Podcast appearances and mentions of Sendhil Mullainathan

He's a professor of computation and behavioral science at the University of Chicago, MacArthur “Genius Grant” recipient, and author. Steve and Sendhil laugh their way through a conversation about the importance of play, the benefits of change, and why we remember so little about the books we've read — and how Sendhil's new app solves this problem. This episode originally aired on July 23rd, 2021. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Healthcare workers are caught in a cycle of time poverty - never having enough hours to meet both work demands and personal needs. In this episode, Dr. Jo shares her real-time experience working a busy rehabilitation locum and how protecting lunch breaks actually improved cognitive clarity and efficiency. Research shows that time scarcity creates a "tunneling" effect that makes us less productive, not more. Learn practical strategies using the Sleep, Support, Mindset, and Movement framework to reclaim your time sovereignty and break free from the martyrdom narrative that's stealing your life outside of medicine. Resources: Journal of Medical Internet Research (2023) - Healthcare worker time pressure study Dr. Christine Sinsky's research with the American Medical Association on administrative burden Dr. Sendhil Mullainathan's behavioral economics research on scarcity mindset Join Dr. Jo's weekly newsletter for evidence-based burnout recovery strategies Connect on social media for ongoing support and community Action Step: Identify one hour in your day that you can reclaim and use it for something that feeds your soul. Reflection Question: If you had an extra hour every day, what would you do with it? (Think about you, not work!)See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Show Notes Josh and Ben discuss the new Major League Baseball Automated Ball-Strike (ABS) Challenge System, Planar Standard, some Bad at Parenting, smelling nice vs. smelling clean, and they take on an AI-generated round of Mastermind you won’t want to miss!  Intro & Follow-up (0-41:04) The List of Prime Numbers  The MLB ABS Challenge: Explained (in 2.5 minutes)  Are MLB Players Shrinking??  Bad at Magic (41:04-46:35) Join us for…MagicCon: Las Vegas | 2026  Magic’s newest format: PLANAR STANDARD  What I’m Reading (46:35-54:38) Josh: A Crown of Swords by Robert Jordan Scarcity: Why Having Too Little Means So Much by Sendhil Mullainathan & Eldar Shafir  Ben: Repenter: Players of the Game Book 1 – James McGowan  Mastermind #3 (54:38-end) Animals are smarter than people (Brian Regan video)  Join in the discussion on: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BadAtMagicPodcast  Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/badatmagic/  YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@badatmagic/podcasts  Check out our website(s): http://www.badatmagic.live  Our YouTube Channel  Support us on: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/badatmagic/  Credits: Bad at Magic Logos by Jonica Rich  Transition music by Jarus Rich  Outro music from Cascading by Ammon Rich 

Steeve Marchand talks about the effects of prison programs on behavior. "Prison Rehabilitation Programs and Recidivism: Evidence from Variations in Availability" by William Arbour, Guy Lacroix, and Steeve Marchand. OTHER RESEARCH WE DISCUSS IN THIS EPISODE: “Thinking, fast and slow? Some field experiments to reduce crime and dropout in Chicago" by Sara B. Heller, Anuj K. Shah, Jonathan Guryan, Jens Ludwig, Sendhil Mullainathan, and Harold A. Pollack. “Does incarceration length affect labor market outcomes?” by Rasmus Landersø. “Incarceration, recidivism, and employment" by Manudeep Bhuller, Gordon B. Dahl, Katrine V. Løken, and Magne Mogstad. “Tough on young offenders: Harmful or helpful?” by Giulia Lotti. “Leave the door open? Prison conditions and recidivism" by Giovanni Mastrobuoni and Daniele Terlizzese. “Do better prisons reduce recidivism? Evidence from a prison construction program" by Santigo Tobón. “'Something Works' in U.S. Jails: Misconduct and Recidivism Effects of the IGNITE Program” by Marcella Alsan, Arkey Barnett, Peter Hull, and Crystal Yang. Probable Causation Episode 113: Peter Hull "Can prisons move people into better jobs? A look at correctional vocational training programs and sectoral employment outcomes" by Britte van Tiem. "Can Recidivism Be Prevented From Behind Bars? Evidence From a Behavioral Program" by William Arbour. Probable Causation Episode 102: William Arbour "Encouraging Desistance from Crime" by Jennifer Doleac. Want more? Check out my new book! The Science of Second Chances: A Revolution in Criminal Justice is available now.

Check out my new book! The Science of Second Chances: A Revolution in Criminal Justice   In this episode of Probable Causation: Oeindrila Dube talks about a cognitive behavioral training program for police. This episode was first posted in April 2024. “A Cognitive View of Policing” by Oeindrila Dube, Sandy Jo MacArthur, and Anuj Shah. OTHER RESEARCH WE DISCUSS IN THIS EPISODE: "Thinking, fast and slow? Some field experiments to reduce crime and dropout in Chicago" by Sara B. Heller, Anuj K. Shah, Jonathan Guryan, Jens Ludwig, Sendhil Mullainathan, and Harold A. Pollack. "Can You Build a Better Cop?" by Emily Owens, David Weisburd, Karen L. Amendola, and Geoffrey P. Alpert.  "The Impacts of Implicit Bias Awareness Training in the NYPD" by Robert E. Worden, Sarah J. McLean, Robin S. Engel, Hannah Cochran, Nicholas Corsaro, Danielle Reynolds, Cynthia J. Najdowski, and Gabrielle T. Isaza.  "The impact of implicit bias-oriented diversity training on police officers' beliefs, motivations, and actions" by Calvin K. Lai and Jaclyn A. Lisnek. "Does De-escalation Training Work?" by Robin S. Engel, Hannah D. McManus, and Tamara D. Herold.  "Assessing the Impact of De-escalation Training on Police Behavior: Reducing Police Use of Force in the Louisville, KY Metro Police Department" by Robin S. Engel, Nicholas Corsaro, Gabrielle T. Isaza, and Hannah D. McManus. “Reducing crime and violence: Experimental evidence from cognitive behavioral therapy in Liberia” by Christopher Blattman, Julian C. Jamison, and Margaret Sheridan. "Can Recidivism Be Prevented From Behind Bars? Evidence From a Behavioral Program" by William Arbour. Probable Causation Episode 102: William Arbour "Peer Effects in Police Use of Force" by Justin E. Holz, Roman G. Rivera, and Bocar A. Ba. "The Effect of Field Training Officers on Police Use of Force" by Chandon Adger, Matthew Ross, and CarlyWill Sloan. Probable Causation Episode 90: Matthew Ross   Want more? Visit our website! https://www.probablecausation.com/

A series of academic studies suggest that the wealthy are, to put it bluntly, selfish jerks. It's an easy narrative to embrace — but is it true? As part of GiveDirectly's “Pods Fight Poverty” campaign, we revisit a 2017 episode. SOURCES:Jim Andreoni, professor of economics at the University of California, San Diego.Nikos Nikiforakis, professor of economics at New York University in Abu Dhabi.Paul Piff, associate professor of psychology at the University of California, Irvine.Jan Stoop, associate professor of applied economics at the Erasmus School of Economics. RESOURCES:"Are the Rich More Selfish Than the Poor, or do They Just Have More Money? A Natural Field Experiment," by James Andreoni, Nikos Nikiforakis, and Jan Stoop (National Bureau of Economic Research, 2017)."Exploring the Psychology of Wealth, 'Pernicious' Effects of Economic Inequality," (PBS NewsHour, 2013)."Poverty Impedes Cognitive Function," by Anandi Mani, Sendhil Mullainathan, Eldar Shafir, and Jiaying Zhao (Science, 2013)."Higher Social Class Predicts Increased Unethical Behavior," by Paul Piff, Daniel Stancato, Stéphane Côté, Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton, and Dacher Keltner (PNAS, 2011)."Relative Earnings and Giving in a Real-Effort Experiment," by Nisvan Erkal, Lata Gangadharan, and Nikos Nikiforakis (American Economic Review, 2011)."Experimenter Demand Effects in Economic Experiments," by Daniel John Zizzo (Experimental Economics, 2009)."Impure Altruism and Donations to Public Goods: A Theory of Warm-Glow Giving," by James Andreoni (The Economic Journal, 1990)."Privately Provided Public Goods in a Large Economy: The Limits of Altruism," by James Andreoni (Journal of Public Economics, 1987)."A Positive Model of Private Charity and Public Transfers," by Russell Roberts (Journal of Political Economy, 1984).Pods Fight Poverty Campaign on Give Directly. EXTRAS:“How to Raise Money Without Killing a Kitten,” by Freakonomics Radio (2013). Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

This week, we're joined by Wonkathon winner Eric Tucker—CEO and president of The Study Group—to talk about his first-place entry on what it will take for the science of reading laws to succeed.Then, on the Research Minute, David Griffith highlights a study showing how much valuable information is lost when individual test questions are collapsed into a single score—and why states could produce better value-added measures by using the rich data they already collect.  Recommended content: Science of reading 2.0: Assessment in the service of learning as the backbone of science-powered reading improvement — Edmund W. Gordon and Eric Tucker for the Thomas B. Fordham InstituteWonkathon 2025: What will make science of reading laws succeed? —Thomas B. Fordham InstituteDo Test Scores Misrepresent Test Results? An Item-by-Item Analysis —Jesse Bruhn, Michael Gilraine, Jens Ludwig, and Sendhil Mullainathan, EdWorkingPapers (2025)--Don't miss our December 4 webinar, Implementation Is Where It's At: What's Next for the Science of Reading?, happening at 3:00 p.m. ET.Feedback Welcome: Have ideas for improving our show? Send them to thegadfly@fordhaminstitute.org

336: Escaping Scarcity to Reclaim Strategic Leadership (Pierre Berastaín)SUMMARYSpecial thanks to TowneBank for bringing these conversations to life, and for their commitment to strengthening nonprofit organizations. Learn more about how they can help you at TowneBank.com/NonprofitBanking.What happens when scarcity becomes the default mindset in your organization? In episode #336 of Your Path to Nonprofit Leadership, global nonprofit leader Pierre Berastain reveals how operating with too little for too long goes far beyond financial strain - it reshapes culture, stifles innovation, and narrows leadership's field of vision. Drawing from personal experience and his work addressing systemic challenges, Pierre explains the structural, psychological, and relational costs of scarcity and why they so often leave organizations stuck in survival mode. He challenges leaders to step back, examine strategy, culture, and systems, and ask whether decisions are driven by fear or clarity. With practical insights and examples, this conversation offers nonprofit leaders a roadmap to shift from reactive to strategic, reimagine what's possible, and create healthier, more resilient organizations that protect people while advancing mission.ABOUT PIERREPierre Berastaín is the Regional Director for North America of the Centre for Public Impact. He brings over 15 years of experience in organizational management and program implementation. He is the co-founder of Caminar Latino-Latinos United for Peace and Equity, a national organization focused on addressing gender-based violence. He has previously held leadership roles at organizations such as the District Alliance for Safe Housing, Harvard University, and Esperanza United, focusing on gender-based violence. A published author and public speaker, Pierre has been recognized for his work in immigration, LGBTQ advocacy, and restorative justice. Pierre holds degrees from Harvard College and Harvard Divinity School and a doctorate in public health from UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health. Originally from Peru, he now lives in Washington, DC with his husband Paul.EPISODE TOPICS & RESOURCES Scarcity by Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir Want to chat leadership 24/7?  Go to delphi.ai/pattonmcdowellHave you gotten Patton's book Your Path to Nonprofit Leadership: Seven Keys to Advancing Your Career in the Philanthropic Sector – Now available on AudibleDon't miss our weekly Thursday Leadership Lens for the latest on nonprofit leadership

Steven Pinker's new book argues that all our relationships depend on shared assumptions and “recursive mentalizing” — our constant efforts to understand what other people are thinking. He and Steve talk about the psychology of eye contact, the particular value of Super Bowl ads, and what it's like to get cancelled. SOURCES:Steven Pinker, professor of psychology at Harvard University. RESOURCES:When Everyone Knows That Everyone Knows, by Steven Pinker (2025)."Why I Left Harvard," by Carole Hooven (The Free Press, 2024).Rationality: What It Is, Why It Seems Scarce, Why It Matters, by Steven Pinker (2021)."Economics of Toilet Paper X Thread," by Justin Wolfers (2020)."How a Famous Harvard Professor Became a Target Over His Tweets," by Michael Powell (New York Times, 2020)."Police Killings of Blacks: Here Is What the Data Say," by Sendhil Mullainathan (2015).SuperFreakonomics: Global Cooling, Patriotic Prostitutes, and Why Suicide Bombers Should Buy Life Insurance, by Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner (2011).Rational Ritual: Culture, Coordination, and Common Knowledge, by Michael Suk-Young Chwe (2003)."Open Letter to the LSA." EXTRAS:"Steven Pinker: 'I Manage My Controversy Portfolio Carefully,'" by People I (Mostly) Admire (2020). Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Send us a textThis episode explores Stanford University research on how scarcity thinking creates a "tunneling effect" that limits our ability to see opportunities, based on Dr. Sendhil Mullainathan's work on cognitive bandwidth. Learn three practical techniques: Gratitude Inventory Method, Collaboration Over Competition Practice, and Possibility Expansion Technique to shift from scarcity to abundance mindset. As Oprah Winfrey reminds us, focusing on what we have leads to having more!Thank you for spending your valuable time with us. We truly appreciate your attention and support. Stay connected with us everywhere! Click the link below to access all our platforms in one place:https://linktr.ee/yourthoughtlifeRemember, you are enough, you can do it, and you are uniquely equipped to realize your goals. Let's continue this journey together!

Nour Abdul-Razzak talks about her research on a cognitive behavioral therapy program called Choose to Change. “Longer-term Impacts of a Youth Behavioral Science Intervention: Experimental Evidence from Chicago” by Nour Abdul-Razzak, Brandon Domash, Kelly Hallberg, and Cristobal Pinto Poehls. OTHER RESEARCH WE DISCUSS IN THIS EPISODE: Scarcity: Why having too little means so much by Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir. “Thinking, fast and slow? Some field experiments to reduce crime and dropout in Chicago” by Sara B. Heller, Anuj K. Shah, Jonathan Guryan, Jens Ludwig, Sendhil Mullainathan, and Harold A. Pollack. “Reducing crime and violence: Experimental evidence from cognitive behavioral therapy in Liberia” by Christopher Blattman, Julian C. Jamison, and Margaret Sheridan. “Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Reduces Crime and Violence over Ten Years: Experimental Evidence” by Christopher Blattman, Sebastian Chaskel, Julian C. Jamison, and Margaret Sheridan. “Predicting and Preventing Gun Violence: An Experimental Evaluation of READI Chicago" by Monica P. Bhatt, Sara B. Heller, Max Kapustin, Marianne Bertrand, and Christopher Blattman. Probable Causation Episode 88: Sara Heller and Max Kapustin. "Therapy to Reduce Violence and Improve Institutional Safety During Incarceration" by Bill Evans, Tyler Giles, and Rebecca Margolit-Chan. "Can Recidivism be Prevented from Behind Bars? Evidence from a Behavioral Program" by William Arbour. Probable Causation Episode 102: William Arbour. "'Something Works' in U.S. Jails: Misconduct and Recidivism Effects of the IGNITE Program" by Marcella Alsan, Arkey Barnett, Peter Hull, Crystal S. Yang. Probable Causation Episode 113: Peter Hull . “A Cognitive View of Policing” by Oeindrila Dube, Sandy Jo MacArthur, and Anuj Shah. Probable Causation Episode 104: Oeindrila Dube.

Jens Ludwig has an idea for how to fix America's gun violence problem — and it starts by rejecting conventional wisdom from both sides of the political aisle.  SOURCES:Jens Ludwig, professor of economics at the University of Chicago and director of the University of Chicago Crime Lab. RESOURCES:Unforgiving Places: The Unexpected Origins of American Gun Violence, by Jens Ludwig (2025)."Scope Challenges to Social Impact," by Monica Bhatt, Jonathan Guryan, Jens Ludwig, and Anuj Shah (National Bureau of Economic Research, 2021)."Citywide cluster randomized trial to restore blighted vacant land and its effects on violence, crime, and fear," by Charles Branas, Eugenia South, Michelle Kondo, Bernadette Hohl, Philippe Bourgois, Douglas Wiebe, and John MacDonald (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2018)."Thinking, Fast and Slow? Some Field Experiments to Reduce Crime and Dropout in Chicago," by Sara Heller, Anuj Shah, Jonathan Guryan, Jens Ludwig, Sendhil Mullainathan, and Harold Pollack (Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2016).Thinking, Fast and Slow, by Daniel Kahneman (2013)."Homicide and Suicide Rates Associated With Implementation of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act," by Jens Ludwig and Philip Cook (Journal of the American Medical Association, 2000).The Death and Life of Great American Cities, by Jane Jacobs (1992).The University of Chicago Crime Lab."Becoming a Man" (University of Chicago Crime Lab). EXTRAS:"Do the Police Have a Management Problem?" by Freakonomics Radio (2023)."From prison to Ph.D, this activist fights for peace in Chicago," by Kenya Downs (PBS News, 2016).

Rachel Nesbit talks about the effects of mandating mental health treatment for probationers. “The Role of Mandated Mental Health Treatment in the Criminal Justice System” by Rachel Nesbit. OTHER RESEARCH WE DISCUSS IN THIS EPISODE: “Calgary Diversion Program: A Community-Based Alternative to Incarceration for Mentally Ill Offenders” by Craig Mitton, Liz Simpson, Leslie Gardner, Fran Barnes, and Gerald McDougall. “Mental Health Treatment and Criminal Justice Outcomes” by Richard G. Frank and Thomas G. McGuire. “Thinking, Fast and Slow? Some Field Experiments to Reduce Crime and Dropout in Chicago" by Sara B. Heller, Anuj K. Shah, Jonathan Guryan, Jens Ludwig, Sendhil Mullainathan, and Harold A. Pollack. “Effectiveness of Using Incentives to Improve Parolee Admission and Attendance in Community Addiction Treatment” by Michael L. Prendergast, Elizabeth A. Hall, Jason Grossman, Robert Veliz, Liliana Gregorio, Umme S. Warda, Kory Van Unen, and Chloe Knight. “A Randomized Trial of the Effectiveness of Using Incentives to Reinforce Parolee Attendance in Community Addiction Treatment: Impact on Post-treatment Outcomes” by Elizabeth A. Hall, Michael L. Prendergast, and Umme Warda. “A Randomized Trial of Probation Case Management for Drug-involved Women Offenders” by Joseph Guydish, Monica Chan, Alan Bostrom, Martha A. Jessup, Thomas B. Davis, and Cheryl Marsh. “The First 90 Days Following Release from Jail: Findings from the Recovery Management Checkups for Women Offenders (RMCWO) Experiment” by Christy K. Scott and Michael L. Dennis. "Can Recidivism Be Prevented From Behind Bars? Evidence From a Behavioral Program" by William Arbour. Probable Causation Episode 102: William Arbour. “Reducing the Burden of Mental Illness on the Criminal Justice System: Evidence from Light-Touch Outreach” by Mary Kate Batistich, William N. Evans and David C. Phillips. Probable Causation Episode 67: David Phillips. “Mental Health and Criminal Involvement: Evidence from Losing Medicaid Eligibility” by Elisa Jácome. Probable Causation Episode 60: Elisa Jácome. "In-Kind Welfare Benefits and Reincarceration Risk: Evidence from Medicaid" by Marguerite Burns and Laura Dague. Probable Causation Episode 103: Marguerite Burns and Laura Dague.

Everyone is talking about A.I. now, but what we haven't heard is an updated, informed discussion of what, exactly, it will do to the sports world. So in our first on-stage episode, at the MIT Sloan Sports Analytics Conference, Pablo hosts an actual verified genius... and a pioneering NBA executive who gets to be sarcastically referred to as one. We discover how the Philadelphia 76ers already consult large language models, why artificial general intelligence is actually unambitious and much more. But rest assured: At this moment of tension between entertainment and efficiency, the forecast is Kyle Lowry with a chance of Gasol. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Everyone is talking about A.I. now, but what we haven't heard is an updated, informed discussion of what, exactly, it will do to the sports world. So in our first on-stage episode, at the MIT Sloan Sports Analytics Conference, Pablo hosts an actual verified genius... and a pioneering NBA executive who gets to be sarcastically referred to as one. We discover how the Philadelphia 76ers already consult large language models, why artificial general intelligence is actually unambitious and much more. But rest assured: At this moment of tension between entertainment and efficiency, the forecast is Kyle Lowry with a chance of Gasol. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Everyone is talking about A.I. now, but what we haven't heard is an updated, informed discussion of what, exactly, it will do to the sports world. So in our first on-stage episode, at the MIT Sloan Sports Analytics Conference, Pablo hosts an actual verified genius... and a pioneering NBA executive who gets to be sarcastically referred to as one. We discover how the Philadelphia 76ers already consult large language models, why artificial general intelligence is actually unambitious and much more. But rest assured: At this moment of tension between entertainment and efficiency, the forecast is Kyle Lowry with a chance of Gasol. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Peter Hull talks about the effects of a jail-based education program called IGNITE. “'Something Works' in U.S. Jails: Misconduct and Recidivism Effects of the IGNITE Program” by Marcella Alsan, Arkey Barnett, Peter Hull, and Crystal Yang. OTHER RESEARCH WE DISCUSS IN THIS EPISODE: “What Works? Questions and Answers about Prison Reform” by Robert Martinson. “Incarceration, Recidivism, and Employment” by Manudeep Bhuller, Gordon B. Dahl, Katrine V. Løken, and Magne Mogstad. “Thinking, Fast and Slow? Some Field Experiments to Reduce Crime and Dropout in Chicago” by Sara B. Heller, Anuj K. Shah, Jonathan Guryan, Jens Ludwig, Sendhil Mullainathan, and Harold A. Pollack.

This week, Elon Musk—amidst his other duties of gutting United States federal government agencies as head of the “Department of Government Efficiency” (DOGE)—announced a hostile bid alongside a consortium of buyers to purchase control of OpenAI for $97.4 billion. OpenAI CEO Sam Altman vehemently replied that his company is not for sale.The artificial intelligence landscape is shifting rapidly. The week prior, American tech stocks plummeted in response to claims from Chinese company DeepSeek AI that its model had matched OpenAI's performance at a fraction of the cost. Days before that, President Donald Trump announced that OpenAI, Oracle, and Softbank would partner on an infrastructure project to power AI in the U.S. with an initial $100 billion investment. Altman himself is trying to pull off a much-touted plan to convert the nonprofit OpenAI into a for-profit entity, a development at the heart of his spat with Musk, who co-founded the startup.Bethany and Luigi discuss the implications of this changing landscape by reflecting on a prior Capitalisn't conversation with Luigi's former colleague Sendhil Mullainathan (now at MIT), who forecasted over a year ago that there would be no barriers to entry in AI. Does DeepSeek's success prove him right? How does the U.S. government's swift move to ban DeepSeek from government devices reflect how we should weigh national interests at the risk of hindering innovation and competition? Musk has the ear of Trump and a history of animosity with Altman over the direction of OpenAI. Does Musk's proposed hostile takeover signal that personal interests and relationships with American leadership will determine how AI develops in the U.S. from here on out? What does regulating AI in the collective interest look like, and can we escape a future where technology is consolidated in the hands of the wealthy few when billions of dollars in capital are required for its progress?Show Notes:On ProMarket, check out:Why Musk Is Right About OpenAI by Luigi Zingales, March 5, 2024Who Will Enforce AI's Social Purpose? By Roberto Tallarita, March 16, 2024

Most gun deaths aren't premeditated, so how can we stop gun violence before it happens? The University of Chicago economist Jens Ludwig makes the case for thinking differently about the source of America's gun-violence problem.  Further reading:  Unforgiving Places: The Unexpected Origins of American Gun Violence, by Jens Ludwig  Thinking, Fast and Slow, by Daniel Kahneman  Scarcity: Why Having Too Little Means So Much, by Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir The study behind Ludwig's Good on Paper answer: “The Effect of Mentoring on School Attendance and Academic Outcomes: A Randomized Evaluation of the Check & Connect Program”   Get more from your favorite Atlantic voices when you subscribe. You'll enjoy unlimited access to Pulitzer-winning journalism, from clear-eyed analysis and insight on breaking news to fascinating explorations of our world. Subscribe today at TheAtlantic.com/podsub. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Roman Rivera talks about the effects of electronic monitoring for US pretrial defendants. “Release, Detain, or Surveil? The Effect of Electronic Monitoring on Defendant Outcomes” by Roman Rivera. OTHER RESEARCH WE DISCUSS IN THIS EPISODE: "The Effects of Pretrial Detention on Conviction, Future Crime, and Employment: Evidence from Randomly Assigned Judges" by Will Dobbie, Jacob Goldin, and Crystal S. Yang. “Criminal Recidivism after Prison and Electronic Monitoring” by Rafael Di Tella and Ernesto Schargrodsky. “Better at Home Than in Prison? The Effects of Electronic Monitoring on Recidivism in France” by Anaïs Henneguelle, Benjamin Monnery, and Annie Kensey. “Can Electronic Monitoring Reduce Reoffending?” by Jenny Williams and Don Weatherburn. Probable Causation Episode 79: Jenny Williams. “The Effects of Electronic Monitoring on Offenders and Their Families" by Julien Grenet, Hans Grönqvist, and Susan Niknami. "Human Decisions and Machine Predictions" by Jon Kleinberg, Himabindu Lakkaraju, Jure Leskovec, Jens Ludwig, Sendhil Mullainathan. "Algorithmic Risk Assessments and the Double-Edged Sword of Youth" by Megan T. Stevenson and Christopher Slobogin. "The Effects of Parental and Sibling Incarceration: Evidence from Ohio" by Samuel Norris, Matthew Pecenco, and Jeffrey Weaver.

Jess here, hosting my entire extended family for the holiday weekend and sending love to you and yours. Enjoy this #WriterGift flashback!It's the gifts episode! Here are the links you're looking for:KJ:Redbubble ❄️ Stamp blocks ❄️ Stamp blanks and stencils ❄️ Frixion Pens ❄️ Leuchterm plannerJess:Sarina's Socks ❄️ Half Broke by Ginger Gaffney (for KJ, but Jess loved it, too!) ❄️ Fillion planner cover by Little Mountain Bindery ❄️ Jess's favorite sticky tabs ❄️ Pens by Schneider ❄️ Sarina's stamp with the kinda-sorta True North Series three pine tree logo ❄️ The “Begin” mug Jess wants a case of.Sarina:Hedgehog Pencil Holder ❄️ Post-its that fit over planner months ❄️ Corkicle (it doesn't come with the sticker, sorry…)#AmReadingJess: Scarcity: The New Science of Having Less and How It Defines Our Lives by Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar ShafirKJ: The Other Bennet Sister by Janice HadlowSarina: The Girl with Stars in Her Eyes by Xio AxelrodZowie! Thanks for listening. If you want to check out our last gift episodes (and guides), click the years: 2019 2018 2017.If you've got other ideas we should know about, share them in the #AmWriting Facebook group.And if you'd like to subscribe to the shownotes email or support the podcast, click the button.To give a subscription as a gift, click THIS button!Big news, #AmWriters: our guided Blueprint for a Book Challenge was such a hit this past summer that we're going to run it again in January! Plus, we're adding even more interactive elements so you can connect with other writers.It's a great way to start or refine a book idea, get some professional guidance from our Author Accelerator coaches, and stay motivated to do the hard work of thinking before you write.Whether you're writing fiction, nonfiction or memoir - this challenge could be just the thing you need. We will be launching in early January, so stay tuned to these podcasts for all the details, check the show notes, and make sure that you are a supporter of the #AmWriting Podcast, so that when it comes to January, you'll be ready to go. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit amwriting.substack.com/subscribe

Neel Doshi reveals how to build and sustain high performing cultures through total motivation. — YOU'LL LEARN — 1) The six motives at the root of culture 2) How to use metrics the wrong and right way 3) The questions that kill motivation Subscribe or visit AwesomeAtYourJob.com/ep1013 for clickable versions of the links below. — ABOUT NEEL — Neel is the co-founder of Vega Factor and co-author of bestselling book, Primed to Perform: How to Build the Highest Performing Cultures Through the Science of Total Motivation. Previously, Neel was a Partner at McKinsey & Company, CTO and founding member of an award-winning tech startup, and employee of several mega-institutions. He studied engineering at MIT and received his MBA from Wharton. In his spare time, he's an avid yet mediocre woodworker and photographer.• Book: Primed to Perform: How to Build the Highest Performing Cultures Through the Science of Total Motivation• Website: Factor.ai— RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THE SHOW — • Study: “Poverty impedes cognitive function” by Anandi Mani, Sendhil Mullainathan, Eldar Shafir, and Jiaying Zhao• Book: Pattern Breakers: Why Some Start-Ups Change the Future by Mike Maples and Peter Ziebelman— THANK YOU, SPONSORS! —• Lingoda. Visit try.lingoda.com/Awesome and save up to 20% off your sign up fee! Plus, get an extra $25 off with the code AWESOME • LinkedIn Jobs. Post your job for free at LinkedIn.com/beawesome• Jenni Kayne. Use the code AWESOME15 to get 15% off your order!See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Revisiting Steve's 2021 conversation with the economist and MacArthur “genius” about how to make memories stickier, why change is undervalued, and how to find something new to say on the subject of scarcity. SOURCE:Sendhil Mullainathan, university professor of computation and behavioral science at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. RESOURCES:"Fictional Money, Real Costs: Impacts of Financial Salience on Disadvantaged Students," by Claire Duquennois (American Economic Review, 2022)."Do Financial Concerns Make Workers Less Productive?" by Supreet Kaur, Sendhil Mullainathan, Suanna Oh, and Frank Schilbach (NBER Working Paper, 2022).Subtract: The Untapped Science of Less, by Leidy Klotz (2021)."Heads or Tails: The Impact of a Coin Toss on Major Life Decisions and Subsequent Happiness," by Steve Levitt (NBER Working Paper, 2016).Scarcity: Why Having Too Little Means So Much, by Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir (2013)."The End of History Illusion," by Jordi Quoidbach, Daniel T. Gilbert, and Timothy D. Wilson (Science, 2013). EXTRAS:"Leidy Klotz on Why the Best Solutions Involve Less — Not More," by People I (Mostly) Admire (2021)."Sendhil Mullainathan Explains How to Generate an Idea a Minute," by People I (Mostly) Admire (2021).

As AI continues to permeate various aspects of society, its impact on decision-making, bias, and future technological developments is complex. How can we navigate the challenges posed by AI, particularly when it comes to fairness and bias in algorithms? What insights can be drawn from the intersection of economics, computer science, and behavioral studies to guide the responsible development and use of AI?In this episode, Sendhil Mullainathan, a prominent economist and professor, delves into these pressing issues. He shares his journey from computer science to behavioral economics and discusses the role of AI in shaping the future of decision-making and societal structures. Sendhil provides a nuanced view of algorithmic bias, its origins, and the challenges in mitigating it. He also explores the potential and pitfalls of AI in healthcare and policymaking, offering insights into how we can harness AI for the greater good while being mindful of its limitations.0:00 - Start1:51 - Introducing Sendhil14:20 - Algorithmic bias29:20 - Handling Bias41:57 - AI and Decision Making57:01 - AI in our Future1:02:29 - Conclusion and the last question

Chapter 1What is ScarcityIn the thought-provoking book Scarcity by Sendhil Mullainathan, readers are taken on a journey to explore the powerful effects of scarcity on our decision-making and behavior. Through engaging storytelling, Mullainathan highlights how experiencing scarcity – whether it be for time, money, or any other resource – can lead to tunnel vision, making it difficult to see beyond immediate needs. This narrow focus can have profound implications, leading to poor decision-making and reinforcing a cycle of scarcity. By understanding the psychology behind scarcity, readers are encouraged to reevaluate how they approach scarcity in their own lives and make more informed choices. Scarcity is not just about lacking something; it's about how that lack impacts our thoughts and actions. Mullainathan's insights provide a fresh perspective on an age-old problem, shedding light on the complexities of scarcity and its far-reaching consequences.Chapter 2 Meet the Writer of ScarcitySendhil Mullainathan masterfully utilizes his writing skills and language style to effectively convey the emotions and meanings of scarcity. Through his concise and engaging writing, he is able to capture the feeling of lack and deprivation that comes with scarcity, while also highlighting the impactful consequences it can have on individuals and societies. Mullainathan's use of clear and relatable language helps readers easily connect with the subject matter, driving home the importance of understanding and addressing the challenges of scarcity. Overall, his adept use of writing and language enhances the reader's experience and deepens their understanding of this complex and pervasive issue.Chapter 3 Deeper Understanding of ScarcityScarcity has had a profound influence on literature, culture, and society throughout history. The concept of scarcity, or the limited availability of resources, has often been a central theme in literature, reflecting the struggles and tensions that arise when resources are limited. This concept has also played a significant role in shaping cultural values and societal structures.In literature, scarcity is often a driving force behind characters' actions and motivations. Whether it be a scarcity of food, money, or love, authors use scarcity to create conflict and drive plots forward. In dystopian literature, scarcity is often a central theme, highlighting the consequences of a society where resources are scarce and competition for them is fierce.In culture, scarcity has influenced everything from art to fashion. In times of scarcity, people have had to find creative ways to make do with limited resources, leading to the development of unique art forms and styles. Scarcity has also shaped cultural values, with some societies valuing frugality and resourcefulness in the face of scarcity.In society, scarcity has had a significant impact on fields such as economics and politics. The concept of scarcity is central to economic theory, influencing decisions about resource allocation and distribution. Scarcity has also played a role in shaping political systems, with debates about how to address scarcity often at the center of policy discussions.Overall, scarcity has had a lasting influence on literature, culture, and society, shaping the way people think and behave in the face of limited resources. As societies continue to grapple with issues of scarcity, its influence is likely to remain a central theme in a wide range of fields.Chapter 4 Other Accessible Resources1. "Scarcity: The New Science of Having Less and How It Defines Our Lives" by Sendhil Mullainathan on Amazon2. "Scarcity: The New Science of Having Less and How It Defines Our Lives" book review on The New York Times3. "The Mental Strain of Making Do With Less" article on NPR discussing Sendhil...

Greetings listeners! It is a pleasure to introduce this week's guest on the podcast, Ashesh Rambachan, an assistant professor of economics at MIT. I wanted to talk to Ashesh for two main reasons. First, because I wanted to, and second, because I was aware of some of his recent work in econometrics. His recent article on evaluating the fragility of parallel trends in difference-in-differences just came out in the Review of Economic Studies. I'm also intrigued by his work with Sendhil Mullainathan on machine learning, algorithmic fairness as well as generative AI. Having a specialist in both causal inference, artificial intelligence and machine learning is rare, so I thought sitting down with him to learn more about his story would be a lot of fun, not just for me, but for others too. With that said, here you go! I hope you enjoy the interview! Thank you again for all your support!Scott's Substack is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Get full access to Scott's Substack at causalinf.substack.com/subscribe

In this episode I'm joined by Collette Philip who runs multi award-winning anti-racist brand and strategy consultancy, Brand By Me. Brand by Me help organisations harness the power of brand strategy to embed anti-racism, drive equity and tackle injustice. In the first half of the podcast we hear from Collette about social justice, social responsibility through the work of her consultancy, we discuss what this means for small and micro businesses and Collette leads by example sharing how she's audited her own consultancy which is now in it's eighth year, and how you can do the same. In the second half we start to think about online spaces, racism, psychological safety and positionality (and why this is more helpful than thinking of privilege), and we do this by taking a look the words one of my black participants used to describe being 'pushed up a ladder' and how harmful ultra visibility can be for black women in online spaces when leaders expect minoritised people to work for free to effect change. This is honestly such a brilliant conversation, with metaphors about sharks, scarcity mindset and much more. Collette and I mention the following people, and reccomend their books and blogs as further readingSkin In The Game by Nassim Nicholas Taleb Nova Reid on substack Sway by Pragya AgarwalScarcity by Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar ShafirYou can also find Collettes blog 'Doing the work' over on substack For more psychological insights and to connect with Leila Ainge, visit www.leilaainge.co.uk and follow her on Instagram @leilaainge / Linkedin and substackPsychologically Speaking is proudly produced by Buckers at Decibelle Creative www.decibellecreative.com / @decibelle_creative / Linkedin

Oeindrila Dube is the Philip K. Pearson Professor at the University of Chicago's Harris School of Public Policy. http://odube.net In this episode, we discuss Prof. Dube's research on a cognitive behavioral training program for police.   “A Cognitive View of Policing” by Oeindrila Dube, Sandy Jo MacArthur, and Anuj Shah. https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/ktomnokei9m85dodec63b/A_Cognitive_View_of_Policing_August11.pdf?rlkey=npv33jc9pd639q9ebq95ljktg&dl=0 Other research we discuss in this episode:  "Thinking, fast and slow? Some field experiments to reduce crime and dropout in Chicago" by Sara B. Heller, Anuj K. Shah, Jonathan Guryan, Jens Ludwig, Sendhil Mullainathan, and Harold A. Pollack. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw033 "Can You Build a Better Cop?" by Emily Owens, David Weisburd, Karen L. Amendola, and Geoffrey P. Alpert.  https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12337 "The Impacts of Implicit Bias Awareness Training in the NYPD" by Robert E. Worden, Sarah J. McLean, Robin S. Engel, Hannah Cochran, Nicholas Corsaro, Danielle Reynolds, Cynthia J. Najdowski, and Gabrielle T. Isaza.  https://www.nyc.gov/assets/nypd/downloads/pdf/analysis_and_planning/impacts-of-implicit-bias-awareness-training-in-%20the-nypd.pdf "The impact of implicit bias-oriented diversity training on police officers' beliefs, motivations, and actions" by Calvin K. Lai and Jaclyn A. Lisnek. https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976221150617 "Does De-escalation Training Work?" by Robin S. Engel, Hannah D. McManus, and Tamara D. Herold.  https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12467 "Assessing the Impact of De-escalation Training on Police Behavior: Reducing Police Use of Force in the Louisville, KY Metro Police Department" by Robin S. Engel, Nicholas Corsaro, Gabrielle T. Isaza, and Hannah D. McManus. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12574 “Reducing crime and violence: Experimental evidence from cognitive behavioral therapy in Liberia” by Christopher Blattman, Julian C. Jamison, and Margaret Sheridan. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257%2Faer.20150503 "Can Recidivism Be Prevented From Behind Bars? Evidence From a Behavioral Program" by William Arbour. https://github.com/williamarbour/JMP/blob/main/JMP_WilliamArbour_recent.pdf Probable Causation Episode 102: William Arbour https://www.probablecausation.com/podcasts/episode-102-william-arbour "Peer Effects in Police Use of Force" by Justin E. Holz, Roman G. Rivera, and Bocar A. Ba. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pol.20200227 "The Effect of Field Training Officers on Police Use of Force" by Chandon Adger, Matthew Ross, and CarlyWill Sloan. https://github.com/carlywillsloan/FTO/blob/main/training_220314%20(11).pdf Probable Causation Episode 90: Matthew Ross https://www.probablecausation.com/podcasts/episode-90-matthew-ross

Sendhil Mullainathan does a lot of things, and he does them well. He's a professor of Computation and Behavioral Science at the University of Chicago's Booth School of Business. I originally talked to Sendhil for our podcast series, They Thought We Were Ridiculous. He was well-positioned to give his perspective on a contentious, interdisciplinary field of social science called “behavioral economics.” But nowadays, behavioral economics is mainstream, but Sendhil has continued to study big questions that cut across the typical academic boundaries between disciplines. We talk about AI, economics, and racial bias.You can listen to our full series on behavioral economics here (Sendhil's voice pops up in episodes 3 and 4).Also, the study we discuss testing racial discrimination in hiring practices was first reported in this 2003 paper in American Economic Review.For a transcript of this episode, visit this episode's page at: http://opinionsciencepodcast.com/episodes/Learn more about Opinion Science at http://opinionsciencepodcast.com/ and follow @OpinionSciPod on Twitter.

In the episode of The Brainy Business podcast, Cass Sunstein, a renowned legal scholar and behavioral economist, joined host Melina Palmer to discuss his new book, Look Again, and the concept of habituation and its impact on decision-making. Cass' extensive work in government and with businesses has provided him with a deep understanding of human behavior, making his insights invaluable for business leaders and decision-makers. The conversation delved into the significance of habituation, exploring how individuals become less sensitive to stimuli over time.  Cass highlighted the value of exploration and exploitation in learning and decision-making, emphasizing the impact of emotions on behavior and the role of diversity in decision-making processes. The episode provides valuable insights into how businesses can apply behavioral economics principles to enhance decision-making processes, ultimately shaping choices presented to individuals and influencing behavior in beneficial ways. Cass' expertise and perspectives make this episode a must-listen for business leaders seeking to understand and leverage human behavior insights for enhanced decision-making. In this episode: Understand the psychology behind decision-making for strategic advantage. Harness habituation to gain insights into customer perception and behavior. Appreciate the power of dishabituation for uncovering hidden opportunities. Master the balance between exploration and exploitation for effective learning. Leverage nudges to influence decision-making and drive positive outcomes. Show Notes: 00:00:00 - Introduction, Melina introduces Cass Sunstein, his background in behavioral economics, and his newest book Look Again. 00:04:26 - The power of habituation Cass explains the concept of habituation and its impact on how we perceive the world around us, using examples from everyday life. 00:06:15 - The importance of dishabituation Cass discusses the importance of dishabituation in appreciating the good things in life and addressing challenges, using examples from personal experiences and historical figures. 00:13:27 - Creativity and the Fosbury Flop Cass explores the concept of creativity and the importance of critical distance from existing practices, using the example of Olympic athlete Dick Fosbury and his innovative high jump technique. 00:15:56 - Fosbury Flop in Government Cass shares examples of how the Fosbury Flop concept has been applied in the government to drive innovation and improve efficiency, using specific policy examples. 00:16:36 - Creativity and Disruption Cass discusses how global entry and TSA precheck were developed by creative people, like disruptors who refuse to habituate and bring ideas from other areas. 00:17:43 - Exploration vs. Exploitation Cass explains the difference between exploiters and explorers, where exploiters stick to what they know, while explorers seek new experiences and habituate quickly. 00:21:07 - Bill Gates vs. Warren Buffett Cass shares how Bill Gates' wide-ranging reading list reflects an explorer, while Warren Buffett's focused recommendations align with an exploiter. 00:25:19 - Tips for Writing and Co-Authoring Cass advises to follow your excitement for a project, start writing even if it's difficult, and find co-authors who are enjoyable to work with and bring out the best in each other. 00:33:38 -  Conclusion, Melina's top insights from the conversation. What stuck with you while listening to the episode? What are you going to try? Come share it with Melina on social media -- you'll find her as @thebrainybiz everywhere and as Melina Palmer on LinkedIn. Thanks for listening. Don't forget to subscribe on Apple Podcasts or Android. If you like what you heard, please leave a review on iTunes and share what you liked about the show.  I hope you love everything recommended via The Brainy Business! Everything was independently reviewed and selected by me, Melina Palmer. So you know, as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. That means if you decide to shop from the links on this page (via Amazon or others), The Brainy Business may collect a share of sales or other compensation. Let's connect: Melina@TheBrainyBusiness.com The Brainy Business® on Facebook The Brainy Business on Twitter The Brainy Business on Instagram The Brainy Business on LinkedIn Melina on LinkedIn The Brainy Business on Youtube Connect with Cass:  X  LinkedIn Learn and Support The Brainy Business: Check out and get your copies of Melina's Books.  Get the Books Mentioned on (or related to) this Episode: Look Again, Cass Sunstein and Tali Sharot Nudge, Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein Scarcity, Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir  Possession, A.S. Byatt Radical Uncertainty, John Kay and Mervyn King Top Recommended Next Episode: Optimism Bias (ep 34) Already Heard That One? Try These:  Nudge (ep 35) Incentives (ep 272) Understanding Mapping (ep 294) Defaults (ep 38) Give Feedback (ep 40) Expect Error (ep 362) Sludge (ep 179) Normalcy Bias (ep 370) Habits (ep 256) Wendy Wood Interview (ep 127) Other Important Links:  Brainy Bites - Melina's LinkedIn Newsletter  

Aurelie Ouss talks about using insights from behavioral economics to reduce failures-to-appear in court. This episode was first posted in January 2020. "Nudging Crime Policy: Reducing Failures to Appear for Court" by Alissa Fishbane, Aurelie Ouss, and Anuj K. Shah. (Available from the authors upon request.) Related policy paper: "Using Behavioral Science to Improve Criminal Justice Outcomes: Preventing Failures to Appear in Court" by Brice Cook, Binta Zahra Diop, Alissa Fishbane, Jonathan Hayes, Aurelie Ouss, and Anuj Shah. OTHER RESEARCH WE DISCUSS IN THIS EPISODE: "Bail, Jail, and Pretrial Misconduct: The Influence of Prosecutors" by Aurelie Ouss and Megan T. Stevenson. “Distortion of Justice: How the Inability to Pay Bail Affects Case Outcomes” by Megan T. Stevenson. “The Effects of Pretrial Detention on Conviction, Future Crime, and Employment: Evidence from Randomly Assigned Judges” by Will Dobbie, Jacob Goldin, and Crystal S. Yang. “The Unintended Impact of Pretrial Detention on Case Outcomes: Evidence from New York City Arraignments” by Emily Leslie and Nolan G. Pope. “The Downstream Consequences of Misdemeanor Pretrial Detention” by Paul Heaton, Sandra Mayson, and Megan Stevenson. Episode 4 of Probable Causation: Megan Stevenson "Thinking, Fast and Slow? Some Field Experiments to Reduce Crime and Dropout in Chicago" by Sara B. Heller, Anuj K. Shah, Jonathan Guryan, Jens Ludwig, Sendhil Mullainathan, and Harold A. Pollack. “Behavioral Biases and Legal Compliance: A Field Experiment” by Natalia Emanuel and Helen Ho.

In this episode of The Brainy Business Podcast, Melina Palmer digs into the psychology of time pressure and its effects on decision-making. She explains how time pressure creates a sense of scarcity and triggers loss aversion in the brain, leading to impulsive choices, especially during holiday shopping. Melina shares strategies to combat this, like setting a budget and creating a gift list to resist impulse buying. She also delves into how businesses can use time pressure to drive sales but emphasizes the need to test different approaches.  Melina also touches on the impact of time pressure on creativity and productivity, highlighting the importance of clear communication to reduce misunderstandings and time pressure. Her advice is helpful for anyone looking to make informed decisions and resist impulse buying during holiday shopping. Plus, her insights on leveraging time pressure for business are equally valuable. So, if you want to understand the psychology of time pressure and how to navigate it, this episode is definitely worth a listen! In this episode: Discover the psychology of time pressure to understand its impact on decision-making. Explore the influence of time pressure on consumer behavior and decision-making processes. Learn effective strategies to resist impulse buying and make informed purchasing decisions. Uncover how to leverage time pressure in marketing to drive consumer engagement and action. Find ways to reduce time pressure for increased productivity and better decision-making. Show Notes: 00:00:00 - Introduction This episode introduces the topic of time pressure and its impact on consumer behavior and decision-making. Melina shares her personal experience of feeling time pressure while buying concert tickets. 00:03:35 - The Complexity of Decision-Making The subconscious brain makes the majority of our decisions due to its faster processing speed. However, considering every facet of a decision would be overwhelming. Time pressure can lead to less effective decision-making and reduce creativity. 00:07:41 - Time Pressure and Consumer Behavior Time pressure during the holidays can influence consumer behavior. Limited quantities, daily deals, and shopping cart clocks create a sense of urgency. Under time pressure, people are more likely to make impulsive purchases and choose familiar, expensive options. 00:09:52 - Shifting Decision-Making Under Time Pressure Time pressure can reverse how we evaluate choices. With plenty of time, we tend to be risk-averse and focus on the risks of making a choice. However, under time pressure, we become loss-averse and fear missing out (FOMO), leading to impulsive buying behavior. 00:10:43 - Tips for Managing Time Pressure To manage time pressure during holiday shopping, create a gift list with spending limits. Plan ahead and have a list of stores to visit or browse online. Having a plan helps resist impulsive purchases and stay within budget. 00:15:52 - Importance of Promotions and Offers Promotions and offers are beneficial for businesses as they help consumers make decisions. Time pressure can be incorporated through discounts or limited-time offers, creating a sense of urgency. Countdowns and limited quantities also drive action. 00:18:15 - Effect of Time Pressure on Consumer Behavior Time pressure impacts decision-making by shifting individuals from being risk averse to loss averse. The perception of limited time changes behavior and motivates action. People are more likely to act quickly when faced with the possibility of missing out on an opportunity. 00:20:25 - Black Friday Deals and Year-End Offers Small businesses should consider if participating in Black Friday or year-end offers is necessary or beneficial. While big retailers are expected to have such deals, small businesses might get lost in the clutter. It's important to be thoughtful and not feel pressured to offer discounts that may result in operating at a loss. 00:22:53 - Impact of Time Pressure on Decision-Making Time pressure causes individuals to focus on extremes and make decisions based on worst-case and best-case scenarios. This may lead to less creativity and accuracy in decision-making. Working with more time allows for better planning and higher-quality outcomes. 00:26:41 - Overcoming Mindset Blocks and Alleviating Time Pressure Constantly being under time pressure can hinder productivity and quality of work. Overcoming mindset blocks and planning effectively can alleviate time pressure and improve creativity and decision-making.  00:31:02 - Evaluating Time Pressure Taking time to evaluate the impact of time pressure and asking key questions can help make confident decisions and use time pressure to your advantage. 00:31:53 - The Effects of Time Pressure Time pressure can hinder creativity, openness to change, and solid work in businesses. Clear communication and reducing unnecessary tasks can help alleviate time pressure. 00:33:02 - Misunderstood Emails Misunderstood emails contribute to wasted time and decreased productivity. Improving email clarity and simplicity can help reduce time pressure. 00:33:39 - Tips to Reduce Time Pressure Implementing strategies like clearer communication, simpler answers, and reducing unnecessary tasks can save significant time for employees. 00:34:46 - Conclusion Melina's top insights from the conversation. What stuck with you while listening to the episode? What are you going to try? Come share it with Melina on social media -- you'll find her as @thebrainybiz everywhere and as Melina Palmer on LinkedIn. Thanks for listening. Don't forget to subscribe on Apple Podcasts or Android. If you like what you heard, please leave a review on iTunes and share what you liked about the show.  I hope you love everything recommended via The Brainy Business! Everything was independently reviewed and selected by me, Melina Palmer. So you know, as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. That means if you decide to shop from the links on this page (via Amazon or others), The Brainy Business may collect a share of sales or other compensation. Let's connect: Melina@TheBrainyBusiness.com The Brainy Business® on Facebook The Brainy Business on Twitter The Brainy Business on Instagram The Brainy Business on LinkedIn Melina on LinkedIn The Brainy Business on Youtube Learn and Support The Brainy Business: Check out and get your copies of Melina's Books.  Get the Books Mentioned on (or related to) this Episode: Two Weeks Notice, by Amy Porterfield What Your Customer Wants and Can't Tell You, by Melina Palmer What Your Employees Need and Can't Tell You, by Melina Palmer The Power of Scarcity, by Mindy Weinstein Scarcity, by Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir  Top Recommended Next Episode: What Your Employees Need and Can't Tell You launch (ep 225)  Already Heard That One? Try These:  The Overwhelmed Brain and Its Impact on Decision Making (ep 358) Behavioral Economics Foundations: Loss Aversion (ep 316) Behavioral Economics Foundations: Framing (ep 296) How To Set Up Your Own Experiments (ep 63) How to Set, Achieve & Exceed Brainy Goals (ep 70) Behavioral Economics Foundations: Nudges and Choice Architecture (ep 35) Overview of Personal Biases (ep 45) Behavioral Economics Foundations: Scarcity (ep 270) What is Value? (ep 234) Behavioral Economics Foundations: Herding (ep 264) Mindy Weinstein Interview (ep 271) What Your Customer Wants and Can't Tell You (ep 147) The Truth About Pricing (ep 356) Other Important Links:  Brainy Bites - Melina's LinkedIn Newsletter Judgment and Decision Making Under Time Pressure Decision Making Under Time Pressure: A Model for Information Systems Research This Is Your Brain ‘On Sale' Decisions under Time Pressure: How Time Constraint Affects Risky Decision Making Searching for a Better Deal: on the Influence of Group Decision Making, Time Pressure and Gender in a Search Experiment The Effects of Time Pressure and Completeness of Information on Decision Making

William Arbour talks about how prison-based behavioral programs in Canada affect recidivism. "Can Recidivism Be Prevented From Behind Bars? Evidence From a Behavioral Program" by William Arbour. OTHER RESEARCH WE DISCUSS IN THIS EPISODE: “Thinking, fast and slow? Some field experiments to reduce crime and dropout in Chicago” by Sara B. Heller, Anuj K. Shah, Jonathan Guryan, Jens Ludwig, Sendhil Mullainathan, and Harold A. Pollack. “Reducing crime and violence: Experimental evidence from cognitive behavioral therapy in Liberia” by Christopher Blattman, Julian C. Jamison, and Margaret Sheridan. Probable Causation Episode 23: Lelys Dinarte. "One Size Doesn't Fit All – The Heterogeneous Effects of Prison Programs" by Michael LaForest-Tucker. [Working paper available from the author.] "Can Restorative Justice Conferencing Reduce Recidivism? Evidence From the Make-it-Right Program" by Yotam Shem-Tov, Steven Raphael, and Alissa Skog.

The firing, and subsequent rehiring, of OpenAI CEO Sam Altman raises fundamental questions about whose interests are relevant to the development of artificial intelligence and how these interests should be weighed if they hinder innovation. How should we govern innovation, or should we just not govern it at all? Did capitalism "win" in the OpenAI saga?Bethany and Luigi sit down with Luigi's colleague Sendhil Mullainathan, a professor of Computation and Behavioral Science at Chicago Booth. Together, they discuss if AI is really "intelligent" and whether a profit motive is always bad. In the process, they shed light on what it means to regulate in the collective interest and if we can escape the demands of capitalism when capital is the very thing that's required for progress.

Should you become an artist or an accountant? Did Sylvia Plath have to be depressed to write The Bell Jar? And what can Napoleon Dynamite teach us about the creative life? RESOURCES:"The Science of Why You Have Great Ideas in the Shower," by Stacey Colino (National Geographic, 2022)."So, You Think You're Not Creative?" by Duncan Wardle (Harvard Business Review, 2021)."The Correlation Between Arts and Crafts and a Nobel Prize," by Rosie Cima (Priceonomics, 2015)."Report: State of the American Workplace," by Gallup (2014)."Poverty Impedes Cognitive Function," by Anandi Mani, Sendhil Mullainathan, Eldar Shafir, and Jiaying Zhao (Science, 2013)."Forks in the Road: The Many Paths of Arts Alumni," by the Strategic National Arts Alumni Project (2011)."A Meta-Analysis of 25 Years of Mood-Creativity Research: Hedonic Tone, Activation, or Regulatory Focus?" by Matthijs Baas, Carsten K. W. De Dreu, and Bernard A. Nijstad (Psychological Bulletin, 2008)."The Relationship Between Creativity and Mood Disorders," by Nancy C. Andreasen (Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 2008)."The Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions," by Barbara Fredrickson (Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 2004)."Happiness and Creativity: Going With the Flow," by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (The Futurist, 1997).EXTRAS:"Why Are Rich Countries So Unhappy?" by No Stupid Questions (2022)."Do You Really Need a Muse to Be Creative?" by No Stupid Questions (2021)."Does All Creativity Come From Pain?" by No Stupid Questions (2020)."How To Be Creative," series by Freakonomics Radio (2018-2019)."How to Be Happy," by Freakonomics Radio (2018).Napoleon Dynamite, film by Jared Hess (2004).The Bell Jar, by Sylvia Plath (1963).Connections, game by The New York Times. 

This podcast is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source. We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time. ■Reference Source https://www.ted.com/talks/sendhil_mullainathan_solving_social_problems_with_a_nudge ■Post on this topic (You can get FREE learning materials!) https://englist.me/186-academic-words-reference-from-sendhil-mullainathan-solving-social-problems-with-a-nudge-ted-talk/ ■Youtube Video https://youtu.be/IA0Bd8zjJsw (All Words) https://youtu.be/C7Zy835qJGc (Advanced Words) https://youtu.be/1mvDEzynt9s (Quick Look) ■Top Page for Further Materials https://englist.me/ ■SNS (Please follow!)

Elisa Jácome talks about how access to mental health care affects criminal behavior. This episode was first posted in November 2021. “Mental Health and Criminal Involvement: Evidence from Losing Medicaid Eligibility” by Elisa Jácome. OTHER RESEARCH WE DISCUSS IN THIS EPISODE: “Homeward: Life in the Year After Prison” by Bruce Western. “Thinking, Fast and Slow? Some Field Experiments to Reduce Crime and Dropout in Chicago” by Sara B. Heller, Anuj K. Shah, Jonathan Guryan, Jens Ludwig, Sendhil Mullainathan, and Harold A. Pollack. ”Youth depression and future criminal behavior” by D. Mark Anderson, Resul Cesur, and Erdal Tekin. “Substance Abuse Treatment Centers and Local Crime” by Samuel R. Bondurant, Jason M. Lindo, and Isaac D. Swensen. ”The FDA and ABCs Unintended Consequences of Antidepressant Warnings on Human Capital” by Susan Busch, Ezra Golberstein, and Ellen Meara. ”Consequences of Eliminating Federal Disability Benefits for Substance Abusers” by Pinka Chatterji and EllenMeara. ”Long-Term Consequences of Childhood ADHD on Criminal Activities” by Jason Fletcher and Barbara Wolfe. “A Cure for Crime? Psycho-Pharmaceuticals and Crime Trends” by Dave E. Marcotte,Sara Markowitz. ”Psychiatric Disorders in Youth in Juvenile Detention” by Linda A. Teplin, Karen M. Abram, Gary M. McClelland, Mina K. Dulcan, and Amy A. Mericle. ”Access to Health Care and Criminal Behavior: Short-Run Evidence from the ACA Medicaid Expansions” by Jacob Vogler. ”The effect of medicaid expansion on crime reduction: Evidence from hifa-waiver expansions” by Hefei Wen, Jason M. Hockenberry, Janet R. Cummings. ”The Effect of Public Health Insurance on Criminal Recidivism” by Erkmen Giray Aslim, Murat C. Mungan, Carlos Navarro, and Han Yu. ”The effect of health insurance on crime: Evidence from the affordable care act medicaid expansion” by Qiwei He and Scott Barkowski. “Local access to mental healthcare and crime” by Monica Deza, Johanna Catherine Maclean, and Keisha T. Solomon. “The Impact of Youth Medicaid Eligibility on Adult Incarceration” by Samuel Arenberg, Seth Neller, and Sam Stripling. “The Health Effects of Prison” by Randi Hjalmarsson and Matthew Lindquist. Probable Causation Episode 41: Matthew Lindquist.

Chapter 1 What is Scarcity about"Scarcity: Why Having Too Little Means So Much" is a book written by Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir. It explores the concept of scarcity and its impact on individuals' thoughts, behaviors, and overall well-being. The authors argue that scarcity, whether it is related to time, money, or other resources, creates a cognitive load that impairs decision-making and leads to a perpetuation of poverty and disadvantage. The book delves into various aspects of scarcity, including its effects on attention, focus, and cognitive bandwidth. It also examines how scarcity affects individuals across different domains of life, such as education, health, and personal finances. The authors provide numerous real-life examples and research findings to illustrate the profound and often unexpected consequences of living with limited resources. Through their analysis, Mullainathan and Shafir highlight the importance of understanding the psychology of scarcity and offer insights into how policies and interventions can be designed to mitigate its negative effects. By shedding light on the complexities of scarcity, the book encourages readers to reconsider their perceptions of poverty and consider new strategies for addressing its underlying causes. Overall, "Scarcity: Why Having Too Little Means So Much" offers a thought-provoking exploration of the psychological, social, and economic implications of scarcity. It provides valuable insights into the ways in which scarcity shapes our lives and presents opportunities for creating positive change.Chapter 2 Is Scarcity A Good Book"Scarcity: Why Having Too Little Means So Much" by Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir is generally well-regarded and has received positive reviews. The book explores the concept of scarcity and its impact on various aspects of our lives, such as cognitive bandwidth, decision-making, and poverty. It delves into how scarcity affects our ability to focus, plan for the future, and make rational choices. By examining scarcity through psychological and economic lenses, the authors provide insights into its consequences and potential solutions. If you're interested in understanding the effects of scarcity and gaining a deeper understanding of its implications, "Scarcity" may be worth considering. However, reading reviews, summaries, or excerpts can help you decide if it aligns with your specific interests and expectations.Chapter 3 Scarcity ReviewThis article delves into the concept of scarcity and its profound effects on various aspects of our lives, drawing inspiration from the book titled [Book Title]. Through an exploration of scarcity's implications on economics, psychology, decision-making, and resource allocation, we uncover the complexities and challenges associated with limited resources. By understanding the principles behind scarcity, readers can gain valuable insights into how it shapes our behavior, influences markets, and offers opportunities for innovative solutions.Chapter 4 Author of Scarcity The book "Scarcity: Why Having Too Little Means So Much" is co-authored by Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir. It was first published in 2013. Sendhil Mullainathan is an economist and professor of Computation and Behavioral Science at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. He has made significant contributions to the field of behavioral economics and has received numerous awards for his work,...

Marcella Alsan talks about how Secure Communities affected take-up of safety net programs. “Fear and the Safety Net: Evidence from Secure Communities” by Marcella Alsan and Crystal S. Yang. *** Probable Causation is part of Doleac Initiatives, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. If you enjoy the show, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution. Thank you for supporting our work! *** OTHER RESEARCH WE DISCUSS IN THIS EPISODE: “Immigration Enforcement and Economic Resources of Children with Likely Unauthorized Parents” by Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, Esther Arenas-Arroyo, and Almudena Sevilla. “Distributing the Green (Cards): Permanent Residency and Personal Income Taxes After the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986” by Elizabeth Cascio and Ethan Lewis. “Inside the Refrigerator: Immigration Enforcement and Chilling in Immigrant Medicaid Participation” by Tara Watson. “Immigration and the Welfare State: Immigrant Participation in Means-Tested Entitlement Programs” by George Borjas and Lynette Hilton. “Network Effects and Welfare Cultures” by Marianne Bertrand, Erzo Luttmer, and Sendhil Mullainathan. “Understanding the Quality of Alternative Citizenship Data Sources for the 2020 Census” by J. David Brown, Misty Heggeness, Suzanne Dorinski, and Lawrence Warren. “Does Welfare Prevent Crime? The Criminal Justice Outcomes of Youth Removed from SSI” by Manasi Deshpande and Michael Mueller-Smith. “Does Immigration Enforcement Reduce Crime? Evidence from Secure Communities” by Thomas J. Miles and Adam B. Cox. “Unintended Consequences of Immigration Enforcement: Household Services and High-Educated Mothers' Work” by Chloe East and Andrea Velasquez. “The Labor Market Effects of Immigration Enforcement” by Chloe East, Philip Luck, Hani Mansour, and Andrea Velasquez. “Immigration Enforcement and Public Safety” by Felipe Gonçalves, Elisa Jácome, and Emily Weisburst. [Draft available from the authors]. “Immigration Enforcement and the Institutionalization of Elderly Americans” by Abdulmohsen Almuhaisen, Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, and Delia Furtado. [Draft available from the authors] “Take-up and Targeting: Experimental Evidence from SNAP” by Amy Finkelstein and Matthew J. Notowidigdo. “Reducing Ordeals through Automatic Enrollment: Evidence from a Subsidized Health Insurance Exchange” by Mark Shepard and Myles Wagner.  

In today's conversation, I am joined by Dr. Merle van den Akker. Merle is a behavioral scientist who has recently completed a Ph.D. at the Warwick Business School, studying the effect of different payment methods on personal finance management. She decided to leave academia to apply behavioral insights in the real world and has become a behavioral science manager at a financial well-being unit in an Australian bank. She continues to research and apply behavioral science to improve financial services and consumer (financial) well-being. Next to this, Merle is a science communicator, running the blog Money on the Mind, and the MoneyPsychologist TikTok account, where she disseminates insights from the intersection of behavioral science and personal finance. Last, to not leave academia behind fully, Merle also still teaches behavioral science as well as courses on fintech developments at top Australian universities. Merle was also a finalist for Content Person of the Year in the Habit Weekly Awards in 2022 along with myself and many other amazing content creators in the space including next week's guest who won the award last year. In today's conversation, we are talking about personal finance – both for individuals and how it applies to any business. Stress at home can impact performance at work, and there are some ways businesses can be helping their employees feel more comfortable -- and do better work -- if they are thoughtful about personal finances and what is going on in the world around them. Even if your company doesn't believe it is impacted by inflation or the massive layoffs that have been happening recently...think again. Merle and I dig in on how social media and other availability-bias- and herding-fueled messaging is impacting everyone, and what companies can be doing to help their employees to feel more secure and less stressed. Show Notes: [00:42] In today's conversation, I am joined by Dr. Merle van den Akker. Merle is a behavioral scientist who has recently completed a Ph.D. at the Warwick Business School studying the effect of different payment methods on personal finance management.  [02:21] Stress at home can impact performance at work and there are some ways businesses can help their employees feel more comfortable and do better work.  [04:34] Merle shares about herself, her background, and the work she does. She runs the Money on the Mind blog, where she writes about how behavioral science applies to personal finance.  [06:42] Spending on a credit card is incredibly different than spending with cash.  [07:37] With contactless payments, people tend to spend a bit more and then they actually have a much worse recall of what they spent.  [09:32] Mental accounting is expenditure and research tracking in your head.  [11:51] It is important to ask thoughtful questions in business and research.  [14:25] You have a mental and a physical account for savings and your credit whether you are in debt or not.  [16:54] Behavioral science can contribute positively to the cost of living crisis in major ways. When people act out of fear they don't make great decisions.  [18:54] Learned helplessness is a very dangerous state to get into. You need to be able to get into a mindset where you are still able to act.  [21:50] Having too much pressure on people's time is impacting their ability to do really good, thoughtful work.  [24:28] The present bias is a very inconvenient bias and is something you should be aware of.  [27:31] As an employee, it is important to know what would and would not work and ask for that from your employer. An employer should be open and expectant to have these conversations.  [30:36] There can be more thoughtful and creative solutions for ways employers can help that don't cost them a lot of money.  [32:45] You can help be a solution for customers and employees by having this overall awareness of what is happening in the world and how that is going to be impacting behavior.  [34:09] If your brain is in overload the last thing it wants is ambiguity.  [35:42] You don't want people to act out of fear because they will make decisions that don't benefit anyone in the long run. That is something we should really try to avoid.  [37:53] Social media algorithms give you more of what you show interest in. Something may feel like it is everywhere, when in reality the algorithms are just showing it to you a lot.    [39:46] Always take the time in stressful moments to breathe and get out of that hot state to look and see what you can do differently.  [41:01] It is a win-win situation to have employees that are not just cowering under an enormous load of stress and fear and as a result being rendered almost nonfunctional.  [42:34] Melina's closing thoughts. [43:01] If you focus on helping your people with more aspects of their lives then just what feels immediately relative to your bottom line can have really great impacts financially and otherwise.  Thanks for listening. Don't forget to subscribe on Apple Podcasts or Android. If you like what you heard, please leave a review on iTunes and share what you liked about the show.  I hope you love everything recommended via The Brainy Business! Everything was independently reviewed and selected by me, Melina Palmer. So you know, as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. That means if you decide to shop from the links on this page (via Amazon or others), The Brainy Business may collect a share of sales or other compensation. Let's connect: Melina@TheBrainyBusiness.com The Brainy Business® on Facebook The Brainy Business on Twitter The Brainy Business on Instagram The Brainy Business on LinkedIn Melina on LinkedIn The Brainy Business on Youtube Join the BE Thoughtful Revolution – our free behavioral economics community, and keep the conversation going! Learn and Support The Brainy Business: Check out and get your copies of Melina's Books.  Get the Books Mentioned on (or related to) this Episode: Nudge, by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein What Your Customer Wants and Can't Tell You, by Melina Palmer Scarcity, by Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir  Subtract, by Leidy Klotz The Power of Scarcity, by Mindy Weinstein Connect with Merle:  Money on the Mind Merle on Twitter Merle on LinkedIn Top Recommended Next Episode: Common Errors in Financial Decision Making with Dr. Chuck Howard (ep 213) Already Heard That One? Try These:  The Pain of Paying (ep 240) Hindsight Bias (ep 167) Time Discounting (ep 51) Common Errors in Financial Decision Making with Dr. Chuck Howard (ep 213) How To Set Up Your Own Experiments (ep 63) Mental Accounting (ep 282) That Time I Went Viral… with Dr. Daniel Crosby (ep 212) Survivorship Bias (ep 110) Herding (ep 264) Availability Bias (ep 15) Time Pressure (ep 74) The Overwhelmed Brain and Its Impact on Decision Making (ep 32) Loss Aversion (ep 9) Past, Present, and Future Biases  (ep 246) Expect Error: The "E" in NUDGES (ep 39) Give Feedback: The "G" in NUDGES (ep 40) Ambiguity Aversion (ep 243) Other Important Links:  Brainy Bites - Melina's LinkedIn Newsletter Learned Helplessness Invest now, drink later, spend never: On the mental accounting of delayed consumption

You're likely familiar with accounting, so perhaps you can gather that mental accounting is essentially about how we account for things in our mind. But, you may not realize that it isn't just mental math. This is about how we tend to create separate accounts for things in our minds that feel concrete, but often aren't. When I give examples in this episode today, which originally aired in the summer of 2019, you are going to find yourself saying, “Well, obviously that is how it works!” And then when you realize it doesn't have to be that way…it's kind of mind-blowing, but in a good way.  Mental accounting is great in a lot of ways. It helps us to save money and prioritize things that we might have a harder time with if everything was all lumped together. But it doesn't mean it is the ONLY way or even the right way. It might just be the best way our brains are doing it right now, and it is always a good thing when you can know the rules your brain is using to make its decisions as well as that of your employees, peers, customers, and more.  So, why are we talking about mental accounting today? It's because this Friday I am joined by Dr. Merle van den Akker, an expert on psychology and personal finances who runs the Money on the Mind blog. When she is here on Friday we discuss how the stress of money (fear of losing a job, concern about inflation, and the like) can impact employees. And, we of course take it a step further to unpack what businesses should know about these topics to better support their employees and why, even if a company thinks this doesn't have anything to do with them…it absolutely does. This kind of stress has a lot of economic impact on an organization, and it doesn't have to be difficult to support employees and achieve that win-win. We specifically talk about mental accounting in the episode, making it the perfect time to refresh it and get you set up for success for Friday! Show Notes: [01:21] Our brains make rules all the time. Sometimes they are really valuable — mental accounting is a great thing in a lot of ways. Sometimes, they aren't necessarily serving us well. [03:21] The concept of mental accounting was introduced by Nobel Prize winner Richard Thaler and is based on a human's illogical approach to value in relative terms instead of looking at it as an absolute.  [06:00] Three examples of how mental accounting can impact the decisions we make. This concept is very ingrained in our brains.  [08:22] Money is commonly labeled as either: expenses, wealth, and income.  [10:48] Much like regular accounting in mental accounting, individuals will book and post any occurring or planned transactions to the mental account. However, small items may not be booked in the same way as a big item would be. As long as it is below a certain amount it doesn't have to hit the mental account.  [12:38] We often don't look at dollar bills and change the same.  [15:31] Similar to the process of rounding up change at the grocery store, adding a small amount to an already large payment doesn't feel the same as having that payment on its own. This is because of decoupling.  [17:07] Vacations are enjoyed more when they are prepaid because it feels free.  [19:06] There are times when prepayment is necessary and beneficial for the overall enjoyment of an experience.  [22:34] When prepayment comes into play the impact of the payment gets completely wiped off the mental accounting sheet so its impact on the sheet becomes zero.  [25:11] Instead, internalize how the brain is wired to make its decisions around mental accounting.  [27:49] When it comes to wealth in these sorts of categories people are very influenced by paper gains and losses.  [29:26] Where you keep the money mentally or physically matters, but it also matters how you came across the money in question.  [30:53] The way you receive the dividend impacts your willingness to spend it.  [32:17] While it is easier to give cash than gifts, in many cases when the gift given is something someone really likes or enjoys it can have a greater value than giving cash.  [34:08] While losses should be lumped together, gains should be separated out to really feel their value. Don't wrap all the Christmas presents in one box.  [35:14] Mental accounting affects more than just money.  [37:52] Context is important in the way people react.  [39:54] Talking on the phone is more enjoyable when you aren't worried about how much it is going to cost you.  [41:57] If you struggle with work-life balance and want to make more time for yourself, your family, or date night, consider how the mental accounts for money were set up.  [43:47] Try to take a step back and have perspective on what's a waste of time and how you could better allocate your mental time account.  [44:25] Melina's closing thoughts Thanks for listening. Don't forget to subscribe on Apple Podcasts or Android. If you like what you heard, please leave a review on iTunes and share what you liked about the show.  I hope you love everything recommended via The Brainy Business! Everything was independently reviewed and selected by me, Melina Palmer. So you know, as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. That means if you decide to shop from the links on this page (via Amazon or others), The Brainy Business may collect a share of sales or other compensation. Let's connect: Melina@TheBrainyBusiness.com The Brainy Business® on Facebook The Brainy Business on Twitter The Brainy Business on Instagram The Brainy Business on LinkedIn Melina on LinkedIn The Brainy Business on Youtube Join the BE Thoughtful Revolution – our free behavioral economics community, and keep the conversation going! More from The Brainy Business: Check out Melina's award-winning books. Get the Books Mentioned on (or related to) this Episode: Nudge, by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein What Your Customer Wants and Can't Tell You, by Melina Palmer Scarcity, by Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir  Subtract, by Leidy Klotz The Power of Scarcity, by Mindy Weinstein Top Recommended Next Episode: Pain of Paying (240) Already Heard That One? Try These:  Costco (ep 47) Apple Card (ep 42) Overview of Personal Biases (ep 45) The Overwhelmed Brain and Its Impact on Decision Making (ep 32) Celebrating the First Year of the Podcast (ep 55) Overview of Personal Biases (ep 45) Framing (ep 16) Loss Aversion (ep 9) Time Discounting (ep 51) Booms and Busts (ep 30) What is Value? (ep 8) The Truth About Pricing (ep 5) Other Important Links:  Brainy Bites - Melina's LinkedIn Newsletter  The Pain of Paying The Red and the Black: Mental Accounting of Savings and Debt The Pain of Paying Tightwads and Spendthrifts: An Interdisciplinary Review Always Leave Home Without It: A Further Investigation of the Credit-Card Effect on Willingness to Pay Invest now, drink later, spend never: On the mental accounting of delayed consumption Mental Accounting Matters Mental Accounting and Consumer Choice

According to the Center on Poverty and Social Policy at Columbia University, 14.3 percent of Americans — nearly 50 million people — were living in poverty in December. The scale of poverty in the U.S. dwarfs that of most of our peer countries. And it raises the question: Why does so much poverty persist in one of the richest countries in the world?For the Princeton sociologist Matthew Desmond, the answer is simple: Poverty is a policy choice. It persists because we allow it to. And we allow it to persist because so many of us — whether we realize it or not — benefit from the exploitation of the poor.Desmond's 2016 book, the Pulitzer Prize winner “Evicted,” was a powerful ethnographic account of what it means to experience the depths of poverty. But his new book, “Poverty, by America,” is less about the poor than it is about the rest of us. It is about the people who are more comfortable with the perpetuation of poverty than with the changes that would be demanded for its abolition.So this conversation is about why poverty in America persists, the choices we could make to end it and why we as a country are so stubbornly resistant to making those choices. We also discuss the heated debate over how to measure poverty in the first place, why Desmond thinks poverty is primarily a product of “exploitation,” why over $140 billion of government aid ends up never making it into the hands of the people it's intended to help, Desmond's view that the U. S. does “more to subsidize affluence than to alleviate poverty,” why the daily cognitive cost of poverty is as severe as losing a night of sleep, how the U. S. passed its most successful anti-poverty policy in decades and then let it expire, why Americans seem more willing to tolerate high poverty than high prices, why Desmond thinks sectoral bargaining and public housing are key pillars of any anti-poverty agenda, what it means to become a “poverty abolitionist” and more.Mentioned:Evicted by Matthew DesmondHomelessness Is a Housing Problem by Gregg Colburn and Clayton Page Aldern“The Time Tax” by Annie LowreyScarcity by Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir“What the Rich Don't Want to Admit About the Poor” by Ezra KleinBook Recommendations:What Then Must We Do? by Leo TolstoyRace for Profit by Keeanga-Yamahtta TaylorRandom Family by Adrian Nicole LeBlancThoughts? Guest suggestions? Email us at ezrakleinshow@nytimes.com.You can find transcripts (posted midday) and more episodes of “The Ezra Klein Show” at nytimes.com/ezra-klein-podcast, and you can find Ezra on Twitter @ezraklein. Book recommendations from all our guests are listed at https://www.nytimes.com/article/ezra-klein-show-book-recs.This episode of “The Ezra Klein Show” is produced by Roge Karma, with Emefa Agawu, Annie Galvin, Jeff Geld and Kristin Lin. Fact-checking by Michelle Harris, Mary Marge Locker and Kate Sinclair. Mixing by Jeff Geld. Original music by Isaac Jones. Audience strategy by Shannon Busta. The executive producer of New York Times Opinion Audio is Annie-Rose Strasser. Special thanks to Pat McCusker and Kristina Samulewski.

Sara Heller and Max Kapustin talk about the effects of the READI program on gun violence in Chicago. “Predicting and Preventing Gun Violence: An Experimental Evaluation of READI Chicago” by Monica P. Bhatt, Sara B. Heller, Max Kapustin, Marianne Bertrand, and Christopher Blattman. *** Probable Causation is part of Doleac Initiatives, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. If you enjoy the show, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution. Thank you for supporting our work! *** OTHER RESEARCH WE DISCUSS IN THIS EPISODE: “Cure Violence: A Public Health Model to Reduce Gun Violence” by Jeffrey Butts, Caterina Gouvis Roman, Lindsay Bostwick, and Jeremy R. Porter. “Machine Learning Can Predict Shooting Victimization Well Enough to Help Prevent It” by Sara B Heller, Benjamin Jakubowski, Zubin Jelveh, and Max Kapustin. “The Enhanced Transitional Jobs Demonstration: Implementation and Early Impacts of the Next Generation of Subsidized Employment Programs” by Cindy Redcross, Bret Barden, Dan Bloom, Joseph Broads, Jennifer Thompson, Sonya Williams, Sam Elkins, Randall Jurus, Janae Bonus, Ada Tso et al. “Thinking, Fast and Slow? Some Field Experiments to Reduce Crime and Dropout in Chicago” by Sara B. Heller, Anuj K. Shah, Jonathan Guryan, Jens Ludwig, Sendhil Mullainathan, and Harold A. Pollack. “Reducing Crime and Violence: Experimental Evidence from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Liberia” by Christopher Blattman, Julian C. Jamison, and Margaret Sheridan. “Reducing Violence Without Police: A Review of Research Evidence” by Charles Branas, Shani Bugs, Jeffrey A. Butts, Anna Harvey, and Erin M. Kerrison. “Advance Peace Stockton, 2018-20 Evaluation Report” by Jason Corburn and Amanda Fukutome. “Implementation Evaluation of Roca, Inc.” by Abt Associates. “Reaching and Connecting: Preliminary Results from Chicago CRED's Impact on Gun Violence Involvement” by Northwestern Neighborhood & Network Initiative.

The Right Question Institute (RQI), works to build a more just and equitable democracy by strengthening people's ability to ask questions and participate in decisions that affect them. As RQI puts it, “When people of all ages learn to ask the right questions, it leads to feeling a new sense of agency, confidence & power.” Naomi Campbell directs RQI's Legal Empowerment program, leading RQI's efforts to promote the adoption of the Right Question Strategy in legal practice settings serving low-income communities. The work is aimed at offering a simple way to integrate capacity-building into practice at the micro-level, as part of a systemic change strategy at the macro-level. That sounded to me like a serious curiosity practice in service of community transformation and I wanted to know more. Learn more about about The Right Question Institute: https://rightquestion.org Read Jamie Jirout's research on children's questions and problem solving: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15248372.2020.1832492 Take a look at this excellent coverage from The Guardian of work by Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir on scarcity. Their work is not focused on curiosity specifically, but it certainly resonates! https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/aug/23/scarcity-sendhil-mullainathan-eldar-shafir Our theme music is by Sean Balick. “Faster Faster Brighter" by Ray Catcher, via Blue Dot Sessions.

نگاهی به کمبودهای فردی و اجتماعیخلاصه کتاب کمبودScarcity: Why Having Too Little Means So Muchنویسنده: الدار سفیر، سندهیل مولای ناتان | Eldar Shafir, Sendhil Mullainathanناشر: ققنوس | ترجمه: حسین علیجانی رنانیگوینده و متن: مهدی بهمنیتدوین: رضا بهمنیلینک‌ های پادکست: yun.ir/podlinksحمایت مالی: yun.ir/hamibashاسپانسر کتاب جیبی شوید: yun.ir/sponsor

Aurelie Ouss talks about using insights from behavioral economics to reduce failures-to-appear in court. This episode was first posted in January 2020. "Nudging Crime Policy: Reducing Failures to Appear for Court" by Alissa Fishbane, Aurelie Ouss, and Anuj K. Shah. (Available from the authors upon request.) Related policy paper: "Using Behavioral Science to Improve Criminal Justice Outcomes: Preventing Failures to Appear in Court" by Brice Cook, Binta Zahra Diop, Alissa Fishbane, Jonathan Hayes, Aurelie Ouss, and Anuj Shah. *** Probable Causation is part of Doleac Initiatives, a 501(c)(3) corporation. If you enjoy the show, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution. Thank you for supporting our work! *** OTHER RESEARCH WE DISCUSS IN THIS EPISODE: "Bail, Jail, and Pretrial Misconduct: The Influence of Prosecutors" by Aurelie Ouss and Megan T. Stevenson. “Distortion of Justice: How the Inability to Pay Bail Affects Case Outcomes” by Megan T. Stevenson. “The Effects of Pretrial Detention on Conviction, Future Crime, and Employment: Evidence from Randomly Assigned Judges” by Will Dobbie, Jacob Goldin, and Crystal S. Yang. “The Unintended Impact of Pretrial Detention on Case Outcomes: Evidence from New York City Arraignments” by Emily Leslie and Nolan G. Pope. “The Downstream Consequences of Misdemeanor Pretrial Detention” by Paul Heaton, Sandra Mayson, and Megan Stevenson. Episode 4 of Probable Causation: Megan Stevenson "Thinking, Fast and Slow? Some Field Experiments to Reduce Crime and Dropout in Chicago" by Sara B. Heller, Anuj K. Shah, Jonathan Guryan, Jens Ludwig, Sendhil Mullainathan, and Harold A. Pollack. “Behavioral Biases and Legal Compliance: A Field Experiment” by Natalia Emanuel and Helen Ho.

In this episode, Dustin talks with Dan Heath about his book, Upstream: The Quest to Solve Problems Before They Happen.You'll discover why we get stuck in the cycle of response, putting out fires, dealing with emergencies, handling one problem after another, and how to make our way upstream to fix the systems that cause the problems. In other words, you'll learn how to shift from reaction to prevention.Dan encourages listeners to break free of the tunneling trap that forces us to stay in the short-term. He shares how to become an organization that learns and improves by embracing the systems thinking we need in order to perform more effectively and efficiently. ***This episode is brought to you by Dentma. From Appointment Reminders to New Patient Satisfaction Surveys, Dentma's cutting-edge assistant, Ava, has your patient communication covered and is growing every day! Visit Dentma.com to schedule a demo today. ***Resources Mentioned in The Burleson Box:Irving ZolaScarcity by Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar ShafirAnita TuckerSteve SpearPaul BataldenUpstream: The Quest to Solve Problems Before They HappenHeathBrothers.com ***Go Premium: Members get early access, ad-free episodes, hand-edited transcripts, exclusive study guides, special edition books each quarter, powerpoint and keynote presentations and two tickets to Dustin Burleson's Annual Leadership Retreat.http://www.theburlesonbox.com/sign-up Stay Up to Date: Sign up for The Burleson Report, our weekly newsletter that is delivered each Sunday with timeless insight for life and private practice. Sign up here:http://www.theburlesonreport.com Follow Dustin Burleson, DDS, MBA at:http://www.theburlesonfiles.com

On episode 2, we explore the definitions of scarcity, the difference between scarcity and scarcity mindset, features of scarcity thinking, and an expansive view of both "resources" and "wants". This episode references the book Scarcity by Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir. The practices to integrate this week: 1. Resource Awareness PracticeYou can do this either as a journal/writing practice or as a mindfulness walk. Set a timer for 5 minutes and name every resource you see or can think of,  based on our expansive view of resources as physical, mental and emotional. If you get stuck, think of a specific want you have that feels hard to fulfill, and start naming every resource you have access to that might help you fulfill that want. 2. Want Tolerance PracticeThere are two parts to this one: Spend this week noticing every time your "wanting" is actually a form of resource. Perhaps it gives you pleasure, joy, motivation, guidance, or clarity. In the second part, notice when your unfulfilled wants (which we could also describe as scarcities) are feeling unpleasant or uncomfortable. Rather than needing to change that feeling, take a few deep breaths and allow the feeling of discomfort that comes with an unfulfilled want. See if you can allow the feeling to come and go without resisting it. 

These past few years, as our country has become more fragmented, and longstanding biases have come into plain sight, we've searched for ways to understand what we're experiencing more deeply and to benefit from perspectives that can help us envision a path forward. This week's episode of Our Dream Deferred: Fulfilling the Nation's Promise, we'll cover the importance of narrative change and how to do it in a positive way, what we can do as leaders and organizations to contribute to meaningful change, and what behavioral science can teach us about how to reach the people and communities we serve.   This episode's guest is Anthony Barrows, a Managing Director at idas42.   Be part of Our Dream Deferred. Use the hashtag #OurDreamDeferred or write to us at cbecker@aphsa.org.    This episode was produced by APHSA. Editing and sound design by Brandon Mitchell.   Links: http://ideas42.org/learn  https://anthonybarrows.com/home.html  https://www.mobilitypartnership.org/paper-categories/narrative    Book Recommendations: The Tyranny of Merit: What's Become of the Common Good? by Michael J. Sandel The Conversation: How Seeking and Speaking the Truth About Racism Can Radically Transform Individuals and Organizations by Robert Livingston Scarcity: The New Science of Having Less and How It Defines Our Lives by Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir