Podcasts about LRO

S05E158 — “The Crater Makers” · Tuesday 4 August 2026. Four stories on cosmic impacts — and a new map of the X-ray sky — plus a both-hemispheres skywatch. ① A dead Falcon 9 is about to crater the Moon ●        A spent SpaceX Falcon 9 upper stage (catalogued 2025-010D) is predicted to strike the Moon near Einstein Crater on 5 Aug 2026 at ~06:35 UTC — the second documented uncontrolled rocket impact on the Moon. ●        The stage launched Firefly's Blue Ghost and ispace's Resilience landers in Jan 2025, then was stranded in a chaotic Earth orbit for ~18 months. Impact speed ~2.4 km/s (~5,400 mph); expected crater ~17–27 m across. ●        Prediction by Bill Gray (Project Pluto). NASA's LRO can image the site before and after; a ~two-dozen-author campaign is coordinating observers to chase the ejecta plume. ●        Governance angle: no international framework governs cislunar debris — a growing hazard as lunar traffic increases (callback to E154's distant-retrograde-orbit debris study). Sources: Space.com / Forbes / Reuters (Cris Tolomia) — impact preview, 31 Jul–3 Aug 2026  ·  Project Pluto (Bill Gray) — 2025-010D impact page  ·  ZME Science — impact timing, 3 Aug 2026 ② Neptune's inner moons: shrapnel of a shattered world ●        JWST NIRSpec spectroscopy of Neptune's inner moons Larissa, Galatea and Proteus (Caltech; lead author Ryleigh Davis, Mike Brown's group) detected magnesium-rich phyllosilicates — clay minerals that require liquid water and had never been seen beyond Jupiter. ●        The clays imply the material came from much larger, water-bearing worlds — evidence that Neptune's original regular moon system was destroyed when Triton (a captured Kuiper Belt object) arrived. ●        Proteus, the largest of the three, lacks the clays — possibly re-heated and reprocessed after re-forming, hiding its history. Sources: Davis et al., Science Advances, 29 July 2026  ·  Caltech / phys.org press coverage, 29 Jul–3 Aug 2026  ·  Space.com (Charles Q. Choi), 3 Aug 2026 ③ “Charbroiled within hours”: impact dust and the dinosaurs ●        New modelling (Brandon Johnson et al., Purdue) argues ultrafine impact dust from Chicxulub acted as an insulating blanket, raising surface heating ~3.5× above the spherule-only estimate — enough to ignite global wildfires and kill exposed animals within hours. ●        The same dust then blocked sunlight for years — so the model adds a ferocious opening act to the established “impact winter,” rather than replacing it. Sheltering underground or underwater aided survival. ●        Caveat: the strongest physical wildfire evidence is so far confined to North America (per UCL's Alfio Chiarenza, not involved in the study); a truly global fire record remains unconfirmed. Sources: Johnson, Johnson, Wakita & Robertson, JGR: Biogeosciences, 2026  ·  Popular Science / Space.com / ZME Science, 28 Jul–2 Aug 2026 ④ eROSITA DR2 — the X-ray sky doubles ●        The eROSITA telescope (SRG mission) released its second data set (DR2) on 31 July 2026: ~1.9 million pointlike and ~64,000 extended X-ray sources from the first three all-sky scans — nearly doubling the previously released eROSITA catalogue. ●        For scale: ROSAT catalogued ~130,000 sources in the 1990s and was the benchmark for 30 years. Lead author: Miriam Ramos-Ceja (MPE). ●        DR2 delivers the first direct census of cataclysmic-variable binaries sufficient to explain the decades-old Galactic Ridge X-ray Emission. It coincides with SDSS DR20 (Black Hole Mapper), enabling 3D mapping of active black holes. Sources: Ramos-Ceja et al. (eROSITA-DE), arXiv:2607.27772; DR2 release  ·  Max Planck Society press release, 29 July 2026  ·  phys.org, 31 Jul 2026 Skywatch — both hemispheres ●        Falcon 9 impact (5 Aug, ~06:35 UTC): not naked-eye; ejecta plume a long shot for advanced amateurs in the Americas near the western limb (~2:35 a.m. EDT). Sydney: Moon below horizon — watch for LRO after-images. ●        Comet 10P/Tempel 2: perihelion 2 Aug, closest to Earth 3 Aug (~0.41 AU); ~mag 8–9 near M30 in Capricornus. Best return of the century; Southern-Hemisphere-favoured; Northern viewers low on the southern horizon. Darkest window ~7–8 Aug. ●        This evening: Venus threads between Regulus (Leo) and Spica (Virgo) in the west — both hemispheres, no equipment. Mercury at its best morning showing (greatest western elongation 2 Aug), low in the pre-dawn east. ●        Diary — 12 Aug: total solar eclipse (Greenland/Iceland/Spain), moonless Perseid peak, six-planet alignment. Always use certified ISO 12312-2 eclipse glasses / solar filters except during totality.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-latest-space-news--5648921/support.Sponsor Details:Ensure your online privacy by using NordVPN. To get our special listener deal and save a lot of money, visit www.astronomydaily.io/nordvpn. You'll be glad you did!Get the best secure and private email on the planet. Stop your Government, google and who knows who else spying on every email you write. Do what we did and use ProtonMail. They beleive in privacy and there are no ads in their business model...yet they still provide a free forever service. Check them out and get out special deal at www.astronomydaily.io/protonmailBecome a supporter of Astronomy Daily by joining our Supporters Club. Commercial free episodes daily are only a click way... Click HereThis episode includes AI-generated content.

S05E155 · Friday 31 July 2026 · Astronomy Daily with Anna & Avery. Four stories and a both-hemispheres skywatch. Australian English. ① Asteroid (44) Nysa — the first three-lobed world, and its hidden moon ●        trilobate body — three lobes joined by two narrow necks; a candidate “first” of its kind. ●        A new ~1 km moon, S/2026 (44) 1, was found orbiting ≥170 km out — spotted using high-contrast imaging borrowed from exoplanet work, and confirmed moving across two observing runs. ●        The moon lets astronomers weigh Nysa (mass → density), which should help decide between a genuine contact-trinary and a single, deeply indented body. ●        Nysa is a bright, main-belt E-type (enstatite-rich) asteroid, ~75 km across, known since 1857. ●        Source: Lowell Observatory / University of Arizona press release, 29 Jul 2026; study “Unmasking (44) Nysa: Evidence for a Trilobate Structure” (Minker et al.). Coverage: Space.com, Gizmodo, 29–30 Jul 2026. ② Mapping Alien Continents — a NASA concept to image an exoplanet's surface ●        NASA's 2026 NIAC round funds 18 early-stage “visionary” concepts (~$175k each, 9 months). These are seed studies, not missions. ●        Paul Stankus (Brookhaven) proposes “Mapping Alien Continents”: resolve the surface of an Earth-like exoplanet — continents, oceans — in visible light. ●        Method: a novel “dynamic hierarchical nulling” interferometer to suppress starlight at 10¹⁰-to-1 contrast, then combine beams from two spacecraft ~100 km apart (optical VLBI-style imaging). ●        Source: NASA “2026 Innovative Technology Concepts” release and NIAC selections (posted 21 Jul; consolidated release ~29 Jul 2026); Universe Today feature, 30 Jul 2026. ③ Solar-storm watch — CMEs inbound, minor-storm and aurora potential ●        Two faint coronal mass ejections, plus coronal-hole solar wind, are set to give Earth glancing blows; forecasters flag possible G1 (minor) geomagnetic storms and auroras over the coming days. ●        G1 means little grid impact but aurora visible at somewhat lower latitudes than usual — see the skywatch for where to look, both hemispheres. ●        Source: NOAA SWPC (WSA-ENLIL model); EarthSky / The Sun Today, 30 Jul 2026. ④ ESCAPADE's family portrait of Earth and the Moon ●        NASA's twin Mars orbiters (“Blue” and “Gold,” built by Rocket Lab) imaged Earth and the Moon as thin crescents in visible and thermal-infrared light from a loiter orbit near Sun–Earth L2. ●        In infrared, Earth's night side glows with its own heat; the Moon's shadowed half is far colder — a calibration check before Mars. ●        ESCAPADE's science goal (arrival Sept 2027): measure how the solar wind strips Mars's unshielded atmosphere — the payoff of today's solar-wind thread. ●        Source: NASA (Goddard) image feature, ~25 Jul 2026 (images captured 3 Jul); NAU / phys.org; Universe Today, 29 Jul 2026. Skywatch — both hemispheres ●        Bright waning-gibbous Moon (post-Buck-Moon, 29 Jul) washes out faint targets. ●        Southern Delta Aquariids + Alpha Capricornids just past peak (SH-favoured; Moon-hampered). Perseids build to a near-moonless peak on the night of 12–13 Aug — prime for North America, low in the north for the SH. ●        12 Aug total solar eclipse: totality across Greenland / Iceland / Spain; partial for parts of northern North America and Europe. ISO 12312-2 eye protection required for any partial phase. ●        Pre-dawn planets low in the east (Sydney and North American framing). Aurora watch for high latitudes both hemispheres if the storms land. ●        Diary: a spent Falcon 9 upper stage (2025-010D) is predicted to hit the Moon near Einstein Crater on 5 Aug 2026, ~06:35 UTC (~2:34 a.m. ET). North America best-timed; telescope needed, Moon ~56% lit, target the limb dust plume. From Sydney the Moon is down at impact — rely on LRO after-images. Callback to E125/E147. Source: Fernando et al., arXiv 2607.14625.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-latest-space-news--5648921/support.Sponsor Details:Ensure your online privacy by using NordVPN. To get our special listener deal and save a lot of money, visit www.astronomydaily.io/nordvpn. You'll be glad you did!Get the best secure and private email on the planet. Stop your Government, google and who knows who else spying on every email you write. Do what we did and use ProtonMail. They beleive in privacy and there are no ads in their business model...yet they still provide a free forever service. Check them out and get out special deal at www.astronomydaily.io/protonmailBecome a supporter of Astronomy Daily by joining our Supporters Club. Commercial free episodes daily are only a click way... Click HereThis episode includes AI-generated content.

In this episode of Astronomy Daily (S05E125), hosts Anna and Avery cover six major stories from the frontiers of space science and astronomy, including the most detailed image ever taken of the Milky Way's core, a Hubble discovery that solves a decades-old cosmological mystery, the oldest confirmed asteroid impact crater on Earth, a pair of impossibly light exoplanets, an impending lunar impact from a SpaceX rocket stage, and a live solar weather alert for Southern Hemisphere aurora watchers.   Stories Covered Story 1 — Euclid's Record Milky Way Galactic Bulge Image: ESA's Euclid telescope releases the largest, highest-resolution visible-light image ever made of the Milky Way's central bulge, containing more than 60 million stars. The image serves as a baseline for NASA's upcoming Roman Space Telescope's microlensing survey. (ESA / NASA, June 24–25 2026) Story 2 — Hubble Catches Galaxy Clearing the Cosmic Fog: Galaxy MXDFz4.4, observed 1.4 billion years after the Big Bang, has been caught emitting ionising ultraviolet light — direct evidence of how the early universe's hydrogen fog was cleared. Published in The Astrophysical Journal, June 23 2026. Story 3 — Earth's Oldest Asteroid Crater Dated to 3 Billion Years: Curtin University researchers precisely date the North Pole Dome impact structure in Western Australia's Pilbara region to 3.024 billion years ago — the oldest known impact crater on Earth, beating the next oldest by ~800 million years. Published in Geology, June 23 2026. Story 4 — Super-Puff Planets Lighter Than Cotton Candy: An Oxford-led international team confirms TOI-791 b and c — two Jupiter-sized exoplanets with densities lower than cotton candy (0.038 and 0.047 g/cm³), making them the lowest-density giant planets ever found. Published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, June 26 2026. Story 5 — SpaceX Falcon 9 Upper Stage to Impact Moon on August 5: A spent Falcon 9 upper stage from the January 2025 Blue Ghost / Hakuto-R launch is on course to strike the Moon near Einstein Crater on August 5 2026. Visibility from Earth is uncertain, but NASA's LRO will image the resulting crater. NASA SSERVI, June 2026. Skywatching — A G1 geomagnetic storm struck overnight June 25, with further unsettled conditions expected June 26–27 as coronal hole streams strengthen and new sunspot region AR4478 rotates into Earth view. Aurora possible for Tasmania, New Zealand's South Island and southern Australia tonight.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-the-latest-space-news--5648921/support.Sponsor Details:Ensure your online privacy by using NordVPN. To get our special listener deal and save a lot of money, visit www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. You'll be glad you did!Become a supporter of Astronomy Daily by joining our Supporters Club. Commercial free episodes daily are only a click way... Click HereThis episode includes AI-generated content.

The Space Show Presents Virtual Moon With Manny Pimenta & Philippe van NederveldeQuick Summary:This was a Space Show program featuring Manny Pimenta and Philip van Nedervelde presenting their Virtual Moon project, which aims to create a digital twin of the lunar surface for immersive virtual reality experiences. Manny explained that Virtual Moon began as Lunar Explorer over 20 years ago but was ahead of its time when consumer VR hardware wasn't available. The current project uses NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter data as its foundation and includes a working Apollo 11 landing simulation that can be experienced on VR headsets like Quest 2 and 3. Philip detailed their technical approach, which involves using AI and generative adversarial networks to upscale the LRO data to higher resolution and create photorealistic lunar terrain. The team demonstrated live reactions from users experiencing the VR simulation and discussed their plans for “One Giant Leap,” a new product release featuring multiple Apollo 11 mission vignettes including Armstrong's first steps on the moon and the lunar module's ascent. They also revealed their concept for “Selene City,” a large-scale lunar habitat designed to accommodate 5,000 people by 2045, which would serve as both an engineering simulation and potential resort destination. The discussion covered technical challenges including real-time rendering requirements and how they plan to address issues like unlit craters and lava tubes through lighting systems and future data upgrades.Detailed :SummaryThe meeting focused on demonstrating Virtual Moon, a virtual reality project that creates immersive lunar experiences. Manny introduced the project's history, explaining that it evolved from Lunar Explorer, which was created over 20 years ago when consumer VR hardware wasn't available. Philippe detailed the technical approach, describing how they use NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter data as a foundation and plan to enhance it using AI and generative adversarial networks to achieve higher resolution and accuracy comparable to Apollo mission photographs. The team encountered technical difficulties with screen sharing during the demonstration, preventing them from showing the actual VR content to the audience.Manny explained that Virtual Moon offers users the opportunity to own a piece of virtual lunar property, starting with 100 square meters free, with additional property available for purchase. He announced the upcoming release of the “One Giant Leap” Apollo 11 VR experience, priced at $15, with a $10 pre-order that includes 2,000 square meters of Virtual Moon property as a special promotion. Philippe clarified that the experience will be web-delivered and compatible with various VR headsets including Quest models and Pico headsets, with plans for a multi-user metaverse version of Virtual Moon.Philippe explained how the virtual moon mapping system will handle dark craters by using virtual headlights to illuminate elevation data, and mentioned that the system will be updatable with higher resolution data from other space agencies. He described a planned collaboration with a company developing an unmanned mission to explore lava tubes at Lacus Mortis, where robots equipped with lidar would provide real-time 3D scans that would be integrated into the virtual moon system. The team also discussed their existing Apollo 11 VR landing experience, which recreates the actual landing trajectory and maneuvers using historical telemetry data, and Dr. Kothari expressed interest in potentially using similar virtual mission simulations for his own lunar landing system designs.Manny and Philippe discussed plans for Virtual Moon, which will include a complete recreation of all moon missions with photorealistic 3D animations, serving both space enthusiasts and the professional space industry for mission planning and troubleshooting. They outlined future features including games like lunar racing and treasure hunts, as well as potential revenue streams from Hollywood studios using virtual lunar terrain for movie sets. The team is working on a new automated website version and has already received interest from potential investors including Dr. Kothari, with plans to expand to other celestial bodies like Mars in the future.The team demonstrated virtual reality experiences of the moon using Quest headsets, including a simulation of the Apollo 11 landing and a construction site on Malapert Mountain. Manny explained the concept of Saline, a planned large-scale lunar city designed to accommodate 5,000 people by 2045, which will serve as both a resort destination and an engineering simulation to prove the feasibility of building such a city. Dr. suggested connecting this plan with NASA's lunar base development timeline, particularly with Carlos Galan Garcia's work on lunar base phases, and Manny agreed to reach out to him for collaboration.Manny discussed the Virtual Moon project and announced the upcoming “One Giant Leap” release, which will build on the existing Apollo 11 VR landing experience with improved visual quality and additional content including a vignette of Neil Armstrong's first steps on the moon, a mini-game for landing the lunar module, and interactive laser experiments. Philippe provided details about the new features, explaining that users can experience the Apollo 11 landing, see the first steps on the moon through different viewpoints, attempt to land the Eagle, watch the historic rocket launch, and explore Tranquility Base as it would appear today. John Jossy suggested connecting with GRU space, a startup working on lunar hotels, as a potential collaboration opportunity.Philippe explained the technical aspects of simulating laser beams and real-time rendering in their Virtual Moon project, clarifying that they use pre-computed graphics played back as loops rather than performing physics calculations in real time. Manny discussed their Virtual Moon Ambassador program and plans for permanent exhibits in science museums, while also announcing upcoming newsletter updates and promotional opportunities including property ownership and VR headset pre-orders. The team addressed questions about language support, with Philippe confirming plans to implement support for 125 or more languages using AI, and discussed potential collaboration opportunities with Dr. Kothari and Philip Swan regarding mass driver concepts and Falcon Heavy simulations.Special thanks to our sponsors:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentNo program for Sunday, May 10, 2026 PT Due to Mothers Day.Guests: Dr. David LivingstonOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223 (Not in service at this time)For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.com for instructions and access.The Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Wednesday, May 20: Hotel Mars with Anatoly Zak on Russian Space News Updates. See archives for program play.Friday and Sunday there will be no program for non-space biz affairs and Memorial Day Holiday weekend. Programming resumes Tuesday, May 26 with Bob Zimmerman. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Thanks to LRO's data, astronauts will be prepared as they fly past the Moon next year to make split-second inferences about the features they see, as only humans can.

Moon mapping could help locate active faults in the lunar South Pole.

Larry Rea Tribute Show Segment #5 - Guy Tribo, co-host and guest OLR and long-time friend of the show, honors the legacy of LRO on 790 AM- Audacy

Larry Rea Tribute Show Segment #1 -- Gene Smith (longtime LRO co-host) & Phil Stukenborg (long-time colleague with Larry at the Commercial Appeal)

NASA is looking for your help to map the geology of lava-like flows on the Moon.

Hundreds of events worldwide were held on October fourth to celebrate International Observe the Moon Night.

NASA detecta la huella del accidente del módulo japonés Resilience en Mare Frigoris, una región volcánica lunar Por Félix Riaño @LocutorCo Un módulo japonés llamado Resilience, construido por la empresa ispace, debía aterrizar suavemente en la Luna. En su lugar, dejó una mancha oscura en el polvo lunar. El accidente ocurrió el 5 de junio, pero las imágenes que lo confirman llegaron hasta ahora. Fueron tomadas por el orbitador LRO de la NASA y muestran una marca inconfundible: un punto negro rodeado por un halo claro, formado por el polvo que se levantó al impactar. La historia de este accidente no es solo una crónica de fracaso, también es una oportunidad para aprender. ¿Qué nos dicen las imágenes del impacto sobre los límites de la exploración espacial privada? Es el segundo intento fallido de ispace en solo dos años. La mañana del 5 de junio de 2025, desde el centro de control en Tokio, la empresa ispace intentó hacer historia. Su módulo lunar Resilience, lanzado el 15 de enero desde Cabo Cañaveral, estaba por completar una misión ambiciosa: tocar la superficie de la Luna de manera controlada, liberar un pequeño rover y abrir paso a futuras misiones comerciales japonesas. El sitio elegido fue Mare Frigoris, conocido como el Mar del Frío, una región del norte lunar con valor científico y estratégico. A bordo del módulo iba Tenacious, un microrobot desarrollado por la división europea de ispace, con sede en Luxemburgo. Incluso llevaba una pequeña obra de arte: una réplica de una casa sueca tradicional, pintada de rojo y blanco. Todo parecía listo para hacer historia, pero en lugar de celebrar, el equipo perdió comunicación. El aterrizaje se transformó en un misterio que solo se resolvió días después. El problema surgió en los últimos segundos. El módulo descendía con precisión hasta que, sin previo aviso, el contacto se perdió. Durante horas no hubo señales. ispace no podía confirmar si Resilience había aterrizado o se había estrellado. Días más tarde, el orbitador LRO de la NASA ayudó a resolver el enigma. Desde unos 80 kilómetros de altitud, captó una imagen en blanco y negro de la zona. Allí se ve una mancha oscura con un halo claro a su alrededor. Es la marca de un impacto. Según los expertos, ese tipo de huella solo puede formarse si un objeto golpea la superficie a gran velocidad, levantando regolito: el polvo fino y rocoso que cubre la Luna. Esa marca fue comparada con fotos previas y no estaba antes. La conclusión fue inmediata: Resilience se estrelló. Y lo hizo a 2,4 kilómetros del punto exacto donde debía aterrizar. Una distancia que, en misiones lunares, es demasiado grande como para pasar por alto. La historia no termina en el impacto. La imagen de la NASA fue obtenida el 11 de junio, seis días después del accidente. El equipo de la misión LRO usó una cámara de alta resolución, llamada LROC, que puede detectar detalles mínimos en la superficie lunar. Comparando imágenes anteriores y posteriores, confirmaron la alteración del terreno. La zona del impacto será ahora objeto de estudio. No solo por el accidente, también por su ubicación: Mare Frigoris es una planicie volcánica muy antigua, con arrugas geológicas llamadas wrinkle ridges, formadas por el enfriamiento y contracción del suelo. Saber cómo responde este terreno ante impactos recientes puede aportar datos clave para futuras misiones, sobre todo en la planificación de aterrizajes. Aunque ispace ha tenido dos fracasos consecutivos —el anterior fue en abril de 2023—, cada intento suma información. En el mundo de la exploración espacial, incluso los errores dejan lecciones que pueden evitar tragedias más adelante. ispace va a presentar en los próximos días un informe oficial con las causas del fallo. Por ahora, la imagen de esa mancha lunar se convierte en el símbolo más reciente del esfuerzo humano por llegar más allá. El orbitador LRO (Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter) lleva desde 2009 dando vueltas alrededor de la Luna. Fue lanzado por la NASA con el objetivo de estudiar el terreno lunar a fondo. Entre sus siete instrumentos, destaca el sistema de cámaras LROC, capaz de ver detalles minúsculos. Gracias a estas cámaras, se han podido observar los sitios donde aterrizaron las misiones Apolo, cráteres recién formados por meteoritos y ahora también el impacto de misiones fallidas, como Resilience. Este seguimiento no es solo un registro histórico. Sirve para planificar nuevas misiones y analizar cómo cambia la superficie lunar con el tiempo. La región de Mare Frigoris, donde ocurrió este choque, es de especial interés porque combina un terreno liso con zonas de tensión geológica. Esto la hace atractiva tanto para misiones robóticas como tripuladas. La visibilidad de esta huella en el polvo lunar también ayuda a estudiar cómo se dispersa el regolito, algo importante para proteger naves y equipos en misiones futuras. El impacto fue desafortunado, pero los datos que deja son un tesoro para científicos e ingenieros. El módulo japonés Resilience no logró aterrizar suavemente, pero su marca quedó grabada en la Luna. NASA la detectó y ahora tenemos nuevas pistas para mejorar futuras misiones. Si te interesan las historias donde ciencia, errores y descubrimientos se cruzan, escucha más en Flash Diario en Spotify.

In this week's edition, Communications Manager Casey Casteel takes the membership through the latest contract implementation item: ELITT direct drop and pick up and a few highlights for using that new tool. Casey gives a recap of the latest news on the Market Based Cash Balance Plan, and an update from the settlement of grievance 2024-004.  Contract Q&A this week covers several questions concerning LRO vs LCO and future implementation of unscheduled overnights not counting toward the CAP.  She wraps up this week's podcast with questions on trading a reserve-assigned pairing after selecting Release Until Check In and a question about pay for DOT testing at the end of a pairing.If you have any feedback for us at all, please drop us a line at comm@swapa.org or tap here to send us a text.Follow us online:Twitter - https://twitter.com/swapapilotsFacebook - https://www.facebook.com/swapa737

Over the past decade, NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) has captured thousands of high-resolution images of the Moon's surface—far more than humans can manually review. To tackle this challenge, scientists have developed an automated system that quickly identifies scientifically significant images from the LRO data, making it the first anomaly detector for planetary imagery. Experiments show that the system reliably highlights unusual features, such as striking geological formations and sites of human landings or spacecraft crashes. This approach fills a critical gap in planetary science, offering a groundbreaking way to uncover hidden insights in vast archives of remote-sensing data. Join senior planetary astronomer Franck Marchis as he chats with authors Adam Lesnikowski and Daniel Angerhausen about this revolutionary method and its implications for future discoveries. (Recorded 20 February 2025.)

En 2024, une étude menée par des chercheurs indiens du Physical Research Laboratory d'Ahmedabad a suggéré que les confinements mondiaux liés à la pandémie de Covid-19 avaient entraîné une diminution notable des températures nocturnes à la surface de la Lune. Cette hypothèse repose sur l'analyse des données recueillies par le Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) de la NASA, qui a mesuré les températures de six sites différents sur la face visible de la Lune entre 2017 et 2023. Les chercheurs ont observé une baisse de 8 à 10 Kelvin (K) des températures nocturnes en avril et mai 2020, période correspondant aux confinements les plus stricts.Selon cette étude, la réduction des activités humaines durant les confinements a conduit à une diminution des émissions de gaz à effet de serre et d'aérosols, modifiant ainsi le rayonnement thermique terrestre. Cette altération aurait réduit la quantité de chaleur réfléchie vers la Lune, entraînant un refroidissement de sa surface nocturne. Les auteurs ont écarté d'autres facteurs potentiels, tels que l'activité solaire ou les variations saisonnières, renforçant ainsi leur conclusion que les confinements étaient la cause la plus probable de cette anomalie thermique.Cependant, ces conclusions ont été remises en question par des chercheurs américains et caribéens. Une étude publiée en janvier 2025 par le professeur William Schonberg de la Missouri University of Science and Technology et la professeure Shirin Haque de l'Université des West Indies a réexaminé les mêmes données du LRO. Leur analyse a révélé que la diminution des températures avait débuté avant les confinements, dès 2019, et qu'une autre baisse significative avait été enregistrée en 2018. Ces observations suggèrent que la baisse de température ne peut être attribuée de manière concluante aux confinements liés au Covid-19.Les auteurs de cette seconde étude soulignent que, bien que des variations de température aient été observées, il est prématuré d'affirmer avec certitude que la réduction des activités humaines en est la cause principale. Ils appellent à une analyse plus approfondie pour identifier les facteurs potentiels responsables de ces fluctuations thermiques lunaires.En conclusion, bien que l'hypothèse initiale suggère un lien entre les confinements mondiaux et une baisse des températures nocturnes lunaires, des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour confirmer ou infirmer cette corrélation. Les débats scientifiques en cours illustrent la complexité de déterminer l'impact des activités terrestres sur des corps célestes aussi éloignés que la Lune. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

In this week's episode, Martin and Steve chat about the latest issue of Land Rover Monthly, and what you can expect from this month's edition of the magazine – it's one you won't want to miss.They recall their visits to Tomcat Motorsport's new premises and the "LRO" show at Belvior Castle, including Martin's highly successful shopping trip. Product of the Week returns with a double product special (to make up for forgetting last week) and Steve gives a steering wheel review.There's chat about the last ever Adventure Overland Show – and the very special event happening at it – and there's a follow-up from a listener's question. The guys also recall the worst bodges they've ever come across on Land Rovers, talk their favourite campfire meals and reminisce about how they got into Land Rover magazines.If you've got any feedback or questions for the guys, drop them an email – editorial@lrm.co.uk

This week, Communications Committee member Tony Mulhare takes a deep dive into how your sick bank and vacation accrual are related if you were to go out on disability and the importance of making sure you don't get awarded a line for a month that you won't fly in (unless you have vacation, of course).He also discusses LRO and the SWA Payroll audit process, a question about repositions, and a question about when a reserve pilot can be assigned a pairing instead of using a premium open time bidder.If you have any feedback for us at all, please drop us a line at comm@swapa.orgFollow us online:Twitter - https://twitter.com/swapapilotsFacebook - https://www.facebook.com/swapa737

This week, Communications Committee member Tony Mulhare updates the membership on the Market Based Cash Balance Plan as well as the upcoming transfer window from Empower to Schwab accounts.  He also continues the deep dive into vacation shifts and the timing required for those shifts. Several pilot questions about Legal Duty, Ground Transportation in lieu of a double deadhead as well as a recurring question on LRO vs LCO are also discussed.If you have any feedback for us at all, please drop us a line at comm@swapa.orgFollow us online:Twitter - https://twitter.com/swapapilotsFacebook - https://www.facebook.com/swapa737

NASA scientists believe that even small, shadowed craters on the Moon are cold enough to hold water molecules.

目前猶無人看過月球按呢踅。這是因為月球去予潮汐力鎖 tī 地球，所以才會一直是 仝一爿面對咱。毋過，利用 現代數位技術，咱會當 kā 月球探測軌道衛星 (LRO) 送轉來 ê 懸解析度影像鬥起來，造出這支 月球自轉 ê 短片。這支 縮時攝影影片 是 ùi 地球 定定看著 ê 月球這爿 開始。毋過，真緊就會出現地球較歹看著 ê 東方海，這是一个足大 ê 隕石坑，就 tī 月球赤道下面。影片 kā 月球自轉一個月 ê 時間濃縮做 24 秒。咱會當看著面對地球這爿 ê 月娘 有足濟 較暗 ê 月海，月球後壁彼爿主要是較光 ê 高原。目前有足濟國家 kah 公司 當咧開發新 ê 月球計畫，攏總超過 32 个。其中包括 NASA ê Artemis 計畫，這主要是欲 tī 紲落來幾若年內 kā 人類送去哩月球。 ——— 這是 NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day ê 台語文 podcast 原文版：https://apod.nasa.gov/ 台文版：https://apod.tw/ 今仔日 ê 文章： https://apod.tw/daily/20240602/ 影像：NASA, LRO, Arizona State U. 音樂：P!SCO - 鼎鼎 聲優：阿錕 翻譯：An-Li Tsai (NSYSU) 原文：https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap240602.html Powered by Firstory Hosting

In this video, I discuss a common misconception about the multifamily industry: centralization. I was inspired by a riveting debate between Moshe Crane and Michael DiMella during a live LinkedIn event hosted by Chris Arnold. Here's why the term "centralization" is misapplied and what we should focus on instead. Centralization, by definition, is about command and control, concentrating decision-making power in the hands of a few. This is far from what we're aiming for in the multifamily space. What we're really discussing is organizational design. This involves optimizing roles, responsibilities, and processes, often utilizing technology to enhance efficiency. Revenue management systems like LRO exemplify this shift. While some argue for guardrails, the essence is in how these systems distribute labor and manage tasks—often through AI. Imagine AI not just assigning tasks but dynamically orchestrating every move based on real-time data. This isn't just futuristic; it's happening now. The key takeaway? Let's redefine our vocabulary. Move away from "centralization" and embrace "organizational design." This shift in terminology aligns better with our goals and helps us communicate more effectively within our industry.

Join my mailing list https://briankeating.com/list to win a real 4 billion year old meteorite! All .edu emails in the USA

Yup. Ook op de maan vinden bevingen plaats. Die noemen we dus ook maanbevingen. Ongelooflijk genoeg weet de sloomst pratende podcaster van het heelal er ruim twintig minuten over vol te kletsen. Ja, ik bedoel maar.Aardbeving:https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/AardbevingMooie website van het LRO ruimtevaartuig:https://www.lroc.asu.edu/Earth's moon is shrinking. Here's what scientists say that could mean:https://edition.cnn.com/2024/01/31/world/moon-shrinking-moonquakes-south-pole-scn/index.htmlTectonics and Seismicity of the Lunar South Polar Region:https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/PSJ/ad1332A New Archive of Apollo's Lunar Seismic Data:https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/PSJ/ac87afApollo 11 Seismic Experiment:https://moon.nasa.gov/resources/13/apollo-11-seismic-experiment/J002E3, de Apollo 12 SIVB:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J002E3NASA ALSEP Termination Report (april 1977):https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/documents/NASA%20RP-1036.pdfThe Lunar Alarm Clock: New Study Characterizes Regular Moonquakes:https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/the-lunar-alarm-clock-new-study-characterizes-regular-moonquakesNew events discovered in the Apollo lunar seismic data:https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2005JE002414Does the Moon Sound Like a Bell?https://www.popsci.com/does-moon-sound-like-bell/SEED file formaat:http://www.fdsn.org/pdf/SEEDManual_V2.4.pdfShrinking Moon May Be Generating Moonquakes:https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/shrinking-moon-may-be-generating-moonquakes/De Zimmerman en Space podcast is gelicenseerd onder een Creative Commons CC0 1.0 licentie.http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0

This week-long course taught Artemis astronauts how to identify lunar landmarks from orbit, using data collected by NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.

Fourteen-plus years of imagery gathered by LRO ensures that astronauts returning to the Moon are prepared for a successful mission as they explore Earth's nearest neighbor.

Ever since the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter first confirmed the presence of water on the Moon, the rush has been on, as both Russia and India proved last week. Why is finding water there so important? How did the LRO probe first make the detection? What else has LRO been up to since reaching the Moon in 2019? Finally, what are the next steps? We'll find out from the source--Dr. Noah Petro, Project Scientist for the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter! Hosts: Rod Pyle and Tariq Malik Guest: Dr. Noah Petro Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/this-week-in-space. Get episodes ad-free with Club TWiT at https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsor: discourse.org/twit

Ever since the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter first confirmed the presence of water on the Moon, the rush has been on, as both Russia and India proved last week. Why is finding water there so important? How did the LRO probe first make the detection? What else has LRO been up to since reaching the Moon in 2019? Finally, what are the next steps? We'll find out from the source--Dr. Noah Petro, Project Scientist for the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter! Hosts: Rod Pyle and Tariq Malik Guest: Dr. Noah Petro Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/this-week-in-space. Get episodes ad-free with Club TWiT at https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsor: discourse.org/twit

Ever since the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter first confirmed the presence of water on the Moon, the rush has been on, as both Russia and India proved last week. Why is finding water there so important? How did the LRO probe first make the detection? What else has LRO been up to since reaching the Moon in 2019? Finally, what are the next steps? We'll find out from the source--Dr. Noah Petro, Project Scientist for the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter! Hosts: Rod Pyle and Tariq Malik Guest: Dr. Noah Petro Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/this-week-in-space. Get episodes ad-free with Club TWiT at https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsor: discourse.org/twit

In this episode of MultifamilyCollective, we catch up with the famed Donald Davidoff from REBA - Real Estate Business Analytics. Donald is CEO of REBA. From Donald's LinkedIn profile: Consulting on key issues in pricing and revenue management, marketing/marketing analytics and internal business processes and workflows. Served as a senior executive at Holiday Retirement responsible for developing a comprehensive strategic approach to pricing and revenue management (PRM), eCommerce and marketing. Prior to Holiday was responsible for all (PRM) and marketing (including eCommerce, field marketing, creative services and corporate communication) activities at Archstone. Previously responsible for business process management (BPM) and market research teams. With the former, led the rollout of SmartPath(tm), the industry's first dynamic forms and automatic workflow system now fulfilling approx. 40,000 processes a year at Archstone. Designed and implemented the industry-leading LRO (Lease Rent Options) revenue management pricing system for the multifamily industry. Was directly involved in the initial commercialization of LRO to the early adopting multifamily clients and also participated in the eventual transfer of LRO responsibilities to The Rainmaker Group. Prior to Archstone, led projects and/or served as lead business consultant on a variety of pricing and revenue management solutions for Talus Solutions (later acquired by Manugistics). Key projects including implementation of the first hotel gaming revenue management system for Harrah's Entertainment as well as implementations for UPS, Dollar Rent A Car, Budget Car Rental and Europcar. Extensive experience in travel industry before that, and project management as an officer in the United States Air Force. Published author including the textbook "Contact: Customer Service in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry" (published by Prentice-Hall) and the general press book "Parenting the Office" (published by Pelican Press). Specialties: strategic business initiatives, pricing & revenue management, eCommerce, sales & marketing, business process management and workflow, market research --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/mike-brewer/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/mike-brewer/support

In this episode of MultifamilyCollective, we catch up with one of our favorite repeat guests and all-around great human - Dom Beveridge, Principal at 20for20. From Dom's LinkedIn Profile: For over 20 years, I have held leadership roles in consulting, revenue management and marketing. Starting in the travel and hospitality sector, I used, implemented, designed and ultimately sold enterprise revenue management systems and consulting projects with Talus Solutions (creators of LRO). I then spent several years as a strategy consultant for Capgemini, before returning to Pricing and Revenue Management with JDA Software, Inc. In 2019 I was awarded a US patent for a price optimization solution that I co-invented during my time at JDA. Before joining D2 Demand Solutions, I spent five years working with multifamily companies in a variety of roles with the Rainmaker Group. Most recently he was the EVP of Demand Generation, with responsibility for all aspects of marketing and lead generation for the company, until its sale to RealPage, Inc. in December 2017. At RealPage, I oversaw the integration of Rainmaker and was responsible for delivering and improving the annual user conference: RealWorld 2018. Specialties: Business Consulting, with a deep functional understanding of price optimization (revenue management), market and business intelligence. Extensive experience of B2B Marketing - including content marketing and campaigns, PR, marketing automation (HubSpot and Salesforce.com), event promotion and content program development. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/mike-brewer/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/mike-brewer/support

The nearly full Moon has Chris thinking about Mare Crisium, our neighbour's Sea of Crises. We cover why it was nearly named after Britain, how high resolution images solved a mystery created by a Soviet probe, and nearly find a link to Star Trek. A guide to Mare Crisium is here: https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/astrophotography/moon/mare-crisium/ Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter images of Luna 24 (which landed in the 70s, not the 60s or 80s as Chris says in the podcast) here: https://www.planetary.org/space-images/lroc-view-of-luna-24-on-the-moon And of the Apollo landing sites here: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/news/apollo-sites.html High resolution images of wrinkle ridges are here: https://moon.nasa.gov/resources/485/wrinkle-ridge-in-mare-crisium/

Josh Heck, SVP Sales, Chief Sales Officer of Anyone Home, sits down with Elizabeth Francisco to discuss why and how technology should be used within multifamily, as well as the ways it supports staff and revenue streams in the long run.Josh Heck is the SVP Sales, Chief Sales Officer of Anyone Home. Previously, Josh has spent more than 15 years in the multifamily and property management industry with companies like Rainmaker, LRO, Entrata and American Utility Management (AUM). Josh brings a wealth of experience, providing strategic sales leadership to ensure Anyone Home achieves revenue and growth targets. His primary objective is to be a partner with Anyone Home leadership to help properties make the most of their centralization through CRM, Websites, and Contact Center.About ResMan: ResMan delivers the property management industry's most innovative technology platform, making property investments and operations more profitable and easier to manage. ResMan's platform unlocks a new path to growth for property management companies that deliver consistent NOI improvement and brilliant resident experiences easier than ever before. To learn more about our platform, visit https://learn.myresman.com/proptalk/.

The Space Show Summer Series: Lunar Science In the Artemis Era — Episode 42 The Space Show podcast is on its annual summer hiatus for six weeks. In its place, we are pleased to present our Summer Series: Lunar Science In the Artemis Era. This episode features the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), cosmic rays, Diviner, and the future of the LRO with: * Harlan Spence * Rebecca Ghent * Noah Petro. Lunar Science In the Artemis Era is a series which focuses attention on the science to be done at the Moon by both robotic missions and the crewed Artemis missions. These programs are based on a series of NASA workshops held during 2020, 2021 and 2022 in which the scientific knowledge gaps that need to be filled to achieve the Artemis human missions to the Moon, and the scientific investigations that scientists desire to be done both on the Moon and in the vicinity of the Moon, were discussed. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the participants were talking from their homes and offices, and so the audio quality varies considerably. Some relevant talks were not included because the audio was so dreadful as to make them unlistenable.

The Space Show Summer Series: Lunar Science In the Artemis Era — Episode 41 The Space Show podcast is on its annual summer hiatus for six weeks. In its place, we are pleased to present our Summer Series: Lunar Science In the Artemis Era. This episode features the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), lunar south pole, crater production, regolith overturn, surface ice identifications, and the future of the LRO with: * Emerson Speyerer * Lizeth Magaña * Noah Petro. Lunar Science In the Artemis Era is a series which focuses attention on the science to be done at the Moon by both robotic missions and the crewed Artemis missions. These programs are based on a series of NASA workshops held during 2020, 2021 and 2022 in which the scientific knowledge gaps that need to be filled to achieve the Artemis human missions to the Moon, and the scientific investigations that scientists desire to be done both on the Moon and in the vicinity of the Moon, were discussed. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the participants were talking from their homes and offices, and so the audio quality varies considerably. Some relevant talks were not included because the audio was so dreadful as to make them unlistenable.

Nuevos prefijos del Sistema Internacional / Tumblr añadirá ActivityPub / Orion ya orbita la Luna / Facebook detectará adultos sospechosos / Muchos Caterpies en el nuevo Pokemon / Mercedes quiere que pagues por acelerar más rápido Patrocinador: Estas Navidades en casi todas las casas de España habrá un Jamón. Si quieres tener el mejor, tienes que ir con los mejores, con los maestros artesanos jamoneros de Maximiliano Jabugo. Solo venden online, y si compras antes del 1 de diciembre, tendrás un 7% de descuento. Nuevos prefijos del Sistema Internacional / Tumblr añadirá ActivityPub / Orion ya orbita la Luna / Facebook detectará adultos sospechosos / Muchos Caterpies en el nuevo Pokemon / Mercedes quiere que pagues por acelerar más rápido

I denne episode af RumSnak skal vi se nærmere på kort – mere specifikt topografiske kort over Månen. Man kender jo nok godt det her med at man kigger på et kort, hvis man skal hen et sted man ikke har været før – så man ved hvordan man finder derhen, og hvordan man orienterer sig når man skal gå omkring. Sådan er det også med Månen – problemet er bare at de eksisterende kort ikke er særligt præcise, og de kræver også meget regnekraft at lave. Nu er det dog lykkedes at lave nye matematiske behandlinger af både billeder og laser-målinger, som giver meget bedre Månekort, og som oven i købet kræver meget mindre computerkraft. Det fortæller gæsteforsker Iris Fernandes fra Niels Bohr Institutet. Udover Månekort har vi masser af korte nyheder, og vi fortæller også om vores næste live-optagelse, der finder sted i Rundetårn den 11.11. God fornøjelse

S03E01 - Women's World Cup Post-Draw Reaction -- In this episode - we did a post-draw reaction with friends of the pod Ivan, Mark and Kent. Ivan is a football commentator, you'll hear him calling the recent friendlies for the Filipinas and also in the Philippine Football League. Kent is a writer and part of the Eat Sleep Breathe Football gang and the Ultras Filipinas. Mark is a former LRO for the PFF from 2012-2017. He has scouted over 800 players and 67 of them already played for the national team. https://www.facebook.com/eatsleepbreathefootballPH https://www.instagram.com/psana_v2/ https://www.facebook.com/WeArePFL -- If you're enjoying this podcast, a zero-cost way to support is to like, share and subscribe. Be sure to hit the BELL icon to get notified when I post something new, thank you very much! --- Futbol Brew is a podcast on Spotify, Google and Apple Podcast https://linktr.ee/futbolbrew --- SOCIALS - https://www.facebook.com/FutbolBrew http://www.instagram.com/FutbolBrew https://twitter.com/FutbolBrew ---

NASA is using the power of the Pleiades supercomputer to layer thousands of satellite images taken by cameras aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.

Condiciones laborales repartidores / WhatsApp para Negocios revoluciona la política / Rifle anti-drones ucraniano / Encuentran el crater chino en la Luna / MWC se queda en España Patrocinador: Las hidrolimpiadoras de Karcher son la mejor herramienta para limpiar dentro y fuera de tu casa, ahorrando un 80% de agua. Son muy eficientes gracias a su motor refrigerado por agua, y si compras una hidrolimpiadora K7, K5 o K4 de Kärcher, te regalan hasta 200 € en accesorios. Condiciones laborales repartidores / WhatsApp para Negocios revoluciona la política / Rifle anti-drones ucraniano / Encuentran el crater chino en la Luna / MWC se queda en España

In this episode of the Budget Overland Podcast, Benji has a great conversation with our overlanding friend Erick Huertas, who is passing through on a cross country trip.    Erick Huertas spent most of his childhood in Lancaster County Pennsylvania. Growing up in a low-income household, he developed a passion for the arts as a form of expression early on. Upon graduating High School, Erick enlisted in the United States Navy as a member of the esteemed Hospital Corps. As he began to travel the world as a young adult, he turned to photography to document his memories and the places he had traveled.   While working as a healthcare worker in the fight against COVID, he purchased a Land Rover LR3 as a ‘fixer-upper.' In the summer of 2021. He embarked on the famous Trans-American Trail, a 5,000-mile dirt road trail from Cape Hatteras, NC to the Oregon Dunes. Erick spent 86 Days on the road and traveled across 33 states and 13,000 miles during his westward journey. Documenting his journey in a handwritten journal and taking photos on his iPhone, he will be featured in “Land Rover Owner International” in February 2022.   Erick's moderate success through his trail encouraged him to take photography more seriously. Erick soon purchased a camera and enrolled in The University of Washington's Professional Photography Certificate. Through the Guru Shots Photo Competitions, he has been featured in 11 exhibitions and three magazines. Currently, he writes for LRO and “Rover Depot” documenting his expeditions. Erick also shoots stock photography for Alamy and iStock, a subsidiary of Getty Images. Erick hopes to blend his passions of Photography and writing with his passion for medicine as he aspires to work for Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders).   In addition to being a student of Photography and Nursing, he studies French, German and Arabic. Erick has a strong belief that language and art are some of the best ways in connecting across different cultures. Connect with Erick: Social: @wandering_lottie Email: erickhuertas0@gmail.com www.flickr.com/people/erickhuertas Benji Ward is the founder of FB Budget Overland and co-host of the Budget Overland podcast. Benji is an off-road enthusiast, entrepreneur, and has been involved in the automotive industry for the past ten years.  He enjoys spending quality time with his wife and son, exploring God's creations, and sharing tips and tricks along the way for overlanding.   Jay Tiegs is co-host of the Budget Overland podcast, a 26 year veteran of the U.S. Army, outdoor enthusiast, and endurance athlete. He is passionate about outdoor adventure travel in his Toyota 4Runner and loves sharing his experiences to encourage others to get outside.   If you enjoy the podcast, would you please consider leaving a short review on Apple Podcasts/ITunes? Your feedback is important to me and it would also take less than 60 seconds and make a difference in getting those hard to get guests as we expand our reach.   Vist the Budget Overland Store: https://budget-overland-swag.myshopify.com/   Join the Budget Overland Newsletter: https://www.jaytiegs.com/pl/2147549465   Join the Budget Overland Facebook Community:  https://www.facebook.com/groups/312054236893725   Watch the Budget Overland Youtube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcro_9fySgsgZiwO1E1lj1g Contact/Follow Benji:  Instagram: @slow.yota Email: Budgetoverlandofficial@gmail.com    Contact/Follow Jay:  Link Tree: https://linktr.ee/dohardthings Email: jay@jaytiegs.com Website: www.jaytiegs.com

In this episode of the Budget Overland Podcast, Benji has a great conversation with our overlanding friend Erick Huertas, who is passing through on a cross country trip.  Erick Huertas spent most of his childhood in Lancaster County Pennsylvania. Growingup in a low-income household, he developed a passion for the arts as a form ofexpression early on. Upon graduating High School, Erick enlisted in the United StatesNavy as a member of the esteemed Hospital Corps. As he began to travel the world as a young adult, he turned to photography to document his memories and the places he had traveled. While working as a healthcare worker in the fight against COVID, he purchased a LandRover LR3 as a ‘fixer-upper.' In the summer of 2021. He embarked on the famousTrans-American Trail, a 5,000-mile dirt road trail from Cape Hatteras, NC to the OregonDunes. Erick spent 86 Days on the road and traveled across 33 states and 13,000 milesduring his westward journey. Documenting his journey in a handwritten journal andtaking photos on his iPhone, he will be featured in “Land Rover Owner International” inFebruary 2022. Erick's moderate success through his trail encouraged him to take photography moreseriously. Erick soon purchased a camera and enrolled in The University ofWashington's Professional Photography Certificate. Through the Guru Shots PhotoCompetitions, he has been featured in 11 exhibitions and three magazines. Currently, he writes for LRO and “Rover Depot” documenting his expeditions. Erick also shoots stock photography for Alamy and iStock, a subsidiary of Getty Images.Erick hopes to blend his passions of Photography and writing with his passion formedicine as he aspires to work for Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders). In addition to being a student of Photography and Nursing, he studies French, Germanand Arabic. Erick has a strong belief that language and art are some of the best ways inconnecting across different cultures.Connect with Erick:Social: @wandering_lottieEmail: erickhuertas0@gmail.comwww.flickr.com/people/erickhuertas//////////////////ATTENTION////////////UPDATE BELOW///////////////////Hello, and welcome to the Budget Overland Podcast. Created by Jay and Benji in November 2021. Fast forward to April 2023, Jay and Benji parted ways. Not to worry Benji did a re-boot and skipped to season 3. BOP now has////////////|||\\\Voicemail Hotline+01-314-266-9536LISTENER DISCOUNT CODES:MOORE Expo "BUDGETOVER10" 10% offDevos "BOGOODS" 10% offMORRFlate "BUDGET" 15% offOverland Spices "BOSPICE" 10% offWhiskey & Wilderness "BO10" 10% offBigfoot Blankets "BO10" 10% offLonesome Adv "BO10" 10% offLinks to BO YouTube, Facebook, Instagram and Store go tohttps://www.budgetoverlandportal.com/ Become a BO Supporter! https://www.patreon.com/budgetoverland**Go to Apple Podcast and leave BOP a review! You will automatically be entered for our "Super Swag Pack Giveaway" We announce a winner every 50 Reviews! **Join the monthly "Insider Deals" email, where we partner with companies once a month with discounts on gear! https://www.budgetoverlandportal.com/***A special thanks to my BO PATRONS: Thank You!Joe GWandering PossumBrandon DillowChad LansingShane DeibertJay-Are SmithJimmy Jet -ST4x4ORP

España estudia una impuesto al reparto a domicilio / Rusia bloquea Facebook y Twitter / Samsung limita el rendimiento de sus móviles / Auge y caída de BQ / Disney y Firefox unidos por los pandas rojos / YouTube quiere pagar a los podcasters / 40 años de la última misión a Venus Patrocinador: PC Componentes cumple 17 años con nosotros https://www.pccomponentes.com/aniversario y quieren celebrarlo con una campaña gigante de descuentos, ofertas y concursos. En PC Componentes tienes devoluciones gratuitas https://www.pccomponentes.com/soporte/condiciones-para-devoluciones-de-clientes-particulares, envíos gratuitos a partir de 50 euros https://www.pccomponentes.com/soporte/promocion-de-envio-gratuito que llegan a tu casa en 24 a 48 horas, una garantía de sustitución en 24 horas y en general un servicio cinco estrellas https://www.pccomponentes.com/aniversario. España estudia una impuesto al reparto a domicilio / Rusia bloquea Facebook y Twitter / Samsung limita el rendimiento de sus móviles / Auge y caída de BQ / Disney y Firefox unidos por los pandas rojos / YouTube quiere pagar a los podcasters / 40 años de la última misión a Venus

Episodio espacial dedicado a la basura espacial, un problema que tiende a agravarse cada día ACTUALIDAD Un tema de especial relevancia Nuevas megaconstelaciones de satélites De 4500 satélites activos en órbita, 1800 son de SpaceX Y pidieron permiso para lanzar 42.000 El operador de satélites más grande en la órbita baja terrestre Starlink ahora mismo implicados en 50% de las alertas de colisión (‘encuentros cercanos'), cuando estén desplegados los primeros 12k, subirá al 90% Las megaconstelaciones cambian un poco el juego. Muchísimos satélites en órbita. Son un riesgo en sí mismos Tienen 1700 avisos a la semana Tienen un sistema autónomo para CAMs Cada maniobra invalida los TLEs de Celestrak. Dificulta el control para otros operadores La NASA expresa su preocupación por el plan de despliegue de satélites de SpaceX por primera vez A la NASA le preocupa el potencial de un aumento significativo en la frecuencia de los eventos de conjunción y los posibles impactos en las misiones científicas y de vuelos espaciales tripulados de la NASA China denuncia ante la ONU que su estación espacial ha tenido que esquivar dos satélites de SpaceX China alega que los satélites Starlink se están volviendo demasiado abundantes e impredecibles en órbita, y quiere asegurarse de que Estados Unidos sepa que es responsable de cualquier daño que causen Pidió al secretario general que recordara a sus socios el Tratado del Espacio Ultraterrestre No está claro si el segundo de Starlink maniobró La delegación china afirma que un satélite Starlink se movía constantemente de manera impredecible ¿Un nuevo escenario de conflicto sinoestadounidense? China ha realizado una prueba que parece ser de retirada de residuos: El satélite Shijian 21, lanzado el 24 de octubre de 2021 desde Xichang en un Larga Marcha CZ-3B/G2 Experimental para validar tecnologías de retirada de basura espacial Se fue a GEO El 01/11 el Pentágono dijo que soltó un subsatélite. ¿Motor de apogeo? Realizaron varias maniobras de acercarse y alejarse Hace poco ExoAnalytic Solutions lo estuvo siguiendo con telescopios desde tierra. Se alejó del subsatélite, se acercó al Beidou-2 G2 (de posicionamiento [China tiene satélites de este sistema en GEO inclinadas]) Se fue acercando, y lo capturó. Luego, se lo llevó casi 3000 km por encima de GEO, a una órbita cementerio (y hacia el oeste de donde estaba). ¿Brazo robot? ¿En la tobera como el MEV-1? ¿Una red? No se sabe. China no dice nada. Este secretismo no les ayuda. Pero, de momento, está clara que su misión declarada es lo que era. Han retirado un satélite no funcional de una zona protegida. Es un logro notable. HISTORIA Un poco de Historia La humanidad ha generado basura espacial desde el principio El satélite más antiguo todavía en órbita es el Vanguard I, lanzado el 17 Marzo 1958, y se espera que dure 240 años (se usó y se usa para estudios de densidad atmosférica) Las últimas etapas de los cohetes se quedaban en órbita. Hay muchísimas todavía Eventos más famosos generadores de basura espacial: El proyecto West Ford (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_West_Ford?wprov=sfti1) Esto es "genial". Una prueba de las locuras de la guerra fría En esa época las comunicaciones iban por cables submarinos o rebotando en la ionosfera. ¿Y si los soviéticos cortaban los cables? ¿Era la ionosfera suficientemente confiable? El plan era, atención, lanzar 480 millones de agujas de cobre, muy finas, de 1'78 cm (la mitad de la longitud de onda de la señal de 8GHz) Se lanzaron en tres ocasiones a alturas de más de 3000 km y a 96º y 87º de inclinación (casi polares) En la primera prueba, las antenas no se dispersaban, quedando todas juntas Se abandonó cuando aparecieron mejores soluciones, como los satélites de comunicaciones El embajador USA ante la ONU justificó que perturbaciones como la presión de radiación solar las harían reentrar en pocos años Pero no, algunos de los montones que no se desplegaron siguen arriba 11 de enero de 2007. Prueba antisatélite china (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Chinese_anti-satellite_missile_test?wprov=sfti1). 865 km de altura. Satélite FY-1C, de la serie Fengyun Destruido en un choque frontal con un impactador cinético. El último test anti satélite había sido en 1985 (un misil lanzado desde un F-15 estadounidense) Se detectaron casi 3500 trozos Se calcula que alrededor del 30% seguirán en órbita para el 2035 20 de febrero de 2008. Prueba antisatélite estadounidense (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Burnt_Frost?wprov=sfti1) Un satélite de la NRO, el USA-193 Se justificó diciendo que llevaba hidracina muy tóxica y que se había perdido el control Se lanzó desde un barco Había un vuelo de la lanzadera espacial programado, así que esperaron a que aterrizara También lo querían muy bajo para minimizar el debris, pero no mucho, al no ser un cuerpo aerodinámico, lo que complicaría las cosas Ventana de ocho días Una altura de unos 250 km Se detectaron 174 piezas, que re-entraron en pocos meses. Dos duraron algo más. La última re-entró 20 meses después Siempre negaron que fuera respuesta a la prueba china. Febrero de 2009: El choque entre un satélite Iridium (operacional) y uno ruso Kosmos 2251 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_satellite_collision?wprov=sfti1). Primer choque entre dos satélites (aunque antes ya habían chocado satélites con debris). Altura de 789 km. Chocaron a 11,700 m/s de forma casi perpendicular Los cálculos realizados por CelesTrak esperaban que estos dos satélites fallaran en 584 metros. 10 días después se estimaron unos 1000 piezas de más de 10 cm (muchas más de tamaño menor). Un año después eran alrededor de 2000. 5 años después, 1500 seguían en órbita (otras habían reentrado) Restos de esta colisión pasaron cerca de la ISS (un trozo pasó a 120 m. La tripulación estaba en las Soyuz) Misión Shakti. 27 marzo de 2019. La India hace su prueba anti satélite (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_Shakti?wprov=sfti1). El objetivo era un satélite de prueba a 283 km Otro impactador cinético Supuestamente, empezaron activamente tras la prueba China Eligieron una órbita baja para minimizar los debris que se generaban Más o menos, en unos meses la mayoría habían reentrado. Los que llegaron más altos tardaron uno o dos años La prueba rusa del 2021. Hablamos de ella en el primer episodio y a ese episodio nos remitimos EL PROBLEMA YA NO ES QUE SE LANCE, SINO QUE NO SE RETIRE Algunas de las altitudes más congestionadas en la órbita terrestre baja son las que van de 750 a 850 kilómetros, un cementerio de satélites rusos, chinos y estadounidenses que han ido abandonándose a lo largo de las décadas. Algunos cuerpos de cohetes que orbitan la Tierra son enormes y pesan alrededor de 9 toneladas, como autobuses Otra altitud problemática es entre 1400 y 1500 kilómetros, donde no hay suficiente resistencia atmosférica para hacerlos frenar. A 500 o 600 kilómetros, el arrastre de la atmósfera derriba los escombros en máx. 10 a 20 años.  “A 1400 kilómetros, estará allí durante siglos” El Comando Espacial de EE.UU. actualmente rastrea alrededor de 35000 objetos de escombros, el 70% de los cuales están en órbita terrestre baja. LeoLabs rastrea objetos del tamaño de una pelota de béisbol y más grandes. McKnight dijo que hay entre 500000 y 900000 artículos más pequeños que actualmente no se rastrean y "cruzamos los dedos y esperamos que no nos golpeen". ALERTAS DE COLISIÓN El NORAD empezó a crear bases de datos recopilando lo que hay en el espacio desde el Sputnik ¿En qué consisten estas bases de datos? La información se almacena en lo que se conoce como Two line elements – el sistema clásico de parámetros orbitales Da información de la órbita y su evolución futura Son relativamente precisas para un cierto espacio de tiempo (días / semanas)… …dejan de valer si un satélite maniobra. Celestrak. Probablemente la principal base de datos a día de hoy Hay varias instituciones a día de hoy trabajando en generar alertas de colisiones CSpOC (Combined Space Operations Center en la Vandenberg Space Force Base). Desde 2005, antes se llamaba JSpOC (Joint Space Operations Center), se cambió el nombre en 2018). Hay empresas privadas, como LeoLabs. Muy críticos últimamente con todo el tema de la basura espacial. Después de analizar la probabilidad de colisiones en la órbita terrestre baja y las consecuencias en términos de desechos producidos, la startup de mapeo espacial LeoLabs advierte a los operadores de naves espaciales que se mantengan alejados de ciertas altitudes. "No compre condominios en el rango de 780 a 850 kilómetros", dijo Darren McKnight, miembro técnico senior de LeoLabs, el 6 de enero durante un webcast del Centro de Investigación y Política Espacial de la Universidad de Washington. Esa altitud alberga escombros de un evento ASAT chino, cuerpos de cohetes rusos abandonados y cargas útiles y escombros estadounidenses descartados. PD McKnight también advirtió sobre problemas a 1.400 kilómetros, donde los escombros se acumulan durante siglos. Aparte de decir de forma clara y casi brusca que opina que los USA van muy por detrás del resto en misión de contención de basura espacial. El radar S3TSR (Spanish Space Surveillance and Tracking Space Radar) está situado en la Base Aérea de Morón (Sevilla) y su operación y sostenimiento es responsabilidad del COVE (Centro de Operaciones de Vigilancia Espacial del Ejército del Aire), centro a través del cual España participa en el consorcio EU-SST. El primero de Europa en detectar los restos del satélite ruso Tselina-D tras su destrucción Maniobras para evitar la colisión: Primero se estudia el aviso (suele llegar del CSpOC). Se analiza (determina) mejor la órbita de los dos objetos. Se analiza la probabilidad. Se decide si se maniobra Cambio de órbita Cambio de periodo Consideraciones operacionales (impacto en el combustible y en la misión del satélite) MITIGACIÓN Qué se puede hacer antes, para evitar ser un debris Planificar el final de la vida: Motores, tethers, elementos de añadir resistencia Hay varias estrategias, en función de la órbita Reentrada Órbitas cementerio Para ayudar en Active Debris Removal (ADR): Marcadores, luces, pegatinas, enganches, sistemas de reducción del giro (los satélites muertos giran sin control, en general) Técnicas de retirada activa de basura espacial: Contacto Hay técnicas de tirar (son técnicas que no necesitan una sincronización muy compleja, es decir, el «detumbling» puede hacerse con el propio agarre), y técnicas de empujar (técnicas con una sincronización rígida). Tirar (laxos) Las redes con cable Los arpones con cable Un sistema de agarre con cable Empujar (sincronizados) Brazos robot (con o sin sistemas de amortiguamiento) Tentáculos. Sirven para casos en los que haya cierta incertidumbre en el cuerpo a capturar Sin contacto «Pastoreo» con impulsión iónica (los motores se ponen contra el debris — necesita motores al otro lado para compensar) Tractores electrostáticos Láser (mediante transferencia de impulso, o mediante ablación en el debris) Kits de desorbitación. Por ejemplo, con cohetes de combustible sólido, o con kits desplegables, como con cables, o superficies que incrementen la resistencia. Normalmente antes de capturarlos hay que cancelar su giro. Suelen estar girando sin control. Hay varias técnicas también, muchas relacionadas con los métodos anteriores. NORMATIVA Normativa. Vimos hace poco que Kamala Harris creó un marco de prioridades espaciales para Estados Unidos que incluye eliminación de desechos orbitales, pero no es más que una primera piedra Estados Unidos líder en lanzamientos espaciales, muy retrasada en la retirada de basura ¿Cómo se regula este tema? La normativa es muy escasa. No hay realmente nada a nivel internacional que obligue a tratar con el tema. Algunos países lanzadores pueden tener normativa, de forma que sólo lancen objetos que cumplan ciertas características (porque según los tratados en vigor, el estado lanzador es responsable de los daños que provoquen los objetos que lancen). Aparte de los tratados como el Tratado del Espacio Ultraterrestre, hay recomendaciones, que no obligaciones, como las Guías para la Mitigación de la Basura Espacial, del COPUOS, Comité para el Uso Pacífico del Espacio Ultraterrestre, u otra del mismo nombre del INTER-AGENCY SPACE DEBRIS COORDINATION COMMITTEE La Space systems — Space debris mitigation requirements - ISO 24113:2019, que es voluntaria) Locales. Las ECSS, por ejemplo Dos zonas de especial protección: LEO y GEO. Técnicas: reentradas u órbitas cementerio 25 años máximo en órbita Reentrada controlada si la probabilidad de bajas es mayor a 10e-4 EMPRESAS ¿Qué se está haciendo en este campo? Interés privado: DeorbitKit, RemoveDebris, AstroScale... Detección: LeoLabs, Privateer AstroScale tiene una misión ahora mismo haciendo pruebas, aunque han tenido que detenerlo recientemente por tener un problema Surrey también ha realizado pruebas en órbita Interés público: eDeorbit, Andorid, Clean Space (proyecto ESA, empresa privada suiza), prueba de retirar un adaptador de cohete. GEO: prolongación de la vida (dos misiones ya, las MEV de Northrop-Grumman) El problema es intentar controlar el número de objetos en órbita y, sobre todo, su riesgo. El objetivo hace unos años era retirar cosas grandes (ENVISAT y etapas de lanzadores. Básicamente, que no aumente el problema). Para mantener la situación bajo control se estima que el 90-99% debería desorbitar, lo cual excede las cifras actuales. La Space Force quiere colaborar con empresas privadas. Ha mostrado interés, pero de momento habla poco de financiación. El brazo tecnológico de la Fuerza Espacial conocido como SpaceWERX lanzó un programa llamado Orbital Prime que solicita propuestas de empresas privadas e instituciones académicas sobre tecnologías para eliminar desechos espaciales Los equipos pueden ganar premios en la Fase 1 de $250,000 y premios en la Fase 2 de $1.5 millones. Si se selecciona alguno para una demostración en el espacio, el gobierno financiará una parte del coste. INCLUSO EN LA LUNA Por terminar el tema, comentar que aunque el problema es básicamente terrestre, tenemos que tener cuidado en no «exportarlo» a otros cuerpos. Por ejemplo, recientemente (finales del año 2021), dos sondas lunares tuvieron una alerta. Chandrayaan-2 de la India realizó una maniobra el 18 de octubre para evitar un acercamiento con Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter de la NASA Chandrayaan-2 realizó una maniobra dos días antes de la conjunción prevista para el 20 de octubre después de que los datos orbitales mostraran que las dos naves espaciales se acercarían a tres kilómetros entre sí. el anuncio pasó desapercibido porque se emitió el mismo día que ocurrió la prueba de misil antisatélite ruso Tanto la NASA como la agencia espacial india ISRO dijeron que se coordinaron entre sí en la maniobra, pero no revelaron cómo decidieron que Chandrayaan-2, en lugar de LRO, debería ser el que maniobre. Chandrayaan-2 entró en órbita lunar en agosto de 2019 y, en ese momento, los funcionarios de ISRO dijeron que la nave espacial tendría suficiente propulsor para operar durante siete años y medio. LRO, por el contrario, ha estado en órbita lunar desde 2009, la NASA dijo el año pasado que tenía suficiente combustible a bordo para al menos seis años más de operaciones. A finales de enero saltó la noticia de que un viejo cohete de SpaceX iba camino de estrellarse contra la Luna. Resulta que los astrónomos estaban equivocados. Sí, un cohete va a impactar de manera descontrolada en la superficie del satélite el 4 de marzo, pero no es la segunda etapa de un Falcon 9, sino el propulsor de un cohete Larga Marcha 3C que se usó en la misión china Chang'e 5-T1 en 2014. ¿PRÓXIMAMENTE MARTE? En marzo, la NASA confirmó que estaba intercambiando datos con la agencia espacial china sobre las órbitas de sus naves que orbitan Marte después de algunas frustraciones iniciales por la falta de datos sobre la órbita de Tianwen-1. PARSEC es un podcast semanal sobre exploración espacial presentado por Javier Atapuerca y Matías S. Zavia. Haznos llegar tus preguntas por Twitter: @parsecpodcast@JaviAtapu@matiass Puedes escucharnos en todas las plataformas a través de parsecpodcast.com.

Case of the Week now has post show quizzes. LRO medical student producer Andrew Nguyen explains what they're all about.    Find post show quizzes here Send us a voice message using speak pipe here or at https://www.speakpipe.com/LetsReadOut

In this episode of the Budget Overland Podcast, Benji and I have a great conversation with Erick Huertas  Erick Huertas spent most of his childhood in Lancaster County Pennsylvania. Growingup in a low-income household, he developed a passion for the arts as a form ofexpression early on. Upon graduating High School, Erick enlisted in the United StatesNavy as a member of the esteemed Hospital Corps. As he began to travel the world as a young adult, he turned to photography to document his memories and the places he had traveled. While working as a healthcare worker in the fight against COVID, he purchased a LandRover LR3 as a ‘fixer-upper.' In the summer of 2021. He embarked on the famousTrans-American Trail, a 5,000-mile dirt road trail from Cape Hatteras, NC to the OregonDunes. Erick spent 86 Days on the road and traveled across 33 states and 13,000 milesduring his westward journey. Documenting his journey in a handwritten journal andtaking photos on his iPhone, he will be featured in “Land Rover Owner International” inFebruary 2022. Erick's moderate success through his trail encouraged him to take photography moreseriously. Erick soon purchased a camera and enrolled in The University ofWashington's Professional Photography Certificate. Through the Guru Shots PhotoCompetitions, he has been featured in 11 exhibitions and three magazines. Currently, he writes for LRO and “Rover Depot” documenting his expeditions. Erick also shoots stock photography for Alamy and iStock, a subsidiary of Getty Images.Erick hopes to blend his passions of Photography and writing with his passion formedicine as he aspires to work for Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders). In addition to being a student of Photography and Nursing, he studies French, Germanand Arabic. Erick has a strong belief that language and art are some of the best ways inconnecting across different cultures.Connect with Erick:Social: @wandering_lottieEmail: erickhuertas0@gmail.comwww.flickr.com/people/erickhuertas //////////////////ATTENTION////////////UPDATE BELOW///////////////////Hello, and welcome to the Budget Overland Podcast. Created by Jay and Benji in November 2021. Fast forward to April 2023, Jay and Benji parted ways. Not to worry Benji did a re-boot and skipped to season 3. BOP now has two show a week, Monday & Thursday! Out of respect fo////////////|||\\\Voicemail Hotline+01-314-266-9536LISTENER DISCOUNT CODES:MOORE Expo "BUDGETOVER10" 10% offDevos "BOGOODS" 10% offMORRFlate "BUDGET" 15% offOverland Spices "BOSPICE" 10% offWhiskey & Wilderness "BO10" 10% offBigfoot Blankets "BO10" 10% offLonesome Adv "BO10" 10% offLinks to BO YouTube, Facebook, Instagram and Store go tohttps://www.budgetoverlandportal.com/ Become a BO Supporter! https://www.patreon.com/budgetoverland**Go to Apple Podcast and leave BOP a review! You will automatically be entered for our "Super Swag Pack Giveaway" We announce a winner every 50 Reviews! **Join the monthly "Insider Deals" email, where we partner with companies once a month with discounts on gear! https://www.budgetoverlandportal.com/***A special thanks to my BO PATRONS: Thank You!Joe GWandering PossumBrandon DillowChad LansingShane DeibertJay-Are SmithJimmy Jet -ST4x4ORP

Nesse episódio vou contar para vocês a história do módulo de pouso Vikram da missão Chandrayaan 2 que depois de ficar perdido em solo lunar, onde se chocou, foi encontrado pela missão LRO da NASA.

When we look outward into space, we're looking backwards in time. That's because light moves, at the speed of light. It takes time for the light to reach us. But it gets even stranger than that. Light can be absorbed, reflected, and re-emitted by gas and dust, giving us a second look. They're called light echoes, and allow astronomers another way to understand the Universe around us. Audio Podcast version: ITunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/universe-today-guide-to-space-audio/id794058155?mt=2 RSS: https://www.universetoday.com/audio What Fraser's Watching Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmkjd428BcHcCEVWOjv7cJ1G Weekly email newsletter: https://www.universetoday.com/newsletter Support us at: http://www.patreon.com/universetoday More stories at: http://www.universetoday.com/ Twitch: https://twitch.tv/fcain Follow us on Twitter: @universetoday Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/universetoday Instagram - http://instagram.com/universetoday Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain / frasercain@gmail.com Karla Thompson - @karlaii / https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEItkORQYd4Wf0TpgYI_1fw Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com References: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/arecibo-radar-returns-with-asteroid-phaethon-images https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/multimedia/lroimages/lroc-20100413-apollo15-LRRR.html https://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic0617a/ https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/light-echoes-give-clues-to-protoplanetary-disk https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/nasa-s-nicer-mission-maps-light-echoes-of-new-black-hole https://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/2017/news-2017-42.html https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1814a/Support Universe Today Podcast

We look at how Netflix serves 100 Gbps from an Open Connect Appliance, read through the 2nd quarter FreeBSD status report, show you a freebsd-update speedup via nginx reverse proxy, and customize your OpenBSD default shell. This episode was brought to you by Headlines Serving 100 Gbps from an Open Connect Appliance (https://medium.com/netflix-techblog/serving-100-gbps-from-an-open-connect-appliance-cdb51dda3b99) In the summer of 2015, the Netflix Open Connect CDN team decided to take on an ambitious project. The goal was to leverage the new 100GbE network interface technology just coming to market in order to be able to serve at 100 Gbps from a single FreeBSD-based Open Connect Appliance (OCA) using NVM Express (NVMe)-based storage. At the time, the bulk of our flash storage-based appliances were close to being CPU limited serving at 40 Gbps using single-socket Xeon E5–2697v2. The first step was to find the CPU bottlenecks in the existing platform while we waited for newer CPUs from Intel, newer motherboards with PCIe Gen3 x16 slots that could run the new Mellanox 100GbE NICs at full speed, and for systems with NVMe drives. Fake NUMA Normally, most of an OCA's content is served from disk, with only 10–20% of the most popular titles being served from memory (see our previous blog, Content Popularity for Open Connect (https://medium.com/@NetflixTechBlog/content-popularity-for-open-connect-b86d56f613b) for details). However, our early pre-NVMe prototypes were limited by disk bandwidth. So we set up a contrived experiment where we served only the very most popular content on a test server. This allowed all content to fit in RAM and therefore avoid the temporary disk bottleneck. Surprisingly, the performance actually dropped from being CPU limited at 40 Gbps to being CPU limited at only 22 Gbps! The ultimate solution we came up with is what we call “Fake NUMA”. This approach takes advantage of the fact that there is one set of page queues per NUMA domain. All we had to do was to lie to the system and tell it that we have one Fake NUMA domain for every 2 CPUs. After we did this, our lock contention nearly disappeared and we were able to serve at 52 Gbps (limited by the PCIe Gen3 x8 slot) with substantial CPU idle time. After we had newer prototype machines, with an Intel Xeon E5 2697v3 CPU, PCIe Gen3 x16 slots for 100GbE NIC, and more disk storage (4 NVMe or 44 SATA SSD drives), we hit another bottleneck, also related to a lock on a global list. We were stuck at around 60 Gbps on this new hardware, and we were constrained by pbufs. Our first problem was that the list was too small. We were spending a lot of time waiting for pbufs. This was easily fixed by increasing the number of pbufs allocated at boot time by increasing the kern.nswbuf tunable. However, this update revealed the next problem, which was lock contention on the global pbuf mutex. To solve this, we changed the vnode pager (which handles paging to files, rather than the swap partition, and hence handles all sendfile() I/O) to use the normal kernel zone allocator. This change removed the lock contention, and boosted our performance into the 70 Gbps range. As noted above, we make heavy use of the VM page queues, especially the inactive queue. Eventually, the system runs short of memory and these queues need to be scanned by the page daemon to free up memory. At full load, this was happening roughly twice per minute. When this happened, all NGINX processes would go to sleep in vm_wait() and the system would stop serving traffic while the pageout daemon worked to scan pages, often for several seconds. This problem is actually made progressively worse as one adds NUMA domains, because there is one pageout daemon per NUMA domain, but the page deficit that it is trying to clear is calculated globally. So if the vm pageout daemon decides to clean, say 1GB of memory and there are 16 domains, each of the 16 pageout daemons will individually attempt to clean 1GB of memory. To solve this problem, we decided to proactively scan the VM page queues. In the sendfile path, when allocating a page for I/O, we run the pageout code several times per second on each VM domain. The pageout code is run in its lightest-weight mode in the context of one unlucky NGINX process. Other NGINX processes continue to run and serve traffic while this is happening, so we can avoid bursts of pager activity that blocks traffic serving. Proactive scanning allowed us to serve at roughly 80 Gbps on the prototype hardware. Hans Petter Selasky, Mellanox's 100GbE driver developer, came up with an innovative solution to our problem. Most modern NICs will supply an Receive Side Scaling (RSS) hash result to the host. RSS is a standard developed by Microsoft wherein TCP/IP traffic is hashed by source and destination IP address and/or TCP source and destination ports. The RSS hash result will almost always uniquely identify a TCP connection. Hans' idea was that rather than just passing the packets to the LRO engine as they arrive from the network, we should hold the packets in a large batch, and then sort the batch of packets by RSS hash result (and original time of arrival, to keep them in order). After the packets are sorted, packets from the same connection are adjacent even when they arrive widely separated in time. Therefore, when the packets are passed to the FreeBSD LRO routine, it can aggregate them. With this new LRO code, we were able to achieve an LRO aggregation rate of over 2 packets per aggregation, and were able to serve at well over 90 Gbps for the first time on our prototype hardware for mostly unencrypted traffic. So the job was done. Or was it? The next goal was to achieve 100 Gbps while serving only TLS-encrypted streams. By this point, we were using hardware which closely resembles today's 100GbE flash storage-based OCAs: four NVMe PCIe Gen3 x4 drives, 100GbE ethernet, Xeon E5v4 2697A CPU. With the improvements described in the Protecting Netflix Viewing Privacy at Scale blog entry, we were able to serve TLS-only traffic at roughly 58 Gbps. In the lock contention problems we'd observed above, the cause of any increased CPU use was relatively apparent from normal system level tools like flame graphs, DTrace, or lockstat. The 58 Gbps limit was comparatively strange. As before, the CPU use would increase linearly as we approached the 58 Gbps limit, but then as we neared the limit, the CPU use would increase almost exponentially. Flame graphs just showed everything taking longer, with no apparent hotspots. We finally had a hunch that we were limited by our system's memory bandwidth. We used the Intel® Performance Counter Monitor Tools to measure the memory bandwidth we were consuming at peak load. We then wrote a simple memory thrashing benchmark that used one thread per core to copy between large memory chunks that did not fit into cache. According to the PCM tools, this benchmark consumed the same amount of memory bandwidth as our OCA's TLS-serving workload. So it was clear that we were memory limited. At this point, we became focused on reducing memory bandwidth usage. To assist with this, we began using the Intel VTune profiling tools to identify memory loads and stores, and to identify cache misses. Because we are using sendfile() to serve data, encryption is done from the virtual memory page cache into connection-specific encryption buffers. This preserves the normal FreeBSD page cache in order to allow serving of hot data from memory to many connections. One of the first things that stood out to us was that the ISA-L encryption library was using half again as much memory bandwidth for memory reads as it was for memory writes. From looking at VTune profiling information, we saw that ISA-L was somehow reading both the source and destination buffers, rather than just writing to the destination buffer. We realized that this was because the AVX instructions used by ISA-L for encryption on our CPUs worked on 256-bit (32-byte) quantities, whereas the cache line size was 512-bits (64 bytes)?—?thus triggering the system to do read-modify-writes when data was written. The problem is that the the CPU will normally access the memory system in 64 byte cache line-sized chunks, reading an entire 64 bytes to access even just a single byte. After a quick email exchange with the ISA-L team, they provided us with a new version of the library that used non-temporal instructions when storing encryption results. Non-temporals bypass the cache, and allow the CPU direct access to memory. This meant that the CPU was no longer reading from the destination buffers, and so this increased our bandwidth from 58 Gbps to 65 Gbps. At 100 Gbps, we're moving about 12.5 GB/s of 4K pages through our system unencrypted. Adding encryption doubles that to 25 GB/s worth of 4K pages. That's about 6.25 Million mbufs per second. When you add in the extra 2 mbufs used by the crypto code for TLS metadata at the beginning and end of each TLS record, that works out to another 1.6M mbufs/sec, for a total of about 8M mbufs/second. With roughly 2 cache line accesses per mbuf, that's 128 bytes * 8M, which is 1 GB/s (8 Gbps) of data that is accessed at multiple layers of the stack (alloc, free, crypto, TCP, socket buffers, drivers, etc). At this point, we're able to serve 100% TLS traffic comfortably at 90 Gbps using the default FreeBSD TCP stack. However, the goalposts keep moving. We've found that when we use more advanced TCP algorithms, such as RACK and BBR, we are still a bit short of our goal. We have several ideas that we are currently pursuing, which range from optimizing the new TCP code to increasing the efficiency of LRO to trying to do encryption closer to the transfer of the data (either from the disk, or to the NIC) so as to take better advantage of Intel's DDIO and save memory bandwidth. FreeBSD April to June 2017 Status Report (https://www.freebsd.org/news/status/report-2017-04-2017-06.html) FreeBSD Team Reports FreeBSD Release Engineering Team Ports Collection The FreeBSD Core Team The FreeBSD Foundation The Postmaster Team Projects 64-bit Inode Numbers Capability-Based Network Communication for Capsicum/CloudABI Ceph on FreeBSD DTS Updates Kernel Coda revival FreeBSD Driver for the Annapurna Labs ENA Intel 10G Driver Update pNFS Server Plan B Architectures FreeBSD on Marvell Armada38x FreeBSD/arm64 Userland Programs DTC Using LLVM's LLD Linker as FreeBSD's System Linker Ports A New USES Macro for Porting Cargo-Based Rust Applications GCC (GNU Compiler Collection) GNOME on FreeBSD KDE on FreeBSD New Port: FRRouting PHP Ports: Help Improving QA Rust sndio Support in the FreeBSD Ports Collection TensorFlow Updating Port Metadata for non-x86 Architectures Xfce on FreeBSD Documentation Absolute FreeBSD, 3rd Edition Doc Version Strings Improved by Their Absence New Xen Handbook Section Miscellaneous BSD Meetups at Rennes (France) Third-Party Projects HardenedBSD DPDK, VPP, and the future of pfSense @ the DPDK Summit (https://www.pscp.tv/DPDKProject/1dRKZnleWbmKB?t=5h1m0s) The DPDK (Data Plane Development Kit) conference included a short update from the pfSense project The video starts with a quick introduction to pfSense and the company behind it It covers the issues they ran into trying to scale to 10gbps and beyond, and some of the solutions they tried: libuinet, netmap, packet-journey Then they discovered VPP (Vector Packet Processing) The video then covers the architecture of the new pfSense pfSense has launched of EC2, on Azure soon, and will launch support for the new Atom C3000 and Xeon hardware with built-in QAT (Quick-Assist crypto offload) in November The future: 100gbps, MPLS, VXLANs, and ARM64 hardware support *** News Roundup Local nginx reverse proxy cache for freebsd-update (https://wiki.freebsd.org/VladimirKrstulja/Guides/FreeBSDUpdateReverseProxy) Vladimir Krstulja has created this interesting tutorial on the FreeBSD wiki about a freebsd-update reverse proxy cache Either because you're a good netizen and don't want to repeatedly hammer the FreeBSD mirrors to upgrade all your systems, or you want to benefit from the speed of having a local "mirror" (cache, more precisely), running a freebsd update reverse proxy cache with, say, nginx is dead simple. 1. Install nginx somewhere 2. Configure nginx for a subdomain, say, freebsd-update.example.com 3. On all your hosts, in all your jails, configure /etc/freebsd-update.conf for new ServerName And... that's it. Running freebsd-update will use the ServerName domain which is your reverse nginx proxy. Note the comment about using a "nearby" server is not quite true. FreeBSD update mirrors are frequently slow and running such a reverse proxy cache significantly speeds things up. Caveats: This is a simple cache. That means it doesn't consider the files as a whole repository, which in turn means updates to your cache are not atomic. It'd be advised to nuke your cache before your update run, as its point is only to retain the files in a local cache for some short period of time required for all your machines to be updated. ClonOS is a free, open-source FreeBSD-based platform for virtual environment creation and management (https://clonos.tekroutine.com/) The operating system uses FreeBSD's development branch (12.0-CURRENT) as its base. ClonOS uses ZFS as the default file system and includes web-based administration tools for managing virtual machines and jails. The project's website also mentions the availability of templates for quickly setting up new containers and web-based VNC access to jails. Puppet, we are told, can be used for configuration management. ClonOS can be downloaded as a disk image file (IMG) or as an optical media image (ISO). I downloaded the ISO file which is 1.6GB in size. Booting from ClonOS's media displays a text console asking us to select the type of text terminal we are using. There are four options and most people can probably safely take the default, xterm, option. The operating system, on the surface, appears to be a full installation of FreeBSD 12. The usual collection of FreeBSD packages are available, including manual pages, a compiler and the typical selection of UNIX command line utilities. The operating system uses ZFS as its file system and uses approximately 3.3GB of disk space. ClonOS requires about 50MB of active memory and 143MB of wired memory before any services or jails are created. Most of the key features of ClonOS, the parts which set it apart from vanilla FreeBSD, can be accessed through a web-based control panel. When we connect to this control panel, over a plain HTTP connection, using our web browser, we are not prompted for an account name or password. The web-based interface has a straight forward layout. Down the left side of the browser window we find categories of options and controls. Over on the right side of the window are the specific options or controls available in the selected category. At the top of the page there is a drop-down menu where we can toggle the displayed language between English and Russian, with English being the default. There are twelve option screens we can access in the ClonOS interface and I want to quickly give a summary of each one: Overview - this page shows a top-level status summary. The page lists the number of jails and nodes in the system. We are also shown the number of available CPU cores and available RAM on the system. Jail containers - this page allows us to create and delete jails. We can also change some basic jail settings on this page, adjusting the network configuration and hostname. Plus we can click a button to open a VNC window that allows us to access the jail's command line interface. Template for jails - provides a list of available jail templates. Each template is listed with its name and a brief description. For example, we have a Wordpress template and a bittorrent template. We can click a listed template to create a new jail with a vanilla installation of the selected software included. We cannot download or create new templates from this page. Bhyve VMs - this page is very much like the Jails containers page, but concerns the creation of new virtual machines and managing them. Virtual Private Network - allows for the management of subnets Authkeys - upload security keys for something, but it is not clear for what these keys will be used. Storage media - upload ISO files that will be used when creating virtual machines and installing an operating system in the new virtual environment. FreeBSD Bases - I think this page downloads and builds source code for alternative versions of FreeBSD, but I am unsure and could not find any associated documentation for this page. FreeBSD Sources - download source code for various versions of FreeBSD. TaskLog - browse logs of events, particularly actions concerning jails. SQLite admin - this page says it will open an interface for managing a SQLite database. Clicking link on the page gives a file not found error. Settings - this page simply displays a message saying the settings page has not been implemented yet. While playing with ClonOS, I wanted to perform a couple of simple tasks. I wanted to use the Wordpress template to set up a blog inside a jail. I wanted a generic, empty jail in which I could play and run commands without harming the rest of the operating system. I also wanted to try installing an operating system other than FreeBSD inside a Bhyve virtual environment. I thought this would give me a pretty good idea of how quick and easy ClonOS would make common tasks. Conclusions ClonOS appears to be in its early stages of development, more of a feature preview or proof-of-concept than a polished product. A few of the settings pages have not been finished yet, the web-based controls for jails are unable to create jails that connect to the network and I was unable to upload even small ISO files to create virtual machines. The project's website mentions working with Puppet to handle system configuration, but I did not encounter any Puppet options. There also does not appear to be any documentation on using Puppet on the ClonOS platform. One of the biggest concerns I had was the lack of security on ClonOS. The web-based control panel and terminal both automatically login as the root user. Passwords we create for our accounts are ignored and we cannot logout of the local terminal. This means anyone with physical access to the server automatically gains root access and, in addition, anyone on our local network gets access to the web-based admin panel. As it stands, it would not be safe to install ClonOS on a shared network. Some of the ideas present are good ones. I like the idea of jail templates and have used them on other systems. The graphical Bhyve tools could be useful too, if the limitations of the ISO manager are sorted out. But right now, ClonOS still has a way to go before it is likely to be safe or practical to use. Customize ksh display for OpenBSD (http://nanxiao.me/en/customize-ksh-display-for-openbsd/) The default shell for OpenBSD is ksh, and it looks a little monotonous. To make its user-experience more friendly, I need to do some customizations: (1) Modify the “Prompt String” to display the user name and current directory: PS1='$USER:$PWD# ' (2) Install colorls package: pkg_add colorls Use it to replace the shipped ls command: alias ls='colorls -G' (3) Change LSCOLORS environmental variable to make your favorite color. For example, I don't want the directory is displayed in default blue, change it to magenta: LSCOLORS=fxexcxdxbxegedabagacad For detailed explanation of LSCOLORS, please refer manual of colorls. This is my final modification of .profile: PS1='$USER:$PWD# ' export PS1 LSCOLORS=fxexcxdxbxegedabagacad export LSCOLORS alias ls='colorls -G' DragonFly 5 release candidate (https://www.dragonflydigest.com/2017/10/02/20295.html) Commit (http://lists.dragonflybsd.org/pipermail/commits/2017-September/626463.html) I tagged DragonFly 5.0 (commit message list in that link) over the weekend, and there's a 5.0 release candidate for download (http://mirror-master.dragonflybsd.org/iso-images/). It's RC2 because the recent Radeon changes had to be taken out. (http://lists.dragonflybsd.org/pipermail/commits/2017-September/626476.html) Beastie Bits Faster forwarding (http://www.grenadille.net/post/2017/08/21/Faster-forwarding) DRM-Next-Kmod hits the ports tree (http://www.freshports.org/graphics/drm-next-kmod/) OpenBSD Community Goes Platinum (https://undeadly.org/cgi?action=article;sid=20170829025446) Setting up iSCSI on TrueOS and FreeBSD12 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4myESLZPXBU) *** Feedback/Questions Christopher - Virtualizing FreeNAS (http://dpaste.com/38G99CK#wrap) Van - Tar Question (http://dpaste.com/3MEPD3S#wrap) Joe - Book Reviews (http://dpaste.com/0T623Z6#wrap) ***

Successful failures all around! BE-4 has an explosion, Rocketlab reaches space, Schiaparelli gets investigated and LRO gets tapped on the shoulder.

With it being the 40th anniversary of the Apollo 11 landing on the Earth's Moon, we dedicate most of this episode to things lunar. We mention the latest amazing images from NASA's LRO showing the Apollo landing sites from orbit, Sir Bernard Lovell describes Jodrell Bank's involvement with the space race including tracking the Soviet's Luna probes and involvement with Apollo [04:35-32:00]. As always we put your astronomical questions to Dr Tim O'Brien [32:05-42:46] and round-up the feedback we've received since the last show.

With it being the 40th anniversary of the Apollo 11 landing on the Earth's Moon, we dedicate most of this episode to things lunar. We mention the latest amazing images from NASA's LRO showing the Apollo landing sites from orbit, Sir Bernard Lovell describes Jodrell Bank's involvement with the space race including tracking the Soviet's Luna probes and involvement with Apollo [04:35-32:00]. As always we put your astronomical questions to Dr Tim O'Brien [32:05-42:46] and round-up the feedback we've received since the last show.