Deconstructing Disney

Meet Erin and Rachel, two life-long Disney fans who've decided to take on the Disney film catalog with a critical lens. In this introductory episode, they share some Disney memories, quiz each other on Disney trivia, and explain what "deconstructing" actually means. To all who come to this happy podcast, welcome!

Episode SummaryErin and Rachel discuss Disney's first full-length animated feature, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, snidely referred to by critics as "Disney's Folly" before its release and subsequent box office success in 1937. The hosts unpack the impact of this groundbreaking film on popular culture, including its sexist and ableist themes.  Episode BibliographyAloff, M. (2013). Disney’s Snow White at 75. Virginia Quarterly Review, 89(1), 238-244. England, D. E., Descartes, L., Collier-Meek, M. A. (2011). Gender role portrayal and the Disney princesses. Sex Roles, 64, 555-567. Esmail, S., Darry, K., Walter, A., & Knupp, H. (2010). Attitudes and perceptions towards disability and sexuality. Disability Rehabilitation,  32(14), 1148-1155. [fireurgunz]. (2008, August 12). Walt Disney’s multiplane camera (Filmed: Feb. 13, 1957) [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdHTlUGN1zwFrome, J. (2013). Snow White: Critics and criteria for the animated feature film. Quarterly Review of Film and Video, 30(5), 462-473. DOI: 10.1080/10509208.2011.585300Higgs, S. (2016). Damsels in development: Representation, transition, and the Disney princess. Screen Education, 83, 62-69. Hovdestad, W. E., Hubka, D., & Tonmyr, L. (2009). Unwanted personal contact and risky situations in ten Disney animated feature films. Child Abuse Review, 18, 111-126. Kuhn, A.F. (2010). Snow White in 1930s Britain. Journal of British Cinema and Television, 7(2), 183-199. Lenz, L. (2017, June 14). A brief history of dwarism. Pacific Standard. https://psmag.com/social-justice/a-brief-history-of-dwarfism-and-the-little-people-of-americaLittle People of America. https://www.lpaonline.org/Longworth, K. [Host]. (2015, March 31). 39: Star Wars Episode XIII: Walt Disney (39) [Audio Podcast Episode]. In You Must Remember This. Stitcher. https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/stitcher/you-must-remember-this/e/45778139Miller, D.D. & Martin, P. (1956). My Dad, Walt Disney: Part 6 “Disney’s Folly.” Saturday Evening Post, 229(20). Retrieved February 28, 2020, from http://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/wp-content/uploads/satevepost/Disneys-Folly1.pdfMorey, L., Hand, D., Sharpsteen, B., Jackson, W., Pearce, P., Cottrell, W. (Directors). Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. (1937). The Walt Disney Company, Walt Disney Animation Studios. Disney+.Pfeiffer, Lee (2010, July 12). Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 28, 2020, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Snow-White-and-the-Seven-Dwarfs-film-1937Tóth, Z. A. (2017). Disney’s violent women: In quest of a ‘fully real’ violent woman in American cinema. Brno Studies in English, 43(1), 185-212.Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 Film). In Wikipedia. Retrieved February 26, 2020, from https://web.archive.org/web/20200203011808/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_White_and_the_Seven_Dwarfs_(1937_film)Whelan, B. (2012). Power to the princess: Disney and the creation of the 20th century princess narrative. Interdisciplinary Humanities, 29(1), 21-34. Whitley, D. (1997). The idea of nature in Disney animation. Ashgate.Wright, T. M. (1997) Romancing the tale: Walt Disney's adaptation of the Grimms' “Snow White.” Journal of Popular Film and Television, 25(3), 98-108.Youngs, G. (1999). The ghost of Snow White. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 311-314.

Episode SummaryErin and Rachel offer a less favorable take on Disney’s Pinocchio (1940) than the 100% Rotten Tomato rating of this film might suggest. They discuss the historical context of WWII in which the film was released and consider how this relates to the film’s themes about morality and family relationships. Episode BibliographyAllan, R. (1999). Walt Disney and Europe: European Influences on the Animated Feature Films of Walt Disney. Indiana University Press.Barrier, M. (1999). Hollywood cartoons: American animation in its Golden Age. Oxford University Press.Collodi, C. (1926). The adventures of Pinocchio. (C. D. Chiesa, Trans.). (Original work published 1883). Retrieved from https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Pinocchio/Chapter_1Gilligan, C. (1977). In a different voice: Women's conceptions of self and of morality. Harvard Educational Review, 47(4), 481-517.Kohlberg, L. (1963). The development of children's orientations toward a moral order: I. Sequence in the development of moral thought. Vita Humana, 6(1), 11–33.Koski, G. (2014, November 11). How Pinocchio set the standard for feature animation. The Dissolve. Retrieved fromhttps://thedissolve.com/features/movie-of-the-week/815-how-pinocchio-set-the-standard-for-feature-animati/Maltin, Leonard. (2000). The Disney Films. Disney Editions.Miller, D.D. & Martin, P. (1956). My Dad, Walt Disney: Part 6 “Disney’s Folly.” Saturday Evening Post, 229(20). Retrieved from http://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/wp-content/uploads/satevepost/Disneys-Folly1.pdfPak, E. (2019). Walt Disney’s rocky road to success. Retrieved from https://www.biography.com/news/walt-disney-failuresPinocchio (1940 Film). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20200207091436/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinocchio_(1940_film)Robinson, T. & Rabin, N. (2014, November 11). Pinocchio’s Dark Horror－and Darker Source Material. The Dissolve. Retrieved from https://thedissolve.com/features/movie-of-the-week/816-pinocchios-dark-horrorand-darker-source-material/Sharpsteen, B., & Luske, H. (Directors). (1940). Pinocchio [Film]. Walt Disney Productions. Solomon, C. (1989). Enchanted drawings: The history of animation. Alfred A. Knopf.Susman, G. Disney's 'Pinocchio': 25 Things You Didn't Know About the Animated Classic.  Moviefone. Retrieved from https://www.moviefone.com/2015/02/07/disney-pinocchio-facts/The Adventures of Pinocchio. In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20200106070844/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Pinocchio

Episode SummaryErin and Rachel review Disney’s Fantasia (1940) segment by segment and discuss the film’s repeated racist, female objectifying, and fatphobic imagery. But the music and unicorns are pretty! Maybe there’s a reason Disney likes to focus on Sorcerer Mickey when they talk about this film...Episode BibliographyArmstrong, S., Algar, J., Roberts, B., Satterfield, P., Sharpsteen, B., Hand, D.D., Luske, H., Handley, J., Beebe, F., Hee, T., Ferguson, N., & Jackson, W. (Directors). (1940). Fantasia [Film]. Walt Disney Productions.  Clague, M. (2004). Playing in ‘toon: Walt Disney’s Fantasia (1940) and the imagineering of classical music. American Music, 22(1), 91-109.Daly, S. (November 29, 1991). Changes in the restored version of “Fantasia.” Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved from https://ew.com/article/1991/11/29/changes-restored-version-fantasia/Dotsey, C. (December 26, 2017). The Making of Fantasia: Disney’s Masterpiece. Houston Symphony. Retrieved from  https://houstonsymphony.org/disney-fantasia/Fantasia (1940 film). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20200405220323/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantasia_(1940_film)Gabler, J. (October 5, 2015). 'Rite of Spring': A classic 'Fantasia' segment, whether Stravinsky liked it or not. Classical Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved from https://www.classicalmpr.org/story/2015/10/05/rite-spring-fantasiaGabler, N. (November 2015). Disney’s “Fantasia” Was Initially a Critical and Box-Office Failure. Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved from https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/disney-fantasia-critical-box-office-failure-180956963/[Official Business]. (February 22, 2019). Fantasia (1940) Sunflower comparison BEST QUALITY [Video]. Youtube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DeE-yaev7bMSergeant, D. C., & Himonides, E. (2019). Ochestrated sex: The representation of male and female musicians in world-class symphony orchestras. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1-18.

Episode SummaryErin and Rachel unpack Disney’s pachyderm-focused 1941 film, Dumbo. This beloved classic helped Walt Disney Studios recover financially from previous box office busts and an animator strike. Despite being the shortest Disney animated film at only 64 minutes, there’s no shortage of racism, sexism, or horrifying elephant-based hallucinations. Episode BibliographyAndrews, T. (2019, March 29). The original ‘Dumbo’ was decried as racist. Here’s how Tim Burton’s version addresses that. The Washington Post.https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2019/03/29/original-dumbo-was-decried-racist-heres-how-tim-burtons-version-addresses-that/Booker, M. K. (2010). Disney, Pixar, and the hidden messages of children's films. Praeger. Davis, J. M. (2002). The circus age: Culture and society under the American big top. University of North Carolina Press. Dumbo. Wikipedia.https://web.archive.org/web/20200420212521/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DumboGullickson, B. (2019, April 1). ‘Dumbo’ Began Life As A Failed Novelty Concept. Film School Rejects. https://filmschoolrejects.com/dumbo-history/Kirst, S. (March 22, 2019). The tale behind Dumbo, from Dick Case: How the little elephant took off in Syracuse. Syracuse.com. https://www.syracuse.com/kirst/2015/10/the_tale_of_dumbo_from_dick_case_the_little_elephant_took_off_in_syracuse.htmlLPA issues statement to abolish the “m” word. (2015, September). Little People of America.  https://www.lpaonline.org/the-m-wordLongworth, K. [Host]. (2015, March 31). 39: Star Wars Episode XIII: Walt Disney (39) [Audio  Podcast Episode]. In You Must Remember This. Stitcher. https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/stitcher/you-must-remember-this/e/45778139Longworth, K. [Host]. (2019, Oct. 21). 146: Disney’s Most Controversial Film (Six Degrees of Song of the South, Episode 1) (146) [Audio Podcast Episode]. In You Must Remember This. Stitcher. https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/stitcher/you-must-remember-this/e/64754971Mettler, K. (May 2, 2016). After 145 years, Ringling Bros. Circus elephants perform for the last time. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/05/02/after-145-years-ringling-bros-circus-elephants-perform-for-the-last-time/Norman, F. (n.d.). Black crows and other PC nonsense. Mr. Fun’s Journal. https://floydnormancom.squarespace.com/blog/2019/4/27/black-crows-and-other-pc-nonsenseSharpsteen, B. (Director). (1941). Dumbo [Film]. Walt Disney Productions.  

Episode Summary:Hear how “twitterpated” Erin and Rachel both are with Bambi (1942), the delightful classic that chronicles the lives of forest creatures with a heavy-handed conservationist agenda. Widely panned by critics following its initial release, this is the first time the grade Erin assigned on behalf of 1942 viewers is lower than the grade Rachel assigned based on a current day perspective! Episode Bibliography:Bálint, E. (2013). The representation of women in Walt Disney’s productions in the studio era. Americana, 9(2), 8-8.Bambi. Wikipedia. https://web.archive.org/web/20200515132816/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BambiBambi, a Life in the Woods. Wikipedia. https://web.archive.org/web/20200515023159/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bambi,_a_Life_in_the_WoodsBrooks, K. (2017). Tyrus Wong, the ‘Bambi’ artists who endured America’s racism, gets his due. Chinese American Forum, 33(2), 32-33.Cartmill, M. (1993). The Bambi syndrome. Natural History, 102(6), 6-11.Dudley, S. (2018). The Making of Bambi: A Prince is Born (Full Documentary). Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmCiuNotEwUHand, D. (Director). (1942). Bambi [Film]. Walt Disney Productions. King, M. (1996). The audience in the wilderness. Journal of Popular Film & Television, 96(24), 60-69.Ross, M. (2012). The Biology of Bachelor Groups. Quality Deer Management Association. https://www.qdma.com/biology-bachelor-groups/Salten, F. (1923). Bambi: A life in the woods. Ullstein Verlag.Taylor, D. E. (2000). The rise of the environmental justice paradigm: Injustice framing and the social construction of environmental discourses. American Behavioral Scientists, 43(4), 508-580.Whitley, D. (2012). The idea of nature in Disney animation: From Snow White to WALL-E (2nd ed.). Ashgate.Wills, J. (2011). Bambi. https://www.loc.gov/static/programs/national-film-preservation-board/documents/bambi.pdf

Episode Summary:As unofficial ambassador of Franklin Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor approach to foreign policy, Walt Disney traveled to South America on a so-called “goodwill tour,” the results of which were Saludos Amigos (1942) and The Three Caballeros (1944). Join Erin and Rachel for this special double episode as they unpack the political and cultural influence of these lesser known “package” films. Episode Bibliography:Adams, D. (2007). Saludos Amigos: Hollywood and FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy. Quarterly Review of Film and Video, 24(3), 289-295. Ferguson, N., Geronimi, C., Kinney, J., & Roberts, B. (Directors). (1944). The Three Caballeros [Film]. Walt Disney Productions.Ferguson, N., Jackson, W., Kinney, J., Luske, H., & Roberts, B. (Directors). (1942). Saludos Amigos [Film]. Walt Disney Productions.Gluck, K. (2016). Walt and the Goodwill Tour. The Walt Disney Family Museum Blog. https://www.waltdisney.org/blog/walt-and-goodwill-tourGoldman, K. S. (2014). Saludos Amigos and The Three Caballeros: The representation of Latin American in Disney’s “Good Neighbor” films.  In J. Cheu (Ed.), Diversity in Disney films: Critical essays on race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality and disability (pp. 23-37). McFarland & Company.Good Neighbor Policy. Wikipedia. https://web.archive.org/web/20200430054658/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Neighbor_policyGrowther, B. (1943). The Screen; ‘Saludos Amigos,’ a Musical Fantasy Based on the South American Tour Made by Walt Disney, Arrives at the Globe. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1943/02/13/archives/the-screen-saludos-amigos-a-musical-fantasy-based-on-the-south.htmlMinster, C. (2020). The history of Latin America in the Colonial Era." ThoughtCo. Retrieved from thoughtco.com/introduction-to-the-colonial-era-2136329.Nelson, A. K. (2017). José, Joe, Zé Carioca: Walt Disney’s Good Neighbor colonial “monument” in Brazil (Publication No. 6246) [Master’s thesis, Brigham Young University]. All Theses and Dissertations. Ness, M. (2016). An Aggressive Escape from Reality: The Three Caballeros. Tor.com. https://www.tor.com/2016/08/11/an-aggressive-escape-from-reality-the-three-caballeros/Ness, M. (2016). Donald Duck’s Goodwill Tour: Saludos Amigos. Tor.com. https://www.tor.com/2016/08/04/donald-ducks-goodwill-tour-saludos-amigos/Riddle, S. (2020). Steve’s Wonderful Review of Disney: The Three Caballeros. Place to be Nation. http://placetobenation.com/steves-wonderful-reviews-of-disney-the-three-caballeros/Saludos Amigos. Wikipedia. https://web.archive.org/web/20200519042935/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saludos_AmigosSaludos Amigos Holds its World Premiere in Rio de Janeiro. (1942). D23. https://d23.com/this-day/saludos-amigos-holds-its-world-premiere-in-rio-de-janeiro/Telotte, J. P. (2007). Crossing borders and opening boxes: Disney and hybrid animation. Quarterly Review of Film and Video, 24(2), 107-116. The Three Caballeros. Wikipedia.https://web.archive.org/web/20200519042905/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Three_CaballerosVictory Through Air Power (film). Wikipedia. https://web.archive.org/web/20200410094036/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victory_Through_Air_Power_(film)

Episode Summary: In this bonus episode, Erin and Rachel unpack The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949), and debate which is the most frightening: the Headless Horseman of Sleepy Hollow, Mr. Toad’s untreated mental illness, or the complete lack of female and BIPOC representation in this film.Episode Bibliography:Burton, N. (2012). A short history of bipolar disorder. Psychology Today. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/hide-and-seek/201206/short-history-bipolar-disorderConradt, Stacy. (2016). 11 Hair-Raising Facts About Disney's The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. Mental Floss. Retrieved from https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/87938/11-hair-raising-facts-about-disneys-legend-sleepy-hollowCox, C., & Marland, H. (2018). “We are recreating Bedlam”: A history of mental illness and prison systems in England and Ireland. In A. Mills & K. Kendall (Eds.), Mental health in prisons: Critical perspectives on treatment and confinement. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539382/Daigrepont, L. M. (1984). Ichabod Crane: Inglorious man of letters. Early American Literature, 19, 69-81.Grahame, K. (1908). The Wind in the Willows. Methuen.Grob, G. N. (1977). Rediscovering asylums: The unhistorical history of the mental hospital. The Hastings Center Report, 7(4), 33-41. Johnson, D. (2014). Classic No. 11 The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949). The Disney Odyssey. Retrieved from https://thedisneyodyssey.wordpress.com/2014/01/13/classic-no-11-the-adventures-of-ichabod-and-mr-toad-1949/Kinney, J., Geronimi, C., & Algar, J. (Directors). (1949). The adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad [Film]. Walt Disney Productions. Irving, W. (2008). The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved from https://www.gutenberg.org/files/41/41-h/41-h.htm. Irving, W. (1996). The sketch-book of Geoffrey Crayon, gent. Oxford University Press. The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad. Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20200611214531/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Ichabod_and_Mr._Toad

Episode SummaryDisney’s Cinderella thrilled Erin and Rachel almost as much as it thrilled 1950 audiences, with “almost” being the operative word. The co-hosts revisit their favorite topics of gender roles and colonization, while also debating what, exactly, dreams are made of for the second Disney princess. Episode BibliographyBeauchamp, F. (2010). Asian origins of Cinderella: The Zhuang storyteller of Guangxi. Oral Tradition, 25(2), 447-496.Cinderella. (2020, June 20). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CinderellaCinderella (1950 fim). (2020, June 25) In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20200619065636/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinderella_(1950_film)England, D. E., Descartes, L., Collier-Meek, M. A. (2011). Gender role portrayal and the Disney princesses. Sex Roles, 64, 555-567. Geronimi, C., Luske, H., & Jackson, W. (Directors). (1950). Cinderella [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.Giaimo, C. (2017, June 14). The ATU Fable Index: Like the Dewey Decimal System, But With More Ogres. Atlas Obscura. Retrieved from https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/aarne-thompson-uther-tale-type-index-fables-fairy-talesHiggs, S. (2016). Damsels in development: Representation, transition, and the Disney princess. Screen Education, 83, 62-69. Hovdestad, W. E., Hubka, D., & Tonmyr, L. (2009). Unwanted personal contact and risky situations in ten Disney animated feature films. Child Abuse Review, 18, 111-126. Huggins, N. I. (1971). Harlem renaissance. Oxford University Press. Mahar, W. J. (1985). Black English in early Blackface minstrelsy: A new interpretation of the sources of minstrel show dialect. American Quarterly, 37(2), 260-285.Maurice Rapf. (2020, June 25). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20190118074308/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Rapf Rosalind Sibielski (2019) Reviving Cinderella: Contested Feminism and Conflicting Models of Female Empowerment in 21st-Century Film and Television Adaptations of “Cinderella”, Quarterly Review of Film and Video, 36:7, 584-610Tennant, A. (Director). (1998). Ever After: A Cinderella Story [Film]. Twentieth Century Fox Films. Tóth, Z. A. (2017). Disney’s violent women: In quest of a ‘fully real’ violent woman in American cinema. Brno Studies in English, 43(1), 185-212.Wood, N. (1996). Domesticating dreams in Walt Disney’s Cinderella. The Lion and the Unicorn, 20 (1), 25-43. doi:10.1353/uni.1996.0003.

Episode SummaryErin and Rachel don’t have time for nonsense, and neither did 1951 audiences when Alice in Wonderland flopped at the box office. Thankfully, marijuana-fueled college students in the 1960s had all the time in the world for a trip down the rabbit hole, thus solidifying a permanent place in popular culture for Alice in Wonderland, a film surprisingly devoid of racist or sexist content compared to its predecessors. Episode BibliographyAikens, K. (2010). How wanderer Alice became warrior Alice, and why. Bitch Magazine, 48, 27-31. Alice Comedies. (2020, June 21). In Wikipedia. https://web.archive.org/web/20200621023616/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_ComediesAlice in Wonderland (1951 film). (2020, June 23). In Wikipedia. https://web.archive.org/web/20200723202243/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1951_film)Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. (2020, June 23). In Wikipedia. https://web.archive.org/web/20200723210149/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice's_Adventures_in_WonderlandAuerbach, N. (1973). Alice and Wonderland: A curious child. Victorian Studies, 17(1), 31-47.Crowther, B. (1951, July 30). Disney's cartoon adaptation of 'Alice in Wonderland' arrives at Criterion. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1951/07/30/archives/the-screen-in-review-disneys-cartoon-adaptation-of-alice-in.htmlGass, Z. (2020, February 16). Alice in Wonderland: 10 major differences between the book & the Disney cartoon movie. Screen Rant. https://screenrant.com/alice-in-wonderland-major-differences-lewis-carrol-book-disney-movie/Geronimi, C., Jackson, W., & Luske, H. (Directors). (1951). Alice in Wonderland [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.Heslin, D. (2018, March). Forgotten Dreams: The Tumultuous Life of Lou Bunin’s Alice in Wonderland (1949). Senses of Cinema, 86. http://sensesofcinema.com/2018/alice-in-wonderland/lou-bunins-alice-wonderland/Hovdestad, W. E., Hubka, D., & Tonmyr, L. (2009). Unwanted personal contact and risky situations in ten Disney animated feature films. Child Abuse Review, 18, 111-126. Lawson, A., & Fout, G. (2004). Mental illness in Disney animated films. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49, 310-314.Maltin, L. (1973). The Disney Films. Crown.Why Was “Alice in Wonderland” Poorly Received by Audiences in 1951? (2020). The Take. https://the-take.com/watch/why-was-alice-in-wonderland-poorly-received-by-audiences-in-1951Through the Looking-Glass. (2020, June 16). In Wikipedia. https://web.archive.org/web/20200616145131/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Through_the_Looking-GlassWalt Disney Productions (inc.) et al. v. Souvaine Selective Pictures, Inc. et al, 192 F.2d 856 (2d Cir. 1951). Retrieved from https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/192/856/210865/

Episode SummaryErin and Rachel have A LOT of thoughts (just under two hours worth) about Peter Pan (1953), a film so full of racism and sexism, they’re left scratching their heads about why this Disney classic is so beloved. Join the hosts as they unpack all the different ways this movie is offensive toward indigenous people, women, and even people with disabilities! Episode BibliographyBoyd, J. (2015). An examination of Native Americans in film and rise of Native filmmakers. The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 6(1), 105-113. https://www.elon.edu/docs/e-web/academics/communications/research/vol6no1/10BoydEJSpring15.pdfGeronimi, C., Jackson, W., & Luske, H. (Directors). (1953). Peter Pan [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.Great Ormond Street Hospital. (n.d.). The history of Peter Pan and GOSH. https://www.gosh.org/about-us/peter-pan/historyGrady, C. (2017, July 27). How the fantasy of Peter Pan turned sinister. Vox. https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/7/27/16021572/peter-pan-became-evil-jm-barrie-llewelyn-daviesHooten, C. (2015, August 27). Please stop calling it the Bechdel Test, says Alison Bechdel. Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/please-stop-calling-it-the-bechdel-test-says-alison-bechdel-10474730.htmlJoo-Young, Rognlie. (2012, November 6). Copyrights in Neverland. Harvard Journal of Sports and Entertainment Law. Retrieved from https://harvardjsel.com/2012/11/copyrights-in-neverland/Kavey, A. B. (2008). “I do believe in fairies, I do, I do”: The history and epistemology of Peter Pan. In A. B. Kavey & L. D. Friedman, (Eds.), Second star to the right: Peter Pan in the popular imagination (pp. 75-104). Rutgers University Press. Lane, A. (2004, November 15). Why J. M. Barrie created Peter Pan. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2004/11/22/lost-boysLaskow, S. (2014, December 2). The Racist History of Peter Pan’s Indian Tribe. Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/racist-history-peter-pan-indian-tribe-180953500/Mohamed, Z. (2019, December 15). Indigenous representation in media. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/34bdcbb62ba04aa2a63a2bdc1e8accabMoss, C. (2014, December 4). The surprisingly morbid origins of Peter Pan. The Week. https://theweek.com/articles/441765/surprisingly-morbid-origins-peter-pan#:~:text=Peter%20Pan%20originally%20debuted%20as,Who%20Wouldn't%20Grow%20Up.National Congress of American Indians. (2017). Misappropriation of Native Identity in Film & Television. http://www.ncai.org/resources/resolutions/misappropriation-of-native-identity-in-film-televisionOhmer, S. (2008). Disney’s Peter Pan: Gender, fantasy, and industrial production. In A. B. Kavey & L. D. Friedman, (Eds.), Second star to the right: Peter Pan in the popular imagination (pp. 151-186). Rutgers University Press. Parasher, P. (2013). Mapping the imaginary: The Neverland of Disney Indians. In J. Cheu (Ed.), Diversity in Disney films: Critical essays on race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality and disability (pp. 38-49). McFarland & Company, Inc.  Peter Pan (1953 Film). (2020, August 5). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20200804192746/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Pan_(1953_film)

Episode SummaryJoin Erin and Rachel as they examine the surprising amount of ethnocentrism and classism imbued in the 1955 classic Lady and the Tramp. Walt Disney Studios did its part to promote the myth of the American melting pot while also cautioning audiences about the "yellow peril," memorably embodied by the infamous Siamese cats who disrupt Lady's idyllic Victorian home life. Episode BibliographyAkita, K., & Kenney, R. (2013). A “vexing implication”: Siamese cats and Orientalist mischief-making. In J. Cheu (Ed.), Diversity in Disney films: Critical essays on race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality and disability (pp. 38-49). McFarland & Company, Inc.  Axinn, J. & Levin, H. (1975). Social welfare: A history of American response to need. Harper & Row.Cavendish, R. (2014) Siam Becomes Thailand. History Today, 64 (2).https://www.historytoday.com/archive/siam-becomes-thailandChang and Eng Bunker. (2020, August 23). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_and_Eng_BunkerGeronimi, C., Jackson, W., & Luske, H. (Directors). (1955). Lady and the Tramp [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.Goldmark, D., & McKnight, U. (2008) Locating America: Revisiting Disney's Lady and the Tramp. Social Identities, 14(1), 101-120, DOI: 10.1080/13504630701848705Greene, W. (1945). Happy Dan: The cynical dog. Cosmopolitan. 118(2): 19-21.Greene, W. (1953). Lady and the Tramp: The story of two dogs. Simon. Lady and the Tramp. (2020, August 23). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_and_the_TrampMa, S. (2003).  Rodgers and Hammerstein's “Chopsticks' musicals.” Literature/Film Quarterly, 31(1), 17–26.Ness, M. (2016, September 8). The First True Disney Romance: Lady and the Tramp. Tor.com.https://www.tor.com/2016/09/08/the-first-true-disney-romance-lady-and-the-tramp/Rabuy, B., & Kopf, D. (2015, July 9). Prisons of poverty: Uncovering the pre-incarceration incomes of the imprisoned. Prison Policy Initiative. https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/income.htmlSiede, C. (2015, August 3). Lady And The Tramp is Walt Disney’s most grown-up film. AV Club.https://film.avclub.com/lady-and-the-tramp-is-walt-disney-s-most-grown-up-film-1798282631Smith, D. M.  (2012) The American melting pot: A national myth in public and popular discourse. National Identities, 14(4), 387-402, DOI: 10.1080/14608944.2012.732054 Spector, A. J. (1998). Disney does diversity: The social context of racial-ethnic imagery. In  (Y. R. Kamalipour & T. Carilli, (Eds.), Cultural Diversity in the U.S. Media (pp. 39-50). SUNY Press.Waters, M. C., & Jiménez, T. R. (2005). Assessing immigrant assimilation: New empirical and theoretical challenges. Annual Review of Sociology, 31, 105-125.

Episode SummaryCan a film with a female protagonist who sleeps more than anything else be considered “feminist”? Erin and Rachel wrestle with this question and more as they discuss Sleeping Beauty (1959), Disney’s third and final princess film until the Disney Renaissance thirty years later. Episode BibliographyButler, L. (2014, November 6). How Sleeping Beauty is Accidentally the Most Feminist Animated Movie Disney Ever Made. Tor.com. https://www.tor.com/2014/11/06/how-sleeping-beauty-is-accidentally-the-most-feminist-animated-movie-disney-ever-made-and-how-maleficent-proves-it/[CKprimeval07]. (2013, July 16). The Making of Sleeping Beauty. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HzjJ_XiLLyICrowther, B. (1959, February 18). Screen: ‘Sleeping Beauty’. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1959/02/18/archives/screen-sleeping-beauty.htmlDastagir, A. E. (2018, March 21). A feminist glossary because we didn’t all major in gender studies. USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/03/16/feminism-glossary-lexicon-language/99120600/Derr, H. L. (2013, November 13). What really makes a film feminist? The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/11/what-really-makes-a-film-feminist/281402/Do Rozario, R. C. (2004). The princess and the magic kingdom: Beyond nostalgia, the function of the Disney princess. Women’s Studies in Communication, 27(1), 34-59.England, D. E., Descartes, L., Collier-Meek, M. A. (2011). Gender role portrayal and the Disney princesses. Sex Roles, 64, 555-567. Geronimi, C. (Director). (1959). Sleeping Beauty [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.Hovdestad, W. E., Hubka, D., & Tonmyr, L. (2009). Unwanted personal contact and risky situations in ten Disney animated feature films. Child Abuse Review, 18, 111-126. Murray, N. (2014, October 6). Sleeping Beauty. The Dissolve.https://thedissolve.com/reviews/1118-sleeping-beauty/Ness, M. (2015, July 9). The Last of the Classic Disney Greats: Sleeping Beauty. Tor.com.https://www.tor.com/2015/07/09/the-last-of-the-classic-disney-greats-sleeping-beauty/Ness, M (2015, July 23). The Advent of Xerography: Disney’s One Hundred and One Dalmatians. Tor.com. https://www.tor.com/2015/07/23/the-advent-of-xerography-disneys-one-hundred-and-one-dalmatians/“Sleeping Beauty”. (1959, January 31). Harrison’s Reports, 41 (5), 18. https://archive.org/stream/harrisonsreports41harr#page/n21/mode/2up"Sleeping Beauty". Harrison's Reports. Vol. 41 no. 5. January 31, 1959. p. 18. Retrieved February 22, 2020 – via Internet Archive.Sleeping Beauty (1959 film). (2020, September 8). In Wikipedia.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeping_Beauty_(1959_film)Tóth, Z. A. (2017). Disney’s violent women: In quest of a ‘fully real’ violent woman in American cinema. Brno Studies in English, 43(1), 185-212.

Episode SummaryLike a Dalmatian’s coat is sprinkled with spots, Disney’s 1961 One Hundred and One Dalmatians has bits of sexism, racism, classism, and fatphobia sprinkled throughout. However, those questionable moments weren’t enough to sour Erin and Rachel on what is overall a heartwarming and visually interesting film. Oh, and did we mention how cute the puppies are? Episode Bibliography[Ciné-DOCS]. (2019, April 12). Sincerely Yours, Walt Disney (One Hundred and One Dalmatians Behind the Scenes). Youtube. Retrieved October 6, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDg5WtLIYLM[CKprimeval07]. (2013, January 16). The Making of 101 Dalmatians. Youtube. Retrieved October 6, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nYj3v9F97i8Dudley, S. (2020, June 19). Lucky Dogs: A Making of 101 Dalmatians. Youtube. Retrieved October 9, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8k78RHAwczQGeronimi, C., Luske, H., & Reitherman, W. (Directors). (1961). One Hundred and One Dalmatians [Film]. Walt Disney Productions.Imelda, W. (1999). "A Doggy Fairy Tale' The Film Metamorphoses of The Hundred and One Dalmatians. In Adaptations: From Text to Screen, Screen to Text (pp. 214-223). Routledge. https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/JmiTX2dNWM8C?hl=en&gbpv=0Ness, M. (2015, July 16). Introducing Cruella de Vil: The Hundred and One Dalmatians. Tor.com. Retrieved October 7, 2020, from https://www.tor.com/2015/07/16/introducing-cruella-de-vil-the-one-hundred-and-one-dalmatians/Ness, M. (2015, July 23). The Advent of Xerography: Disney’s One Hundred and One Dalmatians. Tor.com. Retrieved October 7, 2020, from https://www.tor.com/2015/07/23/the-advent-of-xerography-disneys-one-hundred-and-one-dalmatians/Nickels, S. (2011, December 1). Animated children’s films: 101 Dalmatians! Bitch Flicks. http://www.btchflcks.com/2011/12/animated-childrens-films-101-dalmatians.html#.X2Y7D2hKiUkOne Hundred and One Dalmatians. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved October 6, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Hundred_and_One_Dalmatians#cite_note-45Rosenfield, K. (2017, June 17). Things about 101 Dalmatians you only notice as an adult. Looper. https://www.looper.com/70812/things-101-dalmatians-notice-adult/Smith, D. (1957). The hundred and one dalmatians. Heinemann. Steinmetz, C. (2005). 101 Dalmatians and breed popularity in the U.S. Dalmatian Club of America. https://www.thedca.org/Historical/101BreedPopularity.pdfThompson, H. (1961, February 11). Disney Film on Dogs. The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/1961/02/11/archives/disney-film-on-dogs.html.

Episode SummaryJourney back to the Middle Ages for a discussion of The Sword in the Stone (1963), a film beset with sexism and classism befitting its medieval setting. The last fully animated film before Walt Disney’s death in 1966, this story of Arthurian legend leaves a lot to be desired in terms of plot and songwriting as well. Erin and Rachel try to make up for the latter with some singing of their own, and for that, they sincerely apologize. Episode BibliographyGriffin, M., Harding, N., & Learmonth, M. (2017). Whistle while you work? Disney animation, organizational readiness and gendered subjugation. Organization Studies, 38(7), 869-894. Hovdestad, W. E., Hubka, D., & Tonmyr, L. (2009). Unwanted personal contact and risky situations in ten Disney animated feature films. Child Abuse Review, 18, 111-126. Lawson, A., & Fouts, G. (2004). Mental illness in Disney animated films. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(5), 310-314. Ness, M. (2015, August 6). In Need of a Villain: Disney's The Sword in the Stone. Tor.com. Retrieved October 14, 2020, from https://www.tor.com/2015/08/06/in-need-of-a-villain-disneys-the-sword-in-the-stone/Pugh, T., & Aronstein, S. (Eds.). (2012).  The Disney middle ages: A fairy tale and fantasy past. Palgrave.[redmorgankidd]. (2014, January 2). Music Magic: The Sherman Brothers. Youtube. Retrieved October 21, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ZDV8bQdga8Reitherman, W. (Directors). (1963). The Sword in the Stone [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.Robinson, T., Callister, M., Magoffin, D., & Moore, J. (2007). The portrayal of older characters in Disney animated films. Journal of Aging Studies, 21, 203-213. Stock, L.K. (2015). Reinventing an iconic Arthurian moment: The sword in the stone in films and television. Arthuriana, 25(4), 66-83. The Sword in the Stone (1963 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved October 18, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sword_in_the_Stone_(1963_film)Torlina, J. (2011). Working class: Challenging myths about blue-collar labor. Lynne Rienner Publishers. Torregrossa, M. (1999). Merlin goes to the movies: The changing role of Merlin in Cinema Arthuriana. Film & History, 29(3-4), 54-65.Variety Staff. (1962, December 31). The Sword in the Stone. Variety. Retrieved October 13, 2020, from https://variety.com/1962/film/reviews/the-sword-in-the-stone-1200420275/Was King Arthur a real person? (2018, August 29). History.com. Retrieved October 22, 2020, from https://www.history.com/news/was-king-arthur-a-real-personWeir, M. (2002). The American middle class and the politics of education.  In O. Zunz, L. Schoppa, & N. Hiwatari (Eds.), Social contracts under stress: The middle classes of America, Europe, and Japan at the turn of the century (pp. 178-203). Russell Sage Foundation. Zurcher, J. D., Brubaker, P. J., Webb, S.M., & Robinson, T. (2020). Parental roles in “The Circle of Life”: Representations of parents and parenting in Disney animated films from 1937 to 2017. Mass Communication and Society, 23, 128-150. 

Episode SummaryErin and Rachel discuss the classic hybrid film, Mary Poppins. Although Julie Andrews’ famous nanny may be “practically perfect in every way,” the co-hosts find plenty of flaws in the 1964 film’s messaging on family values, gender roles, and classism. Episode BibliographyCoate, M. (2014, August 27). Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious: Remembering “Mary Poppins” on its 50th anniversary. The Digital Bits. http://thedigitalbits.com/columns/history-legacy--showmanship/mary-poppins-50th-annivDudley, S. (2018, December 14). Making of Mary Poppins (2004 Full). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtYJlmdn48UFlanagan, C. (2005, December 12). Becoming Mary Poppins: P. L. Travers, Walt Disney, and the making of a myth. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2005/12/19/becoming-mary-poppins?currentPage=allGillis, M. J., & Jacobs, A. T. (2017). History of women’s activism in the United States: Struggles and solidarities. In M. J. Gillis & A. T. Jacobs (Eds.), Introduction to Women’s and Gender Studies (pp 317-351). Oxford University Press. Lawson, V. (2005). Mary Poppins, she wrote: The life of P. L. Travers. Simon & Schuster.Mary Poppins (film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Poppins_(film)Nel, P. (2019). Was the Cat in the Hat Black? Oxford University Press. Ness, M. (2014, April 3). A spoonful of music makes the nanny: Disney’s Mary Poppins. Tor.com. https://www.tor.com/2014/04/03/a-spoonful-of-music-makes-the-nanny-disneys-mary-poppins/Nym Mayhall, L. E. (1999). Domesticating Emmeline: Representing the suffragette, 1930-1993. National Women's Studies Association Journal, 11(2), 1-24. Robb, S. (2008, July 21). How not to do an American accent. BBC News Magazine. Retrieved November 13, 2020, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7509572.stmStevenson, R. (Director). (1964). Mary Poppins [Film]. Walt Disney Productions. Szumsky, B. E. (2000). “All that is solid melts into the air”: The winds of change and other analogues of colonialism in Disney’s Mary Poppins. The Lion and the Unicorn, 24(1), 97-109. Travers, P. L. (1934). Mary Poppins. Harper Collins. 

Episode SummaryJoin Erin and Rachel as they journey to the jungles of India to discuss the 1967 classic, The Jungle Book. Based on the book by Rudyard Kipling, a champion of British Imperialism, the film demonstrates more implicit racism and sexism than colonialist themes. Episode BibliographyBiography.com Editors. (2019, October 21). Rudyard Kipling biography. Biography. https://www.biography.com/writer/rudyard-kiplingCash, D. (2013, October 7). How to adapt The Jungle Book (and not make it racist). The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/10/how-to-adapt-em-the-jungle-book-em-and-not-make-it-racist/280292/Dean, G. (2020, October 19). Disney Plus now warns viewers of racist stereotypes in older films, including ‘Peter Pan,’ ‘Dumbo,’ and ‘The Jungle Book’. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/disney-plus-racism-stereotypes-warning-peter-pan-dumbo-aladdin-2020-10Disney 'Jungle Book' Arrives Just in Time. (1967, December 23). The New York Times. Retrieved November 30, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/1967/12/23/archives/disney-jungle-book-arrives-just-in-time.htmlIgnacia, C. (2016, December 16). Walt Disney's The Jungle Book: The Making of a Musical Masterpiece (1997). YouTube. Retrieved December 1, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TeWtAgVkOQcThe Jungle Book. (n.d.). The Disney Wiki. Retrieved December 6, 2020, from https://disney.fandom.com/wiki/The_Jungle_BookThe Jungle Book (1967 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved December 1, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jungle_Book_(1967_film)#Kipling, R. (1894). The Jungle Book. Macmillan. Kipling, R. (1899). The white man’s burden: The United States and the Phillipine Islands. https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/mod/kipling.aspLark, M. (2016, March 31). Floyd Norman’s 9 Wild Stories From the Making of The Jungle Book (1967). D23. Retrieved December 1, 2020, from https://d23.com/floyd-normans-9-wild-stories-from-the-making-of-the-jungle-book-1967/Louis Prima. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved December 3, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_PrimaMetcalf, G. (1991). "It's A Jungle Book Out There, Kid!": The Sixties in Walt Disney's "The Jungle Book". Studies in Popular Culture, 14(1), 85-97. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23413919Ness, M. (2015, August 20). Walt Disney Supervises His Last Film: The Jungle Book. Tor.com. Retrieved December 3, 2020, from https://www.tor.com/2015/08/20/walt-disney-supervises-his-last-film-the-jungle-book/Packer, M. (2016, April 11). How Walt Disney brought The Jungle Book to the big screen. Little White Lies. Retrieved December 1, 2020, from https://lwlies.com/articles/the-jungle-book-walt-disney-flloyd-norman/Reitherman, W. (Director). (1967). The Jungle Book [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.Roxborough, S. (2016, April 22). Why Disney's Original 'Jungle Book' Is Germany's Biggest Film of All Time. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 1, 2020, from https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/germany-original-jungle-book-biggest-885953“The White Man’s Burden”: Kipling’s Hymn to U.S. Imperialism. (n.d.). History Matters. Retrieved December 6, 2020, from http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5478/Whitley, D. (2012). The idea of nature in Disney animation: From Snow White to WALL-E (2nd ed.) . Ashgate.

Episode SummaryReleased three years after Walt Disney’s death, the 1970 animated film The AristoCats (yes, the “C” is capitalized!) marked the beginning of a new era for Walt Disney Animation Studios. Join Erin and Rachel as they discuss the tough questions such as, does everybody want to be a cat? Episode BibliographyThe Aristocats. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved December 22, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_AristocatsThe Aristocats. (2008, January 11). Disney Archives. Retrieved December 27, 2020, from https://web.archive.org/web/20080111034150/http://disney.go.com/vault/archives/movies/aristocats/aristocats.htmlBruers, B. (2016, June 10). The Sherman Brothers about Walt Disney and Maurice Cheavlier (the making of the Aristocats). YouTube. Retrieved December 20, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eb09DeUxYRYEbert, R. (1971, January 1). The Aristocats. rogerebert.com. Retrieved December 27, 2020, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-aristocats-1971Geoghegan, T. (2012, April 2). Who, what, why: Why do we know Timbuktu? BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17583772Hector Berlioz. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved December 30, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hector_BerliozHenri de Toulouse-Lautrec. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved December 30, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-LautrecHill, J. (2012, August 21). Would Walt's version of "The Aristocats" have been a bigger hit for Disney Studios? Jim Hill Media. Retrieved 12 27, 2020, from http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2012/08/21/would-walt-s-version-of-quot-the-aristocats-quot-have-been-a-bigger-hit-for-disney-studios.aspx#sthash.vb0zEDZT.dpufMarie. (n.d.). The Disney Wiki. Retrieved December 30, 2020, from https://disney.fandom.com/wiki/Marie#TriviaMoja, B. (2018). The Aristocats (1970). In The Encyclopedia of Racism in American Films (pp. 29-30). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Encyclopedia_of_Racism_in_American_F/c0NRDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=aristocatsNess, M. (2016, September 15). Everybody Wants To Be a Cat: Disney’s The Aristocats. Tor.com. Retrieved December 29, 2020, from https://www.tor.com/2016/09/15/everybody-wants-to-be-a-cat-disneys-the-aristocats/Randall, S. (2017, March 4). Feminisney: “The Jungle Book” and “The AristoCats”. CineNation. Retrieved December 27, 2020, from https://medium.com/cinenation-show/feminisney-the-jungle-book-and-the-aristocats-b59eacaf7d92#:~:text=But%20the%20title%20sequence%20clearly,an%20elderly%20French%20aristocratic%20lady.Reitherman, W. (Director). (1970). The AristoCats [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.Sampson, W. (2009, December 23). The Secret Origin of the Aristocats. Mouse Planet. Retrieved December 27, 2020, from https://www.mouseplanet.com/9084/The_Secret_Origin_of_the_AristocatsThomas, B. (1970, December 9). 'Aristocats' Has Disney Touch. Kentucky New Era, 12.Thompson, H. (1970, December 26). 'The Aristocats,' Warm Animated cartoon by Disney, Opens. The New York Times. Retrieved December 27, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/1970/12/26/archives/the-aristocats-warm-animated-cartoon-by-disney-opens.htmlVariety Staff. (1969, December 31). The Aristocats. Variety. Retrieved December 27, 2020, from https://variety.com/1969/film/reviews/the-aristocats-1200422129/Wilde, R. (2019, January 30). Belle Époque or the “Beautiful Age” in France. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/the-belle-epoque-beautiful-age-1221300

Episode SummaryErin and Rachel travel to Sherwood Forest and discuss Robin Hood (1973), the first Disney film to feature a cast entirely composed of anthropomorphized animals! Although their qualms with the film include the limited agency of female characters and the derision of fat characters, they also enjoyed the exciting plot and folksy music. Episode BibliographyAsher-Perrin, E. (2018, April 18). The Robin Hood You Love is A Lie. Tor.com. Retrieved January 14, 2021, from https://www.tor.com/2018/04/18/the-robin-hood-you-love-is-a-lie/Billington, D. (1973, December 22). Sir Hiss is the Show Stealer in Walt Disney's Robin Hood. The Gazette, 23.Brown, N. (2015). Individualism and national identity in Disney’s early British films. Journal of Popular Film and Television, 188-200. Canby, V. (1973, November 9). Screen: 'Robin Hood': Animals and Birds Star in Disney Version The Program. The New York Times. Retrieved January 14, 2021, from https://www.nytimes.com/1973/11/09/archives/screen-robin-hoodanimals-and-birds-star-in-disney-version-the.htmlCartoon Hangover. (2017, September 22). Every Recycled Disney Shot & Why - Snow White, Frozen, Toy Story, Moana and More - Cartoon Hangover. YouTube. Retrieved January 15, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JU21shbaVBoChrist, J. (1973, November 12). Calling the Blind Man's Bluff. New York Magazine, 6(46), 88-91. https://books.google.com/books?id=0eYCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA90#v=onepage&q&f=falseConradt, S. (2015, November 23). 11 Oo-De-Lally Facts About Robin Hood. Mental Floss. Retrieved January 14, 2021, from https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/70981/11-oo-de-lally-facts-about-robin-hoodFinch, C. (1975). The Art of Walt Disney: from Mickey Mouse to the Magic Kingdoms. H.N. Abrams. https://archive.org/details/isbn_0810990075Finn, W. (2007, July 22). ROBIN HOOD CONFIDENTIAL pt. 2 : Keith Ward's "Reynard the Fox". Will Finn Blog. Retrieved January 15, 2021, from http://willfinn.blogspot.com/2007/07/robin-hood-confidential-pt-2-keith.htmlGilbert, R. (1973, November 26). Movies Around Town. New York Magazine, 6(48), 13. https://books.google.com/books?id=yeYCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA13#v=onepage&q&f=falseHill, J. (2005, March 17). Why for? Jim Hill Media. Retrieved January 15, 2021, from http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2005/03/18/562.aspxJay, C. (1973, December 3). Cinema: Quick Cuts. Time Magazine. http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,908239,00.htmlMartin, C. (2018, February 18). Let's "Hear" It for Robin Hood. YouTube. Retrieved January 17, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLlBFtRrEDxXWGdSILXcDfLNdXj03zf0JuMcBride, C. (2019, September 3). How Furries Became a Fandom. SYFY Wire. Retrieved January 15, 2021, from https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/how-furries-became-a-fandomNess, M. (2016, September 22). Treading Ink: Disney's Robin Hood. Tor.com. Retrieved January 14, 2021, from https://www.tor.com/2016/09/22/treading-ink-disneys-robin-hood/Padnick, S. (2013, December 31). “Those Impudent Musical Peasants!”—Disney’s Robin Hood. Tor.com. Retrieved January 14, 2021, from https://www.tor.com/2013/12/31/rewatching-robin-hood-disney/Paschke, J. (2013, July). Where’s Robin Hood of Nottingham these days? British Heritage, 40-43.Patten, F. (2012, July 15). Retrospective: An Illustrated Chronology of Furry Fandom, 1966–1996. flayrah. Retrieved January 15, 2021, from http://www.flayrah.com/4117/retrospective-illustrated-chronology-furry-fandom-1966-1996Robin Hood (1973 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 12, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Hood_(1973_film)Reitherman, W. (Director). (1973). Robin Hood [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.Sampson, W. (2009, May 27). Taking Another Look at Robin Hood. Mouse Planet. Retrieved January 11, 2021, from https://www.mouseplanet.com/8821/Taking_Another_Look_at_Robin_HoodSeal, G. (2009). The Robin Hood principle: Folklore, history, and the social bandit. Journal of Folklore Research, 46(1), 67-89.

Episode SummaryVenture into the Hundred Acre Wood with Erin and Rachel as they discuss the The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh, the 1977 feature-length film that compiled three previously-released featurettes about a willy nilly silly old bear. The conversation touches on issues of gender and racism, but Rachel’s biggest qualm with this movie is the fat shaming directed at our favorite tubby cubby.  Episode BibliographyDudley, S. (2016, August 1). The Many Adventures Of Winnie The Pooh: The Story Behind The Masterpiece. YouTube. Retrieved January 24, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZJCW4GE_Fk&t=649sFanning, J. (2010, February 4). All Facts, No Fluff and Stuff. D23. Retrieved January 24, 2021, from https://archive.is/20120710135543/d23.disney.go.com/news/2010/02/all-facts-no-fluff-and-stuff/Fanning, J. (2016, February 4). Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree: Did You Know? D23. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://d23.com/winnie-the-pooh-and-the-honey-tree-did-you-know/Fanning, J. (2018, December 20). Did You Know? 9 Stuffed-With-Fluff Facts About Walt Disney’s Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day. D23. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://d23.com/9-facts-about-winnie-the-pooh-and-the-blustery-day/Greig, F. (2017, September 27). Winnie the Pooh’s surprising mental health themes explored. inews. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://inews.co.uk/culture/film/winnie-the-pooh-mental-health-aa-milne-93148Kortman, S. A., & Eckstein, D. (2004). Winnie-the-Pooh: A “honey-jar” for me and you. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 12(1), 67-77. The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 22, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Many_Adventures_of_Winnie_the_PoohReitherman, W., & Lounsbery, J. (Directors). (1977). The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.Sauer, P. (2017, November 6). How Winnie-the-Pooh Became a Household Name. Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved January 30, 2021, from https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/winnie-pooh-became-household-bear-180967090/Shea, S. E., Gordon, K., Hawkins, A., Kawchuk, J., & Smith, D. (2000, December 12). Pathology in the Hundred Acre Wood: A neurodevelopmental perspective on A.A. Milne. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 163(12), 1557-1559. Retrieved January 26, 2021, from https://www.cmaj.ca/content/163/12/1557.fullStanger, C. A. (1987). Winnie the Pooh through a feminist lens. The Lion and the Unicorn, 11(2), 34-50. Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 24, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnie_the_Pooh_and_the_Blustery_DayWinnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 22, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnie_the_Pooh_and_the_Honey_TreeWinnie the Pooh and Tigger Too. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 24, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnie_the_Pooh_and_Tigger_Too

Episode SummaryIn their deconstruction of The Rescuers (1977), Erin and Rachel discuss orphans, alligators, and confederate symbolism. This film seemingly represents the first attempts of the Walt Disney Animation Studios to represent racial diversity and gender equality in any intentional or meaningful way, but how successful are they?Episode BibliographyCaroll, T.W. (2019). Revisiting second wave histories: New chronologies, geographies, and appraisals. Journal of Women’s History, 31(3), 136-146. Cawley, J. (2003, May 2). Don Bluth The Disney Years: The Rescuers. The Animated Films of Don Bluth. Retrieved February 9, 2021, from https://web.archive.org/web/20070311015411/http://www.cataroo.com/DBrescu.htmlChamplin, C. (1977, July 3). Animation: The Real Thing at Disney. The Los Angeles Times, 276.Doty, M. (2015, February 10). Cruella de Vil's Comeback That Wasn't: See Long-Lost Sketches of Iconic Villain in 'The Rescuers' (Exclusive). Yahoo! Entertainment. Retrieved February 11, 2021, from https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/cruella-de-vils-comeback-that-wasnt-see-110587473877.htmlLounsbery, J., Reitherman, W., & Stevens, A. (1977). The Rescuers [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.Madame Medusa. (2011, March 2). The Disney Archives. Retrieved February 11, 2021, from https://web.archive.org/web/20110302115813/http://disney.go.com/vault/archives/villains/medusa/medusa.htmlMikkelson, D. (1999, January 13). Did a Topless Woman Appear in Disney’s ‘The Rescuers’? Snopes. Retrieved February 9, 2021, from https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/the-rescuers-topless/Myers, J.E.B. (2006). Child protection in America: Past, present, and future. Oxford University Press. Ness, M. (2015, September 17). Rescuing More than Just Small Girls and Teddy Bears: Disney’s The Rescuers. Tor.com. Retrieved February 5, 2021, from https://www.tor.com/2015/09/17/rescuing-more-than-just-small-girls-and-teddy-bears-disneys-the-rescuers/Radloff, J. (2014, September 10). Why most Disney heroines don’t have mothers and so many more secrets from the Disney archives. Glamour. https://www.glamour.com/story/disney-secrets-beauty-and-the-beastThe Rescuers. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved February 6, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_RescuersThomas, B. (1984, September 19). Walt Disney Productions Returns to Animation. The Lewiston Daily Sun, 28.United Nations. (n.d.). World Conference of the International Women’s Year. https://www.un.org/en/conferences/women/mexico-city1975Variety Staff. (1976, December 31). The Rescuers. Variety. Retrieved February 9, 2021, from https://variety.com/1976/film/reviews/the-rescuers-2-1200423850/Wood, J.M. (2014, October 22). 27 Motherless Disney characters. Mental Floss. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/59581/27-motherless-disney-characters

Episode SummaryIn this first miniature (or Minnie Mouse?) episode, Erin and Rachel each pitch an idea for a new Disney Park attraction based on the films they've watched so far.Episode BibliographyOlson, J. (2021, April 1). For the first time, all 4 Walt Disney World theme parks are led by women.10 Tampa Bay. https://www.wtsp.com/article/entertainment/walt-disney-world-led-by-women/67-86180d33-8e6c-4502-87ee-d78c6e7d25de

Episode SummaryFor their second mini-episode, Erin and Rachel each identify their picks for best villain, best love interest, and best animal sidekick from the films they've reviewed so far. 

Episode SummaryIn the third and final mini-episode (for now!), Erin and Rachel wrestle with the definition of "classic" literature and identify possible source material for the next great Disney animated film! 

Episode SummaryErin and Rachel unpack The Fox and the Hound (1981), the most expensive Disney animated film up to that point, due largely to conflict amongst the film makers. They discover that even a movie about the best of friends isn't immune to racism in the form of Black stereotypes and underlying messages about segregation. Episode BibliographyAssociated Press. (1977, July 19). A New Generation of Animators is Taking Over at Disney Studios. The Baltimore Sun, 20.Benson, S. (1981, July 10). 'Fox, Hound' Cuts No Corners. The Los Angeles Times, 96.Berman, T., Rich, R., & Stevens, A. (Directors). (1981). The Fox and the Hound [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.Canby, V. (1981, July 10). The Fox and the Hound. The New York Times, 5.Cawley, J. (n.d.). The Animated Films of Don Bluth: The Disney Years. Cataroo. Retrieved March 20, 2021, from http://www.cataroo.com/DBdis.htmlCorliss, R. (1981, July 20). Cinema: The New Generation Comes of Age. TIME. http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,954873-1,00.htmlDon Bluth. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved February 27, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_BluthEbert, R. (1981, January 1). The Fox and the Hound. RogerEbert.com. Retrieved April 6, 2021, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-fox-and-the-hound-1981Entman, R. M., & Rojecki, A. (2001). The Black image in the White mind: Media and race in America. University of Chicago Press. Eric Larson. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved May 29, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_LarsonThe Fox and the Hound. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved March 20, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fox_and_the_Hound#cite_note-Newsweek-1The Fox and the Hound (novel). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved March 20, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fox_and_the_Hound_(novel)Glenn, C. L., & Cunningham, L. J. (2009). The Power o f Black Magic: The magical negro and white salvation in film. Journal o f Black Studies, 40(2), 135-152Heidi Guedel. (n.d.). IMDB. Retrieved May 29, 2021, from https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0345726/. Hughey, M. W. (2009). Cinethetic Racism: White redemption and Black stereotypes in “Magical Negro” films. Social Problems, 56(2), 543-577.Jacoby, K. (2001). Crimes against nature: Squatters, poachers, thieves and the hidden history of American conservation. University of California Press.Jurado, K. G. (2013). The “magical Negro” in Disney film. [Master's Thesis, Hawaii Pacific University]. ProQuest.Linda Miller. (n.d.). IMDB. Retrieved May 29, 2021, from https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0588818/Longworth, K. [Host]. (2019, Oct. 21). 147: Hattie McDaniel (Six Degrees of Song  of the South, Episode 2) [Audio Podcast Episode]. In You Must Remember This. http://www.youmustrememberthispodcast.comLorna Cook. (n.d.). IMDB. Retrieved May 29, 2021, from https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0177170/Mannix, D. P. (1967). The fox and the hound. Dutton.Ness, M. (2015, September 24). Well, I'm Traumatized: The Fox and the Hound. Tor.com. Retrieved March 20, 2021, from https://www.tor.com/2015/09/24/well-im-traumatized-the-fox-and-the-hound/Ness, M. (2015, October 1). Forbidden Friendships: Disney's The Fox and the Hound. Tor.com. Retrieved March 20, 2021, from https://www.tor.com/2015/10/01/forbidden-friendships-disneys-the-fox-and-the-hound/Price, T. H. (2019). A cauldron of chaos and cultivation: Rediscovering Disney animation of the 1980s [Master's Thesis, Chapman University]. ProQuest. Sito, T. (1998, November). Disney's The Fox and the Hound: The Coming of the Next Generation. Animation World Magazine, (3.8). https://www.awn.com/mag/issue3.8/3.8pages/3.8sitofox.htmlWhitley, D. (2012). The idea of nature in Disney animation: From Snow White to WALL-E (2nd ed.). Ashgate.Wolfgang Reitherman. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved May 29, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Reitherman

Episode SummaryIn an episode bubbling over with Disney history, Erin and Rachel dive into The Black Cauldron (1985), also known as, “the film that almost killed Disney animation.” Amid corporate restructuring, another animator's strike, and increasing competition at the box office, The Black Cauldron totally flopped. Erin and Rachel liked this film about as much as 1985 audiences did, and not just because of the misogyny and white-washed cast. Even innovative animation technology couldn't save the meandering script and annoying characters.Episode BibliographyBerman, T., & Rich, R. (Directors). (1985). The Black Cauldron [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.The Black Cauldron. (1996, November 1). Filmtracks. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from https://www.filmtracks.com/titles/black_cauldron.htmlThe Black Cauldron (film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved June 7, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Black_Cauldron_(film)Black Cauldron, The (film). (2015, September 6). D23. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from https://web.archive.org/web/20150906012122/https://d23.com/a-to-z/black-cauldron-the-film/Butler, O. (1993). Parable of the sower. Four Walls Eight Windows.Champlin, C. (1985, July 27). 'Cauldron': Words Away from the Pot of Gold. The Los Angeles Times.The Chronicles of Prydain. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved June 7, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_PrydainDeja, A. (2013, February 9). Milt Kahl's Black Cauldron. Deja View. Retrieved June 12, 2021, from http://andreasdeja.blogspot.com/2013/02/milt-kahls-black-cauldron.htmlDiehl, B. (1985, June 15). Disney Pictures back to basics with fully-animated features. Ottawa Citizen, C6.Ebert, R. (1985, July 24). The Black Cauldron. RogerEbert.com. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-black-cauldron-1985Fierce, R. (2015). Isn't it romantic? Sacrificing agency for romance in The Chronicles Of Prydain. Mythlore, (33) 2, 2015, p. 75.Goodman, W. (1985, July 26). Screen: Disney's 'Black Cauldron'. The New York Times, C5.Gregory, J. (2019, February 25). Ron Miller helped modernize Disney. So why do his successors get all the credit? Theme Park Tribune. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from https://www.themeparktribune.com/ron-miller-helped-modernize-disney-so-why-do-his-successors-get-all-the-credit/Hahn, D., Schneider, P., Pacheco, P., & Bacon, C. (Directors). (2010). Waking Sleeping Beauty [Film; Disney+]. Buena Vista Home Entertainment.Harmetz, A. (1978, August 10). Disney film far behind schedule. The Register-Guard, 9C.Hill, J. (2006, February 9). "The Black Cauldron": What went wrong. Jim Hill Media. Retrieved June 12, 2021, from http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2006/02/10/712.aspxHill, J. (2010, September 10). Why For did Disney's "The Black Cauldron" fail to connect with audiences back in 1985? Jim Hill Media. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2010/09/10/why-for-did-quot-the-black-cauldron-quot-fail-at-the-box-office.aspxHulett, S. (2014, August 29). ‘Mouse in Transition': Rodent Detectives and Studio Strikes (Chapter 11). Cartoon Brew. Retrieved June 12, 2021, from https://www.cartoonbrew.com/promote-article/mouse-in-transition-rodent-detectives-and-studio-strikes-chapter-11-103143.htmlKenton, W. (2020, January 30). Corporate Raider. Investopedia. Retrieved June 12, 2021, from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corporate-raider.asp#:~:text=A%20corporate%20raider%20is%20an,the%20company's%20leadership%20and%20management.Kois, D. (2010, October 19). The Black Cauldron: Is the movie that almost killed Disney animation really that bad? Slate. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/dvdextras/2010/10/the_black_cauldron.single.htmlLloyd Alexander Interview Transcript. (n.d.). Scholastic. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/lloyd-alexander-interview-transcript/Mallory, M. (2012, September 7). John and Ron Mention 'The Unmentionable'. Animation Magazine. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from https://www.animationmagazine.net/top-stories/john-and-ron-mention-the-unmentionable/Ness, M. (2015, October 8). A Demoralizing Disaster: Disney's The Black Cauldron. Tor.com. Retrieved June 7, 2021, from https://www.tor.com/2015/10/08/a-demoralizing-disaster-disneys-the-black-cauldron/Peraza, M. (2010, September 9). Cauldron of Chaos. Ink and Paint Club. Retrieved June 12, 2021, from http://michaelperaza.blogspot.com/search/label/Black%20CauldronRon W. Miller. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_W._MillerSito, T. (n.d.). The '50s Through the '90s. The Animation Guild. Retrieved June 12, 2021, from https://animationguild.org/about-the-guild/the50s-the90s/Solomon, C. (1985, July 27). 'Cauldron' a Treat for Kidvid-Sore Eyes. The Los Angeles Times, 44.

Episode SummaryAmid mounting pressure from new leadership, Disney animators ushered in a new era with its first ever computer-generated image (CGI) sequence in The Great Mouse Detective (1986). Erin and Rachel discuss their attraction to Disney characters and their puzzlement with the lengthy cabaret sequence in this Sherlock Holmes-inspired adventure film.Episode BibliographyBlack, R.S., & Pretes, L. (2007). Victims and victors: Representation of physical disability on the silver screen. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 32(1), 66-83.Bogdan, R., Biklen, D., Shapiro, A. & D. Spelkoman. (1982). The disabled: Media's monster. Social Policy, 13(2), 32-35.Culhane, J. (1986, July 27). 'The Great Mouse Detective' Gives Clues to the Future of Disney Animation. The New York Times, 16.Darnton, N. (1986, July 2). Film: 'The Great Mouse Detective'. The New York Times, 29.Donnelly, C. E. (2016). Re-visioning negative archetypes of disability and deformity in fantasy: Wicked, Maleficent, and Game of Thrones. Disability Studies Quarterly, 36(4). Ebert, R. (1986, July 2). The Great Mouse Detective. RogerEbert.com. Retrieved August 17, 2021, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-great-mouse-detective-1986Fanning, J. (2016, June 30). Did You Know? Unravel 8 Sneaky Facts from The Great Mouse Detective. D23. Retrieved August 24, 2021, from https://d23.com/did-you-know-unravel-9-sneaky-facts-from-the-great-mouse-detective/Frayling, C. (2014). The Yellow Peril: Dr. Fu Manchu and the rise of Chinaphobia. Thames & Hudson.Goldstein, A. O., Sobel, R. A., & Newman, G. R. (1999). Tobacco and alcohol use in G-rated children's animated films. JAMA, 281(12), 1131-1136. doi:10.1001/jama.281.12.1131The Great Mouse Detective. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved August 17, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Mouse_DetectiveKorkis, J. (2011, February 23). How Basil Saved Disney Feature Animation: Part One. Mouse Planet. Retrieved August 24, 2021, from https://www.mouseplanet.com/9534/How_Basil_Saved_Disney_Feature_Animation_Part_OneKorkis, J. (2011, March 2). How Basil Saved Disney Feature Animation: Part Two. Mouse Planet. Retrieved August 24, 2021, from https://www.mouseplanet.com/9549/How_Basil_Saved_Disney_Feature_Animation_Part_TwoMotamayor, R. (2020, April 2). Revisiting ‘The Great Mouse Detective', the Unsung Kickstarter of the Disney Renaissance (And One of Disney's Creepiest Movies). /Film. Retrieved August 17, 2021, from https://www.slashfilm.com/the-great-mouse-detective-revisited-2/Ness, M. (2015, October 22). This, Too, Started With a Mouse. Tor.com. Retrieved August 26, 2021, from https://www.tor.com/2015/10/22/this-too-started-with-a-mouse-disneys-the-great-mouse-detective/Peraza, M. (2010, April 1). Basil of Baker Street. Ink and Paint Club. Retrieved August 24, 2021, from http://michaelperaza.blogspot.com/search/label/Basil%20of%20Baker%20StreetSiskel, G. (1986, August 8). Flick of Week: 'Vagabond' One of Finest Films in Years. Chicago Tribune.Steinmetz, J. (1986, July 2). 'Great Mouse Detective': Vintage Disney, Updated. Chicago Tribune.Tran, D. N. (2008, December 12). The Great Mouse Detective Film FAQ. Basilans.com. Retrieved August 24, 2021, from http://www.geocities.ws/basilians/library/faq/film.htmWillistein, P. (1986, July 27). A Very Animated Fellow Candy Candido Lends Vocal Support to Some Memorable Disney Characters. The Morning Call.Wire-frame model. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved August 17, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire-frame_model

Episode SummaryThanks to its impressive technological innovation and astounding attention to detail, Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) achieved commercial and critical success under the Touchstone Pictures film label. Erin and Rachel debate whether the clever script and filmmaking can adequately compensate for offensive content. Importantly, they also consider whether Jessica Rabbit is actually bad, or just drawn that way. Episode BibliographyArbeiter, M. (2018, June 21). 15 Things You Might Not Know About Who Framed Roger Rabbit. Mental Floss. Retrieved September 14, 2021, from https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/62910/15-things-you-might-not-know-about-who-framed-roger-rabbitCorliss, R. (1988, June 27). Cinema: Creatures of A Subhuman Species Who Framed Roger Rabbit. Time. http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,967766-1,00.htmlDirks, T. (1996). Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988). Filmsite. Retrieved September 14, 2021, from https://www.filmsite.org/whof.htmlEbert, R. (1988, June 22). Who Framed Roger Rabbit. RogerEbert.com. Retrieved September 13, 2021, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/who-framed-roger-rabbit-1988Howe, D. (1988, June 24). 'Who Framed Roger Rabbit?' (PG). The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/whoframedrogerrabbitpghowe_a0b16f.htmjpo. (2016, November 13). Siskel & Ebert - Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988). YouTube. Retrieved September 14, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Bwyuw7igykLassek, W.D., & Gaulin, S.J.C. (2016). What makes Jessica Rabbit sexy? Contrasting roles of waist and hip size. Evolutionary Psychology, 14(2), https://doi-org.wv-o-ursus-proxy01.ursus.maine.edu/10.1177/1474704916643459Loughrey, C. (2018, June 22). Who Framed Roger Rabbit? at 30: The feminist appeal of Jessica Rabbit. Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/who-framed-roger-rabbit-30th-anniversary-jessica-feminism-appeal-a8411501.htmlSiskel, G. (1988, July 3). Tooned In. Chicago Tribune, 59.Soloman, C. (1988, June 22). The Animated Arena of ‘Roger Rabbit' : Integration of Cartoons With Live Action Will Set Standard. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-06-22-ca-4589-story.htmlWho Framed Roger Rabbit. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved September 2, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_RabbitWolf, S. (2008). Don Hahn talks about "Who Framed Roger Rabbit?" MouseClubhouse.com. Retrieved September 2, 2021, from https://archive.md/20120908053504/http://www.mouseclubhouse.com/Interviews/don-hahn/don-hahn-beauty-roger-rabbit.htm#selection-107.0-111.38

Episode SummaryOnce upon a time in New York City, a movie about dogs brought up a lot of questions about class, race, and gender. Erin revisits one of her favorite childhood films in this episode about Oliver & Company (1988), while Rachel remains steadfast in her stance that the lone kitten is the only good part. Episode BibliographyAbramovitz, M., & Hopkins, T. (1983). Reaganomics and the welfare state. The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 10(4), 563-578. Bailey, B. (2017). Greetings and compliments or street harassment? Competing evaluations of street remarks in a recorded collection. Discourse & Society, 28(4), 353-373Barnd, N. B. (2013). White Man's Best Friend: Race and Privilege in Oliver and Company. In Diversity in Disney Films: Critical Essays on Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Sexuality and Disability (pp. 67-82). McFarland, Inc. Biography.com Editors. (2020, March 4). Charles Dickens Biography. Biography.  https://www.biography.com/writer/charles-dickensFleming, P.C. (2016). Dickens, Disney, Oliver, and Company: Adaptation in a corporate media age. Children's Literature Association Quarterly 41(2), 182-198. doi:10.1353/chq.2016.0025.John, C. (1988, November 13). FILM; 'Oliver & Company' Gives Dickens A Disney Twist urban scene from an appropriate rooftop. New York Times, 22.Lohnes, K. (2020, May 5). Oliver Twist. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Oliver-Twist-novel-by-DickensNess, M. (2015, November 19). Production Changes: Disney's Oliver and Company. Tor.com. Retrieved October 21, 2021, from https://www.tor.com/2015/11/19/production-changes-disneys-oliver-and-company/Noyer, J. (2009, February 2). Once Upon A Time In New York City: Oliver & Company's Composer J.A.C. Redford! Animated Views. Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://animatedviews.com/2009/oliver-co-composer-jac-redford/Noyer, J. (2009, February 3). Once Upon A Time In New York City: Oliver & Company's Director George Scribner! Animated Views. Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://animatedviews.com/2009/once-upon-a-time-in-new-york-city-oliver-companys-director-george-scribner/Oliver & Company. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_%26_CompanyOliver & Company. (n.d.). IMDb. Retrieved October 21, 2021, from https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0095776/?ref_=m_ttfc_ttThe Opportunity Agenda. (2021). Narrative shift: From the War on Poverty to “ending welfare as we know it.” The Opportunity Agenda. https://www.opportunityagenda.org/shifting-narrative/narrative-shift-war-povertyPeterson, W.C. (1988). The macroeconomic legacy of Reaganomics. Journal of Economic Issues, 22(1), 1-16. Schettino, F., & Khan, H.A. (2020). Income polarization in the USA: What happened to the middle class in the last few decades? Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 53, 149-161.Scribner, G. (Director). (1988). Oliver & Company [Film]. Walt Disney Feature Animation.Vera-Gray, F. (2016). Men's stranger intrusions: Rethinking street harassment. Women's Studies International Forum, 58(September-October), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2016.04.001Wegner, R., Antonia, A., Pierce, J., Pegram, S.E., & Woerner, J. (2015). Sexual assault perpetrators' justifications for their actions: Relationships to rape supportive attitudes, incident characteristics, and future perpetration. Violence Against Women, 21(8), 1018-1037. doi: 10.1177/1077801215589380

Episode SummaryJoin Erin and Rachel under the sea for the first princess film in 30 years! The Little Mermaid (1989) marked the beginning of the Disney Renaissance, a period of renewed investment in animation at the Disney Corporation. With musical numbers from Broadway dynamos Howard Ashman and Alan Menken, the film smashed the box office, but did Princess Ariel smash the patriarchy?Episode BibliographyAndersen, H.C. (1836). The little mermaid. Retrieved December 21, 2021 from http://hca.gilead.org.il/li_merma.htmlBarnd, N. B. (2013). White man's best friend: Race and privilege in Oliver and Company. In J. Cheu (Ed.), Diversity in Disney films: Critical essays on race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality and disability (pp. 67-82). McFarland.Bell, E. (1995). Somatexts at the Disney shop: Constructing pentimentos of women's animated bodies. In E. Bell, L. Haas, & L. Sells (Eds.). From mouse to mermaid: The politics of film, gender, and culture (pp. 107-124). Indiana University Press. Clements, R., & Musker, J. (Directors). (1989). The Little Mermaid [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.Cohen, C. (2013, September 24). Interview with Actor Samuel E. Wright: Little Mermaid, The Lion King, Dinosaur and more. YouTube. Retrieved November 20, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y06cu-PCI_ADavis, A. M. (2007). Good girls and wicked witches: Women in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.Ebert, R. (1989, November 17). The Little Mermaid. RogerEbert.com. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-little-mermaid-1989Hahn, D. (Director). (2010). Waking Sleeping Beauty [Film; Disney+]. Buena Vista Home Entertainment.Howard Ashman. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved November 14, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_AshmanThe Little Mermaid (1989 Film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Little_Mermaid_(1989_film)#cite_ref-WDFAtimeline_21-2MacKisack, M. (2021, June 26). How Disney artist Glen Keane draws when he has aphantasia. Fast Company. Retrieved November 18, 2021, from https://www.fastcompany.com/90649913/the-unusual-creative-process-of-the-artist-behind-the-little-mermaid-and-beauty-and-the-beastMaking The Little Mermaid. (2020). 80s Movies Rewind. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://www.fast-rewind.com/making_littlemermaid.htmMaslin, J. (1989, November 15). Review/Film; Andersen's 'Mermaid,' by Way of Disney. The New York Times. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/15/movies/review-film-andersen-s-mermaid-by-way-of-disney.htmlMcIntosh, N. (2018, July 17). The Making of the Little Mermaid 1989 - Treasures Untold - Retro N8. YouTube. Retrieved November 14, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdMMg6OSn1QMikkelson, D. (1996, August 2). Does the Minister in ‘Little Mermaid' Get an Erection? Snopes. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/the-aroused-minister/Mikkelson, D. (1998, November 30). Was a Phallus Purposely Added to the Artwork for ‘The Little Mermaid' VHS Cover? Snopes. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/phallus-purposely-added-artwork-little-mermaid-vhs-cover/Murphy, P. D. (1995). "The whole wide world was scrubbed clean": The androcentric animation of denatured Disney.  In E. Bell, L. Haas, & L. Sells (Eds.). From mouse to mermaid: The politics of film, gender, and culture (pp. 125-136). Indiana University Press. Ness, M. (2015, December 10). Disney's Renaissance: The Little Mermaid. Tor.com. Retrieved November 14, 2021, from https://www.tor.com/2015/12/10/disneys-renaissance-the-little-mermaid/Neuwirth, A. (2003). Makin' Toons: Inside the Most Popular Animated TV Shows and Movies. Allworth Press. https://archive.org/details/makintoonsinside0000neuw/page/46/mode/2upOriginal Walt Disney Storyboard Drawing From The Little Mermaid featuring Ariel and the Shark. (n.d.). Animation Sensations. Retrieved November 18, 2021, from https://www.animationsensations.com/original-disney-production-drawing-ariel-wdpclm06-4Sells, L. (1995). "Where do the mermaids stand?" Voice and body in The Little Mermaid. In E. Bell, L. Haas, & L. Sells (Eds.). From mouse to mermaid: The politics of film, gender, and culture (pp. 175-192). Indiana University Press. Siskel, G. (1989, November 17). 'Steel Magnolias' Uneven Version of Popular Play. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1989-11-17-8903100378-story.htmlTattoli, C. (2014, May 2). Disney's animated zombies: How classic stories are lost in reinvention. Salon. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://www.salon.com/2014/05/02/disneys_animated_zombies_how_classic_stories_are_lost_in_reinvention/Trites, R. (1991). Disney's sub/version of The Little Mermaid. Journal of Popular Television and Film, 18(4), 14-5-59.Variety Staff. (1988, December 31). The Little Mermaid. Variety. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://variety.com/1988/film/reviews/the-little-mermaid-1200427784/Wright, S. (2018, September 19). Disney's Fascination with The Little Mermaid. WDW Info. Retrieved November 18, 2021, from https://www.wdwinfo.com/disneylandcalifornia/disneys-fascination-with-the-little-mermaid/

Episode SummaryTravel to Australia with Erin and Rachel, where they'll dissect The Rescuers Down Under (1990), a film full of native flora and fauna, but absolutely no native people. This box office flop was created using the Computer Animation Production System (CAPS), but it's impressive animated sequences couldn't redeem the irregular pacing and lackluster characters.  Episode BibliographyComputer Animation Production System. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 4, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Animation_Production_SystemBandura, A. (1994). Social cognitive theory of mass communication. In J. Bryant, & D. Zillman (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 61–90). Lawrence Erlbaum.Barry, C. (2011, August 16). Australia's wildlife blackmarket trade. Australian Geographic. https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/wildlife/2011/08/australias-wildlife-blackmarket-trade/Davis, A. M. (2014). Handsome heroes and vile villains: Men in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.Ebert, R. (1990, November 16). The Rescuers Down Under movie review (1990). Roger Ebert. Retrieved January 4, 2022, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-rescuers-down-under-1990Gabriel, M. (Director). (1990). The rescuers down under [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.A Guide to Using Respectful and Inclusive Language and Terminology. (n.d.). Narragunnawali. Retrieved January 6, 2022, from https://www.narragunnawali.org.au/about/terminology-guideHarrison, M. (2019, November 20). The Rescuers Down Under: The Disney Renaissance's Lost Film. Den of Geek. Retrieved January 4, 2022, from https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/the-rescuers-down-under-disney-renaissance-lost-film/Hinman, C. (1990, November 19). DISNEY DIPS INTO LOCAL INKWELL FLORIDA ANIMATION TEAM LENDS HAND TO 'RESCUERS' 'RESCUERS'. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved January 4, 2022, from https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-1990-11-19-9011180479-story.htmlHubka, D., Hovdestad, W., & Tonmyr, L. (2009). Child maltreatment in Disney animated feature films: 1937-2006. The Social Science Journal, 46(3), 427-441. DOI: 10.1016/j.soscij.2009.03.001Korff, J. (2021, November 29). What is the correct term for Aboriginal people? Creative Spirits. Retrieved January 6, 2022, from https://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/people/how-to-name-aboriginal-peopleMovieMation. (2017, November 30). What was Pixar's CAPS project? YouTube. Retrieved January 3, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SuhH5Is_Hq8Murphy, P. D. (1995). "The whole wide world was scrubbed clean": The androcentric animation of denatured Disney.  In E. Bell, L. Haas, & L. Sells (Eds.). From mouse to mermaid: The politics of film, gender, and culture (pp. 125-136). Indiana University Press. Ness, M. (2015, December 17). The Arrival of Computer Animation: The Rescuers Down Under. Tor.com. Retrieved January 3, 2022, from https://www.tor.com/2015/12/17/the-arrival-of-computer-animation-the-rescuers-down-under/The Rescuers Down Under. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 3, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rescuers_Down_UnderThe Rescuers Down Under | Disney Wiki | Fandom. (n.d.). Disney Wiki. Retrieved January 7, 2022, from https://disney.fandom.com/wiki/The_Rescuers_Down_UnderSiskel, G. (1990, November 16). 'Rocky V' A Satisfying End to a Movie Nice Guy. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved January 4, 2022, from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1990-11-16-9004050102-story.htmlTanner, L. R., Haddock, S. A., Zimmerman, T. S., & Lund, L. K. (2003) Images of couples and families in Disney feature-length animated films. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 31(5), 355-373. DOI: 10.1080/01926180390223987Taylor, D. (2020, December 16). 'The Rescuers Down Under': The Untold Story of How the Sequel Changed Disney Forever. Collider. Retrieved January 3, 2022, from https://collider.com/disney-rescuers-down-under-history-explained/TeridaxXD001. (2021, October 5). CAPS (Computer Animation Production System) | Anime Superhero Forum. Anime Superhero News. Retrieved January 3, 2022, from https://animesuperhero.com/forums/threads/caps-computer-animation-production-system.5792136/Towbin, M. A., Haddock, S. A., Zimmerman, T. S., Lund, L. K., & Tanner, L. R. (2004). Images of gender, race, age, and sexual orientation in Disney feature-length animated films. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 15(4), 19-44. DOI: 10.1300/J086v15n04_02Winston, T. P. (2010). A critique of the environmental savior trope in wildlife film (Unpublished master's thesis). Montana State University, Bozeman, MT. Retrieved from: https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1/2559/WinstonT0510.pdf

Episode SummaryA smashing success at the box office and awards shows, Beauty and the Beast (1991) confirmed that the Disney Renaissance had indeed arrived.  Despite its technical and narrative achievements, this film garnered heavy criticism from the feminists it sought to appease with a spunky heroine. Erin and Rachel discuss how Belle and her suitors reinforce that gendered violence is a tale as old as time. Oh, and also, is everyone gay?Episode BibliographyAn American Tail: Fievel Goes West. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved February 5, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_American_Tail:_Fievel_Goes_WestBanks, M. (2021). De Beaumont's Beauty and the Beast: A feminist analysis. Journal of Literary Criticism, Comparative Linguistics and Literary Studies, 42(1), Beauty and the Beast (1946 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved March 25, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Beast_(1946_film)Beauty and the Beast (1991 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 23, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Beast_(1991_film)Beauty and the Beast Movie Channel. (2018, October 19). The Making of Beauty and the Beast. YouTube. Retrieved February 5, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9SAisRqUW0Beres, L. (1999). Beauty and the Beast: The romanticization of abuse in popular culture. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 2(2), 191-207.Brode, D. (2006). Multiculturalism and the mouse: Race and sex in Disney entertainment. University of Texas Press. Coates, L., Bonnah, S., & Richardson, C. (2019). Beauty and the Beast: Misrepresentation and social responses in fairy-tale romance and redemption. International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies, 10(1), 119-136. DOI: 10.18357/ijcyfs101201918809Cocteau, J. (Director). (1946). La belle et la bête [Film]. DisCina. Cummins, J. (1995). Romancing the plot: The real beast of Disney's Beauty and the Beast. Children's Literature Association Quarterly, 20(1), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.1353/chq.0.0872Davis, A. M. (2014). Handsome heroes and vile villains: Men in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company, Limited. Downey, S. D. (1996). Feminine empowerment in Disney's Beauty and the Beast. Women's Studies in Communication, 19(2), 185–212.Ebert, R. (1991, November 22). Beauty And The Beast movie review (1991). Roger Ebert. Retrieved January 28, 2022, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/beauty-and-the-beast-1991Failes, I. (2021, November 15). 30 Years Ago: The CG Secrets of the Ballroom Sequence in 'Beauty and the Beast'. Cartoon Brew. Retrieved February 5, 2022, from https://www.cartoonbrew.com/feature-film/30-years-ago-cg-secrets-ballroom-sequence-beauty-beast-145174.htmlGriswold, J. (2004). The meanings of “Beauty & the Beast”: A handbook. Broadview Press.Hahn, D., Schneider, P., Pacheco, P., & Bacon, C. (Directors). (2010). Waking Sleeping Beauty [Film; Disney+]. Buena Vista Home Entertainment.Hayes, M., & King, B. (2017, February 5). 5 Things You May Not Know About "Beauty And The Beast". The Odyssey Online. Retrieved February 2, 2022, from https://www.theodysseyonline.com/5-things-about-beauty-beastHeatwole, A. (2016). Disney girlhood: Princess generations and Once Upon a Time. Studies in the Humanities, 43(1). Hinson, H. (1991, November 22). 'Beauty and the Beast'. The Washington Post. Retrieved January 28, 2022, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/beautyandthebeastghinson_a0a71b.htmJeffords, S. (1995). The curse of masculinity: Disney's Beauty and the Beast. In Bell, E., Haas, L., & Sells, L. (Eds.), Mouse to Mermaid: The Politics of Film, Gender, and Culture (pp. 161-173). Indiana University Press.Logan, M. H. (2018). Stockholm Syndrome: Held hostage by the one you love. Violence and Gender, 5(2), 67-69. https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2017.0076Maas, M. K., & Bonomi, A. E. (2021). Love hurts? Identifying abuse in the virgin-beast trope of popular romantic fiction. Journal of Family Violence, 36, 511-522. Magnus, L. (2017), Beauty and the Beast – All four versions. Lulu Press, Inc.MWH1980. (2016, December 6). Audio Commentary Commentation: Beauty and the Beast (1991) | The Entertainment Nut. The Entertainment Nut. Retrieved February 2, 2022, from https://theentertainmentnut.wordpress.com/2016/12/06/audio-commentary-commentation-beauty-and-the-beast-1991/Ness, M. (2016, January 14). A Return to the Glory Days: Disney's Beauty and the Beast. Tor.com. Retrieved January 23, 2022, from https://www.tor.com/2016/01/14/a-return-to-the-glory-days-disneys-beauty-and-the-beast/Olson, K. M. (2013). An epideictic dimension of symbolic violence in Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Inter-generational lessons in romanticizing and tolerating intimate partner violence. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 99(4), 448-480, DOI: 10.1080/00335630.2013.835491 Schwartz, D. (2017, March 24). How 'Beauty and the Beast' Became a Heartbreaking Metaphor for AIDS. Observer. Retrieved February 5, 2022, from https://observer.com/2017/03/beauty-and-the-beast-metaphor-aids-howard-ashman/Smith, K. E. (2018). ‘It's a Pity and a Sin': Images of Disability, Trauma and Subverted Power in Disney's Beauty and the Beast. Word and Text: A Journal of Literary Studies and Linguistics, 8, 111-128.Steeves, H. P. (2005). Yep, Gaston's gay: Disney and the beauty of beastly love. Popular Culture Review, 16(1), 125-145. Sumera, L. (2008). The mask of beauty: Masquerade theory and Disney's Beauty and the Beast. Quarterly Review of Film and Video, 26(1), 40-46. DOI: 10.1080/10509200600701156Swan, S. S. (1999). Gothic drama in Disney's Beauty and the Beast: Subverting traditional romance by transcending the animal‐human paradox. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 16(3), 350-369. DOI: 10.1080/15295039909367100Trousdale, G., & Wise, K.. (Directors). (1991). Beauty and the Beast [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.Walker, L. E. (1979) The Battered Woman. Harper and Row.Warner, M. (1995).  From the beast to the blonde: On fairy tales and their tellers. Vintage.

Episode SummaryErin and Rachel travel to the (problematically) imaginary land of Agrabah to discuss Aladdin (1992), debating whether this film can overcome its staggering orientalism to be the diamond in the rough we'd all like it to be. Highlights include Robin Williams, Howard Ashman, and Ottoman Empire fashion. Episode BibliographyAddison, E. (1993). Saving other women from other men: Disney's Aladdin. Camera Obscura: Feminism, Culture, and Media Studies, 11(31), 4–25.Aladdin. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved April 9, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AladdinAladdin (1992 Disney film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved April 9, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aladdin_(1992_Disney_film)Ant, C. (2015, October 23). The Definitive Guide to Aladdin's Genie Impressions. Laser Time. Retrieved April 11, 2022, from http://www.lasertimepodcast.com/2015/10/23/the-definitive-guide-to-aladdins-genie-impressions/Artz, L. (2004). The righteousness of self-centered royals: The world according to Disney animation. Critical Arts, 18(1), 116-146. doi: 10.1080/02560240485310071BBC. (2019, October 25). Iran cuts off man's fingers for theft. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50179741Bell, E. (1995). From mouse to mermaid: The politics of film, gender, and culture. Indiana University Press. Bourenane, A. (2020).  Authenticity and discourses in Aladdin (1992). Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, 13(2), 235–250. doi: https://doi.org/10.1386/jammr_00021_1Bowen, S. (2017, November 13). Yes, Aladdin is still racist. Refinery29. https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2017/11/180902/aladdin-racist-disney-movieBrockington, A. (2019, May 24). Aladdin's Agrabah is based on many places, & that's kind of the issue. Refinery29. https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2019/05/233405/where-does-aladdin-take-place-agrabah-real-locationBuchanan, R. T. (2015, October 17). Peddler at beginning of Aladdin is the Genie, directors finally confirm. The Independent. Retrieved April 9, 2022, from https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/peddler-at-beginning-of-aladdin-is-the-genie-directors-finally-confirm-a6697826.htmlClements, R., & Musker, J. (Directors). (1992). Aladdin. Walt Disney Pictures.Daly, S. (1992, December 4). Disney's Got a Brand-New Baghdad. EW.com. Retrieved April 10, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20121019090423/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,312562,00.htmlDavis, A. M. (2007). Good girls and wicked witches: Women in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.Davis, A. M. (2014). Handsome heroes and vile villains: Men in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company, Limited. Dudley, S. (2018, March 9). A Diamond in the Rough: The Making of Aladdin (Full Documentary). YouTube. Retrieved April 10, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=afqrFqn7PJgEbert, R. (1992, November 25). Aladdin movie review & film summary (1992). Roger Ebert. Retrieved April 11, 2022, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/aladdin-1992Feminism and Media — is aladdin as racist as the gerudos? (2019, April 11). Feminism and Media by feminismandmedia. Retrieved April 15, 2022, from https://feminismandmedia.tumblr.com/post/184122748699/is-aladdin-as-racist-as-the-gerudosFisher, M. (2012, April 25). The real roots of sexism in the Middle East (it's not Islam, race, or ‘hate'). The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/04/the-real-roots-of-sexism-in-the-middle-east-its-not-islam-race-or-hate/256362/Fox, D. J. (1993, April 21). 'Aladdin' Becomes a $200-Million Genie for Disney : Movies: Studio's all-time top-grosser is the first animated feature to reach the box office milestone. And in its 23rd week of release, there still is no end in sight. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 11, 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-04-21-ca-25327-story.htmlGamm, N. (2014, June 28). Crime and punishment: The Ottoman legal system. Hürriyet Daily News. https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/crime-and-punishment-the-ottoman-legal-system-68371Gillespie, S. A. (2012, February 21). John Musker Question Countdown - Number 9 — Howard Ashman. Howard Ashman. Retrieved April 12, 2022, from https://www.howardashman.com/blog/john-musker-question-countdown-number-9/Glamour. (2019, December 10). Historian fact checks Aladdin's wardrobe [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CUg424lmG4Infidel Definition & Meaning. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster. Retrieved April 29, 2022, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/infidelIran cuts off man's fingers for theft. (2019, October 25). BBC. Retrieved April 29, 2022, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50179741Johnson, Z. (2015, October 15). Disney Myths Debunked by Ron Clements and John Musker, Directors of The Little Mermaid, Aladdin and Hercules. E! Online. Retrieved April 12, 2022, from https://www.eonline.com/news/706200/disney-myths-debunked-by-ron-clements-and-john-musker-directors-of-the-little-mermaid-aladdin-and-herculesKerboua, S. (2016). From Orientalism to neo-Orientalism: Early and contemporary constructions of Islam and the Muslim world. Intellectual Discourse, 24(1), 7-34.Marielle, A. (2018, September 28). It's a Small and Historically Inaccurate World – The Daily Utah Chronicle. The Daily Utah Chronicle. Retrieved April 14, 2022, from https://dailyutahchronicle.com/2018/09/28/disney-films-are-an-introduction-to-culture-not-a-history-lesson/Meslow, S. (2011, October 28). How Celebrities Took Over Cartoon Voice Acting. The Atlantic. Retrieved April 11, 2022, from https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2011/10/how-celebrities-took-over-cartoon-voice-acting/247481/Mikkelson, D. (2000, April 24). Did Aladdin Ask Teenagers to Take Off Their Clothes? Snopes. Retrieved April 11, 2022, from https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/take-off-your-clothes/Ness, M. (2016, January 21). Fairy Tale and the Other Realm as Social Commentary: “Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp”. Tor.com. Retrieved April 29, 2022, from https://www.tor.com/2016/01/21/fairy-tale-and-the-other-realm-as-social-commentary-aladdin-and-the-wonderful-lamp/Ness, M. (2016, January 28). I Could Show You the World, But I Won't: Disney's Aladdin. Tor.com. Retrieved April 12, 2022, from https://www.tor.com/2016/01/28/i-could-show-you-the-world-but-i-wont-disneys-aladdin/One Thousand and One Nights. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved April 9, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Thousand_and_One_NightsPeirce, L. P. (1994). The imperial harem: Women and sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press.Petsko, E. (2019, February 22). The Reason Why the Genie From Aladdin Is Blue. Mental Floss. Retrieved April 9, 2022, from https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/574852/why-aladdin-genie-is-blueRahayu, M., Abdullah, I., & Udasmoro, W. (2015). ‘Aladdin' from Arabian Nights to Disney: The change of discourse and ideology. Lingua, 17(1), 24–34.Roberge, C. (1993, January 6). Aladdin animator used subtlety to design strong villain - The Tech. The Tech (MIT). Retrieved April 12, 2022, from http://tech.mit.edu/V112/N64/aladdin.64a.htmlSaid, E. W. (1979). Orientalism. Vintage.Shaheen, J. (1993). Aladdin Animated Racism. Cinéaste, 20(1), 49. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41687300Travers, P. (2000, December 8). Aladdin. Rolling Stone. Retrieved April 11, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20080618163432/http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/movie/5947957/review/5947958/aladdinWeisman, A. (2014, November 19). Robin Williams Disney Feud Led to Picasso Gift. Business Insider. Retrieved April 10, 2022, from https://www.businessinsider.com/robin-williams-disney-feud-picasso-gift-2014-11Wiggin, K. D., & Smith, N. A. (2018). The Arabian nights: Their best-known tales. Lerner Publishing Group. Wingfield, M., & Karaman, B. (1995, March). Arab Stereotypes and American Educators. ADC.org. Retrieved April 12, 2022, from https://www.adc.org/arab-stereotypes-and-american-educators/Yelenosky, J. (2016, April 15). Aladdin Informed Persuasion. faithrhetoric1030006. Retrieved April 12, 2022, from https://faithrhetoric1030006.wordpress.com/2016/04/15/aladdin-informed-persuasion/Ziebarth, C. (2005, April 23). Aladdin: Crew Reunion – Animated Views. Animated Views. Retrieved April 29, 2022, from https://animatedviews.com/2005/aladdin-crew-reunion/

Episode SummaryAnother critical and commercial success of the Disney Renaissance, The Lion King (1994) was a beast at the box office and on home video. It was also the first animated Disney animated film set in Africa. Despite (relatively) diverse casting and the incorporation of authentic African music, there's still plenty of racism to discuss, with some homophobia and questionable political commentary thrown in! Episode BibliographyBBC NEWS | Entertainment | Disney settles Lion song dispute. (2006, February 16). BBC News. Retrieved May 14, 2022, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4721564.stmBradley, B. (2015, January 27). Was 'The Lion King' Copied From A Japanese Cartoon? Here's The Real Story. HuffPost. Retrieved May 15, 2022, from https://www.huffpost.com/entry/lion-king-kimba_n_6272316Carter Jackson, K. (2019, July 17). The true story behind ‘The Lion King.' The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/07/17/true-story-behind-lion-king/Červinka, P. (2015, April 24). The Making of The Lion King. YouTube. Retrieved May 21, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFL5xbxc0AYDaly, S. (1994, July 8). Mane Attraction. Entertainment Weekly, (230). https://web.archive.org/web/20140904092026/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,302837,00.htmlDeneroff, H., & Ladd, F. (2009). Footnote to History: Kimba versus Simba - The Uproar. In Astro Boy and Anime Come to the Americas: An Insider's View of the Birth of a Pop Culture Phenomenon (pp. 62-64). McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers.Denham, H. (2019, July 26). Lion King: There's a 25-year-old intellectual property dispute surrounding the Disney film. The Washington Post. Retrieved May 16, 2022, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/07/26/lion-king-has-been-clouded-by-intellectual-property-controversy-years-heres-story-behind-it/Ebert, R. (1994, June 24). The Lion King movie review & film summary (1994). Roger Ebert. Retrieved May 15, 2022, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-lion-king-1994Elahi, B. (2001). Pride Lands: The Lion King, Proposition 187, and White Resentment. Arizona Quarterly: A Journal of American Literature, Culture, and Theory, 57(3), 121-152. doi: 0.1353/arq.2001.0001Fallon, K. (2014, June 24). 'The Lion King' Turns 20: Every Crazy, Weird Fact About the Disney Classic. The Daily Beast. Retrieved May 28, 2022, from https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-lion-king-turns-20-every-crazy-weird-fact-about-the-disney-classicGavin, R.  (1996). "The Lion King" and "Hamlet": A homecoming for the exiled child. The Universe of Literature, 85(3), 55-57. Giddings, S. (1999). The circle of life: Nature and representation in Disney's The Lion King. Third Text, 49, 83-92. doi: 10.1080/09528829908576825Giles Coren, G. (1994, July 20). Disney's Heart of Darkness. The Times, 12.Gooding-Williams, R.  (1995). Disney in Africa and the inner city: On race and space in The Lion King. Social Identities, 1(2).Hahn, D. (Director). (2011). The Lion King A Memoir Don Hahn [Film]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KoaPT4ijS-UHinson, H. (1994, June 24). WashingtonPost.com: 'The Lion King'. The Washington Post. Retrieved May 14, 2022, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/review96/lionkinghin.htmJapanese animator protests 'Lion King'. (1994, August 18). UPI.com. Retrieved May 15, 2022, from https://www.upi.com/Archives/1994/08/18/Japanese-animator-protests-Lion-King/4250777182400/Klass, P. (1994, June 19). A ‘Bambi' for the 90's, via Shakespeare. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/19/movies/film-view-a-bambi-for-the-90-s-via-shakespeare.htmlKelts, R. (2007). Japanamerica: How Japanese Pop Culture Has Invaded the U.S. St. Martin's Publishing Group.King, S. (2011, September 15). A 'Lion's' Tale. Los Angeles Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20111024102445/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/sep/15/entertainment/la-et-lion-king-20110915Knolle, S. (2014, June 14). 'The Lion King': 20 Things You Didn't Know About the Disney Classic. Moviefone. Retrieved May 14, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20140617142313/http://news.moviefone.com/2014/06/14/lion-king-facts/Kring, J. (2019, July 19). How the Original 'Lion King' Came to Life. The Ringer. Retrieved May 15, 2022, from https://www.theringer.com/movies/2019/7/19/20699678/the-lion-king-original-animation-1994The Lion King. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved May 14, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lion_KingThe Lion King. (2000, December 8). Rolling Stone. https://web.archive.org/web/20080429201931/http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/movie/5947315/review/5947316/the_lion_kingThe Lion King (1994). (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved May 14, 2022, from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0110357/The Lion King (1994). (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved May 15, 2022, from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0110357/?ref_=bo_se_r_1Maslin, J. (1994, June 15). Review/Film; The Hero Within The Child Within. The New York Times. Retrieved May 25, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/15/movies/review-film-the-hero-within-the-child-within.htmlMasters, K. (2014, April 9). The Epic Disney Blow-Up of 1994: Eisner, Katzenberg and Ovitz 20 Years Later. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 17, 2022, from https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/epic-disney-blow-up-1994-694476/Mikkelson, D. (1996, December 31). Is the Word 'Sex' Hidden in 'The Lion King'? Snopes.com. Retrieved May 16, 2022, from https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/the-lion-king/Minkoff, R., & Allers, R. (Directors). (1994). The Lion King [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.Morton, J. (1996). Simba's revolution: Revisiting history and class in The Lion King. Social Identities, 2(2).Movieclips. (2016, August 16). In the Heat of the Night (4/10) Movie CLIP - They Call Me Mr. Tibbs (1967) HD. YouTube. Retrieved May 25, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6n8VyqaCQ4Orenstein, N. (2014, September 15). Berkeley's colony of spotted hyenas closes after 30 years. Berkeleyside. Retrieved May 16, 2022, from https://www.berkeleyside.org/2014/09/15/berkeleys-captive-colony-of-spotted-hyenas-closes-after-30-years?doing_wp_cron=1652051660.0969309806823730468750Rachele. (n.d.). "The Lion King," - an adult film? ENG 1131 Shakespeare Through Media. Retrieved May 25, 2022, from http://plaza.ufl.edu/r.harvey/finalpaper.htmlRicker, A.  (1996). The Lion King animated storybook: A case study of aesthetic and economic power. Critical Arts, 10(1).Rob Minkoff. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved May 17, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_MinkoffRoth, M. (1996, March). The Lion King A short history of Disney-fascism. Jump Cut, (40), 15-20. http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/onlinessays/JC40folder/LionKing.htmlRoth, M. (2005). Man is in the Forest: Humans and Nature in Bambi and The Lion King. Invisible Culture: An Electronic Journal for Visual Culture, (9). Retrieved May 22, 2022, from https://www.rochester.edu/in_visible_culture/Issue_9/roth.htmlSiskel, G., & Ebert, R. (2019, February 22). Speed, The Lion King, The Endless Summer II, City Slickers II: The Legend of Curly's Gold, 1994 – Siskel and Ebert Movie Reviews. Siskel and Ebert Movie Reviews. Retrieved May 16, 2022, from https://siskelebert.org/?p=5412Stenberg, D. (1996). The circle of life and the chain of being: Shakespearean motifs in “The Lion King.” Shakespeare Bulletin, 14(2), 36-37.Strzelczyk, F.  (2008). Fascism and family entertainment. Quarterly Review of Film and Video, 25(3), 196-211. doi: 10.1080/10509200601091433Takeuchi, H. (n.d.). Kimba the White Lion. Wikipedia. Retrieved May 16, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimba_the_White_LionTLKCoL. (2017, March 24). Pride of The Lion King | Behind the Scenes Documentary (Making of). YouTube. Retrieved May 21, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bLD2gZhmoUVisram, T. (2019, July 19). Disney replaced the first Lion King's racist hyenas. Fast Company. Retrieved May 22, 2022, from https://www.fastcompany.com/90379067/critics-said-the-first-lion-kings-hyenas-were-problematic-disney-revamped-themWard, A. R.  (1996). The Lion King's mythic narrative. Journal of Popular Film & Television, 23(4).Willman, C. (1994, May 15). SUMMER SNEAKS '94 : You Can't Hide His Lion Eyes : It's no coincidence that Disney's latest jungle villain bears a wicked resemblance to Jeremy Irons; just ask the animator. Los Angeles Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20141109000340/http://articles.latimes.com/1994-05-15/entertainment/ca-57883_1_jeremy-ironsWong, V.  (1999). Deconstructing Walt Disney's “The Lion King.” Kinema: A Journal for Film and Audiovisual Media, 1-7. doi: 10.15353/kinema.vi.895Thanks to Katie Seelen for her research assistance. 

Episode SummaryIn pursuit of another Oscar-worthy animated feature, Disney chose a culturally significant protagonist and pumped up the romance for Pocahontas (1995).  Unsurprisingly, good intentions didn't prevent a group of white men from creating a hugely problematic film, rife with gross historical inaccuracies, racism, and misogyny! Pocahontas underperformed at the box office, and the only Oscar went to Alan Menken and Stephen Schwartz for best original song.Episode BibliographyAleiss, A. (1995, June 24). Maidens of Hollywood: Pocahontas is the pure expression of filmmakers' fantasies about Indian women. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-06-24-me-16519-story.htmlAllen, B. (2013). Female leadership in Powhatan Indian tribes: Changes from first contact with the Europeans to the present day [Poster presentation]. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1012&context=urespostersBodenner, C. (2015, June 30). Does Disney's Pocahontas do more harm than good? Your thoughts. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/06/pocahontas-feminism/397190/Bradley, D. (1995, June 23). Disney gives Pocahontas sexiest cartoon image ever. The Free Lance-Star, 26.Červinka, P. (2015, April 21). The making of Pocahontas — A legend comes to life. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJApIC4BIhMChief Roy Crazy Horse. (n.d.). The Pocahontas Myth. Powhatan.org. Retrieved June 15, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20131024050146/http://powhatan.org/pocc.htmlChief Seattle Speech – The Suquamish Tribe. (n.d.). The Suquamish Tribe. https://suquamish.nsn.us/home/about-us/chief-seattle-speech/Cochran, J. (1995, June 16). Pocahontas needed an ethnic look. Entertainment Weekly. https://ew.com/article/1995/06/16/pocahontas-needed-ethnic-look/Custalow, L. L., & Daniel, A.L. (2016). The true story of Pocahontas: The other side of history. Fulcrum Publishing. Disney Magazine: Cast and Crew Interviews. (1995, July 31). The Waterfalls: A Pocahontas site. Retrieved June 19, 2022, from https://cbl.orcein.net/pocahontas/misc/interviews.htmDundes, L. (2001). Disney's modern heroine Pocahontas: Revealing age-old gender stereotypes and role discontinuity under a facade of liberation. The Social Science Journal, 38, 353-365. Dutka, E. (1995, June 11). The Angriest Actor: Native American activist Russell Means focused his fierce will at Wounded Knee. Can a revolutionary co-exist with 'Pocahontas'? Los Angeles Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20150524095505/http://articles.latimes.com/1995-06-11/entertainment/ca-11761_1_native-americanEbert, R. (1995, June 16). Pocahontas movie review & film summary (1995). RogerEbert.com. Retrieved June 15, 2022, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/pocahontas-1995Ebert, R., & Siskel, G. (2019, January 6). Congo, The Glass Shield, Pocahontas, Fluke, 1995 – Siskel and Ebert Movie Reviews. Siskel and Ebert Movie Reviews. Retrieved June 15, 2022, from https://siskelebert.org/?p=3485Edgerton, G., & Jackson, K. M. (1996). Redesigning Pocahontas: Disney, the “White Man's Indian,” and the Marketing of Dreams. Journal of Popular Film & Television, 24(2). doi: 10.1080/01956051.1996.9943718Gilbert, S. (2015, June 23). Revisiting 'Pocahontas' at 20. The Atlantic. Retrieved June 11, 2022, from https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/06/revisiting-pocahontas/396626/Gleiberman, O. (1995, June 16). Pocahontas. Entertainment Weekly. https://ew.com/article/1995/06/16/pocahontas-4/Goldberg, E., & Gabriel, M. (1995). Pocahontas [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures. Green, R. (1975). The Pocahontas perplex: The image of Indian women in American culture. The Massachusetts Review, 16(4), 698-714. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25088595Kempley, R. (1995, June 23). 'Pocahontas': A hit or myth proposition. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/pocahontas.htm#kempleyKutsuzawa, K. (2000). Disney's Pocahontas: Reproduction of gender, Orientalism, and the strategic construction of racial harmony in the Disney empire. Asian Journal of Women's Studies, 6(4), 39-65. doi: 10.1080/12259276.2000.11665893Mallory, M. (2012, February 23). Pocahontas and The Mouse's Gong Show. Animation Magazine. https://www.animationmagazine.net/top-stories/pocahontas-and-the-mouses-gong-show/Ness, M. (2016, February 18). The uneasy mix of prestige and a cute raccoon: Disney's Pocahontas. Tor.com. https://www.tor.com/2016/02/18/the-uneasy-mix-of-prestige-and-a-cute-raccoon-disneys-pocahontas/Ono, K. A., & Buescher, D. T. (2001). Deciphering Pocahontas: Unpackaging the commodification of a Native American woman. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 18(1), 23-43. doi: 10.1080/15295030109367122Pewewardy, C. (1996). The Pocahontas paradox: A cautionary tale for educators. Journal of Navajo Education, (Fall/Winter). http://www.hanksville.org/storytellers/pewe/writing/Pocahontas.htmlPocahontas (1995 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved June 5, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocahontas_(1995_film)Rickey, C. (1995, June 11). Disney takes over N.y. park for premiere of 'Pocahontas' to Many, the four-screen event was woodstock for the family. philly.com. Retrieved June 15, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20140728162302/http://articles.philly.com/1995-06-11/news/25692966_1_disney-standards-pocahontas-central-park-conservancyRickey, C. (1995, June 18). Disney's 'Pocahontas': Is it fact or fiction? What did she wear? Did she style her hair? Were she and John Smith a pair? philly.com. Retrieved June 11, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20150626153346/http://articles.philly.com/1995-06-18/entertainment/25692271_1_pocahontas-irene-bedard-powhatan-confederacyRountree, H.C. (1998).  Powhatan Indian women: The people Captain John Smith barely saw. Ethnohistory, 45(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.2307/483170Rountree, H. (2020, December 7). Marriage in Early Virginia Indian Society – Encyclopedia Virginia. Encyclopedia Virginia. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/marriage-in-early-virginia-indian-society/Sito, T. (1996). Fight to the death, but don't hurt anybody! Memories of political correctness. Animation World Network. https://www.awn.com/mag/issue1.7/articles/sito1.7.htmlSmith, J. (1624/1907). Generall historie of Virginia, New England & the Summer Isles: Together with the true travels, adventures and observations, and a sea grammar. Macmillan.Stack, P. (1995, June 18). Disney's new animated feature / Meryl who? Pocahontas has summer's steamiest romance. SFGATE. Retrieved June 11, 2022, from https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Disney-s-new-animated-feature-Meryl-Who-3030920.phpSteed, K. (2014, October 7). Interview with Glen Keane, Disney veteran and legendary animation artist (Part 1). Skwigly. Retrieved June 19, 2022, from https://www.skwigly.co.uk/glen-keane-interview/Sterbenz, C. (2014, April 5). The real story of Pocahontas is much darker than the Disney movie. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/the-real-story-of-pocahontas-2014-4Strong, P. T. (1995, June 30). Review of Pocahontas [Blog post]. Popular Culture and American Culture Associations/H-Net Discussion List.Ziebarth, C. (2005, December 19). A conversation with Eric Goldberg. Animated Views. https://animatedviews.com/2005/a-conversation-with-eric-goldberg-2/Thanks to Katie Seelen for her research assistance. 

Episode SummaryErin and Rachel travel to masculinity and beyond in their discussion of Toy Story (1995), the first feature-length entirely computer-animated film. After a thorough discussion of the history of Pixar and the technology of computer animation, the hosts delve into the world of boy toys and wrestle over the problematic representation of female and disabled characters. Content warning: Discussions of workplace harassmentEpisode BibliographyAcuna, K. (2014, September 23). Joss Whedon Rewrote 'Toy Story' Script. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/joss-whedon-cowrote-toy-story-2014-9Al-Jbouri, E., & Pomerantz, S. (2020). A New Kind of Monster, Cowboy, and Crusader? Gender Hegemony and Flows of Masculinities in Pixar Animated Films. Boyhood Studies, 13,(1), 43-63. doi: 10.3167/bhs.2020.130104Ansen, D. (1995, November 26). Disney's Digital Delight. Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/disneys-digital-delight-181300Bradley, L. (2017, November 29). “He was inappropriate with the fairies”: Details on John Lasseter's alleged misconduct. Vanity Fair. https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/john-lasseter-sexual-misconduct-pixar-fairiesEbert, R. (1995, November 22). Toy Story movie review & film summary (1995). Roger Ebert. https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/toy-story-1995Ebrahim, H. (2014). Are the "boys" at Pixar afraid of little girls?. Journal of Film and Video, 66,(3), 43-56.Gillam, K., & Wooden, S. (2008). Post-princess models of gender: The new man in Disney/Pixar. Journal of Popular Film and Television,36(1), 2-8. https://doi.org/10.3200/JPFT.36.1.2-8.Harmon, A. (1995, November 30). Like 'Toy Story,' Pixar Stock Is a Hit Its First Day on the Street. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-11-30-fi-8751-story.htmlHernandez, P. (2018, June 28). Former Pixar employee details how the company's rampant sexism went far beyond John Lasseter. The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/28/17514430/sexual-harassment-pixar-john-lasseter-cassandra-smolcic-metooHsu, J. (2012, April 3). Why “Uncanny Valley” human look-alikes put us on edge. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-uncanny-valley-human-look-alikes-put-us-on-edge/Lasseter, J. (Director). (1995). Toy story [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures. Luisi, T. (2019). Toys will be toys: gendered interaction frames in the Toy Story trilogy. Journal of Children and Media, 13(1), 20-35. DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2018.1513852Many Jony. (2017, October 24). How are Characters Animated at Pixar? - Toy Story Behind the Scenes. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5TqPl3MSSowMasters, K. (2017, November 21). John Lasseter's Pattern of Alleged Misconduct Detailed by Disney/Pixar Insiders. The Hollywood Reporter. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/john-lasseters-pattern-alleged-misconduct-detailed-by-disney-pixar-insiders-1059594/Ness, M. (2017, January 26). The Pixar Rewatch: Breaking New Ground with Toy Story. Tor.com. https://www.tor.com/2017/01/26/the-pixar-rewatch-breaking-new-ground-with-toy-story/Persons, D. (2021, November 12). How Five Seconds in Toy Story Changed Animation Forever. Tor.com. https://www.tor.com/2021/11/12/how-five-seconds-in-toy-story-changed-animation-forever/Pixar. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved August 18, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PixarScanlon, D., & Rae, K. (n.d.). Our Story. Pixar Animation Studios. https://www.pixar.com/our-story-pixarSchippers, M. (2007). Recovering the feminine other: Masculinity, femininity, and gender hegemony. Theoretical Sociology, 36(1), 85-102.Schlender, B. (2006, May 17). Pixar's magic man. CNN Money. https://money.cnn.com/2006/05/15/magazines/fortune/pixar_futureof_fortune_052906/index.htmSchlender, B., & Furth, J. (1995, September 18). Steve Jobs' Amazing Movie Adventure. CNN Business. https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1995/09/18/206099/index.htmShapiro, L. (2022, January 17). The undoing of Joss Whedon. Vulture. https://www.vulture.com/article/joss-whedon-allegations.htmlSherlock, B. (2020, January 7). Toy Story: 10 Actors Who Almost Voiced Iconic Roles. Screen Rant. https://screenrant.com/toy-story-famous-actors-almost-voiced-iconic-roles-disney-pixar/amp/Snider, B. (1995, December 1). The Toy Story Story. Wired Magazine, (3.12). https://www.wired.com/1995/12/toy-story/Three Pixar execs get special Oscars. (1996, February 1). SFGATE. https://www.sfgate.com/style/article/Three-Pixar-execs-get-special-Oscars-3152578.phpToy Story. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved August 4, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toy_StoryToy Story Archive. (2021, June 27). Filmmakers Reflect - Toy Story. YouTube.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=adAYbs3oCZIVHSfx. (2013, February 12). The Making of Toy Story - (1995). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1VdERcRJ3jIWooden, S., & Gillam, K. (2014). Pixar's boy stories: Masculinity in a postmodern age. Rowman & Littlefield.

Episode SummaryErin and Rachel spend a lot of time wringing their hands over the mature themes in The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996), Disney's animated film about a bell ringer in medieval France. The film underperformed at the box office; apparently, a children's movie about adult sexuality is a bell you can't un-ring. The depictions of disability and race induce further cringing that the dazzling music and visuals can't completely overcome. Join the party! Episode BibliographyAstier, H. (2014, February 13). France's unwanted Roma. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-25419423Bahr, S. (2021, June 22). 'The Hunchback of Notre Dame' at 25: 'The Most R-Rated G You Will Ever See'. The New York Times. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/21/movies/the-hunchback-of-notre-dame.htmlBarnes, B. (2022, June 10). After a Political Storm, Gay Days Return to Disney. The New York Times. Retrieved September 15, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/10/style/disney-gay-days.htmlBarrère, J. (2022, May 18). Victor Hugo: French writer. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Victor-Hugo/Bates, J. (1996, July 23). Quasi-Successful: Do 'Hunchback' Results Signal a Sea Change? LA Times. Retrieved September 3, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20160423120423/http://articles.latimes.com/1996-07-23/business/fi-27142_1_disney-animationBiography.com Editors. (2014, April 2). Victor Hugo Biography. Biography. https://www.biography.com/writer/victor-hugoBracken, H. (2022, September 7). The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Hunchback-of-Notre-DameBruncati, D. (2020, August 27). Every Disney Renaissance Era Film, Ranked By Budget. Screen Rant. Retrieved September 22, 2022, from https://screenrant.com/disney-renaissance-films-ranked-budget/Corliss, R. (1996, June 24). CINEMA: A GRAND CARTOON CATHEDRAL. TIME. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,984745,00.htmlCoyne, S. M., & Whitehead, E. (2008). Indirect aggression in animated Disney films. Journal of Communication, 58, 382 –395. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00390.xDavis, A. M. (2007). Good girls and wicked witches: Women in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.Davis, A. M. (2014). Handsome heroes and vile villains: Men in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.Dickerson, M. (1996, June 13). Baptist Group Rebukes Disney, Urges Boycott. Los Angeles Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20150217063632/http://articles.latimes.com/1996-06-13/news/mn-14682_1_southern-baptistDreamloverMimi. (2017, February 7). The Making of the Hunch Back of Notre Dame (1996). YouTube. Retrieved September 18, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=efEUV7cDsB0Ebert, R. (1996, June 21). The Hunchback of Notre Dame movie review (1996). RogerEbert.com. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-hunchback-of-notre-dame-1996The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. (2022, August 24). Roma. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/RomFadner, D. (1998). Disney Gets Religion. Conference: National Convention of the American Academy of Religion. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342182716_DISNEY_GETS_RELIGIONFeng, Y., & Park, J. (2015). Bad seed or good seed? A content analysis of the main antagonists in Walt Disney- and Studio Ghibli-Animated Films. Journal of Children and Media, 9(3), 368-385. doi: 10.1080/17482798.2015.1058279galaxies352. (2017, April 9). Disney Hunchback Of Notre Dame Premier Parade 6/19/96 WVUE-TV New Orleans, La. YouTube. Retrieved September 22, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_ukR__9brYGaul, L. (1996, June 14). Disney Made Effort to Follow Hugo's Novel. Beaver County Times. https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2002&dat=19960614&id=NBsvAAAAIBAJ&pg=3659,3055615Gerard, J. (1996, June 17). The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Variety. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://variety.com/1996/film/reviews/the-hunchback-of-notre-dame-4-1200446001/Graham, J. A., Yuhas, H., & Roman, J. L. (2018). Death and coping mechanisms in animated Disney movies: A content analysis of Disney films (1937–2003) and Disney/Pixar films (2003–2016). Social Sciences, 7, 199-213. doi: 10.3390/socsci7100199The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre_Dame_(1996_film)Lacroix, C.  (2004). Images of animated others: The orientalization of Disney's cartoon heroines from The Little Mermaid to The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Popular Communication, 2(4), 213-229.Lavender, N. (2021, November 16). The Untold Truth Of Disney's The Hunchback Of Notre Dame. Looper. Retrieved September 3, 2022, from https://www.looper.com/459159/the-untold-truth-of-disneys-the-hunchback-of-notre-dame/Maslin, J. (1996, June 21). FILM REVIEW;The Dancing Gargoyles Romp and Wisecrack. The New York Times. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/21/movies/film-review-the-dancing-gargoyles-romp-and-wisecrack.htmlMcCullough, D. (1994, October 8). DISMISSAL STUNS MAGIC KINGDOM. Deseret News. Retrieved August 30, 2022, from https://www.deseret.com/1994/10/9/19135475/dismissal-stuns-magic-kingdomMcGill, C. M. (2018). "This burning desire is turning me to sin": The intrapersonal sexual struggles of two Disney singing villains. Queer Studies in Media & Popular Culture, 3(1), 27-49. doi: 10.1386/qsmpc.3.1.27_1Ness, M. (2016, March 3). When Gargoyles Interrupt Your High Concept Film: Disney's The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Tor.com. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://www.tor.com/2016/03/03/when-gargoyles-interrupt-your-high-concept-film-disneys-the-hunchback-of-notre-dame/Norman, F. (2008, November 11). Toon Tuesday: Looking Back on Disney's "The Hunchback of Notre Dame” - Part Un. Jim Hill Media. Retrieved September 15, 2022, from https://jimhillmedia.com/toon-tuesday-looking-back-on-disneys-the-hunchback-of-notre-dame-part-un/Norman, F. (2011, November 18). Toon Tuesday: Looking Back on Disney's "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" - Part Deux. Jim Hill Media. Retrieved September 15, 2022, from https://jimhillmedia.com/toon-tuesday-looking-back-on-disneys-the-hunchback-of-notre-dame-part-deux/Pavlovic, D. (2019, May 23). Romani or Gypsies? TEDxBocconiU. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTlQMOdeW_8Pinskey, M. I. (1996, July 27). Hunchback Finds Favor with Activists. Herald Journal, B10.Pinskey, M. I. (2004). The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996): The House of the Lord. In The Gospel According to Disney (pp. 167-174). Westminster John Knox Press. https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Gospel_According_to_Disney/YGtbYTyulb4C?hl=en&gbpv=0The Pope meets the press: Media coverage of the clergy abuse scandal. (2010, June 11). Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2010/06/11/the-pope-meets-the-press-media-coverage-of-the-clergy-abuse-scandal/Rauzi, R. (1996, June 24). Children Seem Unfazed by 'Hunchback' Themes. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-06-24-ca-18114-story.htmlSpiegel, J. (2021, June 21). 'The Hunchback Of Notre Dame' At 25: An Oral History Of Disney's Darkest Animated Classic. Slash Film. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://www.slashfilm.com/581592/hunchback-of-notre-dame-oral-history/Strauss, B. (1996, June 23). Courting Controversy? Disney's Newest Animated Feature, 'Hunchback Of Notre Dame,' Takes On Sensitive Adult Issues. The Spokesman-Review. Retrieved September 15, 2022, from https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1996/jun/23/courting-controversy-disneys-newest-animated/Swardson, A. (1997, January 2). Quelle Horreur! French Give Thumbs-Up To Disney's `Hunchback'. The Seattle Times. Retrieved September 5, 2022, from https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=19970102&slug=2516743Thompson, A., & Karger, D. (1996, June 21). Disney's ''Hunchback'' has murder, lust, and corruption. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 3, 2022, from https://ew.com/article/1996/06/21/disneys-hunchback-has-murder-lust-and-corruption/Thompson, A., & Karger, D. (1996, June 21). Playing a Hunch. Entertainment Weekly. https://web.archive.org/web/20141205135730/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,293046,00.htmlTowbin, M. A., Haddock, S. A., Zimmerman, Z. S., Lund, L. K., & Tanner, L. R.  (2003). Images of Gender, Race, Age, and Sexual Orientation in Disney Feature-Length Animated Films. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 15(4), 19-44. doi: 10.1300/J086v15n04_02Trousdale, G., & Wise, K. (Directors). (1996). The Hunchback of Notre Dame [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.Ward, A.R. (2002). Mouse morality: The rhetoric of Disney animated film. University of Texas Press.Whitney, C. R. (1997, January 5). A Disney Cartoon Becomes a Morality Play for Paris. The New York Times. Retrieved September 3, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/05/world/a-disney-cartoon-becomes-a-morality-play-for-paris.html

Episode SummaryUnlike its eponymous protagonist, Hercules (1997) is more “zero” than “hero.” Erin and Rachel discuss the film's rampant misogyny and obnoxious product placement. Compelling vocal performances and soaring musical numbers–the last of Alan Menken's contributions during the Disney Renaissance–can't rescue this box office disappointment from the River of Death. Much like Achilles, it just doesn't go the distance. Episode BibliographyCallaway, T. (2012, August 1). Susan Egan: Belle, Meg, Glamour and Goop - Part 2. The Mouse Castle. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from http://www.themousecastle.com/2012/08/susan-egan-belle-meg-glamour-and-goop.htmlClements, R., & Musker, J. (Directors). (1997). Hercules  [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.Crouch, L. (1997, February 13). Disney Promotional Tour A Herculean Undertaking. Sun Sentinel. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063452/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1997-02-13/news/9702120413_1_hera-movie-animatorDiSessa, K. J. (2020, November 24). The Illusion of Empowerment: A Feminist Analysis of Disney's "Hercules". Inquiries Journal. Retrieved October 22, 2022, from http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1842/the-illusion-of-empowerment-a-feminist-analysis-of-disneys-herculesDiuguid, C. (1997, June 16). Herculean block party. Variety. Retrieved October 13, 2022, from https://variety.com/1997/scene/vpage/herculean-block-party-1116679409/Dreher, R. (1997, June 22). 'Hercules' Is A Bit Hipper This Time Out. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130239/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1997-06-22/entertainment/9706201020_1_hercules-john-musker-scarfeGillespie, S. A. (2012, May 7). John Musker Question Countdown #3 — Howard Ashman. Howard Ashman. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://www.howardashman.com/blog/john-musker-question-countdown-3/The Great Greek Hero. (1997, November 9). The Sunday Times On The Web - Mirror Magazine. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://www.sundaytimes.lk/971109/mirror2.htmlHartl, J. (1997, June 22). Disney's `Hercules' Plays Up The Comic Side Of An Epic Tale -- Missing From The Disney Treatment Of The Hercules Story Will Be Some Darker Details Of His Life, Including His Illegitimate Birth. The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=19970622&slug=2545749Hercules (1997 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercules_(1997_film)Hill, J. (2001, April 5). Part Four: Who the hell do we get to play Hades? Laughing Place. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://www.laughingplace.com/w/leg/?legacyasppage=w/News-PID115030-115034.aspHill, J. (2012, October 19). Disney favorite Susan Egan to perform this Sunday afternoon at LBCC's Music Scholarship Gala Concert. Jim Hill Media. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://jimhillmedia.com/disney-favorite-susan-egan-to-perform-this-sunday-afternoon-at-lbccs-music-scholarship-gala-concert/Howe, D. (1997, June 27). Disney's Myth Conception. The Washington Post. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/review97/herculeshowe.htmJohnson, T. (1997, February 5). ‘Hercules' hangs out at the malls. Variety. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://variety.com/1997/scene/vpage/hercules-hangs-out-at-the-malls-1117435863/Kempley, R. (1997, June 27). Disney's 'Hercules': Myth for the Masses. The Washington Post. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/review97/herculeskemp.htmKlady, L. (1997, June 16). Hercules. Variety. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/hercules-2-1200450181/Maslin, J. (1997, June 13). Oh, Heavens! What a Hero! The New York Times. Retrieved October 13, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/13/movies/oh-heavens-what-a-hero.htmlNess, M. (2016, March 17). I Can Go the Merchandising Route: Disney's Hercules. Tor.com. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://www.tor.com/2016/03/17/i-can-go-the-merchandising-route-disneys-hercules/Primo, C. (2018, November 16). Balancing Gender and Power: How Disney's Hercules Fails to Go the Distance. MDPI. Retrieved October 22, 2022, from https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/7/11/240/htmRanieri, N. (2015, May 9). We Don't Know Jack. Ghost archive. Retrieved October 23, 2022, from https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/448057295246344/982460605139341Ranieri, N. (2015, May 23). In Search of Hades. Ghost archive. Retrieved October 23, 2022, from https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/448057295246344/988317501220318Rickey, C. (1997, June 22). Hercules, The Original Superhero He's A Myth Who's Hard To Miss, Starring On Tv And In A New Film. The Latter, By Disney, Cleans Up His Story Considerably. Philly.com. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071845/http://articles.philly.com/1997-06-22/entertainment/25525365_1_zeus-alcmene-hercsRizzo, F. (1997, June 16). HERCULES GETS A MAKEOVER – Hartford Courant. Hartford Courant. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-xpm-1997-06-17-9706170026-story.htmlScherer, R. (1997, June 13). Disney's Herculean Feat: Stopping New York Traffic For Movie Premiere Parade. Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved October 13, 2022, from https://www.csmonitor.com/1997/0613/061397.us.us.5.htmlSiskel, G. (1997, June 19). NO. 4 `BATMAN' STRIKES OUT – Chicago Tribune. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 13, 2022, from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-06-20-9706200276-story.htmlSmith, J. L., & Byrne, C. (1997, October 9). Greeks put Disney's 'Hercules' on trial. The Nation, C1.Smith, S. (1997, June 26). The Soul of 'Hercules'. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-06-26-ca-6922-story.htmlTuran, K. (1997, June 25). 'Hercules' is not your professor's version of the tale, but it is another triumph from Disney animation and quip masters. : Didja Ever Hear the Myth About. . . ? Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-06-25-ca-6546-story.htmlVHS BTS. (2019, February 8). Zero to Hero: the Making of Hercules. YouTube. Retrieved October 16, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MP2d-gKAyGU

Episode SummaryErin and Rachel explore the mess of gender and culture in Mulan (1998), Disney's adaptation of an ancient Chinese legend. The plucky heroine promotes the “Girl Power” feminism that has fueled the female protagonists of most Disney Renaissance films, but does so in a way that manages to completely misrepresent Chinese culture and values. Spoiler alert: Chinese audiences did not love this movie. Episode BibliographyAbbott, J. (1998, June 21). FLORIDA ANIMATION STUDIO COMES OF AGE WITH MULAN. The Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved December 1, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20181119022905/https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1998-06-21-9806190194-story.htmlBancroft, T., & Cook, B. (Directors). (1998). Mulan [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.Červinka, P. (2015, April 21). The Making of Mulan. YouTube. Retrieved December 6, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zHSJBwhuUkChen, R., Chen, Z., & Yang, Y. (2021). The creation and operation strategy of Disney's Mulan: Cultural appropriation and cultural discount. Sustainability, 13(5), doi: 10.3390/su13052751Davis, A. M. (2007). Good girls and wicked witches: Women in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.Davis, A. M. (2014). Handsome heroes and vile villains: Men in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.Dong, L. (2010). Mulan's legend and legacy in China and the United States. Temple University Press. Ebert, R. (1998, June 19). Mulan movie review & film summary (1998). Roger Ebert. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/mulan-1998Elise. (2019). Who made the Universal Studios theme music? Quora. Retrieved December 15, 2022, from https://www.quora.com/Who-made-the-Universal-Studios-theme-musicEller, C. (1998, June 12). Bridled Optimism. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 21, 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jun-12-fi-59077-story.htmlEngland, D. E., Descartes, L., & Collier-Meek, M. A. (2011). Gender role portrayal and the Disney princesses. Sex Roles, 64, 555-567. doi: 10.1007/s11199-011-9930-7Failes, I. (2020, September 26). The CG side of the animated 'Mulan'. befores & afters. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://beforesandafters.com/2020/09/26/the-cg-side-of-the-animated-mulan/Fleeman, M. (1998, July 12). World Tibet Network News: Hollywood hopes more movies will follow Clinton to China. Canada Tibet Committee. Retrieved November 21, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20110705114829/http://www.tibet.ca/en/newsroom/wtn/archive/old?y=1998&m=7&p=12_2Gleiberman, O. (1998, June 19). Mulan | EW.com. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from https://ew.com/article/1998/06/19/mulan-3/Grady, C. (2020, September 4). The history of Mulan, from a 6th-century ballad to the live-action Disney movie. Vox. https://www.vox.com/culture/21412785/mulan-history-original-chinese-ballad-disneyHaynes, S. (2020, September 4). The controversial origins of the story behind Mulan. TIME. https://time.com/5881064/mulan-real-history/Heritage Learning- Kallispell, MT. (2016, November 2). Fa Mulan. YouTube. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PsaE6CgW4UkHoffmann, E. S. (2019). Diversity dissected: Intersectional socialization in Disney's Aladdin, Mulan, and The Princess and the Frog. Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English, 5, 60-126.King, S. (1998, June 25). Fa, a Long Long Way to Come. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 1, 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jun-25-ca-63261-story.htmlKung, J. (2019). Disney's Mulan and unlocking queer Asian-American masculinity. sprinkle: An Undergraduate Journal of Feminist and Queer Studies, 12, 40-49. Kurtenbach, E. (1999, February 8). World Tibet Network News: China Allows Disney Film Screening. Canada Tibet Committee. Retrieved November 21, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20110610074601/http://www.tibet.ca/en/newsroom/wtn/archive/old?y=1999&m=2&p=8_5Kurtti, J. (2020). The Art of Mulan: A Disney Editions Classic. Disney Editions.Labi, N. (1998, June 29). Girl Power. TIME. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20080415124047/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,988643-1,00.htmlLabi, N. (2001, June 24). Girl Power. TIME. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,139472,00.htmlLando, J. (1999, March 19). BBC News | ENTERTAINMENT | Chinese unimpressed with Disney's Mulan. BBC News Home. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/299618.stmLangfitt, F. (1999, May 3). Disney magic fails 'Mulan' in China. Baltimore Sun. Retrieved November 21, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20140224180211/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1999-05-03/features/9905030250_1_disney-s-mulan-sui-dynasty-chineseMartin, S. K. (2013, March 12). Tony Bancroft on 'Mulan': 'I Want to Bring Christian-Based Values to All My Work'. Christian Post. Retrieved November 27, 2022, from https://www.christianpost.com/news/tony-bancroft-on-mulan-i-want-to-bring-christian-based-values-to-all-my-work-90987/Maslin, J. (1998, June 19). FILM REVIEW; A Warrior, She Takes on Huns and Stereotypes (Published 1998). The New York Times. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/19/movies/film-review-a-warrior-she-takes-on-huns-and-stereotypes.htmlMulan. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 15, 2022, from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3664086529/weekend/Mulan (1998) - Full Cast & Crew. (n.d.). IMDb. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120762/fullcredits?ref_=tt_ov_wr_smMulan (Jerry Goldsmith). (2007, July 7). Filmtracks. Retrieved November 21, 2022, from https://www.filmtracks.com/titles/mulan.htmlNess, M. (2016, March 31). Girl Power, A Cricket, and a Dragon: Disney's Mulan. Tor.com. Retrieved November 27, 2022, from https://www.tor.com/2016/03/31/girl-power-a-cricket-and-a-dragon-disneys-mulan/Noyer, J. (n.d.). Mulan (1998 film). Wikipedia. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulan_(1998_film)Noyer, J. (2008, August 14). Tony Bancroft balances the yin and the yang in directing Mulan – Animated Views. Animated Views. Retrieved December 1, 2022, from https://animatedviews.com/2008/tony-bancroft-balances-the-yin-and-the-yang-in-directing-mulan/Romano, A. (2017, October 10). McDonald's Szechuan Sauce inspired a Rick and Morty fan meltdown. Vox. Retrieved December 16, 2022, from https://www.vox.com/culture/2017/10/10/16448816/rick-and-morty-szechuan-sauce-backlashSiskel, G. (1998, June 18). MULDER, SCULLY MAKE A GOOD TEAM – Chicago Tribune. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1998-06-19-9806190112-story.htmlTuran, K. (1998, June 19). 'Mulan': Formula With a New Flavor. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 5, 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jun-19-ca-61328-story.htmlVHS BTS. (2019, March 22). From Legend to Life The Making of Mulan. YouTube. Retrieved December 6, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUMh3si5lxsWang, Z. (2020, July 10). Cultural “Authenticity” as a Conflict-Ridden Hypotext: Mulan (1998), Mulan Joins the Army (1939), and a Millennium-Long Intertextual Metamorphosis. Arts, 9(3), 78. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/arts9030078Wang, Z. (2021, December 6). From Mulan (1998) to Mulan (2020): Disney Conventions, Cross-Cultural Feminist Intervention, and a Compromised Progress. Arts, 11(1), 5. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/arts11010005Ward, A.R. (2002). Mouse morality: The rhetoric of Disney animated film. University of Texas Press.Yin, J. (2011). Popular culture and public imaginary: Disney vs. Chinese stories of Mulan. Javnost – The Public, 18(1), 53-74.  Doi: 10.1080/13183222.2011.11009051 Zhao, X. J. (2020, October 24). Everything culturally right and wrong with Mulan 1998 [Video]. YouTube.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SHC7CnmErM

Episode SummaryDespite competing with a similar insect-themed offering from DreamWorks, Pixar's sophomore feature film, A Bug's Life (1998), earned positive reviews at the box office and solidified the reputation of the animation studio. Although misogyny, racism, and fatphobia are sprinkled throughout, Rachel eagerly celebrates this movie as a depiction of Marxist class revolution; Erin is less enthusiastic. Episode BibliographyAntz. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 2, 2023, from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120587/?ref_=bo_se_r_1Bansinath, B. (2022, November 16). All of the Allegations Against Kevin Spacey. The Cut. Retrieved January 18, 2023, from https://www.thecut.com/article/all-of-the-allegations-against-actor-kevin-spacey.htmlBrew, S. (2016, March 24). Widescreen, pan and scan, and the slow rise of letterboxing. Den of Geek. Retrieved January 21, 2023, from https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/widescreen-pan-and-scan-and-the-slow-rise-of-letterboxing/Brown, A. (2012, June 12). Ants. Why Did It Have To Be Ants?: A Bug's Life. Tor.com. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.tor.com/2012/06/12/ants-why-did-it-have-to-be-ants-a-bugs-life/A Bug's Life. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 2, 2023, from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl2420737537/A Bug's Life. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 19, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Bug%27s_Life#cite_note-PixarTouch01-6A Bug's Life (1998) - Full Cast & Crew. (n.d.). IMDb. Retrieved January 5, 2023, from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120623/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cl_smBurrows, P. (1998, November 12). ANTZ VS. BUGS: The inside story of how Dreamworks beat Pixar to the screen. Business Week. Retrieved January 2, 2023, from https://web.archive.org/web/19991128083348/http://www.businessweek.com/1998/47/b3605013.htmBurrows, P. (1998, November 13). STEVE JOBS, MOVIE MOGUL: Can he build Pixar into a major studio? Business Week. Retrieved January 2, 2023, from https://web.archive.org/web/19991128070945/http://www.businessweek.com/1998/47/b3605001.htmCarlson, W. E. (2017). 6.7 Pacific Data Images (PDI) – Computer Graphics and Computer Animation: A Retrospective Overview. The Ohio State University Pressbooks. Retrieved January 21, 2023, from https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub/graphicshistory/chapter/6-7-pacific-data-images-pdi/Caruso, S. (2022, October 6). A Timeline of Kevin Spacey's Controversies, as He Faces Sexual Assault Trial in New York City. People. Retrieved January 18, 2023, from https://people.com/tv/kevin-spacey-controversy-timeline/Clinton, P. (1998, November 20). Review: 'A Bug's Life' hits a bulls-eye. CNN. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Movies/9811/20/review.bugs.life/Corliss, R. (1998, November 30). Cinema: Bugs Funny. TIME.com. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,989666,00.htmlCuenca-Orellana, N., & López-Heredia, P. (2020). Male and female workers: Gender treatment through Pixar's films. index.comunicación, 10(1), 97-123. Davis, S. (1998, October 2). Animated Film Directors Bring Insects to Life. The Oklahoman. Retrieved January 21, 2023, from https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/1998/10/02/animated-film-directors-bring-insects-to-life/62267152007/Ebert, R. (1998, November 25). A Bug's Life movie review & film summary (1998). Roger Ebert. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/a-bugs-life-1998Failes, I. (2017, November 25). 'Geri's Game' Turns 20: Director Jan Pinkava Reflects On The Game-Changing Pixar Short. Cartoon Brew. Retrieved January 19, 2023, from https://www.cartoonbrew.com/cgi/geris-game-turns-20-director-jan-pinkava-reflects-game-changing-pixar-short-154646.htmlGleiberman, O. (1998, November 20). A Bug's Life | EW.com. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://ew.com/article/1998/11/20/bugs-life/Gomez, P. (2020, May 26). A Bug's Life is the technological marvel Pixar left behind. The A.V. Club. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.avclub.com/a-bug-s-life-is-the-technological-marvel-pixar-left-beh-1843575964Grebey, J. (2018, November 24). Why A Bug's Life Is an Underrated Pixar Classic. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/article/why-a-bugs-life-is-an-underrated-pixar-classicHunter, S. (1998, November 25). 'A Bug's Life' (G). The Washington Post. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/movies/reviews/bugslifehunter.htmIverson, J. (1999, February 14). A Bug's Life Becomes First All-Digital DVD Release. Sound & Vision. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.soundandvision.com/content/ia-bugs-lifei-becomes-first-all-digital-dvd-releaseJulie, & T.J. (2013, January 31). A Bug's Life - Director's Commentary Review. Pixar Post. Retrieved January 9, 2023, from https://pixarpost.com/2013/01/a-bugs-life-directors-commentary-review.htmlKing, S. (1999, April 22). A New Look for 'Bug'. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-apr-22-ca-29763-story.htmlLasseter, J., & Stanton, A. (Directors). (1998). A Bug's Life [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures. Marshall, A. (2022, November 16). Kevin Spacey Faces New Sexual Assault Charges in U.K. The New York Times. Retrieved January 18, 2023, from https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/16/arts/uk-kevin-spacey-sexual-assault-charges.htmlMcCarthy, T. (1998, November 29). A Bug's Life. Variety. Retrieved January 5, 2023, from https://variety.com/1998/film/reviews/a-bug-s-life-1200455803/Mulder, C. P. (2013). It's the time of your life: Marxism in animated films. Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture & Society, 25(2), 284-292. DOI: 10.1080/08935696.2012.696806Murray, R. L., & Heumann, J. K. (2011). That's all folks? Ecocritical readings of American animated features. Nebraska. Ness, M. (2017, February 23). Insects and Corporate Infighting: A Bug's Life. Tor.com. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.tor.com/2017/02/23/insects-and-corporate-infighting-a-bugs-life/Pixar. (2016, October 13). Filmmakers Round Table | A Bug's Life | Disney•Pixar. YouTube. Retrieved January 9, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yKWKasuMXtkPixar. (2023). Translucency and Subsurface Scattering. Pixar's RenderMan. Retrieved January 19, 2023, from https://renderman.pixar.com/resources/RenderMan_20/subsurface.htmlPixar Animation Studios - a bug's life. (2023). Pixar Animation Studios. Retrieved January 9, 2023, from https://www.pixar.com/feature-films/a-bugs-lifeStack, P. (1998, November 25). "Bug's" Has Legs / Cute insect adventure a visual delight. SFGATE. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Bug-s-Has-Legs-Cute-insect-adventure-a-visual-2976395.phpSubsurface scattering. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 19, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsurface_scatteringVHS BTS. (2019, March 28). Living A Bugs Life. YouTube. Retrieved January 14, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4Msedi5Ao0WAusJackBauer. (2016, March 4). A Bug's Life - Behind The Scenes (1080p). YouTube. Retrieved January 14, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHfMUZ73ybgWilmington, M. (1998, November 24). A BUG'S LIFE. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved January 7, 2023, from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1998-11-25-9811250037-story.htmlWisecrack. (2022, January 31) Antz vs. A Bug's Life: Who Loves Capitalism More?[Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCpxP51SOmE

Episode SummaryErin and Rachel swing to the end of the Disney Renaissance with their discussion of Tarzan (1999). The hosts fault the filmmakers for their choice of racist, misogynistic source material, but applaud the stunning visuals, quotable script, and catchy soundtrack. Episode BibliographyAbbott, J. (1999, June 7). A FRESH TARZAN. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-1999-06-08-9906070397-story.htmlAsclepi. (2012, June 26). The Making Of Tarzan. YouTube. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drOxNNGwop4Bruce W.... - African-American Animators - Past & Present. (n.d.). Facebook. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://m.facebook.com/211281015572088/photos/bruce-w-smith-first-african-american-supervising-animator-for-disney-he-supervis/211284832238373/Burroughs, E. R. (1914). Tarzan of the Apes. A.L. Burt & Co.Berglund, J. (1999). Write, right, white, rite: Literacy, imperialism, race, and cannibalism in Edgar Rice Burroughs Tarzan of the Apes. Studies in American Literature, 27(1), 58-64. DOI: 10.1353/saf.1999.0011Bettany, S., & Belk, R.W. (2011). Disney discourses of self and Other: animality, primitivity, modernity, and postmodernity. Consumption Markets & Culture, 14(2), 163-176. DOI: 10.1080/10253866.2011.562017Brode, D. (2006). Multiculturalism and the mouse: Race and sex in Disney entertainment. University of Texas Press. Daly, S. (2000, February 4). Tarzan. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://ew.com/article/2000/02/04/tarzan-6/Davis, A. M. (2007). Good girls and wicked witches: Women in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.Davis, A. M. (2014). Handsome heroes and vile villains: Men in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company, Limited. Ebert, R. (1999, June 18). Tarzan movie review & film summary (1999). Roger Ebert. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/tarzan-1999Eller, C. (1999, June 11). Gauging the Heat of Competition as Post-'Menace' Season Begins. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-11-fi-45276-story.htmlFafowora, O. (2017). Imagining the 'Dark Continent': Disney's Tarzan and defining the African post-colonial subject. Reinvention, 11(1).Fleeman, M. (1999, June 17). Phil Collins goes out on a limb, scores with 'Tarzan' soundrack. The Daily Gazette, C9.Jurca, C. (1996). Tarzan, Lord of the suburbs. Modern Language Quarterly, 57(3), 483. DOI: 10.1215/00267929-57-3-479.Hill, J. (2016, September 22). Would Woody Allen have been a better fit for LeFou in Disney's “Beauty and the Beast” ? HuffPost. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.huffpost.com/entry/would-woody-allen-have-been-a-better-fit-for-lefou_b_57e4499ae4b09f67131e3f40?timestamp=1474582581075Howe, D. (1999, June 18). 'Tarzan' (G). The Washington Post. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/tarzanhowe.htmLawson, T., & Ridder, K. -. (1999, June 15). `TARZAN' YELL. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1999-06-16-9906160335-story.htmlLima, K., & Buck, C. (Directors). (1999). Tarzan [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures. MacEacheran, M. (2014, March 5). Tarzan's bewitching jungle home. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20140220-tarzans-bewitching-jungle-homeMaslin, J. (1999, June 18). 'Tarzan': Monkey Business -- Rewriting the Jungle Book. The New York Times Web Archive. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/film/061899tarzan-film-review.htmlMcCarthy, T. (1999, June 7). Tarzan. Variety. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://variety.com/1999/film/reviews/tarzan-1117499855/Naughton, J. (1999, May 2). Against All Odds. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-may-02-ca-33052-story.htmlNess, M. (2016, April 14). The End of the Disney Renaissance: Tarzan. Tor.com. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://www.tor.com/2016/04/14/the-end-of-the-disney-renaissance-tarzan/Newsinger, John (1986). Lord Greystoke and darkest Africa: the politics of the Tarzan stories. Race and Class, 28(2), 61–64. DOI: 10.1177/030639688602800204Newsinger, J. (2000). Me Disney, you Tarzan. Race and Class, 42(1), 78. Noyer, J. (2008, March 21). Get Enchanted ! Chapter Six: Director Kevin Lima and exec producer Chris Chase. Animated Views. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://animatedviews.com/2008/enchanted-interviews-chapter-six-kevin-lima-and-chris-chase/Schwarzbaum, L. (1999, June 25). Tarzan. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://ew.com/article/1999/06/25/tarzan-5/Strickler, J. (1999, June 13). Tarzan swings by Disney. Star Tribune, F18.Taliaferro, J. (2002). Tarzan forever: The life of Edgar Rice Burroughs, creator of Tarzan. Simon & Schuster. Tarzan (1999 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarzan_(1999_film)Tarzan of the Apes. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved January 28, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarzan_of_the_ApesTuran, K. (1999, June 16). Vine, Woman and Song. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-16-ca-46893-story.htmlWannamaker, A., & Abate, M. A. (Eds.). (2012). Global Perspectives on Tarzan: From King of the Jungle to International Icon. Routledge.Ward, A.R. (2002). Mouse morality: The rhetoric of Disney animated film. University of Texas Press.Weeks, J. (1999, June 27). Tarzan and the race card: The ape-man's creator might have believed in white superiority, but the new Disney film goes out of its way to avoid the black and white issues. The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved from https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1999-06-27-9906280262-story.htmlWhitley, D. (2012). The idea of nature in Disney animation: From Snow White to WALL-E (2nd ed.) . Ashgate.Wilmington, M. (1999, June 17). TECHNO `TARZAN'. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1999-06-18-9906180286-story.html

Episode SummaryOriginally planned for a direct-to-video release, Toy Story 2 (1999) was deemed too good for the small screen and instead enjoyed a theatrical release that was met with rave reviews. The addition of a plucky heroine with a tragic backstory mitigates some of the toxic masculinity from the first installment, but ableism and fatphobia manage to sneak in. Episode BibliographyABC News. (2000, October 24). Profane Toy Story 2 Recalled. ABC News. Retrieved March 29, 2023, from https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=114164&page=1Aguilera, L. (2015, October 7). EXCLUSIVE: 'Toy Story' Writer Debunks Two of the Biggest Pixar Fan Theories! Entertainment Tonight. Retrieved March 20, 2023, from https://www.etonline.com/news/173521_exclusive_pixar_fan_theory_pete_docter_toy_story_4Cohen, K. (1999, December 1). Toy Story 2 Is Not Your Typical Hollywood Sequel. Animation World Network. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://www.awn.com/animationworld/toy-story-2-not-your-typical-hollywood-sequelEbert, R. (1999, November 24). Toy Story 2 movie review & film summary (1999). Roger Ebert. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/toy-story-2-1999Gennusa, C. (1999, December 18). Disney will add 'bloopers' to 'Toy Story 2". Quad-City Times, 4W.Jones, A. (2014, April 6). Ed Catmull's 'Creativity, Inc.' is a thoughtful look at Pixar. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-books-20140406-story.htmlKapur, J. (2005). Obsolescence and other playroom anxieties: Childhood in the shadows of late capital. Rethinking Marxism, 17(2), 237-255. doi: 10.1080/08935690500046793Lasseter, J. (Director). (1999). Toy Story 2 [Film]. Pixar Animation Studios.McCloud, T. (2022, February 16). 'Lightyear' Producer Credited With Saving 'Toy Story 2' After Deletion. Newsweek. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://www.newsweek.com/lightyear-producer-credited-saving-toy-story-2-after-deletion-1680072Ness, M. (2020, March 27). A Weighty Sequel: Rewatching Pixar's Toy Story 2. Tor.com. Retrieved March 18, 2023, from https://www.tor.com/2020/03/27/a-weighty-sequel-rewatching-pixars-toy-story-2/Oliver, S. (2017, March 31). The Making of Toy Story 2. YouTube. Retrieved March 19, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AkiEyseaM1kPanzarino, M. (2012, May 21). How Toy Story 2 Got Deleted Twice, Once on Accident, Again on purpose. TheNextWeb. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://thenextweb.com/news/how-pixars-toy-story-2-was-deleted-twice-once-by-technology-and-again-for-its-own-goodPixar Animation Studios. (2023). Pixar Animation Studios. Retrieved March 23, 2023, from https://www.pixar.com/feature-films/toy-story-2Price, D. A. (2008). The Pixar Touch: The Making of a Company. Alfred A. Knopf.Schwarzbaum, L. (2010, March 26). Movie Review: Toy Story 2 | EW.com. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://ew.com/article/2010/03/26/movie-review-toy-story-2/Stark, S. (2022, March 1). It's time to abolish the fat villain trope. Inverse. https://www.inverse.com/entertainment/abolish-the-fat-villain-tropeToy Story 2. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved March 10, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toy_Story_2Toy Story 2. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1417119233/Turan, K. (1999, November 19). Seeking the Meaning of (Shelf) Life. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-nov-19-ca-35106-story.html

Episode SummaryDisney animators combined computer generated animation with live action background scenery to create the visually stunning Dinosaur (2000). Unfortunately, the boring plot and lackluster characters leave Erin and Rachel wishing that these dinosaurs would hurry up and go extinct. Episode BibliographyAguilar, C. (2020, May 26). Celebrating the risk-taking greatness of Disney's Dinosaur, 20 years later. RogerEbert.com. Blankstein, A. (1998, February 28). Boom's Counterweight Cited as Possible Cause of Fatal Accident. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 9, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-28-me-23933-story.htmlBlankstein, A. (1998, April 14). Disney Sued by Family of Man Killed on Film Set. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-apr-14-me-39062-story.htmlBlankstein, A. (1998, April 29). Disney Co. Fined $5000 in Death of Film Crew Member. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 9, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-apr-29-me-44138-story.htmlBusiness/Entertainment Editors & Retail Writers. (2000, May 18). SKECHERS USA announces its participation in McDonald's national campaign promoting walt disney pictures' ‘Dinosaur'.  Business Wire. Dinosaur (2000 film). (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved April 9, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaur_(2000_film)Ebert, R. (2000, May 19). Dinosaur movie review & film summary (2000). Roger Ebert. Retrieved May 19, 2023, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/dinosaur-2000Hill, J. (2003, January 14). The Sad Tale of Disney's Secret Lab. Jim Hill Media. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://jimhillmedia.com/the-sad-tale-of-disneys-secret-lab/Jackson Hall, W. (2000, June 1). Disney Takes a BIG Departure from Formula with Dinosaur. Animation World Network. Retrieved May 9, 2023, from https://www.awn.com/animationworld/disney-takes-big-departure-formula-dinosaurMatsumoto, J. (2000, May 27). Dinosaurs May Be a Monster Hit Beyond the Box Office. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-may-27-ca-34473-story.htmlMcCarthy, T. (2000, May 8). Dinosaur. Variety. Retrieved May 19, 2023, from https://variety.com/2000/film/reviews/dinosaur-1200462446/Murray, R. L., & Heumann, J. K., (2011). That's all folks?: Ecocritical readings of American animated features. University of Nebraska Press. Ness, M. (2016, October 6). Who knew Dinosaurs Could Be This Boring? Disney's Dinosaur. Tor.com. Retrieved May 9, 2023, from https://www.tor.com/2016/10/06/who-knew-dinosaurs-could-be-this-boring-disneys-dinosaur/Out Of The Storm. (n.d.). Kate Bush Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.katebushencyclopedia.com/out-of-the-stormPhil Tippett. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved May 18, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_TippettPlesset, R. (1999, February). Phil Tippett, Dinosaur. Cinefantastique Magazine, 31(1-2), 43-44.Robertson, B. (2000, May). BEAUTY... and the BEASTS. Computer Graphics World. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2000/Volume-23-Issue-5-May-2000-/BEAUTY-and-the-BEASTS.aspxSanders, R. (2021, February 24). Our earliest primate ancestors rapidly spread after dinosaur extinction. Berkeley News. https://news.berkeley.edu/story_jump/our-earliest-primate-ancestors-rapidly-spread-after-dinosaur-extinctionSexton, T. (2019, February 13). Associate professor discussion work on Disney's Dinosaur. The Blue Banner. https://thebluebanner.net/10117/arts-features/associate-professor-discusses-work-on-disneys-dinosaur/Shen, F. (2000, June 21). ‘Dinosaur' rewrites pre-history. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2000/06/21/dinosaur-rewrites-pre-history/738725d0-5c8c-439f-a5ff-9f997420da76/Stack, P. (2000, May 14). Digital Animation Evolves / Disney's `Dinosaur' a giant step forward. SFGATE. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Digital-Animation-Evolves-Disney-s-Dinosaur-a-2759935.phpTaylor, D. (2020, May 19). How Dinosaur, a movie you've forgotten existed, shaped the Disney landscape forever. Syfy. Retrieved May 9, 2023, from https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/dinosaur-2000-disney-changes-secret-labTretiakova, Y. (2021, March 30). 10 Things You Didn't Know About Disney's Dinosaur. CBR. Retrieved April 15, 2023, from https://www.cbr.com/disney-dinosaur-movie-trivia/#it-was-the-most-expensive-computer-animated-movie-at-the-timeTripp, B. (2022, February 15). Countdown to Extinction: Inside the Evolution of Animal Kingdom's Time-Traveling DINOSAUR Dark Ride. Park Lore. Retrieved May 18, 2023, from https://parklore.com/main/lost-legend/dinosaur/Turan, K. (2000, May 19). What Would He Say? Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 19, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-may-19-ca-31579-story.htmlVerrier, R. (2000, April 15). DISNEY TAKES DINO-SIZE STEP – Orlando Sentinel. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved April 16, 2023, from https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-2000-04-16-0004140533-story.htmlVHS BTS. (2019, March 28). the Making of Dinosaur the Movie. YouTube. Retrieved May 17, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e39KifR6AOoVHS BTS. (2019, April 1). Dinosaur: Larger Than Life. YouTube. Retrieved May 17, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxlfy6Hzn7EWard, A.R. (2002). Mouse morality: The rhetoric of Disney animated film. University of Texas Press.Zondag, R., & Leighton, E. (Directors). (2000). Dinosaur [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.

Episode SummaryErin and Rachel try not to throw off the emperor's groove with their critique of the cultural appropriation and homophobia in this cult classic from 2000. Ultimately, the memeable humor and nuanced portrayal of masculinity make The Emperor's New Groove a palatable offering from a studio that was floundering post-Renaissance. Episode BibliographyBorthaiser, N. (2010). Brave New Americas: Historical re-interpretations in Disney's The Emperor's New Groove and DreamWorks' The Road to El Dorado. Americana: E-journal of American Studies in Hungary, 6(1). http://americanaejournal.hu/vol6no1/borthaiserBoyar, J. (2000, December 15). A TOON JUST FOR FUN – Orlando Sentinel. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved July 6, 2023, from https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2000/12/15/a-toon-just-for-fun/Breznican, A. (2000, December 14). Singer stung by Disney cartoon. Daily News, 3B.Cochrane, E. (2000, January 1). The Emperor's New Groove Review. Empire Online. Retrieved July 6, 2023, from https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/emperor-new-groove-2-review/Davis, A. M. (2007). Good girls and wicked witches: Women in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.Davis, A. M. (2014). Handsome heroes and vile villains: Men in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.Deja, A. (2011, September 25). Early Yzma. Deja View. Retrieved July 6, 2023, from http://andreasdeja.blogspot.com/2011/09/early-yzma.htmlDindal, M. (Director). (2000). The Emperor's New Groove [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures.Ebert, R. (2000, December 15). The Emperor's New Groove movie review (2000). Roger Ebert. Retrieved July 6, 2023, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-emperors-new-groove-2000Ebiri, B. (2021, January 27). An Oral History of Disney's 'The Emperor's New Groove'. Vulture. Retrieved July 19, 2023, from https://www.vulture.com/article/an-oral-history-of-disney-the-emperors-new-groove.htmlThe Emperor's New Groove. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved June 18, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Emperor%27s_New_GrooveThe Emperor's New Groove. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved July 18, 2023, from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl2572256769/The Emperor's New Groove: A Refusal To Say The ‘P' Word (Peru, That Is). (2019, December 10). From Tonto to Thomas Builds-the-Fire: Native American Representation. https://nativeamericanmediarepresentation.wordpress.com/2019/12/10/the-emperors-new-groove-a-refusal-to-say-the-p-word-peru-that-is/Feminist Disney, The Emperor's New Groove: It's okay. (2014). Feminist Disney. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from https://feministdisney.tumblr.com/post/10933261391/the-emperors-new-groove-its-okayHicken, J. (2014, June 24). 50 things you might not know about your favorite Disney films, 1998-2013 edition. Deseret News. Retrieved June 18, 2023, from https://web.archive.org/web/20180719054251/https://www.deseretnews.com/top/2530/12/The-Emperors-New-Groove-2000-50-things-you-might-not-know-about-your-favorite-Disney-films.htmlHill, J. (2000, December 31). What Went Right for "The Emperor's New Groove" & What Went Wrong for "102 Dalmatians". Jim Hill Media. Retrieved July 9, 2023, from https://jimhillmedia.com/what-went-right-emperors-new-groove-what-went-wrong-102-dalmatians/Hill, J. (2001, May 8). The Long Story Behind the Emperor's New Groove, Part One. Laughing Place. Retrieved July 9, 2023, from https://www.laughingplace.com/w/leg/?legacyasppage=w/News-ID115140.aspHill, J. (2001, May 10). The Long Story Behind the Emperor's New Groove, Part Two. Laughing Place. Retrieved July 9, 2023, from https://www.laughingplace.com/w/leg/?legacyasppage=w/News-ID115160.aspLeigh, D. (2001, February 14). Llama drama. The Guardian. Retrieved July 6, 2023, from https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2001/feb/14/artsfeaturesMartín-Rodríguez, M. M. (2003). Reel origins: Multiculturalism, history, and the American children's movie. In C. F. Levander & C. J. Single (Eds.), The American child: A cultural studies reader. Rutgers University Press.Moorhead, M. V. (2000, December 14). Jonesing for a New Groove. Houston Press. Retrieved June 18, 2023, from https://www.houstonpress.com/film/jonesing-for-a-new-groove-6562706Ness, M. (2016, October 13). When Chaos Leads to Comedy: The Emperor's New Groove. Tor.com. Retrieved July 9, 2023, from https://www.tor.com/2016/10/13/when-chaos-leads-to-comedy-the-emperors-new-groove/Radulovic, P. (2020, June 24). Emperor's New Groove: The story behind the Disney movie. Polygon. Retrieved July 19, 2023, from https://www.polygon.com/2020/6/24/21301603/the-emperors-new-groove-streaming-disney-david-spade-john-goodman-eartha-kittThe Road to El Dorado. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved July 19, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Road_to_El_DoradoRoger, M. (2000, December 22). 'The Emperor's New Groove' developed from earlier project. Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. Retrieved June 18, 2023, from https://web.archive.org/web/20150208083101/http://lubbockonline.com/stories/122200/aro_122200006.shtmlSavlov, M. (2000, December 15). The Emperor's New Groove - Movie Review. The Austin Chronicle. Retrieved July 6, 2023, from https://www.austinchronicle.com/events/film/2000-12-15/141749/Silverman, H. (2002). Groovin' to ancient Peru: A critical analysis of Disney's The Emperor's New Groove. Journal of Social Archaeology, 2(3), 298-322.Strauss, B. (2000, December 15). WITH 'GROOVE,' DISNEY'S IN A RUT. Daily News. Retrieved July 6, 2023, from https://web.archive.org/web/20150208114551/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/WITH+%27GROOVE%2c%27+DISNEY%27S+IN+A+RUT.-a083411452Styler, T., & Davidson, J.-P. (Directors). (2002). The Sweatbox [Film]. Xingu Films. https://archive.org/details/SweatboxDocumentaryUneditedVersionThomas, S., & Weldon, G. (Hosts). (2020, November 25). Twenty years later, is “The Emperor's New Groove”... a classic? [Audio podcast episode]. In Pop Culture Happy Hour. NPR. https://www.npr.org/transcripts/937948440Towbin, M. A., Haddock, S. A., Zimmerman, Z. S., Lund, L. K., & Tanner, L. R. (2003). Images of gender, race, age, and sexual orientation in Disney feature-length animated films. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 15(4), 19-44. doi: 10.1300/J086v15n04_02Welkos, R. W. (2000, December 13). Disney Moves to 'New Groove'. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 6, 2023, from https://web.archive.org/web/20150119065807/http://articles.latimes.com/2000/dec/13/entertainment/ca-64717

Episode SummaryMaking sense of the plot of Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001) proves almost as difficult as locating a lost civilization in the Atlantic Ocean. Erin and Rachel muddle through the complicated lore of this box office flop and manage to find some positive depictions of gender roles and racial diversity. Episode Bibliographyapneax3n0n. (2015, May 9). Nadia vs Atlantis - The More You Know post. Imgur. Retrieved August 6, 2023, from https://imgur.com/gallery/ytmAWAtlantis: The Lost Empire. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved August 6, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantis:_The_Lost_EmpireAtlantis: The Lost Empire (2001). (n.d.). IMDb. Retrieved August 21, 2023, from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0230011/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1Boone, D. (2020, January 29). Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water (Fushigi no Umi no Nadia) – Nadia vs Atlantis. The Review Heap. Retrieved August 22, 2023, from https://thereviewheap.home.blog/2020/01/29/nadia-the-secret-of-blue-water-fushigi-no-umi-no-nadia-nadia-vs-atlantis/Cayce, E. D. (1968). Edgar Cayce on Atlantis. Hawthorn Books.Davis, A. M. (2007). Good girls and wicked witches: Women in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.Davis, A. M. (2014). Handsome heroes and vile villains: Men in Disney's feature animation. John Libbey & Company.The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2023, August 14). Atlantis, legendary island. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Atlantis-legendary-islandDudley, S. (2019, March 15). Making of Atlantis: The Lost Empire (Full Documentary). YouTube. Retrieved August 19, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvR9Zdp74fYEbert, R. (2001, June 15). Atlantis: The Lost Empire movie review (2001). Roger Ebert. Retrieved August 14, 2023, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/atlantis-the-lost-empire-2001Edgar Cayce. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved August 21, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_CayceFabrikant, G. (2001, May 21). Suddenly, the Stakes Are High for Disney's Film and TV Businesses. The New York Times. Retrieved August 14, 2023, from https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/21/business/suddenly-the-stakes-are-high-for-disney-s-film-and-tv-businesses.htmlFigueroa, J. (2020, May 3). Going Down in Flames: The Story of "Atlantis" Fire Mountain at the Magic Kingdom. WDW News Today. Retrieved August 6, 2023, from https://wdwnt.com/2020/05/going-down-in-flames-the-story-of-atlantis-fire-mountain-at-the-magic-kingdom/Gleiberman, O. (2001, June 6). Atlantis: The Lost Empire. EW.com. Retrieved August 14, 2023, from https://ew.com/article/2001/06/06/atlantis-lost-empire/Hackforth, R. (1944). The story of Atlantis: Its purpose and its moral. The Classical Review, 58(1), 7-9. Hill, J. (2003, August 10). How Disney's animators lost their way on the road to "Atlantis: The Lost Empire". Jim Hill Media. Retrieved August 6, 2023, from https://jimhillmedia.com/how-disneys-animators-lost-their-way-on-the-road-to-atlantis-the-lost-empire/Hughey, M. W. (2010). The white savior film and reviewers' reception. Symbolic Interaction, 33(3), 475-496. Hughey, M. W. (2014). The white savior film: Content, critics, and consumption. Temple University Press. Johnson, B. (2019, June 7). Neocolonialism in Disney's Renaissance: Analyzing Portrayals of Race and Gender in Pocahontas, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, and Atlantis: The Lost Empire. Oregon State University.McCarthy, T. (2001, June 7). Atlantis: The Lost Empire. Variety. Retrieved August 14, 2023, from https://variety.com/2001/film/reviews/atlantis-the-lost-empire-1200468877/McDonald's Dives Into Disney's Atlantis. (2001, June 11). QSR magazine. Retrieved August 6, 2023, from https://www.qsrmagazine.com/news/mcdonalds-dives-disneys-atlantisMcKeon, M. (2018, April 19). A Walt Disney production: “Atlantis: The Lost Empire”. Medium. https://filmknife.medium.com/a-walt-disney-production-atlantis-the-lost-empire-70059df1fc28 Mitchell, E. (2001, June 8). FILM REVIEW; Under the Sea, Damp Hakuna Matata (Published 2001). The New York Times. Retrieved August 14, 2023, from https://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/08/movies/film-review-under-the-sea-damp-hakuna-matata.htmlMorris, W. (2001, June 15). 'Atlantis' is a find / Disney emphasizes adventure over cuteness, romance and song. SFGATE. Retrieved August 14, 2023, from https://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Atlantis-is-a-find-Disney-emphasizes-2909019.phpMoseley, D. (2001, June 15). Destination Atlantis at the El Capitan. Laughing Place. Retrieved August 6, 2023, from https://www.laughingplace.com/w/leg/?legacyasppage=w/News-ID502800.aspNess, M. (2016, October 20). An Expensive Adventure: Atlantis: The Lost Empire. Tor.com. Retrieved August 6, 2023, from https://www.tor.com/2016/10/20/an-expensive-adventure-atlantis-the-lost-empire/Pinsky, M. (2004). The Gospel According to Disney: Faith, Trust, and Pixie Dust. Westminster John Knox Press. https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Gospel_According_to_Disney/YGtbYTyulb4C?hl=en&gbpv=0Plato. (2008). Timaeus and Critias (D. Lee, Trans.). Penguin Books. Radulovic, P. (2020, September 23). Atlantis was meant to change the course of Disney animation. Polygon. Retrieved August 6, 2023, from https://www.polygon.com/animation-cartoons/2020/9/23/21446059/atlantis-the-lost-empire-disney-cast-voices-theme-park-don-hahn-tab-murphy-memesRingle, C. (2019). Fear and loathing in the Americas: White fanatics and the cinematic mindset. Terrae Incognitae, 51(3), 271-280. DOI: 10.1080/00822884.2019.1662665Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2022, February 12). Plato. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato/Stegman, C. (2017). Remembering Atlantis: Plato's “Timaeus-Critias”, the ancestral constitution, and the democracy of the Gods. Political Theory, 45(2), 240-260. Straw, J. (2019, January 5). Atlantis: The Lost Empire and the white savior [Blog Post]. http://jessicastraw.com/2019/01/05/atlantis-the-lost-empire-and-the-white-savior/Taylor, D. (2020, June 17). Atlantis: The Lost Empire: Inside the Troubled Disney Production. Collider. Retrieved August 6, 2023, from https://collider.com/disney-atlantis-the-lost-empire-history-explained/Tuckey, T. (2021, June 16). Atlantis: The Lost Empire's 20th Anniversary Fan Celebration (6/15/21). YouTube. Retrieved August 22, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ecABcThwkW4Turan, K. (2001, June 8). 'Atlantis' Seems Like Old Times. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 14, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jun-08-ca-7799-story.htmlWise, K., & Trousdale, G. (Directors). (2001). Atlantis: The Lost Empire [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.Zacharek, S. (2001, June 15). "Atlantis". Salon.com. Retrieved August 14, 2023, from https://www.salon.com/2001/06/15/atlantis/Zion, L. (2001, July 19). Nadia vs. Atlantis, Revisited! Anime News Network. Retrieved August 6, 2023, from https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/feature/2001-07-19

Episode SummaryJoin Erin and Rachel on the Scare Floor for a discussion of Monsters, Inc. (2001). The impressive animation, clever world building, strong performances, and high joke density adequately compensate for some outdated fatphobic, classist, and misogynist beats. Under director Pete Docter, Pixar has officially hit their stride with this critically acclaimed box office smash. Episode BibliographyAl-Jbouri, E., & Pomerantz, S. (2020). A new kind of monster, cowboy, and crusader? Gender hegemony and flows of masculinities in Pixar animated films. Boyhood Studies, 13(1), 43-63. doi: 10.3167/bhs.2020.130104Docter, P. (Director). (2001). Monsters, Inc. [Film]. Pixar Animation Studios.Ebert, R. (2001, November 2). Monsters, Inc. movie review & film summary (2001). Roger Ebert. Retrieved October 16, 2023, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/monsters-inc-2001FilmIsNow Movie Bloopers & Extras. (2022, April 25). MONSTERS, Inc. (2001) | Making of CGI Featurette. YouTube. Retrieved October 1, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfIIvaSzE1gGaura, M. A. (2002, November 9). Sonoma artist claims 'Monsters, Inc.' a rip-off / Suit says... SFGATE. Retrieved October 10, 2023, from https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/sonoma-artist-claims-monsters-inc-a-rip-off-2772969.phpHatic, D. (2016, October 1). Chinese Food Delivery Containers, Explained. Eater. Retrieved October 15, 2023, from https://www.eater.com/2016/10/1/13110692/chinese-food-takeout-box-historyKinzler, K. D., & DeJesus, J. M. (2013). Northern = smart and Souther = nice: The development of accent attitudes in the United States. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66(6), 1146-1158. DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2012.731695KSCG Guy. (2022, June 6). Filmmakers Roundtable | Monster's Inc. YouTube. Retrieved October 17, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M2FTV7lI254Mitchell, E. (2001, November 2). FILM REVIEW; Monsters of Childhood With Feelings and Agendas (Published 2001). The New York Times. Retrieved October 16, 2023, from https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/02/movies/film-review-monsters-of-childhood-with-feelings-and-agendas.htmlMonsters, Inc. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved October 1, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsters,_Inc.Monsters, Inc. (n.d.). IMDb. Retrieved October 18, 2023, from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0198781/Monsters, Inc. (n.d.). Box Office Mojo. Retrieved October 19, 2023, from https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0198781/Ness, M. (2017, April 27). Fur, comedy, and lawsuits: Monsters, Inc. Tor.Com. https://www.tor.com/2017/04/27/fur-comedy-and-lawsuits-monsters-inc/Pixar Animation Studios. (n.d.). Pixar Animation Studios. Retrieved October 16, 2023, from https://www.pixar.com/feature-films/monsters-incShiels, M. (2002, November 14). Monsters Inc faces 'copying' lawsuit. BBC News. Retrieved 10 10, 2023, from https://web.archive.org/web/20080204172819/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2477593.stmSnetiker, M. (2016, November 2). Monsters Inc: Pete Docter dives deep into movie's legacy and creation, 15 years later. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved October 17, 2023, from https://ew.com/article/2016/11/02/monsters-inc-anniversary-pete-docter/Taylor, C. (2001, November 2). Monsters, Inc. Salon.com. Retrieved October 16, 2023, from https://www.salon.com/2001/11/02/monsters_inc/

Erin and Rachel sing their way through a March madness-style bracket to determine the best Disney song of all time! Listen to the official playlist of songs in the bracket (all "Sweet 16" of them) on YouTube Music. Watch the Our Last Night cover of Surface Pressure on YouTube. 

Episode SummaryMuch like family dynamics and intergalactic diplomacy, Lilo & Stitch (2002) is a complicated movie. Erin and Rachel surf through the topics of Hawaiian culture and representation, colonialism, and Elvis. Episode BibliographyBell, J. (2023, August 13). The Meaning Behind The Song: He Mele No Lilo by Disney. Old Time Music. Retrieved December 6, 2023, from https://oldtimemusic.com/the-meaning-behind-the-song-he-mele-no-lilo-by-disney/Byrne, E. (2012). Forgetting Hawai'i: The role of Hawai'i in narratives of Barack Obama's legitimacy. Comparative American Studies: An International Journal, 10(2), 188-199. doi: 10.1179/1477570012Z.00000000014Casley, E. (2016, November 4). 'Lilo & Stitch,''Moana,' and Disney's Representation of Indigenous Peoples. Colonialism – Bitch Flicks. Retrieved December 6, 2023, from https://colonialismbitch1.rssing.com/chan-58124034/article14.htmlCheng, E. (2007). Family, race and citizenship in Disney's Lilo and Stitch. In N. Scott (Ed.), Monsters and the Monstrous : Myths and Metaphors of Enduring Evil (pp. 123-132). Brill. Chow, E. T. (2018). The Sovereign Nation of Hawai'i: Resistance in the Legacy of "Aloha 'Oe". SUURJ: Seattle University Undergraduate Research Journal, 2(15). https://scholarworks.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=suurjCorliss, R. (2002, June 16). Stitch in Time? TIME.com. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,263026,00.htmlCronin, B. (2020, March 29). See How 9/11 Caused a Dramatic Change to the Ending of Lilo & Stitch. CBR. Retrieved November 12, 2023, from https://www.cbr.com/lilo-stitch-9-11-edit/Dudley, S. (2023, June 16). The Story Room: The Making of Lilo and Stitch (Full Documentary). YouTube. Retrieved December 7, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4YKrFytA4ZgEbert, R. (2002, June 21). Lilo and Stitch movie review & film summary (2002). Roger Ebert. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/lilo-and-stitch-2002Ebiri, B. (2022, October 19). An Oral History of 'Lilo & Stitch,' A Hand-Drawn Miracle. Vulture. Retrieved November 25, 2023, from https://www.vulture.com/2022/10/an-oral-history-of-lilo-and-stitch-a-hand-drawn-miracle.htmlEbiri, B. (2022, October 19). An Oral History of 'Lilo & Stitch,' A Hand-Drawn Miracle. Vulture. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://www.vulture.com/2022/10/an-oral-history-of-lilo-and-stitch-a-hand-drawn-miracle.htmlEl-Mahmoud, S. (2022, April 21). Lilo & Stitch 20 Years Later: How The Disney Film Authentically Captured Hawaiian Culture With Tia Carrere's Help. Cinemablend. Retrieved November 12, 2023, from https://www.cinemablend.com/interviews/lilo-and-stitch-20-years-later-how-the-disney-film-authentically-captured-hawaiian-culture-with-tia-carreres-helpFiamma, A. (2022, July 19). Intervista a Chris Sanders, il regista di "Lilo & Stitch". Fumettologica. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://fumettologica.it/2022/07/intervista-chris-sanders-lilo-stitch/2/Filoi, R.  (2022). Disney, Little Women, and Me. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 81(1), 225-237. doi: 10.1111/ajes.12453Fiorini, E. (2023, May 05). “Lilo and Stitch”: A film that is both wacky and gut wrenching. University Wire. Gahrett, L. (2022, August 18). Big Break. Corvallis Gazette-Times, 41.Gleiberman, O. (2002, June 28). Lilo & Stitch. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://ew.com/article/2002/06/28/lilo-stitch-3/HB1986. (n.d.). Hawaii State Legislature. Retrieved January 5, 2024, from https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/sessions/session2022/bills/HB1986_.HTMHolmes, A. (2020, March 25). Yes, Disney Apparently Edited A Lilo And Stitch Scene, And Fans Are Freaking. Cinemablend. Retrieved November 12, 2023, from https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2493332/yes-disney-apparently-edited-a-lilo-and-stitch-scene-and-fans-are-freakingHo‘omanawanui, K. (2013). Mo'olelo as Social and Political Action: Responding to Jack Zipes (De-Disneyfying Disney) and Waziyatawin (From the Clay We Rise). ScholarSpace.com. Retrieved December 7, 2023, from https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/70717b02-d55c-49f5-a735-b9f1f2c595d0/contentHowe, D. (2002, June 21). 'Lilo' May Leave Kids in Stitches. The Washington Post. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2002/06/21/lilo-may-leave-kids-in-stitches/919a6f5a-267a-4e55-ae5f-aabc00bc4bd3/Lilo and Stitch: proof that Disney can get it right. (2011). Feminist Disney. Retrieved December 6, 2023, from https://feministdisney.tumblr.com/post/11134614957/lilo-and-stitch-proof-that-disney-can-get-itLilo & Stich: Hawaiian Native Child Welfare. (2013, May 6). nerdwearingpearls.tumblr.com. Retrieved December 6, 2023, from https://nerdwearingpearls.tumblr.com/post/49776740089/lilo-stich-hawaiian-native-child-welfareLilo & Stitch. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilo_%26_StitchMazo, A., & Pender-Cudlip, B. (Directors). (2018). Dawnland: A Documentary about Cultural Survival and Stolen Children [Film]. Upstander Project. https://upstanderproject.org/films/dawnlandMcCarthy, T. (2002, June 16). Lilo & Stitch. Variety. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://variety.com/2002/film/awards/lilo-stitch-1200549065/McKnight, U. (2008). The African in America: Race and the politics of diaspora. African Identities, 6(1), 63-81. doi: 10.1080/14725840701830881Moore, R. (2002, June 25). ACTORS STITCH A PERFECT FIT WITH THEIR HAWAIIAN ROOTS. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved December 6, 2023, from https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2002/06/25/actors-stitch-a-perfect-fit-with-their-hawaiian-roots/Ness, M. (2016, October 27). Aliens and Family Values: Lilo and Stitch. Tor.com. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://www.tor.com/2016/10/27/lilo-and-stitch/Perea, K. (2015). Girl cartoons second wave: Transforming the genre. Animation: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 10(3), 189-204. DOI: 10.1177/1746847715608561Perea, K. (2018). Touching Queerness in Disney films: Dumbo and Lilo & Stitch. Social Sciences, 7(11), 225. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci7110225Puig, C. (2002, June 20). 'Stitch' will keep you in stitches. usatoday.com. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/enter/movies/2002/2002-06-21-lilo-stitch.htmRadulovic, P. (2021, September 16). Lilo & Stitch: How Disney's animated classic was made cheap and in secret. Polygon. Retrieved November 25, 2023, from https://www.polygon.com/features/22675483/lilo-and-stitch-disney-animation-chris-sanders-dean-debloisRyan, T. (2002, January 17). Voices from the Islands. Honolulu Star-Bulletin Features. Retrieved November 12, 2023, from https://archives.starbulletin.com/2002/01/17/features/index.htmlSanders, C., & DeBlois, D. (Directors). (2002). Lilo & Stitch [Film]. Walt Disney Animation Studios.Strausfogel, S. (2002, August 19). "A Stitch in time...: set on Kauai, Disney's animated film 'Lilo & Stitch' promises to boost interest in the islands, especially the Garden Isle, as a family destination. (On Location)." TravelAge West, 37(31),  pp. H-4+. Turan, K. (2002, June 21). A Welcome Break From Disney Formula. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-jun-21-et-turan21-story.htmlWallace, D. (2016, December 2). “Moana” is Turning Culture into Cash—Here's Why it Matters for Hawai'i. HONOLULU Magazine. Retrieved December 6, 2023, from https://www.honolulumagazine.com/moana-is-turning-culture-into-cash-heres-why-it-matters-for-hawaii/Yasuoka, M. Y. (2021). Hawai'i/Hawaii: Alterity, space, and the settler imaginary. [Master's thesis, University of Illinois at Chicago]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.

Episode SummaryErin and Rachel explore Treasure Planet (2002), the biggest flop in Disney animation since The Black Cauldron. The hosts discuss what went wrong with this pet project of veteran directors Ron Clements and Jon Musker, beyond just the usual misogyny, that is. Episode BibliographyAguilar, C. (2022, December 28). ‘Treasure Planet' at 20: Disney's failed space odyssey deserved to soar. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/movies/treasure-planet-disney.htmlArmstrong, J. (2014, June 3). Buried Treasure: The ill-fated voyage to Treasure Planet 2. Animated Views. https://animatedviews.com/2014/buried-treasure-the-ill-fated-voyage-to-treasure-planet-2/BREADSWORD. (2017, August 31). Treasure Planet - Disney's Biggest Mistake. YouTube.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9sycdSkngABooker, M. K. (2009). Disney, Pixar, and the Hidden Messages of Children's Films. Praeger.Claudia, P. (2002, November 26). See 'Treasure Planet' for looks, not charm. USA Today. https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/reviews/2002-11-26-planet_x.htmClayton. (2009, March 30). TREASURE ISLAND AS IT HAS NEVER BEEN SEEN BEFORE. Scene Magazine. https://web.archive.org/web/20090330210757/http://www.scene-magazine.com/archive/filmarchive.php?filmarcid=38Crazy Nate. (2020, November 27). Disney's Treasure Planet Everything You Missed. (Easter Eggs and Secrets). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0w5Jz4RhLADaiches, D. (2008, June 9). Robert Louis Stevenson. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Louis-StevensonDiamond Boy's Disney DVD Overviews. (2023, November 27). Treasure Planet 2003 DVD Overview. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANOkTVpj6tIDonaldson, K. (2022, November 27). The History Of Treasure Planet, Disney Animation's Biggest Ever Flop. Slash Film.https://www.slashfilm.com/1072674/the-history-of-treasure-planet-disney-animations-biggest-ever-flop/Droney, M. (2003, January 1). Avast and Away! Mix Online.https://web.archive.org/web/20090326043304/http://mixonline.com/mag/audio_avast_away/Ebert, R. (2002, November 27). Treasure Planet movie review & film summary (2002). Roger Ebert. https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/treasure-planet-2002Fritz, S. S. (2018). In space no one can hear you cry: Late Victorian adventure and contemporary boyhood in Disney's Treasure Planet. In S. K Day & S. S. Fritz (Eds), The Victorian Era in Twenty-First Century Children's and Adolescent Literature and Culture (pp. 55-71). Routledge. Gibson, N. P. (2023, January 1). Treasure Planet: The Complicated History Behind Disney Animation's Biggest Flop. Looper.https://www.looper.com/1151101/treasure-planet-the-complicated-history-behind-disney-animations-biggest-flop/Gleiberman, O. (2002, November 27). Treasure Planet. Entertainment Weekly. https://ew.com/article/2002/11/27/treasure-planet-2/Klein, A. (2002, November 24). Treasure Planet. 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