Podcasts about In Autumn

I'm proud of Jack. His gardening skills are increasing, with useful observations every day. Last week it was Passionvine hoppers, and they are indeed showing an upward trend. The window for control ceased in Spring (spraying the tiny fluffy bums with a simple fly spray) but for now there is little you can do until March/April, when you look for the distinctive egg patterns laid on thin, woody twigs by adult female hoppers: In Autumn cut off those dead and dying twiglets with eggs and burn them in the fireplace. Saves you from a heap of fluffybums being born next spring. Something many gardeners don't often see early enough is the beginning of Powdery Mildew. White powdery fungal deposits on leaves of cucumbers, pumpkin, squash, oak trees, hydrangeas, beans, grapes, apples, pears, rose – it's on a lot of different plants. Most gardeners find the symptoms too late. If you keep your eyes open you can find it starting right now in small patches on the leaves. The cause: long-term moisture on surfaces of leaves/plants or a dry spell followed by relative humidity and dew. For instance, when you have warm days and cool nights, you get dew, condensation! The name says it all: “Powdery Mildew”. The small white patches are a dead give-away, and so is the presence of characteristic black-and-yellow ladybird beetles – they spread the fungal spores around. Preventative control: spray with Yates Natures Way Fungal spray (a mix of Copper and Sulphur that stops further spread). And then there are caterpillars (the juvenile stage of butterflies and moths). Up North the Fall Armyworm is invading the paddocks and vegetable gardens; in your cabbage patch the larva of white butterfly is having a go. In my tunnel house, the tomato fruitworm and green loopers plus a dash of other cutworms damage all sorts of crops and ornamentals. Luckily, we now have a few rather good and safe insecticides that will deal to caterpillars: Yates Success ULTRA is not toxic to beneficial creatures that naturally control caterpillars and other pests. It is also usable on edible crops. A new group is Diamide Insecticides such as Chlorantraniliprole. Lawn Grub Control, Turf Insecticides or Leafroller and Codling Moth sprays (Altacor). But the most important thing to do NOW is keeping your eyes open in the garden! LISTEN ABOVE See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Joachim Raff - Symphony No. 10 "In Autumn": 4th movementSlovak State Phiharmonic, Kosice Urs Schneider, conductorMore info about today's track: Naxos 8.555491Courtesy of Naxos of America Inc.SubscribeYou can subscribe to this podcast in Apple Podcasts, or by using the Daily Download podcast RSS feed.Purchase this recordingAmazon

Last time we spoke about the Zhejiang-Fengtian War, part of the Anti-Fengtian War. Sun Chuanfang had rising through the ranks and quickly seized himself a powerbase in southeast China. Zhang Zuolin and his Fengtian commanders meanwhile became quite arrogant and began bullying and seizing as much territory as they could. This led the Fengtian forces to begin encroaching in Sun Chuanfang newfound territory of Zhejiang. Assuming Sun Chuanfang like the rest would not resist them, they were certainly surprised when he did. Sun Chuanfang formed a coalition with the warlords that controlled Jiangasu, Fujian, Jiangxi, Anhui and his own Zhejiang to fight off the Fengtian menace. Sun Chuanfang went straight onto the offensive, surprising the Fengtian who were in a passive phase and ultimately defeating them, pushing them further north to Shandong. Sun Chuandfang's victory in the Zhejiang-Fengtian War marked the peak of his career, but peaks tend to fall.   #109 The Anti-Fengtian War Part 2: The Guominjun-Fengtian War Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. In the previous episode we spoke about the Zhejiang-Fengtian War. It was part of a larger war known loosely as the anti-fengtian war or third Zhili-fengtian war. To be blunt, if you look up the anti-fengtian war, they barely take notice of the Zhejiang-Fengtian War. Most of the focus is directed north, particularly with the conflict between the Guominjun and Fengtian. Certainly the Guominjun took the spotlight during this war as Feng Yuxiang and Zhang Zuolin were clearly fighting for dominance over Beijing. However Zhang Zuolin was simply too powerful and began to bully his way across China. Through Duan Qirui and the Beiyang government, Zhang Zuolin secured vital positions for his subordinates. The 5th Fengtian army commander Kan Chaoxi was ordered to take two Fengtian Mixed Brigades and occupy Rehe province as its governor. Li Jinglin the commander of the Fengtian 2nd army and a Hubei native, became the military inspector of Hubei. Zhang Zongchang was given the title of commander in chief of suppressing banditry in Jiangsu, Shandong and Anhui which further led him to become the governor of Shandong. Yang Yuting was made governor over Jiangsu and Jiang Dengxuan over Anhui.. By 1925 the Fengtian military was 370,000 men strong across land, sea and air. By January of 1925, Fengtian forces began occupying Shanghai, threatening Sun Chuanfang who unleashed the Zhejiang-Fengtian War in retaliation As for Feng Yuxiang, he was unable to exert any real control in Beijing. He had received the title of inspector general over the northwest, effectively a military governorship. This saw him gain direct control over Rehe, Chahar and Suiyuan. In early 1925 he moved his headquarters to Kalgan. Through his subordinates and allies he also exerted control in Hunan, Shanxi and Gansu. Because of his recent acquisition of Soviet aid, his armies were growing in size, though declining in quality. He had gradually distanced himself from Zhang Zuolin. In January of 1925 Feng Yuxiang was being excluded by Duan Qirui and Zhang Zuolin. At this point Feng Yuxiang met Li Dazhao as Soviet military advisors were coming to help train his forces. In the late spring and summer Feng Yuxiang dispatch young officers to study in the Soviet Union. After a very strict examination period, presided over by Feng Yuxiang, 24 out of 300 students were enlisted into the Soviet Officer training corps. Another 24 were sent to Japan. When the May 13th incident broke out, Feng Yuxiang alongside some subordinates sent a telegram to Duan Qirui asking the Beiyang government to "take the external situation seriously and not to worry about it, and expressed his willingness to go to the front for the country". Feng Yuxiang then began supporting student demonstrations and on June 13th had his troops all wear black armbands to mourn the Shanghai martyrs. Feng Yuxiang pushed his men to donate to the Shanghai strike workers and personally donated 10,000 yuan. Feng Yuxiang watched costly the events unfold in the southeast. Upon discovering Sun Chuanfang was gaining the upper hand, Feng Yuxiang finally made his move. He began secretly extending his hand to just about anyone who would join with him to fight the Fengtian forces. Obviously Sun Chuanfang was immediately receptive. Feng Yuxiang then reached out within the Fengtian clique to see if any disgruntled commanders would defect. He flirted with Li Jinglin, the current governor over Hubei province. It seemed Li Jinglin was completely on board for the time being as another Fengtian commander welcomed the invitation. Guo Songling, holding the courtesy name Maochen, was born on December 25th of 1883 in Yuqiaozhai village of Dongling district in Liaoning province. In 1903 Guo Songling began studying under Mr. Dong Hanru in Changwangzhai. However he was soon forced to pull out of school because of the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War. In Autumn of 1905, General Zhao Erxun established the Fengtian Army Primary School at Dabeiguan in Fengtian. Guo Songling immediately joined up. The next year he met Fang Shengtao, a member of the Tongmenghui where he became exposed to revolutionary ideology. In 1907 Guo Songling graduated with honors and soon served as a sentry to the Shengjiang General's office. He was soon taken under the wing of commander Zhu Qinglan.  In 1909 Guo Songling was transferred to Chengdu, Sichuan alongside Zhu Qinglan. The next year Guo Songling joined the nationalist army of the Tongmenghui, joining the Tongmenghui as well. In 1911 the Sichuan Railway protection movement broke out and Guo Songling joined the uprising. By this point he was promoted to commander of the 2nd battalion of the 68th regiment, responsible for the defense of northern Chengdu. He persuaded the masses to lift the siege without bloodshed. The governor of Sichuan, Zhao Erfeng dismissed Guo Songlong, suspecting him to be colluding with bandits, but later restored him to his original post at the request of Zhu Qinglan. After the Wuchang uprising, various regions of Sichuan declared independence one after another. In Chengdu a new government formed with Zhu Qinglan as deputy governor. However sichuan generals soon instigated local troops to launch a mutiny, forcing Zhu Qinglan and many Hakka Generals to flee Sichuan. Guo Songling then decided to return to Fengtian province.  Back in Fengtian he joined another uprising movement led by Zhang Rong, but he was quickly arrested by the Qing government and beheaded. At this point one Han Shuxiu risked her life trying to stop the carriage carrying Zhang Rong to his execution. She was caught, but before they seized her, she told the police she was the fiance of Guo Songling, and this led them to let her go. She married Guo Songling shortly after. In 1912 Guo Songling entered the Beijing Officers institute and the next year he entered the army university. After graduating he served as a Beijing military academy instructor. In 1917 after Sun Yat-Sen established his military government in Guangzhou, Guo Songling joined up as the chief of staff to the Guangdong-Jiangxi-Hunan Border defense and became the battalion commander of the Guangdong provincial army. After Sun Yat-Sen saw some major defeats, Guo Songling departed Guangzhou, yet again returning to Fengtian where he took up a position as a tactical instructor for the military academy of Manchuria. It was here he met Zhang Xueliang. Zhang Xueliang soon recommended him to his dad who made him chief of staff and head of the 2nd regiment. By 1921 he was the head of the 8th Brigade.  During the first Zhili-Fengtian war of 1922, the eastern route force led by Zhang Xueliang and Guo Songling shattered Wu Peifu's plan to break through Shanhaiguan. During the second Zhili-Fengtian war of 1924, Zhang Xueliang and Guo Songling were serving as commander and deputy commander of the 3rd army. Alongside Jiang Dengxuan and Han Linchun commanding the 1st army, they soundly defeated the Zhili forces winning the war. Zhang Zuolin then appointed his son as commander of the BEijing-Yulin garrison with Guo Songling as his deputy commander. As Zhang Zuolin dispatched Fengtian commanders into China proper to occupy southern provinces. Guo Songling believed Zhang Zuolin and many of his commanders were becoming war mongers, and proposed a different strategy, emphasizing pulling back forces into China's interior to try and win over rural populations. Other commanders worked to politically exclude Guo Songling from Zhang Zuolin's ear, such as Yang Yuting, thus Guo Songling's proposal was rejected.  In 1925 Guo Songling took his wife to Japan to study military affairs. While in Japan Guo Songling learnt Zhang Zuolin was dispatched his troops south drawing Sun Chuanfang into a war. He also learned the extent of Zhang Zuolin's dealings with the Japanese and became disgusted with how he was seemingly selling out China. Now Guo Songling's wife Han Shuxiu was a graduate of Yenching University and a classmate of Feng Yuxiang's wife, Li Dequan. They had a good relationship and were close contacts. Han Shuxiu learned about Feng Yuxiang's dealings with the Soviets and told Guo Songling who became quite excited. Guo Songling had acquired quite a few grievances under Zhang Zuolin and wanted to overthrow him. Therefore he began to secretly negotiate with Feng Yuxiang. In November Guo Songling was recalled to China for the war effort. Instead of aiding the war effort, On November 22nd, Guo Songling raised an army in Luanzhou and sent a telegram stating he was rebelling against Zhang Zuolin. He called his force the “Northeast National Army”. Jiang Dengxuan rushed over to Luanzhou station to try and reason with Guo Songling, but was arrested upon entering the city. Guo Songling tried to persuade Jiang Dengxuan to join him to oppose Zhang Zuolin, but Jiang simply scolded him. Guo Songling then had him shot on November 26th. Guo Songling raised 70,000 troops who quickly captured Shanhaiguan. In the face of the onslaught, Zhang Zuolin only had 40,000 troops in the vicinity, as he had dispatched the vast majority of his forces into China proper to expand the Fengtian empire. Pretty ironic, the guy who told him to pull back his forces into the interior was now attacking his interior. Guo Songling's forces brushed aside the Fengtian armies, seizing Suizhong, Xingcheng and Jinzhou. The Fengtian forces were taken completely off guard and were quickly pushed towards the east bank of the Liaohe River. Guo Songling's main target was Mukden, which he soon erected a siege against. Guo Songling since November 22nd began repeatedly sending telegrams to Zhang Zuolin demanding he step down and allow his son Zhang Xueliang to take over. If Zhang Zuolin would simply do so, he promised to stop his rebellion. Zhang Zuolin panicked and began frantically placing a bounty over Guo Songling's head, up to 800,000 yuan. With no one to turn to, Zhang Zuolin ran with his tail between his legs to the Japanese asking if their Kwantung Army could stop Guo Songling. Zhang Zuolin knew very well the kind of man Guo Songling was. He knew the mans personality and vigor was a huge threat politically, allegedly Zhang Zuolin began the process of forming his resignation and peace talks. Zhang Zuolin was seen packing 29 cars with furniture and his valuables heading over to Dalian to flee, most likely for Japan. It is also said he had a ton of firewood and gasoline positioned around his mansion, so it could be burned down if Guo Songling got to it. Countless Fengtian civilian and military officials also began fleeing with their families, it was pure chaos. The Japanese were certainly not pleased with the situation. The Kwantung Army certainly did not want Guo Songling to gain power, it most certainly spelt doom over their dominance over Manchuria. Guo Songling was in league with Feng Yuxiang and to the Japanese this meant in one way or another, he was a communist sympathizer. The Japanese view of Guo Songling was “Guo's intention was to expel Zhang himself, clearly implement the Three Principles of the Kuomintang , involve the three northeastern provinces in war, attract Soviet forces into Manchuria, and induce a situation that Japan's national defense and Manchuria-Mongolia policy could not forgive." The president of the Manchuria railway company, Yasuhiro Banichiro believed “if Guo's rebellion was successful, the three northeastern provinces would be ravaged by the communist movement, and there might be a "free zone" without the Manchurian Railway and Kwantung Leased Territory." Consul General Yoshida Shigeru in Tianjin reported that if Guo Songling took over Manchuria, it was sure the Kuomintang would move in and the threat of communism with them. Thus the Japanese believed that Zhang Zuolin needed to stay in power. The Japanese began mediating a peace deal, highlighting how they wished both sides would recognize their empire's rights in Manchuria and Mongolia. They also added, if these demands were not respected they would go to war with either of them. Guo Songling slammed the table to this and shouted "How can this be! This is China's internal affairs! I don't understand what Japan's special rights are!" Then Zhang Zuolin made a secret agreement with the Japanese, caving into all their demands if the Kwantung army would send troops.  On december 8th, the Kwantung Army issued a warning to Guo Songling to stay 20 miles away from the south manchurian railway concession or they would get involved. The Kwantung army was taken measures to halt Guo Songling's advance and give Zhang Zuolin time to get his forces over. On the 9th the Japanese 10th divisional HQ moved from Liaoyang to Fengtian. The 63rd regiment,  1st artillery battalion and 1st Cavalry battalion of Gongzhuling alongside garrison units all converged upon Fengtian trying to intercept Guo Songling. On the 12th Guo Songling's vanguard arrived near Baiqibao. His right wing prepared an assault against Yingkou. On the 14th as they tried to enter Yingkou they were suddenly blocked by Japanese forces and issued another warning to back off. Guo Songling's men were thus banned from the urban area, forced to take the fighting along the Liaohe river. This was a huge obstacle between them at Fengtian, they would have to go 30 km's around the south manchuria railway to get to it. On the 15th the Japanese decided to withdraw part of the IJA 24th division from Korea and part of the 12th Division from Kurume to form a Manchuria expeditionary army that would be deployed in Fengtian to stop Guo Songling. On the 17th the main bulk of Guo Songling's army entered Baiqibao. On the 20th Guo Songling captured Xinmin and his vanguard was now arriving to the west bank of the Juliu river, due southwest of Mukden. Guo Songlings men could see the lights of Fengtian cities as they awaited the rest of the army to ford the river. The next day the main force arrived in Xinmen setting up a new HQ. The Fengtian defenses were led by Zhang Xueliang who deployed along the east bank of the Juliu river from Damintun to Gongzhutun. Wu Junsheng's 6th army, consisting mostly of cavalry were rushing south from Heilongjiang to take up a position on the Fengtian left wing while Zhang Zuoiangs 5th army was coming over from Jilin for the right wing. Zhang Xueliang personally led the 3rd army within the middle. Guo Songling set up his men along the west bank of the Juliu river, arranging them from north to south in the order of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th armies. On the 22nd Guo Songling gave the order for a general attack to take place the next day. The net day his army launched their attack against Zhang Xueliang's middle position, finding he was utilizing heavy Japanese weaponry. Zhang Zuoxiang attack with his right wing, quickly occupying Beigaotaizi, before hooking around to cut off Guo Songlings line of retreat. Then Wu Junsheng's left wing seized Liuhegou and assaulted Baiqibao where he burned Guo Songlings ammunition dumps, weaponry and provisions. Now Guo Songling's supply line was compromised and his rear was threatened. At this point Zhang Xueliang went out of his way to dispatch air forces to drop letters trying to get his friend to stop the rebellion. Without any response from Guo Songling, Zhang Xueliang took his force and began surrounding his army. That night Guo Songling held a meeting where his generals Zou Zuohua and Gao Jiyi advocated for a ceasefire and to go to the peace talks. Other generals such as Liu Wei and Fan Pujiang advocated to keep on fighting. In the end Guo Songling elected to keep the war going and decided to engage in a decisive battle on the 24th.  On the 24th, Guo Songling personally led the battle, launching three fierce attacks against the Fengtian forces. However Zuo Zuohua, his chief of staff defected, withdrawing an artillery brigade as he did so, greatly hampering the war effort. Guo Songling's army was defeated, he gave permission for his subordinates, even his personal guards to try and escape if they could during the night. Guo Songling and his wife Han Shuxiu were both captured by Wang Yongqing, the brigade commander of Wu Junshengs army. They were to be taken to Mukden for trial. On December 25th Wang Yongqing was escorting them when he received orders issued by Yang Yuting, Guo Songling's political rival. The orders were simply to shoot them on the spot. Now depending who you hear this story from, many claim it was actually Zhang Zuolin who sent the order. Historians believe Yang Yuting was worried Zhang Xueliang would rescue Guo Songling so he advised Zhang Zuolin it was best to simply kill him so the ordeal would not be repeated. At 10am Guo Songling and his wife were shot near Laodafang in Liaozhong county. Their bodies were transported to Mukden, which I should be calling Shenyang, I apologize the names change back and forth. Their bodies were left exposed in the Xiaoheyan stadium for three days. Thus ended the month long rebellion of Guo Songling. Now while all of that was breaking out in Manchuria, Feng Yuxiang had unleashed his war as well. In early december Feng Yuxiang led the Guominjun forces east launching a massive attack into Rehe province. Now if you recall, Feng Yuxiang had brokered a deal with Li Jinglin, and these parts of Rehe were his territory. Thus Li Jinglin saw this as a betrayal. He sent a telegram denouncing Feng Yuiang "He fooled his subordinates and used the heresy of communism to destroy the great defense and morality.I carry the sword for the country, not for party disputes or for profit, but only for this humanitarianism, in order to destroy the public enemy of the world and save our morality from the decline of five thousand years.It doesn't matter whether we are enemies or not, but only whether we are red or not.” Li Jinglin fought tenaciously against the Guominjun, however by December 23rd, Feng Yuxiang had seized Tianjin. Meanwhile alongside Sun Chuanfang, Wu Peifu had also joined the Zhili fight against the Fengtian forces, thus he was loosely allied to Feng Yuxiang. When Guo Songling's rebellion crumbled, it seemed clear to all, Feng Yuxiang was about to face the full brunt of Zhang Zuolin's Fengtian armies, who had withdrawn into the interior to meet his threat. While Feng Yuxiang dominated the Beijing area, it was only a matter of time before the Fengtian swarmed him. Wu Peifu had been quietly building up his powerbase in Hunan. While he appeared to be a good ally to the anti-Fengtian cause, he was anything but. The only person, Wu Peifu hated more than Zhang Zuolin, was of course Feng Yuxiang, the man who stabbed him in the back and ruined his Zhili dominated China dream. If Wu Peifu were to join Zhang Zuolin they would effectively surround and isolate Feng Yuxiangs pocket in the north. Wu Peifu knew if he wanted to rejoin the big boys club, he would have to kowtow to Zhang Zuolin and take up a subordinate position. If lets say Wu Peifu and Zhang Zuolin dominated Beijing again, they would be able to squeeze any funding away from Feng Yuxiang, shoving him back into the northwest, whence they could gradually beat him up. Thus Wu Peifu and Zhang Zuolin settled their differences and formed an alliance against the treacherous Feng Yuxiang. Its kind of funny but Feng Yuxiang had betrayed both men at some point so it was sort of the binding glue to their new found relationship. The Zhili and Fengtian cliques had united once again, this time calling themselves the Anti-Red coalition. Their objective was quite simple, they would surround and strangle Feng Yuxiang's army. On January 20th Feng Yuxiang had launched a battle against their new coalition at Shanhaiguan, Shandong and Henan simultaneously. Zhang Xueliang led his army to occupy Luanzhou before advancing towards Tianjin. Zhang Zongchang, whose army had withdrawn into Shandong after Sun Chuanfang had defeated them now attacked from the south. Zhang Zuolin dispatched a special envoy to officially form a alliance with Wu Peifu, asking him to attack Feng Yuxiang from his position and if possible see if Yan Xishan could be lured into the scuffle as well. Wu Peifu took his rather meager forces and marched north from Hubei into Hunan. His relatively weak army was assisted by the Red Spear Society. These were a rural self-defense movement that sprang up in Hebei, Henan and Shandong in the 1920s. They were local small land owners and tenant farmers trying to defend their lands or villages from roaming bandits, warlords, tax collectors and later on in history communists and Japanese. In many ways they were the spiritual successor to the Big Swords Society. This particular group of them had been abused by the Guominjun commander Yueh Weichun who presided over Hunan.  Back in the north, an incident broke out at the Taku forts. Feng Yuxiang having taken control of Tianjin and the Taku forts, seized some minor warships and began mining the seas. This was in violation of the Boxer Protocol and the IJN retaliated by bombarding his ships and even fired upon Feng Yuxiang's forces along the coast. Feng Yuxiang had his artillery fire back upon the IJN warships. In the face of the escalating situation, other foreign powers notified China they must stop what Feng Yuxiang was doing as it threatened to breach the Boxer Protocol. An ultimatum was given, prompting Duan Qirui to persuade Feng Yuxiangs forces to stop mining the waters. Then on March 18th, 1926, KMT and CCP members such as Xu Qian, Li Dazhao, Zhao Shiyan and others initiated a "National Congress against the Eight-Power Ultimatum" in front of Tiananmen, with Xu Qian served as the chairman of the presidium of the Congress. Mass demonstrations broke out in Tiananmen Square. They opposed the foreign ultimatum and called for an end to the unequal treaties, for foreign warships to depart their waters and for Feng Yuxiang to fight their imperial aggression. Li Dazhao took to the stage shouting "Don't be afraid, they dare not do anything to us!" Li Dazhao then led many to rush towards the state council. Duan Qirui panicked and ordered Beijing guards to fire upon them. A reporter at the scene stated stated that the marchers "the demonstrators attacked the State Council, poured oil, threw bombs, and attacked the military and police with pistols and sticks. The military and police were killed and injured in their legitimate defense." 47 demonstrators were killed, 150 more were wounded. Duan Qirui then ordered the arrest of the ring leaders, such as Li Dazho and Xu Qian who all fled. Back in the war for the north the Guominjun commander Lu Zhunglin now faced an offensive from Li Jinglin and Zhang Zongchang from Shandong and the main Fengtian forces coming from Manchuria. Li Jinglin began his advance in February of 1926, fighting Lu Zhunglin for several weeks. Feng Yuxiang realized they would lose the war at this rate and ordered the forces to pull out of Hubei and Henan into the Beijing area. Lu Zhunglin was forced to evacuate 100,000 man army by March 21st. Feng Yuxiang's took positions in the Beijing area where they would fight off the enemy for over a month, the enemy now including Wu Peifu who had advanced north from Hunan. Feng Yuxiang meanwhile arrested Duan Qirui and released Cao Kun on April 9th, trying to sow dissent between Wu Peifu and Zhang Zuolin. His idea was to declare he was once again willing to serve under Cao Kun, and sent word to Wu Peifu that they should join forces to destroy the Fengtian clique. Wu Peifu simply ignored this request. Lu Zhunglin leading the forces from the front knew he could not hope to hold back the onslaught any longer so on April 15th he evacuated the army to the Nankou Pass, roughly 30 miles northwest of Beijing. In the meantime the coalition led by armies under Zhang Zongchang, Zhang Xueliang, Li Jinglin and Wu Peifu occupied Beijing. They installed Yan Huiqing as a temporary figurehead as Duan Qirui was exiled to Tianjin under orders from Zhang Zuolin. The forces also sacked Beijing, so badly it would not recover until 1928. Now at the Nankou Pass, 90,000 Guominjun troops resisted the onslaught of over 450,000 of the enemy until August 16th. The Guominjun looking for another escape route dispatched a force led by Shi Yousan and Han Fuju into Shanxi. They were attacked near Datong by Yan Xishan's army. Despite being sympathetic to the Guominjun, as Yan Xishan was loosely associated with the KMT, his policy of neutrality had to be enforced, it was after all one of the ways he managed to survive this long. Feng Yuxiang's forces were quickly dislodged from Shanxi. Meanwhile Chahar fell to Zhang Xueliang's men as they advanced from Beijing and Suiyuan fell to Yan Xishan as his men advanced from Shanxi. The Guominjun put up a spartan-like resistance, but the Fengtian brought Japanese heavy artillery to the Nankou Pass where they blew away possibly 10,000 Guominjun. The Guominjun were forced to retreat into Gansu by August 15th.  Gansu at this time was being held by a bunch of lesser warlords whose domains were affected by religious divisions. Feng Yuxiang now took this time to go on a trip to the Soviet Union, announcing his resignation. Yet it was not actually a resignation, once in the USSR he began regaining control over his Guominjun army, winning back the favor of two of his best generals who had defected, Han Fuchu and Xu Yusan. Both these men had tossed their lot in with Yan Xishan temporarily. Feng Yuxiangs next goal was to recover his position in Shaanxi, where his forces had been under siege since April of 1926 by Liu Chenhua the previous warlord of Shaanxi. Liu Chenhua had been bolstered by Red Spear units from Hunan. Now Feng Yuxiang had basically united all the northern warlords in their hatred for him, so he pretty much had no one else to look to, except for of course, the Kuomintang.   I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Feng Yuxiang unleashed his Guominjun after securing many sneaky deals with those like Guo Songling, Sun Chuanfang, Li Jinglin and even Wu Peifu sort of. His plans all came to naught as he gradually lost the anti-fengtian war and now Wu Peifu and Zhang Zuolin were back in Beijing together, talk about Deja Vu.      

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: There and back again: reflections from leaving EA (and returning), published by LotteG on March 18, 2024 on The Effective Altruism Forum. This is a Draft Amnesty Week draft. It may not be polished, up to my usual standards, fully thought through, or fully fact-checked. Commenting and feedback guidelines: This is a Forum post that I wouldn't have posted without the nudge of Draft Amnesty Week, and is indeed my first ever forum post. Fire away! (But be nice, as usual) In Autumn 2016, as a first year undergraduate, I discovered Effective Altruism. Although I don't remember my inaugural meeting with EA, it must have had a big impact on me, because in a few short months I was all in. At the time, I was a physics student who had grown up with a deep - but not yet concrete - motivation to "make the world a better place". I had not yet formed any solid career ambitions, as I was barely aware of the kinds of careers that even existed for mathsy people like me - let alone any that would make me feel morally fulfilled. When I encountered EA, it felt like everything was finally slotting together. My nineteen year old brain was buzzing with the possibilities ahead. But by the following summer, barely a single fraying thread held me to EA. I had severed myself from EA and its community. Several years on, I have somehow found myself even more involved in EA than I was before (and, once again, I'm not fully sure how this happened). Now, I work in an EA job, engage with EA content, and even have EA friends (!). I genuinely believe that if I had not left EA when I did, then I wouldn't be able to describe my current relationship with EA in the two ways I do now: sustainable and healthy. Reflecting back on this transition, I have three key takeaways, specifically aimed at EA-aligned grads who are making their entry into the workforce. Disclaimers: These reflections probably do not apply in all cases. Most likely, there is variation in applicability by cause area, type of work, person, organisation, etc. This post is from my own perspective. For context, I work in operations. None of my commentary below is intended as a criticism of any specific org or institution. I simply hope to open people's minds to paths which go against what is seen as the default route to impact for many EAs coming out of university. (1) Skill building >> impressiveness factor My reservations with elite private institutions I often hear career advice in the EA space along the lines of: "Aim for the most impressive thing that you can get on your CV as quickly as possible, and by impressive we mean something like working somewhere elite in the private sector." I disagree with this advice on two levels: 1. Effort pay-off?? Emphasising the impressiveness-factor of a career move shifts focus away from what actually should be the priority: the skills gained. During my time away from EA, I saw many of my non-EA peers seek extremely prestigious roles at elite institutions - think Google, Goldman Sachs, PwC, and so on. Something that really struck me was how competitive, high-effort, time-consuming, and stressful the hiring rounds for these jobs were. And if they were lucky enough to beat the huge amounts of competition and get the job, yeah it would look great on their LinkedIn - but the tradeoff was often working long hours in a pressure-cooker environment, in a role that sometimes involved a high proportion of donkey work. The bias towards prestigious-sounding jobs is widespread across society, so it is no surprise that this has also proliferated EA. Among EAs, I suppose, the allure of such jobs is based on the assumption that the more prestigious an establishment, the better they will train you due to having greater resources. But think about it this way: given how much time, effort and (as you are probabilistically l...

In his remarks to the IIEA, Dr Declan Downey discusses how since the promulgation of its Constitution in 1947, Japan has forsworn war and the use of nuclear weapons, maintained military neutrality, and pursued a pacifist foreign policy. Yet, it has not adopted ‘the ostrich pose' regarding recent and emerging challenges to international stability. Over the past decade, successive governments have augmented national defence capabilities, and most recently, on 16 December 2022, the current government of Premier Kishida launched its new national defence policy,  ‘The Three Strategic Documents', which has received considerable public support. This presentation explores how this transformation has occurred, how it may be implemented, and the challenges that it would face. Further, Dr Downey also discusses how Japan may provide pointers as to how another pacifist and neutral island nation off the coast of a major continental world power might learn how to meet the same challenges of current global realpolitik. This event has been organised in conjunction with the Embassy of Japan, Ireland. About the Speaker: Declan M. Downey was awarded the Ph.D. in Legal & Diplomatic History from the University of Cambridge in 1993. Since 1995, he has been lecturing in European and Japanese Diplomatic History at University College Dublin, where he coordinates the BCL degree programme in Law with History. In 1995, he initiated the first ever Japanese History course at degree level in Ireland at UCD. He also supervised the first ever doctoral dissertation in Japanese Studies in Ireland. A former trustee of the Chester Beatty Library (2012-2017), he is closely involved with Japanese cultural and academic events in Ireland. In 2009, he was the first Irish citizen to be elected to membership of the Spanish Royal Academy of History. Since 2018, he has been an Assessor for the Publications Board of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna. His extensive publications and leading role in major international research projects have been recognised with international distinctions and awards, including Austrian and Spanish state honours, and the Japanese Foreign Minister's Commendation in 2020. In Autumn 2022, Dr Downey was the first Irish academic to be awarded the prestigious Gaimushō Visiting Scholarship, which he took up in Tokyo during his semestral research leave from UCD last Spring.

Michael Karolewski is a versatile author whose journey to the realm of literature has been as diverse as the worlds he creates in his novels. With a background in Math and Economics from Northeastern University, Michael's career path has taken him through various industries, including stints at two insurance companies, a call centre, and most recently, the tech sector. However, amidst his professional endeavours, Michael harboured a lifelong dream of becoming an author, which he now fervently pursues.Hailing from Smithfield, Rhode Island, Michael's passion for storytelling bloomed at an early age. He penned his first book, "Revenge of the World," in second grade and sold it on the playground—an early indication of his entrepreneurial spirit and literary flair. Now residing in Boston for the past decade, Michael channels his love for dogs, nature, Solitaire, and moody music into his creative process, often accompanied by the therapeutic challenge of jigsaw puzzles.In Autumn 2021, Michael's debut novel, "The Soul Sector," thrust readers into the intriguing realm of Valcara, a dystopian purgatory where souls are commodities. The story follows Rose Ryder's journey as she navigates a cosmic conspiracy, blending elements of the afterlife with earthly intrigue. The success of his first venture into publishing set the stage for Michael's continued exploration of supernatural realms and complex moral dilemmas.In his eagerly awaited sequel, "The Prophet's Debt," Michael delves deeper into Rose's adventures, weaving a tapestry of interdimensional conflicts and personal redemption. As Rose confronts new adversaries and unearths unsettling truths, readers are drawn into a world where the boundaries between life and death blur, challenging conventional notions of fate and morality.With his distinctive blend of suspense, fantasy, and philosophical depth, Michael Karolewski invites readers to embark on a journey beyond the ordinary, where every page promises discovery and revelation. As he continues to hone his craft, Michael remains committed to captivating audiences with his unique storytelling voice and imaginative storytelling. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In Autumn 2023 I started to notice a gradual increase in stress levels woven into the world around me.  People seemed to be driving more erratically, they were under more pressure at work and the cost of living crisis was hitting everybody's pockets. In November I went out to celebrate my brother's birthday and seemed like every conversation I was having revolved around mental health or money worries. Then between Christmas and New Year I went out for dinner with some friends and we had a really interesting disagreement about the wold and how it works. Quite often in life if you follow the money you'll get to the answers you're looking for. And this is my story. 

Hello Worthy Warriors! Happy Thursday! This week we have a replay of the most listened-to episode of 2023, and it's special! My good friend Autumn is joining us, and Autumn Lynne is a book writing coach and author. She helps women who've realized that something isn't working anymore but don't know where to start making a change. Back in 2014, her proverbial carton of eggs had dropped and splattered all over the floor. Autumn didn't know who she was, didn't know what she wanted, and didn't have a clue what to do next. Listen for a dose of inspiration for 2024. She applied what became the Fresh Start Formula to herself. One decision at a time, Autumn became a woman who prioritizes herself, who makes time for the things she enjoys, and who knows what she wants her life to look like. In Autumn's book, “How Do You Like Your Eggs?” she takes you through her Formula and helps you create your very own Fresh Start, one decision at a time. You can find more about Autumn here on her website, and purchase her book here. I want to kick 2024 off with courage, and great momentum, so I'm offering a Doing It Scared 30-Day Challenge AND starting round 2 of Brave & Unreasonable Life! This is the best gift you can give yourself.

In Autumn. Irish emo queen, yellow jacket icon and sad Manchester United diehard, Steph O'Sullivan, is our guest on Episode 261 of Sappenin' Podcast! The Greywind vocalist unleashes bottled up confessions on music industry trauma, sibling songwriting and controlling their own narrative. In this conversation, Steph opens up on the bands fresh start vs their rollercoaster journey, secret label nightmares, why their debut album Afterthoughts (2017) was never celebrated probably, awful agent comments, not being allowed to tour, finally recording new music, overcoming self doubt, Fred Durst praise, blowing up on TiKTok, hair-dye therapy, being compared as the female Gerard Way x Adam Lazzara x Tom DeLonge, sibling inspiration, Jason Perry gun accidents, the art of good crying, never giving up, football fan misery, 2024 bucket-lists and more! Turn it up and join Sean and Morgan to find out Sappenin' this week!Follow us on Social Media:Twitter: @sappeninpod.Instagram: @sappeninpod.Special thank you to our Sappenin' Podcast Patreons:Join the Sappenin' Podcast Community: Patreon.com/Sappenin.Kylie Wheeler, Janelle Caston, Paul Hirschfield, Scarlet Charlton, Tony Michael, Dilly Grimwood, Kelly Irwin, Nathan Crawshaw, Mitch Perry, Emma Barber, Alexandra Pemblington, Kat Bessant, Molly Molloy, James Bowerbank, Jenni Robinson, Amee Louise, Stuart McNaught, Louis Cook, Martina McManus, Danny Eaton, Carl Pendlebury, James McNaught, Jenni Munster, Jason Heredia, John&Emma, Em Evans Roberts, Craig Harris, Evan Dodd, Sian Foynes, Emily Perry, Vicki Henshaw, Kalila Keane, Ollie Amesbury, Adam Parslow, Josh Crisp, Joe Janaway, Kyle Smith, Connor Lewins, Let it Flow Yoga, Harry Radford, Billy Hunter, Anthony English, Jordan Harris, James Page, Jade Austin, Kael Braham, Helen Hartga, John Wilson, Kelly Young, Ayla Emo, Lisa Sullivan, Jennifer Dean, Samantha Neville, Michael Snowden, Lewis Sluman, Sharif Owadally, Shaun Croucher, Amy Thomas, Justine Baddeley, Sarah Maher, Stevie Burke, David Winchurch, Luke Wardle, Bethan Downing, Jessie Hellier, Robert Pike, Jessica Tiernan, Nathan Matheson, Owen Davies, Chris Hawthorne, Matt Roberts, Jim Farrell, Erin Howard, Joshua Lewis, Anthony Matthews, Chris Harris, Scott Evans, Andrew Simpson, Danielle Oldershaw, Samantha Bowen, Lucy Neill, Ruby Price, Grazyna McGroarty, Joshua Ryan, Loz Sanchez, , Amandine Urbano, Eva B, Dan Johnson, Billy Parmiter, Alice Wood, Emma Musgrave, Hannah Kenyon, Hayley Taylor, Jonny Rothman, Hannah Rachael, Beth Gayler, Ieuan Wheeler, Madeleine Inez, Sabina Laura, Tom Hylands, Andrew Keech, Gemma Bisi, Robert Byrne, Nuala Clark, Kerry Beckett, Chris Lincoln, Christopher Goldring, Gemma Graham, Jacob Turner, Leanne Gerrard, Andy Wastell, Lesley Dargie-Walker, Jay Smith, Livvy Cropper, Thomas O'Neill, Nathan White, Dana Lasnover, Dan Cullen, Internet Friends, Melissa Mercury.Diolch and Thank You x Get bonus content on Patreon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In Autumn 1967, Elisabeth Elliot visited Jerusalem to see for herself if the Israeli victory in the Six-Day War had indeed brought about a ‘new' Jerusalem, in fulfillment of the Biblical prophecies of the Redemption of the Holy City. What she came away with is an intensely personal account of the city, its monuments, and the suffering of its people. But nonetheless prophetic.  As yet another episode of war rages in the Middle East, Pastor Marwan Aboul-Zelof decided to revisit Elliot's 1969 out-of-print book, Furnace of the Lord: Reflections on the Redemption of the Holy City, record it and share it on the Didomi podcast in the hopes that Elliot's voice speaks to us today, and to help Christians engage in peacemaking in the region and bring about healing, reconciliation and peace. This is the seventeenth and final chapter of her book, O Jerusalem, Jerusalem! You can find all the previous chapters at www.didomi.co

In Autumn 1967, Elisabeth Elliot visited Jerusalem to see for herself if the Israeli victory in the Six-Day War had indeed brought about a ‘new' Jerusalem, in fulfillment of the Biblical prophecies of the Redemption of the Holy City. What she came away with is an intensely personal account of the city, its monuments, and the suffering of its people. But nonetheless prophetic.  As yet another episode of war rages in the Middle East, Pastor Marwan Aboul-Zelof decided to revisit Elliot's 1969 out-of-print book, Furnace of the Lord: Reflections on the Redemption of the Holy City, record it and share it on the Didomi podcast in the hopes that Elliot's voice speaks to us today, and to help Christians engage in peacemaking in the region and bring about healing, reconciliation and peace. This is the sixteenth chapter of her book, Make Straight in the Desert a Highway. The seventeenth and final chapter will be published next. Subscribe to Didomi podcast to be notified of the next chapter publication, or sign-up to our newsletter https://podcast.ausha.co/didomi?s=1 You can find all the previous recordings at https://www.didomi.co

In Autumn 1967, Elisabeth Elliot visited Jerusalem to see for herself if the Israeli victory in the Six-Day War had indeed brought about a ‘new' Jerusalem, in fulfillment of the Biblical prophecies of the Redemption of the Holy City. What she came away with is an intensely personal account of the city, its monuments, and the suffering of its people. But nonetheless prophetic.  As yet another episode of war rages in the Middle East, Pastor Marwan Aboul-Zelof decided to revisit Elliot's 1969 out-of-print book, Furnace of the Lord: Reflections on the Redemption of the Holy City, record it and share it on the Didomi podcast in the hopes that Elliot's voice speaks to us today, and to help Christians engage in peacemaking in the region and bring about healing, reconciliation and peace. This is the fifteenth chapter of her book, The Garden of Gethsemane. The final two chapters will be published soon. Subscribe to Didomi podcast to be notified of the next chapter publication, or sign-up to our newsletter https://podcast.ausha.co/didomi?s=1 You can find all the previous recordings at https://www.didomi.co

In Autumn 1967, Elisabeth Elliot visited Jerusalem to see for herself if the Israeli victory in the Six-Day War had indeed brought about a ‘new' Jerusalem, in fulfillment of the Biblical prophecies of the Redemption of the Holy City. What she came away with is an intensely personal account of the city, its monuments, and the suffering of its people. But nonetheless prophetic.  As yet another episode of war rages in the Middle East, Pastor Marwan Aboul-Zelof decided to revisit Elliot's 1969 out-of-print book, Furnace of the Lord: Reflections on the Redemption of the Holy City, record it and share it on the Didomi podcast in the hopes that Elliot's voice speaks to us today, and to help Christians engage in peacemaking in the region and bring about healing, reconciliation and peace. This is the fourteenth chapter of her book, Zionism. More chapters will follow. Subscribe to Didomi podcast to be notified of the next chapter publication, or sign-up to our newsletter https://podcast.ausha.co/didomi?s=1 You can find all the previous recordings at https://www.didomi.co

In Autumn 1967, Elisabeth Elliot visited Jerusalem to see for herself if the Israeli victory in the Six-Day War had indeed brought about a ‘new' Jerusalem, in fulfillment of the Biblical prophecies of the Redemption of the Holy City. What she came away with is an intensely personal account of the city, its monuments, and the suffering of its people. But nonetheless prophetic.  As yet another episode of war rages in the Middle East, Pastor Marwan Aboul-Zelof decided to revisit Elliot's 1969 out-of-print book, Furnace of the Lord: Reflections on the Redemption of the Holy City, record it and share it on the Didomi podcast in the hopes that Elliot's voice speaks to us today, and to help Christians engage in peacemaking in the region and bring about healing, reconciliation and peace. This is the eleventh chapter of her book, Four Arabs in Jerusalem. More chapters will follow. Subscribe to Didomi podcast to be notified of the next chapter publication, or sign-up to our newsletter https://podcast.ausha.co/didomi?s=1 You can find all the previous recordings at https://www.didomi.co

In Autumn 1967, Elisabeth Elliot visited Jerusalem to see for herself if the Israeli victory in the Six-Day War had indeed brought about a ‘new' Jerusalem, in fulfillment of the Biblical prophecies of the Redemption of the Holy City. What she came away with is an intensely personal account of the city, its monuments, and the suffering of its people. But nonetheless prophetic.  As yet another episode of war rages in the Middle East, Pastor Marwan Aboul-Zelof decided to revisit Elliot's 1969 out-of-print book, Furnace of the Lord: Reflections on the Redemption of the Holy City, record it and share it on the Didomi podcast in the hopes that Elliot's voice speaks to us today, and to help Christians engage in peacemaking in the region and bring about healing, reconciliation and peace. This is the thirteenth chapter of her book, A Carnival in the Holy City. More chapters will follow. Subscribe to Didomi podcast to be notified of the next chapter publication, or sign-up to our newsletter https://podcast.ausha.co/didomi?s=1 You can find all the previous recordings at https://www.didomi.co

In Autumn 1967, Elisabeth Elliot visited Jerusalem to see for herself if the Israeli victory in the Six-Day War had indeed brought about a ‘new' Jerusalem, in fulfillment of the Biblical prophecies of the Redemption of the Holy City. What she came away with is an intensely personal account of the city, its monuments, and the suffering of its people. But nonetheless prophetic.  As yet another episode of war rages in the Middle East, Pastor Marwan Aboul-Zelof decided to revisit Elliot's 1969 out-of-print book, Furnace of the Lord: Reflections on the Redemption of the Holy City, record it and share it on the Didomi podcast in the hopes that Elliot's voice speaks to us today, and to help Christians engage in peacemaking in the region and bring about healing, reconciliation and peace. This is the twelfth chapter of her book, Peace and War. More chapters will follow. Subscribe to Didomi podcast to be notified of the next chapter publication, or sign-up to our newsletter https://podcast.ausha.co/didomi?s=1 You can find all the previous recordings at https://www.didomi.co

In Autumn 1967, Elisabeth Elliot visited Jerusalem to see for herself if the Israeli victory in the Six-Day War had indeed brought about a ‘new' Jerusalem, in fulfillment of the Biblical prophecies of the Redemption of the Holy City. What she came away with is an intensely personal account of the city, its monuments, and the suffering of its people. But nonetheless prophetic.  As yet another episode of war rages in the Middle East, Pastor Marwan Aboul-Zelof decided to revisit Elliot's 1969 out-of-print book, Furnace of the Lord: Reflections on the Redemption of the Holy City, record it and share it on the Didomi podcast in the hopes that Elliot's voice speaks to us today, and to help Christians engage in peacemaking in the region and bring about healing, reconciliation and peace. This is the nineth chapter of her book, The Real Israel. More chapters will follow. Subscribe to Didomi podcast to be notified of the next chapter publication, or sign-up to our newsletter https://podcast.ausha.co/didomi?s=1 You can find all the previous recordings at https://www.didomi.co

In Autumn 1967, Elisabeth Elliot visited Jerusalem to see for herself if the Israeli victory in the Six-Day War had indeed brought about a ‘new' Jerusalem, in fulfillment of the Biblical prophecies of the Redemption of the Holy City. What she came away with is an intensely personal account of the city, its monuments, and the suffering of its people. But nonetheless prophetic.  As yet another episode of war rages in the Middle East, Pastor Marwan Aboul-Zelof decided to revisit Elliot's 1969 out-of-print book, Furnace of the Lord: Reflections on the Redemption of the Holy City, record it and share it on the Didomi podcast in the hopes that Elliot's voice speaks to us today, and to help Christians engage in peacemaking in the region and bring about healing, reconciliation and peace. This is the tenth chapter of her book, Mother Jerusalem. More chapters will follow. Subscribe to Didomi podcast to be notified of the next chapter publication, or sign-up to our newsletter https://podcast.ausha.co/didomi?s=1 You can find all the previous recordings at https://www.didomi.co 

In Autumn 1967, Elisabeth Elliot visited Jerusalem to see for herself if the Israeli victory in the Six-Day War had indeed brought about a ‘new' Jerusalem, in fulfillment of the Biblical prophecies of the Redemption of the Holy City. What she came away with is an intensely personal account of the city, its monuments, and the suffering of its people. But nonetheless prophetic.  As yet another episode of war rages in the Middle East, Pastor Marwan Aboul-Zelof decided to revisit Elliot's 1969 out-of-print book, Furnace of the Lord: Reflections on the Redemption of the Holy City, record it and share it on the Didomi podcast in the hopes that Elliot's voice speaks to us today, and to help Christians engage in peacemaking in the region and bring about healing, reconciliation and peace. This is the eighth chapter of her book, Jerusalem Redeemed.  More chapters will follow. Subscribe to Didomi podcast to be notified of the next chapter publication, or sign-up to our newsletter https://podcast.ausha.co/didomi?s=1  You can find all the previous recordings at https://www.didomi.co 

In Autumn 1967, Elisabeth Elliot visited Jerusalem to see for herself if the Israeli victory in the Six-Day War had indeed brought about a ‘new' Jerusalem, in fulfillment of the Biblical prophecies of the Redemption of the Holy City. What she came away with is an intensely personal account of the city, its monuments, and the suffering of its people. But nonetheless prophetic.  As yet another episode of war rages in the Middle East, Pastor Marwan Aboul-Zelof decided to revisit Elliot's 1969 out-of-print book, Furnace of the Lord: Reflections on the Redemption of the Holy City, record it and share it on the Didomi podcast in the hopes that Elliot's voice speaks to us today, and to help Christians engage in peacemaking in the region and bring about healing, reconciliation and peace. This is the seventh chapter of her book, There is No God but God.  More chapters will follow. Subscribe to Didomi podcast to be notified of the next chapter publication, or sign-up to our newsletter https://podcast.ausha.co/didomi?s=1  You can find all the previous recordings at https://www.didomi.co 

In Autumn 1967, Elisabeth Elliot visited Jerusalem to see for herself if the Israeli victory in the Six-Day War had indeed brought about a ‘new' Jerusalem, in fulfillment of the Biblical prophecies of the Redemption of the Holy City. What she came away with is an intensely personal account of the city, its monuments, and the suffering of its people. But nonetheless prophetic.  As yet another episode of war rages in the Middle East, Pastor Marwan Aboul-Zelof decided to revisit Elliot's 1969 out-of-print book, Furnace of the Lord: Reflections on the Redemption of the Holy City, record it and share it on the Didomi podcast in the hopes that Elliot's voice speaks to us today, and to help Christians engage in peacemaking in the region and bring about healing, reconciliation and peace. This is the sixth chapter of her book, The World's Heart.  More chapters will follow. Subscribe to Didomi podcast to be notified of the next chapter publication, or sign-up to our newsletter https://podcast.ausha.co/didomi?s=1  You can find all the previous recordings at https://www.didomi.co 

In Autumn 1967, Elisabeth Elliot visited Jerusalem to see for herself if the Israeli victory in the Six-Day War had indeed brought about a ‘new' Jerusalem, in fulfillment of the Biblical prophecies of the Redemption of the Holy City. What she came away with is an intensely personal account of the city, its monuments, and the suffering of its people. But nonetheless prophetic.  As yet another episode of war rages in the Middle East, Pastor Marwan Aboul-Zelof decided to revisit Elliot's 1969 out-of-print book, Furnace of the Lord: Reflections on the Redemption of the Holy City, record it and share it on the Didomi podcast in the hopes that Elliot's voice speaks to us today, and to help Christians engage in peacemaking in the region and bring about healing, reconciliation and peace. This is the fifth chapter of her book, A Bowl of Gold Full of Scorpions.  More chapters will follow. Subscribe to Didomi podcast to be notified of the next chapter publication, or sign-up to our newsletter https://podcast.ausha.co/didomi?s=1  You can find all the previous recordings at https://www.didomi.co 

In Autumn 1967, Elisabeth Elliot visited Jerusalem to see for herself if the Israeli victory in the Six-Day War had indeed brought about a ‘new' Jerusalem, in fulfillment of the Biblical prophecies of the Redemption of the Holy City. What she came away with is an intensely personal account of the city, its monuments, and the suffering of its people. But nonetheless prophetic.  As yet another episode of war rages in the Middle East, Pastor Marwan Aboul-Zelof decided to revisit Elliot's 1969 out-of-print book, Furnace of the Lord: Reflections on the Redemption of the Holy City, record it and share it on the Didomi podcast in the hopes that Elliot's voice speaks to us today, and to help Christians engage in peacemaking in the region and bring about healing, reconciliation and peace. This is the fourth chapter of her book, Old and New Jerusalem.  More chapters will follow. Subscribe to Didomi podcast to be notified of the next chapter publication, or sign-up to our newsletter https://podcast.ausha.co/didomi?s=1  You can find all the previous recordings at https://www.didomi.co 

In Autumn 1967, Elisabeth Elliot visited Jerusalem to see for herself if the Israeli victory in the Six-Day War had indeed brought about a ‘new' Jerusalem, in fulfillment of the Biblical prophecies of the Redemption of the Holy City. What she came away with is an intensely personal account of the city, its monuments, and the suffering of its people. But nonetheless prophetic.  As yet another episode of war rages in the Middle East, Pastor Marwan Aboul-Zelof decided to revisit Elliot's 1969 out-of-print book, Furnace of the Lord: Reflections on the Redemption of the Holy City, record it and share it on the Didomi podcast in the hopes that Elliot's voice speaks to us today, and to help Christians engage in peacemaking in the region and bring about healing, reconciliation and peace. This is the third chapter of her book, Redeemed, Betrayed, and Redeemed.  More chapters will follow. Subscribe to Didomi podcast to be notified of the next chapter publication, or sign-up to our newsletter https://podcast.ausha.co/didomi?s=1  You can find all the previous recordings at https://www.didomi.co 

In Autumn 1967, Elisabeth Elliot visited Jerusalem to see for herself if the Israeli victory in the Six-Day War had indeed brought about a ‘new' Jerusalem, in fulfillment of the Biblical prophecies of the Redemption of the Holy City. What she came away with is an intensely personal account of the city, its monuments, and the suffering of its people. But nonetheless prophetic.  As yet another episode of war rages in the Middle East, Pastor Marwan Aboul-Zelof decided to revisit Elliot's 1969 out-of-print book, Furnace of the Lord: Reflections on the Redemption of the Holy City, record it and share it on the Didomi podcast in the hopes that Elliot's voice speaks to us today, and to help Christians engage in peacemaking in the region and bring about healing, reconciliation and peace. This is the second chapter of her book, The Wailing Wall.  More chapters will follow. Subscribe to Didomi podcast to be notified of the next chapter publication, or sign-up to our newsletter https://podcast.ausha.co/didomi?s=1  You can find all the previous recordings at https://www.didomi.co 

In Autumn 1967, Elisabeth Elliot visited Jerusalem to see for herself if the Israeli victory in the Six-Day War had indeed brought about a ‘new' Jerusalem, in fulfillment of the Biblical prophecies of the Redemption of the Holy City. What she came away with is an intensely personal account of the city, its monuments, and the suffering of its people. But nonetheless prophetic.  As yet another episode of war rages in the Middle East, Pastor Marwan Aboul-Zelof decided to revisit Elliot's 1969 out-of-print book, Furnace of the Lord: Reflections on the Redemption of the Holy City, record it and share it on the Didomi podcast in the hopes that Elliot's voice speaks to us today, and to help Christians engage in peacemaking in the region and bring about healing, reconciliation and peace. This is the first chapter of her book, The Name of a Dream. More chapters will follow. Subscribe to Didomi podcast to be notified of the next chapter publication, or sign-up to our newsletter https://podcast.ausha.co/didomi?s=1 

  I have been having a hard time keeping up my mix output lately. There are many reasons, from too much work to too many concerts and social things to a pennant run in baseball. Also playing a part is me getting a little burned out on ambient music. There is so much of it released every week, every month that it becomes a bit overwhelming and it all starts to blend together after a while. I end up with little motivation to find another theme for yet another ambient mix.  I'm sure I'll snap out of this funk but for now, Paul Asbury Seaman comes to the rescue! Just when I needed it, Paul delivers a fantastic berlin-school, train themed mix. As I've said many times before, I like Paul's mixes because sometimes they go in directions I normally don't go with my own mixes. That's the case again here with these berlin-school tracks. I like sequencer-based music but it's not a style I reach for often. And then I hear one of Paul's mixes and I'm like - "Why don't I listen to this music more often?" Whatever the reason, I'm glad Paul is here to remind us about how cool this style can be. Here's what Paul has to say about this collection: “No powerful locomotives this time. No high-speed rail or epic cross-country journey. Just a relaxed excursion through autumn foliage. All but three of these tracks are from 2023. Watch for the REAL guitar on ‘In the Fading Starlight.' Synth Replicants was one of my big/happy discoveries this past year. (This was one of the milder tracks!) Enjoy.” Thanks Paul! Cheers!   T R A C K L I S T : 00:00    Wil Bolton - Yellow Morning (So​̈​dermalm In Autumn 2023) 09:09    Erik Wøllo - Motion Picture (Cloud of Strings 2023) 12:50    Thom Brennan - Wavemaker pt. 2 (Wavemaker 2023) 21:12    Mac Of Bionight - Memory Has No Conscience (COORDINATES volume 11 2023) 28:12    Nils Frahm - #2 (All Melody 2018) 36:25    Steve Roach The Weaving Way (The Weaving Way 2023) 42:18    Node - The Traveller (Node 2 2014) 47:18    Synth Replicants - In The Fading Starlight (Time of Legends 2023) 53:30    Alpha Wave Movement - Lattices of Light (Cerulean Skies 2017) 61:20    Larkenlyre - Sometimes Hope Comes Wrapped In Dark Skies (You and I and Every Sky 2023) 65:18    end

SHULING GUO is an artist born in Guangdong Province, China who graduated from the Oil Painting Department of Central Academy of Fine Arts in Beijing with a BFA in 2010. She immigrated to the United States in 2019, and now lives in Philadelphia and aboard the Sailing Vessel Selkie. In 2012, she had her first solo exhibition Secret Fragrance in Beyond Art Space in Beijing. Since then, her work has been widely exhibited in Beijing, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and among other places. Her works have been included in the permanent collections of Central Academy of Fine Arts Art Museum (Beijing) and Art Museum of Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts (Guangzhou). In 2020 she held a solo exhibition in New York at Fou Gallery: 5—6 pm. Followed by a second solo exhibition at Fou Gallery in 2022 - Sotto Voce. In Autumn 2022 her work was featured in Platform, in partnership with David Zwirner gallery.

Happy Thursday Worthiness Warriors. This episode is really special to me because my good friend Autumn is joining us today. Autumn Lynne is a life coach and author. She helps women who've realized that something isn't working anymore but don't know where to start making a change. Back in 2014, her proverbial carton of eggs had dropped and splattered all over the floor. Autumn didn't know who she was, didn't know what she wanted, and didn't have a clue what to do next. She applied what became the Fresh Start Formula to herself. One decision at a time, Autumn became a woman who prioritizes herself, who makes time for the things she enjoys, and who knows what she wants her life to look like. In Autumn's book, “How Do You Like Your Eggs?” she takes you through her Formula and helps you create your very own Fresh Start, one decision at a time. You can find more about Autumn here on her website, and purchase her book here. You can find more information about Book to Business with Autumn and Lin Eleoff here.  If you want to work with me 1-on-1 with me click here. Join me at the next retreat on the Oregan Coast in May!! Thank you, and have a beautiful rest of your day. I'll see you next week.

In Autumn, schools publish their Progress 8 Score. What is it? How is it calculated? How relevant is it to measure the progress that children do in schools? These are the questions we will answer in this podcast.

The Traveling TeacherDragana Vasilijević-Valent, Ph.D., is an experienced language teacher and a teacher trainer living in Vienna, Austria.Her teaching experience includes language courses at the Faculty of Philology (University of Belgrade), Academy of applied studies, Aviation Academy, University of Innsbruck (Austria), and many private language schools. In 2021, Dragana obtained a Ph.D. degree in CLIL methodology.Since 2019 she has been active as a teacher trainer for different publishing houses and teacher federations.In Autumn 2021, she decided to leave academia and be officially dedicated to her online business only without attachment to any institution. Since then she visited more than 20 countries while developing her online business.Dragana worked with more than 200 online language teachers, helping them improve their online presence and launch e-mail programs and video courses.BIGGEST TAKEAWAYS FROM THIS EPISODE:What is the first step, if someone wants to start working online as a teacherDragana's advice to all the teachers thinking about leaving school or university and starting an online projectMost people are used to thinking that the only thing language teachers can offer are 1-on-1 lessons or group courses, is that really the case WORK WITH MECOACHES, CONSULTANTS, ENTREPRENEURS & BUSINESS OWNERS if you are ready to step into your power, do what you love, and make your dream business flourish◉ Book a free call with me:☎ http://bit.ly/StrategySessionWithCatherineDownload LinkedIn Decoded eBook: https://www.lhmacademia.com/Visit https://linktr.ee/catherinebroy for more

Kristy M Chan (b.1997, Hong Kong) lives and works between London and Hong Kong. She received her BFA from Slade School of Fine Art in 2019 and her MA from Sotheby's Institute of Art in 2020. Recent solo exhibitions include Binge, The Artist Room in collaboration with Simon Lee Gallery, London (2022), Strong Cookie, Prior Art Space, Berlin (2022) and Totally Not, The Artist Room, London, (2021–2). Selected recent group exhibitions include New Romantics, Lee Eugean Gallery, Seoul (2022); The Sky Above the Roof, Tabula Rasa, Beijing (2022); Femme-Ate, Soho Revue, London (2021); Space Shuffler, HART HAUS, Hong Kong (2021); Big Soft Illusion, Alte Handelsschule, Leipzig (2020); and Haam4 Seoi2 Goeng1, Hong Kong Visual Art Centre, Hong Kong (2019). Residencies include Del Arco Residency, Berlin (2022); PILOTENKUECHE, Leipzig (2020) and AiR Frosterus, Finland (2019). In Autumn 2022, Chan will receive a residency at The Cabin, Los Angeles. Chan's work resides in prominent institutional collections such as Yan Lan Art Foundation, Beijing; and X Museum, Beijing.   Links to work (2 most recent group shows): New Romantics, Seoul  (Image Courtesy of Philips and The Artist Room): https://www.phillips.com/store/new-romantics  The Sky Above the Roof, Beijing  (Image Courtesy of Tabula Rasa Gallery): https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1XNaDf749jGAtWxI1hPYglehy0vheknEc?usp=sharing    Recent interview: https://ocula.com/advisory/perspectives/in-the-studio-with-kristy-m-chan/    music ‘Baby, I Miss The Internet' (Rama, Rama, Rama)  by TOT TAYLOR is used by kind permission of the artist ©Tot Taylor/Songmatic Music (2020) PRS/MCPS/PPL

Last time we spoke about the harrowing tale of what could be one of the most evil leaders in human history, depending of course which sources you read about him. Indeed Zhang Xianzhong, regardless if he was fully, half or less guilty of the crimes against humanity laid against his name, has gone down in Chinese history as a significant figure. The people of Sichuan underwent a horror and it would take two full centuries for Sichuan to regain its lost population. Thus with the fall of Zhang Xianzhong, Li Zicheng and countless South Ming claimants to the throne, who was left for the remnants of the former to rally around? Well one of the self proclaimed Emperors to the South Ming regime was still alive and….fleeing. Emperor Yongli now had an opportunity to harness the scattered Dashun, Daxi and other Ming loyalists to his cause.    This episode is the Flight & Fight of Emperor Yongli   Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on the history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War.   Well after a rather horrifying episode dedicated just to Zhang Xianzhong's regime in Sichuan we now come back to the South Ming regime. Now while Zhang Xianzhong was busy turning Sichuan into a cemetery, the South Ming Loyalists were engaged in a life or death struggle for central and southeast China. A series of Ming claimants to the dragon throne rose and fell. Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong are both dead leaving their Dashun and Daxi followers in a power vacuum to be swallowed up by mere Banditry, or perhaps defecting to the Qing or Ming. As for the largest victims, the common people, they were once again caught in the middle, soon to be subjugated to war, famine and general hardship. As one scholar one put it “The long conquest of central and south China required armed struggle in county after county, community after community, forcing countless people to face the grim choices on their own doorsteps.”. When the Qing took Beijing, they faced multiple enemies. Li Zicheng fled west and the South Ming Regime sprang up in the south. It meant the Qing would be forced to divide their forces, resources and attention. But their enemies were not only not cooperating, they we're all fighting another. Hell the South Ming Regime was arguably fighting another more than the Qing at many points. It made sense to take out Li Zicheng first of course, he was an easier target since the Qing smashed his army, and there was the bonus of looking like they were avenging the regicide of Emperor Chongzhen. In the meantime the South Ming Regime was killing itself allowing the Qing to kick the door to the rotting structure and soon a bunch of South Ming self proclaimed Emperors were defeated one by one. Yet when they got to Emperor Yongli…well he kept fleeing. Then they diverted their attention to Zhang Xianzhong and took him out, probably for the betterment of humanity. Now so many remnants of Dashun, Daxi, other Ming loyalist military groups and other bandit armies were roaming around. Many warlords sprang up taking control over them. What would happen if someone began to win over all these free chess pieces so to say to their side of the war?  Now we are going to go back to Emperor Yongli's situation. As I had mentioned 2 episodes ago Qu Shishi had argued with Emperor Yongli that they needed to make a stand, and one would be made at Guilin. Qu Shisi said to the Emperor ““If you want to defend Yue, you should stay in Yue. If you abandon Yue, then Yue will be imperiled. If we take one step forward, then the people will take one step forward. But if we flee far away in a single day, the people will also flee far in a day. If we run, then we cannot defend [territory]. How can we attract people to our cause?”. Well Emperor Yongli fled regardless for the 4th or 5th time I lost count at this point, Qu Shishi stayed behind at Guilin. Qu Shisi understood the necessity not to abandon cities so easily so as to rally more forces to the cause. He had seen the previous South Ming Regimes collapse because they abandoned bases too swiftly, undermining their causes.   Qu Shisi was accompanied by Jiao Lian and they would defend Guilin from multiple Qing attacks in April and June of 1647. During the first assault Jiao had led the defense of the city facing greater numbers and having lesser firearms at his disposal. Despite the deficiency in firearms Jiao's forces defended Guilin using sword and bow to great effect. Several hundred Qinq archer cavalry charged Guilin and pelted the defenders with arrows, one of them striking Jiao, but he kept fighting and held the south gate against the invaders. This inspired his troops and soon they charged out the south gate against the Qing force, smashing many troops of the Red banner. The Qing had to flee, and Jiao's men chased them killing thousands.Eventually Jiao and his men went too far and were surrounded and outnumbered by the Qing who wheeled around on them. It is said Jiao screamed and struck the invaders with his spear, raining blood and flesh all over as he and his men hacked their way out of the encirclement. They fought for some miles, just a force of 300 men against thousands but managed to make it back to Guilin.    This minor victory prompted Qu and Jiao to stress the tactical and strategic importance of Guilin and Wuzhou, urging Emperor Yongli to return and to make Guilin a base of operations. Meanwhile Emperor Yongli was being escorted by Liu Chengyin, an ambitious career military man who was nicknamed “the Iron Club” who protected him in western Huguang. For 3 months no rations were delivered to Guilin and when the Qing learnt about its supply issues they attacked again, this time at the Wenchang gate. Jiao charged out against the enemy covered by some western cannons given to him by some catholic missionary friends. The cannons cut the Qing forces to ribbons, killing hundreds as Jiao charged out to fight them in the fields. The fighting went on for 2 days with the cannons never stopping and although the Qing regrouped to attack again they were smashed so much they had to make a retreat, being pursued yet again by Jiao's forces losing thousands of men. For this victory, Jiao was made military commissioner in chief of the left, military superintendent of Guangxi, and the Earl of Xining. Liu “Iron Club” Chengyin, it seems had been holding Emperor Yongli under house arrest at Wugang the entire time and this began to look really bad. In May of 1647, the Qing captured Baoqing and in a series of battles defeated Liu Chengyin. Emperor Yongli barely was able to escape, sometimes only being just a few miles ahead of Qing scouts. Emperor Yongli made his way through the Guni Pass to Liuzhou, but soon had to reroute to Xiangzhou. By this point locals were shooting arrows at his royal barge, not a good look at all. After the constant urging of Qu Shishi, Emperor Yongli finally decided to return to Guilin by the end of 1647.    The Qing found they were having a hard time pacifying southern and western Huguang province, it held rough terrain and a large number of enemies. Bandit groups were operating by both land and water in numbers ranging from hundreds to thousands. To make matters worse the bandits had multiple spies working within the Qing giving them warning of their movements, allowing them to hide into mountains and forests when needed. Han bannerman Luo Xiujin argued that despite their victories, the enemy would always escape their clutches via mountains. The Qing like their Ming counterparts, were having the exact same problems dealing with confrontations with wandering bandits, particularly in the rugged border country between provinces. Qing officials complained repeatedly of ambushes in mountain passes and heavy casualties. There were also reports that such ambush attacks were making common cause with the Ming loyalists, and this was certainly concerning. The Qing were realizing that the Ming could offer legitimation to bandit groups and use them to ware the Qing down.   In Autumn of 1647, after the Qing attacked Yongzhou, after 10 days of combat, the Ming suddenly charged out of the city and pushed the Qing to flee near Quanzhou where they managed to defeat Qing commander Geng Zhongming forcing him to flee for miles. This was considered the first military triumph for Emperor Yongli's regime.    By early 1648, the Qing seized Quanzhou and managed to defeat some Ming forces near Guilin who routed. The forces who had routed ended up fleeing to Guilin and they quickly set about looting the city before further fleeing. Qu Shishi remained stern as some of his fellow Ming commanders looted, burned and fled Guilin as the situation deteriorated. Guilin soon fell into a mutiny as the city was engulfed in flames. Qu refused to leave his post but  was wounded and had to leave the city by river. When the Qing prince Jirgalang heard of the problems in Guilin he seized the opportunity to assault the city. This prompted, I guess the 6th flight of Emperor Yongli at this point. Qu Shishi was urging the Emperor to stay as Jiao came rushing from Pringle to help, but Qing forces blocked his route to Guilin. Qu urged the emperor “Victory or defeat is still unsure. But if your plan is to run away, then how can this place not be in danger?” Yongli replied, “Surely my minister does not want to see the Altars of State and Grain perish?”.  Qu tried to gather forces and calm things down to defend Guilin as the enemy approached, while Jiao kept fighting to get to the city. Soon Jiao found himself surrounded and fought with his spear courageously, buying enough time for the Ming commander Hu Yiqing to show up from the east joining the fight with his cavalry. It is said, Hu Yiqing had his horses manes clipped in such a way that the Qing thought they were riding bulls and proclaimed “This bull- riding monster is not easy to stand up against!”. The cavalry of Hu managed to smash the Qing force, sending them fleeing for a few miles. Despite all of this, Emperor Jongli continued to flee all the way to Nanning, much to the outrage of Qu Shishi “How can you flee every time the wind blows two hundred li away? How can the people take heart if their leader is so tremulous?”. His words had no effect on the Emperor, in only 18 months Yongli had traveled over 1800 miles across 3 provinces, spending no more than 4 months in any given place. This led to waves of defections, and the court of Yongli began to discuss where would be the best place to set up a base of operation.    Despite the flights of Yongli, in 1648 the Ming had some major successes. Ma Jinzhong took back Changde, He Tengjiao took back Quanzhou and this drove many to the Ming cause, even Yongzhou was taken back after a 3 month siege. Riding the wave of victories, the Ming took Hengzhou and they also began to capture valuable supplies, horses and other war materials. This all forced Qu Shishi to yet again urge Emperor Yongli to go back to Guilin and this time make it his capital. Qu's reasoning was quite sound, Guilin was centrally located in a resource rich area along a river. It was easy to communicate with other sectors and coordinate offensive campaigns. But time and time again Emperor Yongli refused and this had a damaging effect on morale. Soon Ming commanders recaptured Xiangyang and Yichang and this led Emperor Yongli to feel secure enough to return to Zhaoqing, which he hoped to turn into a base of operation. At this point Yongli and many in his court thought that a Ming restoration was truly possible and they now sought to push north of the Yangzi and seize Nanjing and Kaifeng. Sun Kewang had opened up negotiations with their regime and it was expected that he could be relied upon. Qu Shishi for his part argued that now they could push east from Sichuan and north cutting Qing supply lines from Hugaung. Things would all take a dramatic turn for the worse however.   One of the Ming's commanders, Li Chixin who was a former commander under Li Zicheng had been continuously stating in public that Li Zicheng was the former emperor, making quite a bit of trouble. Li then requested permission to take Changsha and Yuezhou on his own. He managed to defeat the Qing commander Xu Yong and marched north to assault Changsha where Xu Yong had retreated. He killed thousands, captured boats, horses and other war materials and word spread of his great success. However the people of Changsha, did not see Li Chixin as their liberator, in fact they threw their lot in with Xu Yong to defend their city. Let us not forget, Li Chixin like many other former commanders of the Dashun or Daxi bandit armies had a reputation of course, who knows what populaces thought of him. Thus Li Chixins command boat when approaching the city was struck by a cannon ball and he lost over 1000 men. Xu Yong was hit by an arrow, but this did not stop him from rallying the defense of the city atop the walls. Li kept up the pressure with his siege ladders, artillery and sappers. But Xu Yong fired arrows, cannons down upon the enemy and led men into the tunnels to attack the Ming sappers costing Li Chixin some thousand men. Then Xu Yong sent secret attacks with boats on the Xiang river and they hit Li's flanks forcing him to retreat.   When Li Chixin was defeated at Changsha he was order to simply move on and relieve forces at Nanchang, but he ended he only went as far as Chaling and hunkered down. In the meantime the two Ming commanders, Du Yinxi and He Tengjiao were forming plans in Xiangtan. Du decided he would head east to rescue Jiangxi while He would try to go to Nanjing linking up with other Ming loyalists there. As part of their campaigns, Li Chixin was appointed vice minister of war and supreme commander of Shandong and Henan, while other commanders received supreme commands over other areas. But nothing came of these appointments as the Qing quickly advanced and hit He Tengjiao as he was departing from Xiangtan. He tried to find allies to help him out, but none could do anything, thus Prince Jirgalang was able to defeat He and took him as a hostage. Prince Jirgalang knew He Tengjiao had quite a lot of military capability and spent many days trying to get He to defect, but it was to no avail. Eventually Prince Jirgalang ordered his execution, or He committed suicide, no report is sure of his fate. When He Tengjiao was dead, many of his men fled to join Qu Shisi at Guilin. Another issue however was the countless “Loyal and True” who were under He Tengjiao's command, since his death they were now without any semblance of order. Bandits will be bandits and soon they were looting and pillaging everyone.    The Qing soon besieged Nanchang and took it in short time, thus dramatically collapsing the Ming control in Huguang. Many Ming commanders defected to the Qing and Emperor Yongli put Qu Shishi in charge of defending the Huguang-Jiangxi Guangdong corridor, but at this point the Qing held the Fujian coast and much of Huguang. By 1649, Li Chixin's troops began to scatter and plunder the area as the Qing pursued them. Eventually Li's forces plundered their way back north earning the moniker “white felt bandits” for the way they dressed. It was hoped by the Ming that they could still coerce Li Chixin and his white felt bandits to return back into the fold, but Li Chixin would die of illness in Guangxi in the late year. The white felt bandits soon scattered off and fell into pillaging under new commanders mostly in Huguang and Sichuan provinces.     As the Ming forces collapsed at Yongzhou in late 1649, Qu Shishi said in anguish “For 2 years I've tried to create a bulwark, and in a single morning everything has collapsed. How can it be believed that Heaven if for the Ming?”. With the death of He Tengjiao and the absolute collapse of the South Ming regime's position in Huguang, Emperor Yongli, you guessed it, fled Zhaoqing for Wuzhou in early 1650. Thus the South Ming regime was barely a thing in Huguang anymore. Now Qu Shisi began begging the emperor to stay in Zhaoqing stating “Yuedong has lots of rivers alongside mountains; [even] good cavalry cannot unite in the wilderness [to attack here]. Since the time [Li] Chengdong returned to allegiance, this has been the secure area. Its resources and tax base are abundant, ten times that of Yuexi, and both competent officials and troops north and south are connected, and we can strengthen ourselves from within and defend ourselves from outside enemies. Moreover, Zhaoqing is one thousand li from Shao[xing]. With stout crossbows mounted on the walls and entrenched brigades in defense, we can wait for royal rescue troops to come from the four [directions]. Wherever we can go, the bandits can go as well. Although the realm is vast, there is only one boundary. If we retreat an inch, we lose an inch; if we retreat a foot, we lose a foot. Now if the court hears of danger and climbs aboard a boat in the middle of the night, where can you go?”.   As you probably guessed, Yongli did not listen and continued his flight. Qing commander Kong Youde, remember that guy all the way back from the very first episodes? Well he sent Qu Shisi a letter, trying to get him to surrender. Kong Youde had been battling the Loyal and True throughout the southwest smashing many of their armies. Qu allegedly burned the letter and killed the messenger. Meanwhile back in Sichuan, Sun Kewang had begun his own program of state building and was beginning to ask the South Ming Regime to install him as a Ming Prince.    Following in his former master's gruesome footsteps, Sun looted Guizhou and severed hands, ears and noses of those who resisted, apparently only 30% of the populace was left alive. Sun set to work training his troops for months, made deals with local cities to establish economic relations all while simultaneously harassing local Ming armies. His forces eventually captured the provincial capital of Guiyang and its surrounding area and he soon began to set up a new entire new regime. But just as Sun was settling down he received word of an extraordinary opportunity unfolding in Yunnan. Thus he and his Da Xi commanders marched southwest entering Yunnan, entering a new dawn for them all.    The collapse of the Ming dynasty at Beijing and that of the Hongguang South Ming regime in Nanjing had led the people of Yunnan to revolt against their former Ming leaders. Yunnan was one of the very last places conquered by the Ming Dynasty in the late 14th century and it remained relatively the same it had been prior. It had a huge aboriginal population governed by chieftains in a system called the Tulsi system. Yunnan thus was always a bit of a quasi-feudal state controlled by the strongest chieftains. Once the Ming Dynasty fell, the chieftains began to fight another for dominance. The Chieftain family that had the largest influence historically because of their relationship with the Ming royal family was known as the Mu clan. The Mu clan was pretty oppressive to the people and even more so when the Ming collapsed. When Hongguang's regime fell, most in Yunnan began to view the Mu clan as being weak and many other clans began to attack them. One clan, the Wu clan to make this all sound more confusing, was rising to prominence at the time and challenged the Mu clan. The Wu had limited military power and the Mu quelled their challenge fairly easily. But the challenge simply encouraged more and more clans to rise up and a leader named Sha Dingzhou used the opportunity. Sha was a military officer for a chieftain who died and Sha managed to get a stronghold of the clan. While the Mu's and Wu's fought, Sha began a campaign that extended to the Vietnamese border. Then Sha tried a coup against the Mu after they quelled the Wu. Sha's force stormed the Mu palace and burnt it down, killing many in the capital of Yunnanfu. This began a war between Sha and the Mu clan for several months with Sha gaining control of the east of Yunnan. However Mu's forces and other chieftains were fighting a war of attrition and likely would win, thus Sha sought external help.    Sha Dingzhou sent a letter to Sun Kewang “inviting” him to come to the rescue of Yunnan in 1647. Unfortunately, this would be a very very big mistake. Sun Kewang claimed to be the brother in law to Mu Tianbo and declared he would avenge his sister's family. Sun Kewang showed up with 100,000 battled hardened veterans who saw a force of just a few thousand disorganized local units under Sha's command. Sun Kewang defeated Sha's army easily and piled corpses in the streets of the first city they took, immersing the city in 3 to 4 inches of blood so it is said.    Sun then took Quijing, a city he expected to simply open up the gates and submit to him as he had just massacred a previous city sending fear throughout the region. They chose to not submit and fired cannons upon the invaders. Soon Sun's men tossed up a cloud of ladders and swarming over the walls of Quijing like ants. Sun's men rounded up all those in the city and severed hands   Sun then ordered his fellow adopted brothers Liu Wenxiu to the west and Li Dingguo to the east to kill all those who would not submit. Sha Dingzhou tried to send armies to attack the invaders where he could, but every army was defeated with ease. Sha would proclaim to all his confidence with his army, but secretly he was pulling his hair out knowing soon Sun would take the province.  Sun eventually marched on Yannanfu and smashed the Sha army defending it, but rather than immediately occupying the city, Sun Kewang instead announced he was going to restore the Jiao clan, that being his sister's clan who was married to a Mu husband. By this point Liu Wenxiu and Li Dingguo had spread a ton of fear into the populace with their campaigns in the east. Despite Yannanfu having a tiny garrison within it, the city was simply falling apart because of low supplies as Sun Kewang's army simply surrounded it and waited. Thus after a few months the gates of Yunnanfu opened and Sun's forces entered the city. Soon Sun Kewang began to proclaim all those who fled the city should come back, or they would soon be killed as rebels. All the wives within Yunnanfu who lost husbands were given to Sun's men. Then he began to force the children to work cutting grass and collecting firewood. Girls of the age 10 and up were forced into drama troupes, some put into brothels. Boys 12 to 20 years of age were castrated. The adult men were killed and their bodies were tossed into the wilderness. Many former Ming officials were killed or they themselves committed suicide. To restore a semblance of order, Sun began practices employed by Zhang Xianzhong such as prohibited fires at night amongst many other rules which could earn a citizen of Yunnanfu a beating or execution depending on the rule. Yunnanfu was basically becoming a Chengdu 2.0, but perhaps not nearly as bad. Then Sun sent his armies to scour the countryside of the city killing many. It was estimated that perhaps half the population of Yunnanfu was dead. It was even alleged that coffin makers ran out of wood in Yunnanfu. Within a month, Sun's forces began to conscript laborers to cultivate enough food for the army to survive. Many homes around the city were razed to make for space for Sun's army training grounds any who resisted were killed. Sun eventually established order through fear, but realized that in Yunnan you required the support of the Tulsi system to truly control the province, so he soon began to establish relations with all the chieftains. Those who resisted of course were threatened.    Sun then began calling himself Ping Dong Wang “Prince who pacifies the East” which was met with animosity from his adoptive brothers. Sun began to place royal titles on everyone, but kept his position elevated from his adoptive brothers who were supposed to all be equal. The 3 other brothers all recognized Sun Kewang nominally as the leader, but had agreed they should all have equal rankings.  Li Dingguo began to argue they should all be equal as things were with Zhang Xianzhong, which angered Sun. Sun then publicly punished Li Dingguo, though Liu Wenxiu and Ai Nengqi would manage to get the punishment lightened. Regardless Li Dingguo was livid stating ““We are brothers. How dare you strike me? Since the death of our father we have been like hands and feet with no ruler among us, yet now we are to honor you as superior? If this is how things are going to be from now on, how can we live together in peace?”. It is alleged Sun went to Li in private and told him he had to do it publicly because if not there could be a mutiny. Sun then tried to make amends with Li, tasking him with hunting down and killing Sha Dingzhou who was on the run.   Sha had run to Lin'an and had held out against the forces of Liu Wenxiu for quite a few months. When Li Dingguo's force showed up the defenders of Lin'an showered them with gunfire, but Li being a veteran commander easily broke their walls in no time using gunpowder. Sha's forces were shocked by the speed and efficiency of Li's army as they quickly overwhelmed the city. The entire city was torched in a single day, it is said 78 thousand were massacred. Sha and his family managed to escape to a nearby town called Ami. After the massacre at Lin'an, Li Dingguo was noted to not again perform such horrible acts against civilians, it seems he was trying to build himself a reputation afterwards that he was not like Zhang Xianzhong or Sun Kewang. In early 1648, Li Dingguo surrounded the town of Ami, cutting off its water supply. After 20 days, the defenders with Sha Dingzhou ran out of water and Li began sapping Ami's walls. Li then invited Sha to a fake banquet making it seem they would allow Sha to defect and take up a grand position in the new regime. The effect led many of the defenders to defect who soon simply opened the gates to Li's men. Li was brought to Sha and his family and instead of the banquet he promised he had the entire household brought to Yunnanfu and flayed alive. Li's successes were extravagant, showing his extreme capability as a military leader. Unfortunately they also bolstered Li Dingguo as a great leader and Sun Kewang began to become quite jealous of this.    Once Sun Kewangs army had secured enough food to sustain themselves for a year, they began government building efforts. Taxes began, agricultural reform, mines were opened, weapons manufacturing, the works. The weather proved great during that year and the harvests did very well, mines produced salt, gold, silver, iron and copper and the faith in the government rose up. In fact Sun had done better than some of the former Ming officials had in the past and he soon began to mint coins, print paper notes and open new roads, which all helped reduce conflict in the province. Within a year Sun's government was gathering much praise and the people were quite content. Things were really looking good and Sun began to explore the idea of formally uniting with the Ming to resist the Qing. Sun had heard the reports about how well the Loyal and True bandits had done under the Ming regime and thought his regime might benefit from this relationship as well. This would help Sun and his inner circle gain legitimacy and at the time it looked like the Ming were doing well. However old dogs can't learn too many new tricks, and Sun's administration still held some Zhang like favorites, like harsh punishments such as decapitation, flaying and flogging. Though Sun disregarded the policy of rewarding soldiers for body counts, so there was that.   But Sun Kewang was not content, he continued to make it more apparent that his position was more and more elevated compared to his adoptive brothers. He began to erect an ancestral temple for Zhang Xianzhong and referred to him as Taizu and linking himself to Zhang. Then he asked Emperor Yongli to invest with the Ming title of prince of blood “qin wang”. Ai Nengqi was perplexed by this and said ““I can name myself prince. What's the point?” Li Dingguo also added, “We haven't conquered an inch of territory, so how can we accept enfeoffment from the court?”. Sun explained to them that only an investiture from the Ming court was legitimate and that after he was invested with the title they would all refer to him as “you highness”. As you can imagine this would also most certainly help Sun alleviate himself over another rising star, Li Dingguo who was highly popular as a field commander. Li was appointed with the major responsibility of training the troops and was noted to share hardships with the men and always led from the front gaining their respect. Li was what you call a soldier's soldier. Li Dingguo soon established 5 rules for his army; done kill people, dont commit arson, dont commit rape, dont steal livestock and dont take money from peasants. Given how soldiers usually acted in this time in history, the response of the populace was ecstasy.    In the summer of 1649, Sun dispatched his court official Yang Weizhi as his emissary to Yongli's court to ask for the investiture of Prince of Qin and offered to fight the Qing on their behalf. By this time Sun had relocated his operations in Guizhou as it was more centrally located, leaving Li Dingguo in Yunnan to train the military. For Emperor Yongli's court the request was quite disturbing, to make Sun a blood prince might put him in line for the throne. Many in the Ming court had no illusions about Sun Kewang, they thought he was trying to vie for the dragon throne himself.  The title of Prince of Qin was normally reserved for the royal family. The court was divided, Qu Shisi called for Sun's execution, many argued Sun was nothing more than a bandit. But they were in a terrible situation, suffering many military defeats at the hands of the Qing. Eventually the court consented to giving Sun the lesser  title of Duke of Jingguo. Yang Weizhi was terrified of relaying the response to Sun who might simply execute him for failing to get the title Sun wanted and made a stop at Wuzhou before returned to Guizhou. In Wuzhou Yang met with Du Yinxi who advised him to simply forge a document to make Sun think he received a better title than what he had been given. Thus with Du Yinxi's help they forged a document stating Sun was invested with the title of Prince of Pingaliao. Meanwhile another official in the Ming court forged another document stating Sun was being invested with the Prince of Qin title he had originally asked for. Turns out that official, named Chen Bangfu wanted to curry favor with Sun.  All of this was done without the awareness of Yonglis court of course.    Thus the first to arrive in Guizhou was the envoy with Chen Bangfu's forgery and Sun was absolutely delighted upon seeing it. Then Yang Weizhi showed up with his forgery of the Prince of Pingliao title, enraged Sun Kewang. Then yes as you might imagine, a real envoy from Yongli's court arrived and Sun found out the truth that he actually received the Duke of Ingguo title, really really pissing him off. To add insult to injury, his 3 other adoptive brothers were also given titles by that envoy of Yongli   In his rage, Sun  sent more emissaries to Yongli who offered him the title of Prince of Yi, but Sun refused this, demanding the title he originally requested. In the meantime Ai Nengqi died as a result of a poisoned crossbow bolt while he was pacifying a rebellious region. He had been ambushed in a forest and his army was significantly battered. He had managed to return to Yunnanfu, but the doctors there could do little to nothing to stop the poison. His army was handed over to Sun Kewangs command, significantly increasing his power. Thus the first of the adoptive children of Zhang Xianzhong was dead, and he would not be the last. Now all the way back in Sichuan the struggle raged on between the Ming loyalists and the Qing. The Qing had sent commander Li Guoying into Sichuan on a pacification campaign and as he entered the wasteland that once was Sichuan he said “For a thousand li there is no smoke [from cooking fires] and on account of the depredations of the bandit gangs, the value of rice is greater than that of pearls.”. His forces occupied Baoning in northern Sichuan where he was attacked multiple times by bandit armies such as the Kuidong bandits, Tan Hong and others. Li eventually rode out of Baoning and attacked the bandit armies fast and hard sending them fleeing into the countryside. Soon his army took Shunqing and he began to stock up supplies in preparation  for a gradual march south. In spring of 1647 he marched into Chengdu and lamented at the ghastly scene, he said to those around him“Chengdu has been down a hard road. Where are all the people?”. Bones were strewn everywhere, and there was no sign of life to be seen. He was given reports that the people of Chengdu had first fled to Yazhou and ate grass and wild plants until they starved so much they resorted to cannibalism. Li left Zheng Desheng as commander of Chengdu which must have been the worst appointment ever, but soon his troops starved, killed their commander and fled back north. Li got a report that 1330 of the 1390 men assigned to Zheng Desheng died of starvation or disease. Even Li himself was quite ill through 1647-1648 and he was hampered by bandit attacks and a very stretched supply line. Reports flooded in that every fortress was ridden with hundreds of sick and starving troops. All the garrisons the Qing commander would set up in Sichuan amounted to a few hundred starving men. The starvation did not allow him to perform a sufficient offensive, the situation became so dire most of the Qing forces had to withdraw from Sichuan with a meager force left occupying Baoning. It was not just the starvation and disease alone they had to worry about, anywhere the Qing set up shop, bandit armies emerged to harass them.    Later on in 1650, the pacification commissioner of Sichuan Zhang Chun made a report that gives quite a lot of insight. He began by describing Sichuan as a den of tigers and that of the Yao-Huang bandits. One could travel for a great distance without seeing any smoke from cooking fires. He estimated that 2-3% of the population in Sichuan was still alive. He laid blame upon the destruction caused by the Yao-Huang bandits, while leaving out that of the Qing's actions and goes on to talk about man-eating tigers found everywhere. People in Sichuan were  terrified to travel just because of tiger attacks. He claimed that in one distinct of a previous population of 506, 228 people were killed by tigers, 55 died of illness and 223 were left alive. He ended the report stating “Many people escaped the clutches of bandits only to end up in the mouths of tigers”. Wow I am just trying to imagine, surviving the horrors of Zhang Xianzhong, then the war between the Qing and Ming and now you got tigers everywhere eating people yikes.   Li Guoying immediately began demanding assistance, and Qing emperor Shunzhi began to promise supplies would be on their way from places like Shaanxi. But all supplies were quickly used up and Li still had little in terms of soldiers. Li kept arguing that as his enemies grew larger in Sichuan his forces grew smaller. The problem was the supplies and men quickly starved and got sick because there was no foundation within Sichuan to feed them. Basically it was like putting bandaids upon bandaids upon even more bandaids for a large wound that needed a doctor to fix it. Thus the situation forced Li to develop a new plan which was “tuantian” “to nourish the troops, soothe the people, and allow for both offensive and defensive warfare”. He sent Qing officials into the countryside to investigate and promote agricultural productivity. As for his army he sent them throughout the north and east of Sichuan, killing and capturing thousands of bandit armies, many part of the Yao-Huang bandits. But like always, bandits could run and hide in mountains, and thats just what they did.  It was estimated by Li that upto 100,000 Yao-Huang bandits could be in Sichuan.    By 1649, Li was promoted to minister of war and vice censor in chief of the right with jurisdiction over the armies of Sichuan. He had multiple victories, one was dislodging Liu Wenxiu from Chongqing where he killed many Daxi.  If you remember way back when, Emperor Yongli dispatched a distant family member named Zhu Rongfan to Sichuan in 1647. Zhu Rongfan began parading around as a Prince of Chu, though in reality he wasn't and amassed 100,000 followers forming a base in Kuizhou. His forces fought the Qing and scored quite a few victories, but in reality they were just a bunch of opportunistic bandits. Then Zhu Rongfan picked a fight with the Ming loyalist commander Yang Zhan who brought the Ming attention upon him. As you might have guessed, he was preparing to proclaim himself emperor as one does and South Ming officials began to investigate the situation. When pressed by them Zhu claimed to be acting on behalf of Emperor Yongli and that he was merely suppressing bandits. They also accused him of trying to claim himself as an heir apparent despite not being a prince of blood. Zhu then tried to make a getaway but was caught by other officials in 1649 who executed him.    Meanwhile the situation in Sichuan kept growing worse and worse. Just because the tyrant Zhang Xianzhong was dead did not mean his lasting effects on the province were gone. In the midst of the war between bandits, Qing and Ming, the common people were starving and dying. Rice was selling at unbelievably inflated rates. Dogs ate human flesh and lurked in city streets. Most cities were empty though because tigers and wolves were prowling them. It was reported that bandits were robbing graves and that people were resorting to cannibalism en masse. Many people fled to mountains away from the threat of other people or tigers. Lighting a fire became like a death sentence inviting anyone to attack you. Disgusting euphemisms began to be said because of all the cannibalism such as “poor man's broth / xia geng” “surplus lamb / yang rao” “scorched bones  / gu yang”. On top of the famine were the terrible diseases which there were many. “Big head plague” as it was called was when one's head erupted in red boils, it was associated with the chills, fever, swelling of the head and neck and was very contagious. There was a similar disease known as “frog fever” where the boils were more so on the shoulders and back. Then there was “horse eye” a sickness when one's eyes became big and yellow. It is also assumed the Qing brought smallpox with them and this invested the south.   By autumn of 1649 most of north and western Sichuan was pacified and a quarter of the province under nominal control of the Qing. In Southern Sichuan the South Ming loyalist Yang Zhan had held control for quite awhile, aided greatly by the hoard of treasure he salvaged from Zhang Xianzhong's naval catastrophe in 1646. He was capable of feeding his own troops and thousands of refugees who stormed over to him. Despite all his good fortune, he had to contest with warlords in Sichuan named Li Qiande, Wu Dading and Yuan Tao. The 3 warlords  invited Yang to a banquet, its always a banquet eh? And yup, they poisoned his wine, typical. After killing Yang they divided his treasure and troops and southern sichuan yet again fell into chaos.    As this all went down, word spread and Sun Kewang, similar to how he took the opportunity with Yunnan's turmoil came back to Sichuan when he heard the south was fractured.  Sun seeking to put further pressure on Emperor Yongli to invest him as a Prince of Qin, sent Liu Wenxiu and Bai Wenxuan with 200,000 to avenge Yang Zhan. Sun's forces made quick work of the warlords and bandit leaders in southern Sichuan taking several cities.Yuan and Wu were captured and sent back to Sun who mocked them saying he would enroll them as regular soldiers in his army. Wu actually did end up serving in Sun's military and for quite a long time. Yuan managed to escape and flee but was caught and killed by Liu Wenxiu. Li Qiande drowned himself when Liu Wenxiu caught up to him. Sun's forces killed countless warlords, bandit leaders and such. Now Sun's army even had elephant cavalry from Yunnan. Many simply submitted to Sun Kewang joining his forces and growing his power.   Meanwhile Li Guoying had initially profited heavily from the death of Yang Zhan, but saw with horror the force of Sun Kewang sweep through the province like a swarm. Li Guoying pleaded with Emperor Shunzhi for more troops to combat the warlord in the south and was promised a mix of Han and Manchu troops under the control of Wu Sangui. Yet even with the extra forces, now the Loyal and Trust, Kuidong bandits, Yao-Huang bandits and other groups were flocking to Sun Kewangs banner and the south of Sichuan was just a minefield of trouble.  Sun asserted his control from Guizhou and began building it up similar to what he did in Yunnan and in a short time the southwest of Sichuan became an armed camp designed specifically to resist the Qing.    Kong Youde was made prince in charge of rectifying the south in 1649 and alongside the Manchu prince Jirgalang both were dispatched and in 1650 they took Longhu, Wugang and Jingzhou. Through their efforts they took 50,000 surrendered Ming troops and many officers and moved to take Quanzhou and then entered Guangxi. Qu Shishi tried desperately to rally troops to defend Guilin, but all efforts were in vain and no significant numbers came. Qu refused to leave as all his colleagues urged him to do so. In november of 1650, Kong Youde's army surrounded Guilin. To help defend the city, Qu Shishi was aided by the Ming official Zhang Tonchang a who had served the Shaowu Emperor and aided in defeating Zhu Rongfan. He had a Fu Manchu style mustache, was loved and respected by his men for being fearless in battle. When Zhang arrived Qu said to him “I have been entrusted with staying to defend [Guilin]. So I should die here. Those without such responsibilities can flee. The frontier has already been lost. How can I think of easily fleeing?” Zhang replied that he was impressed and called Qu a true gentleman, requesting permission to die alongside him, saying, “If it's to be death, then we die together.”Qu was delighted, and the two shared wine. Qu gave his seals of office to another official to send to Yongli. So a sort of bromance if you were.   Kong Youde repeatedly offered Qu and Zhang the chance to defect, but both men refused. Kong then wined and dined them, trying to win them over but to no avail. Zhang spat back at Kong “You are no more than a dog or a sheep. You disgrace the former Sage, and you deserve to die for your crimes!” You're nothing more than the slave who used to carry a bedpan in Mao Wenlong's house! How dare you sully the name of the Sage.”. For this Zhangs feet were severed, but Kong still did not kill him. He kept insisting the Qing were better for all and gave stories of his 20 years as a soldier. Then Kong tried to have their own family members come and talk sense into them, but still it was to no avail.  Both men were eventually  imprisoned and wrote depressing and falistic poems during the captivity before being executed outside Windy Cave at the foot of the celestial crane peak in what is called today, Diecai Shan (folded Brocade hill) public park. Kong Youde allowed proper burials for the two and soon took up residence in the mansion of the former Ming Prince of Jingjiang. Now Guilin and nearby Pingle were in Qing hands. Kong Youde sought to secure Guangxi by 1651, but he was also itching to face Sun Kewang in the west.   In the wake of Qu and Zhang's deaths, Yongli fled to Nanning, hahahahaha this guy. With a more vulnerable Emperor Yongli now in Nanning, Sun Kewang saw an opportunity to establish greater control over him. Sun Kewang sent him welcoming parties, offering him military protection and boasted of how powerful and wonderful he was.    After annoying Yongli enough he was finally invested as the Prince of Qin, though he had already taken to calling himself “guozhu” “ruler of the realm” and had been making appointments on his own authority at Guiyang. Once a bandit, always a bandit as they say. He was absolutely delighted by the news and renamed Yunnanfu Kunming and Yunnan as Yunxing province. Then he dubbed his personal troops the “jiaqianjun” “royal vanguard”. Li Dingguo and Liu Wenxiu retained their old titles and sat at Sun's left and right side begrudgingly.  Yang Weizhi, the poor guy who had to bear bad news and was punished harshly for it managed to become grand secretary at Emperor Yongli's court and would subsequently try to impeach Sun. Sun responded by having his thugs bring Yang to Guiyang and upon his arrival screamed “Traitorous bandits like you will never be anything else.”. Sun had Yang beaten and dragged through the streets and was trampled to death by horses. His loss was felt heavy by many, particularly by Li Dingguo and Liu Wenxiu who had become close friends with him. They took his corpse and buried him with a ceremony. With Yang well out of the way, Sun began to construct an imperial palace in Guiyang and used imperial forms of address in his decrees and instructions. Any officials who resisted him were trampled to death by horses. Only Liu Wenxiu and Li Dingguo were exempt from calling Sun “guozhu”. He minted his own coins and constructed more ancestral temples, making further links to Zhang Xianzhong. Sun then declared his state the “Later Ming” regime. His ascension ceremony was attended by 100 officials on July 3rd 1651.   Meanwhile the Qing captured Pingle and Qingyuan as well as other towns along the Huguang-Guangxi border. Jiao Lian was captured by the Qing who tried to persuade him to join them, but he opted for suicide. Emperor Yongli feeling pressured, you guessed it, fled Nanning. This time he and his court debated whether they should flee to Fujian or Vietnam. Most wanted to go east arguing they should join up with Sun Kewang. But Emperor Yongli thought the coast was too distant and the travel too dangerous, for the time being they would camp at Xixing. But as the Qing took Nanning, Emperor Yongli fled again, almost being caught by the Qing who were within just a few miles of his entourage. This prompted Emperor Yongli to accept Sun Kewangs offer of protection. At the beginning of 1652, Sun ordered his subordinate Lt. Genge Sanpin with 3000 troops to escort Emperor Yongli to Anlong. By the time Emperor Yongli arrived his entourage was down to 2900 members. Sun figured the location was convenient for the court of Yongli as it lay in conjunction with Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangdong provinces. It was also close enough to Guiyang for Sun to keep an eye on the Emperor. Sun then set himself up as Yongl's military protector, but refused to personally greet Yongli on the principle that quote “2 dragons cannot see one another”. Thus Anlong became the ostensible Ming capital, but in reality it was just a safe place where Sun could keep the Emperor while he pursued his own objectives.   I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me.  So the great and horrifying father Zhang Xianzhong is dead, but his 4 adoptive sons quickly took over the family business and are causing mayhem. Sun Kewang emerged the largest brother and soon built himself an empire, matching that of  the fleeing Emperor Yongli. Now Kewang had Emperor Yongli basically under house arrest, or better said kidnapped, all was his for the taking, what stood in his way, but the might of the Qing dynasty?

This episode of Blúiríní Béaloidis was recorded in the beautiful surrounds of the Museum of Literature Ireland, in the historic UCD Newman House on St Stephen's Green in the heart of Dublin - and, I might add - for the first time, in front of a live studio audience. This was a great pleasure for me personally, so thanks to Ian, Benedict, Katie and Simon at MoLI for their kindness and hospitality in having us along. This aim of this podcast is to present listeners with the richness, artistry and depth of vision to be found in our folk traditions, and to this end, each episode to date has taken a singular fragment of that tradition as its primary focus; holy wells, sacred trees, rites of passage, calendar observances, the house, and so on. This format, while useful for our purposes, is necessarily somewhat artificial as an approach, for in our own lives, tradition rarely compartmentalises itself so neatly, instead manifesting as a tapestry of many threads, and a chorus of many voices which serve to keep to the past present. For this episode however, instead of focusing on one aspect of tradition, we for the first time dedicate our explorations to one individual; Mairéad ‘Peig' Sayers who, by her artistry and mastery as a storyteller in the oral tradition, skilfully managed to express the ‘wisdom of the many in the wit of the few', and yet whose printed autobiographies, as Irene Lucchitti notes in an article in Folklore and Modern Irish writing: ‘experienced a decline in reputation, suffering critical disdain and schoolyard ridicule in equal measure'. Now, nearly sixty-five years after her death, we hope to provide a platform through which her tales might find a new audience, one which, it is hoped, may find in her a source of inspiration and insight. It is a pleasure then, to announce that quite apart from this podcast, our friends and colleagues at MoLI, having worked in collaboration with ourselves at the NFC, will host a nine month exhibition on Peig Sayers called 'Thar Bealach Isteach' / 'Into the Island', on the Blasket Island storytelling tradition, and the context in which priceless fieldwork collections of oral literature held today in the archives of the National Folklore Collection at UCD, were recorded from that community by the Irish Folklore Commission. With me to explore Peig's stories for this episode, I am hugely honoured to have been joined by Dr. Pádraig Ó Héalaí and Dr. Éilís Ní Dhuibhne. Pádraig is a retired Senior Lecturer in Modern Irish at NUI, Galway. His area of specialisation is Irish folklore and he has published on many aspects of this topic, including religious tradition, Blasket heritage and beliefs and practices associated with the supernatural. He is a former editor of the journal Béaloideas and with Bo Almqvist, he edited with Peig Sayers: Labharfad le Cách / I Will Speak To You All and Níl Deireadh Ráite (both of which were recently republished by New Island). Recently, he edited An Blascaod Trí Fhuinneog na Scoile (2015), a young teacher's account of her experience of life on the Great Blasket when it was still home to a vibrant community. Éilís Ní Dhuibhne was born in Dublin. Author of more than thirty books, her works include The Dancers Dancing, The Shelter of Neighbours, Cailíní Beaga Ghleann na mBláth and Hurlamaboc, among others. Her most recent books are Twelve Thousand Days: A Memoir, Little Red and Other Stories (Blackstaff 2020), and Look! It's a Woman Writer; Irish Literary Feminisms 1970-2020 (ed.) (Arlen House, 2021) As well as being a writer, she is a folklore scholar and has written extensively on aspects of traditional narrative. She has been the recipient of many literary awards, most recently the Pen Award for an Outstanding Contribution to Irish Literature. In Autumn 2020 she held the Burns Scholarship at Boston College. She is a member of Aosdána, and President of the Folklore of Ireland Society.

In Autumn 2021, Reverend Liz Hull was appointed Priest in Charge of St Thomas's church in Finch Road, Douglas and was excited to see the plans already drawn up, to re-develop this most beautiful church to preserve its artistic and architectural qualities, whilst at the same time meeting the needs of the local community. On today's programme we meet Reverend Liz and hear the story of her journey from childhood in India, to ordination on the Isle of Man, and get a sneak preview of the ideas proposed for the re-ordering of St Thomas's church. Today is also the start of an open week at St Thomas's, where you're invited to pop in any time, share refreshments (or even lunch on Friday 8 July!) You can also view the plans and have your say - comments, ideas and suggestions are still welcome - nothing is set in stone! Ruth Rice - founder of Renew Wellbeing - pops in again, with a word to share from her alphabet of wellbeing - and this week, she's praising the power of a good laugh! And we have another packed notice board .... and great music too! News for the notice board is always welcome - email judithley!@manxradio.com

Today on the show: Galway footballers beat Armagh on penalties yesterday to advance to the All Ireland football semi-finals. Their quarter-final tie finished level at 2-21 to 3-18 after extra-time, with the Tribesmen winning the shootout 4-1. However the game was marred by a mass brawl at the end of normal time. As the players left the field, with footage appearing to show Damien Comer being eye-gouged by a member of the Armagh sideline. Former Galway player Barry Cullinane and former Galway manager John O' Mahoney joined Keith this morning. Macnas are starting a new spectacle music troupe land are on the hunt for participants. If you are a brass/wind musician who has an interest in improvisation, experimental sounds, performance, and play and is excited about being part of outdoor spectacular events then there's an invitation to come join their weekly workshops happening in September 2022. Noeline Kavanagh, Artistic Director of Macnas and Matthew Berrill, brass and wind musical wizard spoke to Keith this morning. In Autumn 2021, veteran Irish journalist and broadcaster Charlie Bird publicly announced that he has motor neuron disease. Despite this devastating diagnosis, Charlie decided to organise a charity climb of Ireland's famous Holy Mountain, Croagh Patrick. His initiative would turn into a national event and raised almost €3 million for the charities close to his heart: Pieta and the Irish Motor Neurone Disease Association. Now he has turned the experience of that day on Croagh Patrick into a book, Climb with Charlie Bird. Keith put some questions to Charlie this morning.

Robbert van de Corput is a Dutch DJ, producer, remixer, label boss, and filmmaker with a long-lasting legacy within the electronic music world. In Autumn 2018, after more than a decade of touring the world, the king of big room announced he would be taking a sabbatical from touring to spend more time with friends and family. On Monday, March 28, Hardwell officially announced his return with a world tour 'Rebels Never Die' and an eponymous album. The tour will be making a stop at the Holy Grounds in Boom this summer, where the legend will be performing on the Mainstage. It is high time for the king to ascend his throne once again.

In this episode of On The Back Bar Podcast, Chris talks to Tristan Stephenson the renowned bar operator and host of the Diageo Bar Academy podcast, Bar Chat.  Tristan Stephenson is an award winning bar operator, bartender, chef, some-time journalist, and bestselling author of the Curious Bartender series of drinks books. He was the co-founder of London-based Fluid Movement, who have operated a number of bars in the capital, and Curious Laboratories beverage consultancy— he's also quite handy with an espresso machine.  After co-founding Fluid Movement in 2009, Tristan went on to open Purl, his first bar, in 2010, and the Worship Street Whistling Shop in 2011 (Time Out London's ‘Best new bar 2011'). 2016 Fluid Movement launched Black Rock, a breakthrough whisky bar concept that has been awarded the UK's ‘Best Specialist Bar' by Class Magazine every year since its opening. Black Rock was joined by Black Rock Tavern, an izikaya inspired whisky tavern in 2019. In 2017 Tristan co-launched Whisky-Me, an innovative whisky subscription service that delivers a monthly 6cl pouches of single malt through members' letterboxes. In Autumn 2020 Whisky-me investment through the BBC's Dragon's Den. Tristan was named Imbibe Magazine's Innovator of the Year in 2019 and was awarded UK bartender of the year by CLASS Magazine in 2012, in the same year he was included in Evening Standard's top 1000 most influential Londoners. He has appeared on various TV shows in the UK, including Market Kitchen, Live with Gabby and Something For the Weekend. Tristan is an occasional contributor to TIME.com. Enjoy! Links  tristanstephenson@me.com    YouTube Channel  @tristanstephenson   www.thecuriousbartender.com @trail_and_error_uk https://www.diageobaracademy.com/  https://www.diageobaracademy.com/en_zz/bar-trends-tips/podcast/  ***** Join our community on Facebook! Beverage Network This podcast relies on our listeners to keep the show going! If you could support us by joining our Patreon it would really help this podcast grow. Patreon is a platform where you can support the podcast with a small monthly donation. This funding will help with all manner of things to equipment costs, editing and even getting some hard to reach people to sit down with me. Or you can just buy me a coffee to say thanks with the link below! :)  https://www.patreon.com/onthebackbar buymeacoffee.com/chrismenning                 ***** If you love our show would you please consider leaving us a review on iTunes or giving us 5 stars? It will really make a difference and help the podcast in the future. Head over to our website gastronomerlifestyle.com Contact me at christopher@gastronomerlifestyle.com

In this episode Autumn gets real about the attention female officers are going to get inside of the academy. In Autumn's in your face and blunt way she discusses boundaries that need to be set.  If you are enjoying this podcast- please leave us a review!! Grab your free training for female officers here  Don't forget to follow 1timemusic  Autumn is extremely active on Tik Tok find her at: @officerautumn Watch behind the scenes of Autumn's life on Instagram @officerautumn Autumn will be hosting LIVE Weekly Q&A on instagram and tik tok- follow to see date and time so you can ask your questions, LIVE!

Blake Hornsby continues with discussion of his most recent album and a truly unique influence   Click here for easy streaming or download - https://mcdn.podbean.com/mf/web/nivyiu/Ep_142_Blake_Hornsby_pt_27wwix.mp3  Click to listen on Apple Podcasts/iTunes    Stitcher   Pandora  Spotify   iHeart Radio  Google Podcasts  Amazon/Audible Listen and follow Blake Hornsby at these places https://blakehornsby.bandcamp.com/album/dogwood-dance https://www.facebook.com/faroutgroovybro https://www.instagram.com/hornsbyba   Find Sullivan Smith & Stray Lions here- Instagram: Sullivan Smith & Stray Lions (@thestraylions)  Facebook:  Sullivan Smith and Stray Lions | Facebook Spotify: Spotify – Sullivan Smith & Stray Lions Bandcamp: Music | Sullivan Smith & Stray Lions (bandcamp.com)   Subscribe to the podcast - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/wnc-original-music/id1378776313 https://www.iheart.com/podcast/wnc-original-music-31067964/ This link has all the other places to subscribe https://gopod.me/wncom   Follow on Social Media https://www.facebook.com/wncoriginalmusic https://www.wncoriginalmusic.com https://www.instagram.com/wnc_original_music/   All music used by permission   Blake Hornsby is a psychedelic folk musician born and raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee, currently based out of Boone, North Carolina. Hornsby's work is influenced by psychedelia, folk, eastern music, American primitivism, avant-garde, and sound healing. He recorded his first original music in the summer of 2015 on his laptop. This demo incorporated acoustic and electric guitars, banjo, synthesizers, vocals, and samples. In Autumn of 2016, Hornsby released his first album Solipsism & the Nectar of the Gods. This album included reworked versions of songs from his demo as well as new material. In 2018, Hornsby released Legend of the Unconscious Enigma as a follow up to his previous album. In contrast to his debut, he transitioned to a more organic sound without the use of synthesizers and electric guitar. He began experimenting with acoustic guitar in open tunings as well as more complex overdubs.  In the Spring of 2019, Hornsby went on a solo trip to northern India. He purchased a guitar in Delhi and began writing new material in the Himalayas. When he returned to the United States, he perfected these songs and composed the remainder of the material on what would become Teetering on the Edge of the Void.  Teetering On the Edge of the Void was Hornsby's first professional album. It was recorded in late 2019 to analog tape in a studio in Nashville, Tennessee. The result was a psychedelic world folk album tinged with heavy Indian influence and orchestrated segments. Released in June, 2020, this acclaimed album was his most ambitious to date. It became the final album in his conceptual trilogy and was self released on vinyl. Less than a year later, Hornsby released his first professional instrumental album. Dogwood Dance was recorded in Asheville, NC and exemplifies his advanced guitar style that has been compared to artists akin to John Fahey. The Australian record label Ramble Records funded its release on vinyl. Both of his most recent albums have gained attention worldwide and have been positively reviewed on blogs, as well as airplay.   Sullivan Smith & Stray Lions is a pop group or musical dance craze from Roanoke, VA.  Started in 2019 as a bedroom project, Sullivan soon found a revolving door of musicians to back with live gigs and some recording. In other words... "Just a songwriter and a makeshift band." 

Ciaran is joined on this episode of the 'In Lockdown With...' podcast by theatre director and literary associate of the Sherman Theatre, Alice Eklund. Alice studied Film and Television at Aberystwyth University before persuing a career in theatre. Alice's first job was assisting on Matthew Bulgo's 'The Awkward Years' at the Other Room Theatre. She has since worked extensively as a dramaturg, helping writers develop their work. In Autumn 2021 she became Literary Associate of the Sherman Theatre, and has been working with Literary Manager Branwen Davies to develop the work of new Welsh writers. In April, Alice will be directing 'Anthem' a new Welsh-language musical at the Wales Millennium Centre in Cardiff. 

Episode Overview Episode 84 is the last of 2021. In this show, Chris answers a number of listener questions. Baz and Chris review the year and discuss the latest cruise newsSupport The ShowListen, Like, Subscribe & Review on your favourite podcast directory.Share the podcast with someone you think will enjoy the showBuy Me A Coffee – This podcast is only possible thanks to our supporters, simply buying a coffee keeps us on air. It is just like shouting your mate a coffee, and we consider our listeners close mates. https://bit.ly/2T2FYGXSustainable Fashion – choose a TBCP design or design your own… all using organic cotton, green energy and zero plastic https://bit.ly/32G7RdhSupport Chris in his walk from Cape to Cape: All donations support zero2hero empowering young people to deal with mental health.  https://donate.mycause.com.au/cause/263123?donateToMember=156839Cruise NewsEnchanted Princess Officially Named in Original Production “Our World, Enchanted”Enchanted Princess, the 5th royal-class ship in the Princess Cruises fleet, was officially named today in a ceremony titled “Our World, Enchanted.”  Hosted by Princess Cruises Celebrations Ambassador Jill Whelan and Enchanted Princess Cruise Director Dan Falconer, the original production introduced viewers to the ship's innovative features of the MedallionClass ship and shared some of Princess' history as a cruise industry leader.The ceremony honoured three members of The Explorers Club – Captain Lynn Danaher, Dr. Vicki Ferrini and Jenifer Austin – who served as the godmothers of Enchanted Princess. The notable godmothers have been recognised for their achievements in expeditions, oceanography and mapping the world's oceans.The 145,000-tonne, 3,660-guest ship represents an evolution of the design platform used for her sister ships – Royal Princess (2013), Regal Princess (2014), Majestic Princess (2017) and Sky Princess (2019) – offering an elevation of spectacular style and elegance distinguished by Princess. The ship's inaugural cruise season began November 10, with various 10-day Southern Caribbean itineraries, sailing roundtrip from Fort Lauderdale.  The naming ceremony is available to watchhereCarnival Radiance Christened By Godmother Dr. Lucille O'NealIn a celebration of all things fun and family, Carnival Cruise Line christened its newest ship Carnival Radiance last night in a naming ceremony in Long Beach, Calif., with the ship's Godmother Dr. Lucille O'Neal and her son, Carnival Chief Fun Officer Shaquille O'Neal as featured guests of the event. Carnival Radiance underwent a $200 million bow-to-stern makeover and is Carnival's third ship sailing year-round from Long Beach, joining Carnival Panorama and Carnival Miracle.The heartfelt naming ceremony began with a “We Are Family” video of Carnival Radiance crew members preparing the ship for guests sailing four- and five-day Mexico voyagesIn addition to Big Chicken, new offerings added to Carnival Radiance include Guy's Pig & Anchor Bar-B-Que Smokehouse created by Food Network star and longtime partner Guy Fieri; Heroes Tribute Bar saluting those that serve in the Armed Forces; Cucina del Capitano family-style Italian restaurant; Bonsai Sushi; and the Caribbean-inspired RedFrog Pub. All of the ship's public spaces have been transformed as well – including the water park, youth facilities, retail shops, Cloud 9 Spa and a new Liquid Lounge home to Carnival's award-winning Playlist Productions shows. The exterior of the ship has also been adorned with the line's new red, white and blue hull livery fashioned after its flagship, Mardi Gras.Royal Caribbean Reveals Four World-Class Ships Head to Alaska in 2023Following a successful return to service in Alaska earlier this year, Royal Caribbean announces that they'll return in 2023 for their second consecutive year with four ships in the region.Three bold, returning favourites, Ovation, Quantum and Radiance of the Seas, will be joined by Enchantment of the Seas to offer families and all travellers a variety of ways to experience the Last Frontier and its majestic glaciers, breathtaking wildlife and charming towns.From Mendenhall Glacier to the Inside Passage, to onboard memory-making thanks to unique experiences such as simulated skydiving on RipCord by iFly and taking in awe-inspiring views through acres of glass, vacationers have in-store cool thrills from one day to the next.Ovation and Quantum of the Seas – Cruising from: SeattleOn Ovation's cruises, departing on Fridays, travellers can discover the best of Alaska from one charming town to the next. Extended stays also offer adventure seekers more time to explore in Skagway, Alaska, where one can retrace the steps of the historic Klondike Gold Rush and visit a restored 19th-century railroad depot; and state capital Juneau, Alaska, which offers dogsledding across Mendenhall Glacier and explorations of centuries-old mining trails. Plus, vacationers can head to the road less travelled at Ward Cove near Ketchikan where they can take in the unspoiled scenery along the Tongass Narrows and the wildlife that calls it home, like sea lions, bald eagles, and porpoises.Departing on Mondays, Quantum's stunning itineraries will bring travellers up close to the massive Dawes Glacier after sailing through the impressive Endicott Arm, alongside visits to four coastal communities, including Ketchikan, Alaska, and Victoria, British Columbia. When heading ashore, travellers can look forward to immersing themselves in the local culture while at destinations like Sitka and Icy Strait Point, Alaska, home to the rich history of the Tlingit and activities ranging from kayak island-hopping to whale watching and fishing.Radiance and Enchantment of the Seas – Cruising from: Seward and VancouverRadiance will, once again, sail alternating southbound and northbound itineraries that depart from Seward and Vancouver. Travellers will have the opportunity to discover the region's magnificent landscapes firsthand when visiting Icy Strait Point, Sitka and Skagway, and as they sail the Inside Passage and by Hubbard Glacier.Enchantment makes its way to the Pacific coast for its debut Alaska season, sailing roundtrip from Vancouver. Vacationers have in store more glaciers than one, Hubbard Glacier and Tracy Arm fjord, and inspiring destinations like Haines, Ketchikan – the gateway to the wild landscapes and seascapes – Skagway and Juneau.Renascent Swan Hellenic's SH Minerva sets sail for Antarctica The new ship is on her way to Ushuaia ready for a New Year maiden Antarctic cruise departing 29th December.Wednesday the 8th of December 2021, Swan Hellenic announced that its new ship SH Minerva had left Helsinki for Argentina and her first cultural expedition cruise of the Antarctic, a 10-day New Year celebration of discovery departing Ushuaia on the 29th of December 2021.SH Minerva was delivered on the 3rd of December following her christening on the 23rd of November and 3 days of highly successful sea trials in which the next-generation polar expedition vessel performed beyond expectations in all respects, from manoeuvrability and stability to top speed and emissions. The elegant new purpose-designed ship sailed through the Kiel Canal on the 6th of December. She is the first in a series of three stunning high ice class cultural expedition cruise vessels made for premium cruise experiences worldwide, with a strong bias for extreme latitude areas. SH Minerva features a 5-megawatt diesel-electric propulsion system with selective catalytic reduction and a PC5 ice-strengthened hull with extra-large stabilisers for exceptional passenger comfort. At 113 m, the 10,500-ton vessel has been specially designed to explore the most inspiring and inaccessible places on the planet.The vessels have been designed to meet the latest environmental regulations. SH Minerva is completely self-sufficient for up to 40 days or 8,000 nautical miles. Preparations have been made to implement battery technology which would also make it possible to operate silently. The vessels are equipped with exhaust gas cleaning, advanced wastewater treatment systems and the waste storage facilities required for operating in sensitive polar areas.Providing spacious 5-star accommodation for 152 guests in 76 spacious cabins and suites, the vast majority with large balconies, SH Minerva is operated by an onboard team of 120 to provide the highest levels of personal service.Plancius first back to the FalklandsWhen Oceanwide Expeditions vessel Plancius ports in Stanley this Friday, she will be the first cruise ship to visit the Falklands since the islands reopened its ports to tourism.Plancius will dock in Stanley on December 10th with its full occupancy of 108 passengers, after which guests will be free to explore the town and nearby areas before continuing on their voyage.This is a happy event long anticipated by all parties, though strict COVID-19 measures will remain intact both in the Falklands and on Plancius. All Oceanwide staff and passengers were vaccinated and required to take several tests both before and during their cruise, which will be 17 days into its 19-night total by the time Plancius reaches Stanley.Plancius also underwent extensive upgrades prior to the voyage: Pathogen-killing UV filtration for HVAC systems, fever-detecting thermal cameras for common areas, and dedicated quarantine cabins with independent air vents are just some of the many safety measures Oceanwide has taken.Stanley businesses have likewise developed additional protocols. These include but are not limited to enhanced cleaning routines, contactless payment, and self-declaration forms, efforts that have earned the islands the approval of the World Travel & Tourism Council.Margaritaville Sets Sail with Margaritaville at SeaMargaritaville announces Margaritaville at Sea, an offshore resort experience. The first cruise ship, Margaritaville Paradise, will offer the fun, escapism, and state of mind synonymous with the global lifestyle brand.Departing on her first passenger sailing on April 30 from the Port of Palm Beach Florida to Grand Bahama Island, Margaritaville Paradise will include 10 passenger decks and 658 cabins in various stateroom categories. Following a multi-million investment and refurbishment, the ship's cabins and common spaces will feature Margaritaville's signature casual-luxe design with subtle nautical details and colours influenced by the surrounding sea, sand, and sky.Margaritaville Paradise, formerly Bahamas Paradise Cruise Line's flagship vessel, Grand Classica, will feature gourmet food and beverage options, including JWB Prime Steak & Seafood, Frank and Lola's Pizzeria, Port of Indecision Buffet, LandShark Sports Bar, and Margaritaville Coffee & Pastry Shop as well as the Euphoria Lounge, Sunset Bar, and 5 o'Clock Somewhere Bar. Additionally, the ship will offer onboard leisure activities and entertainment, including the Par-A-Dice Casino, a Stars on the Water Theatre, St. Somewhere Spa, Fins Up! Fitness Centre, pools, a retail shop, and more. The ship was built at Fincantieri's Marghera shipyard and entered service as a pioneer ship. She has opened many new markets and frontiers during her lifetime, so it is fitting that Margaritaville Paradise will again be a pioneer for Margaritaville at Sea.Crystal Cruises Launches First-Ever Zero Single Supplement; Promotion Offered on 15 Crystal Symphony Caribbean and Mediterranean Sailings in 2022Crystal is offering additional holiday cheer to solo travellers with its new Zero Single Supplement promotion, which is available for the first time on its ocean vessels applicable with 15 Crystal Symphony voyages to the Caribbean and Mediterranean in 2022. The Zero Single Supplement allows solo guests to enjoy all of Crystal Symphony's luxury six-star amenities at double occupancy rates without the supplemental fee typically charged to solo travellers.The Zero Single Supplement promotion is offered on the following Crystal Symphony sailings departing from six convenient homeports in North America and Europe:Caribbean: 7-night voyages from Miami and San Juan, (January through March 2022) – These tropical adventures travel deep into the into the Caribbean where pristine beaches rub shoulders with verdant hills while vibrant coral reefs invite exploration of an underwater world of spectacular beauty. Whether it's enjoying a champagne sailaway, exploring historic landmarks or biking through the lush countryside, these adventures are the perfect winter-time getaway.Mediterranean: 7-, 8- and 10-night voyages from Lisbon, Venice, London and Monte Carlo (April, June and August 2022) – Departing from some of Europe's iconic world-class cities that are destinations unto themselves, these immersive voyages take guests on a journey of discovery as they marvel at centuries-old architecture, including ancient ruins, savor locally produced wines and authentic cuisine, view famous artwork, and hike through rugged terrain dotted with cliffs and pine forests. Specific dates included in the promotion are available at crystalcruises.com. Guests must book by January 5, 2022 to take advantage of these special solo fares, with special reduced deposits of $100 on select sailings.Altitude on Arvia – sky high activities on Britain's newest cruise shipA high ropes experience, tropical themed mini-golf and water splash zone will all form part of a new top deck Altitude experience on Arvia, P&O Cruises newest ship to be launched in December 2022.Britain's most environmentally-friendly ship, powered by LNG, has been designed as the “sunshine ship” and will include a number of “adventure firsts” set high up on the top deck.Altitude Minigolf will include water hazards, tiki huts, “hippos” and night-time illuminations and the nine-hole course will be open throughout the day and evening.Altitude Splash Valley will be a cooling aquazone for all the family with water jets, shaded areas and ocean views.Altitude Skywalk is set 54 metres above the ocean and is the company's first ever high ropes experience with varying courses to suit all abilities.Sports Arena – an outdoor sports court for football, basketball, short tennis or cricket.P&O Cruises' second LNG-powered Excel class ship and sister ship to Iona is named Arvia, meaning from the seashore, and will join the fleet in December 2022. Arvia is the latest evolution in the P&O Cruises experience, embodying the newest trends in travel, dining and entertainment, and will be the epitome of a sunshine resort sailing year-round to the warmest climates.The 185,000 tons ship, 345m in length, with 16 guest decks will feature Altitude Skywalk a unique high ropes experience, a swim-up bar and stunning infinity pool, a new restaurant Green & Co featuring Mizuhana serving a plant and fish-led menu, Ocean Studios cinema, 1,300sqm of shopping and the Oasis Spa and Health Club.MSC entire fleet back at sea in 2022 MSC Cruises has confirmed that the Company's entire fleet of 19 ships will be sailing during the northern hemisphere summer 2022 offering an outstanding choice of cruises.With almost 500 departures to choose from, different length cruises, an incredible choice of convenient embarkation ports and a modern fleet of ships offering an unparalleled experience on board, there really is something for everyone. Enjoy round-the-clock onboard activities; award-winning entertainment; immersive kids and family programmes; refined, international dining; luxurious spas all whilst staying in stylish and comfortable accommodation. There's an itinerary and ship to suit every type of holidaymaker, from short cruises in the Mediterranean, longer scenic cruises in Northern Europe through to beach cruises in the Caribbean – guests can book their dream holiday now.Northern Europe highlights for summer 2022 include:MSC Virtuosa offers itineraries between from Southampton (UK) 7 to 14 nights to the Norwegian Fjords, St Petersburg (Russia) via Sweden and Denmark and longer cruises to the Canary Islands (Spain),the Mediterranean, and Norway's North Cape plus some mini-cruises of 3-4 nights.MSC Grandiosa, embarking in Kiel (Germany) will offer seven-night itineraries with highlights including a combination of itineraries taking in destinations including Copenhagen (Denmark), Helsinki (Finland), St Petersburg (Russia), Tallinn (Estonia) and Flaam (Norway).MSC Preziosa, embarking in Kiel (Germany) will offer itineraries between seven and 11 nights, with highlights including two alternative itineraries to the Norwegian Fjords or to St Petersburg (Russia) via Tallinn (Estonia), Helsinki (Finland) and Stockholm (Sweden).MSC Poesia, embarking in Warnemunde/Berlin (Germany) will offer itineraries between seven and 14 nights  including 11-night sailings visiting nine countries (an overnight in Russia, Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Finland, Estonia, Sweden, Denmark), and longer cruises to St Petersburg (Russia) via Tallinn (Estonia), Stockholm (Sweden) and Copenhagen (Denmark) and an epic 21 night cruise that includes calls to a number of destinations in Iceland and Greenland.MSC Magnifica, embarking in Hamburg (Germany) will offer itineraries between ten and 14 nights to Norway or Iceland. The Norway cruise includes call to Alesund, Honningsvag/North Cape, Tromso, Trondheim, , Bergen and Kristiansand Iceland cruises includes calls to Reykjavik (overnight), Isafjordur and Akureyri) and Orkney Islands and Invergordon (Scotland, United Kingdom). Whilst Spitsburgen cruises include, Kristiansand, Andalsnes, Narvik ,Longyearbyen, Honningsvag and Nordfjordeid.Western Mediterranean highlights for summer 2022 include:MSC Meravigliawill homeport in Barcelona, calling the perfect itinerary for any sun-seeker: Cannes (France), Genoa, La Spezia and Civitavecchia (Italy), plus Palma de Mallorca (Spain).MSC Opera will homeport from Genoa, and visit Palermo, other destinations include calls at Marseille (France), Barcelona (Spain), and the newly reinstated embarkation port of La Goulette (Tunisia) and Naples (Italy).MSC Splendida will offer cruises fromGenoa (Italy) to Marseille (France), one of Sicily's most sought-after destination Siracusa, Taranto and its awe-aspiring beaches, plus returning to Civitavecchia (Italy)MSC Seaview will offer yet the best part of Western Mediterranean, from Genoa (Italy), she will visit the historical ports of Naples and Messina (Italy), Valletta (Malta), Barcelona (Spain) and Marseille (France).MSC Seaside: departing from Genoa, she will offer itineraries to Civitavecchia and, Palermo (Italy) and Ibiza and Valencia (Spain) and Marseille (France).MSC Orchestra: the ship will perform cruises of 4-5 nights in Spring and from June will commence the new 10-night cruises callingGenoa (Italy) to Marseille/Provence (France), Malaga, Cadiz/Seville, Lisbon (Portugal) Alicante/Costa Blanca and Mahon/Menorca (Spain), and Olbia (Italy).In Autumn, MSC Magnifcia will offer cruises 11-night cruises to Canary islands, Morroco and Madeira, whilst MSC Poesia offer 3-, 4- and 5-night cruises rounding our the season in the West Mediterranean.     Eastern Mediterranean highlights for summer 2022 include:With Trieste (Italy) as homeport, MSC Fantasia will offer calls to Ancona (Italy), Kotor (Montenegro), Bari (Italy), Corfu (Greece) and the picturesque city of Dubrovnik (Croatia). From September the ship will perform 11-night cruises that include Pireaus/Athens (Greece), Izmir/Ephesus and an overnight in Istanbul (Turkey)MSC Musica will depart from Monfalcone (Italy),Katakolon/Olympia, Heraklion, Santorini (Greece) Bari (ItalyMSC Sinfoniaand MSC Armonia will both homeport from the heart of the Mediterranean, the Italian port of Venice from Marghera. Other exciting ports on MSC Sinfonia's itinerary include Kotor (Montenegro), the infamous Greek islands of Mykonos and Santorini (Greece) and Bari (Italy).MSC Armonia is putting a focus on gorgeous views with calls to Brindisi (Italy), Greek island of Mykonos and Greek mainland destination of Piraeus for Athens as well as Split and Zadar (Croatia).A variety of spectacular destinations await guests aboardMSC Lirica departing from Piraeus/Athens (Greece), calling at Kusadasi (Turkey), Haifa (Israel), the islands of Limassol (Cyprus), plus Rhodes and Santorini (Greece) plus 11-nights add in itinerary.Caribbean highlights for summer 2022 include:MSC Seashore, embarking in Miami (USA) will offer alternating seven-night itineraries to the west and east Caribbean to destinations including Nassua (The Bahamas), Puerto Plata (Dominican Republic), Ocho Rios (Jamaica), George Town (Cayman Islands), Cozumel (Mexico) with each cruise calling at Ocean Cay MSC Marine Reserve, MSC Cruises' own private island in The Bahamas.MSC Divina, embarking in Port Canaveral/Orlando (USA), will offer cruises between three and seven nights to the Caribbean with destinations including Costa Maya and Cozumel (Mexico), Nassau (The Bahamas) with each cruise calling at Ocean Cay MSC Marine ReserveFar East highlights for summer 2022 include:MSC Bellissimawill sail a range of departures from China and JapanMSC celebrates two newbuild milestones of construction The Cruise Division of MSC Group and Chantiers de l'Atlantique has celebrated two significant newbuild milestones for the construction of the line's next generation of environmentally advanced vessels. MSC World Europa and MSC Euribia will become the first LNG-powered vessels to join the MSC Cruises fleet next year representing an investment of €3 billion in Liquified Natutal Gas (LNG) ships with the construction on World Europa II due to commence in early 2023.These ships play an important role in the Company's commitment to achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. LNG is by far the cleanest marine fuel currently available at scale and it virtually eliminates local air pollutant emissions like sulphur oxides (99%), nitrogen oxides (85%) and particles (98%). In terms of emissions with a global impact, LNG plays a key role in climate change mitigation and the engines of these two ships have the potential to reduce CO2 emissions by up to 25% compared to standard fuels. In addition, with the subsequent availability of Bio and Synthetic forms of LNG, this energy source will provide a pathway toward eventual decarbonized operations.It was also revealed that MSC Cruises and the Chantiers de l'Atlantique confirmed the installation of a fuel cell pilot plant on board MSC World Europa known as Blue Horizon. The technology will use LNG to convert fuel into electricity at one of the highest efficiencies of any power solution available today, producing electricity and heat on board. The fuel cell technology selected by Chantiers de l'Atlantique (CdA) and MSC Cruises is the SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) developed by Bloom Energy. The SOFC will reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by about a further 30 percent compared with a conventional LNG engine without producing emissions of nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides or fine particles.  It also offers the advantage of being compatible with LNG, as well as several low carbon fuels such as types of methanol, ammonia and hydrogen. This project will form the building block for future larger installations and the beginning of an even closer collaboration between MSC Cruises and Chantier de L'Atlantique on R&D of fuel cell technology.The traditional coin ceremony tradition took place as the keel was laid for MSC Cruises' second LNG-powered ship, MSC Euribia, which will be one of the most environmentally high performing contemporary vessels built in France. Anne Claire Juventin Responsible for Quality Control from the Chantiers de l'Atlantique, and Valentina Mancini, Brand Manager from MSC Cruises performed the traditional maritime ritual as godmothers representing the ship owner and the shipbuilder when they placed two coins under the keel as the historical sign of blessing and good fortune for the project, and the ship's operational life at sea.The float out of MSC World Europa, which will be the first LNG-powered vessel to join the MSC Cruises fleet took place at the shipyard in Saint-Nazaire where she will now be moved to a wet dock for work to continue on the ship until her delivery in November 2022.NCL Homeports in Panama City Norwegian Cruise Line, will become the first cruise line to homeport in Panama City, Panama, offering roundtrip Panama Canal voyages beginning 20 March 2022 with Norwegian Jewel.NCLK (Parent company of NCL) signed a multi-year agreement with the Panama Tourism Authority which allows the Company to seasonally homeport at the Colon Cruise Terminal as well as at Fuerte Amador Cruise Terminal located on the Pacific Ocean side of the country and adjacent to Panama City.In 2022 and 2023 the Company will offer 12 homeport voyages starting with Norwegian Jewel on 20 March 2022 where she will sail a nine-day itinerary traversing the Panama Canal and visiting incredible destinations including Puerto Limon, Costa Rica; Oranjestad, Aruba; Willemstad, Curaçao; Kralendijk, Bonaire and Cartagena, Colombia before arriving to the Caribbean side of Panama in the city of Colon.Starting 14 January 2023, Norwegian Gem will also feature select Panama Canal voyages including an 11-day journey visiting seven ports of call, including Puerto Limon, Costa Rica; Oranjestad, Aruba; Willemstad, Curaçao; Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic and Grand Turk, Turks & Caicos Islands before ending in New York City. On 6 December 2023, Norwegian Joy will offer a 10-day voyage sailing from Panama City (Fuerte Amador), Panama and visiting notable destinations including Puerto Limon, Costa Rica; George Town, Grand Cayman; Roatán, Bay Islands; Harvest Caye, NCL's private resort destination in Belize; Cozumel, Mexico and Great Stirrup Cay, the company's private island in the Bahamas before ending her journey in MiamiSeabourn announces Northeast & Northwest Passages in 2023 Seabourn, the ultra-luxury ocean and expedition cruise line, has announced an exciting line-up of adventurous voyages for the summer of 2023 on its two new purpose-built expedition ships, Seabourn Venture and Seabourn Pursuit. The program includes the line's first-ever voyages to the Northeast and Northwest Passages in the Arctic, where guests will discover two of the world's most remote and fascinating regions filled with an abundance of history, wildlife, and unique landscapes.Seabourn Venture will depart July 29, 2023, for a 26-day journey across the Northeast Passage from Tromsø, Norway to Nome, Alaska. Its sister ship, Seabourn Pursuit, which is scheduled to launch in March 2023, will offer a 21-day adventure to the infamous Northwest Passage departing August 27, 2023, from Kangerlussuaq, Greenland to Nome. The expedition ships will be designed and built for diverse environments to PC6 Polar Class standards, with advanced technology to maneuver in these regions. These voyages, as well as the entire summer 2023 season, are open for sale on December 15Virgin Voyages: A Gin-uine romanceRichard Branson and Ryan Reynolds are back at it, but this time they're taking their partnership from the air to the high seas. We've joined forces with Aviation Gin so Sailors can sip, sun, and sea thanks to the most charming duo around. And when they pre-purchase a Bar Tab, they'll be able to choose from a selection of deliciously curated Aviation Gin-based cocktails on board — from The Double Agent at SIP to Razzle Dazzle's Electric FizzLe Ponant's transformationLe Ponant, PONANT's iconic three-masted sailboat, is undergoing a transformation to offer guests an exclusive travel experience. Entirely refurbished with a sophisticated new design by Jean-Philippe Nuel studioBookings for summer 2022 departures now openFrom June 2022, this legendary sailing ship will set sail again, offering tailor-made itineraries off the beaten track in Greece and Croatia. Sales are now open for 20 departures and 3 new itineraries.On the programme, exclusive ports of call, sublime and wild landscapes, and a series of immersive activities including glass-bottomed kayaking, snorkelling, stand up paddleboarding, cycling and hiking, all in tune with nature.“Croatia, under the sails of Le Ponant”Pomalo – a word that means ‘living outside of time' in Croatian – sets the tone for this sailing which will reveal the riches and wonders of the Dalmatian coast, Croatia and Montenegro. Le Ponant will sail from Dubrovnik to the magnificent Bay of Kotor, before dropping anchor near Mljet, an island renowned for its national park, Korcula, Komiza and the island of Vis, Stari Grad on the island of Hvar, the delightful Pučišća, and finally the Elaphite archipelago.Dubrovnik, Croatia – Dubrovnik, Croatia – 8 days, 7 nights – 12 sailings from June to August 2022“Island hopping from Dubrovnik to Athens”On this unique cruise, Le Ponant will sail to the Peloponnese, to the island of Paxos, the port of Fiskardo on the island of Kefalonia, very close to Ithaca, the fortified peninsula of Monemvasia, the island of Kythnos and its scrubland landscapes, and finally Lavrio, a peaceful marina near Athens. Magnificent landscapes, full of emotion and history, between the Ionian and Aegean Seas.Dubrovnik, Croatia – Lavrio, Greece – 7 days, 6 nights – From 28 August to 3 September 2022“The Cyclades, in the wake of Le Ponant”This sailing is an invitation to rediscover the wonders of the Greek archipelago, its islands of white rock, their picturesque white houses and the turquoise waters of the Aegean Sea. From the port of Lavrio, a short distance from Athens, Le Ponant will set sail for the Cyclades and the Saronic Islands with exclusive ports of call in Tinos, Polyaigos, Folegandros, Monemvasia, Kythnos, and finally Spetses.Lavrio, Greece – Lavrio, Greece – 8 days, 7 nights – 7 sailings from September to October 2022And MoreJoin the show:If you have a cruise tip, burning question or want to record a cruise review get in touch with us via the website https://thebigcruisepodcast.com/join-the-show/  Guests: Chris Frame: https://bit.ly/3a4aBCg    Chris's Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/c/ChrisFrameOfficialPeter Kollar: https://www.cruising.org.au/Home  Listen & Subscribe: Amazon Podcasts: https://amzn.to/3w40cDcApple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2XvD7tF  Audible: https://adbl.co/3nDvuNgCastbox: https://bit.ly/2xkGBEI  Google Podcasts: https://bit.ly/2RuY04u  I heart Radio:  https://ihr.fm/3mVIEUASpotify: https://spoti.fi/3caCwl8  Stitcher: https://bit.ly/2JWE8Tz  Pocket casts: https://bit.ly/2JY4J2M  Tune in: https://bit.ly/2V0Jrrs  Podcast Addict: https://bit.ly/2BF6LnE Hosted on Acast. 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In Autumn of 1621, a group of Pilgrims from the Mayflower voyage and Wampanoag men, led by their sachem Massasoit, ate a feast together. The existence of that meal, which held little importance to either the Pilgrims or the Wampanoag, is the basis of the Thanksgiving myth. The myth, re-told in school Thanksgiving pageants and TV shows, is not accurate and is harmful to Native people, especially to the Wampanoag.  In 1970, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts planned a banquet to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the landing of the Pilgrims. They asked an Aquinnah Wampanoag man, Frank James, also known as Wamsutta, to speak at the banquet. However, when they learned what he was planning to say, the true history, they forbade his speech. Frank James would not give a speech that they rewrote, and instead he planned the first National Day of Mourning on Cole's Hill in Plymouth. Fifty one years later the United American Indians of New England still meet at noon on Cole's Hill on the US Thanksgiving Holiday to remember the genocide of Native people and the theft of Native lands and erasure of Native culture. Joining me to help us learn more about the Wampanoag and the dangers of the Thanksgiving myth is Kisha James, enrolled Aquinnah Wampanoag, one of the organizers of the National Day of Mourning, and granddaughter of Frank James. Our theme song is Frogs Legs Rag, composed by James Scott and performed by Kevin MacLeod, licensed under Creative Commons. The episode image is “Massasoit and His Warriors,” 1857. Photograph in the LIbrary of Congress. Buy Indigenous: Kisha's thread of Indigenous businesses Information about the The Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 Suggested Organization for Donations: North American Indian Center of Boston United American Indians of New England Lakota Kidz   Selected Sources: “Wampanoag History,” Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) “The Myths of the Thanksgiving Story and the Lasting Damage They Imbue” by Claire Bugos, Smithsonian Magazine, November 26, 2019 1621: A New Look at Thanksgiving by Catherine Grace This Land Is Their Land: The Wampanoag Indians, Plymouth Colony, and the Troubled History of Thanksgiving by David J. Silverman  “Everything You Learned About Thanksgiving Is Wrong By Maya Salam, The New York Times, Nov. 21, 2017 “History of King Philip's War,” by Rebecca Beatrice Books, History of Massachusetts Blog, May 31, 2017. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Blake Hornsby stops by the podcast to discuss his unique blend of music, his varied influences, and his present and upcoming projects.   Click here for easy streaming or download - https://mcdn.podbean.com/mf/web/3sjffr/Ep_133_BLake_Hornsby_pt_167ybn.mp3   Click to listen on Apple/iTunes   Stitcher   Google Podcasts  Spotify   iHeart Radio  Pandora   Listen and follow Blake Hornsby at these places https://blakehornsby.bandcamp.com/album/dogwood-dance https://www.facebook.com/faroutgroovybro https://www.instagram.com/hornsbyba   Find Unaka Prong here- Website: www.unakaprong.com IG: www.instagram.com/unakaprong FB: www.facebook.com/unakaprong Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/artist/0EQGphxo7rc5OwVa9jW9jM Bandcamp: www.unakaprong.bandcamp.com YouTube: https://youtu.be/frI83XKAB08   Subscribe to the podcast - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/wnc-original-music/id1378776313 https://www.iheart.com/podcast/wnc-original-music-31067964/ This link has all the other places to subscribe https://gopod.me/wncom   Follow on Social Media https://www.facebook.com/wncoriginalmusic https://www.wncoriginalmusic.com https://www.instagram.com/wnc_original_music/   All music used by permission   Blake Hornsby is a psychedelic folk musician born and raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee, currently based out of Boone, North Carolina. Hornsby's work is influenced by psychedelia, folk, eastern music, American primitivism, avant-garde, and sound healing. He recorded his first original music in the summer of 2015 on his laptop. This demo incorporated acoustic and electric guitars, banjo, synthesizers, vocals, and samples. In Autumn of 2016, Hornsby released his first album Solipsism & the Nectar of the Gods. This album included reworked versions of songs from his demo as well as new material. In 2018, Hornsby released Legend of the Unconscious Enigma as a follow up to his previous album. In contrast to his debut, he transitioned to a more organic sound without the use of synthesizers and electric guitar. He began experimenting with acoustic guitar in open tunings as well as more complex overdubs.  In the Spring of 2019, Hornsby went on a solo trip to northern India. He purchased a guitar in Delhi and began writing new material in the Himalayas. When he returned to the United States, he perfected these songs and composed the remainder of the material on what would become Teetering on the Edge of the Void.  Teetering On the Edge of the Void was Hornsby's first professional album. It was recorded in late 2019 to analog tape in a studio in Nashville, Tennessee. The result was a psychedelic world folk album tinged with heavy Indian influence and orchestrated segments. Released in June, 2020, this acclaimed album was his most ambitious to date. It became the final album in his conceptual trilogy and was self released on vinyl. Less than a year later, Hornsby released his first professional instrumental album. Dogwood Dance was recorded in Asheville, NC and exemplifies his advanced guitar style that has been compared to artists akin to John Fahey. The Australian record label Ramble Records funded its release on vinyl. Both of his most recent albums have gained attention worldwide and have been positively reviewed on blogs, as well as airplay.   Meeting in Boone, North Carolina, Unaka Prong borrows their name from a mountain range in western North Carolina. With their fourth and newest release, Kudzu, Unaka Prong continues to produce their unique blend of instrumental jazz fusion and alternative rock. Now based in Durham, NC, they've played across the southeast over the last few years, supporting bands like TAUK, Moon Taxi, and Dumpstaphunk.

Joanna Klink curates poems that blend dream and waking, sparking ordinary life with visionary fire. She shares Jon Anderson wrestling with the desire to walk away (“In Autumn”), Sherwin Bitsui's haunting epic of water (“Flood Song”), and Linda Gregg's dreamscape of life without loneliness (“Alma to Her Sister”). Klink closes by reading her poem “On Diminishment,” an intimate, interior landscape of silences and withheld speech.You can find the full recordings of Anderson, Bitsui, and Gregg reading for the Poetry Center on Voca:Jon Anderson (1984)Sherwin Bitsui, as part of “Multilingual Poetry of the Southwest” (2010)Linda Gregg (1981)

Russell and Robert meet Lubaina Himid CBE, the Turner Prize winning artist and cultural activist. Born in Zanzibar in 1954, Lubaina Himid is a British painter who has dedicated her four-decades-long career to uncovering marginalised and silenced histories, figures, and cultural expressions. She studied Theatre Design at Wimbledon College of Art and went on to receive an MA in Cultural History from the Royal College of Art. Himid currently lives and works in Preston, UK, and is a professor at the University of Central Lancashire. In Autumn 2021, Himid will present a major monographic exhibition at Tate Modern, London and will also have a solo exhibition at Hollybush Gardens gallery in London.We discuss her influential career in art as artist but also as a mentor and champion of other artist's work. Initially trained in theatre design, Himid is known for her innovative approaches to painting and to social engagement. She has been pivotal in the UK since the 1980s for her contributions to the British Black arts movement, making space for the expression and recognition of Black experience and women’s creativity. Over the last decade, she has earned international recognition for her figurative paintings, which explore overlooked and invisible aspects of history and of contemporary everyday life. In 2017, she was the winner of the Turner Prize and in 2018 she was bestowed with the honorary title of CBE for her contributions to the arts.Current exhibitions include Risquons-Tout, WIELS, Contemporary Art Centre, Brussels. Significant solo exhibitions include Spotlights, Tate Britain, London (2019); The Grab Test, Frans Hals Museum, Haarlem, The Netherlands (2019); Lubaina Himid, CAPC Bordeaux, France (2019); Work From Underneath, New Museum, New York (2019); Gifts to Kings, MRAC Languedoc Roussillon Midi-Pyrénées, Sérignan (2018); Our Kisses are Petals, BALTIC Centre for Contemporary Art, Gateshead (2018); The Truth Is Never Watertight, Badischer Kunstverein, Karlsruhe (2017); Navigation Charts, Spike Island, Bristol (2017); and Invisible Strategies, Modern Art Oxford (2017).Her work is held in various museum and public collections, including Tate; British Council Collection; Arts Council Collection; UK Government Art Collection; Museum Ludwig, Cologne; Victoria & Albert Museum, London; National Museums Liverpool; Whitworth Art Gallery, Manchester; Hammer Museum, Los Angeles; and Rhode Island School of Design, Providence. A monograph, titled Lubaina Himid: Workshop Manual, was released in 2019 from Koenig Books.Special thanks to Lubaina for this enlightening interview, and Lisa Panting & Malin Ståhl of incredible gallery Hollybush Gardens (based in Clerkenwell, London). Follow @LubainaPics and @Hollybush_Gardens on Instagram and their official websites https://lubainahimid.uk/ and https://hollybushgardens.co.uk/For images of all artworks discussed in this episode visit @TalkArt. Talk Art theme music by Jack Northover @JackNorthoverMusic courtesy of... See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

In Autumn of 2001, Lou tried something new and gave childcare a shot. It went much as expected. Also, Lou tells Chris about his experience with anti-depressants, the time he got expelled from school, and then Dan makes a guest appearance. Today Lou tells Chris about his 43rd job, Kids R Kids.

Donald Macleod explores Grieg's music through the places from which he took inspiration. On 9th September 1907, it’s estimated that some forty to fifty thousand people turned out to pay their respects and watch Edvard Grieg’s cortège pass through the streets of Bergen. It’s an image that speaks of the enormous affection and esteem in which Grieg was held at the time of his death. Bergen was where Grieg was born in 1843, and in a speech he made 60 years later, he acknowledged that his music was drawn from the life of its people, the surroundings of the town and its natural beauty. This week Donald Macleod’s exploring Grieg’s life through the contrasting environments he needed to find the inspiration to write music. Donald begins his survey in Bergen, before assessing the decade Grieg spent in Oslo, the solitude he found in the picturesque Hardanger region and in the house he had built in the mountains. But Grieg had another, contradictory side to his nature, he was also a restless spirit and a keen traveller. Music Featured: 2 Elegiac Melodies, Op 34, (Varen) Piano concerto in A minor (3rd movt - Allegro moderato molto e marcato) 4 Psalms, Op 74 (Jesus Kristus er opfaren) 4 piano pieces, Op 1 (Allegro con leggerezza) String Quartet in G minor, Op 27 (3rd movt - Intermezzo) Holberg Suite, Op 40 Lyric pieces, Op 12 (Arietta) Sigurd Jorsalfar: Three orchestral pieces, Op 56 (Intermezzo: Borghild’s Dream) Piano Sonata in E minor, Op 7 (I. Allegro moderato) In Autumn, Op 11 Haugtussa, Op 67 Grieg, arr. J. Halvorsen: Folkelivsbilder, Op 19 (Bridal procession) Humoresque, Op 6, No 2 Album Leaves, Op 28 Norwegian Dances, Op 35 The Mountain Thrall, Op 32b Lyric Pieces Op 54: No 3 Trolltog; No 4 Notturno; No 6 Klokkeklang Fra Monte pincio Piano Concerto in A minor (2nd movt - Adagio) Violin Sonata No 3 (Allegro animato – Prestissimo) Peer Gynt Suite No 2, Op 55 6 songs, Op 25 No 2 (En Svane) Symphonic Dances op 64 No 4 (Andante) Lyric pieces, Op 71 (Remembrances) Melodies of the Heart, Op 5 (No 1,To brune Ojne; No 3, Jeg elsker Dig) Ballade in G minor (in the form of variations on a Norwegian folktune), Op 24 Cello Sonata in A minor Op 36 (Allegro molto e marcato) Slåtter, Op 72: (Nos 1- 4) Presented by Donald MacLeod Produced by Johannah Smith for BBC Wales For full track listings, including artist and recording details, and to listen to the pieces featured in full (for 30 days after broadcast) head to the series page for Edvard Grieg (1843-1907) https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000qlk0 And you can delve into the A-Z of all the composers we’ve featured on Composer of the Week here: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3cjHdZlXwL7W41XGB77X3S0/composers-a-to-z

Brian Cox on the stars and planets. Archaelogist Susan Greaney on Stonehenge and Maes Howe at solstice, the shadowy paintings of Wright of Derby and Artemisia Gentileschi and the candlelight of Hanukkah in art and literature picked out by Alexandra Harris and the philosophy of Plato and light giving ideas from Sophie-Grace Chappell: Shahidha Bari and guests look at light as BBC Radio 3 broadcasts a series of music programmes, concerts, walks and features looking at Light in Darkness. Physicist Professor Brian Cox joins the BBC SO and Principal Guest Conductor Dalia Stasevska to explore the questions raised by music and the Cosmos concerning eternity, death, rebirth and meaning in a concert being broadcast by BBC Radio 3 on the afternoon of December 23rd. In Autumn 2021 he will be embarking on another Horizons Arena Tour around the UK making the latest thinking about the Cosmos accessible to the wider public. Professor Alexandra Harris is the author of books including Weatherland and Romantic Moderns and was one of the first BBC/AHRC New Generation Thinkers. Professor Sophie-Grace Chappell is the author of many philosophy books and is currently considering the idea of epiphanies. Susan Greaney works with English Heritage at Stonehenge, is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries and a BBC/AHRC New Generation Thinker. Producer: Ruth Watts You might also be interested in Free Thinking conversations about Ice https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0001jzq Ancient wisdom and remote living https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000q3by Antartica https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04p5267 Diving Deep https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b09k8kqr Archaeology https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03xpn5p

ABOUT ANTHONY WILLIAMS Anthony Williams is a guitarist and band member of Rhythm Chant ABOUT SUE BROWN Sue’s contribution to A Very British History: The First Black Brummies has been universally well-received, bringing her a slew of awards for her involvement in the programme. They include Outstanding New Talent at the Royal Television Society Midlands Awards 2019 and the 2019 MvisA (Movies Video & Screen Awards) for Best Factual Production. In Autumn 2019 Sue presented and narrated BBC Birmingham’s Inside Out: Slavery and Stately Homes. Between 2010 and 2018 Sue worked as a Family Social Worker at Lillian de Lissa Children’s Centre in Birmingham. Her role was to support all parents and carers with children from 0–5 years focusing on the child’s earliest years by learning and developing life skills so they can grow up healthy, happy, and achieving their goals. During her time with families, she used a range of approaches and resources to improve emotional well-being, social skills and gave opportunities to children to enjoy and achieve. Over the years Sue has worked with various creative projects and across differing art forms, including collaborations with musicians, in theatres, and on radio, as well as educational work mainly within primary schools. For more than fifteen years she has freelanced with Writing West Midlands as a workshop facilitator and performance poet. Most recently she finished a three-year workshop entitled ‘Sparks Young Writing Group’ based at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon; this is just one of Writing West Midlands creative writing projects which aims to promote the long-term benefit of ‘writing’ by working with professional writers to inspire young wordsmiths with their creativity and writing. Since 2001 Sue has been a member of one of Birmingham’s largest writers' groups, Writers without Borders.

The first *Student Spotlight* from the Dive Into Your Career podcast features future doctor Isi The Medic. In Autumn 2020, Isi Ukponzene started on the "Graduate Entry" Medicine programme at Warwick University, a route she is proudly taking after what she describes as 4-failed attempts to become a medical student. Sometimes, missing the grades for undergraduate medicine can be the end of that journey (even if it's just by one, as in Isi's case) , but this interview will make it clear that determination, intelligence, resilience and a clear sense of purpose means that there are alternative routes to a career as a doctor.With details about her cultural background, academic journey, information about work experience - and an addition focused on the importance of diversity, inclusion and ultimately representation in medicine - this is not only an episode that should be listened to but one that should be shared. ... and when you have finished this episode, be sure to visit YouTube and Instagram where you can catch up with content which documents her journey through Medicine and some advice about applications, designed to help and inspire you and / or the future medic in your life. Visit Isi The Medic's You Tube channel - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzPksK3_cUVlwS7SRJXXn1Q and follow her on Instagram: @isi_themedic Furthermore, whichever industry you are considering, there is so much great information to take from this conversation.

In Autumn 2019, Hurricane Dorian became the most intense tropical cyclone on record to strike the Bahamas. In fact, this single storm is regarded as the worst natural disaster in the country's history. Many of us worried about the east coast of our own country, but the Bahamas were hit especially hard, with the storm basically stationary for many hours. Residents there hunkered down and sought higher ground, wondering when the onslaught would end, and the storm would pass. The physical damage left by the lengthy storm was devastating.   When the winds of life blow fiercely, rain pours down, and the water rises, it is tempting to give in to panic. In the midst of the storm, sometimes we let the noise and chaos of our present circumstances become louder than the voice of our Lord and Savior. The still small voice in our hearts may only be a whisper, but the power behind that presence outranks any circumstance of this life.   Colossians 1:17 says, “He is before all things, and in him all things hold together.”   Jesus was not only with the people of the Bahamas, He is with you in every storm you face. He isn’t simply the fleeting ‘eye of the hurricane,’ either. His presence and power and love for us is greater than any storm life can hit us with.   Let’s pray.   Lord, thank you being our steadfast shelter, our provider and peace-giver in every situation. It’s who you are. No storm can shake us when we build on a foundation of faith. Amen.

Sue’s contribution to A Very British History: The First Black Brummies has been universally well-received, bringing her a slew of awards for her involvement in the programme. They include Outstanding New Talent at the Royal Television Society Midlands Awards 2019 and the 2019 MvisA (Movies Video & Screen Awards) for Best Factual Production. In Autumn 2019 Sue presented and narrated BBC Birmingham’s Inside Out: Slavery and Stately Homes. Between 2010 and 2018 Sue worked as a Family Social Worker at Lillian de Lissa Children’s Centre in Birmingham. Her role was to support all parents and carers with children from 0–5 years focusing on the child’s earliest years by learning and developing life skills so they can grow up healthy, happy, and achieving their goals. During her time with families, she used a range of approaches and resources to improve emotional well-being, social skills and gave opportunities to children to enjoy and achieve. Over the years Sue has worked with various creative projects and across differing art forms, including collaborations with musicians, in theatres, and on radio, as well as educational work mainly within primary schools. For more than fifteen years she has freelanced with Writing West Midlands as a workshop facilitator and performance poet. Most recently she finished a three-year workshop entitled ‘Sparks Young Writing Group’ based at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon; this is just one of Writing West Midlands creative writing projects which aims to promote the long-term benefit of ‘writing’ by working with professional writers to inspire young wordsmiths with their creativity and writing. Since 2001 Sue has been a member of one of Birmingham’s largest writers' groups, Writers without Borders.

Shareena Clanton is an Australian theatre, film and television actor. Clanton portrays Doreen Anderson in the Foxtel TV series Wentworth and appeared in the feature film Last Cab to Darwin. In 2017, she starred in Melbourne Theatre Company's production of Macbeth. In Autumn 2018, Clanton published her essay ‘The Age of Ignorance is Over’ in Media Entertainment & Arts Alliance Equity Magazine. It issues a wake-up call to those in positions of authority to lift the cloak of invisibility from artists of colour and afford them the same opportunities as their white cohort. For Great Australian Speeches, 'The Age of Ignorance is Over' is read by the author herself, Shareena Clanton.

Had you to guess a kingdom to offer decades of resistance to the Mongols at the height of their power, Korea might not have been high on your list. Situated close to Mongol dominated North China and first coming to Mongol attention at the start of the 1220s, it took until the beginning of the 1260s for the peninsula to be firmly under Mongol rule. Today’s episode will detail the long and devastating Mongol war in Korea and the final subjugation during the reign of Great Khan Mongke. I’m your host David, and this is Kings and Generals: Ages of Conquest.   By the 13th century the Korean peninsula had been ruled by the house of Wang since 918. Their kingdom was called Koryo [also written Goryeo (Gor-yeo)], a shortened form of the name of the more ancient Korean Kingdom of Kokuryeo (kok-ur-yeo) [also written Goguryeo] which fell in 668 CE. Both terms are the origin of the modern name for the peninsula. Smaller in scale than the empire of Kokuryeo, the 13th century Koryo kingdom’s territory did not extend much past the Yalu river. Staunch Buddhists, the Kingdom of Koryo was a major player in regional trade and commerce, and a centre of art and culture, and was a proud state. Successfully resisting invasions by the Khitan Liao and Jurchen Jin, Koryo entered into tributary relationships with both but maintained its internal autonomy, and unique worldview where the Korean King was essentially also son of Heaven, alongside the Chinese monarch who traditionally held the title. Similar to the contemporary Song Dynasty, military roles were subservient to the civilian classes and excluded from powerful civil positions. Despite the military being key to repulsing the Jurchen invasion of the 1120s, they gained no recognition, or promotions, for their efforts. Conditions worsened over the 12th century when revolts needed the military to be crushed. During the reign of King Uijong from 1146-1170, matters came to a head. More interested in visiting Buddhist temples than governing, under Uijong, corruption peaked. Government institutions were controlled by aristocratic families competing with the central government, the court was divided among factional lines and critics were exiled. These grievances fed into existing frustrations of the military leaders, ultimately culminating in a coup by the general Chong Chungbu in 1170. The King was dethroned in favour of a brother, and military leaders assumed most of the top offices. This was the beginning of a century of military dictatorship in Korea, its kings reduced to puppets. It was a system remarkably similar to the shogunate established at nearly the same time by Minamoto no Yoritomo in Japan, wherein the Japanese Emperor still head his title and conducted ceremonial roles, but real power was held by the shogun- though after Yoritomo’s death in 1199, real power was held by regents, the shikken of the Hojo clan.    Chungbu struggled to exercise his authority and could not fix the problems facing Koryo; revolts across the country continued and Chungbu was ousted by rivals in 1178, followed in turn by a succession of generals vying for power. It was not until 1196 when the general Ch’oe Ch’unghon assassinated the military dictator. A skilled and brave warrior, Ch’oe Ch’unghon was also a patriot, and saw the years of failed military rule as a disaster for his career, and for Koryo. Ch’oe was adept at political maneuvering. After assassinating the current dictator, he met the King and explained his actions. Gaining royal approval, his authority was established quickly. With support of the Korean King- whom Ch’oe Ch’unghon soon replaced- as well as key military figures, Ch’oe rooted out rivals, skillfully threw bones to military officers, civil leaders and literati, and revitalized the dynasty. Authority was extended through existing dynastic institutions, reformed to weed out corruption but ensured loyal men were in control of those institutions. Marriage ties cemented political alliances, and Ch’oe Ch’unghon essentially established his own dynasty alongside the royal dynasty. He was careful to ensure that alternate power bases to his own were undermined: government military forces weakened while he built up his own private army. Knowing how to champion Zen Buddhism and Confucianism, Ch’oe Ch’unghon masterfully manipulated his public image and public works. Allowing the King to focus on ceremonial and religious roles, Ch’oe’s tight lease on government meant that, over the first decade of the thirteenth century, he felt his position on HIS peninsula to be quite secure.   But like so many others, Ch’oe Ch’unghon’s plans were upset by a little someone named Chinggis Khan. The Great Khan’s invasion of the Jin Empire began in 1211, during which the Korean ambassador to the Jin was killed in the fighting. We have little information on what the Koreans and Ch’oe Ch’unghon thought of the rapid Mongol conquest of the Jin. During these centuries, the Korean kingdoms were always concerned with their northern border with Manchuria, where the Manchurian tribesmen, be they Khitan or Jurchen, invariably proved dangerous foes, crossing to raid in small parties or conquer with full armies. As Jin Dynastic authority collapsed in their Manchurian homeland, the Koreans watched the north uneasily. There, aside from the ongoing warfare, two new states were formed: the first was a Khitan Kingdom in central Manchuria, a “restored” Liao Dynasty made subject to the Mongols in 1212. The second was in Eastern Manchuria and Russia’s Primorsky Krai, founded by the Jin defector Puxian Wannu in 1215, which soon submitted to the Mongols. The latter is often called the Kingdom of Ta-chen, Tung-chen or the Eastern Xia. The frontiers north of Korea were unstable, and Ch’oe Ch’unghon expected trouble would spill over his borders sooner or later.   In 1216 as many as 90,000 rebel Khitans displaced by Jin forces overran Wannu’s southern territory. A few months later, Mongols accompanied by loyal Khitans chased these rebel Khitans from Wannu’s borders. The rebels’ requests to Koryo for aid were denied, and stuck between the Mongols and Korea, the Khitans chose Korea. In autumn 1216 the Khitans blazed through the Korean border defences. Skilled horse archers, the Khitans drove deep into Korea, menacing the capital, modern Kaesong. Korean military resistance contained them to the northern half of the country. Aside from a brief foray back over the border to gain reinforcements in autumn 1217, the Khitans spent most of 1217 and 1218 pillaging and plundering in the northeast.    Unexpectedly, in winter 1218 10,000 Mongols under the command of Qacin and Jala, with 20,000 troops provided by Wannu, arrived in Korea. The Mongols sent a simple message to the Koreans: they would crush the rebel Khitans, requested troops and provisions from the Koreans to assist with this, and then would enter into the same tributary relationship the Koreans had with Liao and Jin. After a brief delay in answering the Koreans acquiesced, sending 1,000 picked troops and 1,000 bushels of rice. The rebels Khitans were crushed, and Korea began sending tribute to the Mongols in 1219.    Korea’s first Mongol experience was relatively peaceful. Though forced to send tribute, their cities had not suffered. Ch’oe Ch’unghon’s advancing age, failing health, and desire to pass his rule onto his son stopped him from taking any provocative actions. A keen observer, he had judged the danger of this new foe, expecting the relationship would differ little from Liao or Jin tribute demands. Ch’oe Ch’unghon died in late 1219, and was succeeded by his oldest son, Ch’oe U. A military man like his father, an effective administrator and decisive leader, though not quite as cautious, Ch’oe U helmed Koryo for the next two decades. Ch’oe U found Mongol demands were downright rapacious, especially for otter skins, highly desired for their water resistant properties. For a people who lived their entire lives outdoors, an otter-skin cap was a valuable product. The chief Mongol envoy to Korea, Ja’uyu (Chao-ku-yu), was said to have abandoned the rest of the tribute at the border and just kept the otter skins!   As we’ve noted in episodes past, when Chinggis Khan marched west against the Khwarezmian Empire in 1219 his general Mukhali was left to maintain pressure on the Jin Dynasty. With Mukhali’s death in 1223, the reduced Mongol military presence in north China and with Chinggis still in Central Asia, the political situation across the region changed dramatically. The end of hostilities between the Jin, Xi Xia and Song Dynasties around 1225 we’ve dealt with already, but changes occurred even in Manchuria and Korea. There, Puxian Wannu renewed his independence and asked for alliance with Koryo. The Koreans declined, but made their own moves. In 1225 the chief Mongol envoy to Korea, the aforementioned Ja’uyu (Chao-ku-yu), mysteriously disappeared while transporting the annual tribute north. The Koreans insisted it was bandits, but the Mongols put the blame square on Koryo.    Ogedai Khaan was enthroned in 1229 and immediately set about bringing the region to heel. The Jin Dynasty took his personal attention and was destroyed by 1234. Both Puxian Wannu and the Koreans were also to be punished. Initially the new Khaan demanded Korea aid in an attack against Wannu. With the failure of the Koreans to comply, Ogedai ordered an invasion of the peninsula, the first of six Mongol invasions. Led by Sartaq-Qorchi, the army crossed the Yalu River in autumn 1231. The attack was overwhelming; the government armies were annihilated in the field and the capital surrounded. There was some notable resistance at a few fortified cities, none more famous than the defence of Kuju. Famed for a victory over the Khitans in 1018, in late 1231 through early 1232 under the command of Pak So, the city withstood weeks of constant Mongol assault. The most famous event occurred early in the siege. The southern wall of the city was defended by Kim Kyongson and a skilled unit of pyolch’o, translated as Defense Command Patrol, Extraordinary Watches or Night Patrol. These were local troops from outside the regular army, an elite militia specializing in guerilla warfare. Sending most of the unit inside the city, Kim Kyongson led a group of 12 picked men before the south gate. Telling them “not to think of their lives and accept death as their fate,” Kim and his men withstood four or five Mongol charges. Taking an arrow to the arm, Kim and his forces stood proudly and girded the city to further resistance;  Attacks were launched on the walls day and night: carts of dry grass and wood were pushed to the gates to burn them, only to be destroyed by Korean catapults; a tower built before the walls to protect sappers was destroyed when the Koreans dug holes through their own walls to pour molten iron onto it. 15 large catapults were driven off by the Korean counter artillery; scaling ladders were toppled by Korean polearms. Bundles of sticks soaked allegedly in human fat, set aflame and hurled into the city could not be put out with water, but were smothered with mud and earth. Another catapult team through constant barrage made 50 breaches in the walls, which the defenders filled back in as the holes were made. After a month of terrible destruction but no success, the Mongol siege was lifted, deciding the city was protected by heaven.   Kuju city and other select settlements outlasted the central government. Military ruler Ch’oe U came to terms with the Mongols in January 1232, and was so frustrated that Kuju had continued to resist that he wanted to have its commanders, Pak So and Kim Kyongson, executed fearing Mongol retaliation. Here the Mongols are said to have interceded, saying: “Although he went contrary to our orders, he is a loyal subject of yours. We are not going to kill him now that you have already pledged peace with us. Would it be proper to kill the loyal subjects of all your cities?”   Still, Koryo had submitted to Sartaq-qorchi in the first month of 1232. The tribute demands were massive. 20,000 horses, 20,000 otter skins, slaves, royal hostages and clothing for 1 million men were demanded, alongside gold, silver and other treasures. The demands were impossible to meet; within a few months the Koreans had procured barely 1,000 otter skins. 72 Mongol darughachin were appointed to oversee Koryo, and Sartaq withdrew his forces, considering the peninsula conquered.    The Koreans were less keen to comply, however. The demands were onerous; while they sent much in gifts, they were unwilling to send royal hostages. Ch’oe U organized sambyolch’o units, a sort of paramilitary police force of the house of Ch’oe. By the end of spring 1232, Ch’oe held a meeting of his top ministers to decide the course of action. In June and July, the plan was struck. Ch’oe U, the King and the court moved from the capital at Kaesong to Kanghwa island offshore, making it the new administrative centre of Korea, protected by the experienced Korean navy. Mongol officials in Korea were murdered and the peninsula was in open revolt. Sartaq returned in fall 1232, blazing a trail of destruction across the northern half of the country until he was killed during a siege by a Buddhist monk turned archer, Kim Yunhu. On Sartaq’s death, the Mongol army withdrew.   The Mongols were not done with Korea. The defection of one Korean commander, Hong Pogwon, gave them control of Korea stretching north from Pyongyang, which Hong was made the overseer of. In early 1233 a Mongol envoy came with a list of grievances and demands, among them that Koreans had to fight against Puxian Wannu- though this came to naught, as Wannu’s kingdom, and the connection between his head and his neck, were removed from the scene later that year by armies under Ogedai’s son Guyuk. After the fall of the Jin Dynasty in 1234, a quriltai was held in Mongolia in 1235 to determine the next campaigns. Attacks were ordered against the Song Dynasty, Guyuk, Subutai and Batu were sent on the great western campaign, and another army, this time under Tangut Ba’atar, was sent to Korea.    Tangut Ba’atar’s invasion in summer 1235 was hugely destructive; with the assistance of Hong Pogwon by winter 1236, he had penetrated some 470 kilometres into Korea. The Koreans were unable to field armies against them, and alternative strategies were developed to respond. Just as the court had fled to Kanghwa Island, most of the population outside of fortified settlements was ordered to flee to coastal islands or mountain refuges, where they could escape Mongol riders. Offensives were limited to guerilla warfare, pyolch’o units launching surprise night raids, ambushes through mountain passes and striking small parties. Hitting quick and hard and making use of their excellent knowledge of local terrain, these small units were actually more mobile than the Mongols. It was a frustrating way of war for the Mongols, and when the Mongols got frustrated, the devastation only increased. Fortified settlements were left to fend for themselves, and when they did fall, the destruction was horrific. The countryside was ravaged, the death toll horrendous. The guerilla tactics could harass but not stop the Mongols, who in turn, unable to strike directly at the royal court or military dictator, could not immediately bring the country to submission. Korean defections to the Mongols were enormous; and in many respects the Ch’oe rulers had chosen a strategy to bring the most damage to their people.   By winter 1238, the Korean court was willing to come to talks with the Mongols to halt the destruction.  Tangut Ba’atar withdrew his forces with talks ongoing and it seemed the Koreans would pledge eternal submission. As the Koreans feared, the Mongolian idea of negotiated settlement was a bit different from their own. Alongside the expected tribute demands, the Mongols required a census, the court could no longer stay on Kanghwa Island, and the Korean King, at that time Kojong, had to present himself to the Mongol court. For the military ruler Ch’oe U, this presented an issue. His legitimacy rested on him being the one to control the King; Mongol demands would remove him from power. Peace on the terms the Mongols wanted could not be accepted as long as the Ch’oes wanted to remain in control. For two years the Koreans made excuses on not sending the King, Ch’oe U trying to find some room to maneuver. Finally, a ploy was decided on: a distant relation of the King was made up to be the Crown Prince, and thus Wang Sun was sent to Karakorum in 1241. The Mongols found out about the deception…. Some 14 years later. By then, he was a loyal member of the Mongol court and even married a daughter of Great Khan Mongke.   With the royal hostage sent in 1241 and resumption of tribute, Ch’oe U achieved a six year truce. The Mongols still wanted the royal court to return to the mainland though, and their envoys grew ever more insistent on the matter. Ch’oe U spent the next six years preparing defenses, building elaborate fortifications on Kanghwa Island and readying militia units.  Buddhist projects were consecrated to secure heavenly favours; the most famous was the recarving of the Tripitaka, the Buddhist scriptures, begun in 1237. Often called the Tripitaka Koreana, this was a massive project, over 80,000 wooden printing blocks carved, requiring thousands of scholars and 12 years to complete.   Guyuk was elected as Great Khan in 1246, and decided the Koreans had stalled long enough on returning the court to the mainland.  In Autumn 1247 an army under the general Amukhan and Hong Pogwon invaded. Official orders were sent for the countryside to be abandoned for coastal islands and mountain fortresses; guerilla attacks were launched; the northern half of the peninsula was desolated. The death of Guyuk in summer 1248 and Ch’oe U in winter 1249 brought a relative calm. Ch’oe U was succeeded by his son, Ch’oe Hang, who proved not the equal of his father or grandfather. More arrogant and hasty than his father, he struggled to maneuver the complicated politics of Koryo and Mongol attacks. Within a few months there was an attempted coup against him, and his reaction alienated major allies, at a time when they couldn’t afford to lose a single one.   In 1251 Mongke was confirmed as Great Khan; driven by the need to complete the conquests, the continued independence of Koryo was not something he could abide. Again, envoys demanded the Korean King visit the Mongol court and abandon Kanghwa island. Again, excuses were made.  King Kojong was too old and sickly for such a trip, but they could discuss the possibility of considering sending the Crown Prince. At the same time, the Koreans prepared for the expected invasion. At the quriltai in 1252 wherein Kublai was ordered against Dali and Hulegu against the Caliph in Baghdad, forces were organized to attack Korea. Prince Yeku invaded in August 1253 alongside Amukhan and Hong Pogwon. Envoys preceded him stating he was there to find out if King Kojong was as sick as he said he was. He had six days to comply and meet Mongol representatives on the mainland. Kojong actually met with Mongol envoys on the straits across from Kanghwa island, and achieved precisely nothing. Mongol forces rode and burned across the peninsula, inland settlements were abandoned for coastal and mountain defenses. Pyolch’o raids attacked Mongol parties, and Mongols destroyed the cities which fell to them. Yeku was held up and fell ill during the long siege of Ch’ungju, ably defended by Kim Yunhu, the same Buddhist Monk who had killed Sartaq some 20 years prior. Ultimately, Mongke recalled Yeku before the end of the year due to his feuding with another prince. Amukhan and Hong Pogwon continued the campaign for a few more weeks, organizing a brief effort at amphibious warfare: seven captured Korean ships landed troops on Kal Island in early 1254, to no great result. Amukhan pulled the troops back in spring, returning in August with reinforcements under Jalayirtai Qorchi.   Jalayirtai brought a variation on the Mongol demands for submission. Now ministers and people had to shave their heads in the Mongol style: leaving only a tuft on the forehead between the eyes, and over the ears to be braided into loops. He also demanded Ch’oe Hang and King Kojong come to the mainland. Predictably, Ch’oe Hang was unwilling to do so. Early in summer 1255 Jalayitrai and Amukhan fell back to the northern border; by then, aside from years of destruction and abandonment of farmland, the peninsula was also in the midst of an ongoing drought. We are told in the first year of Jalayirtai’s command in Korea an estimated 206,8000 persons were taken captive. The suffering was horrific. Jalayirtai’s forces attacked again in autumn 1255, beginning a ship building program. Frustrated with continued resistance from the Korean court, the Mongols were considering assaulting the well defended Kanghwa Island. A sense of Jalayirtai’s frustration is evident in his response to Korean envoys in mid-1256. The envoys came asking for peace and Mongol withdrawal, to which Jalayirtai, incensed with pyolch’o attacks in the night, snapped “if you desire peace and friendship, then why do you kill our soldiers in great numbers?”   Jalayirtai’s movement of troops back north in autumn 1256 was no respite: in spring 1257, famine gripped even Kanghwa island. As Jalayirtai returned in the spring, it must have been apparent that the Ch’oes were hanging by a thread. Ch’oe Hang soon died, succeeded by his son Ch’oe Ui, who proved a very poor choice. His attempts to win favour by grants of food to the populace and court did not offset bad advisers enriching themselves and his own poor decisions. Alienating just about everyone in the court, the pressure of the situation finally led to a coup. Officers led by Kim Injun assaulted Ch’oe’s palace in May 1258. Ch’oe Ui tried to escape over the walls, but was too fat to get himself over. Caught by the assassins, Ch’oe Ui’s death ended six decades of Ch’oe military rule in Korea. Gaining the support of the elderly Kojong and handing out the wealth of the Ch’oe’s, Kim Injun made himself the new military governor. However, his position was much weaker than the Ch’oe’s had been, and still refused to submit to the Mongols. Mongol envoys who arrived in summer 1258 brought threats that they would storm Kanghwa Island, and in August Jalayirtai received further reinforcements under the command of Yesuder. Refusal to supply either the Crown Prince or the King was met with unchecked destruction across the Korean peninsula. If the Royal court would not come to then, then the Mongols would impose direct rule.  No matter how bloody the pyolch’o attacks were, they could not stop the Mongols.   Resistance broke in 1259. Revolts against military rule began across the country, towns and cities surrendered on the arrival of the Mongols rather than continue fighting. With food supplies exhausted, their military forces ground nearly to dust, in the spring of 1259 a peace deal was reached. The Crown Prince, Wang Chon, was to travel to the Mongol court as a royal hostage, the court move back to the mainland, and the defences of Kanghwa be demolished. Kim Injun was not removed but his power was considerably lesser to that of the Ch’oes. Organized Koryo resistance to the Mongol Empire was over. In May 1259, Prince Wang Chon set out for the imperial court, which met a hiccup when Mongke died in August 1259. Wang Chon decided to head for the court of Mongke’s younger brother in China, Kublai. There, he became the first foreign ruler to officially recognize Kublai as the next Great Khan of the Empire. In turn, Kublai provided Wang Chon an armed escort to return to Korea and be installed as the new king, as the venerable Kojong had died in July 1259. Kojong had reigned through the entire Mongol-Korean war, and it was fitting he died only weeks after it ended.   Wang Chon, known better by his temple name, Wonjong, proved a loyal vassal to Kublai Khan, marrying his son and eventual successor to one of Kublai’s daughters. Military rule in Korea ended in 1270 after a series of assassinations, and the Korean court finally returned to the mainland. With that, Koryo was a fully incorporated client kingdom. The King ruled in earnest, though with Mongol backing; when briefly ousted by a coup, Kublai’s forces came in and reinstalled him. Yet Mongol demands upon Korea did not grow any less burdensome; rather,. Wonjong had to mobilize the Koreans for another war, this time fighting alongside the Mongols. Koreans ships, food supplies and men were needed by Kublai Khan against the island of Japan, which had spurned his demands for submission. Korea was to be a launchpad for the first Mongol Invasion of Japan of 1274. To coincide with the release of the new SuckerPunch game Ghost of Tsushima which covers that very same invasion, we will have a few special episodes discussing this area, so be sure to subscribe to the Kings and Generals Podcast. To help us keep bringing you content, consider supporting us on Patreon, at (inset patreon link here). I’m your host David, and we’ll catch you on the next one.

An unspeakable crime – two women murdered, a third left for dead, and a young killer on drugs on the loose. In Autumn 1964, the community of Coorparoo, Brisbane, lost their innocence. We speak with those who were there and remember to this day. 

Dolly Mixture special with Debsey Wykes talking about life in music with David Eastaugh  The group was formed in Cambridge, England, by Bor, Smith, and Wykes, three school friends who shared a fondness for The Shangri-Las and The Undertones. Dolly Mixture supported The Undertones on one of their first UK tours. The band also played venues with The Fall and The Transmitters in 1979. They were once supported by U2. In Autumn 1981, they toured as the featured support band for Bad Manners on their Gosh It's tour and were well received by the second wave mod/ska audience that filled various theatres and venues up and down the land. Relocating to London to gig extensively, national BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel gave them exposure on his radio show and in his weekly column in the UK pop paper, Sounds. Signed to Chrysalis Records, the group released a cover of the Shirelles hit, "Baby It's You" (1980), produced by Eric Faulkner of the Bay City Rollers. However, the cover version was disowned by the group, which protested the label's attempt to sell them as a teen girl group. Their next single, "Been Teen" (1981), was the first single released on Paul Weller's Respond label. It was followed by "Everything And More" (1982), also released on Respond. Both singles were produced by Captain Sensible and Paul Gray of The Damned. They became friends with Sensible and recorded backing vocals on his singles and albums. After Sensible had a hit with "Happy Talk" in 1982 (featuring Dolly Mixture, credited as "Dolly Mixtures" on the single, and also in the song's video) and following various appearances on the television show Top of the Pops, Dolly Mixture – as a separate entity from Captain Sensible – performed extensively.

In Autumn 2010, the world watched rescue efforts after a mine collapsed in Chile. What happened to the miners? How did they survive this terrible experience? Liz Waid and Adam Navis tell the story.

In Autumn last year AMIS, an organisation and helpline for Abused Men in Scotland based in Edinburgh, faced the prospect of closure. In spite of being busier than it had ever been in almost a decade of operation, a crucial element of their funding had been cut. It left them unable to pay for the office, phones and staff required to keep even the most basic Helpline service available. In the run up to Christmas Producer Joel Cox follows Iris, Alison and Elizabeth as they face the crisis while knowing that the service they provide is vital and not being covered by any other organisation in Scotland. Will crowd funding, grant applications and a raffle be enough to keep the lines open, and what does it mean to the women who strive to keep this unfashionable branch of victim abuse support running. Producers: Joel Cox and Tom Alban

Did you know each season relates to a different Ayurvedic dosha energy. In this episode I deep-dive into how to balance Vata dosha in the Fall season. I'll discuss simple Ayurvedic lifestyle practices (food, self-care, exercises, yoga) to keep your body and mind balanced and stress-free in the cool, dry and windy Fall season. You'll learn the signs of Vata dosha imbalances, the foods that will balance out your system to reduce stress and the exercises, yoga postures, breath work (pranayama) and meditations you should do to keep your health, vitality and energy high In Autumn.

In Autumn 2018, we held a fundraising art trail to encourage the residents of Brighton and Hove to get out, #BeMoreSnail and enjoy the slower parts of life. This is an overview of our digital campaign and how we raised £300,000 for the hospice and achieved 31 million impressions on our hashtag over 10 weeks.

Dolly Mixture special with Rachel Lowell in conversation with David Eastaugh  Dolly Mixture were an English band formed in 1978 by bassist and vocalist Debsey Wykes, guitarist and vocalist Rachel Bor and drummer Hester Smith. They had a taste of Top 40 success performing backing vocals for the Captain Sensible hit "Wot", a Top 10 hit with Sensible on "Glad It's All Over", and a UK No. 1 hit backing Sensible on his 1982 cover of "Happy Talk". Rachel Bor also featured on the Animus/Loose Records single "Wot NO Meat?" also by Captain Sensible in 1985. Rachel and Debsey performed together on 24 April 2013 at the Islington Assembly Hall in London. The group was formed in Cambridge by Bor, Smith, and Wykes, three school friends who shared a fondness for The Shangri-Las and The Undertones. Dolly Mixture supported The Undertones on one of their first UK tours. The band also played venues with The Fall and The Transmitters in 1979. They were once supported by U2. In Autumn 1981, they toured as the featured support band for Bad Manners on their Gosh It's tour and were very well received by the second wave mod/ska audience that filled various theatres and venues up and down the land. Relocating to London to gig extensively, national BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel gave them exposure on his radio show and in his weekly column in the UK pop paper, Sounds. Signed to Chrysalis Records, the group released a cover of the Shirelles hit, "Baby It's You" (1980), produced by Eric Faulkner of the Bay City Rollers. However, the cover version was disowned by the group, which protested the label's attempt to sell them as a teen girl group. Their next single, "Been Teen" (1981), was the first single released on Paul Weller's Respond label. It was followed by "Everything And More" (1982), also released on Respond. Both singles were produced by Captain Sensible and Paul Gray of The Damned. They became friends with Sensible and recorded backing vocals on his singles and albums. After Sensible had a hit with "Happy Talk" in 1982 (featuring Dolly Mixture, credited as "Dolly Mixtures" on the single, and also in the song's video) and following various appearances on the television show Top of the Pops, Dolly Mixture – as a separate entity from Captain Sensible – performed extensively. In 1983, the band released a double album called the "Demonstration Tapes" on their own Dead Good Dolly Platters label. The album sported a plain white cover and each copy was numbered and authentically autographed by the group members. Only one thousand copies were pressed. The album featured 27 demo tracks which covered a large part of the band's repertoire. The same year saw a release of the "Remember This" single, again on Dead Good Dolly Platters label. The B-side was a piece entitled "Listening Pleasure/Borinda's Lament", which included dialogue (à la Home Service British Force's Radio DJ), a half-finished song and an instrumental chamber piece with Wykes on piano and Bor on cello. The 12-inch vinyl Fireside EP was released in 1984 on Cordelia Records, owned by Alan Jenkins, a member of The Deep Freeze Mice. The six-track EP represented the band's new artistic direction and contained mostly instrumental pieces, abandoning the guitar/bass/drum format. The most recognisable track was "Dolly Medley", containing highlights of the Dolly's repertoire, including the previously unreleased "Dead Rainbow", all done in a chamber music style. It was produced by Dolly Mixture and Andrew Fryer.

In Autumn 2018, I committed to participate in one of the toughest endurance events in the UK. The ‘Artemis Great Kindrochit Quadrathlon' created by inspiring former show guest, David Fox-Pitt MBE to raise vital funds for charity. With the death of my father in November this extreme journey took on even greater meaning as a metaphor for life. Yet as I became fitter and stronger so did the volume of exciting business opportunities coming my way. Two of my favourite people are joining us – Quadrathlon winner and marketing expert Jane Hansom whose quest to transform her health at age 40 led to becoming 2016's Ironman and Triathlon world champion! Also, Professional Speaker, author and English Channel relay swimmer Mike Pagan who foolishly partnered with me on the event! So why should busy business-people take on such challenges, what are the benefits and what can you do to ensure you succeed whilst also elevating your performance at work? Join us for inspiration to help your journey!

In Autumn 2018, I committed to participate in one of the toughest endurance events in the UK. The ‘Artemis Great Kindrochit Quadrathlon' created by inspiring former show guest, David Fox-Pitt MBE to raise vital funds for charity. With the death of my father in November this extreme journey took on even greater meaning as a metaphor for life. Yet as I became fitter and stronger so did the volume of exciting business opportunities coming my way. Two of my favourite people are joining us – Quadrathlon winner and marketing expert Jane Hansom whose quest to transform her health at age 40 led to becoming 2016's Ironman and Triathlon world champion! Also, Professional Speaker, author and English Channel relay swimmer Mike Pagan who foolishly partnered with me on the event! So why should busy business-people take on such challenges, what are the benefits and what can you do to ensure you succeed whilst also elevating your performance at work? Join us for inspiration to help your journey!

The National Infrastructure Commission for Wales was established in 2018: “as an independent, non-statutory, advisory body to Welsh Ministers, whose key purpose will be to analyse, advise and make recommendations on Wales’ longer term strategic economic and environment infrastructure needs”. Now its Chair and 11 Commissioners have been appointed, attention is turning to some fundamental questions: what are Wales’ infrastructure needs, what should be our priorities and how should they be decided? In Autumn 2018, IWA hosted a series of blogs curated by Ed Evans, CECA (the Civil Engineering Contractors Association), exploring these issues. Continuing the discussion in the latest IWA podcast Auriol Miller, Director of the IWA, is joined by Ed Evans, Director of the Civil Engineering Contractors Association (CECA) Wales Cymru; David Clubb, Director of RenewableUK Cymru; Rhodri Hugh Thomas, Principal Sustainability Consultant at Cynnal Cymru-Sustain Wales; and Josh Miles, Policy Manager for FSB Wales.

Join us in this episode as we speak with Barbara Morningstar, author of  “Honoring the Mystery; Uplifting Insights from the Language, Visions, and Dreams of the Dying”. She is also founded  “In Autumn’s Cocoon Education” in the fall of 2017 and is a key note speaker at major hospice and palliative conferences. Barbara is presently offering her […] The post Honoring the Mystery; Uplifting Insights from the Language, Visions, and Dreams of the Dying appeared first on Conscious Living Radio.

The man who the Daily Telegraph declared to be, “arguably Britain’s greatest living photographer” had a suburban childhood in the provincial county of Surrey, England, where his budding interest in the medium of photography was encouraged by his grandfather George Parr, himself a keen amateur photographer. Martin went on to study photography at Manchester Polytechnic in the early 70s and since that time has worked on many, many photographic projects, publishing over 100 books of his own work and editing another 30. He has developed an international reputation for his innovative imagery, his oblique approach to social documentary, and his input to photographic culture within the UK and abroad. In 1994 Martin became a full member of Magnum Photos, scraping in by a single vote, in the face of strong opposition to his inclusion from some of the old guard, including Philip Jones Griffiths and Henri Cartier Bresson himself. He has since become an important and influential Magnum Member where he served as President between 2013 and 2017. Martin has also developed an interest in filmmaking, and has started to use his photography within different genres, such as fashion and advertising. In 2002 the Barbican Art Gallery and the National Media Museum initiated a large retrospective of Martin’s work and this exhibition toured Europe for the next 5 years. Martin was Professor of Photography at The University of Wales Newport campus from 2004 to 2012 and Guest Artistic Director for the Arles photo festival in 2004. In 2006 he was awarded the Erich Salomon Prize and the resulting Assorted Cocktail show opened at Photokina and in 2008 was guest curator at New York Photo Festival. Parrworld opened at Haus de Kunst, Munich, in 2008. The show exhibited Martin’s own collection of objects, postcards, photography prints by both British and International photographers, photo books and a new project from Parr entitled Luxury. The exhibition toured Europe for the following 2 years. At PhotoEspana in 2008, Martin won the Baume et Mercier Award in recognition of his professional career and contributions to contemporary photography. He is co-author with Gerry Badger of the exhuastive three volume series The Photobook: A History. In March 2016 Strange and Familiar, curated by Parr, opened at the Barbican, London. The show examines how international photographers from 1930s onwards have photographed in the UK. Martin was awarded the Sony World Photography Award for Outstanding Contribution to Photography in April 2017. In Autumn 2017 the Martin Parr Foundation - which is a gallery and archive dedicated to supporting and preserving the photographic legacy of not only Martin himself but also of photographers who made, and continue to make, important work focused on the British Isles - opened in Bristol. Martin is currently working on an exhibition for the National Portrait Gallery which opens in March 2019. In episode 091, Martin discusses, among other things: The Foundation The UK’s attitude towards photography How his suburban childhood influenced his photography Tony Ray Jones Developing his distinctive colour style The Last Resort Being described as ‘an alien’ by Heni Cartier Bresson Passing on 12,000 photobooks to Tate Modern The health and future of Magnum Photos Referenced: Roger Mayne David Hoffman Hans Bellmer Don McCullin Paul Trevor Tony Ray Jones Peter Mitchell Chris Killip Daido Moriyama Simon Roberts Niall McDiarmid Chloe Dewe Matthews Clementine Schneidermann John Myers Sergio Larrain Robert Frank Paul Graham Tom Wood John Hinde Martin: Website | Facebook | Instagram | Twitter MPF: Website | Facebook | Instagram | Twitter “I’m pretty happy with the way it’s turned out, to be honest. I have to kick myself sometimes to realise I’m still earning a living from my hobby.”

Interview with Michael Veazey Amazing FBA Show Notes 3.5 Years on Amazon FBA Build a mindset by action 18 -24 months replace your FT income working PT Start with retail arbitrage Adam Hudson - Primed - https://www.amazon.com/Primed-Building-Amazing-Business-Amazon/dp/1546637362 Jim Cockrum - Silent Jim - https://silentjim.com/podcast/ Tim Ferris Podcast - https://tim.blog/podcast/ Pat Flynn - https://www.smartpassiveincome.com/podcasts/Social Media Marketing Bio Michael Veazey is a UK based (London) Amazon Entrepreneur and Amazon podcaster and consultant. Background Having been a musician and music teacher for a couple of decades, Michael got tired of the low pay and unresponsive students. He discovered the Amazon Private Label opportunity and loved the creativity of being an online entrepreneur, as well as the time freedom it gives once it’s up and running. Michael had always loved listening to intelligent “talk” radio (mostly Radio 4), that expanded to include a great liking for listening to business podcasts over the last decade. Having been very inspired by many great business podcasts and blogs over the last few years, like those by Tim Ferriss and Seth Godin, Michael wanted to create one to inspire and help others. Although there were many other good podcasts about selling on Amazon in the USA, they all had a US perspective. There seemed to be no podcast specifically with a more international perspective, specifically starting from a UK perspective. Michael felt he could fill in the gap. Amazon business Michael has been selling on Amazon USA since December 2014 and started selling in the UK in July 2015, branching out into other European marketplaces in late 2016. In Autumn 2016, he launched a new Europe-focussed brand with a business partner. Michael hit $100,000 in sales within 2 years with his own brands. Total sales with Michael and his business partners have passed $250,000 so far. Amazing FBA Michael has been running the Podcast, Blog and Facebook Group since September 2015. The podcast has just passed 275 podcast episodes published, with over 100 expert interviews. Michael started Amazon Mentoring in April 2016, and masterminds in Sept 2016. In Sept. 2017, Michael founded the 10K Collective, a London-based mastermind of men and women doing over $25,000 a month on Amazon. With collective revenues of over $10 million a year, they meet once a month in central London to discuss and implement advanced strategy and tactics. In August-Sept. 2018, Michael is finalizing the PLP course, an online course which captures his philosophy of iterative business development; and which focusses as much on the mindset and skillset of the entrepreneur as it does on developing a business. Links Amazing FBA: https://amazingfba.com Amazing FBA Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/Amazingpodcast Amazing FBA YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/AmazingFba Sponsored by Spark Shipping – Dropshipping Automation

Watch the video here. Blending dramatic historical narrative with critical interpretation in order to make surprising connections to contemporary political and cultural struggles, William Hogeland's three books on founding American history include The Whiskey Rebellion, Founding Finance, and Declaration. He has also contributed articles and essays about history, music, and politics to a slew of publications, including The Atlantic Monthly, The New York Times, and Salon, and has appeared on PBS's History Detectives, Book TV, and Good Morning America. In Autumn of the Black Snake, Hogeland tells the story of the creation of the U.S. Army and how its first victory against the indigenous people of the Ohio Valley opened the way to western settlement. (recorded 5/23/2017)

It's September, the leaves are turning and Autumn has arrived, so in honour of this return to reality we bring you a show about the everyday, the mundane, the quotidian in literature. As usual, our theme is inspired by our guest, and this month we’ll be playing a recording of a live interview Carrie did with the celebrated Norwegian author Karl Ove Knausgaard a couple weeks ago at Waterstones Tottenham Court Road. Knausgaard is best known for his epic My Struggle series, but he was in town to talk about his new book, appropriately called Autumn, the first in a quartet of titles based around the seasons. In Autumn, he describes the world around him – from chewing gum to toilet bowls to frogs – to his unborn daughter. So tune in for a celebration of the ordinary things in literature, and a discussion about how writers from George Eliot to Elizabeth Strout have made them compelling and extraordinary.

SOAS Radio had special guests Kate and Goitom from Phosphoros Theatre talking about their highly acclaimed theatre production telling stories of and by young refugees and asylum seekers from Eritrea, Afghanistan, Somalia and Albania. Goitom and Kate talked about how the play came about, audience responses and how to support unaccompanied minors more generally. Get tickets to their upcoming shows on Feb 6-8 and tune in for the interview and a beautiful musical surprise! Phosphoros Theatre Phosphoros Theatre’s first show, ‘Dear Home Office’, was performed in London and Edinburgh in 2016. It gained 4 and 5 star reviews at the Edinburgh Fringe and was nominated for the Amnesty Freedom of Expression Award. In Autumn 2016 it performed sell out performances at the Pleasance Islington and the Southbank Centre’s Being a Man Festival. Dear Home Office is a letter to those in power, detailing the true stories of a group of young male unaccompanied minors who have fled the troubles of Eritrea, Albania, Somalia and Afghanistan. Playing versions of themselves on stage, they take the audience on a roller coaster of immigration and social services interviews, being signed up to credit cards they haven’t even heard of, finding their way around their first day at college, and learning to live alongside each other in a supported accommodation in North London. With a backdrop of intimate footage, filmed largely by the boys themselves, they show their reality at home in their shared accommodation and perform with live music, dance and comedy, revealing “who we were then, and who we are now”. More about Afghan Association Paiwand (www.paiwand.com)– support their work or get involved as a mentor, sports coach, language teacher and more! Tickets: https://www.bunkertheatre.com/whats-on/dear-home-office Links: www.facebook.com/pg/PhosphorosTheatre/about

Should we get paid breaks from work to have sex? And is it ever OK to “out” somebody as a former porn star? We discuss the so-called “golden trio of moves” that are said to result in female orgasm (*sceptical face*) and Rob learns what all the different sex and gender identity labels mean… and why they matter to people. We also talk about sex and consent and reveal whether we've ever been caught masturbating. If you enjoyed the show today, why not buy me a coffee?LINKSThe Sun outs a nurse as a former porn star but is forced to delete the story after complaints.Franki discovers a town in Sweden where local authorities recommend people take paid “sex breaks” from work.The Guardian reports on a “golden trio of moves” said to be more likely to result in female orgasm.More than half of young people don't identify as straight, says this report. Sex writer Alix Fox looks at exactly what the term ‘sapiosexual' means to people in this article. And Franki sets out some of her own thoughts on what it means to be ‘pansexual' in this blog post.In Autumn 2015 Thams Valley police put out this cartoon using tea to explain sexual consent.A woman caught her husband watching virtual reality porn. Check out the story (and pictures!) here. The Second Circle is the podcast that takes sex seriously. Created and hosted by freelance journalist Franki Cookney (with help from her husband Rob) it seeks to make sex a subject we engage with as fully, openly and enthusiastically as we do with politics, art, fitness, food and fashion. To get in touch tweet @secondcirclepod or email secondcirclepodcast@gmail.com. Support the show (https://ko-fi.com/frankicookney)

4/5. In Autumn 2003 Professor David Zeitlyn (University of Oxford) presented the 2003/2004 Evans-Pritchard Lectures at All Souls College, Oxford. The theme was 'The life of Diko Madeleine and the History of Somi, Cameroon, in the Twentieth Century'.

5/5. In Autumn 2003 Professor David Zeitlyn (University of Oxford) presented the 2003/2004 Evans-Pritchard Lectures at All Souls College, Oxford. The theme was 'The life of Diko Madeleine and the History of Somi, Cameroon, in the Twentieth Century'.

3/5. In Autumn 2003 Professor David Zeitlyn (University of Oxford) presented the 2003/2004 Evans-Pritchard Lectures at All Souls College, Oxford. The theme was 'The life of Diko Madeleine and the History of Somi, Cameroon, in the Twentieth Century'.

2/5. In Autumn 2003 Professor David Zeitlyn (University of Oxford) presented the 2003/2004 Evans-Pritchard Lectures at All Souls College, Oxford. The theme was 'The life of Diko Madeleine and the History of Somi, Cameroon, in the Twentieth Century'.

1/5. In Autumn 2003 Professor David Zeitlyn (University of Oxford) presented the 2003/2004 Evans-Pritchard Lectures at All Souls College, Oxford. The theme was 'The life of Diko Madeleine and the History of Somi, Cameroon, in the Twentieth Century'.

Don't step on my shadow. Advanced. Have you ever noticed just how bright the sun can be in Autumn. The angle of the sun, or perhaps its proximity to the earth, seems to make the sunlight intense, in a way that is different from Summer. As we were walking home today from the mailbox, my son, Robert, said, "Don't step on my shadow, mum!" I looked at the shadow that he and his bicycle cast on the ground, and I realised that, at least for a few weeks, I had been missing the clearly defined, dark shadows all around. Children pick up on these things, of course. They are more likely, than us adults, to notice anything that is close to the ground. At school they play games with shadows during recess. One in particular is 'Shadow tag'. The person who is 'it' has to chase the rest of the group and 'tag' someone's shadow; that person then becomes the tagger. Then, as the day draws to a close, the shadows lengthen and take on a slightly sinister look, which, again, gives children an opportunity to play and imagine. Grammar notes. Mailbox (americanism) = post box; to realize (americanism) = to realise; recess = playtime; tag = catch. To cast used in 'to cast a shadow', and also in 'to cast doubt on something.' To pick up on something = to realise or notice something. To take on a look = to become in appearance. Beginners. Shadows are interesting things. They can be fun to play with, especially for children. In Autumn, the bright sun helps to create strong looking shadows everywhere. Children often play games with shadows. In films and books we find shadows mentioned; they stir up our imaginations. As the sun goes down, and it starts to get darker, the shadows stretch and stretch, and become very long. It looks a little scary and odd. To see a long shadow of a person move can be quite spooky. Children are very creative and playful, and shadows are things that they can use to have fun. Grammar notes. Scary, frightening, spooky. Useful expressions: especially, often, quite. To stir up imagination = to excite imagination.