr. Dayspring, where we'll focus on lipids and brain health. IN THIS EPISODE, YOU WILL LEARN: Lipoprotein changes and how they can reveal insulin resistance before fasting insulin or glucose begin to rise Why someone can be insulin resistant while showing normal triglyceride levels The importance of looking at a woman's broader medical history to find potential cardiovascular risk signals Why premature menopause and premature ovarian failure should be taken seriously as cardiovascular and long-term health risk factors How Lp(a) is the most inherited risk factor for atherosclerotic heart disease across the population Why women may benefit from repeat Lp(a) testing around the menopausal transition What clinicians may address when Lp(a) is elevated, including other modifiable cardiovascular risk factors Oral estrogen may have a beneficial effect on Lp(a). How epidemiological evidence has linked endometriosis with heart disease Why Dr. Dayspring recommends checking ApoB when triglycerides are elevated Connect with Cynthia Thurlow   Follow on X, Instagram & LinkedIn Check out Cynthia's website. Submit your questions to support@cynthiathurlow.com  Join other like-minded women in a supportive, nurturing community: The Midlife Pause/Cynthia Thurlow.  Purchase Cynthia's book, The Menopause Gut. Cynthia's Intermittent Fasting Transformation Book The Midlife Pause Supplement Line Connect with Dr. Tom Dayspring On X (@DrLipid) LinkedIn

This week we're traveling around the region, moving from the Red Sea to the Balkans.While the Iran war has disrupted energy flows through the Strait of Hormuz, the world's attention shifted to another major global chokepoint at the mouth of the Red Sea this past week, the Bab-el Mandeb Strait, as Iran-backed Houthi rebels tighten their grip over this strategic maritime route and threaten Saudi Arabia's oil exports.With the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab-el Mandeb Strait under threat, the world is bracing for a potential squeeze on oil prices, while the US appears to be sitting this one out, so far declining to intervene on Saudi Arabia's behalf.The Houthi attacks are also the first test for the new Mecca Agreement, the defense pact between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan. While all eyes are on the Red Sea, tensions have been quietly brewing in the Aegean, where Turkey is once again ramping up its provocations. We've seen Turkey engage in new airspace violations, provoke with the announcement of controversial marine parks, slam Greece's recent defense deal with Israel as an attempt to “encircle” Turkey, and this week Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan absurdly called Greece's defense of its Aegean islands a “threat”.Looking to Greece's north, the Western Balkans are coming under the spotlight again after Serbia's President Alexandar Vucic, who has been in power as ‌president or prime minister for 12 years, dissolved parliament and called for snap elections in October. Serbia has been rocked by student-led protests and political turmoil over the last two years, and demands for accountability and change are widespread. This is also raising questions about the EU's commitment to fully integrate the Western Balkans, an effort that has lost momentum over the past years. Could this be an opportunity to use its leverage to promote reform and the resolution of bilateral issues? Some experts think it may be.Aaron David Miller, Constantinos Filis, and James Ker-Lindsay join Thanos Davelis this week as we look into all of these developments, exploring what they mean for Greece and the wider region.A little more info on our guests:Aaron David Miller is a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and expert on the Middle East.Constantinos Filis is an associate professor at the American College of Greece and director of its Institute of Global Affairs.Professor James Ker-Lindsay is an expert on the EU, the Balkans, and Southeast Europe.You can support The Greek Current by joining HALC as a member here.

Treatment stacking is all over social media, but dermatologists have been combining aesthetic treatments in a single visit for decades. In this episode of The Skin Real, Dr. Mary Alice Mina sits down with her friend and fellow Mohs surgeon Dr. Sarah Arron of Premier Aesthetic Dermatology in San Carlos, California, to break down what stacking really means and how it works in practice. Dr. Arron explains how she plans a stack around three domains: structure, texture, and color. She covers why the order of treatments matters, from IPL before a non-ablative laser to building volume with filler before adding a biostimulator. She also explains why heat and superficial skin boosters don't mix, and why an ablative CO2 laser should stand alone. Dr. Arron also shares her acne stack for scarring, and how she helps first-time patients start slowly without feeling overwhelmed. 

Welcome to the latest Midlife Minute. This episode unpacks ongoing research on Lp(a), explores how women's lipids change during the perimenopause-to-menopause transition, and clarifies what we can do about it. Stay tuned for more! IN THIS EPISODE, YOU WILL LEARN: How total cholesterol, LDL, and ApoB tend to rise most steeply around the final menstrual period, rather than increasing gradually with chronological aging Why women should have their Lp(a) checked both before and after menopause How oral and transdermal estradiol can affect LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and Lp(a) differently Why I recommend including ApoB when checking your lipids during the perimenopause window How your lifestyle can reduce your cardiovascular risk, even when your Lp(a) is elevated Why omega-3 fatty acids and commonly used lipid medications do not lower Lp(a) Why supplements are not replacements for statins in genuinely high-risk patients  I review the various PCSK9 inhibitors currently available, how they are administered, and their effects  How a CAC, a CT angiogram, and an AI-assisted CT angiogram can help women and their providers determine how aggressive their approach should be when Lp(a) is elevated Connect with Cynthia Thurlow   Follow on X, Instagram & LinkedIn Check out Cynthia's website. Submit your questions to support@cynthiathurlow.com  Join other like-minded women in a supportive, nurturing community: The Midlife Pause/Cynthia Thurlow.  Purchase Cynthia's book, The Menopause Gut. Cynthia's Intermittent Fasting Transformation Book The Midlife Pause Supplement Line References: 1. Menopause Transition and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Implications for Timing of Early Prevention: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Circulation. 2020. El Khoudary SR, Aggarwal B, Beckie TM, et al.Guideline 2. Menopause: A Cardiometabolic Transition. The Lancet. Diabetes & Endocrinology. 2022. Nappi RE, Chedraui P, Lambrinoudaki I, Simoncini T.Review 3. Dyslipidemia Across the Menopause Transition: Mechanisms, Trajectories, and Opportunities for Cardiovascular Prevention. Maturitas. 2026. Castaneda R, Tatit CP, Hurtado Andrade MD, Faubion SS, Shufelt CL.RecentReview 4. Lipoprotein(a) and Women's Cardiovascular Health: A Review. JACC. Advances. 2026. Michos ED, Saucier S, Mehran R, Koschinsky ML. 5. Lipid Metabolism in Women: A Review. Atherosclerosis. 2025. van Oortmerssen JAE, Mulder JWCM, Kavousi M, Roeters van Lennep JE.Review 6. Are Changes in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Midlife Women Due to Chronological Aging or to the Menopausal Transition?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2009. Matthews KA, Crawford SL, Chae CU, et al.Observational 7. Trajectories of Lipids Around the Menopause Transition in Chinese Women: Results of the Kailuan Cohort Study. Fertility and Sterility. 2023. Dai Q, Wu S, Cao Z, et al. 8. Lipid Management in Patients With Endocrine Disorders: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2020. Newman CB, Blaha MJ, Boord JB, et al.Guideline 9. The Effects of Menopause Hormone Therapy on Lipid Profile in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022. Nie G, Yang X, Wang Y, et al.SR 10. Perspectives on Dyslipidemia and Coronary Heart Disease in Women. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2005. Bittner V.Review 11. Dyslipidemia in Midlife Women: Approach and Considerations During the Menopausal Transition. Maturitas. 2022. Torosyan N, Visrodia P, Torbati T, Minissian MB, Shufelt CL.Review 12. Effects of gender, age and menopausal status on serum apolipoprotein concentrations.13.Lipoprotein(a).The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2025. Mora S, Kronenberg     14. Why, how and in whom should we measure levels of lipoprotein(a): A review of the latest evidence and clinical implications. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 2025. Razavi AC, Bhatia HS, Blumenthal RS, Shapiro MD, Mehta A.RecentReview 15. Red Yeast Rice for Hypercholesterolemia: JACC Focus Seminar. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2021. Cicero AFG, Fogacci F, Zambon A.Review 16. Overall and Sex-Specific Effect of Berberine for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials. Drugs. 2023. Blais JE, Huang X, Zhao JV.SR 17. Non-Genetic Influences on Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations. Atherosclerosis. 2022. Enkhmaa B, Berglund L.Review 18. NHLBI Working Group Recommendations to Reduce Lipoprotein(a)-Mediated Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Aortic Stenosis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2018. Tsimikas S, Fazio S, Ferdinand KC, et al.Review 19. Consumption of a defined, plant‐based diet reduces lipoprotein(a), inflammation, and other atherogenic lipoproteins and particles within 4 weeks. Clinical Cardiology. 2018. Najjar RS, Moore CE, Montgomery BD. 20. Lipoprotein(a): Current Evidence for a Physiologic Role and the Effects of Nutraceutical Strategies. Clinical Therapeutics. 2019. Santos HO, Kones R, Rumana U, et al.Review 21. Effect of Lipid-Lowering Therapies on Lipoprotein(a) Levels: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Atherosclerosis. 2025. Xie S, Galimberti F, Olmastroni E, et al.Recent 22. Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on the Postprandial Metabolism of Apolipoprotein(a) in Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis. 2023. Ying Q, Croyal M, Chan DC, et al.RCT 23.Lipoprotein(a) and Cardiovascular Disease. Lancet. 2024. Nordestgaard BG, Langsted A.Review 24. Lipoprotein(a): A Genetically Determined, Causal, and Prevalent Risk Factor for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2022. Reyes-Soffer G, Ginsberg HN, Berglund L, et al.Guideline 25.Clinical Trial Design for Lipoprotein(a)-Lowering Therapies: JACC Focus Seminar 2/3.Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2023. Malick WA, Goonewardena SN, Koenig W, Rosenson RS.Review 26.2026 ACC/AHA/AACVPR/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Dyslipidemia: A Report of the American Collegeof Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2026. Writing Committee Members, Blumenthal RS, Morris PB, et al.Guideline 27. Noninvasive Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Imaging. JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging. 2023. Kwiecinski J, Tzolos E, Williams MC, et al.Review 28. Computed Tomography Angiography Versus Agatston Score for Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Stable Chest Pain: Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of the International COME-CCT Consortium. European Radiology. 2022. Wieske V, Walther M, Dubourg B, et al.SR 29. Association of Coronary Artery Calcium Score With Qualitatively and Quantitatively Assessed Adverse Plaque on Coronary CT Angiography in the SCOT-HEART Trial. European Heart Journal. Cardiovascular Imaging. 2022. Osborne-Grinter M, Kwiecinski J, Doris M, et al.Clinical Trial 30. AI-Guided Quantitative Plaque Staging Predicts Long-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients at Risk for Atherosclerotic CVD. JACC. Cardiovascular Imaging. 2024. Nurmohamed NS, Bom MJ, Jukema RA, et al.Observational 31. The Lancet Commission on Rethinking Coronary Artery Disease: Moving From Ischemia to Atheroma. Lancet. 2025. Zaman S, Wasfy JH, Kapil V, et al.Review 32. Efficacy and safety of novel lipoprotein(a)‐targeted therapies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 2026. Santana AUL, Yusufzai MO, Freitas APS, et al. Recent Opinion

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other intellectual disabilities have become a hot button topic in both medicine and the news as of late, with recent questions about the multifactorial causes of intellectual disabilities, including genetics. Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician Dr. Kendall Abbas is joined by Liliana Amirhosseini and Zoe Gunthert, two fourth year medical students, to discuss presentation, diagnosis, and management of Fragile X, the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability. Specifically, they will Explain the genetics and pathophysiology leading to the Fragile X phenotype Discuss the clinic characteristics associated with Fragile X, allowing for prompt evaluation and management of the symptoms Share treatment plans and resources available for those with Fragile X and their families Special thanks to Dr. Rebecca Yang and Dr. Sarah Straka for peer reviewing this episode. Free CME available:  Link for CME Credit References: Bailey DB Jr, Raspa M, Bishop E, Holiday D. No change in the age of diagnosis for fragile X syndrome: Findings from a national parent survey. 2009 Aug;124(2):527-533.  Hunter JE, Berry-Kravis E, Hipp H, et al. FMR1 Disorders. 1998 Jun 16 [Updated 2024 May 16]. In: Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2024. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1384/. Mendez A, Mendez M. Fragile X Syndrome: A Review for General Pediatricians. Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(7):e269-e271. doi:10.3928/19382359-20240502-08 Malecki, C., Hambly, B.D., Jeremy, R.W. et al. The RNA-binding fragile-X mental retardation protein and its role beyond the brain. Biophys Rev 12, 903–916 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12551-020-00730-4.  National Fragile X Foundation. Prevalence. https://fragilex.org/understanding-fragile-x/fragile-x-101/prevalence/.  Sirois CL, Guo Y, Li M, et al. CGG repeats in the human FMR1 gene regulate mRNA localization and cellular stress in developing neurons. Cell Rep. 2024;43(6):114330. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114330 Spector, Elaine et al. Laboratory testing for fragile X, 2021 revision: a technical standard of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Genetics in Medicine. 2021;23(5): 799 - 812. doi: 1038/s41436-021-01115-y . 

A diagnosis of cirrhosis can feel overwhelming, but understanding what's happening in your liver—and knowing what you can do to protect your health—can make a meaningful difference. In this episode, Gastro Girl host Jacqueline Gaulin is joined by Jennifer Lai, MD, MBA, a hepatologist at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), for a practical conversation about living with cirrhosis and reducing the risk of complications.   Dr. Lai explains what cirrhosis is, why ongoing monitoring and regular medical care are so important, and how nutrition, physical activity, and maintaining muscle can play an important role in overall health. She also discusses complications people with cirrhosis should be aware of, warning signs that may require medical attention, and how patients can work with their healthcare team to stay as healthy as possible.   In this episode, you'll learn: • What cirrhosis is and what it means for your liver • Why regular monitoring and follow-up care matter • How nutrition and muscle health can affect people with cirrhosis • Common complications of cirrhosis and what to watch for • Practical steps you can take to protect your health • How to stay actively involved in your care   Whether you've recently been diagnosed with cirrhosis, have been living with chronic liver disease for some time, or are caring for someone with cirrhosis, this conversation will help you better understand the condition, know what to expect, and feel more prepared to talk with your healthcare team.   This patient education episode was produced by Gastro Girl in collaboration with the American College of Gastroenterology Patient Care Committee.  

In South Louisiana, hurricane season is treated like a fifth season of the year. Angela C. Johnson explains what that means for physicians and patients. She is an internal medicine physician and member of the American College of Physicians Board of Regents. This episode is based on her article "Physicians and natural disasters: the fifth season," published on KevinMD. You will hear what care looks like inside a medical shelter, where the exam rooms, the records, and the staffing are gone and the work comes back to a doctor and a patient. She describes who ends up in a shelter, why getting people home is its own problem, and why a community without power, water, or open doctor's offices is not ready to take them back. She also tells you what to bring and what to ask your providers before an evacuation, and why she watches storm intensity as closely as the count. Stay to the end for her case that the differences a storm exposes are the ones to work on between storms. This episode is brought to you by ModMed. Welcome to your new AI-Powered Practice from ModMed. We're transforming specialty care by embedding AI Assistants across your entire workflow. Our all-in-one platform of EHR, patient engagement, practice management, and RCM helps reduce repetitive work while keeping you firmly in control. Trained on de-identified data from nearly a billion patient encounters, this isn't just smarter software. It's a new way of working for specialty medicine, more efficient and more connected to the patient experience. Start building your AI-Powered Practice at modmed.com. VISIT SPONSOR → https://www.modmed.com/ SUBSCRIBE TO THE PODCAST → https://www.kevinmd.com/podcast

Welcome to the latest Midlife Minute. Today, I'm answering listeners' questions about cardiovascular risk, focusing on Lp(a), LDL, statins, and the changes women experience after menopause. Stay tuned for more! IN THIS EPISODE, YOU WILL LEARN: Why women should have their Lp(a) checked both before and after menopause How Lp(a) works as a risk enhancer, and how cardiovascular risk becomes more significant when elevated Lp(a) occurs alongside high LDL Why family history is particularly helpful for women with a 10-year calculated cardiovascular risk that looks reassuringly low I review the current guidelines for primary prevention Why, even though research has shown reductions in major cardiac events with GLP-1s, GLP-1s do not replace statins for lowering LDL  What a CAC score can reveal about coronary artery calcification, and what it cannot detect How AI-assisted CT angiography (such as Clearly) can map, quantify, and characterize plaque throughout the coronary branches Connect with Cynthia Thurlow   Follow on X, Instagram & LinkedIn Check out Cynthia's website. Submit your questions to support@cynthiathurlow.com  Join other like-minded women in a supportive, nurturing community: The Midlife Pause/Cynthia Thurlow.  Purchase Cynthia's book, The Menopause Gut. Cynthia's Intermittent Fasting Transformation Book The Midlife Pause Supplement Line References: 1.  ​Lipoprotein(a) and Women's Cardiovascular Health: A Review. JACC. Advances. 2026. Michos ED, Saucier S, Mehran R, Koschinsky ML.Recent 2.  ​Sex Differences of Lipoprotein(a) Levels and Associated Risk of Morbidity and Mortality by Age: The Copenhagen General Population Study. Atherosclerosis. 2022. Simony SB, Mortensen MB, Langsted A, et al. 3. Managing Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Young Adults: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2022. Stone NJ, Smith SC, Orringer CE, et al.Review 4. Thirty-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Healthy Women According to Clinical Thresholds of Lipoprotein(a). JAMA Cardiology. 2026. Nordestgaard AT, Chasman DI, Moorthy V, et al.RecentObservational 5.  ​Lipoprotein(a).The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2025. Mora S, Kronenberg  6. Clinical Practice Guideline on Lipid Management for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction. Department of Veterans Affairs (2026). 2026. Paul Heidenreich, Lance Spacek, Neil Gregor, et al. Guideline 7. Lipoprotein(a) and Family History Predict Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2020. Mehta A, Virani SS, Ayers CR, et al.Observational 8. 2010 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in Asymptomatic Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2010. Greenland P, Alpert JS, Beller GA, et al.Guideline 9. Prevalence and Prognostic Implications of Coronary Artery Calcification in Low-Risk Women. The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2016. Kavousi M, Desai CS, Ayers C, et al.SR 10. ​Coronary Artery Calcium Scores and Risk for Cardiovascular Events in Women Classified as “Low Risk” Based on Framingham Risk Score: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Archives of Internal Medicine. 2007. Lakoski SG, Greenland P, Wong ND, et al.Observational 11. 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2019. Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al.Guideline 12. HOPE for Rational Statin Allocation for Primary Prevention: A Coronary Artery Calcium Picture Is Worth 1000 Words. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2020. Orringer CE, Maki KC.Review 13. Summary of Updated Recommendations for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2020. Cho L, Davis M, Elgendy I, et al.Review 14. Health Maintenance in Postmenopausal Women. American Family Physician. 2025. Plesa M, Wong A, Katsaggelos E.Guideline 15.  ​Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes by Baseline HbA1c and Change in HbA1c in People With Overweight or Obesity but Without Diabetes in SELECT. Diabetes Care. 2024. Lingvay I, Deanfield J, Kahn SE, et al.RCT 16.  ​Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2023. Lincoff AM, Brown-Frandsen K, Colhoun HM, et al.RCT 17. Long-Term Weight Loss Effects of Semaglutide in Obesity Without Diabetes in the SELECT Trial. Nature Medicine. 2024. Ryan DH, Lingvay I, Deanfield J, et al.RCT 18. Interventions for the Prevention and Management of Cardiometabolic Multiple Long-Term Conditions. Lancet. 2026. Valabhji J, Hope D, Sayed NE, et al.RecentReview 19. Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Receptor Agonists and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With and Without Diabetes: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized‐Controlled Trials. Clinical Cardiology. 2024. Hosseinpour A, Sood A, Kamalpour J, et al.SR 20. ​FDA Orange Book. FDA Orange Book. 2026. 21. 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026. Diabetes Care. 2026. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes*.RecentGuideline 22. Premature Coronary Artery Disease in Women: Sex-Specific Risk Factors, Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Annals of Medicine. 2026. Li F, Hong D, Yang M, et al.RecentReview 23. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Women: The Impact of Race and Ethnicity: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023. Mehta LS, Velarde GP, Lewey J, et al.Guideline 24. Preventing CVD in Women: Common Questions and Answers. American Family Physician. 2023. Westfall E, Viere AB, Genewick JE.Review 25. Menopause Transition and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Implications for Timing of Early Prevention: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020. El Khoudary SR, Aggarwal B, Beckie TM, et al.Guideline

There is a lot of conflicting information online about progesterone right now, particularly around whether women need to take it continuously, whether cycling is necessary, and whether progesterone can somehow interfere with estrogen or increase dementia risk. In this conversation, Dr. Phyllis Bronson, Carol Petersen, RPh, CNP, and Jill Chmielewski, RN, BSN, discuss some of the biggest claims circulating about progesterone and hormone therapy. The conversation explores the importance of progesterone, how different delivery methods can affect the way it works in the body, and why dose and individual response matter. They also discuss oral, topical and vaginal progesterone, the role of allopregnanolone, estriol and Bi-Est, and why measuring hormones in the blood doesn't always tell the full story of what is happening at the tissue level. They also tackle one of the biggest current controversies: the idea that continuous progesterone may increase dementia risk. The group discusses the evidence and theories behind this claim, the importance of balancing estradiol with progesterone, and why women need to be cautious about making hormone decisions based on simplified social media messaging. This is a wide-ranging conversation designed to give you more context, more questions to ask, and a deeper understanding of the ongoing debate around women's hormones. In this episode: The truth about continuous vs. cycling progesterone How progesterone works with estrogen in the body Oral, vaginal and transdermal progesterone: what's the difference? The controversy around progesterone and dementia risk Why hormone therapy needs to be individualized based on dose, delivery method and your unique response   About Phyllis Bronson, PhD Phyllis Bronson, Ph.D., holds a doctorate in biochemistry. Her ongoing research involves studying the biological impact of molecules on mood and emotion. Dr. Bronson works with women who have hormone-based mood disorders, utilizing her original research on human identical hormones. She lives in Aspen, Colorado, and is President of Biochemical Consulting and The Biochemical Research Foundation. Dr. Bronson is the author of Moods, Emotions, and Aging: Hormones and the Mind-Body Connection,and has authored many articles, which can be found here. In the Aspen area? On July 27th, the Jewish Community Center in Aspen will be hosting The Great Hormone Conversation with Phyllis and Dr. Alan Altman. For more info or tickets,click here.‍ ‍   About Carol Petersen, RPh, CNP Carol Petersen is an accomplished compounding pharmacist with decades of experience helping patients improve their quality of life through bioidentical hormone replacement therapy. She graduated from the University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy and is a Certified Nutritional Practitioner. Her passion for optimizing health and commitment to compounding is evident in her involvement with organizations including the International College of Integrated Medicine and the American College of Apothecaries, the Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine (A4M), American Pharmacists Association and the Alliance for Pharmacy Compounding.  She was also the founder and first chair for the Compounding Special Interest Group with the American Pharmacists Association. She chairs the Integrated Medicine Consortium, an umbrella group for complementary medicine organizations.   She cohosts a radio program, "Take Charge of Your Health," in the greater New York area. She is on the Medical Advisory Boards for the Centre for Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation Research (CeMCOR.ca) and the Institute for Bioidentical Medicine (IOBIM.org). She also writes and edits for A4M's website www.worldhealth.net and is a co-producer of "Immortality Now" podcasts. Carol offers personal consultations at www.thewellnessbydesignproject.com. About Jill Chmielewski, RN, BSN Jill Chmielewski, a Registered Nurse, Certified Health Coach, Menopause Educator, and Women's Health Advocate with over 30 years of experience in healthcare. Most recently, Jill joined the Balance App team as the U.S. expert. Balance was founded by Dr. Louise Newson and is dedicated to educating and empowering women around the world with evidence-based information, helping them better understand their hormone health and make informed choices for their bodies.

In today's current political and public health climate, the future landscape of healthcare can feel uncertain. Luckily for us, Selena and Brandon had a chance to speak with the current American College of Physicians (ACP) President, Dr. Jan Carney, about how medical students, physicians, and providers can be advocates as individuals and as larger organizations such as the ACP. Long time listeners of Green Mountain Medicine may remember that we interviewed Dr. Carney back in 2019, but while the world has changed dramatically since then, Dr. Carney's dedication to public health has been unwavering.    Co-Hosts on this Episode: Brandon Lawson Selena Henry   Music: Diminished provided by mobygratis Edited by: Daron Forohar   For suggestions, inquiries, or concerns: greenmountainmedicinepodcast@gmail.com

70% of Engagement Comes Down to One Thing. Your Boss.Featuring Burl Stamp, FACHE, President, Stamp and Chase | Author, Becoming a Better BossBefore we get started, sit with this number: 70%. That is how much of employee engagement is determined not by your comp structure, your benefits package, or your culture initiative. It comes down to one thing. The person they report to.Bo sits down with Burl Stamp, former hospital CEO, fellow of the American College of Healthcare Executives, and author of the most timely leadership book in healthcare this year. Burl has spent more than two decades studying what separates the leaders people want to follow from the ones they simply tolerate.

YOU CAN GET HIS NEW BOOK HERE: https://drgreger.org/collections/books Donate to Nutrition Facts https://nutritionfacts.org/donate/ A founding member and Fellow of the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Michael Greger, M.D., is a physician and internationally recognized speaker on nutrition. His science-based nonprofit, NutritionFacts.org , offers a free online portal hosting more than 2,000 videos and articles on myriad health topics. Dr. Greger is a sought-after lecturer and has presented at the Conference on World Affairs and the World Bank, testified before Congress, and was invited as an expert witness in Oprah Winfrey's defense in the infamous “meat defamation” trial. A graduate of Cornell University School of Agriculture and Tufts University School of Medicine. Dr. Greger is also an acclaimed author. How Not to Die, The How Not to Die Cookbook, How Not to Diet, and How Not to Age became instant New York Times Best Sellers. More than a million copies of How Not to Die have been sold. All proceeds Dr. Greger receives from the sales of his books and speaking honoraria are donated directly to charity. Transforming your health is more fun with friends! Join Chef AJ's Exclusive Plant-Based Community. Become part of the inner circle and start simplifying plant-based living - with easy recipes and expert health guidance. Find out more by visiting: https://community.chefaj.com/ ORDER MY NEW BOOK SWEET INDULGENCE!!! https://www.amazon.com/Chef-AJs-Sweet-Indulgence-Guilt-Free/dp/1570674248 or https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/book/1144514092?ean=9781570674242 GET MY FREE INSTANT POT COOKBOOK: https://www.chefaj.com/instant-pot-download MY BEST SELLING WEIGHT LOSS BOOK: https://www.amazon.com/dp/1570674086?tag=onamzchefajsh-20&linkCode=ssc&creativeASIN=1570674086&asc_item-id=amzn1.ideas.1GNPDCAG4A86S Disclaimer: This podcast does not provide medical advice. The content of this podcast is provided for informational or educational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for informed medical advice or care. You should not use this information to diagnose or treat any health issue without consulting your doctor. Always seek medical advice before making any lifestyle changes.

This is a special Ask TheHorse Live bonus episode, revisiting our conversation with Dr. Frank Andrews on the topic of equine hindgut health.Horses commonly experience digestive problems, which can present in a variety of ways from abnormal behavior to weight loss. Frank Andrews, DVM, MS, Dipl. ACVIM, of Louisiana State University, in Baton Rouge, explains common clinical signs that horses with hindgut problems might present with.This podcast is an excerpt of our Ask TheHorse Live Q&A, “Understanding Equine Hindgut Health.” Listen to the full recording here: https://thehorse.com/1128070/understanding-equine-hindgut-health/.About the Expert: Frank M. Andrews, DVM, MS, Dipl. ACVIM, is a graduate of Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine in Pullman, Washington, where he received a DVM and MS. After a year in private veterinary practice, he completed an Equine Medicine and Surgery Residency at The Ohio State University. After 20 years on the faculty at the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, he is currently LVMA Equine Committee Professor and Head of The Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, as well as the Director of the Equine Health and Sports Performance Program at LSU Vet Med. Dr. Andrews is Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Large Animal Internal Medicine. Dr. Andrews' has clinical and research interests in gastric ulcers, gastrointestinal disease, and endocrine diseases and is involved in clinical equine practice and has been doing scientific investigation for over 35 years.

Snoring may be a nuisance, but for some people it can be a sign of obstructive sleep apnea, a common condition that disrupts breathing during sleep and can have serious health consequences if left untreated.In this episode of Health Matters, host Courtney Allison speaks with Dr. Ana Krieger, director of the Center for Sleep Medicine at NewYork-Presbyterian and Weill Cornell Medicine, about what causes snoring, how sleep apnea develops, and why so many people unknowingly live with the condition.Dr. Krieger explains how sleep affects virtually every system in the body, from the brain and cardiovascular system to memory and cognitive function. She discusses common symptoms of sleep apnea, risk factors such as age, weight changes, alcohol use, and menopause, and the importance of testing when symptoms arise.The conversation also explores treatment options ranging from CPAP therapy and dental devices to newer treatment approaches, while offering practical advice for improving sleep hygiene and building habits that support better sleep and long-term health.Chapters00:00 – Snoring, Sleep Apnea, and What Causes ThemWhat happens in the airway during sleep, why people snore, and how sleep apnea develops04:00 – Symptoms and Warning Signs of Sleep ApneaCommon symptoms, hidden signs, risk factors, and why many people don't realize they have sleep apnea06:30 – How Sleep Affects the Brain and BodyThe role of sleep in memory, cognitive function, cardiovascular health, and overall well-being10:45 – Sleep Apnea Treatments and Better Sleep HabitsCPAP therapy, dental devices, newer treatment options, and practical tips for improving sleep hygieneKey Topics CoveredSnoringSleep apneaObstructive sleep apneaSleep disordersSleep studiesSleep testingSleep healthCognitive healthMemory and sleepBrain healthCardiovascular healthAtrial fibrillationSleep deprivationSleep qualityCPAP therapyMandibular advancement devicesSleep apnea treatmentsSleep hygieneInsomnia and stressMenopause and sleep apneaAlcohol and sleepHealthy sleep habitsBreathing during sleepSleep medicineKey TakeawaySnoring is often harmless, but it can also be a sign of sleep apnea, a common condition that affects breathing, sleep quality, and overall health. Recognizing symptoms early, seeking evaluation when needed, and prioritizing healthy sleep habits can help improve sleep, protect brain and heart health, and enhance quality of life.Doctor BioDr. Ana Krieger is director of the Center for Sleep Medicine at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center and Weill Cornell Medicine. She is a professor of clinical medicine in the Departments of Medicine, Neurology and Genetic Medicine and chief of the Sleep Neurology Division in the Department of Neurology at Weill Cornell Medicine. She is a board certified specialist in Sleep Medicine by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.Dr. Krieger also holds board certifications in internal medicine and pulmonary medicine and has a master's degree in global public health with emphasis in healthcare policy and management. Over the past 25 years, Dr. Krieger has been actively involved in providing comprehensive patient care in sleep medicine, overseeing the Center for Sleep Medicine, a group practice that evaluates over 1,000 patients each month in New York City.She is also actively involved in medical and subspecialty education and research. As a clinician scientist, Dr. Krieger is the principal investigator in collaborative multidisciplinary research projects in sleep medicine and has published extensively in the field.Her current research is sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Science Foundation. She serves as Chair of the Mentored to Independence (MTI) K99/R00 grant review committee at the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) at the NIH. Dr. Krieger is an active lecturer, regularly contributing to media efforts aiming at improving sleep health in the population. She is a Robert Wood Johnson Scholar, and Fellow of the New York Academy of Medicine, American College of Chest Physicians and American Academy of Sleep Medicine.

All Home Care Matters and our host, Lance A. Slatton were honored to welcome Dr. Panuganti from Optilume BPH as guest to the show.   About Dr. Panuganti, Urologist and Optliume BPH Consultant:   Dr. Sravan Panuganti is a urologist with Carolina Urology Partners and an assistant professor in urology at the Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine in Spartanburg, S.C.   Dr. Panuganti completed his college education at the University of Pittsburgh. He then went on to medical school at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine and completed his residency in urological surgery at Jefferson New Jersey Hospitals in Southern New Jersey, followed by a fellowship in men's sexual medicine at MD Anderson Cancer Center and University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, Texas. He is also a fellow of the American College of Osteopathic Surgeons.   His specialty interests in urology include benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and erectile dysfunction (ED). He believes in early intervention for BPH and is trained in a variety of treatment options. He lives in Charlotte with his wife, two kids, and dog.   About Optilume BPH:   The Optilume BPH Catheter System is a minimally invasive surgical therapy (MIST) to treat symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Not only is the Optilume BPH procedure safe, effective and easy, it's also a quick outpatient procedure that provides immediate relief without heating, cutting, lasering, steaming or implantation.   It's FDA-approved with proven clinical safety and efficacy results, and my patients have seen strong results – immediate and significant functional improvements. Optilume BPH combines mechanical dilation using a proprietary double-lobe balloon with concurrent localized delivery of paclitaxel to treat lower urinary tract and BPH symptoms. It is owned by global medical technology company Laborie    

Sept. 8, 2026- Democratic state lawmakers are looking to strengthen restrictions on the use of shackles on pregnant women in police custody or a carceral setting. Our guest is Dr. Natalie Whaley, legislative chair for the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists District 2.

Uncontrolled and resistant hypertension is more common than we think. In the second episode of this special three-part series, Dr. Neil Skolnik discusses management strategies, but also explores our new understanding of aldosterone and its stealth role in hypertension. This series is supported with support from AstraZeneca. Please listen to the episodes by clicking on the podcast player below or by freely subscribing to DOC Updates via Apple Podcasts, Amazon Music, Spotify, or your preferred podcast platform. Presented by: Neil Skolnik, MD, Professor of Family and Community Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University; Associate Director, Family Medicine Residency Program, Abington Jefferson Health Payal Kohli, MD, Harvard-educated preventive cardiologist and the Founder and Medical Director of Cherry Creek Heart​ in Aurora Colorado, Associate Adjunct Professor in Cardiology at Johns Hopkins University, and Associate Adjunct Professor in Cardiology at Duke University Selected references: 2025 AHA/ACC/AANP/AAPA/ABC/ACCP/ACPM/AGS/AMA/ASPC/NMA/PCNA/SGIM Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee. Hypertension 2025; 82(10) Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2016;387:957 Efficacy and Safety of Baxdrostat in Uncontrolled and Resistant Hypertension. N Engl J Med 2025;393:1363-74. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2507109 Primary Aldosteronism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2025, 00, 1–43 https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaf284 A Randomized Trial of Intensive versus Standard Blood-Pressure Control. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2103-2116

We take Labor Day seriously around here. Which is to say, "off." We take Labor Day off. Not always, of course. Which undermines the earlier premise. But we're not not doing it today, so who cares? What we are doing is re-running our September 8, 2025 show. And won't you be surprised by how very similar certain parts of the news still are? Here's what we were up to at about this time, one year ago: David Waldman catches us up on the multiple disasters since Friday. Greg Dworkin catches us up on the multiple disasters since Thursday. Boooo! Trump was booooooooed at the US Open. If they don't want to hear boos, they shouldn't invite Trump. Or Winsome Earle-Sears. Tiny hands, deep throat, Donald K. Trump was an FBI Snitch according to Mike Johnson, the last guy anyone would trust to keep a secret. The Miami Herald and New York Times seek to unseal records on Jeffrey Epstein's estate, while we all know that Jeffrey Epstein and everyone on the Epstein list has been brought to you by capitalism. Zohran Mamdanimentum continues as Americans are beginning to see capitalism about as badly as they do Trump. LG Energy specialists squeezed into 90+ day rotations to set up a Hyundai battery plant in Georgia were caught in violation of that "+" part, were belly-chained and hauled out of the country. The plant they were setting up won't be hiring Americans any time soon, thanks to Karen-Republican Mar-a-Lago wannabe Tori Branum. Don't expect to hear more from Branum but do expect a lot more plants to be shut down. The Department of War begins its Midway Blitz, which is not a war, it is simply a police action. Why do so many Republicans think Trump is more liberal than he is? If people die in Florida because of lack of vaccines, it will be a surprise to Florida Surgeon General Ladapo. RFK Jr. will have seen it all coming, as he always does a year or so later. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists will save lives in the future by ignoring the CDC today. Ironically, the owner of one of the most punchable faces in politics, Scott Bessent, keeps wanting to punch others in their faces. This time it was the quite punchable Bill Pulte and for the same reason as Scott picked ever punchable Elon Musk. Scott heard both were bad mouthing him to Donald. Scott almost took Bill out, back there on the cement slab they have over the White House septic tank. E. Jean Carroll won her judgement against Trump again.

On Monday Greek and Israeli officials met in Tel Aviv to sign the largest bilateral defense contract between the two countries, a deal worth just over €3 billion that will see the implementation of the Achilles Shield, Greece's first multi-domain defence dome set to cover all of Greece's territory.It's important to note that this agreement also signals Greece's intent to bolster its own defense industry, a key priority for Athens, with at least 19 Greek companies already involved in the deal and accounting for more than €750 million of the program.Aside from deepening ties on the defense front, this deal builds on a number of key diplomatic initiatives over the past decade that have brought the two countries closer together, and is seen as part of a wider arc of cooperation that ties into initiatives like the 3+1 with Cyprus and the US and IMEC.As the Achilles Shield takes shape, Turkey is ratcheting up tensions in the region, locking horns with Israel over Syria. This Israel-Turkey rivalry is escalating amid profound changes that seem to signal the unraveling of the old US led order in the Middle East, and amid growing concerns in Athens that Ankara could be taking Greek-Turkish ties into a new period of heightened tensions.Developments on the geopolitical side are heating up just as Greece is beginning to take stock of another summer holiday season that could break new records. While many will focus on these record breaking numbers, Kathimerini took a different approach recently, choosing to look back at the early days of tourism in Greece and the decades-long debates that have followed about the value of tourism for the country.John Psaropoulos, Sinan Ciddi, Steven Cook, Alexia Kalaitzi, and Erini Karamouzi join me this week as we explore these issues.A little more info on our guests:John Psaropoulos is an independent journalist, Al Jazeera's correspondent in southeast Europe, and publisher of Hellenica on Substack.Sinan Ciddi is a senior fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies and director of its Turkey program.Steven Cook is the  Eni Enrico Mattei senior fellow for Middle East and Africa studies at the Council on Foreign Relations.Alexia Kalaitzi is an award-winning journalist and features reporter for Kathimerini.Dr. Eirini Karamouzi is a professor of contemporary European history at The American College of Greece and an associate professor of contemporary history at the University of Sheffield in the UK.You can support The Greek Current by joining HALC as a member here.

This Week In Startups is made possible by: Odoo - http://Odoo.com/twist Northwest Registered Agent - https://www.northwestregisteredagent.com/twistdomain Rippling - http://Rippling.ai/twist Today's show: Your doctor almost certainly isn't testing your insulin. Dr. Mark Hyman sits down with Jason to explain the broken system that Function is fixing, and what 100 million biomarkers say about how sick America actually is. Learn why insulin beats blood sugar as an early warning for TKTKTK. Why might "normal" lab ranges be unreliable? PLUS, how does an expert like Dr. Hyman feel about GLP-1s and psychedelics? Guests: Dr. Mark Hyman on X: https://x.com/drmarkhyman Function: https://www.functionhealth.com/ Relevant Links: The Dr. Hyman Show — https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-dr-hyman-show/id1382804627 Function pricing — https://www.functionhealth.com/pricing Ezra — the full-body MRI company Function acquired https://ezra.com/ Galleri (GRAIL) — the multi-cancer early detection blood test — https://www.galleri.com/ Tufts / JACC study — the source of the "93% of Americans have metabolic dysfunction" — https://now.tufts.edu/2022/07/05/only-7-american-adults-have-good-cardiometabolic-health American College of Cardiology — https://www.acc.org/ Dr. Jorge Plutzky — https://www.health.harvard.edu/authors/jorge-plutzky-md OpenEvidence — https://www.openevidence.com/ Stanford Metabolic Psychiatry Clinic — https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2022/11/metabolic-psychiatry.html Stanford Medicine on the ibogaine findings → https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2024/01/ibogaine-ptsd.html Texas SB 2308 — the $50M state investment in ibogaine trials — https://www.texastribune.org/2026/03/31/texas-ibogaine-research-clinical-trials-psychedelics/ Timestamps: 0:00 What Function actually is 6:43 Healthspan vs. sick care 10:16 Odoo - The all-in-one business platform. Your first app is free! Get started today at https://Odoo.com/twist 11:32 A $300 vitamin D test vs. a $10 one 18:08 Should a 25-year-old get a whole-body MRI? 20:42 Northwest Registered Agent - Got a new business idea? Northwest Registered Agent helps you bring it to life. Get a free domain, email, phone number, and more - with no purchase required! Learn more at https://www.northwestregisteredagent.com/twistdomain 24:23 Why medicine is still running on paper 25:41 The study where the chatbot beat the doctors 27:02 micro1, doctors in the loop, and why AI still needs guardrails 28:50 Wearables, records, and the CD-ROM problem 30:07 Rippling - Thanks to our partners at Rippling! Head to https://Rippling.ai/twist and get the only AI built to give you full visibility across your startup and take complex actions across your entire business. 32:51 The wearable that caught Jason's Covid 34:31 Alcohol, sugar, and why almost nobody tests your insulin 40:00 GLP-1s: Jason's 213-to-168 story 42:22 Microdosing GLP-1s, muscle loss, and "skinny fat" 48:48 Overdiagnosing mental illness: SSRIs, Adderall, and a lost decade 50:17 The biology underneath depression and anxiety 54:32 Psychedelics: ketamine, ibogaine, and the second revolution in psychiatry   Subscribe to the TWiST500 newsletter: https://ticker.thisweekinstartups.com Check out the TWIST500: https://www.twist500.com Subscribe to This Week in Startups on Apple: https://rb.gy/v19fcp Follow Lon: X: https://x.com/lons Follow Jason: X: https://twitter.com/Jason LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasoncalacanis Thank you to our partners: Check out all our partner offers: https://partners.launch.co/ Great TWIST interviews: Will Guidara, Eoghan McCabe, Steve Huffman, Brian Chesky, Bob Moesta, Aaron Levie, Sophia Amoruso, Reid Hoffman, Frank Slootman, Billy McFarland Check out Jason's suite of newsletters: https://substack.com/@calacanis Follow TWiST: Twitter: https://twitter.com/TWiStartups YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/thisweekin Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thisweekinstartups TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@thisweekinstartups Substack: https://twistartups.substack.com

TWIRx NEWS 1. Medicare Part D Paid Nearly $588 Million for Ineligible OTC Drugs   A federal audit found that Medicare Part D sponsors made approximately $587.7 million in ineligible payments from 2021 through 2023 for medications that had effectively transitioned from prescription to over-the-counter status.   The HHS Office of Inspector General cited outdated FDA information and the lack of a clear CMS rejection timeline as major contributors.   Why it matters: This exposes a serious coordination problem across FDA data, manufacturers, CMS, health plans and pharmacy claims systems.   Pharmacists may see the rejection or payment issue at the counter, but the failure often begins far upstream.   Read the Fierce Healthcare report Read the HHS-OIG audit 2. FDA Responds to Estradiol Patch Supply Pressure   The FDA is working with six manufacturers to improve access to estradiol transdermal patches amid increased demand.   While FDA has not declared a national shortage, availability varies by product, strength and geographic area. Manufacturers are increasing production through larger batches, added shifts and expanded capacity.   Why it matters: Pharmacists are again serving as the front line of a supply-chain challenge—helping patients locate medication, coordinating with prescribers and identifying alternatives.   Read the Reuters report Read the FDA update 3. New RSV and COVID-19 Guidance Released   The American Academy of Pediatrics and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists have issued updated recommendations for RSV and COVID-19 protection during the 2026–2027 respiratory season.   Why it matters: Pharmacists may face conflicting recommendations, patient confusion and questions about eligibility.   Clear counseling and coordination with pediatric and obstetric providers will be critical.   Read the Pharmacy Times report SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT FROM OUTCOMES   A special update from Megan Urban and Outcomes.   Outcomes is highlighting new enhancements to its Rx30 pharmacy management platform, including a refreshed user experience, automated data-entry capabilities and support from a dedicated Client Success Team.   The program will explore how these updates can streamline pharmacy workflows, save time and support greater focus on patient care.   Presented by: Dalia Rios and Kaley Lester September 9, 2026 — 1:30 p.m. ET   Register here FEATURED CONVERSATION Building a Bridge to GLP-1 Access   Our featured guest is HaVy Ngo-Hamilton, PharmD, RPh, Senior Pharmacy Director at Buzz Health.   HaVy works at the intersection of pharmacy, healthcare technology, medication affordability and prescription access.   Buzz Health operates platforms including BuzzRx, RxCompare and RxAffect, with a focus on helping connect patients, pharmacies, prescribers and prescription pricing information.   That makes today's discussion particularly timely. THE MEDICARE GLP-1 BRIDGE   CMS launched the Medicare GLP-1 Bridge on July 1, 2026, to provide eligible Medicare Part D beneficiaries access to selected GLP-1 medications for weight management.   The demonstration runs through December 31, 2027.   Eligible beneficiaries pay $50 for a monthly supply, while the program operates outside the traditional Part D payment flow through centralized prior authorization, claims adjudication and pharmacy payment.   Eligible therapies currently include:   Foundayo® Wegovy® Zepbound®   The bigger issue is not simply GLP-1 coverage.   It is how healthcare connects eligibility, affordability, prior authorization, pharmacy workflow and patient access.   The central question for today's discussion:   Can we create a medication-access system where patients know whether they can obtain and afford their therapy before they reach the pharmacy counter? CLOSING THOUGHT   The Medicare GLP-1 Bridge is more than another federal drug program.   It is a real-world test of how healthcare can better connect coverage, affordability, prior authorization and pharmacy fulfillment around high-demand therapies.   Pharmacists remain at the center of that process.   The opportunity is to use technology to move more complexity upstream—allowing pharmacists to spend less time troubleshooting prescriptions and more time caring for patients.   Our thanks to HaVy Ngo-Hamilton, PharmD, RPh, Senior Pharmacy Director at Buzz Health, for joining us on This Week in Pharmacy.   Learn more about the CMS Medicare GLP-1 Bridge   Learn more about Buzz Health   TWIRx — This Week in Pharmacy Pharmacy Podcast Network   Amplifying the Voice of Pharmacy.

Today we are diving into a topic that is incredibly close to my heart—one that has the potential to fundamentally change how we approach prenatal care and protect pregnant patients. We're talking about low-dose aspirin for the prevention of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Now, if you follow current formal guidelines, you probably know the standard protocol: 81 milligrams a day, prescribed based on specific risk factors. But there's a growing body of evidence suggesting we might be underdosing—and under-prescribing. What if 162 milligrams taken universally across the board is actually far more effective?In today's episode, we're unpacking a brand-new, groundbreaking study published in the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. And I'm especially excited to cover this one because it comes straight out of my alma mater, Parkland Hospital! This study takes a bold look at real-world outcomes by comparing a period of universal 162-milligram aspirin use directly against a historical period when aspirin wasn't recommended at all. Did a higher, universal dose significantly cut down on hypertensive disorders? And just as importantly …were there any adverse safety events we need to be aware of? Grab your coffee, settle in, and let's get into the details.1. Duryea E, Ambia A, Pruszynski J. et al. Universal Aspirin Dispensation for Prevention of Preeclampsia in a High-Risk Population. AJOG, 2026; ePub 8/27/282. Hypertension in pregnancy. Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Nov;122(5):1122-1131. 3. ACOG Issues Updated Hypertension Guidance, Discusses New ACC/AHA Criteria (2018): https://www.acog.org/news/news-releases/2018/12/acog-issues-updated-hypertension-guidance4. Low-Dose Aspirin Use During Pregnancy, ACOG Committee Opinion Number 743 (2018)5. Low-Dose Aspirin Use for the Prevention of Preeclampsia and Related Morbidity and Mortality. ACOG Practice Advisory; December 2021

Credits: 0.75 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™   CME/CE Information and Claim Credit: https://www.pri-med.com/online-education/podcast/frankly-speaking-cme-500 Overview: To celebrate our 500th episode, each member of our team revisits a popular topic from the podcast's earlier installments—GLP-1s, cervical and breast cancer screening, diet and exercise, contraception, hypertension, and lipid management—to trace how the evidence and guidelines have changed since it was first covered. Whether you're catching up or reinforcing what you know, this milestone episode helps you bring the latest evidence into everyday patient care. Guest: Robert Baldor, MD, Alan Ehrlich, MD, Susan Feeney, DNP, FNP-BC; FAANP, Jillian Joseph, PA, Mariyan L. Montaque, DNP, FNP-BC, Jill Terrien PhD, ANP-BC, FAAN   Music Credit: Matthew Bugos Thoughts? Suggestions? Email us at FranklySpeaking@pri-med.com  Episode resource links:  Zhou H et al.  Evaluation and Comparison of the PREVENT and Pooled Cohort Equations for 10‐Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Prediction. Journal of the American Heart Association Volume 14, Number 4 Goff DC et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129:S49–S73. Circulation. 2018 Jul 24;138(4):345-355.  eClinicalMedicine 2025: 103741. Curry, J. (2018). Screening for cervical cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA.320(7):674-686. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10897 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30140884  Perkins RB, Wolf AMD, Church TR, et al. Self-collected vaginal specimens for human papillomavirus testing and guidance on screening exit: An update to the American Cancer Society cervical cancer screening guideline. CA Cancer J Clin. 2026;e70041. doi:10.3322/caac.70041   Screening for Cervical Cancer (2026). Obstetrics & Gynecology, 148(1), e63-e67. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000006257  Jad Zeitouni, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters, Yusuf Dundar, Gregory Zimet, Mark A. Varvares. (2025). Two decades of the HPV vaccine: its promise, progress, prospects, projections, and posterity, The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, (51), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2025.101243 Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 28, no. 6 (2026): 5043–5057, https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70698.  Relationship of early rapid weight loss to efficacy and safety of tirzepatide and semaglutide for obesity: SURMOUNT-5 post hoc analysis. Am J Med. 2026 Jul;139(7):913-921. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2026.03.010 US Preventive Services Task Force; Nicholson WK, Silverstein M, Wong JB, et al. Screening for breast cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2024;331(22):1918–1930.  Trentham-Dietz A, Chapman CH, Jayasekera J, et al. Collaborative modeling to compare different breast cancer screening strategies: a decision analysis for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2024;331(22):1931–1946. Giaquinto AN, Sung H, Miller KD, et al. Breast cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72(6):524–541.  Qaseem A, Harrod CS, Balk EM, et al. Screening for breast cancer in asymptomatic, average-risk adult females: a guidance statement from the American College of Physicians (Version 2). Ann Intern Med. 2026.:  American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2022–2024. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society, 2022.  Hu X, Chehal PK, Kaplan C, et al. Racial differences in patient-reported symptoms and adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy among women with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(8):e2225485.  Torres JM, Sodipo MO, Hopkins MF, Chandler PD, Warner ET. Racial differences in breast cancer survival between Black and White women according to tumor subtype: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2024;42(35):4225–4234.  Bailey ZD, Krieger N, Agénor M, Graves J, Linos N, Bassett MT. Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions. Lancet. 2017;389(10077):1453–1463. Hypertension. 2026;83:00–00. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.125.25787 Allen RH, Bartz D. Opill: The Over-the-Counter Contraceptive Pill. Obstet Gynecol. 2024;143(2):184-188. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000005455  Cahill EP, Kaur S. Advances in contraception research and development. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2020;32(6):393-398. doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000666  Charles DN, Nagarsheth M, Oshman L. Pain Management for IUD Insertion in Primary Care. Am Fam Physician. 2025;111(4):299-301.  Chen, C., Strasser, J., Banawa, R., Luo, Q., Bodas, M., Castruccio-Prince, C., Das, K., & Pittman, P. (2022). Who is providing contraception care in the United States? An observational study of the contraception workforce. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 226(2), 232.e1–232.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.08.015  Diedrich,J., Klein, D. Peipert, J.(2017). Long-acting reversible contraception in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Am J Ob Gyn, April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.12.024  Li RHW, Lo SST, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Fong CHY, Ho PC, Ng EHY. Oral emergency contraception with levonorgestrel plus piroxicam: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10405):851-858. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01240-0  Mørch LS, Meaidi A, Corn G, Hargreave M, Wessel Skovlund C. Breast Cancer in Users of Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Systems. JAMA. 2024;332(18):1578–1580. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18575  Nguyen AT, Curtis KM, Tepper NK, et al. U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2024. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2024;73(4):1-126. Published 2024 Aug 8. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7304a1  Paradise SL, Landis CA, Klein DA. Evidence Based Contraception: Common Questions and Answers. American Family Physician. 2022. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2022/0900/contraception The views expressed in this podcast are those of Dr. Domino and his guests and do not necessarily reflect the views of Pri-Med.

Credits: 0.75 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™   CME/CE Information and Claim Credit: https://www.pri-med.com/online-education/podcast/frankly-speaking-cme-500 Overview: To celebrate our 500th episode, each member of our team revisits a popular topic from the podcast's earlier installments—GLP-1s, cervical and breast cancer screening, diet and exercise, contraception, hypertension, and lipid management—to trace how the evidence and guidelines have changed since it was first covered. Whether you're catching up or reinforcing what you know, this milestone episode helps you bring the latest evidence into everyday patient care. Guest: Robert Baldor, MD, Alan Ehrlich, MD, Susan Feeney, DNP, FNP-BC; FAANP, Jillian Joseph, PA, Mariyan L. Montaque, DNP, FNP-BC, Jill Terrien PhD, ANP-BC, FAAN   Music Credit: Matthew Bugos Thoughts? Suggestions? Email us at FranklySpeaking@pri-med.com  Episode resource links:  Zhou H et al.  Evaluation and Comparison of the PREVENT and Pooled Cohort Equations for 10‐Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Prediction. Journal of the American Heart Association Volume 14, Number 4 Goff DC et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129:S49–S73. Circulation. 2018 Jul 24;138(4):345-355.  eClinicalMedicine 2025: 103741. Curry, J. (2018). Screening for cervical cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA.320(7):674-686. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10897 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30140884  Perkins RB, Wolf AMD, Church TR, et al. Self-collected vaginal specimens for human papillomavirus testing and guidance on screening exit: An update to the American Cancer Society cervical cancer screening guideline. CA Cancer J Clin. 2026;e70041. doi:10.3322/caac.70041   Screening for Cervical Cancer (2026). Obstetrics & Gynecology, 148(1), e63-e67. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000006257  Jad Zeitouni, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters, Yusuf Dundar, Gregory Zimet, Mark A. Varvares. (2025). Two decades of the HPV vaccine: its promise, progress, prospects, projections, and posterity, The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, (51), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2025.101243 Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 28, no. 6 (2026): 5043–5057, https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70698.  Relationship of early rapid weight loss to efficacy and safety of tirzepatide and semaglutide for obesity: SURMOUNT-5 post hoc analysis. Am J Med. 2026 Jul;139(7):913-921. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2026.03.010 US Preventive Services Task Force; Nicholson WK, Silverstein M, Wong JB, et al. Screening for breast cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2024;331(22):1918–1930.  Trentham-Dietz A, Chapman CH, Jayasekera J, et al. Collaborative modeling to compare different breast cancer screening strategies: a decision analysis for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2024;331(22):1931–1946. Giaquinto AN, Sung H, Miller KD, et al. Breast cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72(6):524–541.  Qaseem A, Harrod CS, Balk EM, et al. Screening for breast cancer in asymptomatic, average-risk adult females: a guidance statement from the American College of Physicians (Version 2). Ann Intern Med. 2026.:  American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2022–2024. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society, 2022.  Hu X, Chehal PK, Kaplan C, et al. Racial differences in patient-reported symptoms and adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy among women with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(8):e2225485.  Torres JM, Sodipo MO, Hopkins MF, Chandler PD, Warner ET. Racial differences in breast cancer survival between Black and White women according to tumor subtype: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2024;42(35):4225–4234.  Bailey ZD, Krieger N, Agénor M, Graves J, Linos N, Bassett MT. Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions. Lancet. 2017;389(10077):1453–1463. Hypertension. 2026;83:00–00. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.125.25787 Allen RH, Bartz D. Opill: The Over-the-Counter Contraceptive Pill. Obstet Gynecol. 2024;143(2):184-188. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000005455  Cahill EP, Kaur S. Advances in contraception research and development. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2020;32(6):393-398. doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000666  Charles DN, Nagarsheth M, Oshman L. Pain Management for IUD Insertion in Primary Care. Am Fam Physician. 2025;111(4):299-301.  Chen, C., Strasser, J., Banawa, R., Luo, Q., Bodas, M., Castruccio-Prince, C., Das, K., & Pittman, P. (2022). Who is providing contraception care in the United States? An observational study of the contraception workforce. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 226(2), 232.e1–232.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.08.015  Diedrich,J., Klein, D. Peipert, J.(2017). Long-acting reversible contraception in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Am J Ob Gyn, April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.12.024  Li RHW, Lo SST, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Fong CHY, Ho PC, Ng EHY. Oral emergency contraception with levonorgestrel plus piroxicam: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10405):851-858. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01240-0  Mørch LS, Meaidi A, Corn G, Hargreave M, Wessel Skovlund C. Breast Cancer in Users of Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Systems. JAMA. 2024;332(18):1578–1580. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18575  Nguyen AT, Curtis KM, Tepper NK, et al. U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2024. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2024;73(4):1-126. Published 2024 Aug 8. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7304a1  Paradise SL, Landis CA, Klein DA. Evidence Based Contraception: Common Questions and Answers. American Family Physician. 2022. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2022/0900/contraception The views expressed in this podcast are those of Dr. Domino and his guests and do not necessarily reflect the views of Pri-Med.

Insomnia affects neurologic health, quality of life, and daily functioning, but effective treatments are available. In this episode, Dr. Brandon Peters-Mathews discusses a practical approach to evaluating chronic insomnia, highlights the importance of identifying contributing conditions such as sleep apnea and mood disorders, and reviews cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), the recommended first-line treatment. Learn how addressing sleep can improve outcomes across a wide range of neurologic disorders. In this episode, Katie Grouse, MD, FAAN, speaks with Brandon R. Peters-Mathews, MD, FAAN, FAASM, author of the article "Insomnia" in the Continuum® August 2026 Sleep Neurology issue. Dr. Grouse is a Continuum® Audio interviewer and a clinical assistant professor at the University of California, San Francisco in San Francisco, California. Dr. Peters-Mathews is the Section Head of Sleep Medicine at Virginia Mason Franciscan Health in Seattle, Washington. Additional Resources Read the article: Insomnia Subscribe to Continuum®: shop.lww.com/Continuum Earn CME (available only to AAN members): continpub.com/AudioCME Continuum® Aloud (verbatim audio-book style recordings of articles available only to Continuum® subscribers): continpub.com/Aloud More about the American Academy of Neurology: aan.com Social Media facebook.com/continuumcme @ContinuumAAN Host: @BrandonPetersMD Full episode transcript available here Dr Grouse: Insomnia may be one of the most common medical issues experienced by patients, yet our knowledge about how to manage it remains limited. Today, I have the opportunity to speak with one of the world's leading experts on sleep disorders, Dr. Brandon Peters-Mathews, about the latest issue of Continuum on Neurology of Sleep.  Dr Jones: This is Dr. Lyell Jones, Editor-in-Chief of Continuum. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio. Be sure to visit the links in the episode notes for information about earning CME, subscribing to the journal, and exclusive access to interviews not featured on the podcast.  Dr Grouse: This is Dr. Katie Grouse. Today, I'm interviewing Dr. Brandon Peters-Mathews about his article on insomnia. This article appears in the August 2026 Continuum issue on Neurology of Sleep. Welcome to the podcast, and please introduce yourself to our audience.  Dr Peters-Mathews: It's my pleasure to join you, and I'm happy to talk about this article. I think it's an interesting one for most folks. I am a board-certified sleep neurologist. I practice at Virginia Mason Franciscan Health in Seattle. I did my neurology training back at the University of Minnesota and my sleep training at Stanford University. I've been in practice for more than thirteen years at this point. It's hard to believe, but it's exciting to be able to speak with you today.  Dr Grouse: This is definitely an important topic for everybody. Certainly, sleep and the lack of it affects all of our patients, and I can't imagine there's a single clinical neurologist who doesn't have to answer questions and help evaluate patients with this problem, so very high-yield topic for everyone. Now, having read your article, I'm curious if you had to choose one key point that you want the readers of your article to take away after reading it, what would it be?  Dr Peters-Mathews: Emphasize for my patients that insomnia is a condition that we can work through and resolve, that if we really can understand the underlying contributing causes and resolve those issues, we can typically improve sleep. It's a process. It takes time. It takes some attention and, and sometimes even testing to figure out what's going on. But if we can dial into these root causes, we can typically help somebody to sleep much better. As part of that, we often employ a therapy called CBT-I, which we'll talk about here a little bit later. But that also helps us to identify some of these contributing factors that are leading to the poor sleep.  Dr Grouse: And I definitely want to talk more about CBT, it's such an important topic. But even before we get into that, I'd love it if you could just walk us through a hypothetical case of a patient with insomnia. I think the type of patient that I think we've all seen in our clinical practice and somebody who says, "You know, I've had poor sleep. I've had insomnia for many years. I've tried all of the things you're supposed to try. You know, I've tried sleep hygiene. I've tried this. I've tried that. I've tried medications. Nothing seems to work." Could you walk us through how you would evaluate a patient like this and start to consider what to recommend? Dr Peters-Mathews: So, some simple information that we can gather, would be information about when they're trying to go to bed, how long it's taking them to fall asleep initially. If they wake in the night and have trouble getting back to sleep, how often they wake in the night. If they're experiencing early morning awakenings, their final wake time, and when they actually get out of bed in the morning. That gives me a sense of the structure of their sleep pattern and whether or not they might be spending an excessive amount of time in bed for their own sleep need at their current age. The other factors that we might consider are sleep disorders, and typically, I would assess for other symptoms that would point me towards sleep apnea or restless legs and occasionally other disorders of sleep. We wanna make sure we're not missing comorbid conditions that might be affecting that person. These often include mood disorders. Sleep and mood walk hand in hand, and so anxiety and depression are important to identify and treat if present. We also want to make sure someone's not suffering from chronic pain or other conditions that might be impacting their sleep. So, I take a broad approach. I ask the same questions to each patient that comes to see me. I wanna make sure I'm not missing some of these details. And then some of these folks will require testing to further understand their sleep. Others may move on to a different therapy, and long-term may require even other interventions, including medications, to fully resolve their condition.  Dr Grouse: You mentioned in your article circadian rhythm sleep disorders. How often are these really a factor in patients with chronic insomnia? And do you think that's something that we as kind of first-line clinicians should be screening for as well?  Dr Peters-Mathews: So delayed sleep phase syndrome is the most common circadian disorder, and these are folks who are night owls by nature. They often develop their sleep patterns, as teenagers, if not before, and they may fade away in the working years but come back in retirement age. I would say that's a very common condition. It may affect as many as one in ten people. The other circadian disorders are pretty uncommon, so advanced sleep phase syndrome, where somebody is sleepy early and waking too early, that may only affect one in three hundred people. There are other conditions that affect specific populations, like non-twenty-four circadian pattern affects blind people. Typically, half of blind people have that condition. There are conditions that affect the regularity of sleep, so an irregular sleep-wake pattern that might occur more in folks with maybe an advanced dementia. So, there are populations where these conditions can be fairly common, but among the general population, that night owl tendency is by far the most common.  Dr Grouse: That's really helpful. And just taking a step back, why is insomnia bad for us? So, we worry about this in our patients. We know it can make neurologic issues worse. But in general, like, what are the reasons that having poor sleep can affect our health? Dr Peters-Mathews: Yeah, and it's not enough hours, certainly quantity, but also quality of sleep that matters. And I tell people that sleep is a pillar of health, just like nutrition and exercise. It's the other main contributor to our health and well-being. And so, it has its fingers in almost every aspect of our health. Insomnia on its own is a risk factor for other psychiatric conditions, including depression, anxiety, even disorders like bipolar and schizophrenia. Folks with insomnia are more likely to have alcohol or drug abuse issues and are at higher risk for things like chronic pain, suicide and, and social and occupational dysfunction. So, it's a disorder that has a really profound effect on how someone functions during the day, and again, may take a toll on their health over time.  Dr Grouse: That makes sense, and I would assume that there are certain populations within our neurology practices where we should really be attuned to the risk of insomnia. Are there specific populations you'd recommend really make it a habit of screening for insomnia?  Dr Peters-Mathews: I was joking with someone recently that anyone with a neurological nervous system can have issues, impacted by poor sleep. There are certain groups, so chronic headache patients are perhaps one that might warrant a further evaluation and management. Folks with multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's may have physical conditions that lead to more discomfort in sleep, fewer movements of their body in sleep, issues around nocturia that would disturb their sleep. Certainly, those with dementia, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Parkinson's and Lewy body dementia overlap a lot, as does multiple system atrophy. That can point us towards other conditions like REM sleep behavior disorder, but also insomnia can be an important feature of those disorders as well. And then folks with stroke often have disturbance to their sleep and may develop insomnia after experiencing a stroke. So those are specific populations where I think the yield is high to be looking for insomnia and other sleep disorders.  Dr Grouse: Yeah, that makes sense. I think a lot of us think of insomnia as almost like, make sure we're not missing this as sort of a mimic of the problem, when in fact it's probably just more part and parcel of the problem and something we need to be thinking about treating as part of their disorder. So helpful to think about it in that light, at least in my own mind. Now, I want to get a little bit back to some of the therapies you've recommended, and I think first just stopping again at sleep hygiene. Your article has a really great list, I think, of sort of like a checklist of actions that people should be taking to make sure that they are managing their sleep hygiene well. And I definitely recommend our listeners look to that. How often do you think that focusing on sleep hygiene helps when you get a patient who says, "Hey, I have got terrible sleep. You know, what do I do?"  Dr Peters-Mathews: It's pretty common for people to have access to this information through their own reading online, and most folks have worked through this by the time they've come to see me, and often a primary care provider or specialist may have given some of this guidance as well. It's pretty rare for them to not recognize something as obvious as having caffeine too late in the day by the time they're coming to my attention. The sleep hygiene generally is used as a control when we do research to look at how something like medication is working or CBT-I might be working. It's the comparative control. It's almost like the null intervention. So, it's not highly effective, and if folks are not finding it helpful, they've made those adjustments to their sleep environment or their habits, and they're continuing to have issues, there's typically more that needs to be done, and that's where CBT-I really comes in as a strong intervention for those people.  Dr Grouse: And then getting on the topic of CBT-I, so helpful. I'm really glad that your article spent a lot of time talking about it as really a truly high-yield, great intervention for insomnia. And I really felt that the question shouldn't be: When is cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia helpful? But like, when isn't it helpful? What are your thoughts about that?  Dr Peters-Mathews: Yeah. I always point out that the American College of Physicians has recommended CBT-I for adult patients as the initial treatment for chronic insomnia even before the use of a medication for nearly ten years. That recommendation came out in July of 2016. So, there are folks who may not be good candidates for it, who may be screened out because of other conditions that they have, and there certainly are folks who don't do as well with CBT-I. And adherence is important. Somebody needs to be able to follow the instructions and apply that to their lives. And certainly, there are a number of things that could interfere with that compliance. I would say untreated anxiety and pain are two things that often trip people up. It's like running a race with a broken leg. Despite their best efforts, if those are not addressed, they will continue to have issues around insomnia. And then one thing that often is unrecognized and may be missed is untreated sleep apnea. That is a common contributor to a chronic insomnia, especially in older folks, women beyond the age of menopause and men even starting in middle age, thirties and forties. We don't want to miss sleep apnea. Even insomnia that's, "I can't fall asleep at the beginning of night," that could still be sleep apnea, so that's something I really emphasize with my patients.  Dr Grouse: Really great reminder about sleep apnea for sure. Something that always is beneficial to make sure we are not missing. Oftentimes I'll bring up a CBT for insomnia, and what is that? Like, what would we actually do, and what is a high-level overview of what happens with CBT-I?  Dr Peters-Mathews: Yeah. So, I generally tell my patients that this is a six-week program. It's a structured program, almost like a boot camp for sleep, in which we are addressing underlying causes, recognizing what those are and, and working through those underlying causes. There is often tracking using a sleep log or sometimes wearable data.To guide decisions that are made in the program. It's very goal-directed, science-based therapy. We often introduce concepts around sleep drive, circadian rhythm dealing with a busy mind at night. There's concepts of mindfulness and relaxation training that are introduced. People often are able to taper or stop using sleeping pills as part of this therapy. And the nice thing is they walk away with a set of skills that they can apply the rest of their lives to sleep more normally. And so, there's good research that suggests even years after someone's completed a CBT-I course, they continue to sleep more normally. They have the tools that they need to sleep better even years beyond that education.  Dr Grouse: You know, this just sounds so great. It almost sounds like why wouldn't someone benefit from this? But of course, like I would imagine many institutions experience, I've definitely run into difficulties with access for my patients for CBT-I, and we have long wait lists. And I imagine there's many places where there just aren't even any specialists that patients can get to, to help with this. What are the resources that our listeners can take advantage of for their patients to get access to these types of therapies?  Dr Peters-Mathews: So, one thing I tried to really emphasize in the article is that there are resources that can be drawn in. I'll give you some examples. So, at our institution, we have three sleep specialists, full-time sleep specialists, who trained at Stanford to become CBT-I specialists, and so we have more resources than probably most institutions would have. We do shared medical appointment workshops so that we can manage the number of patients that we have to see. And, and unfortunately, not everybody has that opportunity. You might plug into resources in your community, and one of the resources I point to in the article is the International Directory that's managed by the University of Pennsylvania that has eight hundred and seventy-five CBT-I specialists listed with contact information, et cetera. And I think that's an amazing opportunity to access this therapy. Unfortunately, there are countries and certainly states that do not have a specialist, that there's no one in the state that provides this therapy. And then we need to extend other resources, and that could be online treatment programs that can be done independently, bibliotherapy, so accessing books that could guide people through the therapy, even accessing other apps and maybe even wearables that pair with an app that could provide some of this guidance. The Veterans Administration worked with Stanford and worked with the National Center for PTSD and developed an app called CBT-I Coach that is free and can be downloaded and, and gives, I think, good education, good guidance. So, there are resources that exist. It's somewhat finding what might work for your individual patient, how they're preferring to access this or their learning preferences. Do they want to read a book or not? And getting them into the right pathway.  Dr Grouse: And I think that gets me into a whole other Pandora's box of the fact that they're already out there in the world are tons of different apps, wearable devices, all sorts of things that promise that they can help us with sleep, some that may have more, I think, data and evidence behind them than others. Do any of these apps or wearables in your mind show promise in our patients helping our patients track and diagnose and manage their insomnia?  Dr Peters-Mathews: Yeah, there's a lot out there, and unfortunately, some of these devices actually can make sleep worse. People can develop a condition called orthosomnia or straight sleep, where they're trying to perfect their sleep and their sleep numbers, their metrics, and the wearables feeding them data that they continue to try to improve upon. And that fixation on those metrics can actually make their sleep quite a bit worse. A lot of these wearables and apps and other resources have not been well-studied. There's not research trials showing outcomes comparing to other standards of care. I would say the basic guidance of CBT-I, which many of these programs are based on, I think will be helpful to the majority of folks who are able to engage and complete that education. A lot of these are not dependent on that sort of framework or structure so that we may not actually be using the standards of CBT-I to try to improve sleep. They may be connecting you with other resources, like listen to this sleep story or this relaxation file or do some meditation, et cetera, which again, may be of some benefit, but it is not the same as a structured CBT-I experience. So, I think there are a few good resources that we highlight within the article, and I think there are probably others coming that may give individuals a more individualized, directed approach to managing their sleep issues. But it's almost like going to the App Store and there's thousands of apps. It's hard to know which one might be most based on science or the most beneficial to that individual.  Dr Grouse: Well, I really appreciate in your article that you did have a great list of apps and things along those lines to try, so I do encourage our listeners to check that out as well. Some really, really great resources there in the article in many different areas. Now, I wanted to turn the conversation to a slightly different thing, which is medications for insomnia. Now, when are medications appropriate for treating insomnia? When should we be thinking about turning to these for our patients?  Dr Peters-Mathews: So again, we would suggest that CBT-I would be first, and that failing improvement with CBT-I, that medications would be extended to a person affected by insomnia. And over-the-counter options as well as prescription medications might be used. Unfortunately, that's not how things unfold in the real world. Many people are jumping to medications first, whether that be an over-the-counter supplement or other medication, or they're seeing primary care and other specialists who's providing them a prescription for sleep aid. So there's data from the CDC going back to twenty twenty that suggests that about six point three percent of adults were taking a sleeping medication every day in the months prior to the survey. And women who were older than sixty five, white women, were more likely to be using a sleeping medication every day. That number was 13.5 percent of those surveyed. So, lots of folks are on medications, and certainly melatonin is widely used. Unfortunately, it's not regulated by the FDA in a sense that we don't have exact concentrations controlled. So, people can take melatonin that has no melatonin in it. They might take melatonin that's forty or more times the dose. There's variance within lots from the same manufacturer. There's a lot of trouble knowing exactly what you're getting when you try to take something like melatonin over the counter. Other sleep aids that we might reach to over the counter, like variants of diphenhydramine or doxylamine, and these are often the PM drugs that we think about. They have risks associated with population-based studies which suggest risk of dementia, risk of falling, risk of mortality with these drugs, especially in older populations. So again, that would give us potentially pause. The prescription medications that we go to, there are some that the American Academy of Sleep Medicine would recommend as more beneficial than harmful, and some are good for both initiating and maintaining sleep. Some have such a short half-life that they're really best as initiation drugs. And then others are better for maintenance of sleep, so reducing awakenings and wakefulness in the night. My own individual take, often people are coming to me on medications, typically over the counter, but often prescriptions, and have even tried and failed many of those medications before they finally come to see a specialist. And so, I don't often reach to medications until I've exhausted CBT-I, until we've completed a sleep test to make sure we're not missing something like sleep apnea, until we've ruled out some other potential contributing causes. But there are patients I have who really will not sleep without medication support and sometimes even multiple medications that work in complementary ways to try to normalize their sleep. And so, in some cases it is necessary, but it is not meant to be a first line for anyone.  Dr Grouse: Yeah, and I think all of our listeners can relate to the fact that we often see patients who've been on sleep medicines for many, many years and take them every night. It's good to know that there is sort of a procedure here to consider and perhaps again, back to the plug to CBT-I as being the right starting point to see if there's some that we can help get off of these meds, although, as you mentioned, maybe not always going to be successful. Well, I really appreciate our conversation about this. It's been really great to read this article about insomnia. Again, I encourage our listeners to check it out. Some really great resources for many different therapies, thinking about other alternative diagnoses and different medical conditions where insomnia really needs to be considered. And I really appreciate you writing this article. It's been a pleasure to talk with you today.  Dr Peters-Mathews: It's my pleasure to share this information with folks, and I hope that you find it useful in your clinical practice or even your personal life as the need arises.  Dr Grouse: Again today, I've been interviewing Dr. Brandon Peters-Mathews about his article on insomnia. This article appears in the August 2026 Continuum issue on Neurology of Sleep. Be sure to check out Continuum Audio episodes from this and other issues, and thank you to our listeners for joining today.  Dr Monteith: This is Dr. Teshamae Monteith, Associate Editor of Continuum Audio. If you've enjoyed this episode, you'll love the journal, which is full of in-depth and clinically relevant information important for neurology practitioners. Use the link in the episode notes to learn more and subscribe. AAN members, you can get CME for listening to this interview by completing the evaluation at continpub.com/audiocme. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio. 

Nutrition is finally getting a seat at the medical education table. Dr. Jaclyn Albin, the new President of the American College of Culinary Medicine (ACCM), joins Dr. Sabrina Falquier to discuss strategies for weaving nutrition into medical education, and explains why a hands-on teaching kitchen can stick with learners in a way slides never will.  Dr. Albin also makes a compelling case for the broader team required to move this work forward, including chefs, dietitians, researchers, behavioral health professionals, public health experts, occupational therapists and farmers.  If you work in healthcare, teach, study or just want evidence-based answers about food and health, this conversation shows why the future of medicine is also being built in kitchens, not just lecture halls.In this episode we cover:·      Who is Dr. Jaclyn Albin [1:10]·      The role of nutrition in healthcare [1:50]·      Does nutrition belong in medical school curriculum? [3:30]·      No, we're not trying to turn doctors into dietitians. [5:30]·      Bridging silos to fix chronic disease and a broken food system [6:20]·      Why hasn't nutrition been historically part of medical education? [8:25]·      The difference between nutrition and culinary medicine [10:10]·      Different approaches to teaching nutrition in medical school [12:40]·      How Dr. Albin got into culinary medicine [16:45]·      Where we are today with nutrition education in medicine [20:00]·      Teaching kitchens [24:00]·      Two examples of a culinary medicine medical school elective [26:40]·      Ideal culinary medicine team [29:00]·      Where can MD's get evidence-based nutrition education? [32:30]·      What does success in culinary medicine look like? [35:50]ResourcesHealthy Eating Plate: Your Guide to Balanced Meals - https://youtu.be/riywZ8QtFdAWhat Do Doctors Actually Learn About Nutrition - https://alternativefoodnetwork.com/podcasts/episode-34-what-do-doctors-actually-learn-about-nutrition/Subscribe and Review: If you're passionate about the future of lifestyle medicine and healthcare innovation, subscribe and leave us a review. Your feedback helps us bring more evidence-based Culinary Medicine content to your feed.Credits:Host – Dr. Sabrina Falquier, MD, CCMS, DipABLMSound and Editing – Will CrannExecutive Producer – Esther Garfin©2026 Alternative Food Network Inc.Dr. Sabrina Falquier is a board-certified physician and a leader in Culinary Medicine. She specializes in bridging the gap between scientific evidence and the actual food on your plate, empowering listeners to use the kitchen as a place of wellness and healing.Show Topics Include: Nutrition, Food as Medicine, Health and Wellness Podcasting, Microbiome, Metabolism, Weight loss, Gut health, Healthy recipes, Health, Inflammation, Longevity, Blood sugar, Protein, Magnesium, Sleep quality, Immunity, Hormone balance, Sunday meal prep, Medically tailored meals (MTM), Produce Prescription (PRx), Prevention, Teaching kitchen, Health equity, Evidence-based nutrition, food podcast insights

(0:00) Thank you to everyone who joined the inaugural Boardroom Governance Summit (0:30) Intro (1:51) About the podcast sponsor: The American College of Governance Counsel (2:38) Start of interview (3:21) Raffaela Rein's Origin Story (4:44) Rocket Internet: the “copycat factory,” global expansion, execution, and leadership lessons (8:36) Founding and selling CareerFoundry (9:16) Raffaela's Board Journey: Porsche and other boards: PE, tech unicorn, startups and non-profits. (11:04) Why she founded BoardLens (15:00) AI as a Strategic Sparring Partner for board members: better preparation, sharper questions, and challenging assumptions (16:14) How BoardLens is different from a traditional board portal and why individual directors are adopting it (18:37) Confidentiality, Privilege, and AI: the risks of using public AI tools for board work (21:03) The AI models behind BoardLens: Anthropic, Gemini, and OpenAI (23:25) Open vs. Closed AI Models and balancing performance, security, and confidentiality (25:01) BoardLens users and the growing demand for AI in regulated industries (26:37) The “private equitization” of the economy and the rise of private-company boards (31:38) OpenAI, Anthropic, and New Governance Models: PBCs, nonprofits, trusts, and mission-driven governance (35:15) The Sam Altman episode and the unusual balance of power among boards, employees, and investors (36:34) Mission vs. Financial Interests in AI governance (37:47) Founder Control and Dual-Class Shares: SpaceX, Elon Musk, and investor willingness to accept unconventional governance (39:17) The Porsche IPO and other unconventional governance structures (41:07) U.S. vs. German Boards: comparing the single-board and two-tier governance models (44:00) Why the board meeting should be one of the most valuable meetings in the company, not simply a reporting exercise (44:40) Why Raffaela believes the AI transformation may be bigger than the digital transformation (45:36) AI Strategy and Governance education for directors (46:00) Building a Directors Council to think about the future of board work in an AI-driven world (47:44) Autonomous vehicles, disruption of the German and European auto industries, and global competition (48:15) What happens if AI makes many goods and services dramatically cheaper, or even effectively free? (49:04) Books that have greatly influenced her life: Radical Candor, by Kim Scott Never Split the Difference, by Chris Voss The Hard Thing About Hard Things, by Ben Horowitz (51:13) Her mentors and the people she admires for perseverance (52:12) Quotes she thinks of often: Invictus and “I am the master of my fate, I am the captain of my soul.” (52:54) An unusual habit: going through different color phases (53:56) The living person she most admires: Tony Robbins, and his ability to sustain a sense of purpose over decades Raffaela Rein is the CEO and founder of BoardLens, an AI-powered intelligence platform built for board members. Her career spans BlackRock, Rocket Internet, entrepreneurship, and corporate boards. You can follow Evan on social media at:Website: boardroom-governance.comX: @evanepsteinLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/epsteinevan/ Substack: https://evanepstein.substack.com/YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@BoardroomGovernance__To support this podcast you can join as a subscriber of the Boardroom Governance Newsletter at https://evanepstein.substack.com/__Music/Soundtrack (found via Free Music Archive): Seeing The Future by Dexter Britain is licensed under a Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License

Premarital planning for high-net-worth families, including legacy asset protection, property laws, trusts, SLATs, DAPTs, and client preparation. The American College of Trust and Estate Counsel, ACTEC, is a professional society of peer-elected trust and estate lawyers in the United States and around the globe. This series offers professionals best practice advice, insights, and commentary on subjects that affect the profession and clients. Learn more in this podcast.

What does it take to build a national surgical education apparatus from scratch? In this episode, we sit down with Dr. Ajit Sachdeva, the former Senior Vice President for Education at the American College of Surgeons—a role he held for 24 years before passing the torch in fall 2025. When Dr. Sachdeva arrived at the ACS in 2001, there was no division, no script, and almost no structure. Over the course of his tenure, he created an ecosystem that now touches surgeons at every stage of their careers, from the first year of medical school to the last year of practice.Dr. Sachdeva reflects on competence, excellence, and the value of surgical educators. He discusses the structural shifts that have shaped modern surgical training, including simulation standards, competency-based curricula, the ACS Accredited Education Institutes, and the Academy of Master Surgeon Educators. He also shares his thoughts on the challenges that remain: resource constraints, the tension between clinical productivity and educational investment, and the gap between national standard-setting and local implementation.Join hosts Pooja Varman, MD, Judith French, PhD, and Jeremy Lipman, MD, MHPE to reflect on Dr. Sachdeva's impact on surgical education.Learning ObjectivesBy the end of this episode, listeners will be able to 1.     Distinguish between competence, proficiency, expertise, and mastery in the context of surgical training and career development.2.     Identify key structural initiatives from the ACS Division of Education and describe their impact on surgical education at the national level.3.     Discuss the challenges of sustaining and funding surgical education infrastructure and articulate strategies for aligning educational goals with institutional priorities.  References1.     ACS Accredited Education Institutes: https://www.facs.org/for-medical-professionals/education/programs/accredited-education-institutes/ 2.     Dr. Ajit Sachdeva Describes a Career of Distinction in Practice and Surgical Education | ACS. Accessed March 27, 2026. https://www.facs.org/for-medical-professionals/news-publications/news-and-articles/acs-brief/october-21-2025-issue/dr-ajit-sachdeva-describes-a-career-of-distinction-in-practice-and-surgical-education/ Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.  If you liked this episode, check out our recent episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/listenBehind the Knife Premium: https://behindtheknife.org/premiumOral Board Review: https://behindtheknife.org/oral-boardOral Board Simulator: https://behindtheknife.org/oral-board/simulatorGeneral Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/general-surgery-oral-board-reviewTrauma Surgery Video Atlas: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/trauma-surgery-video-atlasDominate Surgery: A High-Yield Guide to Your Surgery Clerkship: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/dominate-surgery-a-high-yield-guide-to-your-surgery-clerkshipDominate Surgery for APPs: A High-Yield Guide to Your Surgery Rotation: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/dominate-surgery-for-apps-a-high-yield-guide-to-your-surgery-rotationVascular Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/vascular-surgery-oral-board-reviewColorectal Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/colorectal-surgery-oral-board-reviewSurgical Oncology Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/surgical-oncology-oral-board-reviewCardiothoracic Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/cardiothoracic-surgery-oral-board-reviewOBGYN Oral Board Review Coures: https://behindtheknife.org/course/obgyn-oral-board-reviewEPA Playbook: https://behindtheknife.org/course/epa-playbookSurgical Instrument Flashcards: https://behindtheknife.org/course/surgical-instrument-flashcardsABSITE Review: https://behindtheknife.org/course/absite-2026-exam-reviewDownload our App:Apple App Store: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/behind-the-knife/id1672420049Android/Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.btk.app&hl=en_US

Credits: 0.75 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™   CME/CE Information and Claim Credit: https://www.pri-med.com/online-education/podcast/frankly-speaking-cme-500 Overview: To celebrate our 500th episode, each member of our team revisits a popular topic from the podcast's earlier installments—GLP-1s, cervical and breast cancer screening, diet and exercise, contraception, hypertension, and lipid management—to trace how the evidence and guidelines have changed since it was first covered. Whether you're catching up or reinforcing what you know, this milestone episode helps you bring the latest evidence into everyday patient care. Guest: Robert Baldor, MD, Alan Ehrlich, MD, Susan Feeney, DNP, FNP-BC; FAANP, Jillian Joseph, PA, Mariyan L. Montaque, DNP, FNP-BC, Jill Terrien PhD, ANP-BC, FAAN   Music Credit: Matthew Bugos Thoughts? Suggestions? Email us at FranklySpeaking@pri-med.com  Episode resource links:  Zhou H et al.  Evaluation and Comparison of the PREVENT and Pooled Cohort Equations for 10‐Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Prediction. Journal of the American Heart Association Volume 14, Number 4 Goff DC et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129:S49–S73. Circulation. 2018 Jul 24;138(4):345-355.  eClinicalMedicine 2025: 103741. Curry, J. (2018). Screening for cervical cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA.320(7):674-686. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10897 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30140884  Perkins RB, Wolf AMD, Church TR, et al. Self-collected vaginal specimens for human papillomavirus testing and guidance on screening exit: An update to the American Cancer Society cervical cancer screening guideline. CA Cancer J Clin. 2026;e70041. doi:10.3322/caac.70041   Screening for Cervical Cancer (2026). Obstetrics & Gynecology, 148(1), e63-e67. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000006257  Jad Zeitouni, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters, Yusuf Dundar, Gregory Zimet, Mark A. Varvares. (2025). Two decades of the HPV vaccine: its promise, progress, prospects, projections, and posterity, The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, (51), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2025.101243 Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 28, no. 6 (2026): 5043–5057, https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70698.  Relationship of early rapid weight loss to efficacy and safety of tirzepatide and semaglutide for obesity: SURMOUNT-5 post hoc analysis. Am J Med. 2026 Jul;139(7):913-921. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2026.03.010 US Preventive Services Task Force; Nicholson WK, Silverstein M, Wong JB, et al. Screening for breast cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2024;331(22):1918–1930.  Trentham-Dietz A, Chapman CH, Jayasekera J, et al. Collaborative modeling to compare different breast cancer screening strategies: a decision analysis for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2024;331(22):1931–1946. Giaquinto AN, Sung H, Miller KD, et al. Breast cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72(6):524–541.  Qaseem A, Harrod CS, Balk EM, et al. Screening for breast cancer in asymptomatic, average-risk adult females: a guidance statement from the American College of Physicians (Version 2). Ann Intern Med. 2026.:  American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2022–2024. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society, 2022.  Hu X, Chehal PK, Kaplan C, et al. Racial differences in patient-reported symptoms and adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy among women with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(8):e2225485.  Torres JM, Sodipo MO, Hopkins MF, Chandler PD, Warner ET. Racial differences in breast cancer survival between Black and White women according to tumor subtype: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2024;42(35):4225–4234.  Bailey ZD, Krieger N, Agénor M, Graves J, Linos N, Bassett MT. Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions. Lancet. 2017;389(10077):1453–1463. Hypertension. 2026;83:00–00. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.125.25787 Allen RH, Bartz D. Opill: The Over-the-Counter Contraceptive Pill. Obstet Gynecol. 2024;143(2):184-188. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000005455  Cahill EP, Kaur S. Advances in contraception research and development. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2020;32(6):393-398. doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000666  Charles DN, Nagarsheth M, Oshman L. Pain Management for IUD Insertion in Primary Care. Am Fam Physician. 2025;111(4):299-301.  Chen, C., Strasser, J., Banawa, R., Luo, Q., Bodas, M., Castruccio-Prince, C., Das, K., & Pittman, P. (2022). Who is providing contraception care in the United States? An observational study of the contraception workforce. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 226(2), 232.e1–232.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.08.015  Diedrich,J., Klein, D. Peipert, J.(2017). Long-acting reversible contraception in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Am J Ob Gyn, April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.12.024  Li RHW, Lo SST, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Fong CHY, Ho PC, Ng EHY. Oral emergency contraception with levonorgestrel plus piroxicam: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10405):851-858. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01240-0  Mørch LS, Meaidi A, Corn G, Hargreave M, Wessel Skovlund C. Breast Cancer in Users of Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Systems. JAMA. 2024;332(18):1578–1580. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18575  Nguyen AT, Curtis KM, Tepper NK, et al. U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2024. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2024;73(4):1-126. Published 2024 Aug 8. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7304a1  Paradise SL, Landis CA, Klein DA. Evidence Based Contraception: Common Questions and Answers. American Family Physician. 2022. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2022/0900/contraception The views expressed in this podcast are those of Dr. Domino and his guests and do not necessarily reflect the views of Pri-Med.

Discussion: Dr. Holmes and Dr. Weiss discuss the John Hopkins and current Duke University studies on neuroinflammation and the brain, with specifics on the impact on the autistic brain. Dr. Weiss shares his personal story of stem-cell treatment and the impact on his young adult son with autism who went from having a few words at the age of 23 to living independently. Dr. Eric Weiss is a leader in advanced regenerative medicine and the co-author of Educating Marston. Founder of the North Florida Stem Cells Clinic, Dr. Weiss provides stem cell replacement therapy to treat various conditions such as Osteoarthritis (OA), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), with a special focus on the treatment of Autism. Dr. Weiss co-wrote Educating Marston with his wife, Christine Weiss, as a memoir of their journey through programs and therapies to improve the quality of life of their autistic son, Marston. Trying seemingly everything under the sun, nothing clicked until they discovered stem cell replacement therapy in conjunction with intensive work at programs like the Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential. Once with limited verbal communication abilities, Marston can now hold a conversation and do so much more. With Educating Marston, Dr. Weiss is on a mission to help fellow parents of children on the autism spectrum and spread the word about stem cell replacement therapy as a treatment therapy for autism. Dr. Weiss and Educating Marston have been featured on local and national outlets including LA Weekly, Life & Style, Wake Up with Marci, and more. A graduate of Duke University Medical School, Dr. Weiss completed his general surgery residency in the University of California system and a Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery residency at the University of Miami. Board certified in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (American Board of Plastic Surgery), Dr. Weiss is also a Fellow (FACS) in the American College of Surgeons, Diplomate of the National Board of Medical Examiners, Member of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) and the Greater Jacksonville Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, and a volunteer with “Hands Healing Hearts,” which makes annual medical missions to South America to perform reconstructive surgery on patients with birth defects. Dr. Weiss lives with his wife Christine in sunny Jacksonville, Florida.  Buy the Book HereEducating Marston WebsiteNorth Florida Stem Cells WebsiteMedical Daily Article 

Credits: 0.75 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™   CME/CE Information and Claim Credit: https://www.pri-med.com/online-education/podcast/frankly-speaking-cme-500 Overview: To celebrate our 500th episode, each member of our team revisits a popular topic from the podcast's earlier installments—GLP-1s, cervical and breast cancer screening, diet and exercise, contraception, hypertension, and lipid management—to trace how the evidence and guidelines have changed since it was first covered. Whether you're catching up or reinforcing what you know, this milestone episode helps you bring the latest evidence into everyday patient care. Guest: Robert Baldor, MD, Alan Ehrlich, MD, Susan Feeney, DNP, FNP-BC; FAANP, Jillian Joseph, PA, Mariyan L. Montaque, DNP, FNP-BC, Jill Terrien PhD, ANP-BC, FAAN   Music Credit: Matthew Bugos Thoughts? Suggestions? Email us at FranklySpeaking@pri-med.com  Episode resource links:  Zhou H et al.  Evaluation and Comparison of the PREVENT and Pooled Cohort Equations for 10‐Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Prediction. Journal of the American Heart Association Volume 14, Number 4 Goff DC et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129:S49–S73. Circulation. 2018 Jul 24;138(4):345-355.  eClinicalMedicine 2025: 103741. Curry, J. (2018). Screening for cervical cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA.320(7):674-686. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10897 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30140884  Perkins RB, Wolf AMD, Church TR, et al. Self-collected vaginal specimens for human papillomavirus testing and guidance on screening exit: An update to the American Cancer Society cervical cancer screening guideline. CA Cancer J Clin. 2026;e70041. doi:10.3322/caac.70041   Screening for Cervical Cancer (2026). Obstetrics & Gynecology, 148(1), e63-e67. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000006257  Jad Zeitouni, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters, Yusuf Dundar, Gregory Zimet, Mark A. Varvares. (2025). Two decades of the HPV vaccine: its promise, progress, prospects, projections, and posterity, The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, (51), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2025.101243 Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 28, no. 6 (2026): 5043–5057, https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70698.  Relationship of early rapid weight loss to efficacy and safety of tirzepatide and semaglutide for obesity: SURMOUNT-5 post hoc analysis. Am J Med. 2026 Jul;139(7):913-921. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2026.03.010 US Preventive Services Task Force; Nicholson WK, Silverstein M, Wong JB, et al. Screening for breast cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2024;331(22):1918–1930.  Trentham-Dietz A, Chapman CH, Jayasekera J, et al. Collaborative modeling to compare different breast cancer screening strategies: a decision analysis for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2024;331(22):1931–1946. Giaquinto AN, Sung H, Miller KD, et al. Breast cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72(6):524–541.  Qaseem A, Harrod CS, Balk EM, et al. Screening for breast cancer in asymptomatic, average-risk adult females: a guidance statement from the American College of Physicians (Version 2). Ann Intern Med. 2026.:  American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2022–2024. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society, 2022.  Hu X, Chehal PK, Kaplan C, et al. Racial differences in patient-reported symptoms and adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy among women with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(8):e2225485.  Torres JM, Sodipo MO, Hopkins MF, Chandler PD, Warner ET. Racial differences in breast cancer survival between Black and White women according to tumor subtype: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2024;42(35):4225–4234.  Bailey ZD, Krieger N, Agénor M, Graves J, Linos N, Bassett MT. Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions. Lancet. 2017;389(10077):1453–1463. Hypertension. 2026;83:00–00. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.125.25787 Allen RH, Bartz D. Opill: The Over-the-Counter Contraceptive Pill. Obstet Gynecol. 2024;143(2):184-188. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000005455  Cahill EP, Kaur S. Advances in contraception research and development. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2020;32(6):393-398. doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000666  Charles DN, Nagarsheth M, Oshman L. Pain Management for IUD Insertion in Primary Care. Am Fam Physician. 2025;111(4):299-301.  Chen, C., Strasser, J., Banawa, R., Luo, Q., Bodas, M., Castruccio-Prince, C., Das, K., & Pittman, P. (2022). Who is providing contraception care in the United States? An observational study of the contraception workforce. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 226(2), 232.e1–232.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.08.015  Diedrich,J., Klein, D. Peipert, J.(2017). Long-acting reversible contraception in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Am J Ob Gyn, April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.12.024  Li RHW, Lo SST, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Fong CHY, Ho PC, Ng EHY. Oral emergency contraception with levonorgestrel plus piroxicam: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10405):851-858. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01240-0  Mørch LS, Meaidi A, Corn G, Hargreave M, Wessel Skovlund C. Breast Cancer in Users of Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Systems. JAMA. 2024;332(18):1578–1580. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.18575  Nguyen AT, Curtis KM, Tepper NK, et al. U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2024. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2024;73(4):1-126. Published 2024 Aug 8. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7304a1  Paradise SL, Landis CA, Klein DA. Evidence Based Contraception: Common Questions and Answers. American Family Physician. 2022. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2022/0900/contraception The views expressed in this podcast are those of Dr. Domino and his guests and do not necessarily reflect the views of Pri-Med.

— Today's conversation is about a health issue that affects millions of families but is rarely talked about openly. While it primarily impacts men, it often becomes a shared experience for couples. If your partner is waking up several times a night to use the bathroom, struggling with urinary symptoms, or simply saying, "It's just part of getting older," this episode is for you. Benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH, is an incredibly common condition as men age, yet many delay seeking help—even though effective treatments are available. The result isn't just interrupted sleep for them; it can affect the well-being, rest, intimacy, and quality of life of both partners. Today, we'll explore what BPH really is, the signs to look for, how to start compassionate conversations with a loved one, and the treatment options that can help men regain comfort, confidence, and a better quality of life. Joining us today is urologist Dr. Sravan Panuganti, who specializes in men's urologic health and is passionate about helping patients find effective, personalized solutions so they can get back to living life more fullyValeria sits with Dr. Sravan Panuganti — He is a urologist with Carolina Urology Partners and an assistant professor in urology at the Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine in Spartanburg, S.C. Dr. Panuganti completed his college education at the University of Pittsburgh. He then went on to medical school at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine and completed his residency in urological surgery at Jefferson New Jersey Hospitals in Southern New Jersey, followed by a fellowship in men's sexual medicine at MD Anderson Cancer Center and University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, Texas. He is also a fellow of the American College of Osteopathic Surgeons. His specialty interests in urology include benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and erectile dysfunction (ED). He believes in early intervention for BPH and is trained in a variety of treatment options. He lives in Charlotte with his wife, two kids, and dog. To learn more about Dr. Sravan Panuganti and his work, please visit: https://www.laborie.com/patients/conditions/optilume-for-bph/

In this episode, we chat with Dr. Athema Etzioni, Associate Professor and Section Chief of Clinical Pathology at Tuskegee University College of Veterinary Medicine. She shares her inspiring journey to becoming a veterinary clinical pathologist, educator, and leader, highlighting her passion for clinical pathology, mentorship, and student success. She discusses the power of blood smear evaluation, explains why hands-on diagnostics remain essential despite advances in automation, and illustrates how careful interpretation can dramatically impact patient care. Throughout the episode, Dr. Etzioni emphasizes the importance of representation, community, and inspiring the next generation of veterinary pathologists. Join us!   ____ Links ACVP Errors in Publication Portal William Inskeep II Scholarship, Due Sept 1 Harold W. Casey Scholarship, Due Sept 1 Phase I Examination Registration Deadline - Sept 15 2026 ACVP Annual Meeting, Nov 14-17 in Indianapolis, IN ACVP Official Website (Become a member or renew your membership, today!) ____ ACVP Social Media Facebook - ACVP Meetings and Topics Instagram - americancollegevetpath X (Twitter) - @ACVP LinkedIn - AMERICAN COLLEGE OF VETERINARY PATHOLOGISTS ____ Music: Guestlist by Podington Bear, licensed under an Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.  The contents of this audio do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists (ACVP) or the participants' affiliations. Spoken audio content and associated photos are the property of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists, 2026.     

Is fat good or bad for your heart? For decades, we blamed fat and cholesterol for clogged arteries and heart attacks. Now you choose low-fat yogurt to protect your heart, while others cook with beef tallow. In this episode, Dr. Alice Lichtenstein, a world-leading expert on dietary fat and heart health, helps settle the debate. Dr. Lichtenstein explains which fats protect your heart and which to cut back on, you'll learn what raises your cholesterol, and why the type of fat you eat matters more than how much of it you eat. You'll leave the episode with some practical food swaps to protect your heart and live longer. Have you swapped butter for "low-fat" alternatives loaded with sugar? Could that choice be working against your heart?

In this episode, Thomas K Varghese, Jr, MD, FACS, is joined by Erika Rangel, MD, FACS, from Brigham and Women's Hospital. They discuss Dr Rangel's recent article, “Flexibility Stigma and the Double Bind of Family Formation in Medical and Surgical Residency,” which found that flexibility stigma in residency discourages pregnant and parenting trainees from using needed work-life accommodations, creating harmful double binds between training expectations and personal well-being. Structural and cultural reforms are essential to support equity, retention, and trainee health.   Disclosure Information: All relevant conflicts have been mitigated and Drs Varghese and Rangel, moderators, have no relevant financial conflicts to disclose.   To earn 0.25 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™ for this episode of the JACS Operative Word Podcast, click here to register for the course and complete the evaluation. This activity has been designated as Credit to Address Regulatory Mandates in the following categories: Cultural Competency and Behavioral Health. Individuals MUST check with their state or local medical board, hospital, or organization to verify that the content does meet the specific requirements. Listeners can earn CME credit for this podcast for up to 2 years after the original air date.   Rangel EL, Zeineddine J, Lovejoy MC, et al. Flexibility Stigma and the Double Bind of Family Formation in Medical and Surgical Residency Journal of the American College of Surgeons. Published online May 21, 2026. doi:10.1097/XCS.0000000000002046   Learn more about the Journal of the American College of Surgeons, a monthly peer-reviewed journal publishing original contributions on all aspects of surgery, including scientific articles, collective reviews, experimental investigations, and more.   #JACSOperativeWord

If you've ever wondered whether your daily habits are quietly protecting your brain, or quietly working against it, this one's for you. Some of the most powerful things you can do for your memory, your focus, and your long-term brain health aren't found in a prescription. They're in your morning coffee, your nightly sleep, and the way you help your body recover every single day.I'm joined by returning guest expert Dr. David Perlmutter, a board-certified neurologist and 6-time New York Times bestselling author, to unpack the real science on the choices that shape cognitive function, metabolism, and longevity. We get into why coffee is so much more than caffeine, how deep sleep literally washes waste out of your brain overnight, why tracking your sleep might be one of the smartest health moves you make, and what the research actually says about infrared saunas, cold plunges, and heart rate variability. It's practical, it's evidence-based, and you can start using it today.What You'll Learn:• Why coffee is far more than caffeine, and the 90-plus bioactive compounds that may help protect your brain• The daily coffee sweet spot, and the "caffeine curfew" that guards your deep sleep• How to choose cleaner coffee: organic, mold-free, water-processed decaf, and why flavored blends are a gamble• Quality over quantity: why "I slept 8 hours" tells you almost nothing about your brain• How deep sleep activates the glymphatic system to wash away waste tied to cognitive decline, and the minimum you should aim for• The everyday habits that quietly sabotage restorative sleep, and why a wearable can help you fix them• What HRV really measures, why higher means more resilient, and simple ways to raise yours• Hot & Cold therapy: What the science says about infrared saunas and cold plunges, and why heat and cold may share the same protective pathways• A crucial caution for breast cancer survivors and anyone at risk for lymphedema before starting heat or cold therapy• The Mouthwash Habit Your Didn't Realize Is Harming You: The surprising connection between your mouth bacteria, mouthwash, blood pressure, and blood sugar• Brain-Boosting Movement: Why exercise acts like medicine, turning your muscles into hormone-producing organs that support your brain...and so much more!About Our Guest Expert:Dr. David Perlmutter is a board-certified neurologist, Fellow of the American College of Nutrition, and 6-time New York Times bestselling author. Recognized as one of the world's leading voices in brain health, he has spent decades translating cutting-edge neuroscience into practical strategies that help people reduce their risk of neurodegenerative disease and support lifelong wellness. He's the author of bestsellers including Grain Brain, Brain Wash, and Drop Acid, with his newest book, Brain Defenders, released in 2026.Connect with Dr. David Perlmutter:Instagram: @davidperlmutterFacebook: Dr. David PerlmutterWebsite: drperlmutter.com_________________________________________Get Cleaner, Regulated, Better Supplements for LessDid your last order of vitamins come off a big online overnight shipping platform but you have no idea how long it was sitting in an overheated warehouse?Or maybe those Omega-3's you take are actually rancid but you wouldn't know?That's why I'm excited to have found a platform that is not only efficacious and 3rd-party lab tested, but also regulated to have the ingredients in them that are on the label!And Fullscript has 100+ brands of supplements you may already be taking…only better. Safer. What your family needs.Yup — your one-stop shop for high-quality wellness and supplement products from brands people actually trust.Better still? I have been able to secure the most awesome discounts for you. Every order. Every day of the year. Even more savings with auto-ship.Whether you're leveling up your health routine, trying to stay consistent, or just attempting to remember to take your vitamins before 11 PM, Fullscript makes the whole process way easier.✨ Easy online ordering✨ Practitioner-trusted supplement brands✨ Personalized wellness support✨ Delivered straight to your door (because leaving the house is optional)Just click HERE to set up a free account. Or visit:https://us.fullscript.com/welcome/samanthaharris_store/store-start_________________________________________Why wash clothes with toxic cleaners? Try this instead!It shocked me that our laundry rooms are often one of the most toxic places in our homes.After breast cancer, I began changing out my personal care and beauty but didn't even think about my cleaning supplies.For laundry, I found a few brands that are really clean and free of harmful ingredients, but still searched for that fresh scent without the toxic junk.Found it finally! Here is the link to it (and you can message me to check to see if there are any great offers happening with current savings!CLICK THIS LINK for the details and get 100 FREE LOADS

(0:00) Thank you to all participants of the Boardroom Governance Summit (Aug 26-27, 2026)  (0:16) Intro *Boardroom Governance YouTube Channel launch. (1:45) About the podcast sponsor: The American College of Governance Counsel. (2:31) Start of interview.  (3:25) Origin Story of Marc Huffman (6:26) About OnBoard (10:35) AI Risks for SaaS and OnBoard (12:46) Directors Using AI in Shadows. His ideal board books. (17:05) Building a Better AI Policy (20:44) Agentic AI for Boards. Semantics search inside the board portal. (23:30) Recording Risks in Meetings (27:34) Improving Board Effectiveness (29:44) Public, Private, and Governance (32:50) The Private Markets Shift (37:37) AI and Board Dynamics. Empowering Independent Directors. (41:40) Semantic Search and Governance IQ Breakthrough (institutional memory). (44:15) Models, Costs, and Trust (47:26) Book that has greatly influenced his life: Shantaram, by Gregory David Roberts (2003) (48:17) His mentors (49:22) Quotes that he thinks of often or lives his life by "I'm a product of my own expectations" (49:43) An unusual habit or an absurd thing that he loves.  (50:35) The living person he most admires. Marc Huffman is the CEO of OnBoard, a global leader in digital board governance solutions, serving over 6,000 boards worldwide. You can follow Evan on social media at:Website: boardroom-governance.comX: @evanepsteinLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/epsteinevan/ Substack: https://evanepstein.substack.com/YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@BoardroomGovernance__To support this podcast you can join as a subscriber of the Boardroom Governance Newsletter at https://evanepstein.substack.com/__Music/Soundtrack (found via Free Music Archive): Seeing The Future by Dexter Britain is licensed under a Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License

McKenna West was pressured to abort baby Gabriel due to a diagnosis of a heart condition. She fled to Texas, gave birth, and because of legal interventions, baby Gabriel is alive and undergoing treatment. Dr. Jill Simons, Executive Director of the American College of Pediatricians, joins us to discuss this case and why pro-life doctors, laws, and practices matter to all children's well-being. Home - American College of Pediatricians (https://acpeds.org/)

Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death, while evolving guidelines and increasingly aggressive LDL cholesterol targets are changing how clinicians approach lipid management. Jodi Martinez, Pharmacist Clinical Specialist in Cardiology at the University of Colorado Hospital, part of UCHealth, joins Kerry Schwarz, Senior Clinical Manager for Evidence Based Medicine and Outcomes with the Vizient Center for Pharmacy Practice Excellence, to explore the emerging role of enlicitide in lipid management. They discuss the evidence behind its approval, its potential to expand patient access and where this first oral PCSK9 inhibitor may fit alongside existing therapies.   Guest Speaker: Dr. Jodi Martinez, Pharm.D., BCPS, BCCP, HF-CERT Pharmacist Clinical Specialist in Cardiology University of Colorado Hospital, UCHealth   Host:  Dr. Kerry Schwarz, Pharm.D., MPH Senior Clinical Manager, Evidence-Based Medicine and Outcomes Vizient Center for Pharmacy Practice Excellence    Show Notes:  [01:26] The limitations of current lipid management and why many high-risk patients still struggle to reach increasingly aggressive LDL cholesterol targets. How cost, prior authorization requirements and step therapy can create barriers to accessing injectable PCSK9 therapies. [03:27] The evidence behind enlicitide and findings from the CORALreef clinical trial supporting its FDA approval. How enlicitide performed across LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, ApoB and lipoprotein(a) endpoints, and why cardiovascular outcomes remain an important unanswered question. [06:37] An oral PCSK9 inhibitor could expand access by offering an alternative to specialty injectable therapies. Why retail pharmacy availability, cost and greater prescribing flexibility could help more patients receive intensive lipid lowering therapy. [08:11] The potential barriers to enlicitide adoption, including delays in formulary review, insurance coverage and the administrative burden placed on clinicians. The lack of published cardiovascular outcomes could influence payer coverage, formulary placement and early uptake. [10:15] Station remains the cornerstone of lipid management and where enlicitide may ultimately play a role Clinicians may consider the amount of LDL reduction a patient needs when choosing among available therapies.   Links and Resources: 2022 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the Role of Nonstatin Therapies for LDL-Cholesterol Lowering in the Management of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee 2026 ACC/AHA/AACVPR/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Dyslipidemia: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines   Subscribe Today! Apple Podcasts Spotify YouTube RSS Feed    

Credits: 0.25 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™   CME/CE Information and Claim Credit: https://www.pri-med.com/online-education/podcast/frankly-speaking-cme-499 Overview: Stay in the know with this breakdown of the latest American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations for lipid testing and management. New approaches to evaluating hyperlipidemia, as well as limitations of the updated guidelines, are discussed to provide you with practical strategies for tailoring treatment decisions to individual patient risk. Episode resource links: Writing Committee Members, Blumenthal RS, Morris PB, et al. 2026 ACC/AHA/AACVPR/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Dyslipidemia: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2026;153(17):e1154-e1276.  Guest: Alan M. Ehrlich, MD, FAAFP   Music Credit: Matthew Bugos Thoughts? Suggestions? Email us at FranklySpeaking@pri-med.com  The views expressed in this podcast are those of Dr. Domino and his guests and do not necessarily reflect the views of Pri-Med.

Credits: 0.25 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™   CME/CE Information and Claim Credit: https://www.pri-med.com/online-education/podcast/frankly-speaking-cme-499 Overview: Stay in the know with this breakdown of the latest American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations for lipid testing and management. New approaches to evaluating hyperlipidemia, as well as limitations of the updated guidelines, are discussed to provide you with practical strategies for tailoring treatment decisions to individual patient risk. Episode resource links: Writing Committee Members, Blumenthal RS, Morris PB, et al. 2026 ACC/AHA/AACVPR/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Dyslipidemia: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2026;153(17):e1154-e1276.  Guest: Alan M. Ehrlich, MD, FAAFP   Music Credit: Matthew Bugos Thoughts? Suggestions? Email us at FranklySpeaking@pri-med.com  The views expressed in this podcast are those of Dr. Domino and his guests and do not necessarily reflect the views of Pri-Med.

Ralph welcomes Dr. Mimi Syed to discuss the recent report from Brown University's Costs of War Project: “Lethal Precision Without Accountability: Israeli Government ‘Quadcopter' Use in Gaza.” Then, Ralph speaks to Joel McCleary (former Deputy Assistant to President Jimmy Carter and international consultant) about his “Dancing in the Dark” essay series on the strategies that Trump is using to hold onto power at almost any cost.Dr. Mimi Syed is an emergency medicine physician and assistant clinical professor at University of Washington and Washington State University, and a fellow of the American College of Emergency Physicians. Dr. Syed served in Gaza at both al-Aqsa Hospital and Nasser Hospital, where she documented severe injuries from drone strikes and she has firsthand experience treating civilians targeted by the IDF. She is co-author of the Costs of War Project's new report: Lethal Precision Without Accountability: Israeli Government “Quadcopter” Use in Gaza.A lot of the attention has essentially fallen off from Gaza because of this so-called ceasefire…And the media (Western media) unfortunately is complicit in this—has no interest in covering Gaza, has no interest in covering the ongoing slaughter that's happening in Gaza.Dr. Mimi SyedThe irony of all of this is that the drones and the capabilities that these drones have to shoot and to distinguish between a civilian and a combatant—the whole purpose of this is to mitigate civilian harm. And instead, perversely, they're being used for the opposite. They're being used to target civilians and children. And in the U.N. report, they specifically talk about a soldier describing the experience, saying that it's like a video game. He can be sitting somewhere far away, away from the dangers of a military zone, away from the dangers of combatants, and essentially target whoever he wants, and shoot. And these drones have the capability of distinguishing between a child, an adult, a combatant. And most of these cases that I documented, the child was by themselves. There was no other adult harmed.Dr. Mimi SyedJoel McCleary served as Deputy Assistant to the President during the Carter Administration. As president of the Sawyer-Miller Group he oversaw international strategic advisory work for fourteen prime ministers and presidents. Currently, he is Managing Partner of Four Seasons Ventures, which has conducted in-depth studies for the Department of Defense and Department of Homeland Security on biodefense. These studies reviewed the emergency powers of the President in the event of a pandemic or major biological weapons attack. He is co-founder of the nonpartisan nonprofit Keep Our Republic.November 3rd is just the prelude to January 3rd—the game (so to speak) is who controls the Speakership. And that is determined by the certified members who are certified by the current House—they will determine who meets on January 3rd. So obviously what Trump does not want (or any President does not want) is there to be an opposing party's Speaker.Joel McClearyWe're not saying that anything is inevitable. We're just saying what is possible if you look at what they're saying and if you look at where they might go if they feel compelled to do so. So NSPM-7 is probably the most frightening aspect of this whole thing. And what's most frightening is how few people have focused on it. All of us need to read these documents at the ACLU (the Brennan Center has done fantastic work). And Mark Medish and I just are appalled that still, in Democratic circles or other circles, we are not yet comprehending the meaning of NSPM-7 and how it threatens each one of us in reality.Joel McClearyNews 8/21/26* This week, another round of primaries were held, most notably in Florida. For progressives, the biggest victory is that of Angie Nixon, a DSA-backed member of the Florida House of Representatives, representing Jacksonville. Nixon trounced her opponent – Alex Vindman, who testified against Trump during the 2019 impeachment effort – winning 56% of the vote to his 44% despite being outspent by a margin of 16 to 1. Forbes reports that in her victory speech, Nixon said “We have proved that everyday people are more powerful than corporations and billionaires…We went up against the political establishment, against millions of dollars of outside spending…and we won. This win was for the little guys and girls…We, the hardworking everyday people of Florida, sent a shock wave to the Washington, D.C., establishment.” Unfortunately, Nixon's candidacy, like that of any statewide Democratic campaign in the Sunshine State, remains a long shot. The last Democrat to win a U.S. Senate seat in Florida was former astronaut Bill Nelson in 2012.* More disappointing were the down-ballot results in these primaries. In the 20th congressional district, a majority-minority district centered on Broward County, Debbie Wasserman Schultz won with 45% of the vote, according to NBC. She defeated four Black candidates, including young progressive Elijah Manley. Wasserman Schultz previously represented the 25th district, but following the Republican-led mid-decade redistricting program carried out in Florida, she opted to seek reelection in this heavily Democratic seat. The Black candidates had tried and failed to consolidate behind a single choice.* And in Florida's 25th congressional district, ultra-zionist incumbent Congressman Jared Moskowitz “warded off” a challenge from his left in the form of Oliver Larkin, a DSA-backed union organizer. Larkin drew substantial media attention, first when he appeared on Fox and, asked about immigration and crime, he demanded accountability for “this pedophile president Donald Trump” and others implicated in the Jeffrey Epstein scandal and again during an interview with WPLG Local 10 when Larkin was “faced with genocide denial.” According to the Middle East Eye, Larkin “raised the topic of Israel's genocide in Gaza, pointing to statements and findings from institutions such as the United Nations, Amnesty International and Israeli human rights organisation B'Tselem,” which the interviewer, Glenna Milberg incorrectly dismissed as “factually incorrect.” Larkin “outlined Israel's deliberate targeting of civilians, restrictions on humanitarian aid and attacks on churches, schools and other places of worship,” and Milberg again “interrupted and said his account was ‘factually not correct.'” The Middle East Eye writes that the exchange was then “cut short when Milberg said she was being told they had to wrap up the interview.”* Turning to Texas, NOTUS reports Democratic Senate nominee James Talarico – capitalizing on the acrimonious primary battle between sitting Republican Senator John Cornyn and his victorious primary opponent Texas AG Ken Paxton – has taken the extraordinary step of bringing a Cornyn aide onto his campaign. According to this piece, “Jacob Smith, who worked for Cornyn for five years as a deputy legislative director and policy adviser, is taking on the role of deputy policy director for Talarico's campaign.” In a statement, Smith said that he is “proud” to join Talarico's campaign and that “Instead of playing partisan politics, Talarico speaks to the needs of everyday people who day in and day out work too hard for too little.” Smith also laid into Paxton, calling him “the most corrupt, self-dealing politician in Texas who would sell their futures to the highest contributor just to hold onto power,” and urging “fellow Republicans who know Ken Paxton is unfit to serve in the Senate to finally hold him accountable at the ballot box.” This piece quotes an anonymous “Republican operative” who characterized this kind of “cross-party hire” as “unheard of.” He added that Talarico has a “better chance than any Democrat has had in the state in a very long time.”* In more primary news, last week we discussed the victory of former Hartford, Connecticut Mayor Luke Bronin over 14-term incumbent Congressman John Larson. That same day, the Lever published an exposé of Stephen Mandel, a Connecticut-based billionaire hedge fund manager and Democratic mega-donor who is the “largest bankroller of a nascent political machine promising to ‘redefine' the Democratic Party.” Via two organizations – Majority Democrats and the Bench – Mandel and his wife have funneled tens of millions of dollars to candidates of their choosing in an attempt to form a “new [political] center.” According to this report, Bronin amassed a “sizable war chest,” during his primary challenge against Larson, much of which traces back to Mandel. Not only that, apparently, Bronin “used to be on the payroll of a nonprofit funded by the billionaire,” and his campaign's policy stances reflect the network's preferences and priorities. The Lever notes that, perhaps unsurprisingly, the Mandels did not return their requests for comment.* In more Connecticut news, in the wake of Larson's defeat, local media is beginning to question whether Senator Richard Blumenthal should run for another term in 2028, with WTNH noting that he will be 82 at the end of his current term. While Blumenthal has not formally announced that he will run for a fourth senate term, he did confirm that he has a campaign committee and it is raising money. This piece notes that Blumenthal is the second oldest member of Connecticut's congressional delegation, behind only Congresswoman Rosa DeLauro, 83, who represents the state's third congressional district. With the increased scrutiny on aging Democrats, and donors like Stephen Mandel bankrolling primary challenges by younger candidates, Blumenthal's decision of whether or not to run or anoint a successor could prove critical. For his part, Blumenthal is quoted saying “Age is a state of mind…and I am very, very happy doing my job right now, as energetically as I feel is appropriate.”* Senator Blumenthal features prominently in another story this week from a different part of Washington. NOTUS reports that on K Street, lobbyists for the defense industry – literally the military industrial complex – are “girding for aggressive investigations of President Donald Trump's Pentagon and the companies that do business with it,” if the Democrats retake one or both houses of Congress in the midterm elections. This piece emphasizes that Democrats have “spent two years seething that the Trump administration shut Congress out of decisions about the Pentagon, from the Iran war to politically connected contractors and a defense budget that's ballooned to $1.5 trillion.” Lobbyists are reported to be particularly wary of their clients being caught between outraged congressional Democrats and an uncooperative White House for the next two years. Blumenthal, the top Democrat on the Senate Investigations Subcommittee, is already zeroing in on 1789 Capital, where Donald Trump Jr. is an investor, and American Ventures, where Eric Trump is an investor, both of which received billions of dollars in government awards. He is quoted saying “We need to look into whether Trump's sons are profiting from investments in defense contractors that involve insider information or contracts awarded in ways that compromise defense interests.” Other investigations he signaled they might pursue include a probe of “the administration's growing reliance on single-source contracts and whether the administration has given preferential treatment to companies with political ties, particularly those that donated to Trump's White House ballroom project.” In the House, Democrats on the Armed Services Committee will likely focus on “military strategy, acquisition decisions and the Pentagon's rapidly growing budget,” while the Oversight Committee, is more focused on “corruption, conflicts of interest, companies connected to Trump allies such as SpaceX and other ethics issues.” When Republicans won control of the House, Senate, and presidency in 2024, many lobbying firms axed their Democratic staff. It seems they are beginning to regret that decision.* Our next two stories have to do with the AI boom. First, in Wisconsin, the politics of AI data centers have come to in large part define the ongoing race to succeed Democrat Tony Evers as Governor. DSA-backed candidate Francesca Hong rode her vow of a moratorium on new data center construction to front-runner status in the primary, only to lose by a hair to Evers' last minute chosen successor, David Crowley. Since becoming the nominee, Crowley has refused to adopt Hong's signature issue and his opponent, Republican Congressman Tom Tiffany is taking full advantage. According to Wisconsin Public Radio, Tiffany's campaign has released a new TV ad labeling his opponent “data center David Crowley.” In the ad, Crowley is “seen saying Wisconsin has the opportunity to be ‘an AI and a data hub not only for the entire country, but for the entire globe.'” Ironically, Tiffany himself has cast “pro-data center votes in Congress” and Crowley's campaign argues that Tiffany “wouldn't be as hard on developers as his campaign claims,” though he is now campaigning on “ending state subsidies for data centers and creating additional protections for ratepayers and the state's farmland and water.”* Next, a stunning feat of reporting by 404 Media exposed how “Amazon is buying massive quantities of books, scanning them for AI training data, and destroying them in the process.“ To investigate this, the outlet placed a tracking device in a rare book that they suspected would be acquired by an AI company for training data. Then, when indeed it was, they followed the book around the country to its final destination – an Amazon warehouse in Las Vegas, Nevada – where employees say that “all [they] do is scan books..Some are assigned to cut books, and others go to receive where they get books and scan the bar codes.” The printed book is destroyed in the process. The logo of the Amazon team that works at this warehouse, called VGT3, is a dinosaur, brandishing its teeth and with a book in its hands. The piece notes that the AI company Anthropic has previously been sued for engaging in the practice of destroying rare books in order to feed them into their large language models, or LLMs, on copyright grounds, but the “judge in the lawsuit ruled it was fair use and not a copyright violation for Anthropic to scan a book for training data in part because it destroyed the original, printed copy.” The author of this piece notes that these rare books are not necessarily monetarily valuable – they could be rare because “not many copies of them were ever printed,” or “they are in a foreign language not many people speak.” Still, as one bookseller said “There are different types of value…[besides monetary value] There's historical value, intellectual value, sentimental value. All sorts of things, and all of those the AI companies don't care about. They just want the content as a bunch of words strung together.”* Finally, we turn to the Vatican, where, Drop Site reports, Pope Leo XIV is using his pulpit to call for the opening of humanitarian corridors for civilians in Sudan. In his weekly Angelus address, the first American Pope highlighted “the plight of civilians in the besieged city of el-Obeid.” In addition to his call for humanitarian corridors, the pontiff called for both sides to “cease attacks on civilian targets.” Drop Site explains that El-Obeid, the largest city in Kordofan – the region comprising central Sudan – has faced intense drone attacks as the rebels of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) battle the Sudanese army for supremacy in the region. An RSF siege has “left over 500,000 people in famine conditions for months and without supplies.” The United Nations warns that if El-Obeid falls, it could follow in the mold of el-Fasher, which fell to the RSF last year and resulted in “mass ethnic cleansing massacres by the RSF that killed an estimated 60,000 people.” We can only hope that the world will heed the Pope's plea for peace and humanitarian assistance to the civilian population of Sudan.This has been Francesco DeSantis, with In Case You Haven't Heard. Get full access to Ralph Nader Radio Hour at www.ralphnaderradiohour.com/subscribe

Send us Fan MailToday we're releasing a new episode from a brand new series called the Boundless Body Radio Heritage Series! I wanted to do something extra special to celebrate 1,000 podcast episodes recorded here at Boundless Body Radio, a milestone that we hit on June 24, 2026!These episodes are actually not new, although they might be new to you! When we first got started back in October, 2020, I was so fortunate that so many incredible people said "YES" to being hosted on the show, however, we didn't have very many listeners at the time!Today, we get thousands of downloads every single month, and are usually included in the top 150 Fitness and Nutrition Podcasts on the Apple Podcast charts!To honor our amazing guests, I will be selecting one of those original episodes and posting them here on for this special series!As I was going through these episodes again, I remembered how valuable these conversations actually were. it was really striking how much the information these experts have shared has born out to be even more accurate several years later.The audio quality of a show was not as good back then as it is now, but I still really hope you enjoy these episodes, and find them relevant and helpful to you today!Cheers, thanks as always for listening, and I really hope you enjoy this episode of the Boundless Body Radio Heritage Series!Dr. Thomas Seyfried is a returning guest on our show! Be sure to check out his first appearance on Boundless Body Radio on episode 60, which one of the most fascinating discussions we've ever had, all about cancer as a metabolic disease! He was also hosted on episode 363 of our podcast.Thomas N. Seyfried received his Ph.D. in Genetics and Biochemistry from the University of Illinois, Urbana, in 1976. He was a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Neurology at the Yale University School of Medicine and then served on the faculty as an Assistant Professor in Neurology. Other awards and honors have come from such diverse organizations as the American Oil Chemists Society, the National Institutes of Health, The American Society for Neurochemistry, the Ketogenic Diet Special Interest Group of the American Epilepsy Society, the Academy of Comprehensive and Complementary Medicine, and the American College of Nutrition.Dr. Seyfried has over 150 peer-reviewed publications and is the author of the book, Cancer as a Metabolic Disease: On the Origin, Management, and Prevention of Cancer (Wiley, 1st ed., 2012).Find Dr. Seyfried at-https://foundationformetaboliccancertherapies.com/Movie, coming soon- CANCERREVOLUTION: A Cancer Science Documentary with Dr. Seyfried and former podcast guest Travis Christofferson.Find Boundless Body at-myboundlessbody.comFind Boundless Body at-myboundlessbody.comBook a session with us here! 

This mini-series on Behind the Knife will delve into the technical aspects of the Operative Standards for Cancer Surgery, developed through the American College of Surgeons Cancer Research Program. This third episode highlights the Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary cancer operative standard.Hosts:Eliza W. Beal, MD, FACS (X: @ElizaWBealMD) is a Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary surgeon at the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute in Detroit. She is also an associate professor of Oncology and Surgery at Wayne State University School of Medicine.Morgan Jackson, MD is a general surgery resident at the Detroit Medical Center and Wayne State University in Detroit, MI.Daniel Nelson, MD, FACS, FSSO (X: @DWNelsonHPB) is a Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary surgeon at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center - Chattanooga.Hop Sanderson Tran Cao, MD, FACS (X: @HopSTranCao) is a Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary surgeon at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Guest:Alice Wei, MD is a Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary surgeon at Memorial Sloan Kettering and associate professor of surgery at Weill Cornell School of Medicine. Dr. Wei contributed to the development of the operative standards for HPB surgery. Learning Objectives: The goals of this podcast are to provide education about the standards, generate discussion, and offer technical pearls to both oncologic specialists and general surgeons, to all of whom these standards apply. In this podcast we discuss the operative standards for liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma, which includes that the surgeon should: (1) perform a thorough inspection of the liver and abdomen, either laparoscopically or open, including performing liver ultrasound, and (2) should resect all lesions to macroscopically negative margins, preferably with an anatomic resection. Our guest Dr. Wei also provides technical tips, pearls for improving skills performing and interpreting liver ultrasound, and discusses the role of lymphadenectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. References: Operative Standards for Cancer Surgery, Volume 3: Sarcoma, Adrenal, Neuroendocrine, Peritoneal, Urothelial, Hepatobiliary https://www.facs.org/quality-programs/cancer-programs/cancer-surgery-standards-program/operative-standards-for-cancer-surgery/purchase/ Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.  If you liked this episode, check out our recent episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/listenBehind the Knife Premium: https://behindtheknife.org/premiumOral Board Review: https://behindtheknife.org/oral-boardOral Board Simulator: https://behindtheknife.org/oral-board/simulatorGeneral Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/general-surgery-oral-board-reviewTrauma Surgery Video Atlas: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/trauma-surgery-video-atlasDominate Surgery: A High-Yield Guide to Your Surgery Clerkship: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/dominate-surgery-a-high-yield-guide-to-your-surgery-clerkshipDominate Surgery for APPs: A High-Yield Guide to Your Surgery Rotation: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/dominate-surgery-for-apps-a-high-yield-guide-to-your-surgery-rotationVascular Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/vascular-surgery-oral-board-reviewColorectal Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/colorectal-surgery-oral-board-reviewSurgical Oncology Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/surgical-oncology-oral-board-reviewCardiothoracic Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/cardiothoracic-surgery-oral-board-reviewOBGYN Oral Board Review Coures: https://behindtheknife.org/course/obgyn-oral-board-reviewEPA Playbook: https://behindtheknife.org/course/epa-playbookSurgical Instrument Flashcards: https://behindtheknife.org/course/surgical-instrument-flashcardsABSITE Review: https://behindtheknife.org/course/absite-2026-exam-reviewDownload our App:Apple App Store: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/behind-the-knife/id1672420049Android/Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.btk.app&hl=en_US

Interview starts at 27:10   The neuroscience of spiritual awakening, how Kundalini yoga shaped her life, and why she believes listening inward is especially important in a time of cultural confusion. She also explains how her work in geriatric psychiatry connects spirituality, brain health, stress regulation, and prevention strategies for aging populations. Helen Lavretsky, MD, MS, is a Professor In-Residence in the Department of Psychiatry at UCLA (Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior), a leading geriatric integrative psychiatrist, and a pioneer in mind-body approaches to late-life mental health. https://drhelenlavretsky.com/book/living-from-the-soul/ https://drhelenlavretsky.com/about/   In this episode: Dr. Helen Lavretsky shares her unusual path from the former Soviet Union into psychiatry, neuroscience, and later Kundalini yoga teacher training. She explains how growing up in an atheist Soviet environment still left room for underground spirituality passed through families and oral tradition. She describes a six-month temporary enlightenment experience after Kundalini practice and why it was physically intense, hard to describe, and initially unsustainable. The conversation focuses on her book Living from the Soul and the idea that people are increasingly being pushed to trust their own wisdom instead of outside authorities. She discusses how spirituality shows up in geriatric psychiatry, especially for older adults, dementia caregivers, and long COVID patients dealing with mortality and stress. She argues that meditation, breathing practices, yoga, tai chi, and qigong can improve self-regulation, brain health, and decision-making under pressure. She outlines how brain health should be cultivated across the lifespan, starting in childhood and even in utero, rather than only addressed later in life. She notes that lifestyle factors such as sleep, movement, diet, and stress management matter for dementia prevention and broader cognitive resilience. She emphasizes that meaning, purpose, and connection to soul are central to mental well-being. Key frameworks: Soul-based self-inquiry- asking inwardly what is right for you rather than defaulting to external authority Brain health across the lifespan- prevention beginning in childhood and even before birth Stress self-regulation toolkit- breathing, meditation, yoga, tai chi, and qigong as practical nervous-system supports Constitutional approach to diet- different people may need different foods based on ancestry, metabolism, and predisposition   Become a Lord or Lady with 1k donations over time. And a Noble with any donation. Leave Serfdom behind and help Grimerica stick to 0 ads and sponsors and fully listener supported. Thanks for listening!! Help support the show, because we can't do it without ya. http://www.grimerica.ca/support Secret Teachings Esoteric Book Club audiobook library. www.skool.com/audiobooks Pegs and Jokers - Card and peg boardgame online for free https://pegsandjokers.ca/ https://www.simulationmaps.com/#products Suite of Interactive Maps! DisasterMap, VolcanoSim, AsteroidSim, ShipwreckMap, UFOMap etc https://www.amazon.com/Unlearned-School-Failed-What-About/dp/1998704904/ref=sr_1_3?sr=8-3   Support the show directly: https://open.spotify.com/show/2punSyd9Cw76ZtvHxMKenI?si=ImKxfMHgQZ-oshl499O4dQ&nd=1&dlsi=4c25fa9c78674de3 Watch or Listen on Spotify https://grimericacbd.com/ CBD / THC Gummies and Tinctures https://www.patreon.com/grimerica http://www.grimericaoutlawed.ca/support   Our audio book website: www.adultbrain.ca Check out our next trip/conference/meetup - Contact at the Cabin www.contactatthecabin.com www.grimerica.ca/shrooms and Micro Dosing Darren's book www.acanadianshame.ca Join the chat / hangout with a bunch of fellow Grimericans Https://t.me.grimerica grimerica.ca/chats   Discord Chats https://itunes.apple.com/ca/podcast/grimerica-outlawed Sign up for our newsletter https://grimerica.substack.com/ SPAM Graham = and send him your synchronicities, feedback, strange experiences and psychedelic trip reports!! graham@grimerica.com Purchase swag, with partial proceeds donated to the show: www.grimerica.ca/swag Send us a postcard or letter http://www.grimerica.ca/contact/ Episode ART - Napolean Duheme's site http://www.lostbreadcomic.com/ MUSIC https://brokeforfree.bandcamp.com/ - Something Galactic Felix's Site sirfelix.bandcamp.com - Should I       Timestamps: (00:00) Technical start and introducing Dr. Helen Lavretsky and her new book (01:15) Helen's background in geriatric psychiatry and the science-spirituality bridge (02:45) Growing up in the Soviet Union and an early attraction to psychiatry (03:59) First Kundalini yoga experience and the start of her spiritual-scientific merger (05:25) Death, dying, and why mortality became a lifelong theme in her work (06:10) Lanai, early Kundalini practice, and rapid changes in health and temperament (07:35) Temporary enlightenment and the difficulty of describing spiritual states (09:59) Why she wrote the book and how the world is changing around spirituality (12:27) Crumbling old structures and learning to depend on inner wisdom (14:14) What happens when spirituality is suppressed in the Soviet system (16:55) The shift from religion to spirituality, atheism, and changing belief patterns (19:07) Why the soul matters and how her meditation work helps people connect (21:24) How to tell soul guidance apart from self-talk and mental noise (22:29) Family reactions, including her mother's skepticism (23:27) Atheism as a spiritual belief system and its place on the spectrum (25:00) Materialism, duality, and the limits of studying non-material experience (27:35) Meaning and purpose as measures of spirituality (28:09) Yoga, tai chi, and stress regulation in aging and chronic illness (30:04) Staying calm during the Los Angeles fires while teaching breathing practices (31:06) Yoga, cognition, gray matter, and reducing inflammation (32:03) Young people, social media, the pandemic, and declining resilience (35:11) Prevention strategies for Alzheimer's and dementia starting in midlife (36:36) Brain health across the lifespan, including early childhood and in utero (38:30) Simple breathing tools kids can learn for resilience and self-regulation (39:39) Dementia, Alzheimer's, cholesterol, and lifestyle factors (41:19) Why there is no magical one-food cure and why sardine-fasting is not a silver bullet (43:15) The Mediterranean diet, processed foods, seed oils, and nuts (47:18) Supplements she uses for brain health, including B vitamins, vitamin D, fish oil, ginkgo, and adaptogens (49:51) Ancestry, blood type, constitution, and why one diet does not fit everyone (52:24) Local food, microbiome health, and eating in tune with your environment (53:18) What the book covers beyond spirituality: trauma, psychedelics, technology, and authenticity (55:22) Why she wants people to ask their own intuition instead of outsourcing authority (56:30) Where to find her book and follow her work       Dr. Helen Lavretsky is a Professor In-Residence in the Department of Psychiatry at UCLA and a geriatric integrative psychiatrist with federally funded research program in geriatric depression and integrative mental health using mind-body interventions. She directs a clinical and research program in Integrative Psychiatry. She is a recipient of the Career Development award from the NIMH and the NCCIH, and the recipient of the 2020 Distinguished Investigator awards for research in geriatric psychiatry from the American College of Psychiatrists and the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, and the Jack Weinberg Memorial Award in Geriatric Psychiatry from the American Psychiatric Association. She is the Distinguished Life Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association, the Distinguished Fellow of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, and the Fellow of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. She is the President of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry.

CardioNerds (Drs. Dr. Natalie Marrero, Dr. Ritika Tuli, and Dr. Rafael Toro Manotas) discuss multimodality imaging for risk stratification, evaluation, and management of chronic coronary artery disease with Dr. Panithaya Chareonthaitawee. Audio editing by CardioNerds intern Iman Razeghian. This episode was produced as part of the CardioNerds Academy curriculum by House Taussig under the guidance of House Chief, Dr. Natalie Marrero and Academy Program Director, Dr. Gurleen Kaur. A matching review article will be published in US Cardiology Review, the official journal of CardioNerds. This discussion was planned in collaboration with the Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Board Review Course. In this episode, we discuss the pathophysiology and risk stratification of chronic coronary artery disease (CAD), as well as the current landscape of non-invasive evaluation of this condition. CAD remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality despite advances in pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic disease. The concept of chronic CAD has shifted from the traditional model of stable, obstructive, flow-limiting disease, toward the current understanding of a dynamic process that extends beyond obstructive epicardial lesions to include non-obstructive plaque, diffuse atherosclerosis, and microvascular disease. Similarly, the imaging modalities used to evaluate CAD have evolved, and clinicians now have an extensive menu of options, each with distinct advantages and limitations, that must be selected carefully to maximize diagnostic accuracy and optimize treatment guidance, while also considering resource availability, local expertise, and high-value care. By the end of the episode, listeners will understand the pathophysiology of chronic CAD, risk-stratify patients with suspected CAD, recognize the advantages and pitfalls of each non-invasive diagnostic modality, and select the most appropriate diagnostic tool for a given clinical scenario. Enjoy this Circulation 2022 Paths to Discovery article to learn about the CardioNerds story, mission, and values. CardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademyCardionerds Healy Honor Roll CardioNerds Journal ClubSubscribe to The Heartbeat Newsletter!Check out CardioNerds SWAG!Become a CardioNerds Patron! Pearls: Chronic CAD is a complex process that extends beyond obstructive epicardial stenosis to include non-obstructive disease, dynamic plaque burden and ischemia, diffuse atherosclerosis, microvascular dysfunction, vasospasm, among others. When evaluating patients with suspected CAD, the diagnostic process should be guided by a specific and appropriate clinical question before ordering any tests. The current diagnostic tool arsenal is broadly divided into anatomic and functional imaging modalities. These are complementary, each with distinct properties and limitations, addressing different clinical questions and assessing different aspects of disease. Local availability and expertise, along with patient-specific considerations and contraindications, determine the choice of diagnostic modality. No single test is best for every patient. INOCA and coronary microvascular dysfunction represent a common and increasingly recognized entity that is diagnosable and treatable; initial evaluation includes non-invasive testing such as stress PET and stress CMR. References Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, et al. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021;144(22):e368-e454. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001029 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34709879/ Vrints C, Andreotti F, Koskinas KC, et al. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2024;45(36):3415-3537. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae177 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39210710/ Virani SS, Newby LK, Arnold SV, et al. 2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Chronic Coronary Disease: A Report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2023;148(9):e9-e119. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001168 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37471501/ Edvardsen T, Asch FM, Davidson B, et al. Non-Invasive Imaging in Coronary Syndromes: Recommendations of The European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography, in Collaboration with The American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, and Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2022;35(4):329-354. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2021.12.012 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35379446/ Douglas PS, Hoffmann U, Patel MR, et al. Outcomes of anatomical versus functional testing for coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(14):1291-1300. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1415516 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39210710/ Sharma A, Coles A, Sekaran NK, et al. Stress Testing Versus CT Angiography in Patients With Diabetes and Suspected Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(8):893-902. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.056 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30819356/ SCOT-HEART Investigators, Newby DE, Adamson PD, et al. Coronary CT Angiography and 5-Year Risk of Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(10):924-933. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1805971 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30145934/ Li Z, Xu T, Wang Z, et al. Prognostic Significance of Computed Tomography-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve for Long-Term Outcomes in Individuals With Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2025;14(2):e037988. doi:10.1161/JAHA.124.037988 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39791423/ Bateman TM, Al-Mallah MH, et al. Clinical indications for positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging and myocardial blood flow quantification: An American Society of Nuclear Cardiology position statement. J Nucl Cardiol. 2026;57:102619. doi:10.1016/j.nuclcard.2025.102619 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41482140/ Taqueti VR, Di Carli MF. Coronary Microvascular Disease Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Options: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(21):2625-2641. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.09.042 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30466521/ Taqueti VR, Hachamovitch R, Murthy VL, et al. Global coronary flow reserve is associated with adverse cardiovascular events independently of luminal angiographic severity and modifies the effect of early revascularization. Circulation. 2015;131(1):19-27. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011939 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25400060/ Mehta PK, Huang J, Levit RD, Malas W, Waheed N, Bairey Merz CN. Ischemia and no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA): A narrative review. Atherosclerosis. 2022;363:8-21. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.11.009 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36423427/ Kunadian V, Chieffo A, Camici PG, et al. An EAPCI Expert Consensus Document on Ischaemia with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries in Collaboration with European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Coronary Pathophysiology & Microcirculation Endorsed by Coronary Vasomotor Disorders International Study Group. EuroIntervention. 2021;16(13):1049-1069. doi:10.4244/EIJY20M07_01 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32624456/

“We can choose our brain's destiny,” says David Perlmutter, MD. Perlmutter is a Board-Certified Neurologist and six-time New York Times bestselling author whose work focuses on the intersection of neurology, nutrition, and brain health. He is on the Board of Directors of the American College of Nutrition and the Editorial Board of the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. His books, including the #1 bestseller Grain Brain, has been published in 32 languages and sold over a million copies. Perlmutter lectures globally at leading institutions and has been featured on major media outlets including 20/20, CNN, The Today Show, and Oprah. His new book, Brain Defenders, focuses on the pivotal role of microglia, the brain's immune cells, in protecting, repairing, and reprogramming the brain for lifelong resilience, and is now available for pre-order. 00:00 - Treating the symptoms, not the cause  02:37 - Microglial cells & their evil twin state  05:44 - How metabolism affects the brain  08:00 - Gut bacteria, inflammation, & brain degeneration  11:38 - Why lifestyle beats the APOE4 gene  16:25 - Perlmutter's daily routine 23:55 - Loneliness & oxytocin  26:21 - The effects of long COVID on the brain 32:18 - Glyphosate & other environmental factors  39:20 - Reprogramming microglia & mitochondrial transplants  41:35 - Own your brain's destiny Referenced in the episode:  For more about Perlmutter, visit his website: https://drperlmutter.com/  Alzheimers & UPFs study: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjpad.2024.100042  POINTER study - https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2837046  20-week Alzheimer's study:  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13195-024-01482-z  Golf course & Parkinson's study: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2833716  We hope you enjoy this episode, and feel free to watch the full video on YouTube! Whether it's an article or podcast, we want to know what we can do to help here at mindbodygreen. Let us know at: podcast@mindbodygreen.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A rash baffled 25 years of dermatologists. It disappeared in a week once Dr. Steven Zodkoy traced it to a childhood memory. Here's what that case, and the concept of a "biofilm," has to do with your migraines and your bladder. Dr. Chris Motley sits down with Dr. Steven Zodkoy, a chiropractor and applied kinesiologist who became the first in his field to pass the American College of Nutrition exam, a credential previously reserved for MDs and PhDs. Thirty-five years into practice, Dr. Zodkoy specializes in the patient conventional medicine gave up on: the migraine sufferer, the "recurring UTI" patient who never actually had a UTI, the chronic fatigue case with a normal bloodwork panel. His framework rests on one idea most doctors do not test for: the biofilm, a sticky protective layer that bacteria, viruses, mold, and parasites lay down to hide from the immune system and from treatment. Once one pathogen builds a biofilm, Zodkoy argues, it invites others in, which is why a "cured" infection so often resurfaces as something else entirely, chronic sinusitis becoming Lyme-like fatigue, a bladder infection becoming a lifetime of unexplained pelvic tightness, a resistant childhood strain becoming an adult autoimmune diagnosis.  Key Takeaways Biofilms are why a "cleared" infection keeps coming back as something else. A biofilm is the mucous-like shield a bacterium, virus, parasite, or mold colony builds to hide from the immune system and from antibiotics. Once it's there, he says, it invites other pathogens to shelter in it too, which can explain why chronic sinusitis, Lyme-linked fatigue, and mold exposure so often show up in the same patient.  Interstitial cystitis is frequently a tight-bladder problem being treated as a recurrent UTI. Dr. Zodkoy's read: stress and anxiety tighten the bladder, it never fully empties, and what's left behind gets infected, so the antibiotic treats a symptom while the muscle stays tight and the infections keep returning. His protocol adjusts the pelvic floor and pubic symphysis, then layers in biofilm-breaking supplements and emotional work.  A 25-year rash resolved after one round of Neuro-Emotional Technique tied to an age-seven memory. Every physical test on this patient, mold, yeast, parasites, heavy metals, came back clean. Emotional testing didn't.  His migraine protocol runs liver support first, nervous system second, emotional work third, in that order, on purpose. Dr. Zodkoy's 1992 theory ties migraines to a slow-functioning liver overloaded by chemical exposure, hormones, or diet. He walks us through his 8-week liver protocol, 16 weeks including autonomic nervous system support, and a 96% success rate once emotional work is added. You cannot do deep detox or trauma work on a nervous system that has nothing left. There's no point moving to detox, biofilm-clearing, or emotional release until a patient's self-rated energy crosses roughly 50 to 60 out of 100.  [00:00:00] Cold open: migraines, interstitial cystitis, chronic fatigue, and the biofilm nobody explains  [00:02:02] Origin story: "doctor, lawyer, doctor" and practicing three months before 25  [00:04:04] Why he became a nutritionist first: the autonomic nervous system as the missing piece  [00:06:08] Finding a hidden emotion: the six-minute visit versus a real history  [00:09:37] The HPA axis toolkit: DHEA, GABA, adaptogens, and a gut bacterium built for stress  [00:11:27] NET, emotion code, and generational trauma: "it doesn't have to be real, it has to be believed"  [00:14:36] The 25-year rash: a muscle test, a forgotten age seven, and a mother's confession  [00:19:04] Migraines: the 1992 liver theory, the 80/20 split, and a claimed 96% success rate  [00:23:43] Interstitial cystitis is not a UTI: the tight bladder nobody is treating [00:27:06]  Killing the biofilm: natokinase, antimicrobials, and cranial electrotherapy stimulation  [00:31:29] The sympathetic-parasympathetic seesaw, and why healing collapses without it  [00:34:59] The "oomph" scale: testing cortisol at home and in the office  [00:36:27] The protocol in order: glandulars, adaptogens, and parasympathetic support, dosed on purpose  [00:43:30] Chronic fatigue, sinus biofilms, and the "house party" that becomes Lyme, EBV, and mold  [00:47:19] Parasites in America, and the TG/HDL ratio he says predicts heart risk  [01:00:02] Closing: where to find Dr. Zodkoy, and a teed-up follow-up on the healthcare system Resources Mentioned Tools & Products Biofilm Clear: Zodkoy's stated favorite combination product for breaking down biofilms, made up of natokinase, serrapeptase, lumbrokinase, and bromelain. He describes dosing at 2000 IU for patients under 50 and up to 4000 IU for patients over 50 with abnormal bloodwork. CP2305 (referenced in audio as "PC2305"): a Lactobacillus gasseri probiotic strain studied for stress and HPA-axis effects. True Laser: a home low-level laser device Zodkoy places over the vagus nerve. Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) units: clip-on-the-ear devices Zodkoy uses for anxiety, sleep, depression, and (with pads placed over the bladder) interstitial cystitis relief. Adrenal glandular products (brand examples given: Adrenal Complex from Designs for Health, Adrenal from Orthomolecular, Cortex from Thorne Research), used at a fraction of label dose, one pill in the morning only, per Zodkoy's protocol. Adaptogens referenced: ashwagandha, holy basil, rhodiola, cordyceps. • Nervous-system support referenced: DHEA, L-theanine, GABA, phosphatidylserine, adrenoglandulars. Antimicrobials referenced for biofilm-associated infections: berberine, olive leaf, oregano. Nutrients referenced for liver-support migraine protocol: B vitamins, glutathione, NAC. Concepts referenced: HPA axis (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal): the stress-response pathway Zodkoy targets before any other intervention. Applied kinesiology: manual muscle testing Zodkoy uses to distinguish emotional, physical, biochemical, parasitic, fungal, or toxic causes of a symptom. NET (Neuro-Emotional Technique), Emotion Code, Body Code: hands-on techniques used to locate and release stored emotional triggers. Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system balance: the "seesaw" framework underlying his treatment sequencing. • Triglyceride-to-HDL ratio: Zodkoy's preferred cardiovascular risk marker over total cholestero Want more of The Ancient Health Podcast? Subscribe to the YouTube channel. ------  Follow Doctor Motley! Instagram TikTok Facebook Website Follow Dr. Steven Zodkoy https://www.instagram.com/drstevenzodkoy/ ------  *You can get cell support in gummy form: Mitopure now starts at $79, when you go to timeline.com/DRMOTLEY. *Join Doctor Motley's newsletter for TCM insights and regular podcast updates https://www.doctormotley.com/ *Do you have a ton more in-depth questions for Doctor Motley? Check out his course on emotions and the body in his membership. You'll find other courses full of his expertise and clinical wisdom, plus bring all your questions to his weekly lives! To try risk-free for 15 days click here https://www.doctormotley.com/15