Podcasts about Duke University

America is suffering from a loneliness epidemic. Some groups have suggested religious communities may be key to solving it. Could it help? Those arguing “yes” say it gives people regular social contact, support systems, and a sense of purpose that could combat isolation. Those arguing “no” say that secular options would provide better, broad-based solutions. Now we debate: Can Religion Cure the Loneliness Epidemic?    Arguing Yes:   Harold Koenig, Director of Duke University's Center for Spirituality, Theology and Health   Chris Murphy, Senator from Connecticut     Arguing No:  Ruth Whippman, Author of "America the Anxious: How Our Pursuit of Happiness Is Creating a Nation of Nervous Wrecks" and "BOYMOM: Reimagining Boyhood in the Age of Impossible Masculinity."  Dan Barker, Co-President of the Freedom from Religion Foundation  Emmy award-winning journalist John Donvan moderates  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Making the case for a better at home A1C test. Orange Biomed is developing a compact, one-drop, at-home A1C testing device they say could make frequent A1C checks easier and more accessible than ever. They're passionate about closing the gap for people who struggle to get to clinics regularly… and the research they share is compelling: four A1C tests a year can lead to a nearly 4% reduction in A1C levels. We'll talk about why more frequent A1C monitoring matters—even in the era of continuous glucose monitoring—how their new device works, and what early clinical trial results look like. This podcast is not intended as medical advice. If you have those kinds of questions, please contact your health care provider. More about Orange BioMed here Announcing Community Commericals! Learn how to get your message on the show here. Learn more about studies and research at Thrivable here Please visit our Sponsors & Partners - they help make the show possible! Learn more about Gvoke Glucagon Gvoke HypoPen® (glucagon injection): Glucagon Injection For Very Low Blood Sugar (gvokeglucagon.com) Omnipod - Simplify Life Learn about Dexcom  Check out VIVI Cap to protect your insulin from extreme temperatures The best way to keep up with Stacey and the show is by signing up for our weekly newsletter: Sign up for our newsletter here Here's where to find us: Facebook (Group) Facebook (Page) Instagram Check out Stacey's books! Learn more about everything at our home page www.diabetes-connections.com    Episode transcript:   Stacey Simms  00:05 Today on diabetes connections, making the case for a better at home A1C test. Orange biomed is developing a compact, one drop device that they say could make frequent A1C checks easier and more accessible. They're sharing research that four A1C tests a year can lead to a nearly 4% reduction in A1C levels, but they say a lot of people can't get to the clinic that much. We'll talk about why this matters, even in the era of CGM, how the device works and what the early clinical trial results look like.   This podcast is not intended as medical advice. If you have those kinds of questions, please contact your healthcare provider.   Welcome to a bonus episode of diabetes connections. I hope your December is going well and that you know somehow you're able to take some time for yourself in the middle of all the holiday rushing around this time of year can be magical and stressful and exhausting and wonderful, and you know, all the things. And it's the same thing over here, super busy getting all this stuff done before the end of the year. Love it. But, you know, getting podcast episodes out, writing all the things we write and planning for next year, as they say, We're staying booked and busy.   But quick behind the scenes here to better explain this episode, I taped this interview way back over the summer during the ADA Scientific Sessions conference. I had some technical problems. I actually thought I lost this interview. There were two interviews that seemed to have gone missing. We're going to air the other one very soon. But thankfully, I do have backups upon backups. So all the info that you're going to hear today is still relevant.   This product, a small A1C test, is still in development. The only dated bit is about their follow up event that took place in August. Orange Biomed was launched in 2021 in South Korea, with its US headquarters in Providence, Rhode Island. Its founders are two Duke University alums, and they're my guests, CEO Yeaseul Park and Co-President Unghyeon Ko, We are also joined by Janice Dru-Bennett. She is a senior advisor at the company. Now, English is not the first language of two of these three speakers. This is a good time to remind you that most podcasting platforms have pretty good transcription services these days, especially Apple, I think they have a fantastic real time transcription service for podcasts that has been impressive to me in how they translate diabetes language. They're getting better at it. But I am also going to put a transcript of the interview in the show notes, which I don't normally do because the podcast services have gotten so good at it, but I think it could be helpful for at least a few of you out there. Okay, here is my conversation from the floor of ADA from the team at Orange biomed.   Yeaseul Park, Janice Drew Bennett and Dr Ko, Welcome to diabetes connections. I can't say live from ADA, because we're taping this to air later, but you're all there. Thank you so much for joining   Yeaseul Park  03:08 me. Yes, thank you. We're   03:10 excited to be here. Oh   Stacey Simms  03:11 my goodness. Can I ask first, how is the trip? I mean, yes, let me ask you. You guys came a long way.   Yeaseul Park  03:17 Yeah, it was 13 hours from Korea. But it's I'm so excited, because this event is really one of the times, and this is actually our third time attending ADA.   Stacey Simms  03:31 That's great. And we have so many questions for you, but Janice, let me ask you, you're there as everybody's setting up at the kind of beginnings of the show. What is it like right now for people who aren't familiar with ADA,   Janice Dru-Bennett  03:42 yes, you can hear the hammers in the background, although, but not on this podcast, but there's a lot of noise and people walking by. We're just setting up this the day before the exhibit hall opens and Dr Cole will be presenting at the Innovation Hub tomorrow, which is where we're sitting right now, with tables of innovators will be showcasing their diabetes innovations, and   Stacey Simms  04:04 there's a lot to get to. Dr Koh, I know you're presenting, but yes, let me ask you, like, what why? I know you said it's your third year, but why is orange biomed at ADA, what is your goal   Yeaseul Park  04:16 for us? ADA, is for a learning experience. As well as a platform to share. We come to see how all those around the world are fighting against diabetes, whether through clinical research, digital tools or technologies or community programs. At the same time, you're so proud to hear what orange biomat is building anytime, and eight months exhausting. That makes diabetes monitoring not accessible, not so many. And this year is especially exciting because Dr ko our co founder of orange buying at the group of speaking at ADA brand new program the innovation Hall.   Stacey Simms  04:58 That's awesome. So Dr Koh, tell me. Little bit about this, the Innovation Hub is pretty cool, but what are you going to be talking about?   Unghyeon Ko  05:05 Yeah, actually, I'm talking about the engineering part. I mean our technology, so our orange biomed, we are trying to solve a simple but a serious problem about the A1C accessibility. So to increase the A1C accessibility. So we are, we are developing at home device to measure the A1C level. So I'm, I'm talking about how difficult to increase the accessibility of A1C, but our technology is handled that difficult problem. So we now he's so agreed. So I'm going to introduce our technology and emphasize the importance of the A1C measurement at home.   Stacey Simms  05:49 Yeah, so A1C, it's interesting. My son was diagnosed at two, and in the pediatric world, you know, they'll just prick a finger generally and have that A1C right away. But my husband lives with type two, and he gets his labs drawn. And then it takes forever. So tell me a little bit before we go further about what you're hoping to do and making this easier for the patient,   Speaker 1  06:10 the frequent monitoring of A1C is so important to prevent the diabetic complications. So the money, so if you there is some so I can say that there is a research that if you measure the A 1d the four times a year, the People's A1C level is decreased like 3.8% but if you measure the A 1d at one per year, Then the A1C level is increased 1.5% so the frequent A1C monitoring is so important to prevent the diabetes complications. But problem is A1C measurement is only available at clinical site at this moment, so most of the A1C monitoring is done by the clinical side. So that's why people are difficult to monitoring A1C, because they have to visit the clinics forever. So is so like four times, or even eight times visit the clinics or hospital is quite difficult, especially in the people living in the far area from the hospital. So that's why the home A1C test is required. So I think that's why the accessibility of the A1C is one of the important things in managing the diabetes complications.   Stacey Simms  07:39 Dr Koh, is there evidence that, I mean more frequent A1C testing, I think would give many people peace of mind, perhaps. But is there evidence that it really does help in your health?   Speaker 1  07:51 Oh, yes, it is actually like from there is the research, like the famous research about the A1C level, like the research name this t and this research proved that the A1C is the one of the strongest predictor of diabetes complication. So A1C is completely related with the risk of diabetes complication. So like keeping A1C on the 7% dramatically lower the risk of diabetes complications. And also, there is another research in UK, the UK PDS study, and that study said they are A1C. Lowering A1C by just 1% can reduce overall mortality by 15% and microvascular complication by 37% so the roaring A1C is the goal of the treatment of the   Yeaseul Park  08:47 diabetes. So   Stacey Simms  08:48 when I think of at home diabetes tests, blood tests, seem like they're they're really sensitive, right? You have to be very careful with things like that, although we do, we did finger sticks at home for years and years. Are there challenges with at home A1C testing that that people like me could mess up,   Yeaseul Park  09:06 sure actually when I was doing pandemic outside system? So it's a new   Yeaseul Park  09:19 box of mustard with five or six needles inside, and we need to collect this blood to sound the left result. But then I really tried to collect the requirement matter blood, which is like it was like bleeding. Oh, it's not just retiring in one block, one drop of block, but it's like you need to try, yeah, many times, not just in one spot, to collapse in the block. And the other way you. Built female in, built a lot more broadly, to store your venous blood, and that's features like discomfort.   Stacey Simms  10:10 Would you mind taking us through your experience with the A1C testing? You were talking about how much blood it took? Yeah.   Yeaseul Park  10:17 So it, it requires many, many drops of blood. So I felt like it's like bleeding, and you make a lot of mess around the table. And so I felt, even though it's it was a topic time it was pandemic. So that's the only option I had at that time, but I wanted to make it simple and easier. And the other types of point of care devices only use a drop of blood still have some limitations, because we all don't want to bleed too much, so sometimes we try to finger stick very small and just squeeze to get enough blood. But if you squeeze to get enough sample volume, that's make your other liquid, like sweats, can also mix with your blood, and that actually affects the accuracy of the testing usually so many point of care devices also not recommend you to squeeze to get enough blood, so that means you need to treat a little too deep to get enough. So we really wanted to make this whole process or simpler and more problem.   Stacey Simms  11:43 Can you share a little bit about what the device looks like, what the patient experience is when they use it?   Speaker 1  11:48 Dr, CO, so our device is a palm size. Is in most like, like self, self poem, so it's a palm size device. So our device has no switch, but there is only a slider in the front of the device. So if you slide that, you can the device is turned on and you can insert the cartridge, and the cartridge is disposable cartridge. So after that, you just collect your blood and dilute it in the collecting tube and drop the sample into the cartridge, then analyze the A1C like automatically. So it's quite similar with the covid by covid test kit. So the covid test kit collect the sample in your nose and mix with the Rickett and drop it right? And it's quite similar.   Stacey Simms  12:45 So do you do a finger stick to put on the cartridge? How much blood to yells? Point, you know? How much blood do you need?   Speaker 1  12:52 Our devices for home use device, so it's quite we use a very different technology, because our device analyze the red blood cell one by one. So actually, we don't need exact unlike like five micro or 10 micro, we don't need the exact sample block. So we just need one drop of blood. So if the one drop is big, or if the one drop is right or small, it's fine for us. So one drop of blood, mix with their sample and drop one drop onto the cartridge. So maybe you can, you can drop one more than one drop, but we recommend one drop. So one drop of blood sample my dinner the rest yesterday pointed out that the skeezing the finger of blood is a problem for other device because, because in our body, there is a body wicked inside your under, under your skin. So if the body wicked is mixed with the blood samples, so it might be a problem because it dilute the blood sample. But our device, we analyze the Red Cross itself. So if it is diabetes, I think so we will find so you just puncture very best, and if you scale it, and it's totally fine for us. So it's, it's one of the good point of our device.   Yeaseul Park  14:20 How long does it take to get the results? It takes like, five minutes. Okay, yeah, and that's all at home. Yeah. Yezel, who do you see using this? Who is this for? Basically, it's for everyone. I think whoever has pre diabetes, diabetes type one, type two, and especially, I think who has limited access to primary care or lab testings. You know, many people who are older, tends to have more, especially the people who has limited access to primary care or lab testings. We believe this device can give more value to them. Yeah, and especially some people who have limited mobility, if they are older, or if they have experienced that amputation or something like that, they cannot go to the hospital by themselves. They need a caregivers to drive them to the hospital for the simple lab testing. But now I think it empowers patients who has that limitation still can take control their health by using this kind of home use device. How accurate   Stacey Simms  15:33 is it? I assume you have studies, and you've done some trials on how on the accuracy?   Yeaseul Park  15:37 Dr, CO, do you want to add that?   Speaker 1  15:40 Oh, yeah. So we are preparing the clinical trial. So the official clinical trials will be done within this year, but so that's our plan. But we we tested our device already using the in in last year. So last year, feasibility studies show that our device is quite similar with other point of care devices, and hopefully because at that time, our device, our especially our cartridge sensor, we just manufacturing our own like our in our lab. So this time, the official clinical trial in in this year, we are going to manufacturing in the factories so it might be more precise. So we hopefully we trying to chase the hospital accurate.   Stacey Simms  16:30 And I have to ask, where more and more people with diabetes are wearing a CGM and looking at time and range. What would you say to people who would tell you, well, we don't really need A1C anymore. We have time and range. Dr Cody, I see you nodding. Go ahead, yeah, yeah.   Speaker 1  16:47 So that's a very important point, but because the timing range is also important, and the CGM is very great technology for diabetes people. But problem is, like the A1C and C GM target different, like the CGM target the hypothesemia, but the A1C targeting the diabetes complications. So like, if you measure the timing range and you can manage your average glucose more nicely, but it might be prevent your hypothenia. But if you want to assess your diabetes management, you might be measure A1C. So if you measure timing range, but you also have to measure the A1C. So A1C is for everyone's and so. And also, the point is, if you don't treat the insulin, or if you don't treat the any medications, then you don't need to actually using the CGM, that's the ADH recommendation. So, but in in that case, you need the A1C as well. So A1C for everyone, and the CGM is for the people who treated the insulin. That's the ADA guide, right? And then,   Stacey Simms  18:12 yes, let me just ask you. You know, you came all this way. As you say, this is your third time at ADA. Trials are starting soon. What's your hope here? Is this something you see in homes of everyone who has any kind of diabetes? What's the big goal for Orange biomed?   Yeaseul Park  18:28 Every time we talk to a day, we can feel what's going on here in diabetes industry. It's a huge maybe first year, I the most frequently hard keyword was aid system. But after that, we now have GLP one, and now we hear more keyword around obesity. So that's a little slightly different trend I can feel. And once you come and join this full sessions, then I can see there's make everyone is making a progress, and we are all together. Want to fight against diabetes in their own way or with their own expertise, whether it's pharmaceutical, whether it's medical device or diabetes, sex, sometimes any other community programs that really support this patient and families, the community, and it's Really this whole atmosphere actually really motivates our team and myself, and we can feel the value. I can really feel this we are doing something valuable to patients and our community, and that's the most great thing, like the greatest thing that I can take when I come back to home with a. After the ADA. And for sure, we want to have opportunity to make voice what we are doing at Orange biomed, and want to deliver this value to the patient and other healthcare professionals. Otherwise, even though we are working hard to make this progress, no one knows, and that makes any changes the world. So that's the important purpose we are coming here. That's great.   Stacey Simms  20:30 Janice, before I let you all go, I know you wanted to talk about an event you've got coming up in Chicago. Can you tell me a little   Janice Dru-Bennett  20:37 bit about that? Yes, we're really excited for Orange biomed to be hosting the first map your health event, a local event here in Chicago, we have done a solving healthcare challenges webinar to announce our map your health campaign, which is, monitor your A1C, monitor your health and then adapt your treatment and prevent chronic disease. And we're actually going to be hosting on August 16, from 10am to 3pm in Chicago at their humble Park, Health Wellness Center, the first local event, inviting all local partners. We'll have some virtual sessions, showcase with yoga or ask the endocrinologist. So we'll have a very exciting agenda that both virtual and on site participants can join in, eat healthy foods. See, see what's in Chicago from a screenings perspective, and really get people motivated to map your health. So hashtag, map your health. Tell your your your health story, and let's get everyone, um, healthier. Wow.   Stacey Simms  21:35 Okay, fantastic. Well, yes, I'll park Dr co Janice, thank you so much for joining me. Have a terrific show. I know this is an audio podcast, but especially behind you. Yassil, it has been wild to watch the construction guys are going by and motorized carts and things are going up behind you. So have a wonderful ADA. Keep us posted, and we'll get the word out about your event in August and going forward. Thanks so much for joining me.   more information in the show notes about the studies and about orange biomed. You can sign up for alerts and emails from them as their product moves forward. So if you're interested, definitely check that out. Thank you to my editor, John Bukenis from audio editing solutions, thank you so much for listening. I'm Stacey Simms. I'll see you back here soon. Until then, be kind to yourself.   Benny  22:30 Diabetes Connections is a production of Stacey Simms media. All Rights Reserved, all wrongs avenged.    

In this episode, Kuldip R. Patel, PharmD, FASHP, Senior Associate Chief Pharmacy Officer at Duke University Health System, discusses how pharmacy services are expanding across the continuum to reach more patients and improve outcomes. He shares insights on supply chain resilience, ambulatory and inpatient pharmacy growth, and the technologies shaping the future of pharmacy practice.

Court Lorenzini is the founder and CEO of multiple successful technology startups including DocuSign, Point.com, Primus BioVision and MetaBrite Inc. His latest venture, FounderNexus, aims to triple the success rate of venture-backed startups, and his work with the Lorenzini Family Foundation is aggressively investing in building a stronger and more equitable society. Additionally, Mr. Lorenzini serves on the Boards of many early-stage companies across the US and UK as well as the United States Olympic and Paralympic Foundation, and is an active investor and advisor. Over his career, Mr. Lorenzini has raised over $300M in venture and strategic funding from leading corporations and venture capital funds. Prior to his entrepreneurial ventures, Mr. Lorenzini held senior management positions with Cisco Systems and KLA-Tencor, including two years running a technology business in Neuchatel, Switzerland. He holds a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Duke University and post graduate credentials from Stanford University, UC Berkeley and University of Wisconsin at Madison.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Betsy Pepine is a Best-Selling author, Founder, CEO, and serial entrepreneur in real estate who is passionate about helping at-risk families with children. She founded a 501( c ) 3 non-profit foundation called Pepine Gives, which helps families who are facing housing insecurity. Betsy also earned an economics degree from Duke University and an MBA from The Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania, and her work has been endorsed by Shark Tank's Barbara Corcoran as well as media personalities Dave Ramsey and Glenn Beck. Her best-selling book is titled "Breaking Boxes: Dismantling the Metaphorical Boxes that Bind Us," where she encourages readers to transform their mindset and challenge norms to live the life they want and deserve. Betsy shares her fascinating journey as well as valuable tips and insights on how all of us can live our lives to the fullest by breaking boxes, transforming our mindset, and challenging norms. Download this uplifting, positive, and empowering episode to hear her story and discover how to live life on your terms! Connect with Betsy:     https://www.betsypepine.com/ https://www.facebook.com/betsypepine https://www.youtube.com/@BetsyPepine https://www.instagram.com/betsypepine/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/betsypepine/ https://www.tiktok.com/@gainesvillerealtor https://substack.com/@betsypepine Want to be a guest on TheFemiNinjaProject? Send Cheryl Ilov a message on PodMatch, here: https://www.podmatch.com/hostdetailpreview/1620842117560x116520069523704300  

Today, Dave Furfaro, Luke Hedrick, and Robert Wharton discuss the PREDMETH trial published in The New England Journal of Medicine in 2025. This was a non-inferiority trial comparing prednisone to methotrexate for upfront therapy in treatment-naive sarcoidosis patients. Listen in for a break down of the trial, analysis, and clinically applicable pearls. Article and Reference Todays’ episode discusses the PREDMETH trial published in NEJM in 2025. Kahlmann V, Janssen Bonás M, Moor CC, Grutters JC, Mostard RLM, van Rijswijk HNAJ, van der Maten J, Marges ER, Moonen LAA, Overbeek MJ, Koopman B, Loth DW, Nossent EJ, Wagenaar M, Kramer H, Wielders PLML, Bonta PI, Walen S, Bogaarts BAHA, Kerstens R, Overgaauw M, Veltkamp M, Wijsenbeek MS; PREDMETH Collaborators. First-Line Treatment of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis with Prednisone or Methotrexate. N Engl J Med. 2025 Jul 17;393(3):231-242. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2501443. Epub 2025 May 18. PMID: 40387020. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2501443 Meet Our Hosts Luke Hedrick is an Associate Editor at Pulm PEEPs and runs the Rapid Fire Journal Club Series. He is a senior PCCM fellow at Emory, and will be starting as a pulmonary attending at Duke University next year. Robert Wharton is a recurring guest on Pulm PEEPs as a part of our Rapid Fire Journal Club Series. He completed his internal medicine residency at Mt. Sinai in New York City, and is currently a first year pulmonary and critical care fellow at Johns Hopkins. Key Learning Points Clinical context Prednisone remains the traditional first-line treatment for pulmonary sarcoidosis when treatment is indicated, with evidence for short-term improvements in symptoms, radiographic findings, and pulmonary function—but with substantial, familiar steroid toxicities (weight gain, insomnia, HTN/DM, infection risk, etc.). Despite widespread use, glucocorticoids haven't been robustly tested head-to-head against many alternatives as initial therapy, and evidence for preventing long-term decline (especially in severe disease) is limited. Immunosuppressants (like methotrexate) are often used as steroid-sparing agents, but guideline recommendations are generally conditional/low-quality evidence, and practice varies. Why PREDMETH matters It addresses a real-world question: Can methotrexate be an initial alternative to prednisone in pulmonary sarcoidosis, rather than being reserved only for steroid-sparing later? It also probes a common clinical belief: MTX has slower onset than prednisone (often assumed, not well-proven). Trial design (what to know) Open-label, randomized, noninferiority trial across 17 hospitals in the Netherlands. Included patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis who had a clear pulmonary indication to start systemic therapy (moderate/severe symptoms plus objective risk features like reduced FVC/DLCO or documented decline, plus parenchymal abnormalities). Excluded: non–treatment-naïve patients and those whose primary indication was extrapulmonary disease. Treat-to-tolerability with escalation: both drugs started low and were slowly increased; switch/add-on allowed for inadequate efficacy or unacceptable side effects. Primary endpoint: change in FVC (with the usual caveat that FVC is “objective-ish,” but effort-dependent and not always patient-centered). Noninferiority margin: 5% FVC, justified as within biologic/measurement variation and “not clinically relevant.” Outcomes assessed at weeks 4, 16, 24; powered for ~110 patients to detect the NI margin. Patient population (who this applies to) Mostly middle-aged (~40s) with mild-to-moderate physiologic impairment on average (FVC ~77% predicted; DLCO ~70% predicted). Netherlands-based cohort with limited Black representation (~7%), which matters for generalizability. Would have been helpful to know more about comorbidities (e.g., diabetes), which can strongly influence prednisone risk. Main findings (what happened) Methotrexate was noninferior to prednisone at week 24 for FVC: Between-group difference in least-squares mean change at week 24: −1.17 percentage points (favoring prednisone) with CI −4.27 to +1.93, staying within the 5% NI margin. Timing mattered: Prednisone showed earlier benefit (notably by week 4) in FVC and across quality-of-life measures. By week 24, those early differences largely washed out—possibly because MTX “catches up,” and/or because crossover increased over time. In their reporting, MTX didn't meet noninferiority for FVC until week 24, supporting the practical message that prednisone works faster. Crossover and analysis nuance (important for interpretation) Crossover was fairly high, which complicates noninferiority interpretation: MTX arm: some switched to prednisone for adverse events and others had prednisone added for disease progression/persistent symptoms. Prednisone arm: some had MTX added. In noninferiority trials, heavy crossover can bias intention-to-treat analyses toward finding “no difference” (making noninferiority easier to claim). Per-protocol analyses avoid some of that but introduce other biases. They reported both. Safety signals (what to remember clinically) Adverse events were very common in both arms (almost everyone), mostly mild. Side-effect patterns fit expectations: Prednisone: more insomnia (and classic steroid issues). MTX: more headache/cough/rash, and notably liver enzyme elevations (about 1 in 4), with a small number discontinuing. Serious adverse events were rare; numbers were too small to confidently separate “signal vs noise,” but overall known risk profiles apply. Limitations (why you shouldn't over-read it) Open-label design, and FVC—while objective-ish—is still effort-dependent and can be influenced by expectation/behavior. Small trial, limiting subgroup conclusions (e.g., severity strata, different phenotypes). Generalizability issues (Netherlands demographics; US populations have higher rates of obesity/metabolic syndrome, which may tilt the steroid risk-benefit equation). Crossover reduces precision and interpretability of between-group differences over time. Practice implications (the “so what”) For many patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis needing systemic therapy, MTX is a reasonable initial alternative to prednisone when thinking long-term tolerability and steroid avoidance. Prednisone likely provides faster symptom/QoL relief in the first weeks—so it may be preferable when rapid improvement is important. The trial strengthens the case for a patient-centered discussion: short-term relief vs side-effect tradeoffs, and the possibility of early combination therapy in more severe cases (suggested, not proven).

This conversation explores the life and legacy of Charles C. Diggs Jr., a significant yet often overlooked figure in the civil rights movement and American politics. Brown University Professor, Marion Orr, discusses his new biography of Diggs, detailing his contributions to the Congressional Black Caucus, his legislative achievements, and the circumstances surrounding his fall from grace. The discussion also touches on Diggs' personal life, his family's involvement, and the broader implications of his work for African American history and political science.Marion Orr is the inaugural Frederick Lippitt Professor of Public Policy and Professor of Political Science and Urban Studies at Brown University. He previously was a member of the political science faculty at Duke University.Professor Orr earned his B.A. degree in political science from Savannah State College, M.A. in political science from Atlanta University (now Clark-Atlanta University), and a Ph.D. in Government and Politics from the University of Maryland, College Park.From 2008-2014, Professor Orr served as Director of the A. Alfred Taubman Center for Public Policy and American Institutions at Brown University.  He is a former chair of Brown's Department of Political Science and a former director of Brown's Urban Studies Program.Professor Orr's expertise is in the area of American politics.  He specializes in urban politics, race and ethnic politics, and African-American politics.  He is the author and editor of eight books. His book, House of Diggs: The Rise and Fall of America's Most Consequential Black Congressman, Charles C. Diggs, Jr. (University of North Carolina Press, 2025), is the first biography of Michigan's first Black member of the U.S. House of Representatives.Among Professor Orr's other books, Black Social Capital: The Politics of School Reform in Baltimore (University Press of Kansas), won the Policy Studies Organization's Aaron Wildavsky Award and his co-authored, The Color of School Reform: Race, Politics and the Challenge of Urban Education (Princeton University Press), was named the best book by the American Political Science Association's (APSA) Urban Politics Section. He is the co-editor (with Domingo Morel) of Latino Mayors: Political Change in the Postindustrial City.  He is also the author of numerous scholarly articles, essays, and reviews.Professor Orr is the recipient of the Biographers International Organization Francis “Frank” Rollin Fellowship. He has also held a research fellowship at the Brookings Institution, a Presidential Fellowship from the University of California, Berkeley, and a fellowship from the Ford Foundation.  In 2019, Orr was awarded APSA's Hanes Walton, Jr. Career Award,  awarded to “a political scientist whose lifetime of distinguished scholarship has made significant contributions to our understanding of racial and ethnic politics and illuminates the conditions under which diversity and intergroup tolerance thrive in democratic societies.”Professor Orr served as President of the APSA's Organized Section on Urban Politics and an elected member and chair of the Governing Board of the Urban Affairs Association, an international organization devoted to the study of urban issues. Dr. Orr has also served as a member of the executive councils of the American Political Science Association and the National Conference of Black Political Scientists. He has served, or is currently serving, on the editorial boards of the National Political Science Review, Journal of Urban Affairs, Journal of Race, Ethnicity and the City, and Urban Affairs Review.

This week on Family Policy Matters, NC Family President John Rustin welcomes Dr. Farr Curlin, physician, professor and Co-Director of the Theology, Medicine and Culture Initiative at Duke University, to discuss the recent HHS report on the impacts of transgender procedures on minors. 

Dr Mark Palmeri is a professor at Duke University in the Biomedical Engineering (BME) field. He joins Chris to talk about using open tools (KiCad, ngspice, Zephyr, Jupyter notebooks, Python) to build educational resources and how he shares those courses with the world outside of Duke. He also walks through the Tympanometer project, built with Duke BME Design Fellows.

In this episode of the NCS Podcast Perspectives series, host Nicholas Morris, MD, speaks with Cherylee Chang, MD, division chief of neurocritical care and professor of neurology, neurosurgery and medicine at Duke University. Dr. Chang reflects on her journey from an early interest in cardiothoracic surgery to neurology, and ultimately, to the "intersectional" work that drew her to neurocritical care. She discusses her early training in the field, efforts to establish certification and fellowship accreditation pathways and the challenges of defining the essential components of what constitutes neurocritical care. Dr. Chang also shares insights from Duke's advanced practice provider model, her work to broaden multidisciplinary inclusion within NCS and her current focus on leadership development, workforce shortages and strategies to better attract the next generation to the field. Dr. Chang recommends the following books for those interested in developing their leadership potential:Difficult Conversations by Douglas Stone, Bruce Patton and Sheila HeenExtreme Ownership by Jocko Williams Leadership and Self-Deception by The Arbinger InstituteThe Fearless Organization by Amy EdmonsonThe Leader's Guide to Mastering Feedback by Joan HibdonThe Let Them Theory by Mel Robbins The views expressed on the NCS Podcast are solely those of the hosts and guests and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or official positions of the Neurocritical Care Society.

Today, Dr. Holmes talks with neurodivergent psychiatrist, Dr. Stacy Greeter.Topics discussed:Dr. Greeter's diagnosis journey at the age of 40 as a practicing psychiatrist.Growing understanding of AutismMyths about AutismDifferent presentations of girls/women in AutismGender Fluidity & AutismMedications and How to be a psychiatric patient and advocate for yourself as an autistic patient About our Guest:Dr. Stacy Greeter is board-certified in both child/adolescent and adult psychiatry. She collaborates with children, adults, and their families to design a comprehensive individualized treatment plan. Dr. Greeter graduated summa cum laude from Duke University, where she was inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa Honor Society and received her Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill under the Morehead Medical Scholarship. During her undergraduate and medical training, Dr. Greeter conducted extensive clinical research funded by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute on autism and on OCD. She completed both her adult studies and her child and adolescent subspecialty training at Northwestern University in Chicago, where she trained with nationally and internationally renowned psychiatrists. She is also certified in Internal Family Systems Therapy. More info: https://www.stacygreetermd.com/about-us Disclaimer:When we have guests on the ASR podcast, they are recognized for their expertise in autism as advocates, self-advocates, clinicians, parents, or other professionals in the field. They may or may not be part of the faith community; having a guest on the broader topic of autism does not reflect complete agreement with the guest, just as many guests may disagree with our faith perspective. Guests are chosen by topic for the selected podcast discussion and are not necessarily in complete agreement with all the beliefs of the selected guest(s).

What if a single clause in your job contract could quietly shape how much you are able to get paid -- after you leave that job? And what if that same contract clause ends up limiting the places you can move for a job? Today, the hidden power of the non-compete clause. New research from Matt Johnson, professor at the Sanford School of Public Policy at Duke University and co-authors gives insight into what the practice actually costs workers.

Pastor Kris preaches at Duke University.

In this episode of Grow Sessions, “What's Really in Your Cannabis: THC Testing & Safety,” host Mark Doherty speaks with Jeff Rawson, founder of the Institute of Cannabis Science (ICS), about the real-world science behind cannabis testing and consumer safety. Jeff shares his journey from academic research as a PhD chemist to cannabis, and how that background shaped the Institute's mission of independent, off-the-shelf testing and consumer protection. From inflated THC numbers and misleading labels to remediation practices and regulatory gaps, this conversation offers a practical, science-backed perspective on what cultivators, operators, and consumers need to understand to build trust and transparency in today's cannabis market.About Jeff Rawson, Ph.D. and Institute of Cannabis ScienceJeff Rawson founded the non-profit Institute of Cannabis Science while he was a postdoctoral researcher in chemistry at Harvard. He is a scientific consultant for Puffco, a subject matter expert on cannabis testing, and serves on the ASTM D37 committees on cannabis. Jeff earned a bachelor's degree in chemistry from Bard College in 2002, an M.S. in Organic Chemistry from the University of Vermont in 2009, and a Ph.D. in chemistry from Duke University in 2014. Driven by a passion to improve public health, Jeff uses his skills in researching and communicating science to protect the health and interests of consumers of cannabis. About Mark Doherty, Doherty AgMark Doherty is the Vice President of Construction and Facilities Management for Grown Rogue, bringing over 15 years of experience in controlled environment agriculture and commercial cannabis cultivation. Throughout his career, he has led operations and facility development across multiple national brands, including roles as COO at Dual Draft Integrated Airflow, Executive VP at urban-gro, and VP of Facilities Management at Vireo Growth.Through his firm Doherty Agriculture, Mark focuses on turning around underperforming cultivation assets using his signature People, Plants, Profits framework—treating each facility as a living, breathing machine to drive efficiency, consistency, and profitability. He is known for combining deep technical expertise with practical leadership to elevate both the people and the plants behind successful cultivation operations.If you'd like to connect with Mark, please email him at mark.edward.doherty@gmail.com.Visit tsrgrow.com to learn how TSRgrow's advanced cultivation technology helps growers improve efficiency, consistency, and crop performance. From high-performance LED lighting to smart power and monitoring solutions, TSRgrow provides scalable tools designed to support modern cultivation operations at every stage of the grow.Thanks for listening. Be sure to subscribe to our podcast to receive upcoming episodes.

A mass shooting at Bondi Beach during a Hanukkah event created major challenges for journalists trying to confirm fast-moving details. Newsrooms had to decide how to describe the attack, when to name suspects and how to treat unverified online posts. Jacqueline Maley, senior writer at the Sydney Morning Herald, explains the decisions behind early reporting and the influence of social media. The UK government has begun a consultation on BBC charter renewal, which will shape the organisation from 2028. It raises questions about how the BBC is governed, how it supports producers across the UK and how it might be funded in the future. Options include subscription models, advertising and changes to licence fee income. Alex Farber, media correspondent at The Times, outlines what is being considered. In Florida, Donald Trump has filed a defamation case against the BBC over an edited sequence in the Panorama documentary which triggered the resignation of the corporation's Director General and its CEO of News. Stuart M Benjamin, professor of law at Duke University, sets out the legal issues. Short, vertical micro dramas are becoming a major part of China's entertainment industry, with revenues expected to exceed cinema box office figures. The format is spreading to other regions through low-cost, rapid production and app-based viewing. Mengchen Zhang from the BBC's Global China Unit describes the trend in China, while Clare Thompson, non-executive director at K7 Media, outlines its international growth.Presenters: Ros Atkins Producer: Lisa Jenkinson Content Producer: Lucy Wai Production Coordinator: Ruth Waites

Dr. Noor Al-Shibli, a board-certified OB-GYN and maternal-fetal medicine fellow, shares how remarkable advancements in antiretroviral therapy have drastically reduced HIV transmission rates during pregnancy. Listen to discover the collaborative efforts of health care professionals and community advocates in supporting pregnant individuals living with HIV and learn about the evolving guidelines that empower shared decision-making in infant feeding. This is an inspiring conversation on breaking barriers and fostering hope in maternal health. Meet our guests: Noor Al-Shibli, MD Read More Dr. Noor Al-Shibli is a board-certified OBGYN and third year Maternal Fetal Medicine Fellow at Emory University School of Medicine. She received her undergraduate and medical degrees from the University of Tennessee and completed her OBGYN residency training at Duke University. Throughout her time at Emory, she has cared for high-risk obstetrics patients at Grady Memorial Hospital, including a specialized high-risk obstetrics clinic for pregnant individual living with HIV. Her clinical and research interests include infectious diseases, maternal nutrition, and community health. Noor has a passion for educating and empowering her patients about their reproductive health. Episode Resources Dr. Michael Lindsay NIH Perinatal HIV Guidelines CDC HIV Hotlines and Warmlines Perinatal HIV Hotline: 1-888-448-8765 (24 hours, seven days a week) Ryan White Program Locator AWHONN Infectious Disease Resources AWHONN HIV Resources AWHONN Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) The post Breaking Barriers: Advances in Perinatal HIV Care appeared first on AWHONN.

In this special solo episode, Barbara launches The Journey to 70, a yearlong series leading up to her 70th birthday. Just as she did at 50, she's reassessing what truly matters for staying strong, mobile, and joyful in the decade ahead.  Barbara previews the first expert in the series — Dr. Jocelyn Wittstein, orthopedic surgeon and sports medicine specialist at Duke University — who will guide her through the essentials of bone and joint health.  Today, Barbara shares one powerful change she's already made: Japanese Interval Walking. After a knee injury sidelined her from running, this simple, science-backed method helped her rebuild strength, energy, and confidence. She explains why it works and how you can start using it right away.  Takeaways: • The Journey to 70 mini-series begins • Why interval walking is ideal for women over 50 • A joint-friendly way to boost fitness, strength, and energy • The simple fast–slow walking protocol you can try today  Connect: Instagram: @barbarahannahgrufferman Substack: https://substack.com/@agebettercheatsheet?  Email your questions or comments: agebetterpodcast@gmail.com   Watch full episodes on the Age Better YouTube channel   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, Tina chats with Dr. Maria Sophocles, a board-certified OBGYN who specializes in gynecology, menopause, and sexual health. They dive into the often-overlooked topic of sex and pleasure in midlife, including Dr. Sophocles' concept of the “bedroom gap” and her upcoming book. They talk about the physical changes that affect libido, how to communicate with your partner, and which treatments are safe and effective for improving sexual health. Dr. Sophocles shares practical tips for reclaiming sexual pleasure and why it's so important for overall health and well-being. Here's what you'll learn: - The surprising reasons midlife women lose desire and why it's not your fault - The real definition of “the bedroom gap” and why it widens after 40 - The silent sexual symptoms of perimenopause most women don't recognize - How weight changes, energy dips, and body confidence affect your sex life - Why communication about sex is so hard and how to start conversations - The evidence-based treatments that actually improve libido and sexual function - What every woman should know about midlife sexual health but isn't told - Dr. Sophocles' biggest hope for women reading The Bedroom Gap The Bedroom Gap: Rewrite the Rules and Roles of Sex in Midlife: https://rstyle.me/+ilXbuSJ9Aco5gBQ8yruUZw Get Vyleesi /PT-141: https://elliemd.com/sexual-health?bp=tinahaupert Connect with Tina Haupert: https://carrotsncake.com/ Facebook: Carrots 'N' Cake https://www.facebook.com/carrotsncake Instagram: @carrotsncake https://www.instagram.com/carrotsncake YouTube: Tina Haupert https://www.youtube.com/user/carrotsncake About Tina Haupert: Tina Haupert is the owner of Carrots ‘N' Cake as well as a Certified Nutrition Coach and Functional Diagnostic Nutrition Practitioner (FDN-P). Tina and her team use functional testing and a personalized approach to nutrition to help women find balance within their diets while achieving their body composition goals. Connect with Dr. Maria Sophocles https://mariasophoclesmd.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mariasophoclesmd/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/maria-sophocles-591a8b10/ Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmoad996Gk-PwijqRziGX5g About Dr. Maria Sophocles: Dr. Maria Sophocles has been at the forefront of women's healthcare for 30 years, bringing an unparalleled depth of knowledge, compassion, and innovation to her practice. From her academic roots at Duke University and Jefferson Medical College to her groundbreaking work at Women's Healthcare of Princeton, Dr. Sophocles is a vanguard in menopause management and female sexual health. Explore her journey, accolades, and contributions to global women's healthcare.

What makes a complete stranger walk up to you on a bus and say, "I'm really having a hard time today"? In this episode of Legendary Leaders, host Cathleen O'Sullivan sits down with Darryl Stickel—trust researcher, founder of Trust Unlimited, and author of Building Trust—whose life's work reveals that connection isn't magic. It's a skill you can learn, practice, and pull off even when everything feels like it's falling apart.    Darryl shares why trust isn't just about certainty—it's about being willing to get hurt. He breaks down the formula, explains why leaders who admit they're not perfect inspire fierce loyalty, and walks through the exact steps he used to help warring union reps and board executives shake hands after five years in court. With disarming honesty, he opens up about surviving multiple concussions, navigating life as a legally blind leader, and discovering that accepting help isn't weakness—it's a gift you give other people.    Together, Cathleen and Darryl explore what it means to lead without pretending, why "share, don't scare" transforms relationships, and how pulling three specific levers can rebuild trust faster than you think. This conversation is for anyone who's tired of surface-level connections and ready to do the uncomfortable work that actually brings people closer.     Episode Timeline:   00:02:38 Why vulnerability is the part of trust everyone ignores  00:05:02 The trust equation: uncertainty × vulnerability = perceived risk  00:09:51 When not to be vulnerable: protecting yourself while staying open 00:15:54 Three levers every leader needs: benevolence, integrity, ability  00:26:35 Men, mental health, and the Aspirational Men's Program  00:30:53 Internal vs. external locus of control: what you actually control  00:39:43 The benevolence conversation: "What does success look like for you?"  00:50:41 Five years in court: how he got unions and executives talking again  00:57:48 "I feel uncertainty" vs. "I don't trust you": the language that neutralizes conflict  01:08:56 The one small step: start with a dose of vulnerability  01:14:09 The father who went from "they're scared of me" to "they fight over who sits next to me"  01:18:12 Hockey, concussions, and finding purpose in the wreckage     Key Takeaway:   Trust = Uncertainty × Vulnerability, and Both Are at All-Time Highs: Trust isn't just about predicting someone's behavior—it's about being willing to be hurt when you can't know for sure what they'll do. In deep relationships, uncertainty shrinks and vulnerability expands. But right now, with uncertainty spiking everywhere, even small asks for vulnerability feel like jumping off a cliff.  Refusing Help Is Selfish—You're Robbing People of Joy: Darryl told a room of executives: "You just shared how powerful it is to help someone. Now explain why you're so effing selfish—you never let anyone have that experience with you." When you never admit you need help or show vulnerability, you steal the gift of contribution from others. Even the struggling woman panhandling on the street felt meaning when she could help the blind guy cross.  Change the Story, Change Everything: Darryl's son wanted a baseball scholarship, so Darryl "nagged" him about eating well, practicing, studying, being a good teammate. But because they'd defined success together first, his son heard every nudge as "Dad has my back" instead of criticism. We interpret the world through stories—if you don't actively shape the narrative, 20 different versions will spread, and most won't work in your favor.  Start With One Small Dose of Vulnerability: Don't open the kimono. Don't pretend you're clueless. Just admit you made a mistake in the past, probably will in the future, or need someone's expertise on something. Leaders reach positions because of technical skill—that skill atrophies the moment you sit behind a desk. Tell people: "You're the expert now. I'm going to need your help." That small crack opens everything.     About Darryl Stickel:   Darryl Stickel is founder of Trust Unlimited and author of Building Trust: Exceptional Leadership in an Uncertain World. He holds a PhD from Duke University, where his doctoral thesis on building trust in hostile environments was so groundbreaking his advisors admitted he'd solved what they thought was impossible. After consulting at McKinsey & Company, Darryl founded Trust Unlimited in 2001 and has since worked with unions, military units, Fortune 500 companies, and nonprofits worldwide—from helping the Canadian military build trust with locals in Afghanistan to reuniting fathers with sons who'd given up hope. Legally blind and navigating the world with his guide dog Drake, Darryl teaches that vulnerability isn't weakness—it's the foundation of everything that matters.      Connect with Darryl Stickel: LinkedIn: ca.linkedin.com/in/darryl-stickel-phd  Website: https://www.trustunlimited.com/  Book: https://www.trustunlimited.com/book/  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/people/Trust-Unlimited-Inc/61563450129818/ Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/darrylstickel  YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/@DarrylStickel_BuildingTrust Podcast: https://imperfectcafe.buzzsprout.com/      Connect with Cathleen O'Sullivan:  Business: https://cathleenosullivan.com/  LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/cathleen-osullivan/  Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/legendary_leaders_cathleenos/      FOLLOW LEGENDARY LEADERS ON APPLE, SPOTIFY OR WHEREVER YOU LISTEN TO YOUR PODCASTS  

In this episode of the Leading Voices in Food podcast, Norbert Wilson of Duke University's Sanford School of Public Policy speaks with researchers Jean Adams from the University of Cambridge and Mike Essman from Duke's World Food Policy Center. They discuss the mandatory calorie labeling policy introduced in England in April 2022 for large food-away-from-home outlets. The conversation covers the study recently published in the British Medical Journal, exploring its results, strengths, limitations, and implications within the broader context of food labeling and public health policies. Key findings include a slight overall reduction in calorie content offered by food outlets, driven by the removal of higher-calorie items rather than reformulation. The discussion also touches on the potential impacts on different consumer groups, the challenges of policy enforcement, and how such policies could be improved to more effectively support public health goals. Interview Summary Now everyone knows eating out is just part of life. For many, it's a place to make connections, can be a guilty pleasure, and sometimes it's just an outright necessity for busy folks. But it is also linked to poor dietary quality, weight gain, and even obesity. For policymakers, the challenge is identifying what policy changes can help improve population health. Jean, let's begin with you. Can you tell our listeners about the UK's menu labeling intervention and what change did you hope to see? Jean - Yes, so this was a policy that was actually a really long time in coming and came in and out of favor with a number of different governments. So maybe over the last 10 years we've had various different suggestions to have voluntary and/or mandatory calorie labeling in the out-of-home sector. Eventually in April, 2022, we did have new mandatory regulations that came into a force that required large businesses just in England - so not across the whole of the UK, just in England - if they sold food and non-alcoholic drinks and they had to display the calories per portion of every item that they were selling. And then have alongside that somewhere on their menu, a statement that said that adults need around 2000 calories per day. The policy applied just to large businesses, and the definition of that was that those businesses have 250 or more employees, but the employees didn't all have to be involved in serving food and drinks. This might apply also to a large hotel chain who just have some bars or something in their hotels. And the food and drinks covered were things that were available for immediate consumption. Not prepackaged. And then there was also this proviso to allow high-end restaurants to be changing their menus regularly. So, it was only for things that were on the menu for at least 30 days. You mentioned that this policy or a menu labeling might have at least two potential modes of impacts. There's first this idea that providing calories or any sort of labeling on food can somehow provide information for consumers to make what we might hope would be better choices. Might help them choose lower calorie options or healthier options. And then the second potential impact is that businesses might also use the information to change what sort of foods they're serving. It might be that they didn't realize how many calories were in the foods and they're suddenly embarrassed about it. Or as soon as their customers realize, they start to put a little bit of pressure on, you know, we want something a little bit lower calorie. So, there's this potential mechanism that operates at the demand side of how consumers might make choices. And another one at the supply side of what might be available to consumers. And we knew from previous evaluations of these sorts of interventions that there was some evidence that both could occur. Generally, it seems to be that findings from other places and countries are maybe null to small. So, we were thinking that maybe we might see something similar in England. Thank you for sharing that background. I do have a question about the length of time it took to get this menu labeling law in place. Before we get into the results, do you have a sense of why did it take so long? Was it industry pushback? Was it just change of governments? Do you have a sense of that? Jean - Yes, so I think it's probably a bit of both. To begin with, it was first proposed as a voluntary measure actually by industry. So, we had this kind of big public-private partnership. What can industry do to support health? And that was one of the things they proposed. And then they didn't really do it very well. So, there was this idea that everybody would do it. And in fact, we found maybe only about 20% of outlets did it. And then definitely we have had government churn in the UK over the last five years or so. So, every new prime minister really came in and wanted to have their own obesity policy threw out the last one started over. And every policy needs consulted on with the public and then with industry. And that whole process just kind of got derailed over and over again. Thank you. That is really helpful to understand that development of the policy and why it took time. Industry regulated policy can be a tricky one to actually see the results that we would hope. You've already given us a sort of insight into what you thought the results may be from previous studies - null to relatively small. So, Mike, I want to turn to you. Can you tell us what came out of the data? Mike - Thank you, yes. So, we found a small overall drop in average calories offered per item. That amounts to a total of nine calories per item reduction in our post policy period relative to pre policy. And this is about a 2% reduction. It was statistically significant and we do in public health talk about how small effects can still have big impacts. So, I do want to sort of put that out there, but also recognize that it was a small overall drop in calories. And then what we did is we looked at how different food groups changed, and also how calories changed at different types of restaurants, whether it was fast food, restaurants, sit downs that we call pubs, bars, and inns. And then also other different types of takeaways like cafes and things like that where you might get a coffee or a cappuccino or something like that. What we found was driving the overall reduction in calories was a reduction in higher calorie items. So, as Jean mentioned at the outset, one of the things we were trying to identify in this analysis was whether we saw any evidence of reformulation. And we defined reformulation as whether specific products were reduced in their calories so that the same products were lower calories in the post period. We define that as reformulation. And that would be different from, say, a change in menu offering where you might identify a high calorie item and take it off the menu so that then the overall calories offered goes down on average. We found more evidence for the latter. Higher calorie items were removed. We separated into categories of removed items, items that were present in both periods, and new items added in the post period. There were higher calorie items in the removed group. The items that were present in both periods did not change. The new items were lower calorie items. What this says overall is this average reduction is driven by taking off high calorie items, adding some slightly lower calorie items. But we did not find evidence for reformulation, which is a crucial finding as well. We saw that the largest reductions occurred in burgers, beverages and a rather large mixed group called Mains. So, burgers reduced by 103 calories per item. That's pretty substantial. One of the reasons that's so large is that burgers, particularly if they're offered at a pub and might even come with fries or chips, as they say in the UK. And because they have such a high baseline calorie level, there's more opportunity to reduce. So, whether it's making it slightly smaller patty or reducing the cheese or something like that, that's where we saw larger reductions among the burgers. With beverages, typically, this involved the addition of lower calorie options, which is important if it gives an opportunity for lower calorie selections. And that was the main driver of reduction there. And then also we saw in Mains a reduction of 30 calories per item. A couple of the other things we wanted to identify is whether there was a change in the number of items that were considered over England's recommended calories per meal. The recommended calories per meal is 600 calories or less for lunch and dinner. And we saw no statistical change in that group. So overall, we do see a slight reduction in average calories. But this study did not examine changes in consumer behavior. I do want to just briefly touch on that because this was part of a larger evaluation. Another study that was published using customer surveys that was published in Nature Human Behavior found no change in the average calories purchased or consumed after the policy. This evaluation was looking at both the supply and the demand side changes as a result of this policy. Thanks, Mike and I've got lots of questions to follow up, but I'll try to control myself. The first one I'm interested to understand is you talk about the importance of the really calorie-heavy items being removed and the introduction of newer, lower calorie items. And you said that this is not a study of the demand, but I'm interested to know, do you have a sense that the higher calorie items may not have been high or top sellers. It could be easy for a restaurant to get rid of those. Do you have any sense of, you know, the types of items that were removed and of the consumer demand for those items? Mike - Yes. So, as I mentioned, given that the largest changes were occurring among burgers, we're sort of doing this triangulation attempt to examine all of the different potential impacts we can with the study tools we have. We did not see those changes reflected in consumer purchases. So, I think sticking with the evidence, the best thing we could say is that the most frequently purchased items were not the ones that were being pulled off of menus. I think that would be the closest to the evidence. Now, no study is perfect and we did in that customer survey examine the purchases and consumption of about 3000 individuals before and after the policy. It's relatively large, but certainly not fully comprehensive. But based on what we were able to find, it would seem that those reductions in large calorie items, it's probably fair to say, were sort of marginal choices. So, we see some reduction in calories at the margins. That's why the overall is down, but we don't see at the most commonly sold. I should also mention in response to that, a lot of times when we think about eating out of home, we often think about fast food. We did not see reductions in fast food chains at all, essentially. And so really the largest reductions we found were in what would be considered more sit-down dining establishment. For example, sit-down restaurants or even pubs, bars and ends was one of our other categories. We did see average reductions in those chains. The areas you kind of think about for people grabbing food quickly on the go, we did not see reductions there. And we think some of this is a function of the data itself, which is pubs, bars and inns, because they offer larger plates, there's a little bit more space for them to reduce. And so those are where we saw the reductions. But in what we might typically think is sort of the grab and go type of food, we did not see reductions in those items. And so when we did our customer surveys, we saw that those did not lead to reductions in calories consumed. Ahh, I see this and thank you for this. It sounds like the portfolio adjusted: getting rid of those heavy calorie items, adding more of the lower calorie items that may not have actually changed what consumers actually eat. Because the ones that they typically eat didn't change at all. And I would imagine from what you've said that large global brands may not have made many changes, but more local brands have more flexibility is my assumption of that. So that, that's really helpful to see. As you all looked at the literature, you had the knowledge that previous studies have found relatively small changes. Could you tell us about what this work looks like globally? There are other countries that have tried policy similar to this. What did you learn from those other countries about menu labeling? Jean - Well, I mean, I'm tempted to say that we maybe should have learned that this wasn't the sort of policy that we could expect to make a big change. To me one of the really attractive features of a labeling policy is it kind of reflects back those two mechanisms we've talked about - information and reformulation or changing menus. Because we can talk about it in those two different ways of changing the environment and also helping consumers make better choices, then it can be very attractive across the political landscape. And I suspect that that is one of the things that the UK or England learned. And that's reflected in the fact that it took a little while to get it over the line, but that lots of different governments came back to it. That it's attractive to people thinking about food and thinking about how we can support people to eat better in kind of a range of different ways. I think what we learned, like putting the literature all together, is this sort of policy might have some small effects. It's not going to be the thing that kind of changes the dial on diet related diseases. But that it might well be part of an integrated strategy of many different tools together. I think we can also learn from the literature on labeling in the grocery sector where there's been much more exploration of different types of labeling. Whether colors work, whether black stop signs are more effective. And that leads us to conclusions that these more interpretive labels can lead to bigger impacts and consumer choices than just a number, right? A number is quite difficult to make some sense of. And I think that there are some ways that we could think about optimizing the policy in England before kind of writing it off as not effective. Thank you. I think what you're saying is it worked, but it works maybe in the context of other policies, is that a fair assessment? Jean - Well, I mean, the summary of our findings, Mike's touched on quite a lot of it. We found that there was an increase in outlets adhering to the policy. That went from about 20% offered any labeling to about 80%. So, there were still some places that were not doing what they were expected to do. But there was big changes in actual labeling practice. People also told us that they noticed the labels more and they said that they used them much more than they were previously. Like there was some labeling before. We had some big increases in noticing and using. But it's... we found this no change in calories purchased or calories consumed. Which leads to kind of interesting questions. Okay, so what were they doing with it when they were using it? And maybe some people were using it to help them make lower calorie choices, but other people were trying to optimize calories for money spent? We saw these very small changes in the mean calorie of items available that Mike's described in lots of detail. And then we also did some work kind of exploring with restaurants, people who worked in the restaurant chains and also people responsible for enforcement, kind of exploring their experiences with the policy. And one of the big conclusions from that was that local government were tasked with enforcement, but they weren't provided with any additional resources to make that happen. And for various reasons, it essentially didn't happen. And we've seen that with a number of different policies in the food space in the UK. That there's this kind of presumption of compliance. Most people are doing it all right. We're not doing it a hundred percent and that's probably because it's not being checked and there's no sanction for not following the letter of the law. One of the reasons that local authorities are not doing enforcement, apart from that they don't have resources or additional resources for it, is that they have lots of other things to do in the food space, and they see those things as like higher risk. And so more important to do. One of those things is inspecting for hygiene, making sure that the going out is not poisonous or adulterated or anything like that. And you can absolutely understand that. These things that might cause acute sickness, or even death in the case of allergies, are much more important for them to be keeping an eye on than labeling. One of the other things that emerged through the process of implementation, and during our evaluation, was a big concern from communities with experience of eating disorders around kind of a greater focus on calorie counting. And lots of people recounting their experience that they just find that very difficult to be facing in a space where they're maybe not trying to think about their eating disorder or health. And then they're suddenly confronted with it. And when we've gone back and looked at the literature, there's just not very much literature on the impact of calorie labeling on people with eating disorders. And so we're a little bit uncertain still about whether that is a problem, but it's certainly perceived to be a problem. And lots of people find the policy difficult for that reason because they know someone in their family or one of their friends with an eating disorder. And they're very alert to that potential harm. I think this is a really important point to raise that the law, the menu labeling, could have differential effects on different consumers. I'm not versed in this literature on the triggering effects of seeing menu labeling for people with disordered eating. But then I'm also thinking about a different group of consumers. Consumers who are already struggling with obesity, and whether or not this policy is more effective for those individuals versus folks who are not. In the work that you all did, did you have any sense of are there heterogeneous effects of the labeling? Did different consumers respond differentially to seeing the menu label? Not just, for example, individuals maybe with disordered eating? Mike - In this work, we mostly focused on compliance, customer responses in terms of consumption and purchases, changes in menus, and customers reporting whether or not they increase noticing and using. When we looked at the heterogeneous effects, some of these questions are what led us to propose a new project where we interviewed people and tried to understand their responses to calorie labeling. And there we get a lot of heterogenous groups. In those studies, and this work has not actually been published, but should be in the new year, we found that there's a wide range of different types of responses to the policy. For example, there may be some people who recently started going to the gym and maybe they're trying to actually bulk up. And so, they'll actually choose higher calorie items. Conversely, there may be people who have a fitness routine or a dieting lifestyle that involves calorie tracking. And they might be using an app in order to enter the calories into that. And those people who are interested in calorie counting, they really loved the policy. They really wanted the policy. And it gave them a sense of control over their diet. And they felt comfortable and were really worried that if there was evidence that it wouldn't work, that would be taken away. Then you have a whole different group of people who are living with eating disorders who don't want to interact with those numbers when they are eating out of home. They would rather eat socially and not have to think about those challenges. There's really vast diversity in terms of the responses to the policy. And that does present a challenge. And I think what it also does is cause us just to question what is the intended mechanism of action of this policy? Because when the policy was implemented, there's an idea of a relatively narrow set of effects. If customers don't understand the number of calories that are in their items, you just provide them with the calories that are in those items, they will then make better choices as rational actors. But we know that eating out of home is far more complex. It's social. There are issues related to value for money. So maybe people want to make sure they're purchasing food that hasn't been so reduced in portions that now they don't get the value for money when they eat out. There are all sorts of body image related challenges when people may eat out. We didn't find a lot of evidence of this in our particular sample, but also in some of our consultation with the public in developing the interview, there's concern about judgment from peers when eating out. So, it's a very sensitive topic. Some of the implications of that are we do probably need more communication strategies that can come alongside these policies and sort of explain the intended mechanism impact to the public. We can't expect to simply add numbers to items and then expect that people are going to make the exact choices that are sort of in the best interest of public health. And that sort of brings us on to some potential alternative mechanisms of impact and other modes of labeling, and those sorts of things. Mike, this has been really helpful because you've also hinted at some of the ways that this policy as implemented, could have been improved. And I wonder, do you have any other thoughts to add to how to make a policy like this have a bigger impact. Mike - Absolutely. One of the things that was really helpful when Jean laid out her framing of the policy was there's multiple potential mechanisms of action. One of those is the potential reformulation in menu change. We talked about those results. Another intended mechanism of action is through consumer choice. So, if items have fewer calories on average, then that could reduce ultimately calories consumed. Or if people make choices of lower calorie items, that could also be a way to reduce the overall calories consumed. And I would say this calorie labeling policy, it is a step because the calories were not previously available. People did not know what they were eating. And if you provide that, that fulfills the duty of transparency by businesses. When we spoke to people who worked in enforcement, they did support the policy simply on the basis of transparency because it's important for people to understand what they're consuming. And so that's sort of a generally acceptable principle. However, if we want to actually have stronger population health impact, then we do need to have stronger mechanisms of action. One of the ways that can reduce calories consumed by the consumers, so the sort of demand side, would be some of the interpretive labels. Jean mentioned them earlier. There's now a growing body of evidence of across, particularly in Latin America. I would say some of the strongest evidence began in Chile, but also in Mexico and in other Latin American countries where they've put warning labels on items in order to reduce their consumption. These are typically related to packaged foods is where most of the work has been done. But in order to reduce consumer demand, what it does is rather than expecting people to be sort of doing math problems on the fly, as they go around and make their choices, you're actually just letting them know, well, by the way, this is an item that's very high in calories or saturated fat, or sodium or sugars. Or some combination of those. What that does is you've already helped make that decision for the consumers. You've at least let them know this item has a high level of nutrients of concern. And you can take that away. Conversely, if you have an item that's 487 calories, do you really know what you're going to do with that information? So that's one way to have stronger impact. The other way that that type of policy can have stronger impact is it sets clear thresholds for those warnings. And so, when you have clear thresholds for warnings, you can have a stronger mechanism for reformulation. And what companies may want to do is they may not want to display those warning labels, maybe because it's embarrassing. It makes their candy or whatever the unhealthy food look bad. Sort of an eyesore, which is the point. And what they'll do is they can reformulate those nutrients to lower levels so that they no longer qualify for that regulation. And so there are ways to essentially strengthen both of those mechanisms of action. Whereas when it's simply on the basis of transparency, then what that does is leave all of the decision making and work on the consumer. Mike, this is great because I've worked with colleagues like Gabby Fretes and Sean Cash and others on some menu labeling out of Chile. And we're currently doing some work within the center on food nutrition labels to see how different consumers are responding. There's a lot more work to be done in this space. And, of course, our colleagues at UNC (University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill) have also been doing this work. So, this work is really important because it tells us how it can help consumers make different choices, and how it can affect how companies behave. My final question to the two of you is simply, what would you like policymakers to learn from this study? Or maybe not just this study alone, but this body of work. What should they take away? Jean - Well, I think there's lots of information out there on how to do food labeling well, and we can certainly learn from that. And Mike talks about the work from South America particularly where they're helping people identify the least healthy products. And they're also providing messaging around what you should do with that - like choose a product with fewer of these black symbols. But I think even if labeling is optimized, it's not really going to solve our problem of dietary related diseases. And I think I always want policymakers to know, and I think many of them do understand this, that there is no one magic solution and we need to be thinking about labeling as part of a strategy that addresses marketing in its entirety, right? Companies are using all sorts of strategies to encourage us to buy products. We need to be thinking of all sorts of strategies to support people to buy different products and to eat better. And I think that focuses on things like rebalancing price, supporting people to afford healthier food, focusing advertising and price promotions on healthier products. And I also think we need to be looking even further upstream though, right? That we need to be thinking about the incentives that are driving companies to make and sell less healthy products. Because I don't think that they particularly want to be selling less healthy products or causing lots of illness. It's those products are helping them achieve their aims of creating profit and growth for their shareholders. And I think we need to find creative ways to support companies to experiment with healthier products that either help them simultaneously achieve those demands of profit or growth. Or somehow allow them to step away from those demands either for a short period or for a longer period. I think that that requires us to kind of relook at how we do business in economics in our countries. Mike? Yes, I think that was a really thorough answer by Jean. So, I'll just add a couple points. I think most fundamentally what we need to think about when we're doing policy making to improve diet is we need to always think about are we helping to make the healthier choice the easier choice? And what that means is we're not implementing policies that merely provide information that then require individuals to do the rest of the work. We need to have a food environment that includes healthier options that are easily accessible, but also affordable. That's one thing that's come through in quite a lot of the work we've done. There are a lot of concerns about the high cost of food. If people feel like the healthier choices are also affordable choices, that's one of many ways to support the easier choice. And I really just want to reiterate what Jean said in terms of the economics of unhealthy food. In many ways, these large multinational corporations are from their perspective, doing right by their shareholders by producing a profitable product. Now there are debates on whether or not that's a good thing, of course. There's quite a lot of evidence for the negative health impacts of ultra-processed (UPF) products, and those are getting a lot more attention these days and that's a good thing. What we do need to think about is why is it that UPFs are so widely consumed. In many ways they are optimized to be over consumed. They're optimized to be highly profitable. Because the ingredients that are involved in their production means that they can add a lot of salt, sugar, and fat. And what that does is lead to overconsumption. We need to think about that there's something fundamentally broken about this incentive structure. That is incentivizing businesses to sell unhealthy food products with these food additives that lead to over consumption, obesity, and the associated comorbidities. And if we can start to make a little progress and think creatively about how could we incentivize a different incentive structure. One where actually it would be in a food business's best interest to be much more innovative and bolder and produce healthier products for everyone. That's something that I think we will have to contend with because if we are thinking that we are only going to be able to restrict our way out of this, then that's very difficult. Because people still need to have healthy alternatives, and so we can't merely think about restricting. We also have to think about how do we promote access to healthier foods. This is great insight. I appreciate the phrasing of making the healthy choice the easy choice, and I also heard a version of this making the healthy choice the affordable choice. But it also seems like we need to find ways to make the healthy choice the profitable choice as well. Bios: Jean Adams is a Professor of Dietary Public Health and leads the Population Health Interventions Programme at the University of Cambridge MRC Epidemiology Unit. Adams trained in medicine before completing a PhD on socio-economic inequalities in health. This was followed by an MRC Health of the Population fellowship and an NIHR Career Development Fellowship both exploring influences on health behaviours and socio-economic inequalities in these. During these fellowships Jean was appointed Lecturer, then Senior Lecturer, in Public Health at Newcastle University. Jean moved to Cambridge University to join the MRC Epidemiology Unit and CEDAR in 2014 where she helped establish the Dietary Public Health group. She became Programme Leader in the newly formed Population Health Interventions programme in 2020, and was appointed Professor of Dietary Public Health in 2022. Mike Essman is a Research Scientist at Duke University's World Food Policy Center. His background is in evaluating nutrition and food policies aimed at improving diets and preventing cardiometabolic diseases. His work employs both quantitative and qualitative methods to explore drivers of dietary behavior, particularly ultra-processed food consumption, across diverse environments and countries. Mike earned his PhD in Nutrition Epidemiology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where his research focused on evaluating the impacts of a sugary beverage tax in South Africa. He completed MSc degrees in Medical Anthropology and Global Health Science at the University of Oxford through a fellowship. Prior to joining Duke, he conducted research at the MRC Epidemiology Unit at the University of Cambridge, where he evaluated the impacts of calorie labeling policies in England and led a study examining public perceptions of ultra-processed foods.  

Andy Marsh has served as CEO of Plug since April 2008, guiding the company's transformation into a global leader in the hydrogen economy. Under his leadership, Plug has built the industry's first vertically integrated green hydrogen ecosystem—spanning production, storage, delivery, and power generation—to help customers decarbonize at scale and achieve energy independence. A forward-thinking executive with deep technical expertise and a strong commercial focus, Marsh has led Plug's strategic evolution from a fuel cell pioneer to a full-spectrum hydrogen solutions provider. His vision and leadership have positioned Plug at the forefront of the global energy transition, delivering breakthrough technologies and building long-term partnerships with industry leaders like Amazon, Walmart, and Home Depot. Prior to Plug, Marsh was co-founder and CEO of Valere Power, a power solutions company serving the telecommunications industry. Under his leadership, Valere grew into a profitable global operation with more than 200 employees and $90 million in revenue, ultimately leading to its acquisition by Eltek ASA in 2007. During his tenure, Valere earned numerous accolades, including the Tech Titan Award and Red Herring's Top 100 Innovators. Marsh is a recognized thought leader in the hydrogen and clean energy sectors. He is the former Chair of the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Energy Association (FCHEA), a member of the Hydrogen Council, and serves on several boards, including GEVO, the UAlbany Economic Advisory Board, and the Northern Ireland Delegation.He holds a Master's in Electrical Engineering from Duke University, an MBA from Southern Methodist University, and a Bachelor's degree in Engineering from Temple University. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Dorie Clark is an executive education professor at Duke University's Fuqua School of Business and Columbia Business School, and is the bestselling author of several books, including The Long Game and Stand Out. A frequent Harvard Business Review contributor, she has consulted for leading organizations including Google, Microsoft, and the World Bank. Dorie is former presidential campaign spokeswoman, an award-winning journalist, and a four-time Thinkers50 honoree who was named the world's top communication coach by the Marshall Goldsmith Leading Global Coaches Awards. Dorie holds degrees from Smith College and Harvard Divinity School. In this episode we discuss the following: While Dorie was working grueling hours on the campaign trail for low pay, her boss was earning 10 times her monthly salary in one hour speeches—and that sparked Dorie's curiosity. She realized that the massive pay difference came down to scale. Even if Broadway actors are just as talented as Hollywood actors, the Hollywood actors reach millions more people, thus commanding a premium. Dorie also saw that her boss had earned trust of other high status people who vouched for him. By building up social proof through brand affiliations, media appearances, and content creation, we make it easier for people to trust us. And we can also increase our scale. 

For part 6 of 12 on “What is the Nicene Creed?” we unpack these lines:by the power of the Holy Spirit        he became incarnate from the Virgin Mary,        and was made manThe Virgin Mary is a powerful force in Christian imagination – meaning, whether you venerate her or are suspicious of folks “praying to” her, whether you grew up celebrating the many apparitions of Mary or vaguely only heard her referred to around Christmas, her role in Jesus' life and our lives communicates what we believe about motherhood, virginity, women, and Jesus' incarnation. So why is she included in the Creed? What about her presence, consent to bear the Christ child, and reproductive status made her significant enough to be the only human being referenced besides Pontius Pilate? Join Mary devotee (Rev. Lizzie), Mary skeptic (Rev. Laura), and our guest, Mariology expert (Rev. Dr. Amey Victoria Adkins-Jones) as we unpack these questions and more. More about our guest: Amey Victoria Adkins-Jones is Assistant Professor of Theology and Africana studies at the Candler School of Theology of Emory University, in Atlanta, Georgia. Adkins-Jones came to Candler from Boston College, where she served as Assistant Professor of Theology and African and African Diaspora Studies. A theologian and scholar of Black religion, she specializes in Mariology, Black feminist and womanist thought, and theological anthropology. A graduate of the University of Virginia and Duke Divinity School, she received her Ph.D. in Religion from Duke University in 2016 with a Certificate in Feminist Theory. She was the first Black woman to graduate from the doctoral program in Christian theology and ethics.Her first monograph, Immaculate Misconceptions: A Black Mariology (Oxford University Press, June 2025), argues that "Mary is Black," and is a Black feminist theological account of the icon of the Black Madonna and the rise of the global sex trade. She is at work on a second book project, See No Evil, which explores how visual technologies and artificial intelligence impact public perception of violence and Black death, developing a theological framework for Black protest.. Outside of academia, Rev. Dr. Adkins-Jones is an ordained Baptist minister who frequently preaches and teaches around the country, and brings pastoral sensibility to her work centering social justice. She is a practicing birth worker (doula), a trained iconographer, and has a career background in UX Copywriting and Design. She joyfully shares life and builds community with her beloved spouse and four children in Atlanta, Georgia.Instagram: @tomuchavail, @blackfuturesarchiveWeb: adkinsjones.com+++Like what you hear? We are an entirely crowd-sourced, you-funded project. SUPPORT US ON PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/AndAlsoWithYouPodcastThere's all kinds of perks including un-aired live episodes, Zoom retreats, and mailbag episodes for our Patreons!+++Our Website: https://andalsowithyoupod.comOur Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/andalsowithyoupodcast/++++MERCH: https://www.bonfire.com/store/and-also-with-you-the-podcast/++++More about Father Lizzie:BOOK: https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/762683/god-didnt-make-us-to-hate-us-by-rev-lizzie-mcmanus-dail/RevLizzie.comhttps://www.instagram.com/rev.lizzie/https://www.tiktok.com/@rev.lizzieJubilee Episcopal Church in Austin, TX - JubileeATX.org ++++More about Mother Laura:https://www.instagram.com/laura.peaches/https://www.tiktok.com/@mother_peachesSt. Paul's Episcopal Church in Pittsburgh, PA++++Theme music:"On Our Own Again" by Blue Dot Sessions (www.sessions.blue).New episodes drop Mondays at 7am EST/6am CST! 

This is an unabridged bilingual, fully annotated edition of Tullia d'Aragona's epic poem The Wretch. This mid-century epic reflects the many historical and religious changes taking place in the first half of the sixteenth century in Europe and the burgeoning literary debates following the publication of another Italian epic poem, Ariosto's Orlando Furioso. The Wretch recounts the adventures of Guerrino, a nobleman captured by pirates as an infant and sold into slavery. His famous quest in search of his parents and his identity involves abductions, same-sex seductions, and skirmishes with fantastical beasts as he travels through Europe, Turkey, Africa, India, Arabia, and the Purgatory of St. Patrick. The poem occupies an important position in the development of the prestigious epic genre, the highest step on the ladder to literary recognition and fame, and Tullia's work paved the way for the epics of other women writers in subsequent decades. Edited by Julia L. Hairston, with an Introduction by Julia L. Hairston, translated by John C. McLucas Kate Driscoll is Assistant Professor of Italian and Romance Studies at Duke University. She is a specialist of early modern Italian and European literary and cultural history, with interests in women's and gender studies, performance history, and the cultures of diplomacy and reception. Her monograph, Tasso and Women Readers: Literary Hospitality in Early Modern Italy (forthcoming with Cambridge University Press) won the 28th annual Aldo and Jeanne Scaglione Publication Award for a Manuscript in Italian Literary Studies. Email: kate.driscoll@duke.edu. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

This is an unabridged bilingual, fully annotated edition of Tullia d'Aragona's epic poem The Wretch. This mid-century epic reflects the many historical and religious changes taking place in the first half of the sixteenth century in Europe and the burgeoning literary debates following the publication of another Italian epic poem, Ariosto's Orlando Furioso. The Wretch recounts the adventures of Guerrino, a nobleman captured by pirates as an infant and sold into slavery. His famous quest in search of his parents and his identity involves abductions, same-sex seductions, and skirmishes with fantastical beasts as he travels through Europe, Turkey, Africa, India, Arabia, and the Purgatory of St. Patrick. The poem occupies an important position in the development of the prestigious epic genre, the highest step on the ladder to literary recognition and fame, and Tullia's work paved the way for the epics of other women writers in subsequent decades. Edited by Julia L. Hairston, with an Introduction by Julia L. Hairston, translated by John C. McLucas Kate Driscoll is Assistant Professor of Italian and Romance Studies at Duke University. She is a specialist of early modern Italian and European literary and cultural history, with interests in women's and gender studies, performance history, and the cultures of diplomacy and reception. Her monograph, Tasso and Women Readers: Literary Hospitality in Early Modern Italy (forthcoming with Cambridge University Press) won the 28th annual Aldo and Jeanne Scaglione Publication Award for a Manuscript in Italian Literary Studies. Email: kate.driscoll@duke.edu. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/literary-studies

This is an unabridged bilingual, fully annotated edition of Tullia d'Aragona's epic poem The Wretch. This mid-century epic reflects the many historical and religious changes taking place in the first half of the sixteenth century in Europe and the burgeoning literary debates following the publication of another Italian epic poem, Ariosto's Orlando Furioso. The Wretch recounts the adventures of Guerrino, a nobleman captured by pirates as an infant and sold into slavery. His famous quest in search of his parents and his identity involves abductions, same-sex seductions, and skirmishes with fantastical beasts as he travels through Europe, Turkey, Africa, India, Arabia, and the Purgatory of St. Patrick. The poem occupies an important position in the development of the prestigious epic genre, the highest step on the ladder to literary recognition and fame, and Tullia's work paved the way for the epics of other women writers in subsequent decades. Edited by Julia L. Hairston, with an Introduction by Julia L. Hairston, translated by John C. McLucas Kate Driscoll is Assistant Professor of Italian and Romance Studies at Duke University. She is a specialist of early modern Italian and European literary and cultural history, with interests in women's and gender studies, performance history, and the cultures of diplomacy and reception. Her monograph, Tasso and Women Readers: Literary Hospitality in Early Modern Italy (forthcoming with Cambridge University Press) won the 28th annual Aldo and Jeanne Scaglione Publication Award for a Manuscript in Italian Literary Studies. Email: kate.driscoll@duke.edu. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This is an unabridged bilingual, fully annotated edition of Tullia d'Aragona's epic poem The Wretch. This mid-century epic reflects the many historical and religious changes taking place in the first half of the sixteenth century in Europe and the burgeoning literary debates following the publication of another Italian epic poem, Ariosto's Orlando Furioso. The Wretch recounts the adventures of Guerrino, a nobleman captured by pirates as an infant and sold into slavery. His famous quest in search of his parents and his identity involves abductions, same-sex seductions, and skirmishes with fantastical beasts as he travels through Europe, Turkey, Africa, India, Arabia, and the Purgatory of St. Patrick. The poem occupies an important position in the development of the prestigious epic genre, the highest step on the ladder to literary recognition and fame, and Tullia's work paved the way for the epics of other women writers in subsequent decades. Edited by Julia L. Hairston, with an Introduction by Julia L. Hairston, translated by John C. McLucas Kate Driscoll is Assistant Professor of Italian and Romance Studies at Duke University. She is a specialist of early modern Italian and European literary and cultural history, with interests in women's and gender studies, performance history, and the cultures of diplomacy and reception. Her monograph, Tasso and Women Readers: Literary Hospitality in Early Modern Italy (forthcoming with Cambridge University Press) won the 28th annual Aldo and Jeanne Scaglione Publication Award for a Manuscript in Italian Literary Studies. Email: kate.driscoll@duke.edu. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/european-studies

This is an unabridged bilingual, fully annotated edition of Tullia d'Aragona's epic poem The Wretch. This mid-century epic reflects the many historical and religious changes taking place in the first half of the sixteenth century in Europe and the burgeoning literary debates following the publication of another Italian epic poem, Ariosto's Orlando Furioso. The Wretch recounts the adventures of Guerrino, a nobleman captured by pirates as an infant and sold into slavery. His famous quest in search of his parents and his identity involves abductions, same-sex seductions, and skirmishes with fantastical beasts as he travels through Europe, Turkey, Africa, India, Arabia, and the Purgatory of St. Patrick. The poem occupies an important position in the development of the prestigious epic genre, the highest step on the ladder to literary recognition and fame, and Tullia's work paved the way for the epics of other women writers in subsequent decades. Edited by Julia L. Hairston, with an Introduction by Julia L. Hairston, translated by John C. McLucas Kate Driscoll is Assistant Professor of Italian and Romance Studies at Duke University. She is a specialist of early modern Italian and European literary and cultural history, with interests in women's and gender studies, performance history, and the cultures of diplomacy and reception. Her monograph, Tasso and Women Readers: Literary Hospitality in Early Modern Italy (forthcoming with Cambridge University Press) won the 28th annual Aldo and Jeanne Scaglione Publication Award for a Manuscript in Italian Literary Studies. Email: kate.driscoll@duke.edu. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/italian-studies

Today Razib talks to Sean Trende. He is a prominent American political analyst who currently serves as the Senior Elections Analyst for RealClearPolitics, a position he has held since 2010. He is also a Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) and a lecturer at The Ohio State University, where he earned his Ph.D. in political science in 2023. Before transitioning to full-time political analysis, Trende practiced law for eight years at firms including Kirkland & Ellis LLP and Hunton & Williams LLP, holding a J.D. and M.A. from Duke University and a B.A. from Yale University. Known for his expertise in election forecasting, redistricting, and political demographics, he authored the book The Lost Majority (2012), co-authored The Almanac of American Politics 2014, and served as a court-appointed special master to redraw Virginia's legislative districts in 2021. Trende and Razib first talk about the elections in the fall of 2025 in Virginia and New Jersey, and what they tell us about the elections next year. They also discuss the election of Zohran Mamdani in New York City, and the rise of populism on the Left and Right. Razib asks Trende about why political commentary often assumes single-party rule is about to happen, only to be refuted by the reality of the opposition's resurgence once these claims are made. They also talk about Trende's distinctive personal background, and his perspective as a more centrist-libertarian commentator and professor in the political analyst field.

Get ready for a gripping conversation with J. Lee (@j.leeauthor), the award-winning author behind The Hubley Case, The Silent Cardinal, The Deadly Deal, and The Reluctant Reckoner. With dual degrees in Engineering and Sociology from Duke University, J. Lee brings a rare blend of analytical precision and deep insight into human behavior to his thrillers—creating stories packed with suspense, moral tension, and unforgettable twists.In this episode, we talk about the craft of writing thrillers, the influence of real-world systems and social dynamics on fiction, and how moral questions elevate mystery and suspense. J. Lee also shares insights into his writing journey, his inspiration, and what drives the pulse-pounding stories readers love.If you enjoy smart thrillers, complex characters, and conversations that go beyond the page, this episode is for you.

Vann Thomas Powell, Lisa Beard, and Micah McCoy remotely joined Michael Chovan-Dalton and Dani Paglione at the JKC Gallery at Mercer County College to talk about their newly formed photography collective, Disparate Projects. We will also discuss the process of publishing their first book, Fractured by Christiaan Lopez-Miro.Vann Thomas Powell is a photographer, curator, and researcher. Vann received his MFA in Experimental and Documentary Art at Duke University (2023) and has been featured in solo exhibitions, books, and periodicals in the United States and abroad including The Independent (UK), Glitterati Editions (New York, NY). His books and works can be found in private and public collections including the Rubenstein Rare Books and Manuscripts Library (Duke University) and the Museum of Fine Art Special Collections (Tufts University). Vann is a Photolucida Critical Mass 2023 Top 200 Finalist.Lisa Beard is a photo-based artist, writer, teacher, and curator. Featured in national and international exhibitions, her work has appeared in group and solo shows, recently as a featured exhibitor for Head On Photo Festival in Sydney, AU. She has also been included in publications for The International Center of Photography, The Hand Magazine, Float Magazine, and Broad Magazine. She is a 2024 Klompching Fresh Finalist and Photolucida Critical Mass 2024 Top 200 Finalist. Lisa received her MFA in Media Arts from Maine Media College (2022).Micah McCoy is a photographer, curator, and poet based in Northwest Arkansas. He received his MFA in Photography from Columbia College Chicago (2022) and has exhibited work in solo and group exhibitions both in the United States and abroad. His work explores issues of religiosity, anxiety, and social detachment. Micah's editorial photography has been featured in publications including NBC News, The New York Post, and others. https://disparateprojects.comDisparate Projects is an evolving collective and platform dedicated to the exploration of contemporary photography. Founded by Lisa Beard, Micah McCoy, and Vann Thomas Powell, we are committed to thoughtful photographic curation, engaging critical discussions in photographic theory, and nurturing collaborations with photographers of disparate approaches.This podcast is sponsored by the Charcoal Book ClubBegin Building your dream photobook library today athttps://charcoalbookclub.comThe Real Photo Show is hosted and produced by Michael Chovan-DaltonThe JKC Gallery Artist Talks are hosted and produced by: Real Photo Show/Michael Chovan-Dalton, Julia Colonna, and Dani Paglione.

"In Advent, we celebrate and anticipate the earth-shaking, life-transforming good news that God is coming to us. Watch out. Get ready. God is on the way." – Will Willimon, Heaven and Earth  Rev. Dr. Will Willimon joined Good Shepherd on Tuesday, December 10, 2025 via Zoom for a conversation about the often-misunderstood season of Advent. In 2024, Willimon authored "Heaven and Earth: Advent and the Incarnation" and this conversation touched on the message of the book along with his experiences in leading congregations through the season of Advent. About Will Willimon | (Bio from Heaven and Earth) Will Willimon is a preacher and teacher of preachers. He is a United Methodist bishop (retired) and serves as Professor of the Practice of Christian Ministry and the Director of the Doctor of Ministry program at Duke Divinity School. He is former Dean of the Chapel at Duke University and is considered by many as one of America's best-known and most influential preachers. He has written over 90 books and has sold over a million copies.

Synopsis: This episode is proudly sponsored by Quartzy. What happens when engineering discipline, business pragmatism, and breakthrough immunology collide? In this episode of Biotech 2050, host Alok Tayi sits down with Jay Hartenbach, President & COO of Diakonos Oncology, to unpack one of the most unconventional—and promising—approaches in cancer immunotherapy today. Jay traces his journey from biomedical engineering into biotech operations, sharing how Diakonos was built outside the traditional venture playbook and why the company chose to tackle two of the most punishing cancers first: glioblastoma and pancreatic cancer. He reveals how Diakonos' dual-loading dendritic cell platform creates an exponentially stronger immune response—essentially tricking the body into launching a viral-level attack against cancer. From capital-efficient clinical execution to nontraditional fundraising and early signs of durable patient responses, this conversation offers a rare, behind-the-scenes look at how bold science, disciplined operations, and relentless persistence can reshape what's possible in oncology. Biography: Jay Hartenbach is a distinguished leader in the biotechnology and wellness sectors, known for his passionate commitment to advancing innovative healthcare solutions and transforming patient outcomes. He currently serves as President and Chief Operating Officer at Diakonos Oncology, where he is leading the team through the development and clinical advancement of pioneering immunotherapies targeting some of the most difficult-to-treat cancers, including glioblastoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.​ Since joining Diakonos Oncology, Jay has been instrumental in achieving significant milestones such as attaining FDA Fast Track and Orphan Drug Designation for the company's lead candidate, DOC1021, securing greater than $30 million in financing, and establishing research collaborations with leading cancer centers to advance the clinical trials of the company's novel dendritic cell vaccine platform. Before his role at Diakonos, Jay co-founded Medterra, a globally recognized wellness company that set industry standards for quality and innovation, and where he continues to serve as Chairman of the Board, shaping high-level strategic direction. He also co-founded Perland Pharmaceuticals, an early-stage biotech firm focused on developing therapies for arthritis conditions, and has held leadership and board advisory roles across several life sciences ventures.​ Jay holds a degree in biomedical engineering from the University of Miami and a Master of Engineering Management from Duke University, grounding his entrepreneurial leadership with scientific expertise.

Send us a textRetired Rear Admiral Gene Kendall joins cardiologist Dr. Michael Koren to discuss his exciting career, starting as one of the first Black students at Duke University. The former admiral discusses the excitement, disappointment, and life lessons going from a "big fish in a small pond" to an elite school and how the military was a way for him to regain self-respect. The duo then moves to talking about healthcare, some of the differences between the military system, our insurance-based system, and the clinical trial system. They also get into some of the challenges the clinical trial system has had engaging with African American communities.Be a part of advancing science by participating in clinical research.Have a question for Dr. Koren? Email him at askDrKoren@MedEvidence.comListen on SpotifyListen on Apple PodcastsWatch on YouTubeShare with a friend. Rate, Review, and Subscribe to the MedEvidence! podcast to be notified when new episodes are released.Follow us on Social Media:FacebookInstagramX (Formerly Twitter)LinkedInWant to learn more? Checkout our entire library of podcasts, videos, articles and presentations at www.MedEvidence.comMusic: Storyblocks - Corporate InspiredThank you for listening!

Pre-Order my new book ADHD IS OVER! now on Amazon: tinyurl.com/532b2ck8 This episode is an important one! So buckle up. And I mean it. My guest today is Dr. Allen Frances. Dr. Frances is a Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry at Duke University and most notably the former Chair of the DSM-IV Task Force, the group responsible for shaping modern psychiatric diagnostic criteria used around the world. Once a leading architect inside the system, Dr. Frances later became one of its most prominent and outspoken critics, warning that diagnostic categories had expanded far beyond their original intent and that everyday human struggles were increasingly being mislabeled as disorders. Over the past decade, he has spoken openly — and with rare humility — about the unintended consequences of his own work. Dr. Frances has publicly taken responsibility for helping set the stage for what he has called the “epidemic” of ADHD and other childhood diagnoses, acknowledging that DSM-IV's broadened criteria contributed to widespread overdiagnosis and over-medication. He has also forcefully warned about the distorting influence of Big Pharma, calling out how aggressive drug marketing and financial entanglements have shaped prescribing culture and fueled unnecessary psychiatric drug use. Dr. Frances is the author of numerous influential papers and books, including the widely acclaimed Saving Normal, in which he warns against the medicalization of normal life and advocates for protecting human diversity from unnecessary psychiatric labeling. So for anyone who is still questioning whether to fully trust psychiatry — or at the very least believes it should be questioned — this is an essential conversation. You are about to hear from someone who was instrumental in designing the very system that has become the global diagnostic bible used by mental health professionals everywhere — a system that may even define how your own child has been labeled or will be labeled with disorders like ADHD. For more information on this podcast, please visit www.adhdisover.com

In this episode of Behind the Knife, the minimally invasive surgery (MIS) team dives deep into the evolving field of common bile duct exploration (CBDE). From the historical context of laparoscopic approaches to the latest advances including robotic-assisted techniques, Drs. Shaina Eckhouse, James Jung, Zachary Weitzner, and Joey Lew discuss key evidence shaping modern practice. Listeners will learn about indications and anatomy guiding trans-cystic versus trans-choledochal approaches, practical tips for safe stone clearance, and critical considerations around learning curves and team coordination for robotic procedures. The episode also highlights important studies comparing single-stage laparoscopic CBDE with staged ERCP and cholecystectomy, emphasizing outcomes such as stone clearance, pancreatitis rates, and hospital length of stay. This comprehensive overview is a must-listen for MIS and acute care surgeons interested in optimizing the management of choledocholithiasis and streamlining patient care with minimally invasive techniques. Hosts:  - Shaina Eckhouse, MD, Bariatric Surgery Medical Director and Vice Chair of Clinical Operations, Department of Surgery, Duke University - James Jung, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Surgery, Duke University - Zachary Weitzner, MD, Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery Fellow, Duke University, @ZachWeitznerMD - Joey Lew, MD, MFA, Surgical resident PGY-3, Duke University, @lew__actually Learning Goals:  By the end of this episode, listeners will be able to: -  Describe the historical approaches to managing choledocholithiasis, including staged interventions and the evolution toward single-stage laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (CBDE). -  Summarize key clinical evidence comparing CBDE and ERCP, including landmark studies and meta-analyses evaluating outcomes, complications, and trends over time.​ - Distinguish between transcystic and transcholedochal approaches to CBDE, explaining indications, contraindications, and technical nuances for each technique.​ -  Identify appropriate candidates for transcystic exploration based on cystic duct anatomy and stone characteristics.​ - Recognize the impact of newer surgical technologies—such as digital choledochoscopy, Spyglass, and robotic platforms—on CBDE practice, efficiency, and safety.​ - Discuss the importance of multidisciplinary teamwork, preparation, and perioperative planning for successful CBDE, particularly in complex or altered anatomy cases.​​ - Appraise the learning curve and quality of evidence for new CBDE procedures, outlining the need for mentorship, ongoing training, and knowing when to collaborate with GI or hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) surgery.​ - Outline approaches and bailout strategies for challenging cases, including patients with surgically altered anatomy and use of adjuncts such as intraoperative cholangiography (IOC), feeding tube placement, and Fanelli stents.​​ - Evaluate safety outcomes and limitations associated with robotic-assisted CBDE and single-stage management, incorporating recent data from population-based studies.​ -  Reflect on strategies for tailoring CBDE techniques to individual patient anatomy, surgeon experience, and available resources, advocating for evidence-based practice and continuous learning. References: -  Giurgiu DI, Margulies DR, Carroll BJ, et al. Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration: Long-term Outcome. Arch Surg. 1999;134(8):839-844. doi:10.1001/archsurg.134.8.839 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10443806/ -  Lyu Y, Cheng Y, Li T, Cheng B, Jin X. Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration plus cholecystectomy versus endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography plus laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholecystocholedocholithiasis: a meta-analysis. Surg Endosc. 2019;33(10):3275-3286. doi:10.1007/s00464-018-06613-w https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30511313/ - Bekheit M, Smith R, Ramsay G, Soggiu F, Ghazanfar M, Ahmed I. Meta‐analysis of laparoscopic transcystic versus transcholedochal common bile duct exploration for choledocholithiasis. BJS Open. 2019;3(3):242-251. doi:10.1002/bjs5.50132 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31183439/ - Cironi K, Martin MJ. Reclaim the duct! Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration for the acute care surgeon. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2025;10(Suppl 1). doi:10.1136/tsaco-2025-001821 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40255986/ - Zhang C, Cheung DC, Johnson E, et al. Robotic Common Bile Duct Exploration for Choledocholithiasis. JSLS J Soc Laparosc Robot Surg. 2025;29(1):e2024.00075. doi:10.4293/JSLS.2024.00075 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40144383/ - Kalata S, Thumma JR, Norton EC, Dimick JB, Sheetz KH. Comparative Safety of Robotic-Assisted vs Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. JAMA Surg. 2023;158(12):1303-1310. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2023.4389 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37728932/ Ad Disclosure: Visit goremedical.com/btkpod to learn more about GORE® SYNECOR Biomaterial, including supporting references and disclaimers for the presented content. Refer to Instructions for Use at eifu.goremedical.com for a complete description of all applicable indications, warnings, precautions and contraindications for the markets where this product is available. Rx only  Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.   If you liked this episode, check out our recent episodes here: https://behindtheknife.org/listen Behind the Knife Premium: General Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/general-surgery-oral-board-review Trauma Surgery Video Atlas: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/trauma-surgery-video-atlas Dominate Surgery: A High-Yield Guide to Your Surgery Clerkship: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/dominate-surgery-a-high-yield-guide-to-your-surgery-clerkship Dominate Surgery for APPs: A High-Yield Guide to Your Surgery Rotation: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/dominate-surgery-for-apps-a-high-yield-guide-to-your-surgery-rotation Vascular Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/vascular-surgery-oral-board-audio-review Colorectal Surgery Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/colorectal-surgery-oral-board-audio-review Surgical Oncology Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/surgical-oncology-oral-board-audio-review Cardiothoracic Oral Board Review Course: https://behindtheknife.org/premium/cardiothoracic-surgery-oral-board-audio-review Download our App: Apple App Store: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/behind-the-knife/id1672420049 Android/Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.btk.app&hl=en_US

Dr. Trudy G. Oliver is a Professor in the Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology as well as a Duke Science and Technology Scholar at Duke University. Trudy's research focuses on small cell lung cancer, a disease known for its remarkable ability to "shape-shift" or undergo cellular plasticity. This adaptability allows cancer cells to change types and develop different therapeutic vulnerabilities (or invulnerabilities), making treatment especially challenging and preventing the development of a one-size-fits-all approach. When she's not in the lab, Trudy unwinds with walks, jogs, music, and true-crime podcasts. She also enjoys spending quality time with friends, family, and her two energetic orange kittens named Basal and Tuft after her favorite lung cell types. She received her Bachelor's degree in chemistry from Oklahoma Baptist University, and her PhD in cancer biology from Duke University. Afterwards, she conducted postdoctoral research at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and subsequently at MIT. Trudy served on the faculty at the University of Utah for more than a decade before joining the faculty at Duke University where she is today. She has received numerous awards and honors for her work, including the Heine H. Hansen Lectureship Award for Small Cell Lung Cancer from the IASLC World Lung Conference, the William C. Rippe Award for Distinguished Research in Lung Cancer from the Lung Cancer Research Foundation, the Lung Cancer Discovery Award from the American Lung Association, the American Cancer Society Research Scholar Award, the Damon Runyon-Rachleff Innovation Award, and the Jimmy V Scholar Award from the V Foundation for Cancer Research. In this interview, Trudy shares more about her life and science.

On this episode, OpenAI's chief economist Ronnie Chatterji describes how artificial intelligence is reshaping both the economy and scientific innovation. Ronnie discusses the dual economic impacts of AI — the near-term boost from infrastructure investments like chips and data centers, and the longer-term productivity gains as AI tools integrate into enterprises and consumer life. Beyond consumer convenience, he notes, the key question for economists and corporate leaders alike is when — and how — AI will unlock sustained economic value inside organizations. Tune in for Ronnie's perspective on how AI can help researchers test ideas faster, combine insights across disciplines, and make better choices about which problems to pursue. Read the episode transcript here. Guest bio: Aaron (Ronnie) Chatterji is OpenAI's first chief economist. He is also the Mark Burgess & Lisa Benson-Burgess Distinguished Professor at Duke University. He served in the Biden administration to implement the CHIPS and Sciences Act and was acting deputy director of the National Economic Council. Before that, he was chief economist at the Department of Commerce and a senior economist at the White House Council of Economic Advisers. He also previously taught at Harvard Business School, worked at Goldman Sachs, and was a term member of the Council on Foreign Relations. Chatterji is on leave as a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. He holds a Ph.D. from University of California, Berkeley and a B.A. in economics from Cornell University. Me, Myself, and AI is a podcast produced by MIT Sloan Management Review and hosted by Sam Ransbotham. It is engineered by David Lishansky and produced by Allison Ryder. We encourage you to rate and review our show. Your comments may be used in Me, Myself, and AI materials. ME, MYSELF, AND AI® is a federally registered trademark of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved.

In today's episode, we interview Hayden Haggerman, co-author and editor of the new book Converting the Blue Devils: Becoming Catholic at Duke. As many of you know, both Bo and Bud became Catholic while at Duke Divinity school, so to see a generation a decade younger than us have enough converts to get a book together intrigued us, and the conversation did not disappoint. Check out how it is that for a run of years, a Protestant Seminary that emphasized Ethics, the Church Fathers, and the Sacraments served as the fertile soil for multiple Catholic Converts! Iowa Catholic Radio Network Shows:Be Not Afraid with Fr. PJ McManusBe Not Afraid in Spanish with Fr. Fabian MoncadaCatholic Women Now with Chris Magruder and Julie NelsonMaking It Personal with Bishop William JoensenMan Up! with Joe StopulusThe Catholic Morning Show with Dr. Bo BonnerThe Daily Gospel Reflection with Fr. Nick SmithThe Uncommon Good with Bo Bonner and Dr. Bud MarrFaith and Family Finance with Gregory WaddleWant to support your favorite show? Click Here Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Today, I'm excited to speak with Justin Papadakis, Deputy Chief Executive Officer and Chief Real Estate Officer at the United Soccer League (USL). Justin joined the USL in 2014 and has held various roles including President of Commercial Ventures and Chief Operating Officer and has led its expansion efforts across the USL Championship, League One, and Super League, and most recently, the announcement of USL's plans to launch a Division One men's professional league in 2027-2028. Prior to the USL, Justin served as leasing director, and later business development director, at DDR Corp, now called SITE Centers. While earning his dual degree in Public Policy and Economics at Duke University, Justin also played four seasons for the Blue Devils' Men's Soccer program. He has been recognized on America's Power List and Florida Trend's Florida 500, a list of 500 most influential business leaders in Florida. With Justin's help we delve into the world of soccer. He describes how the sport – and the business of soccer – has evolved in recent years and points out what sets soccer apart from other major sports. He also paints a picture for our audience of the soccer landscape today and how the USL fits in that landscape. We then take a look at soccer as an asset class in the broader category of sports and entertainment investment properties. Justin provides an educational overview of the unique investment attributes of soccer and soccer teams, highlighting how they are distinct from other major-league sports and what makes soccer franchises particularly attractive right now. Justin talks about the purpose and the mission of the United Soccer League (or USL) and explains how his organization helps UHNW clients and their family offices invest in and operate soccer franchises. Finally, he shares some practical considerations and risks family offices need to consider when they contemplate investing in sports in general and in soccer in particular. He offers valuable tips on how families and family offices should educate themselves and what resources exist for them to lean on in this growing and specialized segment of sports investing. Don't miss this educational conversation with a leading expert and experienced practitioner in sports franchise investing and operations.

Michael Regan recently served as the 16th Administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Previously he was Secretary of the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality where he secured the largest coal ash cleanup settlement in U.S. history. And he led negotiations on the cleanup of the Cape Fear River from PFAS contamination. Now he has taken a role at POLIS: Center for Politics at Duke University's Sanford School of Public Policy.

Today I'm interviewing Dr. Sujay Kansagra, a Pediatric Neurologist and Sleep Medicine Physician at Duke University, about toddlers and sleep science.We're talking about all things sleep and kids, including crying at night, separation anxiety, toddler naps, & when to make the crib to toddler bed transition.⬇️ Connect with Dr. Sujay ⬇️IG:   / thatsleepdoc  YouTube:    / @thatsleepdoc  ResourcesLearn more about Jessica and Awesome Little Sleepers.Save your spot in my next free Toddler Sleep Masterclass at: ToddlerSleepMasterclass.comOther resources:Join me on Instagram @AwesomeLittleSleepersThe ONE thing you can start tonight to improve your toddler's sleep, click hereCheck out the blogWatch the YouTube channel ‘Sleep Tight Without a Fight' sleep course, click hereMy favorite sleep products, click here

David A. Hughes discusses his excellent book on the history of the deep state, the many parallels between the totalitarianism of one century ago and the current tyranny being constructed, and their renewed push to establish a global technocratic biodigital concentration camp once more. Watch on BitChute / Brighteon / Rumble / Substack / YouTube *Support Geopolitics & Empire! Become a Member https://geopoliticsandempire.substack.com Donate https://geopoliticsandempire.com/donations Consult https://geopoliticsandempire.com/consultation **Visit Our Affiliates & Sponsors! Above Phone https://abovephone.com/?above=geopolitics easyDNS (15% off with GEOPOLITICS) https://easydns.com Escape The Technocracy (15% off with GEOPOLITICS) https://escapethetechnocracy.com/geopolitics Outbound Mexico https://outboundmx.com PassVult https://passvult.com Sociatates Civis https://societates-civis.com StartMail https://www.startmail.com/partner/?ref=ngu4nzr Wise Wolf Gold https://www.wolfpack.gold/?ref=geopolitics Websites Substack https://dhughes.substack.com Books https://www.amazon.com/stores/David-A-Hughes/author/B0D4X8J3KH Support https://davidahughes.net/support About David A. Hughes David A. Hughes was Senior Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Lincoln (UK). He received his undergraduate and master's degrees from Oxford University and holds doctorates in German Studies from Duke University and International Relations from Oxford Brookes University. His research focuses on psychological warfare, 9/11, COVID-19, the deep state, technocracy, global class relations, and resurgent totalitarianism. He is author of “Covid-19,” Psychological Operations, and the War for Technocracy: Volume 1″ and “Wall Street, the Nazis, and the Crimes of the Deep State”. *Podcast intro music used with permission is from the song “The Queens Jig” by the fantastic “Musicke & Mirth” from their album “Music for Two Lyra Viols”: http://musicke-mirth.de/en/recordings.html (available on iTunes or Amazon)

Enlace del curso: https://app.behindtheknife.org/premium/repaso-para-el-examen-de-certificaci-n-en-cirug-a-general Behind the Knife es el podcast quirúrgico líder en el mundo y una plataforma de educación quirúrgica. Nuestra misión es crear contenido innovador de educación quirúrgica que sea accesible para todos. Estamos muy emocionados de expandirnos al público hispanohablante y ofrecerles 4 episodios de muestra de nuestro Curso de Repaso para el examen de certificación de Cirugía General. Hoy, escucharás un caso de muestra de este curso de repaso en audio, que incluye 100 escenarios. El curso tiene un formato emocionante y completamente único. Cada uno de los 100 caso consta de dos partes. La primera parte es un caso oral perfectamente ejecutado que imita la realidad. Cada caso tiene una duración de cinco a siete minutos e incluye una variedad de tácticas y estilos. Si logras alcanzar este nivel de desempeño en tu preparación, seguramente aprobarás el examen de certificación con éxito. La segunda parte introduce comentarios de alto rendimiento para cada escenario. Estos comentarios incluyen consejos y trucos para ayudarte a dominar los escenarios más desafiantes, además de una enseñanza práctica y fácil de entender que cubre los temas más confusos que enfrentamos como cirujanos generales. Estamos seguros de que encontrarás este enfoque único de doble formato como una forma altamente efectiva de prepararte para el examen. Nuestro contenido está disponible en nuestras aplicaciones para iOS y Android y en nuestro sitio web (behindtheknife.org). Por favor, consulta las notas del programa para más información. Nos encantaría escuchar tus comentarios sobre este episodio enviando un correo electrónico a hello@behindtheknife.org y apreciamos tu ayuda para difundir la palabra entre tus colegas si disfrutas del material. Este contenido incluye 97 descripciones operatorias para todos los procedimientos comunes —y la mayoría de los poco comunes— incluidos en el Currículo de Cirugía General SCORE. Cada descripción está diseñada para ayudar a los candidatos a prepararse de manera eficaz para el Examen de Certificación en Cirugía General. presentadores de podcast: - Auri P. Garcia Gonzalez, MD PhD nació en San Juan, Puerto Rico, y se trasladó a los Estados Unidos en el 2012 para sus estudios graduados. Actualmente, es estudiante de post-grado en cirugía general en Duke University. - Diego Schaps, MD, MPH es un residente de cirugía general en Duke y nació en Miami, en el estado de la Florida. Sus padres nacieron en El Salvador. Disclaimer: Los productos de contenido de Behind the Knife son únicamente para fines educativos. No diagnosticamos, tratamos ni ofrecemos consejos específicos para pacientes. ------ Behind the Knife is the world's leading surgical podcast and surgical education platform.  Our mission is to create innovative surgical education content that is accessible to all.  We are very excited to expand into the spanish audience and bring you 4 sample episodes of our General Surgery Oral Board Review Course which will be released over the course of the next week. Today, you'll hear a sample scenario from this comprehensive audio review course which includes 100 scenarios.  The course has an exciting and entirely unique format. Each of the 100 scenarios includes two parts. The first part is a perfectly executed oral board scenario that mimics the real thing. Scenarios are five to seven minutes long and include a variety of tactics and styles. If you're able to achieve this level of performance in your preparation, you are sure to pass the oral exam with flying colors. The second part introduces high yield commentary to each scenario. This commentary includes tips and tricks to help you dominate the most challenging scenarios in addition to practical, easy to understand teaching that covers the most confusing topics that we face as general surgeons. We are confident you will find this unique dual format approach a highly effective way to prepare for the test. The course contains crisp, concise operative descriptions that cover all SCORE common topics and and most SCORE uncommon topics. Our content is available on our iOS and Android apps and website (behindtheknife.org).  Please check the show notes for more information. We would love to hear your feedback by emailing hello@behindtheknife.org and appreciate your help spreading the word to your colleagues if you enjoy the material. Hosts: - Auri P. Garcia Gonzalez, MD PhD was born and raised in San Juan, Puerto Rico and moved to the US in 2012 for graduate studies. At present, she is a surgical resident at Duke University. - Diego Schaps, MD, MPH is a general surgery resident at Duke and was born in Miami, Florida. His parents were born in El Salvador. Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more. If you liked this episode, check out our recent episodes here: https://app.behindtheknife.org/listen

Enlace del curso: https://app.behindtheknife.org/premium/repaso-para-el-examen-de-certificaci-n-en-cirug-a-general Behind the Knife es el podcast quirúrgico líder en el mundo y una plataforma de educación quirúrgica. Nuestra misión es crear contenido innovador de educación quirúrgica que sea accesible para todos. Estamos muy emocionados de expandirnos al público hispanohablante y ofrecerles 4 episodios de muestra de nuestro Curso de Repaso para el examen de certificación de Cirugía General. Hoy, escucharás un caso de muestra de este curso de repaso en audio, que incluye 100 escenarios. El curso tiene un formato emocionante y completamente único. Cada uno de los 100 caso consta de dos partes. La primera parte es un caso oral perfectamente ejecutado que imita la realidad. Cada caso tiene una duración de cinco a siete minutos e incluye una variedad de tácticas y estilos. Si logras alcanzar este nivel de desempeño en tu preparación, seguramente aprobarás el examen de certificación con éxito. La segunda parte introduce comentarios de alto rendimiento para cada escenario. Estos comentarios incluyen consejos y trucos para ayudarte a dominar los escenarios más desafiantes, además de una enseñanza práctica y fácil de entender que cubre los temas más confusos que enfrentamos como cirujanos generales. Estamos seguros de que encontrarás este enfoque único de doble formato como una forma altamente efectiva de prepararte para el examen. Nuestro contenido está disponible en nuestras aplicaciones para iOS y Android y en nuestro sitio web (behindtheknife.org). Por favor, consulta las notas del programa para más información. Nos encantaría escuchar tus comentarios sobre este episodio enviando un correo electrónico a hello@behindtheknife.org y apreciamos tu ayuda para difundir la palabra entre tus colegas si disfrutas del material. Este contenido incluye 97 descripciones operatorias para todos los procedimientos comunes —y la mayoría de los poco comunes— incluidos en el Currículo de Cirugía General SCORE. Cada descripción está diseñada para ayudar a los candidatos a prepararse de manera eficaz para el Examen de Certificación en Cirugía General. presentadores de podcast: - Auri P. Garcia Gonzalez, MD PhD nació en San Juan, Puerto Rico, y se trasladó a los Estados Unidos en el 2012 para sus estudios graduados. Actualmente, es estudiante de post-grado en cirugía general en Duke University. - Diego Schaps, MD, MPH es un residente de cirugía general en Duke y nació en Miami, en el estado de la Florida. Sus padres nacieron en El Salvador. Disclaimer: Los productos de contenido de Behind the Knife son únicamente para fines educativos. No diagnosticamos, tratamos ni ofrecemos consejos específicos para pacientes. ------ Behind the Knife is the world's leading surgical podcast and surgical education platform.  Our mission is to create innovative surgical education content that is accessible to all.  We are very excited to expand into the spanish audience and bring you 4 sample episodes of our General Surgery Oral Board Review Course which will be released over the course of the next week. Today, you'll hear a sample scenario from this comprehensive audio review course which includes 100 scenarios.  The course has an exciting and entirely unique format. Each of the 100 scenarios includes two parts. The first part is a perfectly executed oral board scenario that mimics the real thing. Scenarios are five to seven minutes long and include a variety of tactics and styles. If you're able to achieve this level of performance in your preparation, you are sure to pass the oral exam with flying colors. The second part introduces high yield commentary to each scenario. This commentary includes tips and tricks to help you dominate the most challenging scenarios in addition to practical, easy to understand teaching that covers the most confusing topics that we face as general surgeons. We are confident you will find this unique dual format approach a highly effective way to prepare for the test. The course contains crisp, concise operative descriptions that cover all SCORE common topics and and most SCORE uncommon topics. Our content is available on our iOS and Android apps and website (behindtheknife.org).  Please check the show notes for more information. We would love to hear your feedback by emailing hello@behindtheknife.org and appreciate your help spreading the word to your colleagues if you enjoy the material. Hosts: - Auri P. Garcia Gonzalez, MD PhD was born and raised in San Juan, Puerto Rico and moved to the US in 2012 for graduate studies. At present, she is a surgical resident at Duke University. - Diego Schaps, MD, MPH is a general surgery resident at Duke and was born in Miami, Florida. His parents were born in El Salvador. Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more. If you liked this episode, check out our recent episodes here: https://app.behindtheknife.org/listen

BONUS: When AI Knows Your Emotional Triggers Better Than You Do — Navigating Mindfulness in the AI Age In this thought-provoking conversation, former computer engineer and mindfulness leader Mo Edjlali explores how AI is reshaping human meaning, attention, and decision-making. We examine the critical question: what happens when AI knows your emotional triggers better than you know yourself? Mo shares insights on remaining sovereign over our attention, avoiding dependency in both mindfulness and technology, and preparing for a world where AI may outperform us in nearly every domain. From Technology Pioneer to Mindfulness Leader "I've been very heavily influenced by technology, computer engineering, software development. I introduced DevOps to the federal government. But I have never seen anything change the way in which human beings work together like Agile." — Mo Edjlali   Mo's journey began in the tech world — graduating in 1998, he was on the front line of the internet explosion. He remembers the days before the internet, watched online multiplayer games emerge in 1994, and worked on some of the most complicated tech projects in federal government. Technology felt almost like magic, advancing at a logarithmic rate faster than anything else. But when Mo discovered mindfulness practices 12-15 years ago, he found something equally transformative: actual exercises to develop emotional intelligence and soft skills that the tech world talked about but never taught. Mindfulness provided logical, practical methods that didn't require "woo-woo" beliefs — just practice that fundamentally changed his relationship with his mind. This dual perspective — tech innovator and mindfulness teacher — gives Mo a unique lens for understanding where we're headed. The Shift from Liberation to Dependency "I was fortunate enough, the teachers I was exposed to, the mentality was very much: you're gonna learn how to meditate on your own, in silence. There is no guru. There is no cult of personality." — Mo Edjlali   Mo identifies a dangerous drift in the mindfulness movement: from teaching independence to creating dependency. His early training, particularly a Vipassana retreat led by S.N. Goenka, modeled true liberation — you show up for 10 days, pay nothing, receive food and lodging, learn to meditate, then donate what you can at the end. Critically, you leave being able to meditate on your own without worshiping a teacher or subscribing to guided meditations. But today's commercialized mindfulness often creates the opposite: powerful figures leading fiefdoms, consumers taught to listen to guided meditations rather than meditate independently. This dependency model mirrors exactly what's happening with AI — systems designed to make us rely on them rather than empower our own capabilities. Recognizing this parallel is essential for navigating both fields wisely. AI as a New Human Age, Not Just Another Tool "With AI, this is different. This isn't like mobile computing, this isn't like the internet. We're entering a new age. We had the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, the Industrial Age. When you enter a new age, it's almost like knocking the chess board over, flipping the pieces upside down. We're playing a new game." — Mo Edjlali   Mo frames AI not as another technology upgrade but as the beginning of an entirely new human age. In a new age, everything shifts: currency, economies, government, technology, even religions. The documentary about the Bronze Age collapse taught him that when ages turn over, the old rules no longer apply. This perspective explains why AI feels fundamentally different from previous innovations. ChatGPT 2.0 was interesting; ChatGPT 3 blew Mo's mind and made him realize we're witnessing something unprecedented. While he's optimistic about the potential for sustainable abundance and extraordinary breakthroughs, he's also aware we're entering both the most exciting and most frightening time to be alive. Everything we learned in high school might be proven wrong as AI rewrites human knowledge, translates animal languages, extends longevity, and achieves things we can't even imagine. The Mental Health Tsunami and Loss of Purpose "If we do enter the age of abundance, where AI could do anything that human beings could do and do it better, suddenly the system we have set up — where our purpose is often tied to our income and our job — suddenly, we don't need to work. So what is our purpose?" — Mo Edjlali   Mo offers a provocative vision of the future: a world where people might pay for jobs rather than get paid to work. It sounds crazy until you realize it's already happening — people pay $100,000-$200,000 for college just to get a job, politicians spend millions to get elected. If AI handles most work and we enter an age of abundance, jobs won't be about survival or income — they'll be about meaning, identity, and social connection. This creates three major crises Mo sees accelerating: attacks on our focus and attention (technology hijacking our awareness), polarization (forcing black-and-white thinking), and isolation (pushing us toward solo experiences). The mental health tsunami is coming as people struggle to find purpose in a world where AI outperforms them in domain after domain. The jobs will change, the value systems will shift, and those without tools for navigating this transformation will suffer most. When AI Reads Your Mind "Researchers at Duke University had hooked up fMRI brain scanning technology and took that data and fed it into GPT 2. They were able to translate brain signals into written narrative. So the implications are that we could read people's minds using AI." — Mo Edjlali   The future Mo describes isn't science fiction — it's already beginning. Three years ago, researchers used early GPT to translate brain signals into written text by scanning people's minds with fMRI and training AI on the patterns. Today, AI knows a lot about heavy users like Mo through chat conversations. Tomorrow, AI will have video input of everything we see, sensory input from our biometrics (pulse, heart rate, health indicators), and potentially direct connection to our minds. This symbiotic relationship is coming whether we're ready or not. Mo demonstrates this with a personal experiment: he asked his AI to tell him about himself, describe his personality, identify his strengths, and most powerfully — reveal his blind spots. The AI's response was outstanding, better than what any human (even his therapist or himself) could have articulated. This is the reality we're moving toward: AI that knows our emotional triggers, blind spots, and patterns better than we do ourselves. Using AI as a Mirror for Self-Discovery "I asked my AI, 'What are my blind spots?' Human beings usually won't always tell you what your blind spots are, they might not see them. A therapist might not exactly see them. But the AI has... I've had the most intimate kind of conversations about everything. And the response was outstanding." — Mo Edjlali   Mo's approach to AI is both pragmatic and experimental. He uses it extensively — at the level of teenagers and early college students who are on it all the time. But rather than just using AI as a tool, he treats it as a mirror for understanding himself. Asking AI to identify your blind spots is a powerful exercise because AI has observed all your conversations, patterns, and tendencies without the human limitations of forgetfulness or social politeness. Vasco shares a similar experience using AI as a therapy companion — not replacing his human therapist, but preparing for sessions and processing afterward. This reveals an essential truth: most of us don't understand ourselves that well. We're blind navigators using an increasingly powerful tool. The question isn't whether AI will know us better than we know ourselves — that's already happening. The question is how we use that knowledge wisely. The Danger of AI Hijacking Our Agency "There's this real danger. I saw that South Park episode about ChatGPT where his wife is like, 'Come on, put the AI down, talk to me,' and he's got this crazy business idea, and the AI keeps encouraging him along. It's a point where he's relying way too heavily on the AI and making really poor decisions." — Mo Edjlali   Not all AI use is beneficial. Mo candidly admits his own mistakes — sometimes leaning into AI feedback over his actual users' feedback for his Meditate Together app because "I like what the AI is saying." This mirrors the South Park episode's warning about AI dependency, where the character's AI encourages increasingly poor decisions while his relationships suffer. Social media demonstrates this danger at scale: AI algorithms tuned to steal our attention and hijack our agency, preventing us from thinking about what truly matters — relationships and human connection. Mo shares a disturbing story about Zoom bombers disrupting Meditate Together sessions, filming it, posting it on YouTube where it got 90,000 views, with comments thanking the disruptors for "making my day better." Technology created a cannibalistic dynamic where teenagers watched videos of their mothers, aunts, and grandmothers being harassed during meditation. When Mo tried to contact Google, the company's incentive structure prioritized views and revenue over human decency. Technology combined with capitalism creates these dangerous momentum toward monetizing attention at any cost. Remaining Sovereign Over Your Attention "Traditionally, mindfulness does an extraordinary job, if you practice right, to help you regain your agency of your focus and concentration. It takes practice. But reading is now becoming a concentration practice. It's an actual practice." — Mo Edjlali   Mo identifies three major symptoms affecting us: attacks on focus/attention, polarization into black-and-white thinking, and isolation. Mindfulness practices directly counter all three — but only if practiced correctly. Training attention, focus, and concentration requires actual practice, not just listening to guided meditations. Mo offers practical strategies: reading as concentration practice (asking "does anyone read anymore?" recognizing that sustained reading now requires deliberate effort), turning off AirPods while jogging or driving to find silence, spending time alone with your thoughts, and recognizing that we were given extraordinary power (smartphones) with zero training on how to be aware of it. Older generations remember having to rewind VHS tapes — forced moments of patience and stillness that no longer exist. We need to deliberately recreate those spaces where we're not constantly consuming entertainment and input. Dialectic Thinking: Beyond Polarization "I saw someone the other day wear a shirt that said, 'I'm perfect the way I am.' That's one-dimensional thinking. Two-dimensional thinking is: you're perfect the way that you are, and you could be a little better." — Mo Edjlali   Mo's book OpenMBSR specifically addresses polarization by introducing dialectic thinking — the ability to hold paradoxes and seeming contradictions simultaneously. Social media and algorithms push us toward one-dimensional, black-and-white thinking: good/bad, right/wrong, with me/against me. But reality is far more nuanced. The ability to think "I'm perfect as I am AND I can improve" or "AI is extraordinary AND dangerous" is essential for navigating complexity. This mirrors the tech world's embrace of continuous improvement in Agile — accepting where you are while always pushing for better. Chess players learned this years ago when AI defeated humans — they didn't freak out, they accepted it and adapted. Now AI in chess doesn't just give answers; it helps humans understand how it arrived at those answers. This partnership model, where AI coaches us through complexity rather than simply replacing us, represents the healthiest path forward. Building Community, Not Dependency "When people think to meditate, unfortunately, they think, I have to do this by myself and listen to guided meditation. I'm saying no. Do it in silence. If you listen to guided meditation, listen to guided meditation that teaches you how to meditate in silence. And do it with other people, with intentional community." — Mo Edjlali   Mo's OpenMBSR initiative explicitly borrows from the Agile movement's success: grassroots, community-centric, open source, transparent. Rather than creating fiefdoms around cult personalities, he wants mindfulness to spread organically through communities helping communities. This directly counters the isolation trend that technology accelerates. Meditate Together exists specifically to create spaces where people meditate with other human beings around the world, with volunteer hosts holding sessions. The model isn't about dependency on a teacher or platform — it's about building connection and shared practice. This aligns perfectly with how the tech world revolutionized collaborative work through Agile and Scrum: transparent, iterative, valuing individuals and interactions. The question for both mindfulness and AI adoption is whether we'll create systems that empower independence and community, or ones that foster dependency and isolation. Preparing for a World Where AI Outperforms Humans "AI is going to need to kind of coach us and ease us into it, right? There's some really dark, ugly things about ourselves that could be jarring without it being properly shared, exposed, and explained." — Mo Edjlali   Looking at his children, Mo wonders what tools they'll need in a world where AI may outperform humans in nearly every domain. The answer isn't trying to compete with AI in calculation, memory, or analysis — that battle is already lost. Instead, the essential human skills become self-awareness, emotional intelligence, dialectic thinking, community building, and maintaining agency over attention and decision-making. AI will need to become a coach, helping humans understand not just answers but how it arrived at those answers. This requires AI development that prioritizes human growth over profit maximization. It also requires humans willing to do the hard work of understanding themselves — confronting blind spots, managing emotional triggers, practicing concentration, and building genuine relationships. The mental health tsunami Mo predicts isn't inevitable if we prepare now by teaching these skills widely, building community-centric systems, and designing AI that empowers rather than replaces human wisdom and connection.   About Mo Edjlali   Mo Edjlali is a former computer engineer, and also the founder and CEO of Mindful Leader, the world's largest provider of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction training. Mo's new book Open MBSR: Reimagining the Future of Mindfulness explores how ancient practices can help us navigate the AI revolution with awareness and resilience.   You can learn more about Mo and his work at MindfulLeader.org, check out Meditate Together, and read his articles on AI's Mind-Reading Breakthrough and AI: Not Another Tool, but a New Human Age.

Enlace del curso: https://app.behindtheknife.org/premium/repaso-para-el-examen-de-certificaci-n-en-cirug-a-general Behind the Knife es el podcast quirúrgico líder en el mundo y una plataforma de educación quirúrgica. Nuestra misión es crear contenido innovador de educación quirúrgica que sea accesible para todos. Estamos muy emocionados de expandirnos al público hispanohablante y ofrecerles 4 episodios de muestra de nuestro Curso de Repaso para el examen de certificación de Cirugía General. Hoy, escucharás un caso de muestra de este curso de repaso en audio, que incluye 100 escenarios. El curso tiene un formato emocionante y completamente único. Cada uno de los 100 caso consta de dos partes. La primera parte es un caso oral perfectamente ejecutado que imita la realidad. Cada caso tiene una duración de cinco a siete minutos e incluye una variedad de tácticas y estilos. Si logras alcanzar este nivel de desempeño en tu preparación, seguramente aprobarás el examen de certificación con éxito. La segunda parte introduce comentarios de alto rendimiento para cada escenario. Estos comentarios incluyen consejos y trucos para ayudarte a dominar los escenarios más desafiantes, además de una enseñanza práctica y fácil de entender que cubre los temas más confusos que enfrentamos como cirujanos generales. Estamos seguros de que encontrarás este enfoque único de doble formato como una forma altamente efectiva de prepararte para el examen. Nuestro contenido está disponible en nuestras aplicaciones para iOS y Android y en nuestro sitio web (behindtheknife.org). Por favor, consulta las notas del programa para más información. Nos encantaría escuchar tus comentarios sobre este episodio enviando un correo electrónico a hello@behindtheknife.org y apreciamos tu ayuda para difundir la palabra entre tus colegas si disfrutas del material.  Este contenido incluye 97 descripciones operatorias para todos los procedimientos comunes —y la mayoría de los poco comunes— incluidos en el Currículo de Cirugía General SCORE. Cada descripción está diseñada para ayudar a los candidatos a prepararse de manera eficaz para el Examen de Certificación en Cirugía General. presentadores de podcast: - Auri P. Garcia Gonzalez, MD PhD nació en San Juan, Puerto Rico, y se trasladó a los Estados Unidos en el 2012 para sus estudios graduados. Actualmente, es estudiante de post-grado en cirugía general en Duke University. - Diego Schaps, MD, MPH es un residente de cirugía general en Duke y nació en Miami, en el estado de la Florida. Sus padres nacieron en El Salvador. Disclaimer: Los productos de contenido de Behind the Knife son únicamente para fines educativos. No diagnosticamos, tratamos ni ofrecemos consejos específicos para pacientes. ------ Behind the Knife is the world's leading surgical podcast and surgical education platform.  Our mission is to create innovative surgical education content that is accessible to all.  We are very excited to expand into the spanish audience and bring you 4 sample episodes of our General Surgery Oral Board Review Course which will be released over the course of the next week. Today, you'll hear a sample scenario from this comprehensive audio review course which includes 100 scenarios.  The course has an exciting and entirely unique format. Each of the 100 scenarios includes two parts. The first part is a perfectly executed oral board scenario that mimics the real thing. Scenarios are five to seven minutes long and include a variety of tactics and styles. If you're able to achieve this level of performance in your preparation, you are sure to pass the oral exam with flying colors. The second part introduces high yield commentary to each scenario. This commentary includes tips and tricks to help you dominate the most challenging scenarios in addition to practical, easy to understand teaching that covers the most confusing topics that we face as general surgeons. We are confident you will find this unique dual format approach a highly effective way to prepare for the test. The course contains crisp, concise operative descriptions that cover all SCORE common topics and and most SCORE uncommon topics.  Our content is available on our iOS and Android apps and website (behindtheknife.org).  Please check the show notes for more information. We would love to hear your feedback by emailing hello@behindtheknife.org and appreciate your help spreading the word to your colleagues if you enjoy the material.  Hosts: - Auri P. Garcia Gonzalez, MD PhD was born and raised in San Juan, Puerto Rico and moved to the US in 2012 for graduate studies. At present, she is a surgical resident at Duke University. - Diego Schaps, MD, MPH is a general surgery resident at Duke and was born in Miami, Florida. His parents were born in El Salvador. Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.  If you liked this episode, check out our recent episodes here: https://app.behindtheknife.org/listen

Enlace del curso: https://app.behindtheknife.org/premium/repaso-para-el-examen-de-certificaci-n-en-cirug-a-general Behind the Knife es el podcast quirúrgico líder en el mundo y una plataforma de educación quirúrgica. Nuestra misión es crear contenido innovador de educación quirúrgica que sea accesible para todos. Estamos muy emocionados de expandirnos al público hispanohablante y ofrecerles 4 episodios de muestra de nuestro Curso de Repaso para el examen de certificación de Cirugía General. Hoy, escucharás un caso de muestra de este curso de repaso en audio, que incluye 100 escenarios. El curso tiene un formato emocionante y completamente único. Cada uno de los 100 caso consta de dos partes. La primera parte es un caso oral perfectamente ejecutado que imita la realidad. Cada caso tiene una duración de cinco a siete minutos e incluye una variedad de tácticas y estilos. Si logras alcanzar este nivel de desempeño en tu preparación, seguramente aprobarás el examen de certificación con éxito. La segunda parte introduce comentarios de alto rendimiento para cada escenario. Estos comentarios incluyen consejos y trucos para ayudarte a dominar los escenarios más desafiantes, además de una enseñanza práctica y fácil de entender que cubre los temas más confusos que enfrentamos como cirujanos generales. Estamos seguros de que encontrarás este enfoque único de doble formato como una forma altamente efectiva de prepararte para el examen. Nuestro contenido está disponible en nuestras aplicaciones para iOS y Android y en nuestro sitio web (behindtheknife.org). Por favor, consulta las notas del programa para más información. Nos encantaría escuchar tus comentarios sobre este episodio enviando un correo electrónico a hello@behindtheknife.org y apreciamos tu ayuda para difundir la palabra entre tus colegas si disfrutas del material. Este contenido incluye 97 descripciones operatorias para todos los procedimientos comunes —y la mayoría de los poco comunes— incluidos en el Currículo de Cirugía General SCORE. Cada descripción está diseñada para ayudar a los candidatos a prepararse de manera eficaz para el Examen de Certificación en Cirugía General. presentadores de podcast: - Auri P. Garcia Gonzalez, MD PhD nació en San Juan, Puerto Rico, y se trasladó a los Estados Unidos en el 2012 para sus estudios graduados. Actualmente, es estudiante de post-grado en cirugía general en Duke University. - Diego Schaps, MD, MPH es un residente de cirugía general en Duke y nació en Miami, en el estado de la Florida. Sus padres nacieron en El Salvador. Disclaimer: Los productos de contenido de Behind the Knife son únicamente para fines educativos. No diagnosticamos, tratamos ni ofrecemos consejos específicos para pacientes. ------ Behind the Knife is the world's leading surgical podcast and surgical education platform.  Our mission is to create innovative surgical education content that is accessible to all.  We are very excited to expand into the spanish audience and bring you 4 sample episodes of our General Surgery Oral Board Review Course which will be released over the course of the next week. Today, you'll hear a sample scenario from this comprehensive audio review course which includes 100 scenarios.  The course has an exciting and entirely unique format. Each of the 100 scenarios includes two parts. The first part is a perfectly executed oral board scenario that mimics the real thing. Scenarios are five to seven minutes long and include a variety of tactics and styles. If you're able to achieve this level of performance in your preparation, you are sure to pass the oral exam with flying colors. The second part introduces high yield commentary to each scenario. This commentary includes tips and tricks to help you dominate the most challenging scenarios in addition to practical, easy to understand teaching that covers the most confusing topics that we face as general surgeons. We are confident you will find this unique dual format approach a highly effective way to prepare for the test. The course contains crisp, concise operative descriptions that cover all SCORE common topics and and most SCORE uncommon topics. Our content is available on our iOS and Android apps and website (behindtheknife.org).  Please check the show notes for more information. We would love to hear your feedback by emailing hello@behindtheknife.org and appreciate your help spreading the word to your colleagues if you enjoy the material. Hosts: - Auri P. Garcia Gonzalez, MD PhD was born and raised in San Juan, Puerto Rico and moved to the US in 2012 for graduate studies. At present, she is a surgical resident at Duke University. - Diego Schaps, MD, MPH is a general surgery resident at Duke and was born in Miami, Florida. His parents were born in El Salvador. Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more. If you liked this episode, check out our recent episodes here: https://app.behindtheknife.org/listen

A Trump executive order is giving retail investors more access to private markets. Is that a golden opportunity — or fool's gold? SOURCES:Elisabeth de Fontenay, professor of law at Duke University.Steven Kaplan, professor of entrepreneurship and finance at the University of Chicago. RESOURCES:"Democratizing Access to Alternative Assets for 401(k) Investors," (The White House, 2025)."The (Heterogeneous) Economic Effects of Private Equity Buyouts," by Steven J. Davis, John Haltiwanger, Kyle Handley, Ben Lipsius, Josh Lerner, and Javier Miranda (Management Science, 2025)."Risk-Adjusted Returns of Private Equity Funds: A New Approach," by Arthur G. Korteweg and Stefan Nagel (The Review of Financial Studies, 2025)."The Effects of Management Buyouts on Operating Performance and Value," by Steven Kaplan (Journal of Financial Economics, 1989). EXTRAS:"The Biden Policy That Trump Hasn't Touched," by Freakonomics Radio (2025)."Should Companies Be Owned by Their Workers?" by Freakonomics Radio (2024)."Do You Know Who Owns Your Vet?" by Freakonomics Radio (2023)."Are Private Equity Firms Plundering the U.S. Economy?" by Freakonomics Radio (2023). Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

My guest is Dr. Jennifer Groh, PhD, professor of psychology and neuroscience at Duke University. She explains how our brain encodes sights and sounds and integrates them so we can navigate and understand the world around us. She explains what thoughts really are and how what you focus on determines your thoughts, not just in that moment but your future thoughts too. We discuss this in the context of how to improve your level of focus and happiness and how to complete tasks and task-switch more effectively. We also discuss how you can rewire the neural circuits that underlie your default patterns of thinking and attention. Sponsors AGZ by AG1: https://drinkagz.com/huberman Lingo: https://hellolingo.com/huberman Wealthfront*: https://wealthfront.com/huberman Our Place: https://fromourplace.com/huberman Helix Sleep: https://helixsleep.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps 0:00 Jennifer Groh 3:41 Sounds & Vision, Sensory Integration; Dynamic Maps 7:42 Context & Mapping; Screens, Projection & Perception, Ventriloquists 13:52 Sound Localization 16:53 Sponsors: Lingo & Wealthfront 19:50 Hearing Loss & Sound Localization, Ear Folds 21:56 Unfamiliarity of Hearing Your Own Voice; Tool: Bone Conduction Headphones 26:16 Tool: Headphone Volume & Protecting Hearing 28:57 3D Sound, Sound Distance, Thunder, Earthquakes 37:24 Sound Integration; Sound Frequency & Distance, Warning Signals 44:36 Sponsors: AGZ by AG1 & Our Place 47:39 Music, Rhythm, Community & Emotion 57:00 Music, Military; Courtship; Evolution of Music & Language 1:02:37 Ears, Visual & Auditory Integration, Sound Localization 1:09:48 Evolution of Visual & Auditory Systems, Music; Brain Controlling Vision 1:15:17 Sponsor: Helix Sleep 1:16:45 Physical Space & Sounds; Cathedrals, Sound Delay 1:22:37 Music, Emotion & Community; Science & Admitting Weakness 1:27:01 Thinking & Sensory Simulations; Forming Thoughts 1:33:18 Attention, Attractor States, Flow States, Tool: Changing Environment 1:37:38 Sounds & Environment for Focus, Attention, Tool: Mental Interval Training 1:44:37 Sponsor: LMNT 1:45:58 Endurance & Interval Mental Work; Mental Rest, Music 1:50:37 Musician, Rehearsal & Performance; Pressure 1:54:16 Chickens; Hypnotizing Chickens, Visual Attention & Focus 2:03:47 Relaxation, Phones & Schools, Boredom, Social Media 2:12:48 Acknowledgements 2:13:58 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow, Reviews & Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter *This experience may not be representative of other Wealthfront clients, and there is no guarantee of future performance or success. Experiences will vary. The Cash Account, which is not a deposit account, is offered by Wealthfront Brokerage LLC, member FINRA/SIPC.  Wealthfront Brokerage is not a bank. The base APY is 3.50% on cash deposits as of November 07, 2025, is representative, subject to change, and requires no minimum. If eligible for the overall boosted rate of 4.15% offered in connection with this promo, your boosted rate is also subject to change if the base rate decreases during the 3 month promo period. Funds in the Cash Account are swept to program banks, where it earns the variable APY. New Cash Account deposits are subject to a 2-4 day holding period before becoming available for transfer. Investment advisory services are provided by Wealthfront Advisers LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Securities investments: not bank deposits, bank-guaranteed or FDIC-insured, and may lose value. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices